Optical enhancement conditions and read/write characteristics for exchange-coupled double-layer magneto-optical (MO) disks were investigated. It was found that the figure of merit (R(1/2)·θk) for an MO disk with a thick (60-nm) magnetic layer is comparable with that for a conventional MO disk with a thin (20-nm) magnetic layer, The writing noise level of the thick-magnetic-layered MO disk is markedly lower (2∼5dB) than that of the conventional one. An exchange-coupled double-layer (GdFeCo30-nm/TbFeCo30-nm) MO disk, which has a large Kerr rotation, moderate reflectivity, and low noise level, is suitable as a high-performance medium. This MO disk shows a C/N ratio of 45 dB for a wavelength of 680 nm, and a mark length of 0.67 μm when a 1.2-μm track pitch polycarbonate substrate is used.


Discussions of a possible appeals facility for ICSID often have the WTO Appellate Body as the model in mind. The question is whether this is the appropriate model. The Appellate Body's success in ensuring "'coherence and consistency'" in the development of WTO case law results in part because of certain attributes in its constitutional design (mandate, its size and its time-limited process) and partly because of the way it has acted in carrying out its functions. And, the Appellate Body has been assisted by the fact that it has had a steady load of cases that allow it to develop coherence and consistency in the law. The way it has dealt with procedural matters, developing an interpretative approach, developing an institutional sense in itself and panels, and seeking to balance trade with other social values, have been important considerations in its success as an appellate facility. While many of these matters might be replicated in an appeals facility for ICSID, the Appellate Body deals with a system of agreements that are interrelated and not with a series of separate agreements involving different parties. Furthermore, a key ingredient in the Appellate Body's success is that it hears appeals from a structured panel process that operates within a well-defined set of rules and practices and is supported by a secretariat that plays an important role in ensuring consistency in decision-making at the first instance level. In this regard, there is a significant difference between the WTO and the ICSID processes.


A theoretical discussion is presented of the phenomenon of cathode sputtering as it is related to high‐speed meteorites, i.e., to meteorites whose speeds are high enough to have reached the Earth from interstellar space. The drag and heat transfer are found to be markedly affected by sputtering, even when the most conservative estimates of sputtering‐yield and energy‐transfer efficiency are employed. The paper shows that theoretically sputtering can account in part, at least, for the discrepancy between meteor photographs, which show no extra‐solar meteorites, and certain visual‐telescopic data which, on the contrary, show a significant number of meteorites to have an extra‐solar origin.


Introduction Americans are undereducated. Section One Economic growth is linked with educational attainment. Section Two High wage premiums indicate that we need more college-educated workers. Section Three Income inequality is driven largely by access to college.


Understanding the fundamental chemical processes that govern combustion phenomena offer the opportunity to optimize combustion for improved engine efficiency and minimization of pollutant formation. The elementary reactions that govern the performance of a combustion system range from direct H-atom abstraction reactions to more complex reactions involving competing addition-elimination mechanisms. In order to understand these elementary processes, less complicated model systems are required that can successfully reproduce the primary characteristics of larger molecules involved in the combustion reactions. There is currently a growing shift away from gasoline towards less volatile fuels such as tar sands, oil shale and biofuels derived from plant matter. 1 In this context, the role of heterogeneous chemistry in the combustion process is very important since low volatility oxygenated fuels are directly injected into combustion chambers, coating cylinder walls, valves, and injectors with a liquid fuel films. Hydrocarbon molecules such as squalane, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and squalene are similar in structure to the long chain alkyl (methyl, ethyl, or propyl) esters found in biodiesel fuel and represent model systems to examine the fundamental heterogeneous reactions between hydrocarbon droplets and gas phase radicals and molecules. An atmospheric pressure flow tube reactor system composed of a droplet generation system, a flow tube reactor, and an analysis system is used in order to investigate for the first time the heterogeneous reaction of model system saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon aerosol droplets with carbon-based radical species such as CH3. The CH3 radicals are created along the length of the flow tube by photolysis of CH3I. The methyl radical reaction with hydrocarbon droplets may proceed via hydrogen atom abstraction or in the presence of C=C double bond via addition to the double bond. Preliminary results show no evidence of product formation after the reaction of CH3 radicals with saturated hydrocarbon squalane droplets. In contrast, the reaction of CH3 radical with the unsaturated squalene droplets reveal the appearance of new peaks at higher masses, attributed to methylated squalene. In addition, the mass spectrum shows evidence of squalene H loss. Peaks corresponding to SqI(CH3)n (n=0–3) were also identified. In this context, detailed investigations were performed in order to understand the influence of I atoms on the reaction mechanism.


the construction of gender in diverse sociocultural models, Jule highlights the idea that language users speak in ways that affect their lives and their cultural identities. In general, her whole work seems to be an effort to contribute to a more critical view of our own human connections. Speaking up is more than an introduction to theoretical research about language and gender: it is a call to action and transformation of social realities through self-reflection about our own practices.


AIM To study the effect of Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm. var. bracteatum (Willd.) Richter extract(CE) on memory of senescent mice and the relationship to neuron apoptosis. METHODS The aging mice were induced by consecutive ip injection of D-galactose (120 mg·kg~-1·d~-1) and NaNO2 (90 mg·kg~-1·d~-1) for 60 d. From d 47-60, CE 2.5, 5, 10 mg·kg~-1·d~-1 were given ig for 14 d. Step-down tests were performed to evaluate the learning and memory function in mice. The expressions of Bcl-2, caspase-3 and Bax protein in hippocampus tissue were studied by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS CE significantly improved the memory ability of aging mice. The latencies prolonged and the number of errors reduced in step-down test. The number of Bcl-2 positive cells in hippocampus of CE treated mice increased when compared with aging group, and the number of caspase-3 and Bax positive cells decreased. CONCLUSION CE can improve the memory ability of senescent mice. The mechanism may be that CE rectifies abnormal expression of apoptosis-related proteins and prevents neurons from apoptosis.


In order to investigate the possible reason for the improved device performances of amorphous In–Ga–Zn-O (a-IGZO) thin film transistors after thermal annealing, changes in the elemental concentrations in the a-IGZO channel regions and related device performances due to thermal annealing were observed. It was found that thermal annealing introduces a substantial level of oxygen deficiencies in the channel layer accompanying significantly enhanced device performances. The improved device performances are attributed to the oxygen deficiency which is believed to be averaged over the entire structure to function as shallow donors increasing the carrier concentrations. Such a deduction was supported by the changes in the absorption spectra of the a-IGZO films with various thermal histories.


The relationship between the total impact ionization rate and the measured substrate current is analyzed, using short-channel NMOS devices. It is shown that holes that are injected into the source and turn on the parasitic source-bulk-drain bipolar may actually be a significant portion of the total impact ionization current. The authors explain how the commonly used model, which ignores this bipolar effect, can lead to incorrect predictions regarding hot-electron degradation. A related criterion for maximum source-drain voltage during accelerated stress is discussed and justified.<<ETX>>


The channel formation process in a pentacene field effect transistor was studied by directly probing the carrier motion along the channel in the time domain and the capacitance changes in the frequency domain. With the source and drain electrodes short circuited and the voltage applied only to the gate electrode, the carrier injection from both top electrodes and its motion along the channel was still observable, implying an interface charging process driven by a self-induced electric field. In addition, it was found that when the source and drain electrodes were short circuited, the capacitance of the device was larger than the geometric capacitance and proportional to the channel length, which also supported the interface charging model. The relationship between the two approaches was also discussed.


Knowledge bases, which consist of a collection of entities, attributes, and the relations between them are widely used and important for many information retrieval tasks. Knowledge base schemas are often constructed manually using experts with specific domain knowledge for the field of interest. Once the knowledge base is generated then many tasks such as automatic content extraction and knowledge base population can be performed, which have so far been robustly studied by the Natural Language Processing community. However, the current approaches ignore visual information that could be used to build or populate these structured ontologies. Preliminary work on visual knowledge base construction only explores limited basic objects and scene relations. In this paper, we propose a novel multimodal pattern mining approach towards constructing a high-level "event" schema semi-automatically, which has the capability to extend text only methods for schema construction. We utilize a large unconstrained corpus of weakly-supervised image-caption pairs related to high-level events such as "attack" and "demonstration" to both discover visual aspects of an event, and name these visual components automatically. We compare our method with several state-of-the-art visual pattern mining approaches and demonstrate that our proposed method can achieve dramatic improvements in terms of the number of concepts discovered (33% gain), semantic consistence of visual patterns (52% gain), and correctness of pattern naming (150% gain).


The use of ecological principles to manage plant pests has attracted renewed attention, but our knowledge related to the contributions of ecological pest management to social and natural sustainability is fragmented. In this study, we compared the performance and resilience of tea production and the economic benefits of tea ecological management (TEM) and tea conventional management (TCM). We show that TEM significantly improved tea biomass and quality, nutritional efficiency, and beneficial insects, but reduced seasonal variation. As a result, economic return increased by $8045/ha in the TEM mode compared to $6064/ha in the TCM mode. These results confirm that TEM is a promising production mode that can reconcile the conflict between the immediate and long-term service of agriculture. However, environmental improvements associated with organic pest control benefit society, and the government should provide adequate financial support to promote the production system.


ABSTRACT The complexation and aggregation behavior of P,P′-di(2-elhylhexyl) ethanediphosphonic acid, H2DEH[EDP], a novel solvent extraction reagent for metal ions, was investigated. The aggregation of H2 DEH[EDP] was studied in toluene at 25 °C by vapor pressure osmometry. H2 DEH[EDP] was found to be hexameric in the concentration range 0.2 -0.005 m. Metal ions introduced into the organic phase were shown to have little effect on the aggregation of the extractant. The infrared spectra of metal containing solutions of the extractant and that of the ligand itself suggest that H2 DEH[EDP] exists in toluene as a cyclic hexamer similar to an inverted micelle with a large hydrophilic cavity. Ca(II), Ba(II), Eu(m), Fe(UJ), Th(IV) and U(VI) salts of H2 DEH[EDP] were also investigated. The infrared spectra of these compounds reveal that the asymmetric, VASYM(POO−), and symmetric, VASYM (POO−), phosphorus-oxygen stretching modes of the ligand are sensitive to the metal ion present. The shift of both VASYM (POO−) an...


The chapter seeks to contextualize the current period and focuses on trafficking in human beings and human smuggling. It examines the ways in which the French executive has resorted to irregular migration and regularizations as a means of managing migration flows in the post-war era yet has only recently focused on illegal entries and smuggling as well as trafficking. It then focuses on the consequences of "importing" new terms via the UN and EU to address complex phenomena such as prostitution in the French context. The chapter also examines the main issues that have entered the French political debate: foreign prostitutes on French streets, Romanian minors and migrants in the Calais region attempting to cross to the UK. It outlines the social phenomenon, determine the position of political parties, associations and state actors and study the dynamics of the policy debates. It focuses on the period between 1999 and 2004. Keywords: European Union (EU); foreign prostitutes; France; human smuggling; irregular migration; Romanian minors; social phenomenon; trafficking; United Nations (UN)


The increase in the total ionization produced by high‐energy α particles in Ar/C2F6 mixtures, which have conduction and insulation properties appropriate for use in diffuse discharge switching applications by addition of low ionization energy additives has been quantitatively studied. The energy to produce an electron‐positive ion pair (ip) W in C2F6 was found to be 34.7 eV/ip; this rather high value is attributed to the large cross section for electron impact‐induced dissociation of C2F6. The W values of Ar/C2F6 mixtures have also been measured and are reported; they increase with increasing C2F6 content. The W values of Ar/C2F6 binary gas mixtures have been found to decrease by addition of C2H2 or 2‐C4H8. Quantitative measurements of the W values of the ternary gas mixtures are reported. The amounts of C2H2 or 2‐C4H8 in Ar/C2F6, which maximize the increase in total ionization have been estimated; some of these ternary gas mixtures may be useful for diffuse discharge switches sustained by external electr...


A special sandal for the early treatment of hallux valgus is described. The deviation of the hallux is corrected by traction and brought to a middle position. Active correction is effective with every step.


Abridged version of a conference paper given at the 10th annual European Union Studies Association conference in Montreal, Canada, 17-19 May 2007.


Excluding non-melanoma skin cancer, breast cancer is one of the neoplasms that affect women worldwide. Its causes are related to genetic alterations and going through this field of research, the relationship between epigenetic mechanisms and the breast cancer suppressor genes, BRCA 1 and BRCA2 has been studied. The objective of this systematic literary review is to describe and correlate the epigenetic mechanisms related to the BRCA1 and BRCA2 suppressor genes in breast carcinoma, in addition, it addresses its position as a diagnostic method. For this purpose, searches were carried out on the bases of CAPES journals and articles were selected from 2005 to 2019. According to the selected findings, the epigenetic mechanisms most related to breast cancer are DNA methylation and microRNA. Both mechanisms can define the type of breast cancer and even what stage it is in through its level of expression. Due to such evidence, these mechanisms have a futuristic proposal as a diagnostic method using biomarkers.


Nine hundred twenty-four subjects aged ≥30 years were selected by systematic random sampling of houses. All subjects were interviewed using a standardized pro forma, and all were screened by 75 gm 'oral glucose tolerance™ test based on WHO criteria. SpeciÞ c prevalence rates for various factors were determined. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.


In the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with nonthermal plasma (NTP), gaseous oxygen is mandatory to oxidatively decompose VOCs. On the other hand, there have been disputed discussions on the additive effect of water in the decomposition of VOCs in NTP, but a unified mechanism has not been established yet. Both of VOC conversion and carbon balance can be affected by plasma reactor type, relative concentration of water, and gas temperature. Hence, the additive effect of water on the NTP decomposition of dichloromethane, toluene, and methanol was examined in the range of water content from 0.0 to 2.0 % at temperatures of 298 and 373 K. Consequently, it has been shown that no rate-promoting effect of water has been observed in the conversion of dichloromethane, toluene, or methanol from 0.5 to 2.0 % of water content, and water addition increased CO2 selectivity and improved carbon balance to different degrees, depending on the chemical structure of these VOCs.


Monopulse angle-tracking technology is more and more adopted in the antiship missile end-guidance radar,the ship should adopt the effective countermeasure combining with own characteristic.This paper introduces the principle of monopulse radar,operating mechanism of antiship missile end-guidance radar as well as the shipborne active jamming modes,especially focuses on the analysis of the noise frequency modulation jamming and range gate walkoff jamming,puts forward a reasonable jamming method,and deduces the required condition formula when the jamming is effective.


To provide a liquid droplet (液滴) a method for manufacturing a dried pattern forming substrate, the electro-optical device, the pattern forming substrate improves the uniformity of a pattern shape is formed and the method for manufacturing an electro-optical device according to the present invention, the light emitting forming a peripheral light-heat conversion layer (22) containing the infrared absorbing material (22a) on the element formation region 15, and the copper (同) droplet and the light emitting layer formation composed of a hole transport layer formation material solution on a light-heat conversion layer 22 the receiving hole (22h) for receiving liquid droplets made of a material solution was formed. And, by irradiating the infrared light on the front (全面) of the display surface (11b), copper (同) containing holes (22h) by the liquid drops, heating walls (22w) for through an infrared-absorbing material (22a) is heat formed in the to which was dried by heat.


In-depth research on the relationships between the load and the apparent temperature suggests that,in different ranges,the apparent temperature responds to the regional load in totally different ways.Two kinds of loads are classified accordingly asinto apparent temperature-sensitive one and the apparent temperature non-sensitive one,based on which two load forecasting methods are proposed in this paper.Both of the two methods are based on Radial Basis Function(RBF) Neural Network with the differentiated sample selection and handling applied to improve the applicability of the load forecasting model effectively.The method recommended in this paper is applied in the load forecasting of a certain city,and the results show that it the method,with its high precision and good practicability,is an effective one forin short-term load forecasting.


Majority illusion occurs in a social network when the majority of the network nodes belong to a certain type but each node's neighbours mostly belong to a different type, therefore creating the wrong perception, i.e., the illusion, that the majority type is different from the actual one. From a system engineering point of view, we want to devise algorithms to detect and, crucially, correct this undesirable phenomenon. In this paper we initiate the computational study of majority illusion in social networks, providing complexity results for its occurrence and avoidance. Namely, we show that identifying whether a network can be labelled such that majority illusion is present, as well as the problem of removing an illusion by adding or deleting edges of the network, are NP-complete problems.


There is little information about direct costs of acute asthma hospitalization in our country. This study was conducted for the purpose of determining such costs in a public hospital of the city of Buenos Aires. Clinical records of adult patients with acute asthma admitted to the Hospital General de Agudos Dr. J. M.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating effect of cyber-victimization (CV) and the moderating effect of academic stress (AS) in the link between smartphone addiction (SPA) and psychological distress (PD) among a sample of Vietnamese college students.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 423 college students participated in this study. Measures of SPA, CV, AS and PD were used for data collection. Using PROCESS macro software (Model 4 and Model 1) and the bootstrapping method, the author performed a mediation analysis and a moderation analysis.

Findings
Results indicated a significant mediating effect of CV in the link between SPA and PD. Moreover, this relationship was moderated by AS.

Originality/value
The findings could serve as a guide for future research and mental health professionals.


Lecture 19: LOCC and separable measurements In this lecture we will discuss measurements that can be collectively performed by two parties by means of local quantum operations and classical communication. Much of this discussion could be generalized to measurements implemented by more than two parties—but, as we have been doing for the last several lectures, we will restrict our attention to the bipartite case. Informally speaking, an LOCC measurement is one that can be implemented by two (or more) parties using only local quantum operations and classical communication. We must, however, choose a more precise mathematical definition if we are to prove mathematical statements concerning these objects. There are many ways one could formally define LOCC measurements; for simplicity we will choose a definition that makes use of the definition of LOCC channels we have already studied. Specifically, we will say that a measurement


Abstract Background We investigated the number of teeth in middle‐aged and older individuals with intellectual disability and evaluated the related factors. Methods A questionnaire survey on oral health was administered to 604 persons over 40 years old with intellectual disabilities in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. The questionnaire designed for this study included items on diagnosis of disability, severity of intellectual disability and type of residence. As oral‐health‐related factors, the proxy‐reported number of teeth, family dentist, regular dental check‐ups, problems during dental treatment and tooth‐brushing frequency were evaluated. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed using the proxy‐reported number of teeth (≥20, 10–19 or 0–9) as the dependent variable, and the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of independent variables were calculated. In addition, linear regression analysis was performed using the proxy‐reported number of teeth as the dependent variable. Results In the multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis, age, diagnosis of disability and type of residence were significantly associated with having 10–19 versus ≥20 teeth. Participants with autism spectrum disorder had a significantly lower OR for 10–19 teeth compared with those with intellectual disability [OR (95% CI): 0.49 (0.22–1.08)]. Age, diagnosis of disability, regular dental check‐ups and tooth‐brushing frequency were significantly associated with having 0–9 versus ≥20teeth. Participants with Down syndrome had a significantly higher OR for 0–9 teeth compared with those with intellectual disability [OR (95% CI): 3.17 (1.09–9.23)]. The ORs for 0–9 teeth of participants who did not attend regular dental check‐ups and who brushed their teeth 1 time/day compared with ≥3 times/day were significantly high, and the OR (95% CI) was 2.37 (1.06–5.30) and 4.76 (1.09–20.77), respectively. [Corrections made on 22 August 2022, after first online publication: in the previous sentence, "who attend" has been changed to "who did not attend".] In the multivariate linear regression analysis, age, diagnosis of disability and regular dental check‐ups were significantly associated with the proxy‐reported number of teeth. The proxy‐reported number of teeth was −0.42 less with each 1‐year increase in age. With autism spectrum disorder, the proxy‐reported number of teeth was 0.74 more compared with intellectual disability. In Down syndrome, the proxy‐reported number of teeth was −0.93 less compared with intellectual disability. The proxy‐reported number of teeth was −2.12 less for those who did not have regular dental check‐ups. Conclusions The number of teeth in middle‐aged and older individuals with intellectual disability was related to age and the type of disability. Regular dental visits may be effective at preventing tooth loss in middle‐aged and older persons with intellectual disability.


Aprotease helps cells dispose of certain ER proteins by cleaving them within the organelle's membrane, [Boname et al.][1] reveal.

Cells send damaged or unneeded ER proteins back to the cytosol for destruction by the proteasome. A key step in this process is ubiquitylation of the doomed protein by


The current ITU rain attenuation model that is used in the design of satellite-earth communication link was derived using data collected predominantly from temperate regions and has limitations when applied to tropical and equatorial regions that are characterized by heavy rainfall. Elevation and frequency scaling was applied to the rain attenuation data obtained from tropical and equatorial regions to validate the linear relationship for rain rates above 90 mm/h in the TPRA model. Analysis of the data from these regions also confirms the linear relationship between the rain attenuation and rain rates above 90 mm/h. The TPRA model can be considered as an alternative model for a reliable satellite-earth link for use in the tropical and equatorial regions.


In an article published in Nature Genetics, researchers confirm that about 14% of all cases of cerebral palsy, a disabling brain disorder for which there are no cures, may be linked to a patient's genes and suggest that many of those genes control how brain circuits become wired during early development. This conclusion is based on the largest genetic study of cerebral palsy ever conducted. The results led to recommended changes in the treatment of at least three patients, highlighting the importance of understanding the role genes play in the disorder. The work was largely funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), part of the National Institutes of Health.


Purpose – This paper aims to examine the negative effects of events on residents ' quality of life. Particularly, the paper analyses the speci fi c negative effects generated via " overtourism " for the duration of large-scalemusic festivals. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses a case study method approach to examine the negative effects that UNTOLD, the largest music festival in Romania, has on residents ' quality of life. The caseis analysed via a comprehensivedesk researchof secondary data from industry andacademicsources. Findings – Despite its success and the positive economic impact UNTOLD festival had on the host city, several issues have a negative impact on residents ' quality of life and well-being. The negative impacts are noise pollution, vandalism and crime, traf fi c and parking issues, waste and damages to the natural environment,pressure onandover usageoflocal servicesandinfrastructure andtheincreasedcostof living. Social implications – Whilst organisers, local businesses and local authorities are the main parties bene fi ting from events, residents mainly feelthe negative impact. Organisers, local authorities and businesses need to minimise the negative effects residents ' experience during the event by building sustainable partnerships and taking a more hands-on approach to sustainable and socially responsible practices. Current andpotentialinitiatives arediscussed in thepaper. Originality/value – This paper examines the negative impacts events may have on residents ' quality of life and discusses the case of a large-scale music festival, an under-researched context. The analysis and discussion may assist scholars and industry experts alike in generating new debates in sustainable event management practices, as well as festival organisers and public authorities in developing strategies for avoiding,containing orminimising thenegativeeffects of events.


Multiple‐scatter and shadowing effects are included in an extended theory of high‐frequency scattering from a surface rough in one dimension. The single‐scatter probability of slopes relation, corrected for shadowing, is an immediate consequence for any stationary random process. The double‐scatter contribution (shadow corrected) is derived as well, and it provides a significant correction for surfaces with appreciable rms slope. The total power scattered by a perfectly reflecting rough surface is numerically evaluated as a test of energy conservation; the results show that the double‐scatter formulation is substantially more accurate than the conventional single‐scatter, unshadowed theory, particularly in the cases of large angles of incidence or very rough surfaces.


For a long time, the regional economy of China is the developing model of rural leading type. Now this model has come to an end. It must be transformed into the development model of regional economy of urban leading type. This requires that we should regard cities as the focal point of development and advance the regional economy development strategy of urbanization. This is a base for constructing the urban economic circle of the integration of urban and rural areas. The formation of urban economic circle should break the administrative line. We should implement this development strategy and explore new ways for development in order to strengthen the urban economic power progressively and spur the new development of the regional economy.


In the 20th century, the advent of neuroimaging dramatically altered the field of neurologic care. However, despite iterative advances since the invention of CT and MRI, little progress has been made to bring MR neuroimaging to the point of care. Recently, the emergence of a low-field (<1 T) portable MRI (pMRI) is setting the stage to revolutionize the landscape of accessible neuroimaging. Users can transport the pMRI into a variety of locations, using a standard 110–220 V wall outlet. In this article, we discuss current applications for pMRI, including in the acute and critical care settings, the barriers to broad implementation, and future opportunities.


We analyze the important role of four-phonon processes (4pp) in isotropic phonon systems of superfluid helium. The matrix elements and the rate of four-phonon processes are calculated. Special consideration is given to the 4pp in the momentum range where three-phonon processes are allowed. In this momentum range, we show that the 4pp scattering rate, at small angles, is equal to the scattering rate due to three-phonon processes. Then we show that the coefficient of first viscosity of superfluid helium is caused by two processes: the first is due to the transverse relaxation caused by many three-phonon processes, and the second is due to four-phonon processes. The relaxation time that governs the viscosity is obtained from the sum of the rates due to these two processes. The temperature dependence of the attenuation coefficient of a pulse of high-energy phonons in He II, due to scattering with thermal phonons, is also calculated. The theoretical results are compared with experimental data and found to be i...


The noise properties of a fully stabilized 1.5-μm diode-pumped solid-state laser frequency comb are analyzed. The locked CEO-beat has an integrated phase noise of ~0.75 rad and the optical carrier stability is 5x10-13 at 1 sec.


In this era of abundant space–time geographic information systems (GIS) data, one challenge in GIScience is to adapt and improve current GIS environments to facilitate new ways of space–time thinking and to fully exploit the information in these data. This article focuses on the use of spatiotemporal data transformations using the construct of a space–time cube, which is a space–time coordinate space with geographical horizontal axes and a temporal vertical axis. I have chosen three examples in which the concept of space–time cubes is applied to different themes and on different scales to illustrate how diverse subjects can be interpreted with space–time analysis and transformations of space–time data. The transformation functions, such as space–time overlays, interpolation, and surface operations, can be understood as natural extensions of popular analytical operations already present in current GIS and should be intrinsic in the next generation of GIS to handle the dense space–time information that is available to us.


In-situ observation on the self designed thermal spraying metal coating for long time protection to the jackets of Center No. 2 platform in the Shengli Oil Field in Chengdao showed that the spraying aluminum coating had good corrosion resistant effect on the marine platform. The base was protected from corrosion even when the organic painting on surface had fallen off. Mere aluminum coating could not provide good electrochemical protection to the base near the water line.The coating's protective effect in the marine atmosphere zone did not decrease even when the organic paint on the surface was scuffed up or had dropped. The organic paint used to seal the spraying metal coating must have high cohesive affinity and penetration. The two years experiment in the open sea showed that the most economic and effective protective method is to spray zinc coating first, then spray aluminum coating and then to seal the metal coatings with alloprene paint.


Hypersthene and pigeonite occurring as microphenocrysts in the groundmass of hypersthene-olivine andesite from Hakone volcano 'vrere analyzed. They are almost identical in composition except that the pigeonite contains 4.06/s CaO whereas the hypersthene contains 2.67 /s CaO. The mode of occurrence of these pyroxenes indicates that this difference in CaO content corresponds to the difierence in composition across the inversion interval between the two pyroxenes in the magma. The unusually high CaO content of the hypersthene is discussed.


Abstract Addressed herein is the effective catalytic performance of palladium nanoparticles supported on mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg-CN/Pd) for the Heck coupling reaction of alkenes with various aryl halides. The presented catalytic C–C bond formation reaction was carried out in a high-pressure glass tube for 4 hours in an aqueous solution EtOH/H2O (v/v 2/1). The corresponding alkene products were obtained in relatively high yields as E-selective under the optimized conditions. The catalyst's utility in the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction was also investigated under almost identical conditions. Moreover, these reactions proceeded smoothly with both electron-rich and electron-deficient aryl iodides and aryl bromides. The nanocatalyst can be recovered from the reaction medium by centrifugation. It can be reused by preserving approximately 92% of its initial catalytic activity after the five consecutive reactions. Graphical Abstract


A hydropower station in northwest China is located in the middle part of the Northern Tianshan geosynclinal fold belt where is in the south of the Junggar-Northern Tianshan fold system.Based on the study of the related debris flow locations' formation conditions,the motion characteristics of debris flow are studied here such as flow velocity,flow discharge,impulsive force and so on.The study results show that in Xicha and Xueshui Valley,the debris flow has a certain size,while in Baqian and Bahou Valley,the debris flow's size is small and the frequency of occurrence is low,so the influence to the hydropower station is limited.In addition,for Xicha and Xueshui Valley,the debris flow's size in 10 or 50 years is not large relatively to the reservoir capacity,so the damage to the hydropower station is also small.


I entered the field of control as a Ph.D. student in September 1965, over 40 years ago. A couple of years before, Roger Brockett and Michael Athans had joined the Electrical Engineering faculty ofMIT. They introduced Modern Control Theory, as the state space approach was called then, as a research activity and had set up a graduate curriculum in this area. In my first semester, I took courses on optimal control a la Pontryagin and on the state space theory of systems. This last course was given for the first time atMIT. On the West Coast of the US, similar courses existed already a few years earlier. Later, I taught this course myself many many times. It became my favorite subject. After my Ph.D., I joined the control group of the Electrical Engineering department of MIT as an assistant professor. I spent 5 years in that capacity, with a one-year leave of absence as a postdoc at the University of Cambridge in the UK. In 1973, I was appointed Professor of Systems and Control in the Mathematics department of the University of Groningen. In 2003, I became Emeritus. Presently, I am Guest Professor with ESAT (the department of Electrical Engineering) of the K.U. Leuven in Belgium. During my career, I had the privilege to serve as supervisor to a number of very talented Ph.D. students, 'promovendi', many of whom became important contributors to the field. The number of my Ph.D. students or postdocs at any time was never large, typically 2 or 3. With some of them, I discussed research almost on a daily basis. Working together with these young people has been an important part of my modus operandi of doing research. I also did my chores on the administrative level, as conference organizer, stints as head of my department, as president of the Dutch Mathematical Society and of the European Union Control Association. I was initiator of a graduate program (later called DISC) in Systems and Control on the national level in the Netherlands. I also did more than my share of editorial work, in particular as managing editor of SIAM Journal of Control for 5 years, and of Systems & Control Letters for the first 15 years of its existence. These professional 'service' contributions rate very high with the public. Nevertheless, I consider them as secondary to research and teaching. But I wouldn't go as far as Paul Halmos, who in his authomathography calls (his) service activities a cop-out. Many personal experiences shaped my views on control, system theory, mathematics, and science, but the two dominating influences surely are: (1) my formative years as a Ph.D. student and a beginning researcher at MIT in the US, and (2) my 30 years as a mathematics professor in the Netherlands. In this article, I wish to make a few observations about the development of the field since the 1960s until now, as I experienced them personally. The research themes which I talk about are mainly those I was directly involved in. I am not a member of what one would call the first generation of researchers in modern control theory, but of the first generation of persons who were taught a full curriculum in the area. During my years at MIT, I had the good fortune to become personally acquainted and develop close professional relationships with many of the pioneers of the subject, among


This research presents the works related with the human emotional affected by Quran recitation. Recitation of the Holy Quran is governed by a variety of rules called "Tajweed rules". There are many factors that affect the human emotion like heart rate variability and breathing behaviour, internal and external to the human body. Quran recitation produced a significant relaxation which may be due to that Quran has specific effect on human heart which lead to effect some hormone and chemical are responsible for relaxation.


1. The Politics of Becoming European 2. Dialogical Understanding of Collective Identity Formation 3. Liminality in the Politics of Becoming 4. 'Becoming European' as Identity Politics: Europe and Old and New 5. The Memory Politics of Becoming European: The East European Subalterns and the Collective Memory of Europe 6. The 'Carnival' of Iraq as the Meeting Point for Identity, Memory and Security Politics of Becoming European 7. Conclusion: How We Become What We Are


The survey of healthy behavior risk of American college students finds that with the rapid development of information age,internet addiction,obsession with TV and other ill sedentary behaviors are serious threats to the physical and mental health of adolescents.At the same time,the degree of adolescents' participation in leisure-time physical activities is dropping down sharply.This issue has attracted much attention of western society and some related personnel.At present,the researchers in foreign countries have made the study on the influential factors for adolescents' participation in leisure-time physical activities according to self-determination theory and cross theory model theory,and pointed out some countermeasures to promote adolescents' participation in leisure-time physical activities.In China,as a result of the high pressure from entering higher school and the high burden of students' lesson,we are all concerned about physical and mental health of students and the state of sports.So we look forward to making valuable research on Chinese adolescents' health education.


Studies focusing on the analysis of social science teaching methods constitute a relevant line of research in the field of social science teaching. Its importance lies in the need to understand how disciplines such as history, geography and art are taught, in order to identify shortcomings and improve teacher training. The main objective of this work is therefore to find out how teachers perceive the way they teach history to students. The research methodology is quantitative, with a non-experimental design based on a Likert scale questionnaire. The analyses carried out are of a descriptive and inferential statistical type. The non-probabilistic sample consists of 332 teachers who teach Social Sciences in the stages of Primary and Secondary Education in Spain. The results show that the most student-centred methods and strategies are those most highly valued by teachers, as well as teaching that encourages the development of critical thinking in students. It is concluded that, from the teachers' point of view, a traditional methodology is being left behind because of improved initial and in-service teacher training.


The current educational context in British Columbia is characterized by standardsbased curriculum mandates that are narrowing teaching and learning practices, and auditoriented policies that are causing 'accountamania' amongst educators. This study is based on the belief that such directives not only restrict conceptions of teaching and learning, but by attempting to impose certainty in an inherently uncertain endeavour like teaching, they disregard the critical role of teacher deliberations and judgment. The purpose of this research study was to illustrate and examine the highly complex deliberative processes in which teachers engage. More specifically, the study sought to understand the considerations that teachers take into account when teaching, and, how teachers conceive of their deliberative processes. Drawing on the Aristotelian notion of "phronesis," a key assumption was that there is a relationship between teachers' overt actions and their tacit deliberations, and that both are key to children's learning. This study involved three case studies of teachers engaging in conversations about their practical judgments as they observed video-recordings of their teaching. When deliberating on their actions, participants prioritized: student connections, individual student accommodations, time constraints, lesson momentum, valuing students, and instructional pacing. These particulars were all considered to be in the best interest of the students but they frequently presented dilemmas for the teachers (i.e. meaningful student connections vs. curricular time constraints; and individual accommodations vs. class momentum). The participants understood their deliberative processes to involve managing the resultant tensions by drawing on their practical judgement, which was largely


Tertiary institutions in South Africa are currently grappling not only with how to produce more qualified scientists and engineers, but also how to produce graduates that can respond appropriately to the many challenges faced by developing countries (Lawless, 2005; Martin, Maytham, Case & Fraser, 2005). This is, of course, not a new challenge and South Africa has a long history of 'academic development' work in these disciplines aimed at mitigating the legacy of the apartheid education system.


Let G1 =( V1 ,E 1 )a ndG2 =( V2 ,E 2) be two graphs with disjoint vertex sets V1 and V2. Let u1 ∈ V1 and u2 ∈ V2. The bridge graph of these two graphs with respect to u1 and u2 is the graph whose vertex set is V1 ∪ V2 and edge set E1 ∪ E2 ∪{ e = u1u2} ,w heree = u1u2 is a new edge. In this paper we calculate the Szeged, edge-Szeged, PI ,v ertex- PI and eccentric connectivity indices of bridge graphs.


Teaching resource is the key factor during the course of teaching. In the construction of it,there are some problems such as redundancy,inefficient use,imbalance in different areas,low quality,scarcity in types and so forth.To solve these problems,the most important thing we should do is to update the educational idea and theory,keep the criterion published by the nation,optimize the configuration of source,keep the foundation of teaching and coordinate the relation between purchase and development.


Finding fast solutions for the electromagnetic (EM) scattering by dielectric objects buried in lossy earth is very important in near-surface geophysical exploration and landmine detection. Although conjugate gradient fast Fourier transform (CG-FFT) algorithms are much more efficient than the conventional method of moments (MoM), they are still not fast enough because many iterations are required. Consequently, some approximate methods, like the Born approximation and the extended Born (ExBorn) approximation, are usually used in the detection of buried objects. The ExBorn approximation is the more accurate, but it requires O(N/sup 2/) computational complexity (N is the number of unknowns). Recently, we proposed a fast ExBorn method using the FFT technique (Cui, T.J. et al., IEEE APS Int. Symp., vol.II, p.570-3, 2002), where the computational complexity is proportional to CN log N with a small coefficient C. Hence, ExBorn is much more efficient than the CG-FFT algorithm. However, the ExBorn approximation is less accurate when the target contrast is high. We derive high-order ExBorn approximations, all of which have closed-form expressions. Using the FFT technique, these approximations can be evaluated at a cost of O(N log N). Compared with full-wave analysis, high-order ExBorn approximations are more accurate than ExBorn.


Endometriosis is defined as the presence of the endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity, primarily on the pelvic peritoneum, and ovaries. The main symptoms are chronic pelvic pain, pain during intercourse, and infertility. High CXCR4 mRNA levels were reported in endometriotic lesions in a rat model of endometriosis and protein expression is higher in human endometriosis tissues compared to control endometrium. CXCR4 is a G‐protein coupled receptor, activated by its specific ligand, chemokine stromal cell‐derived factor (CXCL12). CXCR4 is predominantly expressed by endometrial epithelial cells (EEC) and its ligand, CXCL12, by endometrial stromal cells. The CXCR4‐ CXCL12 axis is a potent inducer of angiogenesis, migration/invasion and cell proliferation. It has been shown that the CXCR4‐CXCL12 axis can induce angiogenesis by inducing expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We hypothesize that CXCL12 can induce the expression of VEGF and its receptors, (VEGFR1 and VEGFR2) in EEC. The aim of this study is to determine if CXCL12 induce the expression of the angiogenic factors, VEGF and its receptors, in EEC. Cells were incubated with hrCXCL12α, and the expression of VEGF and its receptors was assessed by ELISA and Western blot, respectively. Preliminary results showed that EEC only expresses VEGFR1. We expect to determine the effects of CXCL12 in the expression of the angiogenic factors studied in EEC and endometriotic epithelial cells. Our findings may have implications for future therapeutical strategies that may target the angiogenic components of endometriosis. R25GM096955, 1R25‐GM082406


India is one of the world's emerging economies, with impressive economic growth. While this growth has increased the income of a very small section of the population, India has the largest number of poor people in the world. The country has the world's third largest number of billionaires and still millions of children are out of school; many millions of children do not live to the age of five; many millions of mothers die in childbirth. Despite economic growth, the country faces challenges of social and economic inequalities, urban-centred economic growth and shrinking civic spaces. While economic growth indeed made a difference to the large middle class, it is yet to 'trickle down' to rural poor, farmers and a vast number of poor and marginalized people, including Dalits (Scheduled Castes) and Adivasis (Scheduled Tribes), which make up 25 percent of the population. The environment is under increasing stress and there is a vibrant discussion about the consequences of mining and other disruptive activities on forests and environment and the implications for climate change. On the one hand, economic growth provides resources for


GaAs-based nanowires are attractive building blocks for the development of future (opto)electronic devices owing to their excellent intrinsic material properties, such as the direct band gap and high electron mobility. A pre-requisite for the implementation of novel functionalities on a single Si chip is the monolithic integration of the nanowires on the well-established Si complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) platform with precise control of the nanowire growth process. The self-catalyzed (Ga-assisted) growth of GaAs nanowires on Si(111) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy has offered the possibility to obtain vertical nanowires with predominant zinc blende structure, while potential contamination by external catalysts like Au is eliminated. Although the growth mechanism is fairly well understood, control of the nucleation stage, the nanowire number density and the crystal structure has been proven rather challenging. Moreover, conventional growth processes are typically performed at relatively high substrate temperatures in the range of 560-630 C, which limit their application to the industrial Si platform. This thesis provides two original methods in order to tackle the aforementioned challenges in the conventional growth processes. In the first part of this thesis, a simple surface modification procedure (SMP) for the in situ preparation of native-SiOx/Si(111) substrates has been developed. Using a pre-growth treatment of the substrates with Ga droplets and two annealing cycles, the SMP enables highly synchronized nucleation of all nanowires on their substrate and thus, the growth of exceptionally uniform GaAs nanowire ensembles with sub-Poissonian length distributions. Moreover, the nanowire number density can be tuned within three orders of magnitude and independent of the nanowire dimensions without prior ex situ patterning of the substrate. This work delivers a fundamental understanding of the nucleation kinetics of Ga droplets on native-SiOx and their interaction with SiOx, and confirms theoretical predictions about the socalled nucleation antibunching, the temporal anti-correlation of consecutive nucleation events. In the second part of this thesis, an alternative method called droplet-confined alternate-pulsed epitaxy (DCAPE) for the self-catalyzed growth of GaAs nanowires and GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs axial nanowire heterostructures has been developed. DCAPE enables nanowire growth at unconventional, low temperatures in the range of 450-550 C and is compatible with the standard Si-CMOS platform. The novel growth approach allows one to precisely control the crystal structure of the nanowires and, thus, to produce defect-free pure zinc blende GaAs-based nanowires. The strength of DCAPE is further highlighted by the controlled growth of GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs axial quantum well nanowires with abrupt interfaces and tunable thickness and Al-content of the AlxGa1−xAs sections. The GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs axial nanowire heterostructures are interesting for applications as single photon emitters with tunable emission wavelength, when they are overgrown with thick lattice-mismatched InxAl1−xAs layers in a core-shell fashion. All results presented in this thesis contribute to paving the way for a successful monolithic integration of highly uniform GaAs-based nanowires with controlled number density, dimensions and crystal structure on the mature Si platform.


Determination of input loading rates from tributaries is an essential component of nutrients mass balance studies on lagoon coastal waters . Small Mediterranean catchments are subject to short duration flood events which flow the main part of the annual loads. This paper describes a statistical modelling approach based on data collected at flood scale. The objective is to predict particulate phosphorus (PP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and total suspended sediment (TSS) loads during floods. Flash floods have been monitored in three small Mediterranean catchments located near the sea coast in the south of France. The three catchments differs from geological aspects, land-use and land covers patterns. The temporal evolutions of nutrients concentrations (total phosphorus, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, ...) have been measured. Continuous rainfall and discharge data are also available for each event. The nutrients loads have been calculated for twenty one sampled floods. The statistical analysis investigating relationships between flood descriptors, hydrological conditions, basin characteristics and phosphorus and sediment flood exports demonstrates that the maximum flood discharge appears as the best explicative factor for soluble reactive phosphorus, particulate phosphorus and total suspended sediments. Nevertheless, since the available dataset is small, the main explicative factor is largely dependent on the calibration dataset used.


We investigate the existence of nonnegative solutions for a nonlinear problem involving the fractional p-Laplacian operator. The problem is set on a unbounded domain, and compactness issues have to be handled.


Twenty‐three patients with frequent symptomatic urinary infection were treated for six months with a single daily dose of cephalexin taken orally. Therapy was acceptable to the patients and significantly effective in keeping patients asymptomatic and infection free.


There are medical, legal, and ethical reasons for supporting language access for less proficient speakers of English who enter the U.S. health system. Article describes policy and regulations that attempt to redress inadequacies in the system. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.


Cryogenic crystals are among the simplest of systems in which details of many-body photodynamics can be investigated by iterating between experiment and simulation. While classical simulations of many particles are straightforward, dynamical treatments of many quantum degrees of freedom pose serious difficulties. At cryogenic temperatures, zeropoint effects pose such a problem. To delineate the importance of such effects on dynamics we suffice by citing two examples. It has recently been demonstrated that femtosecond time resolved studies represent a uniquely powerful tool for the study of dynamics in cryogenic solids. 1 The information content in such measurements is directly related to the extent of classical coherence in the evolving dynamics. The extent of coherence has been demonstrated to be determined by the initial coordinate space distribution; which in turn, is controlled by zero-point amplitudes of lattice vibrations. 1 In another example, in statistical treatments of photodissociation quantum yields, it has been shown that dissociation probabilities near the energetic threshold are strictly determined by zero-point amplitudes of lattice vibrations, an effect that could not be treated by classical simulations alone. 2 Approximate methods, tailored to particular applications exist. 3‐ 6 In the case of the time resolved studies, 1 temperature scaling was used as a method to account for the quantum amplitudes. 6 The systems mentioned above pertain to classical van der Waals solids, in which the quantum effects come into prominence due to the low working temperatures. Clearly the considerations are more severe in quantum hosts. We have in mind the significant body of recent work on spectroscopic studies of impurities isolated in condensed He, 7 and H 2 . 8 Quite clearly, strictly classical simulations of dynamics in such media completely fail, and as we show below, temperature scaling yields completely unrealistic results. Convenient methods for incorporating quantum effects in dynamical simulations in an approximate, nevertheless, useful manner remain desirable. The most common approach for simulating quantum


Bilateral renal masses are uncommon but can raise a strong suspicion of primary or secondary malignan- cy, especially during the initial work-up of an oncology patient. Renal oncocytomas are benign renal tumors that are commonly discovered incidentally on diagnostic imaging with a small percentage occurring bilaterally. Although 18 F-FDG uptake in renal oncocytomas has been described, a case of a bilateral 18 F-FDG-avid renal oncocytoma has not been previously reported in the literature. A variety of malignant causes of bilateral 18 F-FDG positive renal masses are known, however it is important to include this benign etiology in the differential diagnosis. We report an unusual case of an incidental bilateral renal oncocytoma evaluated with contrast enhanced CT and 18 F-FDG PET/CT.


The following interviews with practitioners of Polish-Irish intercultural relations give voice to two Ireland-based Poles and two Irishmen who, in different ways, have reacted to and represented the new Polish presence in Ireland. Chris Binchy and Piotr Czerwinski have focused on the experiences of Polish labour migrants in Dublin in their respective novels Open-handed (2008) and Przebiegum zyciae (2009). Dermot Bolger explored, among other things, the historical parallels between Polish and Irish histories of migration in his play The Townlands of Brazil (2006). Anna Wolf is the artistic director and producer of the Dublin-based Polish Theatre Ireland (PTI).


The invention discloses a method for burning the serial number of a set-top box. The method comprises the following steps of: A, placing the set-top box at a serial number burning process station; and B, inserting a U disk into a universal serial bus (USB) interface of the set-top box, reading the serial number in the U disk through the set-top box, and burning the serial number into the set-top box. Correspondingly, the invention also provides a system for burning the serial number of the set-top box. Therefore, the method and the system simplify the serial number burning process of the set-top box and reduce operating equipment.


The engineer of 2020 is expected to not only offer technical ingenuity but also adapt to a continuously evolving environment while being able to operate outside the narrow limits of one discipline and be ethically grounded in solving the complex problems of the future. To build the competencies of the future engineer, undergraduate education must train students to not only solve engineering challenges that transcend disciplinary boundaries, but also communicate, transfer knowledge, and collaborate across technical and non-technical boundaries. One approach to train engineers in these competencies is teaching biomimicry or bio-inspired design in an engineering curriculum. Our research addresses the gap in resources for effectively teaching engineering students how to perform bio-inspired design by creating instructional resources based on Concept-Knowledge (C-K) design theory. C-K theory is known for integrating multiple domains of information and facilitating innovation through connection building. We used this theory to create lectures, in-class activities, assignments, rubrics and templates that scaffold the discovery and knowledge transfer processes involved in using natural designs to inspire engineering solutions. To assess the learning impact of our C-K theory instructional resources, we conducted a statistical comparison of student projects produced in a second-year engineering class exercise using instructional resources from C-K design theory and from the popular Biomimicry Institute (BI) design lens approach. A total of 105 students consented to participate; 2 course sections (N=51) used the C-K approach and 3 course sections (N=54) used the BI approach. Scores assigned to the students' concepts were used to test whether the C-K approach resulted in higher quality design concepts. The sections using the C-K approach were found to generate concepts that more closely resembled biological inspiration, meaning that they demonstrated innovating from nature rather than simply copying from nature. They were also more successful in abstracting biological system principles to create high quality concepts. Sections using the BI approach generated concepts that more closely resembled biological imitation, meaning that they tended to fixate on observable features and produced concepts that look or act exactly like the biological systems. These findings provide conclusive evidence of learning impact and support design theory based bio-inspired design pedagogy.


Currently, there are numerous location technologies that are used to determine the position of mobile devices in a space or grid, based on some mathematical models, where positioning means allowing a mobile device to be aware of its location with different degree of precision and accuracy. Unfortunately positioning systems have failed to grow in terms of usage by a common man as they haven't been ubiquitous. The local positioning systems fail to work outdoors, whereas the conventional Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) based positioning systems do not work inside buildings due to the absence of line of sight to satellites. So there is a need for positioning systems that can work both indoors and outdoors, hence giving birth to the concept of Hybrid Positioning Systems (HyPos). In this paper eight different HyPos are reviewed, which integrate technologies like RFID, CDMA, TV signal, Cell, Wi-Fi, and pseudolites for positioning. The systems are reviewed on the basis on availability, accuracy, and cost of development. In the end results are presented form HyPos developed at Asian Institute of Technology, which integrates GNSS with Wi-Fi based Indoor Positioning System. The HyPos was thoroughly investigated on a real Wi-Fi network and has shown considerable improvement in the positioning accuracy as compared to other well-known HyPos. A mean accuracy of 1.9m is achieved with 87% of the distance error within the range of 0-3m. Keywordsindoor positioning system location based services positioning systems GNSS. Remark: The full paper may be found in www.inrit2011.com or www.ijcim.th.org. The First International Conference on Interdisciplinary Research and Development, 31 May 1 June 2011, Thailand


While continuing work on a systematic revision of North American mites of the family Blattisocidae (= Aceosejidae), I have received from Mr. R. S. Soper, Jr., females of an undescribed species of mite with singular morphological attributes and an unusual association with an insect host. This species is given separate preliminary treatment in order to permit reference to it in ecological studies by Soper and Olson (in preparation).


A series of tests were performed in the High Speed and Free Surface Water Tunnels to measure the forces and moments on planing circular cylinders. Lift, drag, moment, and center of pressure are presented for cylinders planing on flat and laterally-curved surfaces. The ratio of the
cylinder diameter to the planing surface diameter was varied from 0 to 0.538. The effects of cavitation on the forces and moments were investigated
by varying the local planing body cavitation number from 0.003 to 3.3. The results of these tests show that the cavitation number cf the planing body is an important modeling parameter for cylinders. Both solid
and open-ended, vented cylinders were tested.


Isaac Newton established a paradigm for the centuries that followed. The Universal Law of Gravitation so effectively reconciled planetary theory with observation that, whenever the two were found in disagreement, adequate explanations were always provided. In the mid-nineteenth century the Law had been responsible for a new discovery: perturbations in the motion of the planet Uranus could only be explained by the attraction of an unknown mass. Calculating on the basis of Newton's formula, Urbain Jean Joseph Leverrier and John Couch Adams independently determined an orbit for the disturbing body. The discovery of Neptune was the result in 1846. It was another triumph for the Newtonian universe. But already Leverrier had been forced to turn his attention to the planet Mercury which was exhibiting irregularities of its own. The planet had always given trouble: La Hire had been a day off in predicting the transit of 1707, both he and Halley had missed the transit of 1753 by several hours, Lalande embarrassed himself with a fiftythree minute error in 1786 and Halley's tables could do little better the same year.' Although Lalande subsequently improved his tables for the transits of 1789, 1799, and 1802, the theory of Mercury was still incomplete. When Leverrier calculated all possible factors which might influence the planet, he published in 1843 "A New Determination of the Orbit and Pertubations of Mercury", but his new tables failed to predict precisely the transit of 1848. Leverrier, after examining all earlier recorded transits, found that there remained one small problem in the theory of Mercury. The perihelion was advancing at a faster rate than that predicted by Newton's theory; at a rate of 38 seconds of arc per century, as Leverrier calculated, it would mean that the planet would make an unexplained revolution everythree millionyears. Although not a considerable anomaly, as Leverrier said in a note to the French Academy of Sciences in 1849,2 its minuteness did not merit neglect. The potential significance was great; it could point to the insufficiency of Newtonian physics. Leverrier had satisfied himself that the discrepancies were not due to too few or inaccurate observations. He confessed himself unable to provide an acceptable theory. But by 1859 Leverrier did have a theory. In a letter to Monsieur Faye of the Academy of Sciences" he explained his belief that Mercury was being perturbed by an unknown and hitherto unseen mass between that planet and the Sun. This mass could be a single body or a group of bodies much like planetoids between Mars and Jupiter. He rejected the hypothesis that the mass of Venus was greater than had been supposed, stating that a ten percent increase in its mass would be necessary to account for the phenomenon; but such an increase would also perturb the motion of the Earth, and this had not been observed. It must, therefore, be an unknown body or bodies. Leverrier called upon. the


Empirical criteria have been used successfully to design filters of most embankment large dam projects throughout the world. However, these empirical rules are only applicable to a particular range of soils tested in laboratory and do not take into account the variability of the base material and filter particle sizes. In addition, it is widely accepted that the safety of fill dams is mainly dependent on the reliability of their filter performance. The work herein presented consists in a new general method for assessing the probability of fulfilling any empirical filter design criteria accounting for base and filter heterogeneity by means of first‐order reliability methods (FORM), so that reliability indexes and probabilities of fulfilling any particular criteria are obtained. This method will allow engineers to estimate the safety of existing filters in terms of probability of fulfilling their design criteria and might also be used as a decision tool on sampling needs and material size tolerances during construction. In addition, sensitivity analysis makes possible to analyse how reliabilities are influenced by different sources of input data. Finally, in case of a portfolio risk assessment, this method will allow engineers to compare the safety of several existing dams in order to prioritize safety investments and it is expected to be a very useful tool to evaluate probabilities of failure due to internal erosion. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Engineering students need creative thinking skills to achieve innovation. This study focuses on ameliorating the creative process in engineering design units with the purpose of getting more creative and innovative engineering design solutions from students and better preparing them for industry and real-life conditions. It is suggested that engineering should use design pedagogy as a model for ameliorating creativity. The research is carried out using qualitative investigation. The study used triangulation to collect data about engineering educators' approach, understanding and beliefs about creativity using observational research, a survey and in-depth interviews both with students and with educators. The study used an interpretive approach for data analysis by following the levels of understanding in an organizational culture. Three main results drawn from this work are as follows: (1) Engineering educators should understand the practice of creativity in an educational context. (2) Engineering educators need to value creativity as an important part of engineering design. (3) The discipline needs to value creativity as a core part of the curriculum.
 The findings suggests that enriching creativity in engineering education is not feasible until engineering instructors comprehend and embrace the use of creativity in the classroom. This article specifically explores ways of integrating creativity in engineering design processes that took place in a mechanical engineering undergraduate programme – with an expectation that the research can be used as an exemplar for other engineering disciplines to learn from. This study is an important step, with a holistic approach, in suggesting creativity and creative thinking be inherent and an integral part of every engineering curriculum.


Abstract PCSK9 is a serine protease expressed in the liver and the intestine. Gain-of-function mutations in PCSK9 are associated with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia, independently of mutations in apoB-100 or the LDL receptor (LDLR). Wild-type PCSK9 binds to the extracellular domain of the LDLR at the surface of hepatocytes, is internalized with the receptor and redirects it to lysosomes where the complex is degraded. Conversely, loss-of-function mutations in PCSK9 are associated with lower levels of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and reduced cardiovascular risk. Inhibition of PCSK9 binding to the LDLR with human monoclonal antibodies or reduction of PCSK9 expression with siRNA are the two main strategies to reduce LDL-C, which are actively pursued in the clinical development phases. In this article, the current evidence for PCSK9 as a target for reducing LDL-C and results of Phase I and II clinical trials with anti-PCSK9 therapeutic strategies are reviewed.


Poisoning is an important health problem in every country of the world. Occupational exposure to industrialchemicals and pesticides, accidental or intentional exposure to household and pharmaceutical products andpoisoning due to venomous animals, Toxic plants and food contamination, all contribute to morbidity andmortality. Poison is a substance that being soluble in the blood either destroys life or impairs seriously thefunctions of one or more organs of the body. Poison can be defined as, a substance (solid, liquid or gas) whichif introduced in a living body or brought in contact with any part thereof will produced ill health or death byits constitutional or local effects or both.1 Due to rapid development in the field of science and technologyand vast growth in the industrial and agricultural sector, the poisoning is spreading like a wild fire. Poisoningis a medical emergency and the patients are invariably admitted to the hospital through emergency services.The poisoning may be suicidal, accidental or homicidal. With this background, the present study has beencarried out to determine the profile of poisoning cases, autopsied at SSIMS & RC, Davangere, Karnataka.The study revealed that victims of rural population (68.9%) are highest among the habitation, followed byurban population. Most of the victims are married people (63.9%). Most of the victims were educated withmatriculation (62.3%). Most of the poisoning cases are seen in Hindu religion (91.8%). Most of the caseswere seen in winter season (42.6%) and in most of the cases the victims has consumed the poison at home(83.9%).


A technique is described for producing high-energy beams of metallic ions. The application of this technique to microcircuit manufacture is demonstrated by implanting zinc to prepare a p-n junction in gallium arsenide.


The present invention provides a textile blind united by weaving, which is formed as a single body by weaving slat textiles along a width between a front textile and a back textile in parallel with each other, wherein the slat textiles are arranged along the height of the front and back textiles to make the textile blind easily block lights.


obotics in medical applications is a fast growing research field with increasing numbers of market-ready developments coming out. These developed robotic systems rely on communication technologies to connect their components and to offer external interfaces. There are several open communication standards used in modern hospitals which are designed for advanced medical devices. The question whether any of these standards is suitable for the special requirements of robotic systems gave the initiative for a project at the Surgical Planning Laboratory. One standard that is being evaluated is CAN with its higher-layer protocol CANopen. For this evaluation we developed a software framework, which allows the simple integration of navigation sensors ‐ such as tracking devices or position-sensors ‐ into a CANopen network. This framework was tested in experiments with an electromagnetic tracking-device and in an MRI-compatible robotic system for prostate needle placements.


This paper introduces the compensated Kalman filter, a suboptimal state estimator which can be used to eliminate steady-state bias errors when it is used in conjunction with the mismatched steady-state (asymptotic) time-invariant Kalman-Bucy filter. The uncompensated mismatched steady state Kalman-Bucy filter exhibits bias errors whenever the nominal plant parameters used in the filter design are different from the actual plant parameters. The approach used relies on the utilization of the residual (innovations) process of the mismatched filter to estimate, via a Kalman-Bucy filter, the state estimation errors and subsequent improvements of the state estimate. The compensated Kalman filter augments the mismatched steady state Kalman-Bucy filrby the introduction of additional dynamics and feedforward integral compensation channels.


A classifier trained by a normalized simulation parameter could not identify an actual fault. In order to solve this problem, improved data preprocessing is proposed which normalizes the deviation of the simulation parameter, thus making preprocessed simulation data more accurate at revealing the performance of an actual gas turbine. Furthermore, an optimization deep belief network (DBN) based on a genetic algorithm is developed, which shows a good classification ability. The superiority of these two methods is validated respectively by a three-shaft gas turbine platform. It has also been found that based on the DBN optimization method, adding outlet temperature parameter T3 to a high-pressure compressor can significantly improve diagnostic accuracy, increasing it by 10.1%. Finally, the fault experimental result validates the effectiveness of improved data preprocessing combined with an optimization DBN to diagnose faults in actual gas turbines.


The author studies the Toeplitz operators on partial Hardy space,in particular,obtains the kernel of a type of generalized Toeplitz operator and its dual operator and establishes the sufficient and necessary condition for a type of generalized operator to be hyponormal.


Experimental studies have suggested that high-dose vitamin E is beneficial for patients at high risk for cardiovascular events. In this large, 5-year,


The approximate boundary synchronization by p-groups (p ≥ 1) in the pinning sense has been introduced in [T.-T. Li and B. Rao, Asymp. Anal. 86 (2014) 199–224], in this paper the authors give a new and more natural definition on the approximate boundary synchronization by p-groups in the consensus sense for a coupled system of N wave equations with Dirichlet boundary controls. We show that the approximate boundary synchronization by p-groups in the consensus sense is equivalent to that in the pinning sense. Moreover, by means of a corresponding Kalman's criterion, the concept of the number of total (direct and indirect) controls is introduced. It turns out that in the case that the minimal number of total controls is equal to (N − p), the existence of the approximately synchronizable state by p-groups as well as the necessity of the strong Cp-compatibility condition are the consequence of the approximate boundary synchronization by p-groups, while, in the opposite case, the approximate boundary synchronization by p-groups could imply some non-expected additional properties, called the induced approximate boundary synchronization.


Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) is a promising I/O virtualization approach for achieving high performance in the virtualization over InfiniBand (IB) network. One challenge is related to the hardware address assignment for each virtual IB device. There are two schemes for the hardware address assignment, static assignment and dynamic assignment. Static assignment always preserves the hardware address of a virtual IB device that is attached to a VM, but the dynamic assignment does not. A drawback, however, using static assignment is that its communication will be disconnected after VM migration. In this paper, we point out the problem related to SR-IOV over IB that breaks the network connections after VM migration when the static assignment is deployed. Then, we propose a signalling mechanism that can maintain the network connectivity after VM migration. The performance evaluation using an experimental test bed shows that the proposed signalling mechanism does not increase the service downtime during hot migration. We also optimize the signalling method, where the same event can only be forwarded to a physical server once regardless of the hosted VMs, to reduce the management message overhead from O(n*m) to O(n).


Paul Muldoon's poetry has employed extensive animal imagery since the beginning of his career. New Weather (1973), his first volume, includes a clever quasireligious "Hedgehog" that weds evocations of the Christ with a pessimistic diagnosis of man's irresponsibility: "We forget that never again / Will a god trust in the world." His 1977 collection, Mules, brings in more animal imagery, which repeatedly emphasises the hybridity of Muldoon's world, strung, as Tim Kendall observes, between "mortal and immortal, beastly and divine." Jefferson Holdridge, focusing on a different set of dichotomies than Kendall, argues that Mules features "a type of bestiary of human aspirations, and, as a result, a meditation on various types of mixtures: human and animal, poetry and politics, truth and art." Subsequent volumes have brought poems involving minks, frogs, foxes, panthers, dogs, and cats, though the most frequent animal in all of Muldoon is the horse. The Faber Book of Beasts (1997), an anthology of animal poems edited by Muldoon, further testifies to his enduring interest in fauna. At times, Muldoon's interest in animal poetry has followed the traditional concerns of such poetry—for example, in using such symbolically loaded images as the nightingale. In a poem of that title, one critic observes, "Muldoon abstracts . . . from its poetic tradition not by killing it; rather, he resituates the nightingale in unfamiliar contexts: a nineteenth century dictionary, makeup, Japan, the floorboards of a castle." Kendall was the first to note Muldoon's "genius as 'animal' poet," but the patterns of animal imagery in Muldoon's work have yet to be thoroughly investigated. After all, it was not even a decade ago that the poet produced his most animal-oriented volume, Maggot (2010).


Background:Applied mechanical vibration in pediatric and adult populations has been shown to be an effective analgesic for acute and chronic pain, including needle pain. Studies among the neonatal population are lacking. According to the Gate Control Theory, it is expected that applied mechanical vi


The North Upland of Vietnam is characterized by biophysical, social and cultural diversity as well as its important role in the national economy's development. However, the region, like those in other developing countries, suffers from serious environmental problems such as deforestation, soil degradation, loss of biodiversity and unsustainable livelihoods. Major causes are attributed to ineffective institutional arrangements such as inadequate property rights and enforcement, lack of local participation and empowerment, and misguided government policies. This study aimed to determine the better institutional structures for promoting sustainable forest management in the North Upland using the multiple criteria decision making and participatory approaches. In other words, the study assessed and compared various forest management regimes against different socio-economic, environmental and institutional variables.


Background: Gene identification represents the first step to a better understanding of the physiological role of the underlying protein and disease pathways, which in turn serves as a starting point for developing therapeutic interventions. Familial hypercholesterolemia is a hereditary metabolic disorder characterized by high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Hypercholesterolemia is a quantitative trait that is controlled by interactions among several quantitative trait loci . Many biological data is presented in the context of biological networks and evaluation of biological networks is considered as the essential key to understanding complex biological systems. Materials and Methods: In this research, we used combination of information about quantitative trait loci of hypercholesterolemia with information of gene ontology and protein–protein interaction network for identification of genes associated with hypercholesterolemia. Results : For hypercholesterolemia disease, we introduced 16 new genes which were in quantitative trait loci regions and were associated with the hypercholesterolemia disease in terms of gene ontology characteristics. Conclusion: Combination of linkage information (QTLs) and genomics information (gene ontology and protein–protein interaction network data) is highly able to identify genes associated with diseases


Abstract Phlebotomus caucasicus Marzinovsky and Phlebotomus mongolensis Sinton are morphologically similar sand fly species. Finding a reliable, fast, and simple method to differentiate these two sand flies is important in understanding their role in the transmission of Leishmania parasite. In our study, 20 specimens of male P. caucasicus, 4 specimens of male P. mongolensis, and 16 specimens of female of both species (Caucasicus group) were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The result shows identical patterns with a visible fragment of about 500 bp in size. In restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), we observed identical patterns with TasI used as the restriction enzyme. After alignment with sequences of the ITS2 partial gene in GenBank, a perfect match was obtained for the P. mongolensis, but not for P. caucasicus whose sequence was not present in the GenBank. Based on the results of our study, the RFLP-PCR method with nucleotide gene fragment ITS2 was a rapid and reliable method for differentiating these sand fly species.


This article, written for a Vanderbilt conference on affirmative action, considers the state of race-based affirmative action by public universities after the Supreme Court's decision in Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin (2013). It criticizes many aspects of the Court's jurisprudence in this area, including its application of strict scrutiny, its notions of diversity, remediation, critical mass, consideration of applicants as individuals, race-neutral alternatives, the duration of preferences, the putative benefits of diversity, and the social costs of preferences.


It PRESENTS A CONTROL SYSTEM OF A Turbocharger address for an internal combustion engine for controlling at least a turbocharger by controlling a bypass valve and a sluice gate in response to the speed of the engine, engine load, TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENT AND barometric pressure operating environment where the turbocharger is controlled to operate within values PERFORMANCE predetermined pressure ratio AGAINST A MAP OF CURRENT AIR MASS ALLOWING THE ADAPTATION OF A SET TERMOCARGADOR TO SEVERAL APPLICATIONS. WITH method and apparatus are achieved IMPROVED PERFORMANCE ENGINE and increased low-speed torque.


A parabolic dish is a type of concentrating reflective device that uses the shape of a circular paraboloid to
collect or project energy such as light, sound, or radio waves. The parabolic reflector transforms an
incoming plane wave traveling along the axis into a spherical wave converging toward the focus. In this
work concentrating dish was moulded from polyester resin reinforced with fiber glass mat and inner
surface lined with Aluminum foil to increase the reflectivity. The design was made up of a moulded dish of
246cm diameter with a height of 58.2cm which has a concentration factor of 54.9. The collector was
mounted on a site with latitude 6 40 22.19 and longitude 3 09 47.12 and water at 270C was heated to
a temperature of 850C within 20 minutes.


Collaborative decision making is a central feature of family-centered practice and is important to families in treatment planning. This study explored parents' preferences for decision making involvement and their information needs regarding treatment for child anxiety. Qualitative interviews conducted with 19 parents revealed four main themes: (1) parents regard themselves as protectors, (2) parents desire involvement in decision making, (3) information is key in decision making, and (4) not all treatments are perceived as equal. Parents reported a strong desire to maintain control over the final treatment decision. They preferred a wide range of information about treatment and the health-care provider. Implications for implementing family-centered practice are discussed.


The ferric thiocyanate method of estimating peroxide in fats has been modified to give greater sensitivity and greater stability of the reagent. As the 96% acetone used by Chapman & McFarlane (3)and Lips et al.(4) only dissolves about 0.5% butterfat, the sensitivity of the test was increased by using, as solvent, the mixture of benzene and methanol used by Bolland et al. (6) in the determination of rubber peroxides, which dissolves at least 10% butterfat. Instead of using a prepared reagent which gradually deteriorates, the ferrous salt and thiocyanate are added in aqueous solution during the test, and, moreover, ferrous salts appear to be more stable in this solvent than in acetone. The modified method is sufficiently sensitive to measure the peroxide value of the fat of freshly drawn milk and has been applied to the study of the first stages of oxidation in milk, butter and whole-milk powder.


As the need for early fault detection increases day by day in large industries, the importance of a reliable fault diagnosis becomes more obvious. Moreover, sensors in industrial systems are prone to faults or malfunctions due to aging or accidents. Motivated by the above, in this study, a neural network sensor fault diagnosis approach is proposed and the stability and convergence of the algorithm are proven by using the robust estimation theorem and input-to-state stability (ISS). The proposed algorithm is applied to a wind turbine benchmark with 4.8 MW rated power. 10% to 30% of the sensor performance reduction is considered to illustrate the effective performance of the addressed algorithm.


There were five major stone-masonry arch bridges across the Kotsuki river in Kagoshima City till recently. Two of them were seriously damaged due to heavy rains which fell on the region on Augist 6, 1993. For carrying out the river conservation works and for avoiding the collapse of the remaining three bridges in future, it was decided to move these bridges to a new place. Therefore the bridges were dismembered physically and were investigated in detail.This paper presents a comparative study of those results in relation to stone-masonry arch bridges of China, Korea and Europe. By clarifying the fundamental differences between these arch bridges, an attempt is made to understand the characteristics and the contents of the arch bridges across the Kotsuki river from technological history perspective.


Due to the frequent occurrence of landslide disasters and its own complexity, landslide identification and disaster prevention become more difficult. Therefore, in-depth study of landslide rapid and accurate identification method is of great significance. In order to realize fast and precise landslide recognition in landslide remote sensing image, a landslide recognition method based on EfficientNet network extraction of landslide depth features was proposed in this paper. This method expands the neural network from three dimensions of depth, width and resolution by finding a group of optimal compound coefficients, and then adaptively optimizes the network structure. It introduces Stochastic Gradient Descent with Momentum (SGDM) algorithm as the optimizer of network learning. Fully considering the influence of the historical gradient, the algorithm adjusts the current gradient value constantly in the process of parameter updating. Accordingly, the parameter updating range of the network is adjusted constantly, so as to improve the learning effect of the neural network and extract the deep characteristics of the landslide. The experimental results show that the average accuracy of EfficientNet network model on the test set reaches 92.780 %. It can be more efficient and accurate for landslide identification, which is of great significance to the rapid response after the disaster.


The purpose of this paper is to review and compare the development of an attitudinal scale for measuring residents' attitudes toward tourism in the context of the Eastern and Western community. To date, two standardized scales which focused on the Western community were developed by Lankford and Howard (1994) and Ap and Crompton (1998). None, however, has been developed in the context of the Eastern community. Since both the communities have different culture and beliefs toward certain aspects, the development of the scale is important in order to understand resident attitudes. Thus, a study was undertaken in Langkawi Island, Malaysia for the purpose of developing the scale and the results were compared with the existing scale. Several similarities and differences of items are found in the scale developed for both the Eastern and Western contexts.


Objective: Despite premedication, anxiety in patients undergoing transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is prevalent, often causing adverse physiological and psychological effects and contributing to decreased patient compliance. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of cognitive–behavioral intervention (CBI) in patients undergoing TEE and to assess its impact on the severity of anxiety, patient's and physician's comfort, and administered dose of sedatives. Methods: Our study was designed as a prospective, single-center, single-blinded, case-controlled pilot study. The study group comprised 49 patients (26 men, 66±8 years old) referred for TEE. Before the examination, 26 randomly selected patients underwent CBI. Sedatives were administered, if necessary. After the examination, patient anxiety and patient's and physician's comfort were evaluated using dedicated questionnaires and scores. Intergroup comparison was performed using Student's t-test for independent variables and Mann–Whitney U test and Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. Results: The mean level of pre-TEE distress and anxiety were significantly lower in patients receiving CBI than in those without intervention (p=0.022). Furthermore, the application of CBI significantly reduced patient's discomfort (p<0.001) and resulted in increased comfort of physician (p<0.001) during TEE. The need of sedative administration (31% vs. 91%, p<0.001) and its mean dose was significantly lower in patients receiving CBI (1.6±0.5 mg vs. 2.7±1.6 mg midazolam, p=0.009). Conclusions: CBI is feasible in patients undergoing TEE. It decreases patient's anxiety and discomfort and increases physician's comfort. It also results in reduced use of sedatives during the examination.


Tuberculosis involving skull base and brain is relatively common in developing countries. Preoperative neuro-radiological features of such lesions mimic neoplastic lesions of brain & skull base and postoperative histopathological study brings the ultimate diagnosis. Here we present a case of large tubercular lesion involving retrobulbar, infratemporal and middle cranial fossa that preoperatively thought to be a malignant lesion in a young child and was managed surgically with anti-tubercular drugs having a happy termination. Even radiologically malignant looking mass lesion in brain and skull base can be proved as tuberculosis that can bring happiness to the patient and also to the treating neurosurgeons. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i3.7518 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.13(3) 2014 p.323-325


Many astrophysicists believe that Anomalous X-Ray Pulsars (AXP), Soft Gamma-Ray Repeaters (SGR), Rotational Radio Transients (RRAT), Compact Central Objects (CCO), and X-Ray Dim Isolated Neutron Stars (XDINS) belong to different classes of anomalous objects with neutron stars as the central bodies inducing all their observable peculiarities. We have shown earlier (I.F.Malov and G.Z.Machabeli, Astron. Astrophys. Trans. 25, 7, 2006) that AXPs and SGRs could be described by the drift model in the framework of preposition on usual properties of the central neutron star (rotation periods P ~ 0.1 - 1 sec, surface magnetic fields B ~ 10^11 - 10^13 G). Here we shall try to show that some differences of considered sources will be explained by their geometry (particularly, by the angle BETA between their rotation and magnetic axes). If BETA<10 deg. (the aligned rotator) the drift waves at the outer layers of the neutron star magnetosphere should play a key role in the observable periodicity. For large values of BETA (the case of the nearly orthogonal rotator) an accretion from the surrounding medium (for example, from the relic disk) can cause some modulation and transient events in received radiation.


Back of every safety program there stands the industry itself with its precedents, prejudices and traditions. Coal mining, being an old established industry, naturally had many fixed traditions long before electricity and electrical equipment, comparatively new forces, made their appearance.


Research on organizational communication has concentrated on the vertical and horizontal dimensions. Studies that deal with diagonal interaction are few and almost no theory explains the need for such interactions. This study shows that, for high per forming groups, diagonal interactions may be necessary when environmental tur bulence makes work-related problems difficult to solve and the organizational climate is supportive of innovation.