All sections of the soeiety espeeially higher edueational institutions in China have paid great attention to college and university teachers' teaching abilities and effeetiveness with the development of informational education's construction in recent years.Thus,this paper will discuss effective teaching connotation in informational environment,the ultimate criterion that measures effective teaching and some strategies about realizing university effective teaching.


Avalanche diodes are finding an increasing number of applications as sources of microwave power in the frequency rane 1-100 GHz. There are two basic modes of operation; the IMPATT mode in which the diode behaves as a negative conductance in a resonant circuit, and the TRAPATT mode in which the diode acts as a fast switch which periodically discharges the circuit elements. The basic features of the two modes are explained in terms of the physical mechanisms involved, and the performances of practical devices are reviewed. It is seen that both IMPATT and TRAPATT diodes will operate as amplifiers as well as oscillators and the properties of a typical X-band IMPATT amplifier are described. Examples of applications which are suitable for IMPATT and TRAPATT devices are also discussed.


Glycine betaine is a solute which is able to restore and maintain the osmotic balance of living cells. In this thesis, the glycine betaine synthesis in two extremely halophilic bacteria Actinopolyspora halophila and Ectothiorhodospira halochloris is investigated. A. halophila synthesized remarkably high intracellular concentrations of glycine betaine. The highest glycine betaine concentration, determined at 24% (w/v) NaCl, was 33% of the cellular dry weight. The data presented in this work indicate that the de novo synthesis of glycine betaine proceeds via the threefold methylation of glycine. S-adenosylmethionine acts as the methyl group donor in the reactions. The genes encoding this pathway were cloned and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli. In E. halochloris, glycine sarcosine N-methyltransferase (GSMT) and sarcosine dimethylglycine Nmethyltransferase (SDMT) catalyze the reaction sequence. In A. halophila all three methylation reactions appear to be catalyzed by a fusion protein. The methyltransferases from the two bacteria show high sequence homology. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that in addition to the glycine methylation pathway, A. halophila has the ability to oxidize choline to glycine betaine. Choline was first oxidized to betaine aldehyde in a reaction in which H2O2 –generation and oxygen consumption are coupled. Betaine aldehyde was oxidized further to glycine betaine in a reaction in which NAD(P) was reduced. The GSMT and SDMT of E. halochloris were expressed in E. coli, purified, and some of their enzymatic properties were characterized. Both enzymes had high substrate specificity and pH optima near physiological pH. No evidence of cofactors was found. The enzymes showed Michaelis-Menten kinetics for their substrates. The apparent Km and Vmax values were determined for all substrates, when the other substrate was present in saturating concentrations. Both enzymes were strongly inhibited by the reaction product S-adenosylhomocysteine. Glycine betaine inhibited the methylation reactions only at high concentrations. Finally, it was demonstrated that the expression of the E. halochloris methyltransferase genes in E. coli results in glycine betaine accumulation and improves salt tolerance.


The invention relates to a vibrating drain board device, which is structurally characterized in that a hollow pipe is connected with the central part of a hard framework, the upper part of the hollow pipe penetrates through the upper end of the hard framework and is connected with a vacuum pump, a water suction hole is arranged at the lower part of the hollow pipe positioned at the lower part of the hard framework, a plurality of groups of keel sheets are evenly distributed on the hard framework, the upper end of the hard framework is connected with a fixed plate, a vibrator is connected onto the fixed plate, and a water-permeable film covers the hard framework, the hollow pipe and the keel sheets. The vibrating drain board device overcomes the defect that a non-water-permeable layer is formed because the water-permeable film is blocked by fine particles in the foundation in the prior art at the first try. The vibrating drain board device has the advantages that the problem that the periphery of the water-permeable film is blocked by the fine particles in the foundation is solved, the water can be continuously sucked, the construction period can be greatly shortened, the device can be repetitively used, and the cost is saved.


In an effort to find a means to expand the pool of donors, Mannami et al. have reported retrospectively 42 cases of the transplantation of "restored" kidneys. Eight of the kidneys were obtained after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) that was 1.2–3.5 cm in size, and in these cases no tumor recurred during a follow-up period that ranged from 12 to 135 months. (2) In addition, Nicol reported 43 cases of the transplantation of restored kidneys after nephrectomy for renal tumors (<3 cm) (3). More than 80% of small renal tumors (<4 cm) are treated by nephrectomy in Japan; hence, an estimated 2000 kidneys are discarded each year. However, "diseased kidney transplantation" was prohibited by the Japanese government in 2007, with the exception of clinical trials.


We give an accessible introduction into the theory of lower central series of associative algebras, exhibiting the interplay between algebra, geometry and representation theory that is characteristic for this subject, and discuss some open questions. In particular, we provide shorter and clearer proofs of the main results of this theory. We also discuss some new theoretical and computational results and conjectures on the lower central series of the free algebra in two generators modulo a generic homogeneous relation.


The reintroduction of wolves opened a new chapter in the story of wolves in the U.S. West. But what the conservation community considers moral progress, welcoming the once violently eradicated wolves as an important part of a healthy ecosystem, those opposing wolf restoration consider their return a decivilizing, regressive move back to a by-gone era. In the contentious discourse over wolf politics, the fairy tale of Little Red Riding Hood is used as a common metaphor; its prevalence and persistence in this discourse indicates that more than an innocuous children's bedtime story is in question. To examine the potential cultural and political currency the fairy tale brings into this discourse, I rely on Mikhail Bakhtin's notion of the dialogic nature of an utterance. An utterance is never a neutral expression, but an active participant in an ongoing social dialogue; Little Red Riding Hood brings into this discourse a distinct voice of a fairy tale that imbues new meaning and relevance in the tenacious dialogue between the pro-wolf and the anti-wolf sentiment. Looking at the contextual and relational interaction of the utterance brings visibility to how Little Red Riding Hood provides a vehicle to disseminate, manipulate, and proliferate competing cultural and political messages about much larger issues than the presence of the biological wolves in the U.S. West.


Osteoarthritis is an articular cartilage degeneration disease, which generally causes pain when bending the knee, limited knee flexion movement, pain when walking for a long time, difficulty performing prayer movements to sit between two prostrate and unable to perform activities up and down stairs. This study is a quasi experimental study with randomized pre test-post test two group design, aiming to find out the difference in effectiveness between the combination of Ultrasound, Maitland Technique, Theraband exercise and combination of Ultrasound, Muligan Technique, Theraband exercise. Against changes in pain and functional walking in people with osteoarthritis knee, carried out at Poli Physiotherapy Hospital Makassar City, the sample is a knee osteoarthritis patient with a sample number of 14 people divided randomly into 2 groups, namely the treatment group I given ultrasound, theraband exercise and Maitland technique and treatment group II are given ultrasound, theraband exercise and muligan technique. Based on hypothesis testing using the paired sample t test obtained a value of p = 0.000 (p<0.05) in the treatment groups 1 and 2, which means that a combination of Ultrasound, Maitland Technique, Theraband exercise and a combination of Ultrasound, Muligan Technique, Theraband exercise can produce significant pain and functional walking changes. The combination of Ultrasound, Maitland Technique, and Theraband exercise is no more effective than the combination of Ultrasound, Muligan Technique, Theraband exercise against changes and in


Problems about the installation of online monitoring technique on insulation in a transformer substation are discussed such as the choices of sensors,system requirements,application of anti-jamming measures,security and processing of data and so on.The pertinent measures to make the system operating security and stability are proposed.


Laminate for use in ceramic capacitors, etc., grain growth during high temperature firing is suppressed, provided the surface coating barium titanate particles and a manufacturing method thereof. A barium titanate particles obtained by the hydrothermal reaction, average particle size of less than 10nm over 1000 nm, Ba / Ti ratio 0.80 to 1.20, and the c / a ratio of 1.001 or more 1.010 or less, mg, Ca, Ba, Mn and at least one coating barium titanate fine particles characterized by having a surface coating layer containing a metal compound selected from the group of rare earth elements. Coated barium titanate fine particles of the present invention, (1) an aqueous solution comprising an aqueous solution of titanium hydroxide containing barium hydroxide, Ba / Ti ratio weight ratio to 0.80 to 1.20 , temperature 200 ° C. or higher 450 ° C. or less, or less than the pressure 2.0 MPa 50 MPa, step by hydrothermal reaction to obtain barium titanate fine particles by the following reaction time of 0.1 minutes more than one hour, (2) barium particles the titanate step of uniformly dispersed in an aqueous solution, is prepared by a method comprising the steps of coating the metal compound on the surface of the (3) barium the titanate particles.


An algorithm for universal hashing on the Suzuki curve over a finite field , which is determined by calculating the Horner's scheme for the four rational functions . Obtained estimates of the complexity of computing the hash code


Objectives: To identify the types of stones composition and to detect the regions with high incidence of stones formation. Methodology: During the period August 2007 – August 2009, a total of 382 patients admitted to Urology department at Al-Thawra General Teaching Hospital, Sana's, Yemen. All of them were diagnosed to have stones in different parts of the urinary tract. The treatment was carried on by surgical intervention, endoscopy, or shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). The structural analysis of the stones was done by gross (macroscopic), microscopic, and chemical analysis. Results: Three hundred eighty two patients with diagnosis of urinary stones disease were included in the study, the male to female ratio was 2.03:1, the young to adult ratio was 1.0: 2.8 and the mean age was 28.5 years. The findings in this investigation showed that pure calcium oxalate (32.5%) was the main stone component followed by mixed calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate (29.8%), calcium oxalate and uric acid (15.2%) and Calcium phosphate (11.5%). The three highest percentages of urolithiasis were found to be in Alamanah, Amran and Thamar respectively, while the lowest percentages were in Abian and Almahrah. Conclusion: Stones composition in Yemeni patients admitted to Al-Thawra General Teaching Hospital was mainly formed of calcium oxalate, mixed calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate, calcium oxalate and uric acid, and lastly calcium phosphate. Te highest percentage were found in mountainous regions (Alamanah, Amran, and Thamar), while the lowest percentage were found in the coastal regions (Abian and Almahrah).


Transmission that diffuses social messages between the individuals,between the individual and the group as well as between different groups is largely a cultural transmission.The diffusion of ethnic cultures relies on some media while the original medium is a kind of culture,or a container of ethnic cultures.Through an analysis of the frescoes,paper-cuttings,music and dances of Yunnan minorities,this paper discusses the relevant art diffusion, its inheritance,its media and forms as well as its significance.


Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of conductive keratoplasty (CK) for the treatment of presbyopia and analyze the differences in the effects between post- and non-laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) eyes. Clinical preoperative factors that could affect the predictability of CK were also analyzed. Methods: The visual and refractive outcomes of CK for the treatment of presbyopia in 14 eyes of 13 post-LASIK patients (post-LASIK group mean age 50.9 ± 3.4 years) and those of 25 eyes of 25 non-LASIK patients (non-LASIK group mean age 52.4 ± 4.0 years) were studied. The clinical efficacy, safety, stability, and predictability of CK were statistically evaluated. Results: The mean (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR] ± standard deviation [SD]) of preoperative uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) and manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) were 0.64 ± 0.25 diopter (D) and 0.35 ± 0.48 D, respectively, in the post-LASIK group, and 0.71 ± 0.20 D and 0.64 ± 0.61 D, respectively, in the non-LASIK group. At 6 months after CK, the mean UNVA and MRSE were 0.07 ± 0.13 D and −1.59 ± 0.86 D, respectively, in the post-LASIK group, and 0.07 ± 0.12 D and −1.06 ± 0.56 D, respectively, in the non-LASIK group. At 1 year after CK, the mean UNVA and MRSE were 0.30 ± 0.17 D and −0.58 ± 0.52 D, respectively, in the post-LASIK group, and 0.28 ± 0.34 D and −1.56 ± 0.62 D, respectively, in the non-LASIK group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in either factor at 6 months postoperative (Student's t-test, P > 0.05). At 1 year after CK, all the treated eyes maintained corrected distance visual acuity better than −0.08 (logMAR). The mean cylindrical errors were within ±1.00 D in 100% of the post-LASIK and non-LASIK patients. As for the preoperative clinical factors evaluated for their potential relationship to the predictability of CK, none showed significant effect on the clinical outcomes. Conclusion: CK is demonstrated to be safe for the treatment of presbyopia in post-LASIK patients as well as in non-LASIK patients, though needed longer observation in terms of factors affecting predictability.


The latter financial crisis has led in many occasions to a reconsideration of the present economic system. Before suggesting any reform, this paper intends to observe whether the root of the business cycles is indeed a tragedy of the commons in the present banking system, the aim being that of ascerting whether there is available a reconfiguration that solves the tragedy of the commons under discussion.


Quadrupole mass spectrometry has been used to monitor reactant and product partial pressures in a selective W chemical vapor deposition process. A 4/1H2/WF6 molar reactant ratio was used to produce W films on Si wafers, at 67 Pa (0.5 Torr) total pressure, and for wafer temperatures around 400 °C. A relatively fast response time (∼4 s) sensor system sampled gas directly from a commercial Ulvac ERA-1000 reactor in order to minimize the effect of wall reactions. The signal from the volatile HF product, integrated over the deposition cycle, and corrected for contributions from reactions in the ion-source region of the quadrupole and for sensor drifts, was found to vary linearly with the weight of the W film deposited, to within an uncertainty of ∼7%. This provides the basis for real-time, noninvasive thickness metrology to drive process control. Depletion of both H2 and WF6 reactants was observed. The time integral of the H2 reactant depletion was also linearly related to the film weight, though the data exhi...


This research presents a pilot study that explores the use of quantified Gestalt principles of symmetry, parallelism, and continuity as design variables to evaluate the aesthetics of three-dimensional product representations. To this end, a virtual reality (VR)-based discrete choice experiment was conducted to elicit subjects' preferences among pairs of bottle forms with diverse Gestalt values. While immersed in the VR environment, 42 participants were able to visually explore the whole forms, thus capturing more information to develop their judgment. Further analysis of the choice data using standard and mixed logit regression with hierarchical Bayes estimation provides initial details on the aesthetic utility of the Gestalt principles in question, their distribution among the sample participants, and the correlation between estimates. Due to the small sample size, the results are not expansible and they only apply to the data set gathered during the experiment. Nevertheless, it is an initial proof of concept which could suggest that symmetry and continuity have a positive aesthetic effect over people, and that parallelism could have opposite aesthetic utilities for women and men. This methodology allows designers to delve into the integration of aesthetics as a quantifiable property in the product development process.


This study aims to analyze the level of income, the minimum scale of the amount of honey beekeeping, and the minimum selling price for the honey produced so that farmers get profits. Determination of the location of the study using the purposive method with the consideration that Pempatan Village, Rendang District, Karangasem Regency is one of the honey centers. The population in this study amounted to 63 people who cultivate honey bees. Sampling in this study using purposive sampling method with the number of respondents as many as 30 people. The types of data needed in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained by conducting observations and interviews with respondents. The data analysis methods used in this study are (1) Revenue Analysis, (2) Revenue Cost Ratio, (3) Break Event point. Based on the research results, the community's income from honey bee cultivation is IDR. 3.369.300,-/month while the R/C ratio of honey bee cultivation in Pempatan Village is 2.1, which means it is feasible to cultivate. If it is seen from the BEP Production from beekeeping is 7.08 liters, BEP Prices from honey bee cultivation are IDR. 154,516,-/liter and BEP Revenue from beekeeping is IDR. 2,337,145.


Fundamental studies on constructability issue done in United States, United Kingdom and Australia illustrate capability of this concept to affect overall objectives of construction projects. It can result in significant cost and time savings and improved final quality by consideration of construction contractors experiences during conceptual planning and design phases. As intensive as these studies are, they do not attempt to investigate importance of these activities in order to find each of their specific barriers separately. This research explores Constructability Activities (CAs) in all project phases separately based on amount of contractors involvement in each activity and also amount of gap that exists between target and actual effects of each activity on achieving the final objectives of building projects in Malaysia. It ends to development of Critical Constructability Activities (CCAs). This research is crucial to gaining a better understanding of CCAs which are caused based on contractors higher participation percentage and larger gaps between their target and actual effects on achieving the final aims of the project. This research highlights the need to overcome barriers of CAs implementation in building projects. This study recommends construction stakeholders to concentrate more on CCAs in order to achieve the overall objectives of the project much faster and easier.


Increasing human population and the rapid growth of Malaysia's economy are often associated with various environmental disturbances which have been contributing to depletion of natural resources and climate change. The need for more spaces for numerous land development activities has made the existing forests suffer deforestation. The study was carried out in Peninsular Malaysia, which currently has about 5.9 million ha of forests. Phased array type L-band SAR (Palsar) and Palsar-2 images over the years 2010 and 2015, respectively were used to identify forest cover and deforestation occurrences resulted from various conversion of forests to other land uses. Forests have been identified from horizontal-vertical (HV) polarization and then classified into three major categories, which are inland, peat swamp and mangrove. Pixel subtraction technique was used to determine areas that have been changing from forests to other land uses. Forest areas have been found declined from about 6.1 million ha in year 2010 to some 5.9 million ha in 2015 due to conversion of forests to other land uses. Causes of deforestation have been identified and the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) that has been emitted due to the deforestation activity has been determined in this study. Oil palm and rubber plantations expansion has been found the most prominent factor that caused deforestation in Peninsular Malaysia, especially in the states of Pahang, Terengganu, Johor and Kelantan. The rate of deforestation in the period was at 0.66% yr-1, which amounted a total of about 200,225 ha over the five years. Carbon loss was estimated at about 30.2 million Mg C, which has resulted in CO2 emission accounted at about 110.6 million Mg CO2. The rate of CO2 emission that has been resulted from deforestation was estimated at 22.1 million Mg CO2 yr-1. The study found that the use of a series of Palsar and Palsar-2 images, with a consistent, cloud-free images, are the most appropriate sensors to be used for monitoring of deforestation over the Peninsular Malaysia region.


MEMS elements have been penetrating in each segment of life, ranging from gaming, smartphones to home automation. Design and implementation of complex MEMS has become tedious. The paper describes macro modeling of 3-axis accelerometer based on S PICE. The model was also compared to a commercially available digital accelerometer ADXL350. The mapping of this model was in functional adherence to chip mentioned above. In this paper we will develop macro model of accelerometer using PSpice. Modeling of accelerometer comprises of various blocks such as power management, 3-axis sensor, sense electronics, ADC, control and interrupt logic and serial I/O. This style of modeling enables us to embark on MEMS based system design having in depth knowledge of either electrical or mechanical design.


Android platform provides a content provider and a cursor mechanism to access the internal SQLite engine. Content providers not only store and retrieve data but also make it accessible to applications. Applications can only share data through content provider, since there's no common storage area that Android packages can access. Cursor is an interface that provides random read-write access to the result set returned by a database query. However, this cursor possesses two major limitations. First, a cursor does not support a join clause among cursors, since the cursor can only access a single table in the content provider. Second, the cursor is not capable of creating user-customized field in the predefined content providers. In this paper, we propose the unified cursor architecture that merges several cursors into a single virtual cursor. Cursor translation look-aside buffer (TLB), column windowing mechanism and virtual data management are the three major techniques we have adopted to implement our structure. And we also propose a delayed synchronization method between an application and a proposed unified cursor. An application can create a user-customized field and sort multiple tables using a unified cursor on Android platform.


An increasing number of students with mental health disabilities (MHDs) are enrolling at Canadian colleges and universities. This review examines the challenges and complexities of meeting the unique needs of these students at Ontario's postsecondary institutions, with a specific focus on the issue of academic accommodations. These complexities include: delays in receiving a diagnosis, the episodic nature of MHD-related symptoms, and challenges in determining functional impairments. The present review highlights the current factors influencing the integration and academic success of this population of students, the importance of faculty education, stigma-reduction programs and the development of a "welcoming culture" on campus. Accommodation issues are also discussed such as the need for retroactive accommodations, which are more likely to be required by this population because of the intermittent and episodic nature of many MHDs. Retroactive accommodations are not currently included in the typical formal academic accommodation procedures used in Ontario. The authors conclude by pointing to the need for the development of documentation practices and effective policies to assist postsecondary institutions in designing the most appropriate academic accommodations for in-class and fieldwork essential requirements.


Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) have been used clinically for tissue regeneration; however, their proliferation/differentiation potentials are limited. Recently, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), known to have nearly unlimited potential to proliferate and differentiate into cells of all three germ layers, have gained wide interest in regenerative medicine. Here, we generated iPSCs from frozen‐stocked AMSCs and BMSCs and examined their biological characteristics by comparative analyses. Although the iPSCs were more challenging to generate from the BMSCs than the AMSCs, both iPSC populations expressed pluripotent markers, such as stage‐specific embryonic antigen (SSEA)‐3, SSEA‐4, tumour‐related antigens (TRAs) TRA‐1‐60 and TRA‐1‐81, OCT3/4 and NANOG. Furthermore, both cell populations differentiated well into three germ layer‐derived cells, both in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that iPSCs derived from frozen AMSCs/BMSCs exhibit equally acceptable iPSC characteristics and have potential in clinical applications as an alternative source of autogenous stem cells. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Entrepreneurial team cognition promotes the focus transformation of entrepreneurial team study from team behavioral rationality to team cognition rationality, reveals the driving mechanism embedded behind team activities, and gradually becomes one of the independent issues in entrepreneurship field. At present, the research on entrepreneurial team cognition is at the initial stage, and the research content is also scattered. Firstly, through a literature review, this paper summarizes the connotation of entrepreneurial team cognition from the perspectives of state, process and ability. Secondly, this paper sorts out the antecedents of entrepreneurial team cognition at the levels of cognitive bases, cognitive interaction and emotional experience, and outlines the influences of entrepreneurial team cognition on team creativity, team behavior, entrepreneurial process and entrepreneurial performance. At last, it constructs an integrated framework of antecedents and outcomes of entrepreneurial team cognition, and makes some suggestions about future research.


A new clue in the quest for an etiology of the rheumatic diseases may be the newfound association of certain of these disorders with the presence of the genetically inherited histocompatibility antigen, HL-A W27. The frequency of this antigen is 5% to 10% in the general population; by contrast, its frequency is 85% to 90% in adults with ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter's syndrome and 35% to 40% in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
 Histocompatibility transplantation antigens are present on the surface of most cells (not erythrocytes) which are capable of inducing a cellular immune response in another of the same species and result in rejection of transplanted tissue or cells.


According to the white LED dual role of lighting and communication,to build a transmitting terminal by the LED flashlight for visible light audio emergency communication system.The system uses interaction dimming methods of pulse width modulation(PWM) and constant current driver to ensure the stability of the LED illumination and communication.Test results show that the system can achieve the reliable transmission of voice signals within 200 meters,can be used in emergency communications at night,underground emergency communication and other scenes.


Experiments exploiting similarities for coherence collisional evolution in velocity space and in M space are reported. Generally, there is a total outgoing rate from any state and incoming rates (kernels) from neighboring states. Collision-induced velocity changes, ΔV, are studied with lasers by measuring the Doppler frequency Δ V/λ (λ = optical wavelength). To obtain information about coherence M transfer, it is only necessary to associate a frequency with each ΔM. This idea is demonstrated by measuring two-pulse photon echo intensity Ie for 13CH3F in a small dc Stark field. Acoustooptic modulation of infrared cw laser radiation, polarized parallel to the Stark field, is used to excite a number of uncoupled M → M transitions on the R(4,3) line. Each transition has a resonance frequency, vo + M· vs (vs is M = 1 Stark shift, Hz). A most remarkable result is obtained for large echo delays T with ΔVT/λ >> 1, all ΔV. The shape of the curve ln[ Ie(o)/ Ie(V)] vs Stark voltage V tends to that of the dominant coherence ΔM transfer kernel itself. Physically this arises because, for large T, the macroscopic coherence is preserved only for collisions where the frequency changing due to M transfer compensates the Doppler shift due to the ΔV, i.e., Δ V/λ + ΔM-·vs = 0. Generalizations are discussed.


In order to help the operation of constant current, the optics of booster to storage ring transport line (BTS) design is reinvestigated[1]. The initial Twiss parameters are derived by measurement. The optics of the transport line is readjusted according to the measured initial beam parameters. The design of pulse width of the injection kicker is also changed from 1.2 μs to 2.0 μs. The injection scheme is reviewed and the effects of the kicker error on both injected and stored beam are investigated and shown in this report.


Objective To observe the efficacy of antidepressant Duloxetine on depression and anxiety in primary headache patients.Methods One hundred twelve primary headache patients accompanied by depression and anxiety disorders were randomized into groups treatment and control,56 in each.Both were given conventional therapy of nimodipine and aspirin,but treatment group given additional duloxetine.The attack frequency,duration and degree of headache were recorded 4,8 weeks after treatment,and the degrees of depression and anxiety,effects and drug safety were evaluated using hemilton rating scale for depression(HAMD) and Hamilton anxiety(HAMA).Results The attack frequency,duration and headache degree were significantly reduced in treatment group after treatment(P0.01).The scores of HAMD and HAMA fell by a significantly bigger margin in treatment group than in control(P0.01).The total efficacy rate was 82% in treatment group,and 48% in control.Conclusion Duloxetine is significantly effective in treatment of primary headache with depression and anxiety.


Sensitive Soul Regretting the loss Of bug lives On the windshield Wondering if bug wives And children Grieve for them. She retreats into Melancholic silence As they continue to Ping and splat Sacrificing themselves For our mobility. I turn on the radio Drowning out the massacre. She shifts in her seat To stare through The side window Avoiding the carnage And asks me, Are we all waiting Unaware Until stricken down Like the bugs? I tell her, yes But it makes life No less sweet To savor the flight Before the impact. Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads In the Car With My Daughter by Lynette Lamp, MD


This paper deals with the passage of m signals along with additive Gaussian noise through a memoryless bandpass nonlinearity. It offers a method for finding the fundamental zone output attributable to any n input signals (including their intermodulation) which at the same time specifies the equivalent new nonlinearity seen by these signals. The fundamental (i.e, bandpass) transfer characteristic of the original nonlinearity is arbitrary and may include AM-to-PM conversion. The approach is a generalization of Blachman's treatment of the problem for a signal-plus-noise jnpdt. The analysis is based on the author's previously reported stochastic decomposition method for multiple signals feeding a bandpass nonlinearity.


The present invention relates to a portable electronic device comprising: a housing; a camera unit, which can be rotated relative to the housing, for capturing an image; magnetic detection means for detecting a rotational position of the camera unit; image processing means for modifying the image captured by the camera unit depending on the rotational position detected by the magnetic means. The magnetic detection means comprise a magnetic transmitter attached to the camera unit and a magnetic receiver attached to the housing.


There are moments in life for which most of us have shared a history—events that brought us together as a human collective: where were you when Neil Armstrong landed on the moon? Or when Elvis died? Or when you got that first glimpse of Borat's electric lime mankini? With few exceptions, everyone would have an answer.

However, can you remember what you did last Tuesday—not so easy, is it? and I suspect this is because last Tuesday was not a shared experience, not part of a collective conscious. It was merely one in a line of deja vu experiences—a jumble of newspapers and breakfast bowls, traffic snarls, half-finished jobs and conversations.

But there is a question that has been pondered by almost everyone …


We present the results of a user study on estimating a quantisation threshold above which the quantised triangle mesh is perceived as indistinguishable from its unquantised original. The design of the experiment and the analysis of the results focus on the comparison between two different quantisation methods: rounding, in which all bits above the threshold are put to zero; and dithering, in which all bits above the threshold are randomised. The results show that dithered meshes require more bits per vertex coordinate in order to reach the indistinguishability threshold, and while the difference between the two methods is small, around one bit per vertex coordinate, it is nevertheless statistically significant.


When the Cassini spacecraft passed by Earth en route to the outer solar system, the magnetic field magnitude was measured with extremely high accuracy by the onboard helium magnetometer operating in the scalar mode. Magnitude measurements of the near-equatorial field were obtained inbound from 4 to 1.17 RE at local times from postnoon to dusk and outbound to 4 RE between dusk and midnight. The observed field consisted of both the internally generated field of Earth and the field of external magnetospheric currents which were enhanced because of an ongoing magnetic storm. The contribution of the internal field was removed using a current version of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). An excellent characterization of the disturbance field was then obtained as a function of radial distance and local time. The observations were compared with available models of the disturbance field. Reasonable agreement was obtained, but discrepancies were found that were large enough to require changes in some of the model parameters. After removing the disturbance field, accuracy of measurement of high-degree spherical harmonic moments of a planetary field, an important objective at Saturn, was investigated. The contribution of the sum of high-degree moments to the Earth's field magnitude was obtained from the IGRF. The corresponding contribution to the measured field magnitude was derived using a theorem developed for that purpose. A close correspondence between the Cassini measurements and the IGRF was then found. The physics underlying the scalar measurements and the implementation of this mode in the Cassini magnetometer, the first time on a planetary mission, are described.


The problem of mass transfer with nonequilibrium at, and significant convection across, the interface has been studied by the method of matched asymptotic expansions. The inner solution for small values of t or z/Um was found in terms of fk functions which were obtained in closed analytical form. The outer solution for large values of t or z/Um was found in terms of gk functions which had to be determined numerically. With these solutions, calculation of concentratration distributions or instantaneous rates of mass transfer is straightforward, but determination of the total amount of mass transfer as a function of time is complicated by the lack of an intersection wherein the inner and outer solutions overlap and converge. To avoid the need for graphical interpolation and integration of the interfacial concentration as a function of time to obtain the total mass transferred, the constant of integration M1 is found to be (−kγ/2h) by assuming that the ratio of mass transferred with an equilibrium interface to that with a nonequilibrium interface is independent of whether or not Vy convection is negligible in the system as t → ∞.

The effect of a nonequilibrium interface is greatest for small t in unsteady systems and z/Um in steady state systems. This occurs because the departure from their equilibrium values of the interfacial concentrations of the phases in contact is greatest when they are first brought into contact. The larger the interfacial mass transfer coefficient α, the smaller is the time required for the interfacial concentrations to achieve their equilibrium values.

Other things being equal, the rate of mass transfer is greatest when the driving force xA*-x is greatest. Since the departure from equilibrium at the interface is greatest for small values of time, it follows that nonequilibrium interfacial phenomena can be observed most easily in systems where the rate of mass transfer is high. This is also the case when one cannot neglect the effect of finite velocity at the interface which is shown in the present work to be a significant effect.

The method of analysis can be used to study a variety of problems in addition to the specific system considered here. In particular, both batch and flow reverse osmosis problems can be attacked by the present approach.


The article deals with the synthesis of algorithms for constructing an adaptive control system with a multilayer neural network in conditions of parametric uncertainty. To solve the problem of synthesizing an adaptive control system, an extended system of equations for the basic structure of a generalized custom object has been compiled. Stable iterative algorithms for calculating control actions based on the methods of minimal iterations and partitioning of matrices into blocks are presented. The above algorithms make it possible to produce stable pseudo-inversion of matrices and thereby increase the accuracy of adaptive control systems with a multilayer neural network under conditions of parametric uncertainty.


Seeing the speed of the development of information technology world very quickly by utilizing the tasks in various fields, the cooperative as a business entity with the role of improving people's living standards must also experience technological progress, but there are still some weaknesses in the procedure of savings and loans in KSP Blessing Fund Mandiraja, is false data entry, report generation, unorganized data, stacking and archival destruction. The purpose of this research is to make information system. The design of this software using DFD, ERD, data dictionary and LRS. Data using the method of clarity and workmanship KSP. The author also conducted a review of literature related to the problem. In the software development model using the waterfall model. Hopefully with the existence of saving and loan information system, the related process becomes easier. This system can display and manage data information and submission of savings and lending.


This project focuses on the UN's SDG14: Life Below Water, target 14.1. Eutrophication is a big problem to ecosystems and communities, as it kills wildlife, creates imbalances in the trophic system, and degrades water quality. The Red Tide in Florida is an important example of pollution-caused eutrophication that is indicative of eutrophication problems globally. Luckily, there are solutions that we can work together to implement on a nationwide and international level, including policy change to regulate agriculture monitoring algal bloom, finding alternatives for fertilizers, and funding research. SDG Theme: SDG 14 – Life below water Type: E-poster


Age‐related changes to the muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) are a potential barrier to muscle recovery from atrophy. The involvement of individual cell types in age‐related ECM remodeling is currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether mechanotherapy can affect ECM‐related gene expression in cells responsible for ECM remodeling in aged rats recovering from atrophy using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq).


Relationship of international law and municipal law — Liability for violations of international law under Alien Tort Statute 1991 — Whether to impose liability under Alien Tort Statute for violations of new norms of international law — Whether corporate liability established as a norm of international law — Judicial discretion in matters concerning foreign relations — Separation of powers — Whether appropriate for judicial branch to allow Alien Tort Statute liability to extend to foreign corporations Jurisdiction — Subject-matter jurisdiction — Whether suit could be maintained under Alien Tort Statute 1991 — Whether corporations could be sued for violations of international norms under Alien Tort Statute — Corporate liability for violations of international human rights law — Judicial discretion in matters concerning foreign relations — Separation of powers Diplomatic relations — Comity — Judicial discretion in matters concerning foreign relations — Separation of powers — Imposition of corporate liability under Alien Tort Statute 1991 — Complex policy decision — Whether appropriate for judicial branch to make decision Terrorism — Terrorist acts committed abroad — Whether corporation facilitating those acts in violation of international law — International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism, 1999 — Whether corporations could be sued for violations of international norms under Alien Tort Statute — The law of the United States


* The Silence of Unrepresented Pasts at Great Zimbabwe* The Zimbabwe Controversy and the power of 'fact' over 'fiction'* Great Zimbabwe in local 'history-scapes'* 'Traditional Connoisseurs' of the past* The Silence of Great Zimbabwe: From mystery and untold stories to a silence of anger Part Two: The silence of Anger at Great Zimbabwe* Silence, Destruction and Closure at Great Zimbabwe* 'Let us fight and rebuild': Nationalism and Great Zimbabwe* 'Mapfupa edu achamuka' [Our bones will rise]: Nationalist Mythology of the first Chimurenga* NMMZ and Great Zimbabwe: The professionalisation of heritage management UNESCO and the power of world heritage* Patriotic history and Great Zimbabwe: Beyond 2000


Aiming at the problem that it is hard to get the oil well tracturing potential forecasting parameter and the forecasting effect can't satisfy the arrangement of the development planning, and considering the increasing model relation between the cumulative oil production and the time, through a lot of statistic analysis of single well effect, this paper forms a model for forecasting oil well fracturing effect is set up. Combined with economical evaluation for forecasting effect and the geological and technological condition analysis, a new method for forecasting the forecasting oil well numbers and forecasting effect through the conventional data is put up.


Two major problems for a theory of coordinated movement are considered: The context-conditioned variability in the terminal variables of the motor apparatus, and the management of the large number of degrees of freedom that the motor apparatus attains. One approach to these problems argues that, in general, the free-variables of the motor apparatus are not controlled individually, but are partitioned into a smaller number of collectives, where each collective regulates internally and relatively autonomously a number of degrees of freedom. Another and closely related approach seeks to identify a system in which the responsibility for planning and executing an act is optimally distributed across the components of the system, This paper develops the concept of coordinative structure in concert with the first approach. Using the second approach, the paper lays the ground for showing that the perception and action systems participate in a style of organization in which the operational component and the context of constraint are wedded together into a single, relatively closed system. Such a system is referred to as a coalition, and it is claimed that a coalition is the minimum organization required to solve the problems of context-conditioned variability and degrees of freedom. 558 TURVEY ET AL. PART V 30. ISSUES IN THE THEORY OF ACTION 559 THE PROBLEMS OF CONTEXT-CONDITIONED VARIABILITY AND DEGREES OF FREEDOM


In this study two novel approaches are proposed to investigate precisely the low dose low LET radiation damage and its effect on bystander cells in real time. First, a flow shear model system, which would provide us a near in vivo situation where endothelial cells in the presence of extra cellular matrix experiencing continuous flow shear stress, will be used. Endothelial cells on matri-gel (simulated extra cellular matrix) will be subjected to physiological flow shear (that occurs in normal blood vessels). Second, a unique tool (Single nano particle/single live cell/single molecule microscopy and spectroscopy; Figure A) will be used to track the molecular trafficking by single live cell imaging. Single molecule chemical microscopy allows one to single out and study rare events that otherwise might be lost in assembled average measurement, and monitor many target single molecules simultaneously in real-time. Multi color single novel metal nanoparticle probes allow one to prepare multicolor probes (Figure B) to monitor many single components (events) simultaneously and perform multi-complex analysis in real-time. These nano-particles resist to photo bleaching and hence serve as probes for unlimited timeframe of analysis. Single live cell microscopy allows one to image many single cells simultaneously in real-time. With themore » combination of these unique tools, we will be able to study under near-physiological conditions the cellular and sub-cellular responses (even subtle changes at one molecule level) to low and very low doses of low LET radiation in real time (milli-second or nano-second) at sub-10 nanometer spatial resolution. This would allow us to precisely identify, at least in part, the molecular mediators that are responsible of radiation damage in the irradiated cells and the mediators that are responsible for initiating the signaling in the neighboring cells. Endothelial cells subjected to flow shear (2 dynes/cm2 or 16 dynes/cm2) and exposed to 0.1, 1 and 10 cGy on coverslips will be examined for (a) low LET radiation-induced alterations of cellular function and its physiological relevance in real time; and (b) radiation damage triggered bystander effect on the neighboring unirradiated cells. First, to determine the low LET radiation induced alteration of cellular function we will examine: (i) the real time transformation of single membrane transporters in single living cells; (ii) the pump efficiency of membrane efflux pump of live cells in real time at the molecular level; (iii) the kinetics of single-ligand receptor interaction on single live cell surface (Figure C); and (iv) alteration in chromosome replication in living cell. Second, to study the radiation triggered bystander responses, we will examine one of the key signaling pathway i.e. TNF- alpha/NF-kappa B mediated signaling. TNF-alpha specific nano particle sensors (green) will be developed to detect the releasing dynamics, transport mechanisms and ligand-receptor binding on live cell surface in real time. A second sensor (blue) will be developed to simultaneously monitor the track of NF-kB inside the cell. The proposed nano-particle optics approach would complement our DOE funded study on biochemical mechanisms of TNF-alpha- NF-kappa B-mediated bystander effect.« less


To investigate curcumin's protective effect on nerve damage caused by ketamine anesthesia via the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Rats and PC12 cells were used in this experiment to investigate the mechanism of nerve injury caused by ketamine anesthesia. Furthermore, our findings suggest that curcumin may affect oxidative stress and apoptosis by targeting the Nrf2 pathway, thereby alleviating the nerve injury caused by ketamine.


Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), as potential "seed cells" for periodontal tissue repair and regeneration, require to be expanded in vitro for a large scale. Senescence of PDLSCs occurred during long‐term culture may compromise the therapeutic effects of PDLSCs. Medium supplements may be useful in antisenescence. However, the effects and mechanisms of vitamin C (Vc) treatment on PDLSCs during long‐term culture are still unclear. In this study, we identified that Vc‐treated PDLSCs cells maintained a slender morphology, higher growth rate and migration capacity, stemness, and osteogenic differentiation capability during a long‐term culture. Moreover, we also identified that Notch3 was significantly upregulated during the cell senescence, and Vc treatment alleviated the senescence of PDLSCs through inhibition of Notch3 during long‐term culture. In summary, Vc treatment suppressed PDLSCs senescence by reducing the expression of Notch3 and might be a simple and useful strategy to inhibit cellular senescence during the cell long‐term culture.


To allow local storage of one or more portions of the data file, and a system and method for recording changes to the content of the data file is provided. In some embodiments, the first data file may be sent with a script that manages first data file to the client system. Changes to the data files may be stored locally, then be sent to the remote server upon reconnection of the network.


Insidious inner ear complications of otitis media have been and are being studied in our laboratory. The purpose of this paper is to review these studies, coordinate, capsulize and highlight the results with emphasis on the transport role of the round window membrane.


Crawling is the process behind a search engine, which served through the World Wide Web in a structured and with certain ethics. Applications that run the crawling process is called Web Crawler, also called web spider or web robot. The growth of mobile search services provider, followed by growth of a web crawler that can browse web pages in mobile content type. Crawler Web applications can be accessed by mobile devices and only web pages that type Mobile Content to be explored is the Web Crawler. Web Crawler duty is to collect a number of Mobile Content. A mobile application functions as a search application that will use the results from the Web Crawler. Crawler Web server consists of the Servlet, Mobile Content Filter and datastore. Servlet is a gateway connection between the client with the server. Datastore is the storage media crawling results. Mobile Content Filter selects a web page, only the appropriate web pages for mobile devices or with mobile content that will be forwarded.


Background: While limited research has been conducted among displaced people in the UK it is clear that mental health problems in this group are more prevalent than among the general population. Aims: To develop a better understanding of pre and post migration factors that may affect mental health of forced and elective immigrants from the former Yugoslavia and to use data to inform the measures of exposures and outcomes in a subsequent epidemiological study. Method: Focus groups and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 asylum seekers, refugees and migrants from the former Yugoslavia. Data were analyzed systematically using the Framework Analysis Method. Result: Participants focussed on impaired social functioning rather than emotional or psychological problems when describing the impact of their experiences on their health. Concerns were raised about access of secondary care services and the treatment they received within primary care. Conclusion: Preliminary work enabled us to identify the terms people use to describe their experiences, and to generate additional hypotheses on service utilization that will be tested in a subsequent cohort study. Declaration of interest: TD is funded by a Medical Research Council Health Services Training Fellowship.


Venkatesh et al. Int J Crit Care Emerg Med 2019, 5:064 Citation: Venkatesh H, Ramachandran S, Basu A, Nair H (2019) Extreme Hypernatraemia and Sepsis in a Patient with Huntington's Dementia: A Conundrum in Fluid Management. Int J Crit Care Emerg Med 5:064. doi.org/10.23937/2474-3674/1510064 Accepted: January 03, 2019: Published: January 05, 2019 Copyright: © 2019 Venkatesh H, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


The peep takes place everywhere. This paper aims to explain what the peep is, and to describe the scenes where the peep takes place. At last, the article tries to discuss two factors which affect the peep.


Objective
To analyze the histopathologic subtype "glioblastoma with oligodendroglioma component (GBMO)" based on the integrated diagnosis model by the 2016 WHO (World Health Organization) central nervous system tumor classification (2016 classification).

Methods
A total of 54 cases diagnosed as "GBMO" were extracted from the database of Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas(CGGA). Pyrosequencing method was used to detect isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique was employed to detect 1p/19q abnormalities. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. An integrated diagnosis was established based on the 2016 classification.

Results
Among the 54 patients, the incidence of IDH1 mutation was 37.1% (20/54) and the mutation occurred in 132 (exon 4). IDH2 mutation was not detected in this series. Chromosomal status could be assessed in 40 cases by FISH. The incidence of 1p deletion was 17.5%(7/40), 19p deletion was 20.0%(8/40) and 1p/19q co-deletion was 7.5% (3/40). According to the 2 molecular pathologic features of diffuse glioma by 2016 classification, the 40 patients could be divided into 3 groups: group of IDH wildtype (23 cases), group of IDH mutant and 1p/19q non-codeletion(14 cases), and group of IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion(3 cases). There was significantly differences among them in the median survival (P=0.008). The group of IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion had the best prognosis (32.3 months). The group of IDH mutant and 1p/19q non-codeletion had the median survival of 24.0 months. The group of IDH wildtype had the worst outcome (14.4 months).

Conclusion
Rather than an independent glioma subtype, the "GBMO" seems to be a combination of several tumor types with various molecular genetic and clinical biological characteristics.

Key words:
Glioma; Pathology, molecular; Glioblastomas with oligodendroglioma component; Integrated diagnosis


While argument mining has garnered attention over the years, its application in the financial sector remains nascent. This study presents a BERT-based ensemble learning approach tailored for sentiment analysis grounded in financial narratives, specifically focusing on unearthing arguments. For a nuanced analysis, we dissect the challenge into two pivotal subtasks using earnings conference call data: (1) Argument Unit Classification, and (2) Argument Relation Detection and Classification. Experimental results substantiate that our approach not only effectively forecasts both tasks but also outperforms the comparisons and achieve SOTA performance. This underscores the potential of our method in fine-grained argument understanding within financial analysis.


High‐resolution X‐ray diffraction (HRXRD) is an established technique for the characterization and metrology of epitaxial thin‐films. However, its use by the silicon semiconductor industry has been limited due to the stringent reliability, spot‐size and throughput requirements for in‐line measurement of product wafers. We have developed a new X‐ray metrology tool (called the JVX 7200) that meets these demands. The tool features a novel HRXRD channel that provides composition, relaxation and thickness information for SiGe and Si:C epitaxial films. It also combines an enhanced X‐ray reflectivity (XRR) channel to provide complementary thickness, density and roughness information on SiGe as well as other front‐end of line (FEOL) films, such as those found in high‐k gate/metal gate (HKMG) stacks. We describe the principles and capabilities of both the HRXRD and XRR channels and provide a comparison with conventional X‐ray systems. Representative data are presented to highlight the capabilities of the new tool.


: The Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) is an educational program which combines practical and unmatched leadership training. Military science courses are designed to prepare college students to develop their leadership, discipline and community awareness in response to the disaster risk reduction program of the community. To determine the effectiveness of the program of Bulacan State University ROTC unit and the result will be utilized as a basis for program enhancement. The study was conducted during the school year 2017-2018. The respondents of the study were the NSTP Director, Commandant and Staff, and Corps of Cadets . Descriptive statistics such as weighted mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage and rank were used in the study. The Commandant and Staff, the Basic and Advance Cadets are predictors of the ROTC Program. Findings from this study revealed that among the factors age and course of the Corps of Cadets is the only predictors in the effectiveness of ROTC Program in RAATI. Thus, the null hypothesis of the study stating that the variables respondents related profile, ROTC administration, ROTC components, ROTC scholarship program, Disaster Risk Reduction Management, Knowledge, attitudes and practices on disaster mitigation and preventionof BulSU ROTC unit do not predict the effectiveness of the ROTC program is partially sustained.


At present,complicated workflow modeling and dynamic workflow modeling become more important.To make up for the shortcomings of these existing modeling methods,hierarchical colored workflow net(HCWF-net) is proposed and based on hierarchical colored Petri net(HCPN) in the dissertation.Business processes can be modeled hierarchically by the hierarchical colored Petri net(HCPN). Since there are accurate semantics in the workflow process model based on hierarchical colored workflow net,rollback strategy of parallel tasks with transaction attribute can also be modeled by the model.


A. Kawałek (e-mail: email@example.com), T. Bajor, S. Sawicki, M. Krakowiak, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Poland H. Jurczak, Albatros LTD, Walcz, Poland The article presents the results of rheological testing of Al 5754 alloy in series 5xxx, obtained for deformation parameters corresponding to the process of extrusion of large-size sections on presses. The effect of deformation conditions on the variations in yield stress magnitude was determined. Then, using the least squares method., the actual values of the coefficients of the mathematical model describing the rheological properties of the material under investigation were determined, thus obtaining grounds for conducting the model studies of the extrusion process based on numerical methods.


The paper suggest an integration between naturalistic explanation of cultural phenomena (Dowkins 1976, 1998; Pleh 2003; Sperber 1985, 1990, 1996), which are based on causal laws in dissemination of information and social representations theory (Moscovici 1961, 1984, 2000), which is primarily interested in social dynamics of evolving and upholding representations in human groups. It argues that such an integration would lead to a better understanding of both the evolved human psychological architecture as well as cultural and social phenomena. The twin concepts of identity and narrative are suggested to bridge the gap between the two fields.


We designed a media access control (MAC) protocol for ATM based passive optical network (ATM-PON). The design of protocol is based on the frame structure of G.983.1(ITU T), ensure fair access to the subscribers and make full use of network resource. The protocol can support CBR/VBR, ABR and UBR services, ensure fair access to the subscribers and make full use of network resource. The CBR/VBR services are given a high priority, and ABR services are ensured a minimum cell rate. The remaining bandwidth is allocated to the UBR services.


The objective of this study is to analyze the value relevance of accounting fraud and discretionary accruals (positive and negative discretionary accruals) in French context during the period 2006-2010. Using the model of Ohlson (1995) which test the price and return model, we note that the price model provides a more significant result on the value relevance than the return model. In addition, fraud has a more significant and negative effect than discretionary accruals and even dilutes its existence in the price and return model. This finding proves the signals theory that bad information transferred quickly in the stock market.


According to this research, the effects of capital increasing on liquidity and then the effects percentages of institutional ownership on this relationship have been studied. Active companies in Iran's capital markets are considered as the statistical society during the period of 2003-2007 which is divided to capital increasing of cash receivable - demands and of the reserves. The results demonstrate that liquidity (stock turnover) is not affected by any type of capital raising methods, so after capital increasing no change is detected on this variable. Study of effects of different percentage of institutional ownership on the relationship between these variables, the conclusion obtained that the institutional ownership between 50 to 100 percents through the capital increasing of the cash receipts - demands make a positive effect on the relationship between these two variables.


Recent experimental works in our country on the bodily collapse of ring-stiffened circular cylindrical shells subjected to hydrostatic external pressure are almost concerned with welded and so initially deformed models in order to apply the results directly to the design of submarine hulls.But the results can not satisfactorily be explained by the analyses which makes use of exsisting theories, hereby the method of analysis which accommodates to such imperfect models seems to be needed very much.This report deals with a method for estimating the collapse pressure which relates to material strength and initial out-of-roundness as parameters. This method is based on the consideration that, when ring-stiffeners have some initial out-of-roundnesses and the model is loaded by uniform pressure, the stiffeners contract gradually while being bent in a certain circumferential mode, and finally when at least three plastic hinges occur at the adjacent positions on them, the stiffeners collapse locally and immediately after that a total model collapses generally. Some experimental results are refered to ascertain this method.


This paper introduces a method to adjust the gap distance of nanosecond gas switch from outside when it is filled with high pressure gas. By using a two-stage planetary gear train and a pinion-and-rack device the gap between the electrodes can be linearly adjusted. The adjusting precision is 0.05 mm and adjustment range is 0 to 10 mm. The sealing of the insulator ring, rotation axle and outside conductors is designed. The performance of the rotation axle is pretty well under 12MPa gas pressure, air leakage not found. Experimental study on switch discharging is carried out by using a high voltage nanosecond pulse generator. The results show the output voltage of the pulse can reach 600kV by adjusting the switch gap. The rise-time of the pulse can be shortened form 3.5ns to 1ns.


There has been increasing interest in autonomous driving these days. In this paper, pieces of information that are necessary in the future autonomous driving vehicle is analyzed based on drivers' preference. For the study, 38 information was extracted through the pilot study. Based on these pieces of information, user study was conducted among 30 drivers in the simulator environment, questioning how significant this information will be in the future autonomous driving environment. As a result, primary task related information is considered as the most crucial information in the future autonomous vehicle, secondary and tertiary task related information following in the respective order.


Photon-induced atomic fluorescence from alkali dimers Na2 and K2 at 500 K is studied theoretically. For these dimers, a single photon absorption is considered to make a transition from the populated bound rovibronic levels of the ground state X1Σg+ to the continuum of the excited state B1Πu, and the fluorescence emission intensity from the excited atoms is calculated quantum mechanically. RKR potentials are generated for the bound and excited electronic states, and the Franck−Condon factors are calculated from the analytical epxressions of the radial wave functions. Photon-induced atomic fluorescence intensity shows a variation with the energy of exciting photons. The intensity profile assumes an oscillatory nature.


This article analyzes the causes and factors of distribution of profanity among students. The data of the socio-pedagogical study the relationship of the Kursk to the problem of youth profanity. Generalized features of the socio-educational situation affecting the formation of the habit of profanity. Analyzed the current problems of pedagogical activities to prevent profanity and reduce the risk of degradation of verbal behavior of students.


The advancement in medical technology lead to the controlled monitoring of patients in recovery or at home even for patients with dementia. With all this progress the procedure for selecting viable donors remains for the most part unchanged. As such we present in this paper our idea which we will discuss in detail. The donor and patient will be filtered on a set of parameters before being listed as candidates. Rather than wasting time looking for potential matches, donors' locations are tracked and select candidates will be contacted with the patient details.


Abstract The authors discuss their experiences teaching an international distance learning class on cultural globalization that linked classrooms in the US, Singapore, and India. Introduction In the spring of 2002, the two authors worked with a third colleague and team-taught an interdisciplinary class on globalization and contemporary American and Asian culture. Such team-teaching is not, in and of itself, all that remarkable. What was remarkable was that the three of us taught our class simultaneously at three different schools located in three different countries: MIT (Cambridge, MA), the National University of Singapore, and the Center for the Study of Culture and Society in Bangalore, India. Many college instructors today would like to incorporate both Web technology and international perspectives into their classrooms, but are sometimes put off by the perceived difficulty of doing so. In this article we explain how we used the Web to teach this international distance learning class--and how it was easier to do than you might expect. Our course, "Transnational US-Asian Culture," combined face-to-face interaction in the classroom with online learning. Each instructor ran a traditional discussion-based class at their home institution, in which the students read, viewed, and listened to a wide array of primary and secondary material, discussed them in a seminar-style class setting, and wrote papers and gave oral presentations. The Web-based component consisted of an online discussion forum in which three classrooms came together to exchange views on the course material. The key to our course's success lay in the close tie between its subject matter and its use of technology. The interactions among students located in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and the US complemented the pedagogical aims of a course on US-Asian cultural interaction. This integration of subject matter and technology is pedagogically critical. In an age when students and faculty often feel pushed to use technology for the sake of using technology, we wanted to make technology work for us in sensible, effective, and logical ways. Our students were committed to the discussion forum because by participating in these transnational conversations, they became part of the very phenomenon they were studying. Putting the Course Together When Christina Klein of MIT began planning a class on globalization, she mentioned the idea of collaborative teaching to Ashish Rajadhyaksha, a prominent scholar of Indian cinema at the Center for the Study of Culture and Society (CSCS) in Bangalore, who was visiting the MIT campus. When he expressed enthusiasm for the idea, Klein sent inquiries to the National University of Singapore (NUS), where she had previously attended a conference, and to the graduate American Studies program at Doshisha University in Japan, where she had earlier delivered a lecture. Doshisha was unable to join the effort, but Jeffrey Partridge, an American who had earned his doctorate at NUS and was now an assistant professor in the English department, eagerly signed on. A crucial element in putting together the collaboration was finding students who were fluent readers and writers of English; because English is the language of instruction at both NUS and CSCS, these schools made logical choices. What this initial experience tells us is that in order to teach an international class, instructors must have some international contacts to draw on. This means that universities must provide funding for their faculty to attend international conferences and to invite speakers to campus from outside the US. Once our team was established, we turned to the task of designing a syllabus that would stimulate lively discussions among our diverse group of students without restricting each instructor to a set of texts that might not be wholly satisfying. Creating such a syllabus was the first--and biggest--challenge we faced. …


Empirical observation of volatility smile in stock returns and stable relative deviations in stock indices introduce new direction in modeling option pricing.Nonlinear stochastic model of population dynamics is a better alternative for the representative agent models in stock price movements.In behavioral finance,investors can be simplified into two categories with different trading strategies:the contrarian investors and the momentum investors.The birth-death process is introduced to describe stock price fluctuations.The general diffusion process can be obtained as a limiting case,so that we have a unified framework in understanding existing models in option pricing theory,including the geometric Brownian Motion,the model of Constant Elasticity of Varianc,the Residual Volatility and term structure of interest rates.Our model is capable of demonstrating volatility smile and stable relative deviation from real data.Parameter estimations and empirical tests are conducted in fitting SP500 indices and price forecast in index option.It is a better alternative to the Black-Scholes model in option pricing.


Tempeh is one food that is easily damaged. The use of probiotic microorganisms in the preparation of tempe is expected to increase the storability and quality of tempe sensory. This study aimed to determine the effect of the concentrations of wheat flour and the temperature storage to extend shelf life and to maintain the sensory properties of probiotic soybean tempe. This study used a Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with two factors and three replications. The first factor was the concentration of flour, consisting of 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% (b/v). The second factor was the storage in low temperature, consisting of 5°C, 10°C, and 15°C. The results showed that the shelf life of soybean tempe treated with probiotic microorganisms ranged from 12.33 to 17.33 days. The orthogonal polynomials of wheat flour and storage in low temperature affected on the increasing of color scores and texture of tempe, but significantly affected on the decreasing of flavor score and overall acceptance of tempe. The best probiotic soybean tempe was obtained by adding 0.6% flour and 5° C storage temperature that keep the shelf life of tempe until 17.33 days.


first plural, and vice versa, for which there often seemed to be no reason at all. Singular and plural are not, indeed, to be regarded as interchangeable, as Milligan (Thessalonians, 131 ff.), Dodd (Romans, 137), and Selwyn (i Peter, y ff.) agree ; but the existence of some reason for the transitions, apart from carelessness or caprice, has seldom been taken very seriously. It is the purpose of this article to show grounds for thinking that there is always a discernible reason for the use of ' I' or ' We,' even though the writer himself may not have been conscious of it. That is to say, when Paul wrote ' I,' he was thinking of himself as distinct from his companions, his hearers, and the Church in general, and of experiences which others could not share ; when he wrote ' we,' he


The rise of emerging economies and their increasing contributions to the world's economy has led to the development of the science of economics. China is a typical representative of emerging market economies. This economic phenomenon pushes the development of economic growth theory, and the problems in empirical analyses also promote econometric techniques. Though China is still a developing country, China has successfully dragged itself out of absolute poverty. Is the technique of China's economic development an alternative method for the struggle against the poverty of other poor countries? With the lack of modern international standard data, the empirical analyses of modern economic growth theories in the literature are generally focused on the period after the opening-up reform in 1978 or the period after the fiscal reform in 1993. In this thesis, the author attempts to extend the vision, by further analyzing China's economy using modern economic approaches since the foundation of the People's Republic of China in 1949. Alongside the wave of privatization, marketization, and liberalization in the countries of the former Soviet Union, socialist countries, and developing countries, China has also begun its economic reform since 1978 in which it has achieved great economic success. Chinese policymakers themselves contribute the rapid economic growth to the success of the institutional choice. For instance, Hu Jintao's report at the 17th Party Congress (2007) has the following assertion: "To sum up, the fundamental reason behind all our achievements and progress since the reform and opening up policy was introduced is that we have blazed a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and established a system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics." However, what does the so-called "socialism with Chinese characteristics" really mean? How does it work on the path of economic growth? All those interesting questions incite this thesis to explore the answers. [...]


Background:  Hemodialysis (HD) access‐related infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HD patients. We tested whether hypoalbuminemia is a risk factor for HD access infection and whether mortality of HD catheter infection is affected by removal of the infected catheter.


The invention discloses a glutinous rice powder with effects of promoting fluid production and supplementing blood. The glutinous powder comprises the following components in part by weight: 5-15 parts of red ginseng superfine powder, 10-20 parts of radix rehmanniae superfine powder and 65-85 parts of glutinous rice powder. The invention has the benefits of reducing fever, cooling blood, nourishing Yin, promoting fluid production, supplementing blood and keeping human health.


Multiple-skill call centers propagate rapidly with the development of telecommunications. An abundance of literature has already been published on call centers. Here, we want to focus on centers that would typically occur in business-to-business environments; these are call centers that handle many types of calls but where the arrival rate for each type is low. To find an optimal configuration, the integrality of the decision variables is a much more important issue than for larger call centers. The present paper proposes an approach that uses elements of combinatorial optimization to find optimal configurations. We develop an approximation method for the evaluation of the service performance. Next, we search for the minimum-cost configuration subject to service-level constraints using a branch-and-bound algorithm. What is at stake is to find the right balance between gains resulting from the economies of scale of pooling and the higher cost or cross-trained agents. The article shows that in most cases this method significantly decreases the staffing cost compared with configurations with only cross-trained or dedicated operators.


Follow Nursing Standard @NurseStandard and join the #NScomment chat on Thursdays at 12.30pm patterns (News October 1), but I doubt the government will take any notice of it because there will be cost implications. Having recently returned to nursing following a break I was launched into a 12-hour shift pattern. There is no paid handover period and the 12-hour day either stretches into 13 hours or the handovers are too quick and important information is missed as the overtired workforce head out of the door. Is it any wonder drug errors are made, vital signs are missed and care suffers? I challenge anyone to be at their best 11 hours into their second or third back-to-back shift. If nurses cannot even get a 1 per cent pay rise awarded by an independent body, what hope do we have of changing a shift pattern that saves money and that has become established as the norm? I wish nurses luck, but I am hanging up my apron after 30 years. Enough is enough.


Premenstrual syndrome are commonly found in many adolescent girls. There are several factors that contribute to the incidence of premenstrual syndrome such as hormonal changes, nutritional status, food intake, and lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that mostly affect the incidence of premenstrual syndrome in adolescent girls. This study used analytic observational design with cross sectional approach. As many as 100 adolescent girls in Brawijaya Smart School (BSS) Malang were randomly chosen to take a part in this stud . The independent variables in this study were total fat intake and intake of micronutrients (iron, potassium, calcium, vitamins B1 and B6) that measured by using Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) and the dependent variable was the severity premenstrual syndrome, as measured using Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ),. The results showed that some of the nutrient intake of food that was classified as less was iron intake (94%), potassium intake (95%), calcium intake 81%), intake of B1 and B6 (84% and 43%), while total fat intake mostly were  high (86%) and most respondents experienced moderate severity of premenstrual syndrome (97%). The conclusions of this study is the most influential factors on the premenstrual syndrome is iron intake.So it is necessary to increase iron intake in adolescent girls., especially food from animal products. Keywords: premenstrual syndrome, iron, calium, calcium, vitamine B1 and B6, total fat


Recently in a number of mass-media "the iridescent" opinion on rather effective work of the coal industry of Russia in 2009 Thus is expressed it is marked, what even during the crisis period the branch could increase essentially the export potential, having increased deliveries to foreign consumers, including steam coal by 1,2 %, coking coal on 5,7 %. But, whether it so? And in what the principal cause of increase in the Russian coal export in crisis is covered 2009.


Documents show that there is a strong positive correlation between changes in institutional ownership and returns measured over the same quarter.The results suggest that either institutional investors do more positive-feedback trade than individual investors or institutional herding impacts prices more than herding of individual investors.No evidence,however,shows the mean reversion of returns in the post-herding period.Stock institutional investors purchasing subsequently outperform those they sell,which means that they have more useful information than individual investors.Moreover,institutional herding is positively correlated with lag returns and appears to be related to stock return momentum.


High performance piezoelectric polymers are of interest to NASA as they may be useful for a variety of sensor applications. Over the past few years research on piezoelectric polymers has led to the development of promising high temperature piezoelectric responses in some novel polyimides. In this study, a series of polyimides have been studied with systematic variations in the diamine monomers which comprise the polyimide while holding the dianhydride constant. The effect of structural changes, including variations in the nature and concentration of dipolar groups, on the remanent polarization and piezoelectric coefficient is examined. Fundamental structure-piezoelectric property insight will enable the molecular design of polymers possessing distinct improvements over state-of-the-art piezoelectric polymers including enhanced polarization, polarization stability at elevated temperatures, and improved processability.


The utility model relates to an overtemperature monitoring alarm for the running of (ultra) high voltage charged bodies, of which the core part measuring alarm unit is composed of a sensing power source, a node thermometer, a shaping filtering voltage stabilizing circuit, a buzzer and a signal indicating circuit, wherein, the sensing power source supplies the measuring alarm unit with continuous reliable alternating current; the node thermometer is tightly attached to the surface of a monitoring point after isolated through heat conducting insulation materials, and the node thermometer is connected in series in an electric loop between the sensing power source and the shaping filtering voltage stabilizing circuit through an insulated conducting wire to realize the switch control function of overtemperature alarm; the output terminal of the shaping filtering voltage stabilizing circuit is connected with the buzzer and the signal indicating circuit. The utility model is provided with a receiving and uploading unit which is relatively independent with the measuring alarm unit keeps an effective audio signal receiving distance with the monitoring point. The alarm has the advantages of simplicity, safe performance and high precision, and also has the advantages that the functions of audio alarm and light emitting indication can be realized on the spots by the independent running of the measuring alarm unit, and the functions of overtemperature uploading alarm and long-distance management can be realized by the merged running of the measuring alarm unit and the receiving and uploading unit.


Background Hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrine disorders encountered in endocrine practice worldwide which is more prevalent in elderly and women and its prevalence varies according to population studied. Both type 1 and type 2 Diabetic patients have higher prevalence of hypothyroidism than normal population not for direct etiology rather due to autoimmune association and increasing age. Co-existing hypothyroidism may impose co-morbid effects of dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension and renal impairment on diabetic patients.
Objective This study was designed to find out frequency and association of clinical and sub-clinical hypothyroidism in adult type 2 diabetic subjects.
Method This was a cross sectional study conducted during the period of December 2009 to November 2010 in a tertiary care specialized hospital, (BIRDEM). Thyroid hormone (FT4 and TSH) was studied among 227 adult type 2 diabetic subjects.
Results Among 227 study subjects, female respondents were 67%. Age (in years) was as mean± SD (SE) and (95% CI): 53.95±11.6 (.77) and (52.44-55.47). Thyroid hormone (FT4 and TSH) was assayed. FT4 (in pmol/L) of this population was as mean± SD (SE) and (95% CI): 13.05±2.66 (.18) and (12.71-13.4) and TSH was (in μIU/ml) as mean± SD(SE) and (95% CI): 4.12±7.03(.47) and (3.2-5.04). Sixty nine (30.4%) of them were hypothyroid and rest 158 (69.6%) were euthyroid. Among the hypothyroid cases, 17.6% were cases of sub-clinical hypothyroidism and 12.8% were of clinical hypothyroidism.
Conclusion Diabetic population have higher prevalence of hypothyroidism. While planning therapeutic approaches for diabetic patients, clinical and sub clinical hypothyroidism always should be taken into consideration. Diabetic patients with or without complication particularly with poor glycemic control, should be routinely screened for hypothyroidism.
JBSA 2012; 25(1): 14-20


The phenomenon of aggressive behavior of people in society is one of the popular areas of research activity of sociologists and, of course, psychologists. Unfortunately, in the modern world, the number of cases of aggression among young people is growing. The world today has become very dangerous in many ways. In the first place among the destabilizing factors of peace stability is aggression in all possible forms. Aggression is a motivational behavior that can often cause physical or mental harm to the targets of attack. The study of human aggression allows not only a better understanding of human nature, but also contributes to the development of new ways to control it, the future of modern society depends on it.


The location of Beijing and Middle Beijing and its origin in "Manas", the heroic poem of Kirgiz,is the world theoretical mystery as there have existed so many sayings.This article analyzes it carefully and tried to find the evidence for the saying that "Manas" is a real person in the history,and "Manas" is the true history of Kirgiz people.It will be the possibility to fill in the gap of the history of the Kirgiz people during 10th-12th century.


This paper proposes the use of highly non-Keplerian trajectories enabled by solar radiation pressure and devices with variable area or reflectivity to map and characterize small asteroids. Strategies alternative to hovering involving a combination of retrograde and prograde orbits, together with inversions of the orbit direction by either maneuvers or exploiting the natural dynamics, are presented and analyzed. As opposed to terminator orbits, this alternating orbiter strategy allows direct overflies of the subsolar point and other equatorial regions. A simple cost comparison demonstrates a significant improvement with respect to traditional hovering strategies. Additional orbits of interest for hopper spacecraft are also discussed. Finally, various possible implementations of variable-area spacecraft that could provide the required solar radiation pressure control are suggested and discussed.


The finite-time P-PI controller has not been applied to a control problem having large observation noises. In this paper, the controller is applied to a position control of a magnetic levitation system. We show the effectiveness of the finite-time P-PI controller by computer simulation and experiments. Finally, we compare the controller with a traditional P-PI controller.


Among the enzymes whose activities are affected by pyridine nucleotides, the dehydrogenases are widely studied under the biochemical and physiological point of view. Their technological importance is based on the development of methods for clinical analyses as well as on the preparation of particular biosensors. In addition to dehydrogenases, other enzymes related to NAD and NADP play an important role in reactions where the pyridine nucleotides work as substrates instead of coenzymes. Some of these reactions are connected with pathological infections, such as bacteria toxins, whereas other enzymes, named NADases or NAD glycohydrolases, catalyze reactions normally occurring in fungi, mammalian seminal plasma, mammalian organs, and other tissues, leading to the breaking of the nicotinamide N-ribosidic bond in NAD(P). The enzymes from bacteria, fungi, and mammalian seminal plasma (EC 18.104.22.168) show a pure hydrolytic activity'-5 and yield nicotinamide and adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) according to the following reaction:


Using the regional climate model(RegCM3)nested global atmosphere ocean coupled model(BCC_CM1.0),two numerical simulation experiments give a forecast of summer average temperature and precipitation in the Eastern China.The 10-year hindcast experiments(1998-2007)gave a similar pattern of average temperature to observation,but the precipitation model was very different.The results by using Ps score and the simplified Ps are examined,and the Ps scores are 69.9and 60.9for the seasonal average temperature and precipitation,respectively,which suggest that RegCM3has some capabilities in predicting the major seasonal average temperature and rain belt,especially in the middle-south of the Eastern China for temperature and in east-south part for precipitation.Patterns of temperature anomaly and percentage of total precipitation anomaly are close to the observation in the real-time seasonal forecast in summer of 2010and the scores are 71.4and 55.3.Fortunately,RegCM3can reproduce some major climate events such as the extreme precipitation in Jiangxi Province.


Max Weber gave 35 courses of university lectures between 1892 and 1920, four being interrupted by illness and two terminated by his illness and death. Of the 35, 18 were given while he was a profes...


Describes the design of a 68070 based single Eurocard industrial controller designed for low cost control applications. The board provides RS232, digital and analog input/output, together with a large number of other features not normally associated with an embeddable computer of this size. >


Estimating the solar potential of roof areas suitable for photovoltaic panels can be aided by artificial neural networks identifying roof segments and their orientation in remote sensing imagery. A primary factor limiting the performance of such neural networks is the availability of training data, which is commonly generated in a time-consuming manual labeling process. In this project, a method was developed that uses roof positional information from existing semantic 3D city models to generate datasets of orthophoto crops of buildings with roof segment labels. The method was applied to create a large dataset of more than 120 000 samples from buildings in urban and rural regions in Bavaria. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained on this and four other, smaller datasets, including one consisting of more than 1800 manually labeled samples of a Bavarian town created from Google satellite imagery. This allowed a detailed performance comparison with respect to source, quality and amount of the data, and identification of benefits and drawbacks of training data derived from 3D city models. Overall, the results indicate a clear improvement in segmentation performance when the CNN is trained on the extended dataset. However, the CNNs also showed a considerable degree of specialization on the data source they were trained on: While the extended dataset did help the CNN's ability to generalize to images from a different data source (Google satellite imagery) to a limited extent, the strongest improvements were seen with aerial images from the same source. This and other findings discussed in this report offer potential for further investigations.


Objective
To explore the effectiveness of moderate intensity physical activity on cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in breast cancer patients during the convalescence in China.

Methods
A total of 61 participants were randomly assigned to two groups:30 cases in the control group, 31 cases in the experimental group. The two groups were given routine care and exercise prescription. The cases in the control group were informed of doing exercises according to physical condition. The experimental group did exercise by exercise prescription of 30-minute walk every day which met the American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines for moderate physical activity. The patients fatigue index and physical activity were compared, simultaneously the relationship between the two groups in the pre-cheo phase (T0), 1 week, after the end of chemotherapy (T1), and 1 month after chemotherapy (T2) was analyzed.

Results
In terms of the fatigue index, there was no statistical difference between the two groups during the T0 period (t= 0.967, P > 0.05). The experimental group at T1 and T2 were 6.31±0.81,4.71±0.94, significantly lower than those of the control group 6.92±0.79, 5.36±0.91, with a statistical difference (t= 2.987, 2.730, P 0.05). The experimental group at T1 and T2 was (716.94±71.09), (828.87±118.50) MET-minutes/week, significantly higher than the control group (562.00±94.47),(718.47±61.13) MET-minutes/week, with a statistical difference (t= 7.235, 4.548, P 0.05).

Conclusions
Moderate levels of physical activity can help improve the quality of life by means of significantly reduce CRF in patients with breast cancer during the convalescence.

Key words:
Breast neoplasm; Cancer-related fatigue; Physical activity


It is theoretically shown that the effective carrier photogeneration rate in a longitudinal photoresistor, which directly initiates the conversion of radiation into electric current, can be positive, zero, or negative, and in absolute value significantly exceed the true carrier photogeneration rate. The effects are due to photoinduced local space charge.


Background: The transition in the education system was parallel to the humankind and the technological revolution has been increasing issues in the education system around the globe. The shift in education system tends to understand how learning styles of students affect education quality with completely different forms of e-learning. Education 4.0 tackles society's desire in the 'innovative age'. Such education training will demonstrate the ability of the learner to use the latest technology to help the learner adapt as per the changes in society. Students in education 4.0 become more selfreliant in their own education, pressuring educators to accept a new function as administrators who might influence the learners across their education process. This paper aims to explore pandemic as a driver of enhancement of Education 4.0 in Nepal in terms of school level technology change. The paper applies the thorough review of the literature on Education 4.0 in wider perspective as well as in Nepalese context.