Becoming Turkish: Nationalist Reforms and Cultural Negotiations in Early Republican Turkey, 1923-1945, by Hale Yilmaz. Syracuse, Syracuse University Press, 2013. xv, 328 pp. $39.95 US (cloth). In November 1925, the newly-established Republic of Turkey under Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) mandated that all men wear European style hats, but officials soon faced the reality that some men continued to wear fezzes, kalpaks, or kerchiefs on their heads, in contrast to the "civilized" image that the new regime sought to project. Along the Syrian border, peasants sometimes shared a single collective hat, which they individually wore when they had business in the provincial capital, while reverting to local dress upon their return to the countryside. Some Kurdish villagers simply rolled up their traditional headgear (kulahs) to make them appear more like European caps. Hale Yilmaz recounts these incidents and a rich variety of others to add new context and nuance to the implementation of Turkey's ambitious reform agenda during the two decades following its independence in 1923. Her account draws on archival research (including rare access to the archive of Turkey's Interior Ministry), oral histories, and an impressive range of other primary and secondary sources. Yilmaz finds that diverse or incomplete implementation of the reforms did not mean that far-reaching Kemalist reforms did not affect the lives at the village level, nor did it mean a simplistic religious-based reaction to a secular regime, as scholars have sometimes suggested. Instead, Yilmaz shows that uneven implementation of reforms reflected the state's continuing negotiation with society. Yilmaz also challenges the assumption of a unitary state and describes occasional divergence of views between the government in Ankara and the local administrators, judges, and police who provided many Turks' main point of contact with the state. Yilmaz does not simply rehash the well-known story of the state-led reforms, which aimed at forging a new Turkish nation and citizenry, but instead limits her study to four thematic chapters on the hat reform, women's dress, language reform, and celebrations of national holidays. Attempts to regulate men's dress and require the hat, covered in the first chapter, were part of broader efforts to forge a secular, modern, and homogenous citizenry from an ethnically and linguistically diverse population. Religious authorities, the press, schools, police, and other officials each played distinct roles in promulgating the newly decreed men's fashion to the public. The second chapter similarly shows that the Turkish state sought to change women's dress as it promoted an image of the new woman. However, lack of consensus among state officials about women's dress resulted in the delegation of responsibility for promoting European-style women's dress or limiting the veil (pece) or chador (carsaf) to provincial authorities. …


Results of previously reported studies are reviewed in order to determine whether gynecologic age (chronologic age minus age at menarche) can be dissociated from low chronologic age in relation to neonatal outcome and whether neonatal risks can be dissociated from confounding variables in patients with the lowest gynecologic age (GA) 0-2 years. Although teenage pregnancy has recently become a topic of concern when viewed in perspective it reflects the economic psychosocial behavioral and technologic changes occurring in the nation as a whole. In reviewing the outcome of early pregnancy it must be kept in mind that many studies have dealt with young women who were severely deprived economically and medically. Because of the revolution in obstetric and neonatal care since 1970 only studies reported after 1970 were considered. Available reports and the findings of the authors indicate that the term gynecologic age has no practical significance. Age at menarche may not be historically accurate or physiologically meaningful because of the possible variables in its determination including inaccurate memory. Because age at menarche does not imply hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian maturing and regular ovulatory cycles at predictable times it is not useful in correlating pregnancy risks after confounding variables have been eliminated. No reports were located on the long term outcome of infants with mothers with a low GA. Research should be conducted on the prevention of adolescent pregnancy the most common medical problems of teenage pregnancies including preterm birth and pregnancy-induced hypertension and sociologic and epidemiologic aspects.


This report has been developed in the framework of the 2017 Communication of the European Commission 'Setting out the EU approach to Standard Essential Patents' (COM(2017) 712 final). In this Communication there is a direct commitment that 'The Commission will work with stakeholders, open source communities and SDOs for successful interaction between open source and standardisation, by means of studies and analyses'. Standards and open source development are both processes widely adopted in the ICT industry to develop innovative technologies and drive their adoption in the market. Innovators and policy makers assume that a closer collaboration between standards and open source software development would be mutually beneficial. The interaction between the two is however not yet fully understood, especially with regard to how the intellectual property regimes applied by these organisations influence their ability and motivation to cooperate. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the interaction between standard development organisations (SDOs) and open source software (OSS) communities. The analysis is based on 20 case studies, a survey of stakeholders involved in SDOs and OSS communities, an expert workshop, and a comprehensive review of the literature.


We presents design consideration for a new technique using the distributed RC line to realize an active high frequency continuous-time high-pass filter. We employ a MOS transistor circuit to mimic the characteristic of distributed RC line. The same filter transfer function was obtained from our design without changing any topology and elements in the filter. It also has the possibility to adjust the pass band of the filter independently. The Orcad PSpice software with a standard MOSFET technology (0.8ptm) was used for the filter simulation. Experiments and the satisfactory results that compare the simulation of our designed with the idea filter are presented and discussed 1. INTRODUCTION


According to the features of Physical Chemistry course and the specialized characteristic of pharmaceutical engineering specialty,the teaching of Physical Chemistry was combined with pharmaceutical engineering specialty in order to adapt the demand of talent training for pharmaceutical specialty.Based on the stimulation interest in learning,the optimization of teaching contents,innovation of teaching methods and summary of knowledge in Physical Chemistry were clarified and discussed.It showed that teaching quality was significantly improved,and the ability of thinking and application for students was successfully trained.


Background: Malignancies are frequently associated with altered abundance of proteasome and elevated proteasome activity. Results: EGF-induced PSMB5 expression requires STAT3 activation. Conclusion: The catalytic subunits and activities of the mammalian proteasome are regulated by STAT3. Significance: Proteasome function is regulated by oncogenic signaling. The ubiquitin-proteasome system facilitates the degradation of ubiquitin-tagged proteins and performs a regulatory role in cells. Elevated proteasome activity and subunit expression are found in several cancers. However, the inherent molecular mechanisms responsible for increased proteasome function in cancers remain unclear despite the well investigated and defined role of the mammalian proteasome. This study was initiated to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the regulation of β subunits of the mammalian proteasome. Suppression of STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation coordinately decreased the mRNA and protein levels of the β subunits of the 20 S core complex in DU145 cells. Notably, PSMB5, a molecular target of bortezomib, was shown to be a target of STAT3. Knockdown of STAT3 decreased PSMB5 protein. Inhibition of phospho-STAT3 substantially reduced PSMB5 protein levels in cells expressing constitutively active-STAT3. Accumulation of activated STAT3 resulted in the induction of PSMB5 promoter and protein levels. In addition, a direct correlation was observed between the endogenous levels of PSMB5 and constitutively active STAT3. PSMB5 and STAT3 protein levels remained unaltered following the inhibition of proteasome activity. The EGF-induced concerted increase of β subunits was blocked by inhibition of the EGF receptor or STAT3 but not by the PI3K/AKT or MEK/ERK pathways. Decreased proteasome activities were due to reduced protein levels of catalytic subunits of the proteasome in STAT3-inhibited cells. Combined treatments with bortezomib and inhibitor of STAT3 abrogated proteasome activity and enhanced cellular apoptosis. Overall, we demonstrate that aberrant activation of STAT3 regulates the expression of β subunits, in particular PSMB5, and the catalytic activity of the proteasome.


Throughout the past decade, serious juvenile crime has been the focus of considerable attention by legislators, law enforcement personnel, academic criminologists, media, and the public. Despite this attention, however, misunderstanding, misperception, and confusion still exist and, in some instances, seem to dominate both research and public policy. Utilizing National Crime Survey (NCS) victimization data as an alternative to official and self-report data, this analysis focuses on the patterns of juvenile offending in serious personal crimes from 1973 to 1980. The NCS data do not support the contention that serious juvenile crime has risen dramatically over the last 8 years. Moreover, the types of personal crimes committed by juveniles has not changed substantially over the 1973 to 1980 period. To the extent that recent legislation calling for more severe handling of juvenile offenders is based on substantial upswings in juvenile crime in recent years or changes in the types of crimes committed by juveniles, NCS data cannot provide support for such policy changes.


Analysis of new, promising wide-band-gap nonlinear crystals for the mid-IR is given. We focused on ternary and quaternary chalcogenides and based on their physical and chemical properties, which in addition to linear and nonlinear optical properties, determine the efficiency of crystal usage in certain laser experiments. The correlation between the composition, structure and output parameters as well as the trends in changes of the main characteristics such as band gap, nonlinear susceptibility, laser damage threshold, etc, are demonstrated. Vibrational spectra of Li-containing nonlinear crystals and their application in THz radiation generation are discussed. Using an example of LiGaS2, the defect effect on spectroscopic characteristics is shown. High-temperature annealing in a proper atmosphere allows one to remove extended and point defects and to improve the transparency. Energy structure and parameters of main point defects such as anion vacancy (F-center) and cation antisite defect GaLi calculated from the first principles agree well with the experimental results.


Abstract By means of the Laplace Transformation, any physical problem characterized by a partial differential equation, the solution of which must satisfy prescribed initial and boundary conditions, can formally be transformed into a boundary problem for an ordinary differential equation.


We propose a new conjectural way to calculate the local $L$-factor $L=L_\chi(\pi,\rho,s)$ where $\pi$ is a representation of a $p$-adic group $G$, $\rho$ is an algebraic representation of the dual group $G^{\vee}$ and $\chi$ is an algebraic character of $G$ satisfying a positivity condition. A method going back to Godement and Jacquet yields a description of $L$ using as an input a certain space ${\mathcal S}_\rho$ of functions on $G$ depending on $\rho$. A (partly conjectural) description of ${\mathcal S}_\rho$ involving trace of Frobenius functions associated to perverse sheaves on the loop space of a semigroup containing $G$ was developed %by Bouthier, Ngo and Sakellaridis, partly based on an earlier work of Braverman and Kazhdan. Here we propose a different, more general conjectural description of ${\mathcal S}_\rho$: it also refers to trace of Frobenius functions but instead of the loop space of a semi-group we work with the ramified global Grassmannian fibering over the configuration space of points on a global curve defined by Beilinson-Drinfeld and Gaitsgory (a relation between two approaches is discussed in the appendix). Our main result asserts validity of our conjectures where $\pi$ is generated by an Iwahori fixed vector: we show that in this case it is compatible with the standard formula for $L$ involving local Langlands correspondence which is known for such representations $\pi$. The proof is based on properties of the coherent realization of the affine Hecke category.


Recently, consumers have shown concern about the reliability of electricity to be served. For example, some consumers need electricity with a higher reliability via automation of manufacturing processes. On the other hand, some consumers need electricity at a cheaper price even if the reliability becomes a little worse. Under such circumstances, it is necessary that power suppliers evaluate the needs of every consumer precisely and propose the most desirable measures for meeting their requirements. This paper develops a tool to analyze the reliability for high‐voltage supplied consumers quantitatively. Further, this paper presents a method for evaluating the outage cost of consumers to help them choose the most appropriate measures for maintaining reliability. The proposed method applies the fuzzy reasoning approach. The validity of the proposed method is ascertained through some numerical simulations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 153(3): 41–51, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20137


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of age-related sarcopenia on muscle mass, relative muscle strength/power performance in the lower limbs, and the
responses of electromyography (EMG) and mechanomyography (MMG) on the activation
patterns of motor units under leg extension muscle power performance in the elderly. Subjects were healthy old (n=10, 64.5 ± 4.5 yrs) and young (n=10, 22.6 ± 2.8yrs) people.
All subjects performed quadriceps maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and fastest speed leg extension with different levels (75%, 60%, 45% 1RM), and 45% fatigue test to all-outThe results indicate the declines of muscle mass, neuromuscular performance and changes of MU activation patterns may result from age-related sarcopenia, and the age
affects muscle power more than muscle strength.


The present invention relates to a method for generating dendritic cells and their use in medicine, which by its object is to improve the treatment of cancer, microbial infections, allergies, autoimmune diseases and stem cell or organ transplant rejection functionally the therapeutic efficacy of genetic engineering to achieve.


The ants of the genus Leptomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), commonly called 'spider ants', are distinctive members of the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae and prominent residents of intact wet forest and sclerophyll habitats in eastern Australia, New Caledonia and New Guinea. This revision redresses pervasive taxonomic problems in this genus by using a combination of morphology and molecular data to define species boundaries and clarify nomenclature. Twenty-seven Leptomyrmex species are recognized and are informally split into two groups: the macro-Leptomyrmex (21 species), and its sister group, the micro-Leptomyrmex (six species). Nine subspecies are elevated to species status: L. cnemidatus Wheeler 1915, L. geniculatus Emery 1914, L. melanoticus Wheeler 1934, L. nigriceps Emery 1914, L. rothneyi Forel 1902, L. ruficeps Emery 1895, L. rufipes Emery 1895, L. rufithorax Forel 1915 and L. tibialis Emery 1895. Nineteen new synonymies are proposed (senior synonyms listed first): L. cnemidatus Wheeler 1915 = L. erythrocephalus venustus Wheeler 1934 = L. erythrocephalus brunneiceps Wheeler 1934; L. darlingtoni Wheeler 1934 = L. darlingtoni fascigaster Wheeler 1934 = L. darlingtoni jucundus Wheeler 1934; L. erythrocephalus (Fabricius 1775) = L. froggatti Forel 1910 =4 · Zootaxa 2688 © 2010 Magnolia Press L. erythrocephalus mandibularis Wheeler 1915 = L. erythrocephalus unctus Wheeler 1934 = L. erythrocephalus clarki Wheeler 1934; L. fragilis (F. Smith 1859) = L. fragilis femoratus Santschi 1932 = L. fragilis maculatus Stitz 1938 = L. wheeleri Donisthorpe 1948; L. melanoticus Wheeler 1934 = L. contractus Donisthorpe 1947; L. niger Emery 1900 = L. lugubris Wheeler 1934; L. rufipes Emery 1895 = L. quadricolor Wheeler 1934; L. rufithorax Forel 1915 = L. erythrocephalus basirufus Wheeler 1934; L. tibialis Emery 1895 = L. nigriventris hackeri Wheeler 1934; L. varians Emery 1895 = L. erythrocephalus decipiens Wheeler 1915 = L. varians angusticeps Santschi 1929; L. wiburdi Wheeler 1915 = L. wiburdi pictus Wheeler 1915. Tools for identification of the macro-Leptomyrmex species include a revised species-level key based on the worker caste, keys to males in Australia and New Guinea, full descriptions of workers, images of known workers, males and queens, and illustration of male genitalia. Phylogenetic relationships among the macroand micro- Leptomyrmex species are discussed, as is the status of a putative fossil relative.


In Benin, market gardening has become a new profession and plays an important role in the supply of fresh vegetables. In the coastal regions, fish farming is practiced on the outskirts of market gardening sites. However, poorly regulated cultivation practices and increasing pollution do not necessarily guarantee the sanitary quality of the products delivered. This study aims to evaluate the physico-chemical qualities of the water used for watering and, secondly, the lead and cadmium contamination of the water used for watering, the soil (sediment) and the fish products (fish) on the urban market gardening perimeter in the commune of Lokossa in Benin. These various samples taken for this purpose were analysed at the Ministry of Health's Water and Food Quality Control Laboratory. We noted pollution of organic elements and FAO standards. The consequences of this contamination are health risks for consumers.


In this paper, we propose a framework for employing opposition-based learning to assist evolutionary algorithms in solving discrete and combinatorial optimization problems. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to apply opposition to combinatorics. We introduce two different methods of opposition to solve two different type of combinatorial optimization problems. The first technique, open-path opposition, is suited for combinatorial problems where the final node in the graph does not have be connected to the first node, such as the graph-coloring problem. The latter technique, circular opposition, can be employed for problems where the endpoints of a graph are linked, such as the well-known traveling salesman problem (TSP). Both discrete opposition methods have been hybridized with biogeography-based optimization (BBO). Simulations on TSP benchmarks illustrate that incorporating opposition into BBO improves its performance.


Under the circumstances of magnetic field,high pressure and high temperature,the influence of the electron-spin on the self-trapping energy of the weak-coupling 2-D magnetopolaron was studied by using unitary transformations and the linear combination operator method.Numerical calculation,with InAs semiconductor as an example,illustrated that the self-trapping energy level of the weak-coupling 2-D magnetopolaron was divided into two by the electron-spin of different direction.The split self-trapping energy level was more marked with increasing magnetic field.The self-trapping energy of the magnetopolaron decreased and the ratio of electron-spin energy to the self-trapping energy of the magnetopolaron increased with increasing magnetic field or temperature.The ratio of electron-spin energy to the self-trapping energy of the magnetopolaron was very large,when the magnetic field performed sufficient strong and the temperature performed sufficient high.


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In the present invention, in the drill rod drilling machines, and a large diameter near the pore size of fence rod outer diameter, externally threaded at one end, provided with a female thread at the other end to form at least one small diameter portion in the vicinity of the internal thread portion. This step tube rod, it is possible to reduce the bending hole. Furthermore, fences Anaki using the step tube rod is easy to position the drill rod, it can be performed efficiently and securely connect and recovery operations.


The SemanticGov Portal assists citizens in discovering eGovernment services that address their needs. Using the portal the citizens will be guided through the discovery process via a structured online discussion, which consists of a dynamically generated set of questions and answers. The Portal poses questions to the citizens and uses their answers in order to identify formally described goal (a concrete WSMO-PA goal). This goal is then forwarded to the discovery engine which matches it with the available PA services and selects the one(s) that match. The architecture and implementation of the Portal capitalize on Semantic Web technologies, such as ontologies and reasoners.


The article presents data on the features of functional reserves, the level of biological adaptation, mental
performance of students by the profession driller. We found that more than half of the adolescents had
reduced adaptive reserves of varying severity. Thus, the level of functional reserves, which was reduced
relative to the physiological norm, was noted in 89 % of the 1st year, 83.4 % in the 2nd year and 93.3 %
in the 3rd year students. In parallel, there was the growth trend to the 3rd year of study from the
students number with reduced performance (from 27.6 % to 33.3 %) and an increase by 1.6 times of the
students number with a significantly reduced level of performance.


Motor parameter identification is problem must be faced by high performance variable frequency speed adjustment system include Vector Control. Explore new effective parameter identification method possess vast theoretical and practical meanings. Motor's mathematical model has the character of high order, nonlinear and complicate coupling, the parameter change with the work state is difficult to describe with a definite function. Rotor resistance is identified with Elman neural network which has the ability of function approximation and unique feedback. The simulation result is validated by the parameter obtained with other methods and shows some advantages. It has some reference meaning to more extend motor parameter identification.


Proppant production could damage downhole and surface equipment, reduce well performance, and lead to workover operations. Production rate control, drawdown management and solid separation at surface are often used for unconventional wells. An in-depth understanding of factors affecting proppant production is a crucial step toward mitigating the issues. An experimental investigation was conducted to determine key parameters affecting proppant production and develop mitigation strategies.
 This study led to the construction of a unique fracture cell, inside which a proppant pack is sandwiched between two rock platens with similar reservoir formations. The fracture cell can be configured horizontally or vertically to mimic different fracture orientations. To simulate flowback process, slickwater is injected from the inlet boundary and produced through perforations at the outlet boundary, while injection rate and confining stress are increased gradually. Low-viscosity oil or a mixture of oil/slickwater is injected to simulate production operations. Injection rate, stress, proppant production and pack width vs. time are recorded. After each test, a novel technique is used to preserve the shape of the channel created by proppant production. Twenty five tests were performed using raw, resin-coated, and surfactant-treated frac sands (40/70 and 100 mesh).
 Lab results show that proppant pack failure and proppant production initiate at perforations when fluid flow velocity is above a critical value, creating a channel progressing outwards from perforations. Channel growth continues until the proppant pack becomes stabilized due to reduced velocity through the channel. Proppant production and channel growth are more severe in vertical fractures than horizontal ones. In vertical fractures, gravity effects make the proppant at the arc area above the channel unstable and become mobile. At irreducible water saturation, the proppant pack is more stable in the presence of oil. Once water is mobile, proppant production becomes more severe. Altering the proppant surface to hydrophobic reduces channel size and proppant production. Resin-coated sand (RCS) can stop or mitigate sand production if enough RCS is placed near the perforations. Proppant particle shape, proppant surface conditions (coating or wettability), multiphase effects, stress, flowrate, fracture orientation (vertical or horizontal), and ratio of fracture width to proppant size are recognized as key factors. The lab results led to a few cost-effective mitigation strategies: larger proppant near wellbore, local sand with lower sphericity/roundness during the entire treatment, and resin-coated or hydrophobic sand toward the end of treatment, etc.
 Based on learnings from this study, proppant sequencing trials were implemented, with 40/70-mesh sand pumped first, placed near wellbore, and followed by 100-mesh sand. Field trial results showed significant reduction of proppant production and solid separation cost. At the time of this writing, the evaluation of the hydrophobic frac sand was in progress.


Starter is one of the essential parts of engineering vehicles. The performance of the starter to a certain degree decides the quality of the engineering vehicle. In this paper,the present situation of starters commonly used in engineering vehicles are introduced,some measures for improving the performance of the starter are proposed.


A mathematical model has been developed to describe the dynamic heat and moisture transport behavior of clothing and its interaction with the human thermoregulation system under transient wear conditions. A modification of Gagge's two-node model is used to simulate the human physiological regulatory responses. In clothing, heat and moisture transport is coupled with the sorption or desorption of water vapor in the fibers and the associated energy changes. If the physical activity and ambient conditions are specified, the model can predict the thermoregulatory responses of the body, to gether with the temperature and moisture profiles of the clothing. Experimental mea surements with garments made from fibers with different levels of hygroscopicity are compared with predictions by the model. There is good agreement between prediction and experiment for skin and fabric temperatures and the relative humidity of the cloth ing microclimate.


Flowerdew and Dudley-Evans (2002) described a prototypical structure for decision letters based on a personal database of letters written by one editor for the journal English for Specific Purposes. In this article, I analyse a publicly available corpus of 59 decision letters from 48 different editors of a wide range of scientific journals and find that the Flowerdew and Dudley-Evans prototypical structure requires modification to be applicable to this broader spectrum of decision letters. In addition, all but two of the linguistic features of decision letters described by Flowerdew and Dudley-Evans (2002) are used by less than 15 per cent of the editors in the present corpus. Three previously undescribed linguistic features, that are common to more than 70 per cent of the editors, are identified in this study.


We propose ZEro Retransmission Overhead (ZERO), a novel retransmission scheme which virtually removes the overhead by the retransmission. In our scheme, when a sender retransmits a packet, it piggybacks a new packet. At the receiver side, once the retransmitted packet is correctly received, the receiver can use it for the decoding of the piggybacked packet. Our scheme is essentially a physical layer network coding scheme coupled with modulation. Simulation result shows that our scheme significantly outperforms the previous approaches.


In this final project for the Degree in Optics and Optometry, I collected
information in low vision rehabilitation. I followed an internship at the San Paolo
Hospital in Milan, under the guidance of Doctor Paolo Ferri, Orthoptist by
profession, where I was able to observe and participate in the management of
patients in order to ensure the best possible solution for each particular case.
Therefore, I was able to gain valuable knowledge on the characteristics of low
vision patients and in the types of visual rehabilitation procedures that are
available to them. In addition, data was collected in order to determine which
specific rehabilitation techniques were most useful for each condition.
Different cases of low vision patients were observed, such as patients with
retinopathies, glaucoma and others. However, it was noted that visual
rehabilitation efforts were mainly directed to age related macular degeneration
(ARMD), which was one of the most common types of visual threatening
conditions we encountered at the San Paolo Hospital.


Web services are accessed via query interfaces which hide databases containing thousands of relevant information. User's side, distant database is a black box which accepts query and returns results, there is no way to access database schema which reflect data and query meanings. Hence, web services are very autonomous. Users view this autonomy as a major drawback because they need often to combine query capabilities of many web services at the same time. In this work, we will present a new approach which allows users to benefit of query capabilities of many web services while respecting autonomy of each service. This solution is a new contribution in Information Retrieval research axe and has proven good performances on two standard datasets.


A method for manufacturing a rotary anode disk with a a base body (1) applied from a high melting point molybdenum alloy X-ray active layer (3), the following method steps comprising: • manufacturing a disc-shaped base body blank (1) made of a semi-finished product produced by melting, • coating of a ring-shaped area (2) of the upper surface of the base body blank (1) with a tungsten-rhenium alloy, wherein the annular portion (2) at least 1/3 of the surface of the upper surface of the base body blank (1) covered, • recrystallization annealing the coated base body blank (1) at an annealing temperature above 1500 ° C over a period greater than one hour • forming of the base body blank (1) to the final shape of the rotary anode disk, wherein the degree of deformation to be realized in the region of the annular tungsten-rhenium alloy layer (3) is greater than 10%, • recrystallization annealing of the rotary anode plate at an annealing temperature above 1500 ° C, over a period greater than one hour and • Finish editing.


The music industry is interested in the future success of a song and its presence in popular rankings such as the Billboard charts. However, a song's popularity might be impacted by variables such as music trends and social influences, which are indifferent to audio signals. In this paper, we present HSP-TL, a deep learning model, to identify likely hit songs. Our work combines temporal information and features derived from audio and lyrics to estimate the success of a recording. We adopt the concept of the triplet loss function to minimize the distance between objects with similar popularity. Also, we use convolutional neural networks on 2-D low-level audio features, contrary to the current approach. We use pre-trained language models for text-based feature extraction. Our method is evaluated on the Hit Song Prediction Dataset, which we enrich with the lyrics of each song. Our results show that the inclusion of lyrics improves song uniqueness and reflects musical trends. The proposed model outperforms the current approach by up to 8%.


The finite element method is used to calculate the internal sound field of a silencer,the mode waves are decomposed based on the acoustic mode theory,and then the transmission loss is determined.Based on the same theory,the transmission loss is measured through wave decomposition method with multi-sensors.It is found that results of the experimental measurement agree well with those of the numerical predictions.The effective frequency range for prediction and measurement of transmission loss are both extended beyond the cut-off frequency.


The riparian buffer width on watersheds has been modified over the last decades. The human settlements heavily used and have significantly altered those areas, for farming, urbanization, recreation and other functions. In order to protect freshwater ecosystems, riparian areas have recently assumed world recognition and considered valuable areas for the conservation of nature and biodiversity, protected by forest laws and policies as permanent preservation areas. The objective of this work was to compare parameters from riparian areas related to a natural watercourse less than 10 m wide, for specific purposes in Law No. 4761/65, now revoked and replaced by Law No. 12651/12, known as the New Forest Code. The effects of 15, 30 and 50 m wide riparian forest in water and soil of three headwater catchments used for sugar cane production were analyzed. The catchments are located in the Environmental Protection Area of Uberaba River Basin (state of Minas Gerais, Brazil), legally protected for conservation of water resources and native vegetation. A field survey was carried out in the catchments for verification of land uses, while periodical campaigns were conducted for monthly water sampling and seasonal soil sampling within the studied riparian buffers. The physico-chemical parameters of water were handled by ANOVA (Tukey's mean test) for recognition of differences among catchments, while thematic maps were elaborated in a geographic information system for illustration purposes. The results suggested that the 10, 30 or even 50 m wide riparian buffers are not able to fulfill the environmental function of preserving water resources, and therefore are incapable to ensure the well-being of human populations. Therefore, the limits imposed by the actual Brazilian Forest Code should be enlarged substantially.


Objective To investigate the changes of dynamic VEEG in patients with hepatolenticular degeneration(HLD).Methods56 patients with HLD were monitored and analyzed by VEEG,and compared with 40 healthy subjects.ResultsAbnormal rate of VEEG in HLD patients was significantly higher than that in healthy subjects(80.4% vs 17.5%,P0.01).The abnormal rate was not significantly different in different clinical types of HLD patients.A slow-down of the basic rhythm,paroxysmal slow wave and epileptiform discharges were main changes found by VEEG.ConclusionVEEG exam could improve abnormal rate in patients with HLD,as compared with that of regular EEG,especially the incidence of epileptiform discharges is increased in sleeping state.


There are two methods to calculate stress intensity factors with large-scale finite element analysis software ANSYS and "displacement extrapolation": The first is a 1 / 4-node element simulation of crack tip singularity,and stress intensity factor value is given by ANSYS directly;Another is to calculate stress or displacement of the nodes near the crack tip,then factor value is given by linear fitting.And the second method does not necessarily consider singularity,if the mesh is fine enough..Through a case study,the procedure and techniques of calculating the stress intensity factor with ANSYS are illuminated,then a comparison analysis is made between calculation results and theoretical analysis results.The results show the two methods are all feasible.


In discrimination-aware classification, the pre-process methods for constructing a discrimination-free classifier first remove discrimination from the training data, and then learn the classifier from the cleaned data. However, they lack a theoretical guarantee for the potential discrimination when the classifier is deployed for prediction. In this paper, we fill this gap by mathematically bounding the discrimination in prediction. We adopt the causal model for modeling the data generation mechanism, and formally defining discrimination in population, in a dataset, and in prediction. We obtain two important theoretical results: (1) the discrimination in prediction can still exist even if the discrimination in the training data is completely removed; and (2) not all pre-process methods can ensure non-discrimination in prediction even though they can achieve non-discrimination in the modified training data. Based on the results, we develop a two-phase framework for constructing a discrimination-free classifier with a theoretical guarantee. The experiments demonstrate the theoretical results and show the effectiveness of our two-phase framework.


Abstract The South African Constitution establishes a vision for the country that is based on fundamental individual equality and non discrimination, supported through rigorous respect for the rule of law. This vision of the role of law in society as integral to upholding constitutional principles, however, relies on ensuring access to legal services. This is, in fact, directly provided for in s 34 of the Constitution. The recognition of the importance of access to justice has been a cornerstone of the work of Justice Edwin Cameron throughout his career as both a judge and an activist. This article examines the continuum between access to legal services and access to justice and the need for individualised access to legal services in order for constitutional rights to be enforced. The authors hold that there are positive obligations on the state, as well as the courts, to facilitate access to justice. While the state has been discharging this duty mainly in the sphere of criminal justice, there is a duty and a growing need to enable the advancement of constitutional and civil claims. Unless the need for justice and remedies for injustice are met by the courts and the law, there will be negative consequences for the popular legitimacy of the courts and indeed the Constitution itself.


This paper proposes a POI recommendation framework based on deep neural network. Firstly, we use k-means algorithm to cluster the POIs according to their geographical locations, so that POIs with high location proximity would be grouped into one category. Then, a convolutional neural network model is designed to study explicit correlations between users and POIs in aspects of respective features (such as correlations between users' age and POIs' location). Meanwhile, we use another neural network model to simulate matrix factorization method in machine learning. It can dig into implicit correlations between users and POIs according to users' ratings of POIs. Lastly, the explicit and implicit correlations between users and POIs are integrated to comprehensively represent user-POI coupling relationships. After, we put the user-POI coupling relationships into a fully connected network for recommendation. The model proposed in this paper has been evaluated on the Yelp dataset and the experimental results show that the model proposed in this paper achieves high recommendation accuracy.


In our system,the absolute value circuit with diode whose pins are floated,it makes the circuit can't be integrated on chips.To solve this problem,an alternative way is to adopt operation amplifiers to form absolute value circuit which have no diodes.Pspice simulation shows,the amplitude error of the circuit containing the operation amplifiers,OPA365,is very small,only 0.7% compared with the ideal case;its amplitude error around the zero voltage level is less than 12 mV and the phase error can be ignored.Accordingly,the absolute circuit without diode will achieve less than 0.7% amplitude error with the rail-to-rail operation amplifiers which have the proper structure.The new circuit implemented with on-chip integration is expected to be applied in the research of our project:"transformation of AC(Alternating Current)-AC" and in the field of the electrical survey.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of human parathyroid hormone fragment-(1-34) treatment on bone mass and biomechan-ical properties in ovariectomized rats.METHODS The ovariectomized rats were treated for 8 weeks with hPTH1-34 group (40 μg·kg-1·d-1, sc, five times per week) or vehicle as OVX control group respectively, the sham-ovariectomized rats were untreated. All of the samples of lum-bar vertebrae(L1-6), right femur, blood and urine were collected while rats were sacrified. The BMD of lumbar vertebrae and femur ,the parameters of femoral biomechanics and the levels of bone turnover markers were measured. RESULTS The BMD values at L1-6, distal femur and femoral shaft in hPTH1-34 group were significantly increased respectively compared with those in OVX control group. No significant differences were observed in BMD values of lumbar, femoral shaft between hPTH1-34 group and sham group. The values of Can. Load and Can. Stiff at distal femur in hPTH1-34 group were higher than those in OVX control group respectively. No significant differences were observed in the values of Can.Load and Can.Stiff at distal femur between hPTH1-34 group and sham group. The values of Max.Load at femoral shaft in hPTH1-34 group were higher than those in sham group and OVX control group. There were no significant differences in the values of elastic modulus at femoral shaft among hPTH1-34 group, OVX control group and sham group. The levels of serum ALP and urine Dpd/Cr in hPTH1-34 group were lower than those in OVX control group, while higher than those in sham group. CONCLUSION hPTH1-34 has a pronounced anabolic effect on bone mass and biomechanical properties in ovariectomized osteoporotic rat model.


With the rapidly expanding social network service, the distribution of information shows that social networks have evolved into platforms of...


Pharmacy is a practical subject.Pharmacy experimental teaching plays an important role in cultivating the students' creativity and overall analytical ability.In view of the current situation and problems in pharmacy experimental centers in universities,some idiographic methods on how to improve the management of open laboratory teaching were introduced based on the practice in the pharmaceutical laboratory in Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities.Besides,the reform of laboratory management system,experimental teaching,examination mode and staff construction were explored.The aim is to construct an open research platform,to establish in-and off-campus practice teaching base and to organize diversified technological innovation activities.One or more innovative protocol(s) were discussed and practiced in parallel by students in groups to build a new pharmacological experimental teaching system,which has the characteristics of being comprehensive and multilevel.The teaching reform meets the national and social requirements for higher vocational education,and is beneficial for the cultivation of application-oriented talents.


This paper presents a five level diode clamped multilevel inverter topology which can be used for lowmedium power industrial applications. The topology of five levels diode clamp multilevel inverter is tested using MATLAB. Circuit operation is presented, simulated & Total Harmonic Distortion is analysed. A pulse to the inverter is provided using discontinuous PWM technique.


A 3-m grazing-incidence monochromator was calibrated absolutely in the wavelength region from 40 to 1100 Å by means of tokamak discharges. The monochromator was equipped with a platinum-coated ruled grating blazed at 146 Å and a windowless Cu–Be Photomultiplier. Line-pairs used in the atomic-branching-ratio calibration were impurity lines emitted from oxygen and carbon ions, in various ionized states, in JFT-2 and DIVA hydrogen discharges. The effect due to self-absorption was negligibly small for the impurity resonance lines, because the densities of the impurity ions were very low. Errors in the calibration experiment were estimated to be typically within several tens of percent and were largely ascribable to the lack of accuracy in the values of transition probabilities. The absolute sensitivity of the monochromator determined through the present calibration was considered to be sufficiently reliable for the investigation of impurities in high-temperature tokamak plasmas.


When an unknown target emits a radio signal, its position can be localized by a network of sensors (or radar receivers) using the time difference of arrival (TDOA) information. In this paper, we consider the maximum likelihood formulation of this target localization problem and provide efficient convex relaxations for this nonconvex optimization problem. In addition, we propose a robust target localization method based on semidefinite programming when the sensor locations are not exactly known. Simulation results confirm the efficiency and superior performance of the convex relaxation approach as compared to the existing least squares based approach.


Poly(2,5-thiophenediylvinylene-1,4-phenylenevinylene)s with one or two alkoxy groups as side chains of variable lenghts (8a, b and 9a – c) were prepared by Wittig-reaction of 2,5-thiophenedicarbaldehyde with the corresponding "bis(Wittig-salt)s". To establish the structure of the polymers, model compounds 10 and 11 were synthesized. Charge-transfer (donor-acceptor) complexes were prepared by iodine doping of the polyvinylenes 8 and 9. The room temperature conductivity, σ298K, of the original polymers was found to be increased by several orders of magnitude upon doping. It was not possible to remove all the iodine from the charge-transfer complexes in vacuum.


In this paper, the yield behavior of closed-cell foams under multiaxial load conditions is investigated via finite element analysis on the representative volume element (RVE) scale by using the regular Kelvin of RVE and random models of RVE, respectively. Several different definitions of yield are considered in the study. By benchmarking the simulations with the experimental data in the literature, it is shown that the elastic energy criterion is shown to be suitable for the definition of the yield point of closed-cell foams under different stress states. Based on the micro-scale elastic energy, which can be readily obtained by numerical simulation, a general yield definition is proposed to determine the yield behavior of the closed-cell foam materials at macroscopic scales. To test the adaptability of this general yield definition, we analyze multiple random models with different relative densities and inner structures. The results indicate that this general yield definition method can be used for different models, even applied to continuum materials.


Shop of production of titanium tetrachloride (TiClJ pertains to one of the main subdivisions of Ust-Kamenogorskiy titanium-magnesium industrial complex, which is the largest enterprise of non-ferrous metallurgy in Kazakhstan and the leader of CIS and Europe in producing titanium and magnesium (up to 20 % ofwhole world production of spongy titanium and 30-35 % of world volume of export). Main production insalubrities of production of titanium tetrachloride are TiCI. itself and its products of hydrolysis hydrogen chloride (HCI), carbonic oxide, phosgene, magnesium chloride and others.


According to technical specification and the experiences from design practice, this paper introduces the bracing system design method for light -weight steel buildings. A number of problem needing to pay attention to in designing are discussed.


We consider the question of how to predict whether a student is on or off task while working on a computer programming assignment using elapsed time since the last keystroke as the single independent variable. In this paper we report results of an empirical study in which we intermittently prompted CS1 students working on a programming assignment to self-report whether they were engaged in the assignment at that moment. Our regression model derived from the results of the study shows power-law decay in the engagement rate of students with increasing time of keyboard inactivity ranging from a nearly 80% engagement rate after 45 seconds to 30% after 32 minutes of inactivity. We find that students remain engaged in programming for a median of about 8 minutes before going off task, and when they do go off task, they most often return after 1 to 4 minutes of disengagement. Our model has application in estimating the amount of engaged time students take to complete programming assignments, identifying students in need of intervention, and understanding the effects of different engagement behaviors.


Several solutions have been proposed for mobility management in IP based heterogeneous networks, working at different protocol levels, from layer 2 up to application level. In order to take the handover decision, many solutions require to monitor the performance of the heterogeneous networks to which the mobile device is connected. Measuring the physical or link level performance on a given wireless access networks does not provide a reliable indication of the perceived level of service when the application flows are handed over that wireless access network. It is therefore needed to take measurements at IP level, on the (bidirectional) path from the Mobile Host to an intermediate node handling the mobility or even to the remote Correspondent Host. Gathering such measurements in a timely, effective and efficient way is not an easy task. In this paper we show that a naïve approach using application level active measurements is highly CPU intensive. This would severely impact battery usage in Mobile Hosts and does not scale if intermediate mobility management nodes are involved. On the contrary we show that an implementation of active measurements in the Linux kernel has a very low CPU usage. In this approach an efficient use of batteries in Mobile Host can be achieved and intermediate mobility management nodes can scale up to monitoring thousands of flows towards Mobile Hosts. Finally we discuss how combining passive and active measurements could further improve the solution.


We isolated several mutants that are highly resistant to 2'deoxy-2'-azidocytidine by culturing mutagenized mouse FM3A cells in a medium containing 10-4 M of this analogue. The mutants incorporated deoxycytidine into acid-insoluble materials at a reduced rate, but incorporated cytidine normally. All the mutants isolated also were resistant to 1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine. The activity of deoxycytidine kinase in the crude extracts of these mutants was reduced to about 10 % that of the FM3A cells. Ourresults indicate that 2'-deoxy-2'-azidocytidine is recognized as deoxyribonucleoside by deoxycytidine kinase in contrast to reports that phosphate forms of this nucleoside analogue are recognized as ribonucleotide by the ribonucleotide reductase from calf thymus and E. coli and by E. coli primase.


The role of auditing in banks' risk assessment of SMEs : a literature review and new venues for future research


BACKGROUND: Alkylation of o-cresol with propylene or isopropyl alcohol (IPA) over solid acid catalysts results in the formation of carvacrol, which finds potential applications in the synthesis of fine chemicals, intermediates, specialty chemicals, flavours and fragrances.

RESULTS: The present work covers evaluation of novel mesoporous superacidic catalysts namely UDCaT-4, UDCaT-5 and UDCaT-6 in the greener synthesis of carvacrol. The catalysts are modified versions of zirconia showing high catalytic activity, stability and reusability. The catalytic activity increases in the following order: UDCaT-5 > UDCaT-4 > UDCaT-6 > sulfated zirconia. The process was optimized and a mathematical model developed to describe the reaction pathway in liquid phase. Carvacrol could be efficiently obtained with a selectivity up to 82% at an isopropanol conversion of 98% after 2 h over UDCaT-5 at 180 °C.

CONCLUSION: The reaction is free from any external mass transfer as well as intraparticle diffusion limitations and is intrinsically kinetically controlled. An overall second-order kinetic equation was used to fit the experimental data. The activation energy was found to be 19.2 kcal/mol. The reaction was carried out without any solvent in order to make the process cleaner and greener. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry


"War, Clausewitz and the Trinity." Thomas Waldman. Ashgate. February 2013. --- Today, the ideas of Carl von Clausewitz are employed almost ubiquitously in strategic studies, military history and defence literature, but often in a manner which distorts their true meaning. In this book, Thomas Waldman explores Clausewitz's central theoretical device for understanding war – the 'remarkable trinity' of politics, chance and passion. Waldeman displays his formidable scholarly grasp of Clausewitz's wide-ranging oeuvre, as well as his own talent at depicting it in a gripping, insightful and illuminating manner, writes Ben Mueller.


Though deeply rooted in the Middle Ages, as in every European Country, the French nonprofit sector differs in that it was secularized and restricted at the beginning of the 19th century by the centralized state. According to a tradition dating back to the 1789 Revolution, the state had the monopoly of public interest concerns. This tradition gradually lost force in the 20th century, and nonprofit organizations multiplied during the past three decades in every field of public interest. This trend was encouraged by the central and local governments in a period of decentralization and European integration. Decentralization offers a great opportunity for the French nonprofit sector; conversely, nonprofit organizations provide collective services in an alternative way and can offer an antidote to latent centralization tendencies.


Say-on-pay is a corporate governance mechanism through which investors cast a non-binding vote on executive compensation. The Dodd-Frank Act mandates say-on-pay for U.S. firms. Congress is currently considering changes to the legislation that would give boards much more discretion over say-on pay. Using an interactive laboratory experiment, we examine the relative effects of say-on-pay when it is mandated by law compared to when firms invite say-on-pay voluntarily, which is analogous to both the former U.S. regime and that proposed by current legislation. We find that boards voluntarily giving investors a say-on-pay, versus only offering it due to a regulatory mandate, improves investors' perceptions of the fairness of compensation-setting procedures, which leads to greater investor trust in boards of directors and increases their willingness to invest. We also find that investors react negatively when directors' compensation decisions do not conform to investors' expressed say-on-pay preference.
 JEL Classifications: M12; M48; M52.


The invention discloses a device for reducing and sorting food waste at the source, and belongs to the technical field of municipal environmental protection machinery. The device is characterized in that: food waste is poured into a feed system and is conveyed into a dehydration system, a sliding box is driven to slide in a housing through a propeller of the dehydration system, a extruding way or a beating way is adopted to complete the food waste dehydrating; the resulting sewage from the dehydration step enters a sewage box from a compression bin to enable a oil and water separation system to extract greases; the solid materials after completing the dehydration are pushed out from the compression bin and enter into a material discharge system; the solid materials are output through the material discharge system and wait for centralized processing. After being processed by the device provided by the present invention, the food waste is divided into three portions comprising the water, the greases and the solid materials so as to conveniently carry out post-treatments such as reuse production of the greases and the solid materials, regeneration treatment of the water source and the like. The device has characteristics of strong processing ability, low failure rate, high automaticity, simple and easy operation and maintenance, no requirement of chemical additives, high dehydration rate, short retention time of the food waste in the device, and the like, and is benefit for improving efficiency of resource reutilization production so as to achieve effect of energy saving and emission reduction.


The Jiuzhanggou gold deposit is tectonically in the located in the northwest of Waifangshan fault uplift of HuaXiong block on the south margin of North China platform,with developed fault structures and intense magmatism.The alteration rock gold deposit is the main gold type.The orebodies occur as veins,with ores in dissemination,veinletdissemination,vein-stockworks and honeycomb styles.The alternations involve mainly silicification,sericitization,kaolinization and carbonation.Based on the geological background,geological characteristics and ore-controlling factors of the investigated area,the prospecting criteria are summed up.


OBJECTIVE:To analyze the irrational use of intravenous drugs noted in prescription examination in pharmacy intravenous admixture service(PIVAS) so as to provide references for clinical rational drug use.METHODS: By a retrospective analysis,all the irrational prescriptions of intravenous drugs in PIVAS of Tianjin Municipal People's Hospital from December 2009 to March 2011 were collected and analyzed with respect to the reasons for the rejected dispensing of these prescriptions.RESULTS: The irrational drug use manifested itself as the following 6 aspects: improper administration,unreasonable choice of menstruum,improper combination of medicines,over-dosage,improper administration frequency and incorrect drug concentration.CONCLUSION: Through prescription examination by pharmacists,the irrational drug use can be corrected timely so as to ensure rational drugs use among patients.


churches are energized by "Africanization thinking" (using Maney's term) and most demonstrate independence on the cultural pattern. Some, even in South Africa, have been silent on apartheid. The fact that Martey is Ghanaian probably has a lot to do with his frequent references to Kwame Nkrumah. Considering the whole example of Nkrumah's record, an African theologian needs to take great care in using him for theologizing today. Martey features prominently African women who are contributing to the discussion and in doing so has raised the issue of women in Africa as a major issue. The book is an invaluable resource for the history of theologizing in Africa. His conviction that an ideal theology can be found in a synthesis of the two approaches is something that needs to be taken seriously.


Moisture absorption by polymeric composite materials is greatly dependent on the state of the applied stress. The present study deals with the most common diffusion parameters, namely, the rate, the maximum absorption capacity, and the Fickian diffusion coefficient, and proposes a model which predicts their changes with the stress level. The model is based on the considerations that the absorption capacity is determined by stress-dependent free volume changes, and that the diffusion coefficient in the unstressed as well as in the stressed state is expressed by a Doolittle-type equation. The free volume changes of the matrix are calculated through laminate theory equations using the elastic properties and the volume contents of the constituents. Experimental work with carbon fibre-reinforced epoxies of different fibre contents and orientations, loaded to various stress levels, exhibit excellent agreement with the theoretical model.


Most Hafnia alvei strains are sensitive to the bactericidal action of normal bovine serum (NBS) as well as to a serum in which the alternative pathway of complement activation has been thermally blocked. Introduction of polysaccharides (PS) to NBS lowers the bactericidal effect. In a serum in which the alternative pathway of complement activation is blocked, PS completely cancels the bacterial effect.


This study examines the quality of skills in the tour operations sector of the tourism
industry in Kenya. This quality assessment is carried out within the broad context of
tourism in Kenya and Sub-Saharan Africa and is based on an assumption of sectoral
differences in tourism training and education. The study employs different methods of
data collection and analysis. A n employee survey, a Delphi type study and semistructured
interviews are used to determine where the quality gaps exist, the preferred
mode of provision, while at the same time examining the relevance of identified key
international tourism training and education trends to Kenya's tourism systems.
The results indicate a convergence of opinion between industry and the education
providers to the effect that there are quality gaps in the development of skills in the
tour operations sector. The study also identifies the need to standardise tourism
training and education in Kenya. A national tourism training and education strategy is
recommended. Government policy-makers, education providers and the tourism
industry will find the results of the study useful.


The use of scenarios to depict forces of potential risk is demonstrated by economists alarmed by the imbalance between the debtor US and its creditors among Asia-Pacific central banks. One credible, if contested, pessimistic scenario until 2010 focuses on US debt, current account and government, which in the early 2000s had sustained growth led by consumer spending in the US and English-speaking countries. The crisis scenario over the current account deficit challenges the influence over risk thinking of alleged conventional wisdom based on favourable US economic performance data, IMF optimism about leading economies' future growth, and the questioning of the deficit itself as important and dangerous. The emerging interdependence of the US and China casts doubt on the feasibility of the radical economic and political changes that are needed to avoid a crisis that could seriously damage the global economy. Active preparation of risk management against the eventuality of a serious economic upheaval must weigh contested views of probability against less doubt about the severity of the damage if it were to occur.


Introduction: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is becoming a rare illness in industrialized nations, but it is still widespread in underdeveloped nations. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery is the GOLD Standard and is time tested procedure. Shunts, however, are associated with multiple problems.
Material and Method: This is an observational study that compares the outcome of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV) with Ventriculoperitoneal shunt in patients of TBM with hydrocephalus at a 6-month follow-up. This study was done at a single tertiary care center.  Data was collected from the patient records as per selection criteria. 100 consecutive cases in each ETV and Shunt group fulfilling selection criteria were included in the study.  The two procedures were compared for their clinical outcome based on modified Vellore grade at 6 months of follow-up.
Discussion: Evaluation of outcome at 6 months revealed an overall success rate of 68.5%. The success rate was higher for shunt (71%) as compared to ETV (66 %).  However, the difference between the two groups was not significant statistically. For children with advanced TBM and elevated ICP, shunt surgery may not be necessary. While some authors have considered the potential of delaying surgery for these kids, others have argued that even a single positive outcome warrants shunt placement for every kid with tuberculous hydrocephalus.
Conclusion:  In pediatric cases of TBM with Hydrocephalus ETV should be considered as a first-line treatment in lower grades of TBM. Though for definitive comparison, a long-term randomized study is needed, and the study to look into factors responsible for the failure of ETV in TBM cases needs to be identified to formulate an ETV success score.


Based on the measured data and remote sensing images of 75 sample irrigation areas of Guangdong province in 2010,grid box dimension method was used to analyze the box dimension of sample irrigation area.The results show that irrigation area of the province is subjected to fractal characteristics with the box dimension ranging from 1.0004 to 1.675,the mean of fractal dimension of 1.308 and mean shape index of 0.335,and shows a decreasing trend with the irrigation area scale.The box dimension of irrigation area at different scales is listed in the order of large-scale irrigation area(1.442) medium-sized irrigation area(1.287) small-scale irrigation area(1.195).The most significant factor is logarithm of non-empty grid with the correlation coefficient of 0.941.In this case,a variation function of spatial scale between irrigation district area,the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water and the box dimension under different grid scales is achieved.Meanwhile,five indicators related to many influencing factors,the value of the project evaluation,box dimension,irrigation area shape index,the reference crop evapotranspiration ET0 and precipitation are analyzed in this study.And the factors influencing the spatial pattern are also thoroughly investigated.The above-mentioned analysis and also those by the gray relational calculation show that the highest correlation of spatial influence factors is the engineering evaluation of 0.8478,followed by topographical features and meteorological factors.


Seismic risk is a measure of the damage that is expected in a specific area and time interval. It is based on the level of seismicity of locations (hazard), the resistance of buildings (vulnerability), and the type, quality and quantity of exposed assets (exposure). It can be measured by the expected economic loss, loss of life or damage to property size. Reducing the seismic risk comprises three phases: assessment, planning and implementation. The risk assessment requires a multidisciplinary approach that takes into account the expected physical damage (damage to buildings and economic losses), as well as social, organizational and institutional factors. At the city level, a risk assessment should start assessing the physical damage as a result of basic tools and the link between risk and vulnerability values of buildings. In this paper the creation of a database of existing buildings, classification of buildings and a procedure for determining the building typology that prevail in the city of Osijek is described. Based on the formed database, it is possible to implement certain seismic vulnerability methods.


Agglomeration, adsorption, and extraction in dispersed multiphase systems are ubiquitously encountered in biological systems, energy industry, and medical science. In this work, a novel lattice model is extended to the three-component complex systems and criterions based on the determinant , i i c i F K ∆ = − are accordingly proposed to predict the aforementioned behaviors based on a Helmholtz free energy formulation. Here, three characteristic factors i F 's are introduced to describe the internal energy effect, i.e., (agglomeration), and where ij A denotes the conservative potential coefficient between liquid particles in phase i and j , while the entropy factors , c i K 's in the determinants depend on the local structure of the liquid. To verify the theoretical criterions, many-body dissipative particle dynamics (mDPD) are employed to simulate the phase transition phenomena in various many-body dissipative systems, including agglomeration in a binary system, adsorption on solid surfaces from the liquid phase, and extraction-adsorption around an immiscible liquid-liquid interface. The simulation results show the notable dependence of the dispersed phase distribution transition on the quasi-order parameters i ∆ 's, which indicates the great potential of our model to analyzing various dispersed multiphase systems. The criterions are expected to be extended to study the structure effect induced by the temperature and dispersed particle shape on the phase transition phenomena in those complex systems.


As a component of an environmental design study, the geometry and dimensions of the water effluent plume from the Stelco Steel making facility at Nanticoke have been mapped for six cases with different dispersion characteristics. Small format aerial photography is used to provide cost effective and accurate information on the dispersion confirgurations. Interpretation of this imagery is verified using water quality data collected during ground information missions co-ordinated with three of the aerial photography flights. The maps provide an invaluable addition to idealized model predictions by illustrating the plume behaviour that is peculiar to that particular physical setting.


This study analyzes the general education course structure of a private university (referred to as TU) in Taiwan. First of all, this study reviews two popular models for G.E. course structure, the "core curriculum" model and the "distribution requirement" model. The core curriculum model in the past decade has been favored by Taiwan's Ministry of Education. Several Taiwan's universities were encouraged to adopt this model through government grand. However, after analyzing the G.E. course structure of six universities known for their outstanding G.E. program in Taiwan, this study found that the majority apply a "mixed" model to their own course-structure design. Using the data collected from consulting the experts from other universities and interviewing some teachers and students of TU, and the common features drawn from Hsin-Chih Chen, Professor, Center for General Education and Core Curriculum, Tamkang University (Correspondence Author) Chia-Cheng Yu, Professor, Graduate Institute of Curriculum and Instruction, Tamkang University Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Manuscript received: Jan. 14, 2014; Modified: Jan. 12, 2015; Accepted: Jan. 19, 2015. Bulletin of Educational Research March, 2015, Vol. 61 No. 1 pp. 69-100 06-3_陳杏枝+游家政_p069-100.indd 7


In this this article we discuss findings from an investigation of whether female student teachers would choose to study mathematics if it were optional for primary teacher education in Malawi. A mixed methods research methodology was used to collect data through survey and focus group discussions (FGDs). Five hundred and twenty three female students from 6 public teacher education colleges completed a questionnaire, and 160 of them participated in FGDs. A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the quantitative data while a thematic analysis was conducted on the qualitative data. The findings show that 68% of female students would choose to study mathematics while 32% would not. This correlated with the students' mathematics scores at the end of their secondary school national examination. Those students with high score passes opted for mathematics and those with low score passes did not, suggesting that performance at secondary school influenced their confidence in studying mathematics. Female student teachers' reasons for choosing or not choosing mathematics were it optional are classified into 5 categories: the perceived usefulness of mathematics, inner motivation to study mathematics, the nature of the college mathematics content, how mathematics courses are taught at colleges, and gender stereotype in mathematics lessons. We discuss these in relation to the Malawian government's agenda of increasing participation of females in mathematics, science, technology, and engineering.


Abstract : The translation studies the physico-chemical properties of carburized fibers which were greatly decreased by surface and inner structural defects. Inhomogeneities were observed with an electron microscope. (Modified author abstract)


In the system Cd(NO3)2-tu-H2O, tu = thiourea, the structures of three Cd(NO3)2 · ntu (n=2, 4) addition compounds were carried out. Monoclinic Cd(NO3)·2tu, space group P21/n, a = 4.267(1)Å, b = 11.956(1) Å, c = 11.330(1) Å, β = 100.22(6)°. The crystal structure is built up of neutral [Mtu2 ·(NO3)2] centrosymmetric complexes. The two polymorphic modifications when n = 4 coexist under ambient conditions. They are both monoclinic, space group P21/c, with cell parameters are a=21.380(3)Åβ =5.975(1) Å, c = 17.531(4) Å, β = 122.56(2)° for (I) and a = 12.811(3) Å, b= 9.157(1)Å, c = 15.770(2)Å, β = 91.20(1)° for (II). Their structures consist of complex [Mtu4] 2 + cations and NO3- anions, linked through extensive networks of weak hydrogen bonds which hold the structural units together.


The present paper examines the situation of software workers in India wherein the paper focuses on the disparities across sub-population distinguished socio-economic and regional characteristics and also attempt is made find the determinants of IT workforce within the household level characteristics.


The invention relates to a method for controlling, depending on the driving route, an energy storage device (10) of an at least partially electrically operated motor vehicle (12), for example a mild hybrid passenger vehicle, said method being carried out by a charge state control device (18). In addition, this charge state control device receives at least one data value, containing a piece of information and relating to an expected driving situation on a route section of a driving route. Based on the received information, the energy required by a first device (14) of an on-board power supply on the route section (S2) is predicted. In the event that a value falls below a predetermined threshold value of the predicted energy requirement of the first device (14), a control signal causes an amount of energy of an energy reserve of the energy storage device (10), reserved for the first device (14) of the on-board power supply, to be at least partially allocated to a second device (16) of the on-board power supply. The method can also comprise: predicting a value of a freely available energy reserve of the energy storage device (10) on the route section, depending on the predicted energy requirement; and at least partially allocating the predicted freely available energy reserve to the second device (16).


Using covariates available on all sampled individuals along with an intensive follow‐up of nonrespondents is a useful approach to reduce the impact of nonresponse. We examined the performance of several different nonresponse models to account for such covariates and multiple survey waves to estimate the prevalence of birth control use in 106463 women taking the teratogenic drug Accutane. Nonrespondents to a first mailing were followed with two more mailings and then a telephone call. The first mailing had a response rate of 59.7 percent; the overall nonresponse rate was 15.2 percent. Age was available on all women and was strongly associated with both response and birth control use. We considered both multiple imputation and weighting strategies using information on age and time to response assuming that nonrespondents were: (i) like all respondents conditional on age, (ii) like reluctant respondents conditional on age, and (iii) projected from a model which includes trend. Simulation studies were used to examine the potential bias in this setting and we compared models under different assumptions about the missing data mechanism. Results describe the extent to which availability of covariate information and use of multiple waves improves estimation. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Male and female adults of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda . (J. E. Smith), were exposed to a substerilizing dose (10 krads) of radiation, and their progeny were reared on corn, Zea mays L., foliage and meridic diets with varying concentrations of resistant corn silk. Mean leaf damage ratings for all corn entries were higher for plants infested with larvae from nonirradiated adults than for plants infested with larvae from irradiated males crossed with normal females. However, the rate of larval establishment on foliage of all corn entries was not affected by the larval treatment. Larvae from irradiated males crossed with normal females were equally competitive with normal larvae in all measured parameters of laboratory bioassays. Larvae from irradiated females also were competitive with normal larvae except in early larval development and time to adult eclosion. The results suggest that host plant resistance and inherited sterility would be compatible strategies for managing populations of the fall armyworm.


Paraquat and diquat are of similar toxicity to rat alveolar and peritoneal macrophages in tissue culture. Irreversible damage to macrophages occurs after exposure of 30 min to paraquat or diquat at concentrations as low as 10-6 mol/l, resulting in the uptake of vital dye. Paraquat and diquat at concentrations of 10-5 mol/l or less do not reduce viability of fibroblasts as measured by dye exclusion but reduce cloning efficiency. The toxicity of diquat to fibroblasts is approximately ten-fold greater than that of paraquat.


Inadequate natural resources,low utilization ratio of agricultural resources,seriously polluted agricultural products and ecological imbalance are the existing problems holding back the development of agriculture in Xifeng District,Gansu.Therefore,the evaluation system for the development of agriculture in a sustainable and ecology-balanced way should be established gradually with the adoption of a series of measures,such as giving more publicity and improving the understanding about this issue among the public,transforming the mode of agricultural production,developing cyclic and ecology-balanced agriculture and standardizing the production process without polluting the environment.


Acknowledgments Introduction: An Empowering Approach to Welfare Programs Chapter 1: Beyond "Work First": Repressive vs. Empowering Welfare Programs Chapter 2: Encouraging Work, Discouraging the Hustle: Economic Capital Chapter 3: Bridging and Bonding: Social Capital Chapter 4: Pedagogy Matters: Cultural Capital Chapter 5: Education vs. Therapy: Comparing Lewiston and Strafford Conclusion: Making the Best of a Bad Policy Notes References Index


We prove PSPACE-completeness of several reversible, fully deterministic systems. At the core, we develop a framework for such proofs (building on a result of Tsukiji and Hagiwara and a framework for motion planning through gadgets), showing that any system that can implement three basic gadgets is PSPACE-complete. We then apply this framework to four different systems, showing its versatility. First, we prove that Deterministic Constraint Logic is PSPACE-complete, fixing an error in a previous argument from 2008. Second, we give a new PSPACE-hardness proof for the reversible 'billiard ball' model of Fredkin and Toffoli from 40 years ago, newly establishing hardness when only two balls move at once. Third, we prove PSPACE-completeness of zero-player motion planning with any reversible deterministic interacting [Formula: see text]-tunnel gadget and a 'rotate clockwise' gadget (a zero-player analog of branching hallways). Fourth, we give simpler proofs that zero-player motion planning is PSPACE-complete with just a single gadget, the 3-spinner. These results should in turn make it even easier to prove PSPACE-hardness of other reversible deterministic systems.


The quality of products has become a key factor for success in the current manufacturing industry. This is especially true in the aviation field where components for aircraft engines called honeycombs are produced. Due to their small dimension and peculiar shape, such components typically undergo a severe and cumbersome visual inspection by specialized operators. However, this process is highly prone to human error, requires a lot of time and a high number of undetected defects have been reported. In order to reduce the whole inspection time, ensure higher quality and guarantee standardization and process control, this paper presents an innovative strategy for the fully-automated inspection of honeycomb engine parts. The proposed solution is a two-phase process fully controlled by a robot, leveraging a camera as well as a purposely designed optic fibers sensor, coupled with Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms for the detection of different types of defects. To assess the functionality and validity of the proposed solution, a fully functioning prototype is described and characterized.


An electrochemical sensor (1) is to be provided, with which even extremely small quantities or concentrations of a target chemical substance can be detected or quantified with a high precision in a particularly reliable manner. According to the invention, the sensor (1) therefore has a detector zone (10) formed by nanoparticles (14) which are embedded in a matrix (12) and have a higher electric conductivity than the matrix material, the electric conductivity (s) of said zone being determined by electron tunneling, ionization or hopping processes among the nanoparticles (14) and by the electrochemical interaction thereof with a target substance to be detected.


In the last lecture we derived a lower bound for the rate of convergence of any black box model on β-smoothness and α-strongly convex objectives by constructing the "hardest function" in that class of functions. Our analysis left a gap between the lower bound and the upper bound of the rate of convergence of gradient descent which we aim to fill in this lecture by showing that accelerated methods achieve this lower bound.


─ In this paper, a frequency reconfigurable antenna was presented. This antenna is made up of a square loop and a microstrip line with a gap, in which the few layer graphene (FLG) sheet is located to achieve frequency reconfigurable. FLG is likes a lumped resistor with resistance. And the surface impedance can be adjusted by applying a direct current bias voltage, which obtains two work modes that imitate switch. Additionally, the experimental evidence show the proposed frequency reconfigurable antenna can provide a tunable bandwidth. Index Terms ─ Few layer graphene, frequency tunable, microstrip structure.


The requirement that the propellants used in launch vehicle systems must also provide the thermal energy to be converted to kinetic energy in the rocket nozzle has plagued rocket designers since the dawn of the space age. Beamed propulsion systems, however, avoid this constraint by placing the energy source on the ground and transmitting the energy to the spacecraft via microwaves. This computational work evaluates three different heat exchanger channel designs for use in a beam propulsion spacecraft. The working fluid was hydrogen and the input energy was 1.3 kW. The increase in axial temperature along the 0.1 m long channel was as high as 2000 K. In addition, it was found that despite the very small diameter of the minichannels, 1 mm, each design produced extreme temperature gradients across the channel cross section. These temperature gradients affected the velocity profile; the maximum velocity was not located at the channel center.© 2013 ASME


This paper addresses the question how theoretical linguists working on the documentation of endangered languages can contribute to the preservation of those languages and the development of materials that help preserve and revitalize them. Are field linguists with no background in educational sciences adequately trained for developing teaching materials? Do the data from a documentation project serve as a good base for materials that support language preservation? Which pitfalls can be easily avoided, and how can you ensure that the materials are valuable for the community and actually serve their needs?

The paper is based on the lessons learned from the elaboration of Baure teaching materials. Baure is an Arawak language of the southern branch (Aikhenvald 1999: 65-71, Danielsen forthcoming), spoken in the Bolivian lowlands. With only approximately 20 native speakers left, it is considered a critically endangered language and since the speakers are all elderly, the language may get extinct within the next few decades. Several initiatives have been taken to revitalize the Baure language, by the local schools and the Baure indigenous movement, as well as by field linguists studying the language. Alongside a documentation project, we have produced several materials for the community, among which a digital vocabulary trainer, a memory game, and a bilingual story book. On request of the local school board to provide more materials in the language, a Baure course book was published in 2012. It was taken into account that none of the teachers is actually a native Baure speaker and the course book was specifically designed for second language learning. Teacher training is known to be an essential part of teaching endangered languages and inadequate teacher training may cause the failure of teaching programs (Hinton 2001: 349). However, this is particularly challenging when the teachers do not speak the language. In order to present the course book, give a basic introduction on the Baure grammar, and assist the teachers in implementing the materials, workshops were organized for 80 local teachers.

This paper critically reflects on teaching materials produced by field linguists not specialized in educational sciences, which are based on data collected in documentation projects. It highlights both the successes and shortcomings of the elaboration of the Baure course book, and discusses how the materials were received by the community and integrated in the school curriculum. Based on this experience, recommendations are given to field linguists seeking to produce similar materials.


Background: The aim is to present our experience of Limberg and it's modified flaps in post firearm injuries (FAI). Subjects and Methods: A series of patients with FAI underwent Limberg and its modified flaps under general anaesthesia over a period of one year from June 2018 to May 2019. Results: All patients were young male aged between twenty-one and twenty-five years and in all patients, Limberg and it's modified local flap proved to be better than skin grafts with early return of patient functionality and did not require frequent dressing change. Conclusion: Our series indicates that Limberg and its modified flaps can be safely used to reconstruct post firearm moderate to large wounds.


This study provides first, a descriptive analysis, of participation through works councils. Secondly the study provides a survey of the level of, constraints on, and potential for, workers' participation in practice.
The study was conducted in eleven enter¬prises in Lusaka from May to October, 1978 plus a six weeks' study tour of the Central and Co-pperbelt Provinces. The methodology framework of the study includes literature review, use of official documents, questionnaires and interviews. The study reveals that workers' participa-
tion was introduced in Zambia for both ideological and pragmatic reasons. Because of the ideologieal commitments to the philosophy of humanism, the ruling party (UNIP) and the Government initially wanted a radical type of workers' participation somewhat modelled after the Yugoslav system of self-management. However, the employers and the socio-economic conditions prevailing in Zambia during the 1969-71 period (when the legislative process was underway), suggested caution and put pressure on the Government to finally adopt a moderate model of workers' participation similar to the West German Scheme of Works Councils.
The evaluation of workers' participation in practice demonstrates that workers are rarely informed, consulted and involved in co-decision to the extent envisioned by Part Vll of the Industrial Relations Act. The main constraints on participation according to*the study are; unfavourable management attitudes, inadequate support from Government and other institutions for participation, legal complexities and contra-
dictions, and irrelevance of the type of issues discussed in Council meetings to workers' imme¬diate interests.
Unfavourable management attitudes are caused by the managers' ideas about participation. Most managers think that participation negated corporate autonomy, has no immediate value, and is an unwanted bother. Such negative attitudes frustrate the rank and file and curtail the level of workers'
participation in management. The problem of legal complexities involves the existence of a veritable maze of work rules, regulations, articles of la¬bour, and company legislation beyond the workers'control. The problem of inadequate government
support stems from lack of resources. This problem has affected the seriousness with which workers'participation has been taken by both employees and employers and has delayed the consolidation of participation. *


Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), a myeloproliferative disease of stem cell origin, is characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome and the bcr‐abl oncogene. The BCR‐ABL fusion gene product, thought to be causative in CML, has multiple effects on diverse cell functions such as growth, differentiation and turnover as well as adhesion and apoptosis. Persistent Ph‐negative progenitors co‐exist with leukemic cells, both in the marrow and blood of patients, in the early chronic phase of the disease. Despite accumulating knowledge of hemopoiesis and the disease process, CML remains incurable with conventional chemotherapy. Nonetheless, with the efficacy of the ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI‐571 (signal transduction inhibitor 571) as a novel therapy in CML recently being realized in clinical trials, it is therefore timely to review our current understanding of the cell biology of this fascinating disease. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Having noted the article about more women dying from heart disease than breast cancer every year ('A neglected majority', Feature, January 25) and also on 'Cervical cancer: improving the service' (Clinical, January 25), I couldn't help feeling that men's health gets a raw deal.


The concepts of Takfir are generally refer to Alquran and prophetic traditions. This concept  of Takfir has graduations and levels as well as the faith. According to Salaf and Khalaf the criteria of Takfir should be taken from Alquran, sunah, ijma 'and i'tibar . (2) The factors influent the differences of the concept  and its division are different understanding.  It causes different definitions then enrises terms such as Takfir mutlaq and Takfir muayyan, Takfir mutlaq and Takfir muqayyad,  and also al-kufr al-asgar and al-kufr al-akbar due Salaf's thought . In otherside Khalaf were not explaining them, eventhoughal-Qardhawiy used them in his writing . (3)The factors influent the differences creteria of takfir found in several items. According to Salaf , nifaq and tajsim understanding and also trespassing lafziy in Alquran and prophetic traditions became causes of Takfir, on the other hand according to Khalaf , they are unbelieving syahadat Allah, messengers and rejecting his laws, unbelieving to the mutawatir principle of faith and religion. Salaf uses textual unsderstandings and Khalaf uses contextual one.Then, then the consequences of Takfir generally are suitable among  Salaf and Khalaf where are back to Alquran. Doing al-kufr al-akbar  caused blood allowance and goods as well as done by justice decision and disgracing in the life in this world and should be consigned to the heavy punishment in the hereafter.


Indonesia, India and China are among the world's major producers of gums and resins. India is the leading producer of lac, Guar Gum and Gum Karaya. Gum and resin are important minor forest produce and are a source of livelihood for tribals residing in forest, sub-forest, desert and mountain areas. Some state governments have banned the tapping of resins and gums as the method for tapping are destructive in nature. To give proper attention to these important export oriented minor forest products, ICAR has approved a Network Project on Harvesting, Processing and Value Addition of Natural Resins and Gums (HPVA of NRG) with six centers apart from lead centre at IINRG, Ranchi. Network Project Centers on Pine Rosin, Gum Karaya, Gum Arabic and Guggul have worked to develop scientific method of tapping along with adopting/developing tapping tools, which have been presented in the paper.


An analysis is presented of ion temperature and concentration data from the retarding potential analyzer on board the Ogo 6 satellite. The investigation is restricted to plasma measurements in the undisturbed nighttime nonpolar ionosphere between 400 and 450 km spanning several months near solstice; under these conditions, observed ion temperatures are assumed to approximate the neutral gas temperature closely. Emphasis is placed upon statistical analyses of all data acquired within small cells of finite width in latitude and day of observation. Physical effects induced by changing solar and geophysical conditions are considered by comparing these average temperatures with the mass spectrometer and incoherent scatter (MSIS) atmospheric model. Measured nighttime temperatures between low summer and middle winter latitudes are, on the average, about 50°K lower in magnitude than those calculated from the model. The MSIS model does, however, provide an excellent representation of the observed long-term temperature variations. Measured total concentrations of the molecular ions near the equator are larger in magnitude than those calculated according to equilibrium ion chemistry; this difference exceeds current stated uncertainties in either the reaction rates or the supporting neutral composition and suggests that important problems remain in our quantitative understanding of the ion chemistry of the nighttime F region. On the other hand, changes in the equatorial molecular ion concentrations are directly related to similar variations in the observed ion temperatures and in the MSIS neutral atmosphere.


FIELD: personal effects. SUBSTANCE: cleaner is designed for wet and dry cleaning the uncovered floor surfaces. The cleaner contains the control lever pivotally connected to the bottom, return system with wet and dry cleaning suction nozzles mounted on the bottom, wet and dry dust return tank, control air duct started from each dry cleaning suction nozzle and wet cleaning suction nozzle to the return tank. The control lever or the bottom accommodates the mounted electromotor/fan assembly to generate control air flow in the control air duct, at least, from dry cleaning suction nozzle or wet cleaning suction nozzle to the return tank. The control air duct starts from each dry cleaning suction nozzle and wet cleaning suction nozzle to the return tank. The control air duct contains the mounted deflector moving between dry cleaning suction position and wet cleaning suction position for selective, at least, partial blocking of the control air flow from wet cleaning suction nozzle and dry cleaning suction nozzle, respectively to the return tank. Besides there is a mounted mechanism connected with the deflector on the control lever to enable the deflector to move between dry cleaning suction position and wet cleaning suction position. According to the performance version the cleaner contains the initiator mounted on the bottom and moving vertically between low position for contact interaction with the cleaned surface and lifted position over the cleaned surface for selective excitation. The cleaner can contain the cut-off valve mounted in the return tank and used to prevent hydrodynamic connection of electromotor/fan assembly and the return tank if liquid level in the return tank reaches the first preset value once the control lever is in the first position forward from the vertical position, and the second preset value different from the first one once the control lever is in the second position back from the vertical position. According to the performance version provided, the cleaner is supplied with bothway holder on the control lever, with the first part adapted for convenient holding with the user hand as the control lever is in dry cleaning suction position, and the second part adapted for convenient holding with the user hand essentially in the similar relative position as the control lever is in wet cleaning suction position. EFFECT: improved convenience in using the cleaner with simplified design and without auxiliary means. 39 cl, 29 dwg


In this paper we provide some technical results related to the Lorenz dominance, which allow to prove that the allocation obtained by the algorithm in Dutta and Ray (1989), when exists, and the elements of the equal split-off set always Lorenz dominate every allocation in the core of the game.