This article starts with the understanding of the 'dual past'. While since establishment of the communist regime in Poland the interests in the past were focused only on the atrocities of nazi Germany, as in cases of Katyn and Jedwabne those of Sowjet army and the Polish were covered up or not treated. Since 1989 Poland was confronted with two difficulties: the transition to democratic system and the liquidation of communist past. In the course of liquidation of communist past in Poland the remarkable characters can be summarized as follows: Firstly, the transition to democratic system in Poland was gradually advanced, and the liquidation of communist past was compromising and legal; secondly, most of victims in the period of communist regime were since 1990 rehabilitated, and the assets of organizations, which were nationalized after the WWII or confiscated unter martial law in 1980, were partly restituted: thirdly, the 'lustration act' (997) and the 'Institute for National Remembrance' (1998) were institutional instruments which made the lawful liquidation possible: fourthly, the aim of liquidation of communist past in Poland lied not in the 'decommunisation' and 'punishment', but in the admission of truth and social integration: fifthly, the former communists in academic fields continued to be employed for the most part and became the best gainer from the privatization after 1990. According to four levels of Helmuth Konig the dealing to terms with past in Poland can be concluded as follows: firstly, Mazowiecki wanted to avoid the dealing to terms with past under ambiguous 'thick line' policy, but 'Oleksy affair' brought the need of lustration horne to Polish politicians: secondly, aims and tasks of lustration were set up in the early phase separately and unsystematic, so that legislation was urgent; thirdly, the ideological confrontation between the political parties obstrueted reasonable discussions, because they put their own temporary and real interests before truth and mutual understanding: fourthly, one of the greatest difficulties in the dealing to terms with past in Poland seemed to be caused by the facts that its agent was unclear or unauthorized.


PI/SiO2 nano-hybrid films were prepared through Sol-Gel process.In the process of preparation,polymer matrix was based on the polycondensation of 4,4′-diaminodiphenylether(ODA) and pyromellitic dianhydride(PMDA),and inorganic phase was obtained via the hydrolysis and condensation of inorganic precursor triethoxysilane(TEOS).The morphologies of PI/SiO2 hybrid films were characterized by methods of Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) and Atomic Force Microscope(AFM).The effects of thermal imidization process on aggregation structure of PI/SiO2 nano-hybrid films were discussed.The results indicated that it is all effective methods to reduce silica particle size that extending residence time at 60 ℃,improving final temperature to 350 ℃,extending residence time at 350 ℃ and reducing heating rate in high temperature area.


Taking one-year old peach[Prunus persica(L.)Batsch.] seedlings as test materials. This paper studied the effects of herbicides(glyphosate and paraquat)on growth and development,root structure and photosynthesis in peach seedlings. The results showed that at early days after spraying paraquat,the electrolyte leakage rate of roots was raised,after that,the damages to the roots was reduced as time went on afterward. On the 40 th day after spraying paraquat,the leaf transpiration rate(Tr)increased while the water utilization efficiency(WUE)decreased and total aboveground dry matter lower than that of control. Glyphosate showed obvious influence on external morphology of peach. On the 7th day after spraying glyphosate,the young leaves getting yellow,curling upwards. The electrolyte leakage rate of roots was always higher than that of the control. On the 40 th day after spraying glyphosate,the total length,volume,surface area and tip number of roots were decreased significantly. The leaf photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr)and stomatal conduction(Gs)decreased. The glyphosate treatment also significantly inhibited dry matter accumulation of peach. These results imply the glyphosate have a influence on plant aboveground through root transduction. We should avoid using systemic herbicides in peach orchard.


Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has received renewed interest in recent years in fields such as trace analysis, biorelated diagnosis, and living cell study. However, the interference of impurities left on the surface from the preparation process of substrates limits to some extent the application of SERS. In the present paper, we propose a method to prepare clean SERS substrates by a combined method of hydrothermal green synthesis and thermal treatment to obtain a clean and impurity-free surface for SERS measurements, suitable for cells growth. The goal of such activity was the study of the membrane proteome, with special attention to prion protein (PrPC), in its physiological ambient. SERS has been used to evidence the PrPC-Cu(II) interaction in a rat neuroblastoma cell line (B104), known to overexpress the cellular prion protein PrPC.


Abstract : Menu-Based Natural Language (MBNL) provides a form of constrained natural language dialogue for human-computer interaction where natural language words and phrases are displayed on the screen as menu items. Previous research on cursor devices has provided mixed results concerning the best cursor device and no firm recommendations were available for use with MBNL interfaces. This study was developed to determine the best input device for MBNL interfaces to Naval command and control databases. Results showed that search keys were slower than cursor keys and trackball. No-scrolling was faster than scrolling. Trackball was preferred, and was more quickly learned than cursor keys.


A novel approach is proposed to the analysis of the expressive powers of Concrete, Pictorial and Abstract representations of arithmetic. Drawing on the theory of formal mathematical logic, it is shown that precisely defined syntaxes and semantics can be introduced for Cuisenaire rods and partwhole bar models. By interpreting sentences expressed in these representations as sentences in the first-order theory of arithmetic, it is possible to rigorously study the potential and limits of these representations. It is shown that different approaches to bar modelling vary depending on the semantic content given to geometric bar length, and the implications of this observation are studied to reveal the relative power of these representations for expression of word problems and their subsequent solution within the representation.


Corporate social responsibility (CSR) plays an increasingly important role for businesses and receives the attention of many people. The main aim of this study is to explore the components of corporate social responsibility and the part of satisfaction and trust in the relationship between corporate social responsibility and farmer cohesion. Based on applying the partial least squares (PLS-SEM) estimation model to test the hypothesis through data collected from the questionnaire survey in the Northern critical economic region, the research results obtained 395 valid questionnaires, which were used to test the ideas. Research shows that corporate social responsibility consists of three main components: commitment, customers, and the environment from a farmers' perspective. Besides, satisfaction and trust are intermediaries between social responsibility and farmers' cohesion in high-tech agricultural cooperatives.


This paper presents the use of the Jiles–Atherton model in fitting the major magnetization curves for two classes of composite magnetoelectric materials. These materials are: (BaTiO3)x(CoFe2O4)1–x and (BaTiO3)x(CoMn0.2Fe1.8O4)1–x, with x = 0.8, 0.6, and 0.4. The model's parameters result from finding the regression curves and give information about the micromagnetic state of the material. The dependencies of the model's parameters on the ratio of the two phases' concentrations have been analyzed. The values of the parameters for the two classes of materials have been compared, and the influence of Mn on the magnetic properties has been analyzed. Also presented here are the regression curves for a set of first order reversal curves using the same algorithm as the major magnetization curves. The dependence of the model's parameters on the reversal field has been analyzed.


Purpose Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men. The urge to guide treatment tactics based on personal clinical risk factors has evolved in the era of human genome sequencing. To date, personalized approaches to managing PCa patients have not yet been developed. Radiogenomics is a relatively new term, used to refer to the study of genetic variation associated with imaging features of the tumour in order to improve the prognostication of the disease course. Material and methods The study is a review of recent knowledge regarding potential clinical applications of radiogenomics in personalized treatment of PCa. Results Recent investigations have proven that by combining data on individual genetic tumour features, and radiomic profiling (radiologic-molecular correlation), with traditional staging procedures in order to personalize treatment of PCa, an improved prognostication of PCa course can be performed, and overtreatment of indolent cancer can be avoided. It was found that a combination of multiparametric MRI and gene expression data allowed the detection of radiomic features of PCa, which correlated with a number of gene signatures associated with adverse outcomes. It was revealed that several molecular markers may drive tumour upstaging, allowed the distinction between the PCa stages, and correlated with aggressiveness-related radiomic features. Conclusions The radiogenomics of PCa is not a comprehensively investigated area of oncourology. The combination of genomics and radiomics as integrative parts of precision medicine in the future has the potential to become the foundation for a personalized approach to the management of PCa.


Abstract This paper discusses some of the reasons why in the Northern Territory of Australia speakers of indigenous languages shift from using indigenous languages to using creoles and standard or non-standard English. Language attitudes of speakers are discussed in terms of what people say about languages, what public activities they engage in with respect to language maintenance, and how they talk in informal settings. The divergence between people's positive attitudes towards a language (as indicated by public language activities) and their everyday talk is discussed in the light of linguistic vitality indicators, including the socio-structural features of political, social, economic and cultural control, institutional control and status, and demographic factors as well as interactional possibilities.


Dampers were utilized to disperse energy and inhibit the structure from deforming during the earthquake period. By using dampers to increase the frame's stability, we can prevent buckling and failure of columns and beams. High-rise buildings are demolished and substantial deformation occurs during earthquakes. Using dampers, we can lessen the shaking of reinforced cement concrete structures during an earthquake. To test the applicability of various damper types during an earthquake, we used numerous types of dampers in this investigation. A comparative review of several types of dampers utilized for multi-story cement concrete building reinforcement was conducted in an empirical study. The seismic behaviour of a G+15 storey structure with and without dampers was studied using the Time History Method. For study, the earthquake load is applied in both the x and y directions. For analysis, the IS1893:2002(part 1) code is used in conjunction with the ETABS 2018 version 18.1.1 package. These experiments' results are addressed in terms of several parameters such as maximal absolute displacement, absolute acceleration, absolute velocity, storey shear, storey drift, storey stiffness, and modal participation mass ratio. It is done in order to compare these different parameters. To diffuse seismic energy, many types of dampers are utilized. A comparison of two separate buildings with varying bay sizes (5mx5m & 6mx6m) is used in this article, as well as a comparison of various parameters utilizing Tuned Mass Damper and Fluid Viscous Damper.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia affecting 40% of the population over 80 years old. Reflecting an ageing population and lack of effective therapies, AD is estimated to double the number of cases in 30 years, becoming a major health and economic burden. Clinically, AD is defined by a progressive loss of cognitive functions that lead to dementia and death. Neuropathologically, signs such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and neuronal death are prominent. The Metallothionein family (MT), is formed by low molecular weight, cysteine rich proteins with high metal content, which are subdivided in four subfamilies (MT-1 to MT-4). Although the primary function of MTs remains unknown, they are involved in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic processes, conferring survival advantage under stress or tissue injury. MT-1/2 isoforms, ubiquitously expressed in all tissues, are upregulated in several neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. In this thesis we intend to further characterise the role of the MT-1, by crossing Mt1 overexpressing mice with the Tg2576 mouse model of AD, which expresses the human amyloid-β protein precursor (hAβPP) with the Swedish K670N/M671L mutations. In old mice, MT-1/2 protein levels were significantly increased by Mt1 overexpression throughout the cortex, which exhibited a marked caudal-frontal gradient, and the hippocampus. MT-1/2 immunostaining tended to increase in hAβPP compared to wild type mice. In contrast, when comparing TgMT and AβPPTgMT mice, MT-1/2 immunostaining tended to decrease in the latter. Mt1 overexpression protected from hAβPP-induced mortality at perinatal stages but did not affect survival in adult mice. Mt1 overexpression ameliorated the effects of hAβPP on exploration in young females, exacerbated those on anxiety in old males, and improved spatial memory and learning in young females. Amyloid plaque burden in old mice was increased by Mt1 overexpression in the hippocampus, but not in the cortex, in both sexes. However, oligomeric and monomeric forms of Aβ, which are reported to contribute more to toxicity, were decreased in the hippocampus of females and increased in males. Mt1 overexpression decreased the inflammatory response in the hippocampus of young males, before the deposit of amyloid plaques but increased microgliosis in old male mice. Hippocampal CA1 neuronal loss was found in Tg2576 mice, but was unaffected by Mt1 overexpression. Aging increased Zn and Cu levels differently depending on brain area, sex and genotype, and were barely affected by Mt1 overexpression. These results suggest that MT-1 can modulate some traits of the Tg2576 phenotype, highlighting the relevance of these studies in the development of human therapies.


: As innovation has garnered substantial attention on corporate success and sustainability, organizations must evaluate internal contexts to determine potential innovative practices and benefits. Firms need to investigate the determining factors of innovation preparedness as organizational innovation practices are catalyzed through internal elements. This study evaluates small and medium firms' readiness to adopt and execute collaborative innovative projects within a future cluster and its impacts on organizational advantages, intentions, and attributes. Thereby, three dimensions were considered in examining organizational preparedness, namely, climate, culture, and motivation. A total of 70 firms operating in the labeled agri-food sector in Morocco were interviewed and homogenously classified using integrated hierarchical and non-hierarchical algorithms, following a segmentation approach. Three segments were identified, stressing the degree of organizational readiness to undertake innovative projects within future service clusters. The segments varied according to the firm's sub-sector, experience, and resources. Considering the association of readiness with benefits and practical aims, the results broaden firm preparedness understanding to adopt innovative projects. The results also illustrate the relevance of adapting both innovative and beneficial project arrangements for firms with minor to moderate experience while addressing current issues across different segments.


We have designed and manufactured production prototypes of aspiration devices for air sampling (from the atmosphere, in working zones of industrial enterprises, etc.) of the type AUP (four models with different numbers of sampling channels: Stationary, portable, power-supplied by a 220-V network or 12-V automobile storage batteries) and individual samplers of the type {open_quotes}El`f-M{close_quotes} with a guaranteed time of autonomous operation of 8 hours. The range of sampling rates may vary from 0.3-20 dm{sup 3}/min (AUP models) to 0.1-7.0 dm{sup 3}/min ({open_quotes}El`f-M{close_quotes}), with the principal relative error in measuring the volume of sample being equal to 5%. Selected technical characteristics of AUP and {open_quotes}El`f-M{close_quotes} are given in comparison with those of the known domestically made analogs.


This article provides a comprehensive overview of the machining of aluminum alloys, composites, and ceramics at micro scale. All major aspects of the micromachining of aluminum alloys including process descriptions, key research findings, applications, major challenges, and guidelines for future research have been covered in this article. Based on the literature, conventional micromachining processes, such as turning, milling, grinding, and drilling, have been found to be suitable for machining most of the cast and wrought aluminum alloys. On the other hand, nonconventional micromachining processes were approached for the micromachining of aluminum metal matrix composites and alumina ceramics. Some challenges and aspects in the area of micromachining of aluminum alloys that need future considerations are burr formation, tool wear, surface finish, microstructures and properties changes, and process development for advanced and hybrid micromachining.


Nowadays, more and more physical devices embed computing and networking capabilities and are visible on the Internet. These devices include webcams, net-printers, and industrial control equipments, etc. Collecting information about these devices is crucial to preserve cyber-security and facilitate security auditing for system administrators. In this paper, we propose a scalable framework for physical device profiling. It leverages banner grabbing to identify device types and running services, and uses clock skew to determine a device ID. Our framework scales well. We implement a prototype system and use it to profile Webcams and industrial control device. The results show that our system can effectively profile and identify Webcams in real time. We deploy it on the cloud server and use it to detect 4 billion IP addresses to profile 1.2 million Webcams and more than 60 thousand industrial control devices in 20 hours.


The information and communication technology (ICT) is witnessing a revolutionary era with the advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT). An IoT network is a combination of sensor and actuator networks, connected and communicating in certain ways to design and provide IoT services to the end users. These IoT services are created by mapping physical-world objects into virtual-world objects. In this work, we propose a novel approach of IoT services orchestration based on multiple sensor and actuator platforms using virtual objects in online IoT application-store (app-store). In this work, we focused on combining the concepts of do-it-yourself (DIY) IoT marketplace, virtual objects (VOs), and virtual services. We built a fusion IoT services platform on a previously proposed IoT application store. The IoT application store enables the sharing and discovery of IoT VOs, along with micro-services associated with each VO uploaded into the application store. The fusion IoT services platform enables the user to fetch the desired or all VOs from the IoT app store and map the available VOs to form the fusion IoT services. The user can either select all the available VOs and see all the possible services' combinations or select the desired (DIY) services and customize the virtual services scope. The performance of the proposed fusion IoT services platform was evaluated on the basis of the service connection times, service response times with varying load of VOs, virtual users, and active platforms. The proposed idea also offers a sustainable solution by proposing the reuse of existing resources and reducing duplicate deployments, which can lessen the total cost of the physical networks' deployment and maintenance. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed work is the first of its kind.


In Julian Wasserman's essay on "The Pitfalls of Drama," the question of definitions does come up, in fact, as part ofthe Absurd texture of Albee's plays. Definitions are not semantics as such. however, and words seem to deflect from insights. I really do not see how we can view the play better by being told that for Julian, "the relationship between the model and the replica, as opposed to the relationship between God and the world, is semantic" (p. 48). Is the model-replica not a paradox and an expanding image, the play's Chinese-box visual aid? Thomas P. Adler's "The Pirandello in Albee" was the essay I read with greatest interest, since the Absurd, I am convinced, must be approached with the Pirandellian dialectic in mind. This piece, I feel, has infinitely more potential than the author was able to realize. But it also produces interesting parallels and displays good reading of both the Pirandellian and Albeeian texts. Other essays in the volume include Virginia Perry's "Disturbing Our Sense of Well-Being: The 'Uninvited' inA Delicate Balance," Matthew C. Roudane's "On Death, Dying, and the Manner of Living: Waste as Theme in Edward Albee's The Lady from Dubuque," Leonard Casper's piece on Tiny Alice, and articles by Mary Castiglie Anderson, Philip C. Kolin, and Liam O. Purdon. Richard E. Amacher's book Edward Albee is a revision of his 1969 Twayne edition in which the author includes a new chapter on six of eight new Albee plays. The work is still a good introduction to Albee, since it covers biographical and critical ground, and deals with the plays in an easy way, giving students, especially, a chance to get into the subject. There are excellent summaries of action and plot, and the kind of detailed analysis that is bound to attract students who find Albee's style difficult at first. Still, the book has its drawbacks: the very things that make it useful in teaching and in introducing Albee to readers who do not know his work or are not familiar with the Absurd style make the presentation less than satisfying for others who are looking for something critically viable in this difficult area. The book is an excellent beginning, and within those limits it works well. There is a Selected Bibliography as well as an Index.


Gingival cyst of adults (GCA) is a relatively uncommon developmental odontogenic cyst that occurs in the attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa. This report describes a case of GCA associated with a xanthogranulomatous lesion. The patient was a 78-year-old man, who presented with gingival swelling of the left maxillary incisor-canine region. Intraoral examination showed a painless, well-circumscribed, dome-shaped swelling, approximately 5cm in diameter and fluctuant. There were no noteworthy features on radiographic examination. The lesion was clinically diagnosed as a benign gingival tumor and was confirmed to be a cystic lesion on operation. It was surgically marsupialized under local anesthesia. Healing was uneventful, with no evidence of recurrence at 1.5 year follow-up evaluation. Histopathologically, the lesion was unicystic and lined by thin nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without rete ridges. An xanthogranulomatous lesion containing numerous cholesterin clefts and foam cells was found in a part of the cyst wall and may have caused the extensive growth of the GCA.


The utility model relates to a fast sealed connector for connecting pipes, comprising a joint seat, a connecting sleeve, a joint body and a fixed pin. The utility model solves the problems of loading and unloading needing tools to rotate the pipes in the prior art because of threaded connection, no use adjacent to obstacle, complicated structure and higher cost. With the utility model, any tool is not needed for completing fast loading and unloading. The utility model can be used widely for connecting water-carriages, air delivery, oil or other fluid conveying pipelines in oil fields, mines, building sites, and other places temporarily.


Binary feature descriptors have been widely used in computer vision field due to their excellent discriminative power and strong robustness, and local binary patterns (LBP) and its variations have proven that they are effective face descriptors. However, the forms of such binary feature descriptors are predefined in the hand-crafted way, which requires strong domain knowledge to design them. In this paper, we propose a simple and efficient Kernel Linear Collaborative Discriminant Regression Classification (KLCDRC) feature learning method to learn a discriminative binary face descriptor in the data-driven way. Firstly, similar to traditional LBP method, we extract block based feature vectors by computing and concatenating the difference between center patch and its neighboring patches. Then learn a feature mapping to project these pixel difference vectors into low-dimensional binary vectors. Lastly, we cluster and pool these projected binary codes into a histogram-based feature that describes the co-occurrence of binary codes. And we consider the histogram-based feature as our final feature representation for each face image. We investigate the performance of our KLCDRC-LBP, KLCDRC and LCDRC on ORL and YALE databases. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our KLCDRC descriptor outperforms other state-of-the-art face descriptors.


The Z → E photoisomerization of the 1:1 complexes of human serum albumin (HSA) and several bilirubins (BR‐IXα, ‐IIIα, meso‐IXα and a mixture of ‐IXα, ‐IIIα and XHIα) affords in every case an almost negligible structural volume change (δVR = 0) within detection limits (i e. less than2–4 cm3/mol for this isomerization with very low quantum yield) as determined by laser‐induced optoacoustic spectroscopy. Based on previous model studies of photoisomerizations in aqueous environment, this negligible small change is interpreted as indicating that the part of the molecule undergoing photoisomerization is not exposed to water but is located in a hydrophobic protein cavity that shields the molecule from the aqueous medium. The BR‐protein interaction within this cavity seems to be very loose in view of the small structural volume change observed. The energy difference between the Z and E isomers of the BR‐HSA complexes was estimated to be less than 4 kJ/mol, probably close to zero (ΔH = 0).


Abstract A comparison of the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of Semenovia dichotoma (Boiss.) Manden. (which is endemic to Iran), Johreniopsis seseloides (C.A.Mey.) M.Pimen., and Bunium cylindricum (Boiss. et Hohen.) Drude were carried out. The oils were obtained by water-distillation and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Caryophyllene oxide (25.5%) and β-pinene (10.9%) were the main components in the oil of S. dichotoma. The oil of J. seseloides was found to contain β-pinene (14.9%) and germacrene D (11.1%) as the major constituents. The major components found in the oil of B. cylindricum were myristicin (43.1%), β-phel-landrene (20.0%), β-pinene (15.6%) and α-pinene (10.7%). Antibacterial activity was determined by measurement of growth inhibitory zone.


Annexin is the name of a new family of Ca2+dependent membrane-binding proteins. Eleven types of its related proteins have been reported to date. Among those, annexin I and annexin I1 have been reported to possess many biological functions in uitro. Its actual role in uiuo, however, is yet unknown. The involvement of annexin I and annexin I1 in the proliferation processes of hepatocytes was examined in the following aspects: (a) hepatocyte proliferation after carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage, (b) hepatocyte regeneration after partial hepatectomy and (c) postnatal development of hepatocytes. These results showed collectively that annexin I and annexin I1 were increased in proliferative (or regenerative) hepatocytes, suggesting that both proteins play a certain role in the proliferation event. Furthermore, annexin Iand annexin II-positive hepatocytes always show a wider distribution than that of proliferating cell nuclear antigen or cytokeratin 7-positive hepatocytes, indicating that annexin I and annexin I1 may be useful markers for detecting not only actively proliferating hepatocytes but also hepatocytes in preproliferative and postproliferative stages. (HEPATOLOGY 1994;20:425435.)


Based on the analysis of the principle of ready logic control no circulating current system of DC drives,the fault diagnosis and adjustment process to the system for aluminum cold rolling mill are introlduced.The experimental result is also given in this paper.


Introduction There is no transfer of antibodies to foetuses during pregnancy and piglets are dependent on colostrum in order to obtain protective immunity towards disease. Decreasing levels of serum antibodies in the sows can mirror the transfer of antibodies to colostrum during the last month of gestation (2). The aim of this study was to study the colostral transfer of immunity to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App), a major respiratory pathogen (1), from sows to offspring.


ABSTRACT The Rwanda Defence Force recently staged military operations against insurgents in Mozambique and the Central African Republic. Both actions were performed outside regional or multinational efforts. This makes the contemporary actions of Rwanda outliers in the international relations of Sub-Saharan Africa and heralds shifts in conflict management on the continent. An explanation is found in the application of neoclassical realist theory to the case of Rwanda – a first – as the country's leaders have taken advantage of a permissive strategic environment, high clarity, leaders' beliefs and a strategic culture to produce the output of extra-regional military deployments.


Purpose: To assess results with twice-daily highdose radiotherapy (RT) for non‐small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods: Between 1991 and 1998, 94 patients with unresectable NSCLC were prescribed > 73.6 Gy via accelerated fractionation. Fifty were on a phase II protocol (P group); 44 were similarly treated off-protocol (NP group). The clinical target volume received 45 Gy at 1.25 Gy bid (6-hour interval). The gross target volume received 1.6 Gy bid to 73.6 to 80 Gy over 4.5 to 5 weeks using a concurrent boost technique. Overall survival (OS) and local progression-free survival (LPFS) were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Median follow-up durations for surviving P and NP patients were 67 and 16 months, respectively. Results: Total doses received were > 72 Gy in 97% of patients. The median OS by stage was 34, 13, and 12 months for stages I/II, IIIa, and IIIb, respectively. LPFS was significantly longer for patients with T1 lesions (median, 43 months) versus T2-4 (median, 7 to 10 months; P 5 .01). Results were similar in the P and NP groups. Acute grade > 3 toxicity included esophagus (14 patients; 15%), lung (three patients; 3% [one grade 5]), and skin (four patients; 4%). Grade > 3 late toxicity in 86 assessable patients included esophagus (three patients; 3%), lung (15 patients; 17% [three grade 5]), skin (five patients; 6%), heart (two patients; 2%), and nerve (one patient; 1%). Conclusion: This regimen yielded favorable survival results, particularly for T1 lesions. Acute grade > 3 toxicity seems greater than for conventional RT, though most patients recovered. Late grade > 3 pulmonary toxicity occurred in 17%. Because of continued locoregional recurrences, we are currently using doses > 86 Gy. J Clin Oncol 19:705-711. © 2001 by American Society of Clinical Oncology.


Due to various types of errors added to yield data, proper methods to reduce measurement errors are required to produce reliable yield maps. To deal with parasitic types of errors in yield systems, information provided by the various sensors was utilized and combined in such a way to reduce the measurement errors of load cells. In addition to four load cells from an experimental model trailer, an accelerometer was used to obtain information to compensate error induced from vertical movement of the vehicle due to the variation of ground smoothness. An array of photo-interrupter circuit was added to provide distinctive information other than weight data that helped reinforce the process to determine the error sources and types. Also a unit of temperature sensor circuit provided compensation for sensor characteristics deviation during operation. Data were acquired at 250 Hz using a TI MSP430 microprocessor from multiple types of the sensors. This sampling rate was considered fast enough for real yield data so that near white noise components could be cancelled out by moving-average. Processed error magnitudes of less than 20g could be obtained for 10Kg experimental loads.


Executive administrative hearing is a relative to protect the right to defend themselves the most important and critical process systems. Hearing is the core of the modern system of administrative procedure law, is a relative to participate in an important form of administrative procedures. Administrative hearing procedures to protect the relative rights has played a positive role, but China's administrative hearing procedures still need further improvement.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the technological level and productive performance of the milk producing units of the municipality of Rondon do Pará in the state of Pará. Data were collected through interviews with questionnaires, conducted at 55 dairy farms, which accounted for 43.3% of the milked cows in the municipality. The factors that characterize the systems of bovine milk production were estimated by means of factorial analysis using 12 variables representative of the production units surveyed. Five factors were extracted: F1 = size of the enterprise; F2 = environment and nutrition; F3 = technical assistance and herd management; F4 = animal health; F5 = schooling. From the scores associated with each factor, the index for productive performance of dairy cattle (DFPI) was calculated. The properties were classified into three levels of productive performance, including two considered to have a high level of DFPI, 16 with intermediate productive performance and 37 considered to have a low level of DFPI. There is a need to adopt technologies that promote the productive performance of dairy cattle in Rondon do Pará, as well as enable adaptation to socio-environmental public policies, with the aim of strengthening sustainable rural production through strategic actions that facilitate an increased technological level in farming systems production.


Built-in self-test (BIST) is an effective approach for testing large and complex circuits. When BIST is used, a test pattern generator (TPG), a test response verifier and a BIST controller accompany the circuit under test (CUT) in the chip, creating a self-testable circuit. In this paper we propose a new algorithm for seeds selection in LFSR (linear feedback shift register) based test-per-clock BIST. The proposed algorithm uses the well-known concept of solving systems of linear equations and, based on heuristics, minimizes the number of seeds and test vectors while achieving 100% fault coverage. Experimental results indicate that it compares favorably to the other known techniques.


In a recent paper, we introduced a new way of treating systems of compounded angular momentum. We obtained the probability amplitudes for measurements on the systems and used these to derive the matrix treatment of compounded spin. However, the matrix forms are in 3- and 4- dimensional space and are therefore entirely different from the standard forms. This raises the question of the connection between these forms and the standard forms. In this paper, we answer this question. We not only derive the standard matrix treatment of spin addition - we discover a more generalized form of the theory. We apply the new generalized theory to the singlet and triplet states arising from the addition of the spins of two systems of spin 1/2 each. We obtain new generalized forms of the vectors and operators for these cases, and show that they reduce to the standard forms in the appropriate limit.


This thesis builds on the bachelor thesis and deals with the issue of bullying. Is focuses on issues of modern types of bullying, such as cyber bullying and stalking. The main topic summarises conflicts, bullying, the aggressor, victim and the prevention of these phenomena. The practical part comprises of the quantitative research. The method which was used was semantic differential via the questionnaire. The respondents are random users of social networks and communication portals. The goal of the thesis is to analyse how people perceive different terms which are related to the theme of bullying.


Recent advances in differentiable rendering have sparked an interest in learning generative models of textured 3D meshes from image collections. These models natively disentangle pose and appearance, enable downstream applications in computer graphics, and improve the ability of generative models to understand the concept of image formation. Although there has been prior work on learning such models from collections of 2D images, these approaches require a delicate pose estimation step that exploits annotated keypoints, thereby restricting their applicability to a few specific datasets. In this work, we propose a GAN framework for generating textured triangle meshes without relying on such annotations. We show that the performance of our approach is on par with prior work that relies on ground-truth keypoints, and more importantly, we demonstrate the generality of our method by setting new baselines on a larger set of categories from ImageNet–for which keypoints are not available–without any class-specific hyperparameter tuning. We release our code at https://github.com/dariopavllo/textured-3d-gan


This thesis proposes a method of extracting pattern attributes of flight data based on rough set theory, which is aimed to solve thedifficulty in constructing knowledge base using the expert system. The method uses self-organizing map to get the discrete attributes first, thensimplifies the information through genetic algorithm, and finally uses prior knowledge of domain experts to process the simplified information.Results of experiment prove the feasibility of this method.


The present invention relates to a magnetic wheel cutting machine, particularly relates to a multi-directional light arc cutting sheet flexible cutting tracks. Lightweight flexible cutting track, characterized in that: it consists of a single 1-50 track and two track start pallet composed of a single magnetic track by the track body, the rail butt joint means composed of a single track with a single magnetic track mating ; butt rail butt joint abutting means male and female aluminum aluminum rails are connected to the left and right ends of the body, the recess of the aluminum plate abutting concave and convex abutment at respective outwardly projecting aluminum; pallets by two track start bolts are fixed at the two ends of a steel sheet to be cut, a single tracks 1-50 is placed between two pallet track start. The present invention is a low cost, for a variety of multi-directional cutting arc, high precision, simple display debugging, easy to operate.


Two hybrids derived from BNS male sterile line and Bainongaikang 58(control) were used to analyze flour properties produced from different milling streams.The results indicated that the flour properties produced from different milling streams differed significantly.The break flour had little ash,while it had the highest value on whiteness,dry and wet gluten,stability time,peak viscosity,final viscosity and setback.In reduction milling system,the content of protein,ash,damaged starch,water absorption,development time,degree of softening all increased with the number increase of milling stream,while whiteness value,dry and wet gluten,stability time,peak viscosity,trough viscosity,breakdown,final viscosity,and setback all reduced with the number increase of milling stream.In the same milling stream,the flour of different varieties had significant difference.The general trend in the variations of flour properties produced from different milling streams was similar for hybrid wheat and conventional wheat.


Treatment of the unsaturated triosmium cluster Os3(µ-H)(CO)8{µ-Ph2PCH2P(Ph)C 6H4} with diphenylacetylene leads to the formation of Os3(CO)7(PhCCPh)(Ph2PPh2), in which the alkyne ligand is bonded in a µ3-η2(⊥) mode, as shown by an X-ray crystal structure determination.


This study offers brief soundings into the exploitation of sport by the Greek dictatorial regimes, both the interwar dictatorship of 1936–1941 and the military regime of 1967–1974. During those eras, sport provided templates of competition and combat. The most recent dictatorship showcased sport along with a 'canon' of historical re-enactments in massive open-air spectacles, which deserve further attention. The strongmen of both regimes saw, in addition to communist threats, signs of decay in Greek society, and they insisted on military-style discipline and orderliness. How then did their regimes approach sport? Or rather, how did they manage to convey persuasive images of sport and of the political propaganda behind it? This article addresses the above questions and reconstructs the dictators' excessive acts of stage-managing a mass theatre of indoctrination through athletic events, military displays and historical re-enactments. I argue that Greek dictatorial regimes allocated an important role to sport and bodily culture to shore up their nationalist 'mission' and that, as a result, they militarized and politicized the field. The essay pays brief attention also to the realm of pedagogy, because those regimes wanted school instruction and discipline training to be conducted in a 'patriotic' and militaristic fashion.


The problem: To cut large lots of synthetic materials economically without leaving frayed or jagged edges. A prior method used a conventional knife blade that was usually heated by an external source as frequently as clean, unfrayed cutting required. This was time-consuming when cutting large lots and placed a premium on operator skill. The solution: A modified soldering iron that features a constant heat source in intimate contact with a cutting blade.


Research was performed in the laboratories of Nobel Laureate Dr. Robert Grubbs, (Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005) at CALTECH during the Spring 2016. Rivas successfully completed the goal of becoming familiar with olefin metathesis reactions using Ru-based catalysts. Rivas is now better prepared to continue developing his research expertise with a new emphasis on the use of olefin metathesis reactions for the synthesis of molecules with biological activity. Rivas performed olefin metathesis on a model substrate that is similar to those found in peptides as proposed in the original sabbatical request. The model system was synthesized by Rivas according to established procedures which exposed Rivas to new synthetic methods. Once the model system was synthesized various Z-selective olefin metathesis catalysts were explored for the generation of Z-alkenes. The goal of studying the Z-selective catalysts became the research focus and it required most of the time available for the sabbatical. Studying olefin metathesis with Ru-based catalysts in the laboratory of Dr. Grubbs exposed Rivas to firsthand experience with this important reaction. The study of the proposed system revealed that the steric environment next to the alkene has a significant impact on the outcome of the reaction. It was discovered that the Z-selective catalysts are less reactive and therefore yielded no product or low yield on the selected model system. Consequently, our approach to the synthesis of the desired molecules such as 4 (Figure 1) will require a modified cross metathesis or ring closing metathesis instead of homo-coupling (metathesis with two of the same molecules).


Objective To observe the relationship betweenthrornbin and apoptosis of cerebral cells. whether the application of huridin, a thrombotic inhibitor, and calcium-ion antagonist (Nimodipine ) would alleviate the injury of the thrombin to the cerebral cells, and whether there exists (or may win ) an effective therapeutic time. Method To inject different doses of the thrombin into caudatus nucleus of SD rats to establish a model, through the approach of HE and TUNEL and electron microscope to observe the process of cell apoptosis. Large SD rats were divided randomly into 6 groups: (1 )saline group, (2)small dose of thrombin group (IU ), (3)large dose of thrombin group (5U ) , (4)Small dose of thrombin (IU) + small dose of huridin (IU) group, (3)large dose thrombin (5U) + large dose of huridin (5U ) group, (6)Nimodipine group. Each group and each time phase (4h. 24h, 48h, 3d and 7d) included 5 rats respectively. Result The number of brain cell apoptosis of the group of large close of thrombin compared with that of any other groups.: /JCO. 01. The group of Nimodipine compared with the any other groups; P0. 05,the large dose of thrombin group compared with that of Nimodipine group, P0.05. Conclusion Large dose of thrombin may result in apoptosis of the neural cells in an early stage (4h) and the peak time occurs at 24~48h and lasts for more than one week, while small dos? of thrombin dose not show this change. Huridin may specifically inhibit such effect of thrombin and Nimodipine. The calcium-ion antagonist may decrease or delay the occurrence A the brain cell apoptosis.


The invention relates to a secure, tamper- and forgery-proof peripheral for the storage of authenticated, dated computer data with an evidential value. The invention is based on an optionally-rewritable, fully-integrated storage peripheral which is functionally protected by an electronic system which only authorises the addition of data in the unused free space and prohibits the deletion, alteration or overwriting of pre-recorded data. At the end of each file-write operation, the date, which is provided by a non-modifiable internal clock that is calibrated only at the time of production, is associated therewith. Each device comprises a unique integrated secret internal digital identifier which is associated with a unique public identifier and said identifiers are used to personalise the device and render same unreproducible. The aforementioned association can be verified using several third methods which never divulge the secret internal identifier. According to the invention, a physical and electronic peripheral protection system activates, incorporates and protects the assembly of above-mentioned internal elements and destroys the unique internal identifiers in the event of an attempted intrusion, compromise, corruption or internal analysis. For said purpose, the authenticity of the equipment assembly is invalidated and, consequently, so too are the stored data which nonetheless remain readable. The inventive device is particularly suitable for the private storage and archiving of computer data having an authentic, juridical and/or legal weight of evidence in respect of official authorities. Moreover, said device uses no heavy cryptography methods.


DOI: 10.15580/GJAS.2018.5.042418063 The study investigated the perception and adaptation of arable crop farmers to climate change in Ondo State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select one hundred and twenty-eight respondents for the study. Structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data for the study while descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage), 5-point Likert type scale and Logistic regression model were used for data analysis. The results of the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents showed that, the mean age was 42.6 years, male accounted for 65.3%, married were 52.4% with mean household size of 7.0 members per household and respondents with primary education was represented by 50.5%. Furthermore, the arable crop farmers that indicated their awareness about climate change accounted for 56.8% while the mean score from the Likert scale revealed that, climate change leads to variability in agriculture production (M = 3.78), influences food insecurity (M = 4.58), affects livestock production (M = 4.53), influences rainfall and temperature extremes (M = 4.64), among others. The result of the logistic regression model showed the significant factors which influenced climate change adaptation included; age (p<0.05), education (p<0.05), years of experience (p<0.05), access to credit (p< 0.01), among others. Climate change affects arable crop production due to the fact that it is climate dependent. Climate change pattern such as; increased intensity and frequency of extreme temperature impact negatively on food production, environment and the population that depend on it for food security. It was recommended that arable crop farmers should be trained on climate change adaptation and be given access to credit for the adoption of technologies to cope with climate change. Submitted: 24/04/2018 Accepted: 27/04/2018 Published: 28/05/2018


Scheduling plays a significant role in parallel computing environment to assign resources to end users. Various scheduling techniques have been designed in the literature to schedule jobs in parallel environment. However, these techniques suffer from various issues such as stuck in local optima, not support deadline constraint, poor convergence speed etc. Therefore, in this paper a novel deadline constraint aware Multi-objective dragonfly optimization is proposed. Makespan and flowtime are used to design multi-objective fitness function. Extensive experiments are done by tuning the various parameters of proposed technique. Experimental analysis reveals that the proposed technique performs better than existing job scheduling strategies.


Received July 1983; revised July 1984; accepted July 1984 Funding for this research was provided jointly by the National Science Foundation's Ecosystem Program under Interagency Agreement DEB-8115316 with the Ecological Science Division and the Mathematics Development Program in Techmcal Applications, Computer Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Author's present address: Department of Computer Sciences, North Texas State University, P.O. Box 13886, Denton, TX 76203. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or &stributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or specific permission. © 1984 0098-3500/84/1200-0437 $00.75


In May of this year -just as it was becoming clear that U.S. Congressional opposition would postpone the consideration of the U.S.-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) until after the November elections -the Bush Administration began negotiating a free-trade agreement with Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. The Bolivian government, which is currently attending the talks as an observer, could also formally join at some point in the future. While the negotiations are being held in secret, all indications are that this accord would extend many of the most problematic aspects of NAFTA, the proposed Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) and CAFTA to the Andean countries. These provisions could have a devastating impact on the region, particularly in light of the environmental, political, human-rights and economic conditions in the four countries.


1. A method for diagnosing diseases associated with gluten comprising taking a sample from the subject and determining the presence of enterovirus in the sample, wherein the presence of enterovirus indicates said diseases. ! 2. The method of claim 1, comprising determining the enterovirus components in the sample. ! 3. The method of claim 2, wherein said component is a protein, peptide or nucleic acid. ! 4. The method of claim 1, comprising determining the enterovirus immunohistochemically. ! 5. The method of claim 1, comprising determining the enterovirus by hybridization in situ. ! 6. The method of claim 1, comprising determining the enterovirus by means of RT-PCR reactions. ! 7. The method of claim 1, comprising determining the enterovirus by NASBA, or by detection of the virus in cell culture. ! 8. Use of enterovirus or its component or an antibody against said virus or component for producing a vaccine against diseases associated with gluten. !9. Use according to claim 8, wherein the vaccine comprises different combinations of enterovirus, its components or antibodies against the virus or a component of said simultaneous administration or administration at different times. ! 10. A method of monitoring the treatment of diseases associated with gluten comprising taking one or more biological samples from a subject who is being treated, and determining the presence of enterovirus in the sample, wherein the absence or reduction of enterovirus indicates that the treatment is effective. ! 11. Use of an anti-enterovirus composition for the preparation of a medicament against diseases associated with gluten or for the prevention of said disease. ! 12. The method leche


Thiele, K.R. Three new species of Hibbertia (Dilleniaceae) from Western Australia. Nuytsia 19(2): 283–293 (2009). Three new species, Hibbertia leucocrossa K.R.Thiele, H. fasciculiflora K.R.Thiele and H. propinqua K.R.Thiele are described as new. All taxa occur north of Perth in the Lesueur Sandplains subregion of the Geraldton Sandplains bioregion in the South West Botanical Province, Western Australia. A revision of a key to the Hibbertia species of Western Australia is provided. Introduction Hibbertia Andrews comprises c. 112 taxa in Western Australia. The great majority of species occur in the South West Botanical Province, with smaller numbers in the Eremaean and Northern Botanical Provinces. Traditionally, Hibbertia has been divided into up to seven sections, principally on the basis of androecial arrangement, particularly the symmetry of the androecium, freedom or connation of staminal filaments, and presence or absence and distribution of staminodes. Horn (2005), following a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear and chloroplast genomes, demonstrated that these prior classifications are poor representations of phylogeny. He divided Hibbertia into two wellsupported subgenera, subgen. Hemistemma (Thouars) Horn and subgen. Hibbertia (Horn, 2009). All taxa in subgen. Hibbertia have an actinomorphic androecium (i.e. with stamens arranged all around the carpels), but subgen. Hemistemma includes clades with varied androecial arrangements including both actinomorphy and zygomorphy (i.e. with stamens all on one side of the carpels); these conditions appear to have arisen several times independently. Taxa which have stamens fused into bundles comprise a single, well-supported clade within subgen. Hibbertia. In addition to staminal arrangements, Horn (2005, 2009) showed that leaf morphology and indumentum are also phylogenetically informative. All taxa with ericoid, needle-like leaves in which the leaf margin is consistently strongly revolute to the midrib, thus hiding the undersurface, are in subgenus Hemistemma. In contrast, subgen. Hibbertia mostly comprises taxa with leaves that have flat or slightly recurved margins that leave the undersurface exposed. 578 thiele.indd 283 9/11/2009 1:12:13 PM 284 Nuytsia Vol. 19(2) (2009) The most recent complete revision of Hibbertia was that of Bentham (1863). A number of eastern Australian species complexes have been revised by Toelken (1995, 1998, 2000). Wheeler (2002a,b,c,d; 2004a,b) has described many new taxa from Western Australia, while Wheeler (2004c) provided a key to all Western Australian taxa known at that time. A number of potentially new Western Australian taxa within Hibbertia are currently known only by phrase names, mostly recognised by Wheeler while curating material at the Western Australian Herbarium. The present paper formally describes taxa segregated by Wheeler under the phrase names H. sp. Tathra (M.A. Langley & J.M. Harvey 1873) and H. sp. Warradarge (M. Hislop 1933). Close investigation of the former taxon for this paper showed that it comprises two closely related taxa. All taxa in this paper occur north of Perth between Eneabba and the Moore River, in the Lesueur Sandplains subregion of the Geraldton Sandplains bioregion in the South West Botanical Province. Taxonomy Hibbertia leucocrossa K.R.Thiele, sp. nov. Hibbertiae desmophyllae affinis sed foliis dispersis grandioribus glabrescentiis, sepalis ciliatis differt. Typus: junction of Brand Highway and Coorow – Green Head Road East, Western Australia, 30° 03' 21'' S, 115° 19' 47'' E, 1 December 2008, K.R. Thiele 3705 (holo: PERTH 08034893; iso: AD, CANB, K). Hibbertia sp. Warradarge (M. Hislop 1933), Western Australian Herbarium, in FloraBase, http:// florabase.dec.wa.gov.au [accessed October 2009]. Spreading to ± erect, multi-stemmed shrub to 30(–50) cm high, abundantly suckering from the rootstock, with papery bark exfoliating in narrow strips; young stems ± cylindrical, cobwebbed with dense, white, appressed to ± spreading, curled to crisped, simple hairs; older stems glabrescent. Leaves erect to spreading, scattered, sessile, green or glaucous, narrowly obovate often appearing linear, 20–30(–40) mm long, (0.8–)2–3(–4) mm wide, sparsely hairy with simple, white, curled or crisped hairs on both surfaces when young soon becoming glabrous except for a fringe of white, marginal hairs at the base; margins narrowly revolute, not obscuring the abaxial surface in broad leaves, meeting below and obscuring both the abaxial surface and the midrib in narrow leaves particularly when dry; base slightly expanded but not stem-clasping; apex obtuse, rarely subacute, straight. Flowers solitary, sparse, terminating branches and short lateral shoots, ± sessile; primary bract scarious, narrowly triangular-acuminate, 3–4 mm long, c. 1 mm broad, acute, glabrous to sparsely pilose adaxially and abaxially, long-ciliate on the margin, ± basal on the peduncle (if present); accessory bracts absent. Sepals 5; outer sepals ovate, attenuate and thickened at the apex but not pungent, (6–)8–9(–10) mm long, ± glabrous to moderately pubescent with appressed to ± spreading, curled to crisped, white, simple hairs denser on the margins and forming a ciliate fringe; midrib ribbed but not prominently so; inner sepals similar to the outer but with sparser indumentum. Petals 5, yellow, obovate, 10–12 mm long, emarginate. Stamens 15–21, in 5 bundles each with 2–6 connate stamens (sometimes with one stamen in the bundle not connate); filaments c. 2 mm long; anthers oblong-obovoid, 1.5–2.0 mm long, dehiscing by longitudinal slits; staminodes absent. Carpels 3, compressed-globular, glabrous; styles lateral at apex and spreading, c. 2.5–3.0 mm long. Ovule 1 per carpel. Fruiting carpels not seen. (Figure 1) 578 thiele.indd 284 9/11/2009 1:12:13 PM 285 K.R. Thiele, Three new species of Hibbertia Figure 1. Holotype of Hibbertia leucocrossa. Scale bar = 5 cm. 578 thiele.indd 285 9/11/2009 1:12:21 PM 286 Nuytsia Vol. 19(2) (2009) Other specimens examined (all PERTH). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: layby off Brand Highway, 4 km S of Green Head turnoff, 27 May 1997, R. Davis 3224; Hill [?] km NE of Mount Lesueur, NE of Jurien, 17 Nov. 1979, E.A. Griffin 2530; Brand Hwy, near low voltage powerline, N of Tootbardi Rd, NE of Jurien, 1 Dec. 1992, E.A. Griffin 8007; E side Banovich Rd 1200 m from junction with Jurien East Rd, 8 Feb. 2006, M. Hayes 461; in large block of renmnant vegetation in private farmland (Breakaway, J. & J. Browne) off Green Head–Coorow road, c. 3 km W of Brand Highway, 28 Oct. 1995, M. Hislop 222; large block of remnant vegetation (SE boundary) on private farmland (Breakaway, J. & J. Browne) adjacent Brand Highway, c. 2 km S of junction of Coorow–Green Head road, 29 June 1997, M. Hislop 783; Hi Vallee property (D. & J. Williams), Warradarge, above NW head of main valley, 23 Oct. 1999, M. Hislop 1747; Hi Vallee property (D. & J. Williams), Warradarge, upland to N of main valley, 6 Dec. 1999, M. Hislop 1933; c. 500 m S of Woolmulla Road on Grover Road, c. 36 km NNE of Jurien, 20 Jan. 1996, B.J. Lepschi & T.R. Lally 2453; near E border of Nambung National Park, region of Mullering Brook, 29 Nov. 1974, R. Pullen 9723. Distribution. Occurs in the vicinity of Warradarge Hill, on the Gairdner Range and north-east of Green Head in the Geraldton Sandplains IBRA Bioregion (Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 2008) (Figure 2). Figure 2. Distribution of Hibbertia leucocrossa (), H. fasciculiflora () and H. propinqua (). Shaded lines show the boundaries of IBRA6.1 subregions (Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts 2008); all specimens are within Geraldton Sandplains subregion GS2, the Lesueur Sandplain. 578 thiele.indd 286 9/11/2009 1:12:21 PM 287 K.R. Thiele, Three new species of Hibbertia Habitat. Recorded from low, open woodland over heath, dominated by Eucalyptus todtiana, E. gomphocephala, and/or Banksia spp., on grey to white sand over laterite. Phenology. Appears to flower sporadically throughout the year, probably in response to rainfall, with a peak in spring and summer (October to February). Conservation status. Although of relatively restricted distribution (range c. 75 km × 20 km) the species appears to be common and occurs in several Nature Reserves and National Parks including Lesueur National Park and Coomallo Nature Reserve. The suckering/resprouting habit allows it to regrow quickly after disturbance, and it sometimes occurs abundantly along road verges where it is occasionally graded. Etymology. From the Greek leukos, white, and krossos, a fringe, in reference to the distinctive fringe of white, cobwebby hairs at the leaf basal margins. Affinities. The presence of connate staminal filaments places Hibbertia leucocrossa in subgen. Hibbertia. It appears to be closely related to H. desmophylla (Benth.) F.Muell., a species distributed from Kalbarri National Park to near the Moore River (and hence sympatric with it). H. desmophylla differs from H. leucocrossa in having generally smaller, more or less distinctly fascicled leaves which retain an indumentum of crisped, simple, white hairs to maturity, and sepals which lack a ciliate fringe. Hibbertia leucocrossa is also similar to an undescribed taxon known by the phrase name H. sp. Gnangara (J.R.Wheeler 2329), which differs in having distinctly fasciculate leaves which have a more persistent indumentum, abundantly pilose sepals, and broad, pale, papery bracts subtending the flowers. Hibbertia fasciculiflora K.R. Thiele, sp. nov. Species propria foliis ad extremitates surculorum valde fasciculatis, floribus e pedunculis longis glabris inter verticillum foliorum exorientiis. Typus: Tathra National Park, c. 1.8 km south of the Eneabba – Carnamah Road, c. 200 m west of Garibaldi Road, Western Australia, 29° 49' 06'' S, 115° 31' 16'' E, 20 September 2008, K.R. Thiele 3689 (holo: PERTH 07915098; iso: AD, CANB, K). Hibbertia sp. Tathra (M.A.


In this paper, we are exploring the presupposition triggered by iterative verbs in the Serbian language. Our goal is to test presuppositions of iterative verbs in Serbian language, hence to check their similarity with iterative verbs in other languages and to classify them as hard or soft presupposition triggers. The main reason for this research comes from different perspectives on the phenomenon of presupposition and lack of papers in the Serbian language on the theme. We have tested ten verbs: vratiti, ponoviti, povratiti, kuckati, javljati se, lupkati, pribojavati se, došaptavati, ručavati and viđati. They have been compared using the neoreichenbachian model. We have used the corpus method and qualitative analysis. The research has shown that there is a need to differ repetitive verbs, which presuppose "the event has been realized at least once before", from iterative verbs, which presuppose "the event has been realized at least twice before". The difference between these groups of verbs is shown at the neoreichenbachian timeline: in the case of repetitive verbs the presupposition is left from the time of realisation and in the case of iterative verbs the presupposition is located inside that time. We have shown that each of the analised presuppositions remains after changing context, which is why we classifed them as hard triggers.


In this paper, a hybrid method of curve RWG basis function (CRWG) and adaptively modified characteristic basis function method (AMCBFM) is proposed for the method-of-moments (MoM) solution of integral equations for three-dimensional (3-D) electromagnetic (EM) problems. Numerical results show that the CRWG-AMCBFM solves the real problems accurately and can save more RAM storage and CPU time than conventional methods.


Summary A connection is established between the Poisson-Exponential model and the Non-central Chi-squared distribution. This provides an alternative numerical method of calculating the distribution of aggregate claims and the distribution of the stop-loss reinsurance premium. A connection between this model and some recent work in the theory of option pricing is pointed out.


A three-dimensional reinforced concrete (RC) deteriorating beam finite element for nonlinear analysis of concrete structures under corrosion is presented in this study. The finite element formulation accounts for both material and geometrical nonlinearity. Damage modelling considers uniform and pitting corrosion and includes the reduction of cross-sectional area of corroded bars, the reduction of ductility of reinforcing steel and the deterioration of concrete strength due to splitting cracks, delamination and spalling of the concrete cover. The beam finite element is validated with reference to the results of experimental tests carried out on RC beams with corroded reinforcement. The application potentialities of the proposed formulation are shown through the finite element analysis of a statically indeterminate RC beam and a three-dimensional RC arch bridge under different damage scenarios and corrosion penetration levels. The results indicate that the design for durability of concrete structures exposed to corrosion needs to rely on structural analysis methods capable to account for the global effects of local damage phenomena on the overall system performance.


In the context of MRI research in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, reduction of hippocampal volume represents a well-established hallmark of the disease, as well as a consistent finding in late mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a condition that may increase one's risk of developing dementia. At the present time, volumetric MRI measurements are widely available in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, especially compared to other MRIderived metrics. Despite this, however, such measurements have not yet demonstrated enough accuracy to be considered predictive biomarkers of AD. Indeed, predictive biomarkers are particularly crucial during the enrollment in clinical trials, as they provide information regarding individuals at high risk of AD (i.e., subjects with mild or absent symptoms of AD in the beginning, who are more likely to develop the disease during the course of the trial). According to the World Health Organization registry, drugs currently being developed for AD are far less in number, compared to medications targeting other widespread diseases, such as malignant neoplasms and diabetes. Among the factors that drive this difference in the number of drugs, there is the limited availability of biomarkers, not to mention the higher risk of failure of AD drug development programs (99.6% in Phase 3 trials, as of 2012). Across Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials, volumetric MRI measurements represent the third most frequently used endpoint, following cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measurements of amyloid and tau protein concentration. However, MRI exams are surely less invasive than the lumbar punctures needed to collect CSF samples. In the light of these considerations, it appears clear that there is still space to investigate the predictive power of MRI metrics for identifying individuals at high risk of developing AD. In particular, volumetric measurements could be coupled with data from additional MRI modalities, to provide a multilevel picture of the changes affecting brain structure and function in this disease. The article by Zhang et al, featured in this issue of the Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, addresses a very wellposed question on the utility of multimodality: does the presence of risk factors for developing AD affect the dynamic balance between segregation and integration in the brain through synaptic neuromodulation? To test their hypotheses, the authors investigated individuals carrying the most important genetic risk factor for AD, the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (ApoE4). In fact, depending on the homozygous or heterozygous status, ApoE4 carriers are 3–4 to 8–12 times more likely to develop AD, respectively. The authors report in their paper that there is yet no study on ApoE4 isoforms focused on evaluating both glutamatergic concentration changes in hippocampal regions (by magnetic resonance spectroscopy [MRS]) and the topological organization of brain networks (using graph analysis on whole-brain resting state functional MRI [rs-fMRI]). To pursue their aim, they used graph-theorybased local and global properties of whole-brain topography and the combination of glutamate and glutamine concentrations (Glx) in bilateral hippocampi. Results showed how the coupling of MRS and rs-fMRI graph metrics could provide precious advances in understanding the effects of ADrelated genetic factors on synaptic function. Very interestingly, in addition to the expected differences between ApoE4 carriers and noncarriers, mainly concerning local segregation and global integration, correlations between absolute concentrations of CSF-corrected Glx and graph metrics of several brain regions were found in the ApoE4 carriers, but not in the noncarriers. In particular, significant correlations were found between Glx concentration in left hippocampus and the clustering coefficient and characteristic path length of frontotemporal and frontoparietal


Capacities of doors, staircases and other bottle-necks are a key aspect in the design of infrastructures for public transport. Especially major events like soccer games and concerts may lead to large crowds which need to be accommodated, while at the same time potential safety hazards like overcrowding must be avoided. The bottleneck capacities limit the capacities of the whole system and control the potential of high crowd densities on critical elements such as the platforms. We present an approach to estimate the maximum and effective capacity of key bottleneck elements based on controlled experiments and real world data sets of pedestrian movements for a subway station next to the main soccer stadium in Vienna. The focus is the fundamental diagram revealing both the maximal capacity as well as the effective capacity in terms of pedestrian flow rates. We present two controlled experiments and results based on real world data obtained during the European Soccer Championship (UEFA EURO 2008trade).


This chapter considers what the Pauline epistles reveal about the nature of the Pauline churches and to this end looks at a range of issues: their genus; their formation; their composition; how Paul configures their identity; their leadership structure; their rituals; their meetings; the kinds of places in which they met. The discussion reflects the state of contemporary scholarship on the Pauline communities, but it also seeks to make a fresh contribution to the subject. A critique of the now dominant 'house-church' reconstruction of the Pauline congregations is offered, and a more diversified picture is proposed.


City-friendliness evaluation index for the lower limb disabled(LLD) was established to evaluate the convenience level of public accessibility facilities to a certain position in Wuchang District of Wuhan City. The overall situation and partial levels and the spatial pattern of the city-friendliness of LLD were revealed, by using Moran's index, Moran scatter plot, and LISA. Referring to location quotient evaluation indicator, the degree on spatial patterns cluster of certain accessibility facility for social services were calculated. The results indicated that the values of city-friendliness for the LLD in Wuchang are spatially aggregated. The results also showed that the cluster is generally centered at the old city region, near the edge of which the friendliness values descend radically, and displays an imbalance between the distribution of facilities and population. These conclusions are of great significances in studying the spatial distribution of accessibility facilities, as well as the spatial pattern of city-friendliness and its cause, which may lay foundations for urban planning or related policy decisions.


Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between anthropometric, physical, technique components and three agility tasks; planned (PAT), unplanned (UNAT) and unplanned soccer specific reactive agility test (USRAT). Eighteen sub-elite soccer players (age 18±1.28 years) attended to the this study. Material and Methods: Anthropometric measurements, linear sprint speed tests (10m static sprint, flying 20m sprint), leg muscle strength tests (depth jump, isokinetic strength test), and running technique tests (zig-zag test) were performed. Planned agility, unplanned agility and agility with one unplanned change of direction with dribbling were used to evaluate agility performances. To investigate the relationship between PAT, UNAT, USRAT and anthropometric, physical, technique components; Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis were used depending on normal distribution. Results: Static 10m sprint and PAT showed a statistically significant correlation (r=0.604). UNAT was significantly correlated to flying 20 m test (r=0.513). None of drop jumps components had significant correlations with the agility tests (p>0,05). Moreover, USRAT showed statistically significant correlation (r=-0.502), (p<0.05) with the number of steps taken at the turn movement and no significant relationship with isokinetic variables (p>0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, if a soccer-specific task is involved in an agility test, it may be reported that the performance is most likely to be affected by player's technical skill. Moreover, the results of running technique analysis indicate that to be better at agility task players have to be better at making decisions instead of getting closer to the ground at the turning movement.


The effects of the plasma etching process induced gate oxide damages on device's low frequency noise behavior are investigated on MOSFET's fabricated with different field plate perimeter to gate area ratio antennas. Abnormal 1/f noise spectrum with a shoulder centered in the frequency range of 100 and to 1 kHz was frequently observed in small geometry devices, and it is attributable to a nonuniform distribution of oxide traps induced by plasma etching process.<<ETX>>


The system of death sentence with two-year reprieve reflects China's characteristics while is not effective in limiting the actual application of death sentences.Its name falling short of the reality brings about many misadvantages,so it's rather better be abandoned than be modified,which embodies the reasonable deduction of legal logics as well as accurate understanding of political languages.


Abstract Several sufficient conditions which guarantee robust stability of uncertain time-delay systems under dynamic output feedback with a class of series nonlinearities are derived in the time domain. Each of these results is expressed by a succinct delay-dependent scalar inequality and corresponds to a certain extent to the trade-off between simplicity and sharpness.


The experiments described in this article show that the greatest seedling injury occurs under conditions that are unfavourable to the host, i.e., high temperature and excessive moisture or low temperature and scant moisture; that the greatest recovery takes place at 15 to 18 °C. in moist soil. They further show that packing and fertilization of the soil increase the amount of infection, though fertilization may increase the dry weight of the seedlings; that the microflora of the soil has little influence upon the seed-borne parasite; that reduction of the oxygen content of a nutrient solution and of soil from 21% to 10% depresses the growth of the seedlings and the amount of infection; that the addition of 1% of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere of soil increases the amount of seedling infection. From these results the conclusion is drawn that barley that is infected with H. sativum should be sown in cool, moist, well aerated soil.


The purpose of this technical project is to develop an automatic irrigation monitoring and control system in the community of Paquiestancia, using wireless communication in order to obtain the data in real time at any time and from any place through a web portal. A preliminary study was carried out to establish the humidity values from the levels detected in the pasture crop, an electronic system was designed and implemented to acquire and send data to the cloud, the system consists of a set of Watermark 200ss moisture sensors and a base station that receives the voltage outputs of each sensor, with a wireless module, the appropriate data is sent, which is displayed in a web portal with time, date and characteristic curve of the average humidity level, being a dependent irrigation control the solenoid valve is activated from humidity. In addition, adequate control was implemented to keep the humidity variable within predetermined ranges for pasture cultivation, the system is equipped with renewable energy with two 25 w solar panels connected in series that charge two batteries of 12 VDC – 20 AH.
In this way, the efficiency of water use is contributed according to the soil moisture levels, allowing to improve the irrigation system. Allowing to obtain a history about the physical medium that is being monitored.


An algorithm that derives a linear program for an ordinary differential equation is presented, of which a feasible solution defines a continuous piecewise affine linear Lyapunov function for the differential equation. The linear program can be generated for an arbitrary region containing an equilibrium of the differential equation. The domain of the Lyapunov function is the region used in the generation of the linear program. The Lyapunov function secures the asymptotic stability of the equilibrium and gives a lower bound on its region of attraction.


Whole-lake, low-dose applications of fluridone herbicide are often used to control infestations of Eurasian watermilfoil ( Myriophyllum spicatum L.). Studies in mesotrophic lakes have documented temporary reductions in Eurasian watermilfoil with little effect on native macrophytes and water quality. Less is known regarding the effects of low-dose fluridone (1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4(1 H )pyridinone) applications in eutrophic lakes. Therefore, we studied the effects of a low-dose fluridone treatment (approx. 6 ppb) on macrophytes and water clarity in a eutrophic Minnesota lake dominated by Eurasian watermilfoil and coontail ( Ceratophyllum demersum L.). We estimated the frequency of occurrence of macrophyte species in the treatment lake and one untreated reference lake one year before, the year of, and for two years following treatment. We also mapped vegetation biovolume (percent of water column occupied by vegetation) with hydroacoustics just prior to and for two years following the fluridone treatment. Shortly after the treatment, the frequency of Eurasian watermilfoil declined to zero and remained at zero through the last survey. Nevertheless, Eurasian watermilfoil returned at 12% frequency during surveys one year after our study was completed (three years post-treatment). Mean percent biovolume also declined dramatically following treatment and remained low through the last survey. Secchi transparencies in Schutz Lake declined modestly following treatment. Plant frequency and percent biovolume varied over a smaller range in the reference lake. We conclude low-dose fluridone applications in infested, species-depauperate eutrophic lakes can kill large amounts of submersed vegetation that in turn, may negatively affect water clarity and recovery of native plants.


An estimated 70% of all deaths globally are due to chronic illnesses, and most of these deaths are preventable. Thus, it has been a priority in preventive medicine and public health to enhance long-term risk assessments to identify at-risk individuals so that they can receive interventions that prevent or delay diseases. Young adults tend to discount the risk of many health conditions that occur later in life (e.g., arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, dementia), since the likelihood of developing these conditions seems so small and far away, especially for young adults in good health (see the literature on psychological hyperbolic discounting; Critchfield & Kollins, 2001). In the United States of America (USA), for instance, most people have relatively low-risk for cardiovascular diseases in the shortterm, but will eventually become high-risk with age in the long run (Marma et al., 2009), requiring more aggressive interventions that may have been avoided had earlier action been taken. A life course perspective (see seminal work of Elder, 1998; Elder et al., 1996; also see discussion of stress across the lifecourse by Pearlin et al., 2005) allows us to see that risk factors can accumulate over time, that health behaviors can begin in childhood and adolescence (e.g., unhealthy diet, smoking, sedentary living), and that environmental exposures can be particularly impactful during sensitive periods of development (several informative studies along these lines include: Bechtold et al., 2016; Croft et al., 2019; Frodl & O'Keane, 2013; Power et al., 1999; Stilo et al., 2016). Therefore, it is imperative to address modifiable risk factors as early as possible, especially since short-term prediction leaves little time for preventive interventions to take effect. However, long-term risk calculators are difficult to improve upon beyond the genetic factors and health behaviors that are already established. One tentative question that has emerged from the epidemiological literature is whether psychotic experiences can function as potential health indicators in preventive medicine.


Electron spin resonance spectra of ion-pairs of 2,3- and 2,5-dimethyl-p-benzosemiquinone are reported. Numerical relationships between the various splitting constants suggest the equality of QC–Mc and QC–H. Unexpected sharp lines in the spectra recorded under conditions of line-width alternation are interpreted in terms of these numerical relationships.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) in hemodialysis patients. During a dialysis day, patients completed both 9-item BFI and 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)-II questionnaires. The psychometric properties of the BFI were assessed in terms of reliability and validity. The BFI had an overall Cronbach's coefficient alpha of .92. Inter-item correlation coefficients between BFI items ranged from .38 to. 81 (all p < .0001). Exploratory factor analysis revealed bidimensional factor structure of the BFI—fatigue "severity" and fatigue "interference" explaining 11.0% and 62.0% of the total variance in the data set, respectively. In criterion validity analysis, BFI composite score correlated significantly with the total BDI-II score—Pearson correlation coefficient .40 (p < .0001). These preliminary results support the satisfactory psychometric properties of the BFI in assessing fatigue among hemodialysis patients during a dialysis day in a clinic setting.


Background: The relation of eating frequency to blood pressure (BP) has not been thoroughly investigated, and available studies show inconsistent findings. Objective: Explore associations of the number of eating episodes (EE; meals/snacks) per day with BP; assess the contribution of nutritional factors to observed EE-BP associations. Design: INTERMAP is a cross-sectional epidemiologic investigation. Our sample encompasses United Kingdom (UK) and United States (US) participants ages 40-59 for whom data include four 24-hour dietary recalls, two 24-hour urine collections, 8 BP measurements and health questionnaires. The association between EE and BP, and the potential explanatory role of nutritional differences was investigated using multiple regression analysis. Results: Average number of EE was inversely associated with systolic BP (z = -2.2 to -5.0, P-values<0.05). In a maximally adjusted model, one additional EE/day was associated with systolic BP lower by 1 mm Hg (z = -3.08, P-value <0.01). Compared to individuals with less than 4 EE/day those with more than 8 EE/day had higher intakes of carbohydrate, fiber, magnesium, potassium, and lower intakes of total fat, cholesterol, and animal protein. Urinary formate, hippurate, and n-methylnicotinate excretion were directly associated with EE, while urinary alanine excretion was inversely associated with EE. Conclusions: More EE/day were associated with lower BP. Greater EE/day was also associated with nutrient intakes and urinary metabolites levels previously associated favourably with BP. Eating frequency may have relevance for future dietary recommendations for optimal BP.


The absorption spectra of irradiated optical aluminophosphate glasses and the absorption shift are studied. Three absorption bands, namely at 2.4, 3.0, and 5.8 eV and absorption shift of 40 nm for absorption band at 3.0 eV are found. The nature of electron and hole traps is discussed on the basis of absorption and thermoluminescence measurements.

Es werden die Absorptionsspektren von bestrahlten optischen Aluminophosphatglasern und die Absorptionsverschiebung untersucht. Drei Absorptionsbanden bei 2,4; 3,0 und 5,8 eV und eine Absorptionsverschiebung von 40 nm fur die Absorptionsbande bei 3,0 eV werden gefunden. Die Art der Elektronen- und Locherhaftzentren werden auf der Grundlage von Absorptions- und Thermolumineszenzmessungen durchgefuhrt.


Among maintenance budget of road structures, remediation and replacement of RC bridge deck conquer the major part in Japan, and intensive studies to expand the service life of the deck are carried out. When implementing proper remediation program of the deck, evaluation of damage progress shall be examined in advance in order to rate the damage. Observations by naked eyes have so far been conducted for this task; however, this way of investigation is a kind of correcting maintenance approach where the repair shall be conducted when the remarkable deterioration was emerged on the surface resulting in taking the huge repair budget. To decrease the amount of road investment, the deterioration/ damage shall be evaluated before reaching to the surface from the view point of life cycle cost, being referred to as proactive maintenance. Accordingly in this study, internal damage of RC deck due to fatigue failure is reproduced by wheel loading testing apparatus, and the damage progress was evaluated by 3D AE tomography analysis. Through the velocity distributions by AE tomography in comparison with visible cracks on the surface by each damage steps, the applicability of 3D AE tomography is discussed.


Conceptual blending has been employed very successfully to understand the process of concept invention, studied particularly within cognitive psychology and linguistics. However, despite this influential research, within computational creativity little effort has been devoted to fully formalise these ideas and to make them amenable to computational techniques. We here present the basic formalisation of conceptual blending, as sketched by the late Joseph Goguen, and show how the Distributed Ontology Language DOL can be used to declaratively specify blending diagrams. Moreover, we discuss in detail how the workflow and creative act of generating and evaluating a new, blended concept can be managed and computationally supported within Ontohub, a DOL-enabled theory repository with support for a large number of logical languages and formal linking constructs. Concept Invention via Blending In the general methodology of conceptual blending introduced by Fauconnier and Turner (2003), the blending of two thematically rather different conceptual spaces yields a new conceptual space with emergent structure, selectively combining parts of the given spaces whilst respecting common structural properties.1 The 'imaginative' aspect of blending is summarised as follows in Turner (2007): [. . . ] the two inputs have different (and often clashing) organising frames, and the blend has an organising frame that receives projections from each of those organising frames. The blend also has emergent structure on its own that cannot be found in any of the inputs. Sharp differences between the organising frames of the inputs offer the possibility of rich clashes. Far from blocking the construction of the network, such clashes offer challenges to the imagination. The resulting blends can turn out to be highly imaginative. A classic example for this is the blending of the concepts house and boat, yielding as most straightforward blends the The usage of the term 'conceptual space' in blending theory is not to be confused with the usage established by Gärdenfors (2000). concepts of a houseboat and a boathouse, but also an amphibious vehicle (Goguen and Harrell, 2009). In the almost unlimited space of possibilities for combining existing ontologies to create new ontologies with emergent structure, conceptual blending can be built on to provide a structural and logic-based approach to 'creative' ontological engineering. This endeavour primarily raises the following two challenges: (1) when combining the terminologies of two ontologies, the shared semantic structure is of particular importance to steer possible combinations. This shared semantic structure leads to the notion of base ontology, which is closely related to the notion of 'tertium comparationis' found in the classic rhetoric and poetic theories, but also in more recent cognitive theories of metaphor (see, e.g., Jaszczolt (2003)); (2) having established a shared semantic structure, there is typically still a huge number of possibilities that can capitalise on this information in the combination process: here, structural optimality principles as well as ontology evaluation techniques take on a central role in selecting interesting blends. We believe that the principles governing ontological blending are quite distinct from the rather informal principles employed in blending phenomena in language or poetry, or the rather strict principles ruling blending in mathematics, in particular in the way formal inconsistencies are dealt with. For instance, whilst blending in poetry might be particularly inventive or imaginative when the structure of the basic categories found in the input spaces is almost completely ignored, and whilst the opposite, i.e., rather strict adherence to sort structure, is important in areas such as mathematics in order to generate meaningful blends2, ontological blending is situated somewhere in the middle: re-arrangement and new combination of basic categories can be rather interesting, but has to be finely controlled through corresponding interfaces, often regulated by or related to choices found in foundational or upper ontologies. For instance when creating the theory of transfinite cardinals by blending the perfective aspect of counting up to any fixed finite number with the imperfective aspect of 'endless counting' (Núñez, 2005). The core contributions of the paper can be summarised as follows.3 We: • sketch the logical analysis of conceptual blending in terms of blending diagrams and colimits, as originally proposed by Joseph Goguen, and give an abstract definition of ontological blendoids capturing the basic intuitions of conceptual blending in the ontological setting; • provide a formal language for declaratively specifying blending diagrams by employing the OWL4 fragment of the distributed ontology language DOL for blending. This provides a structured approach to ontology languages and combines the simplicity and good tool support for OWL with the more complex blending facilities of OBJ3 (Goguen and Malcolm, 1996) or Haskell (Kuhn, 2002); • discuss the capabilities of the Ontohub/Hets ecosystem with regard to collaboratively managing, creating, and evaluating blended concepts and theories; this includes an investigation of the evaluation problem in blending, together with a discussion of structural optimality principles and current automated reasoning support. We close with a detailed discussion of open problems and future work. Blending Computationalised Goguen has created the field of algebraic semiotics which logically formalises the structural aspects of semiotic signs, sign systems, and their mappings (Goguen, 1999). In Goguen and Harrell (2009), algebraic semiotics has been applied to user interface design and blending. Algebraic semiotics does not claim to provide a comprehensive formal theory of blending—indeed, Goguen and Harrell admit that many aspects of blending, in particular concerning the meaning of the involved notions, as well as the optimality principles for blending, cannot be captured formally. However, the structural aspects can be formalised and provide insights into the space of possible blends. Goguen defines semiotic systems to be algebraic theories that can be formulated by using the algebraic specification language OBJ (Goguen and Malcolm, 1996). Moreover, a special case of a semiotic system is a conceptual space: it consists only of constants and relations, one sort, and axioms that define that certain relations hold on certain instances. As we focus on standard ontology languages, namely OWL and first-order logic, we here replace the logical language OBJ. As structural aspects in the ontology language are necessary for blending, we augment these languages with structuring mechanisms known from algebraic specification theory (Kutz et al., 2008). This allows to translate most parts of Goguen's theory to these ontology languages. Goguen's main insight has been that semiotic systems and conceptual spaces can be related via morphisms, and that blending is comparable to colimit computation, a construction that abstracts the operation of disjoint unions modulo This paper elaborates on ideas first introduced in Hois et al. (2010); detailed technical definitions are given in Kutz et al. (2012). With 'OWL' we refer to OWL 2 DL, see http://www.w3. org/TR/owl2-overview/ base morphisms O1 O2 B Base Ontology Blendoid Input 1 Input 2 blendoid morphisms Figure 1: The basic integration network for blending: concepts in the base ontology are first refined to concepts in the input ontologies and then selectively blended into the blendoid. the identification of certain parts, explained in more detail below. In particular, the blending of two concepts is often a pushout (also called a blendoid in this context). Some basic definitions:5 Non-logical symbols are grouped into signatures, which for our purposes can be regarded as collections of kinded symbols (e.g. concept names, relation names). Signature morphisms are maps between signatures that preserve (at least) kinds of symbols (i.e. map concept names to concept names, relations to relations, etc.). A theory or ontology pairs a signature with a set of sentences over that signature, and an theory morphism (or interpretation) between two theories is just a signature morphism between the underlying signatures that preserves logical consequence, that is, ρ : T1 → T2 is a theory morphism if T2 |= ρ(T1), i.e. all the translations of sentences of T1 along ρ follow from T2. This construction is completely logic independent. Signature/theory morphisms are an essential ingredient for describing conceptual blending in a logical way. We now give a general definition of ontological blending capturing the basic intuition that a blend of input ontologies shall partially preserve the structure imposed by base ontologies, but otherwise be an almost arbitrary extension or fragment of the disjoint union of the input ontologies with appropriately identified base space terms. For the following definition, which we first introduced in Kutz et al. (2012), a diagram consists of a set of ontologies and a set of morphisms between them. The colimit of a diagram is similar to a disjoint union of its ontologies, with some identifications of shared parts as specified by the morphisms in the diagram. We refrain from presenting the category-theoretic definition here (which can be found in Note that these definitions apply to OWL, but also to many other logics. Indeed, they apply to any logic formalised as an institution (Goguen and Burstall, 1992). Adámek, Herrlich, and Strecker (1990)), but explain the colimit operation using the examples below. Definition 1 (Ontological Base Diagram) An ontological base diagram is a diagram D for which the minimal nodes (Bi)i∈Dmin⊆|D| are called base ontologies, the maximal nodes (Ij)j∈Dmax⊆|D| called input ontologies, and where the theory morphisms μij : Bi → Ij are called the base morphis