Objective:Our aim was to evaluate the acute,intermediate results of Cheatham-Platinum stent implantation for coarctation of the aorta in children.Methods:14 patients with CoA received CP stent implantation.The median age and body weight were 11 years(range 4 to 14 years) and 38.4 kg(range 19.9 to 60kg).8 were male,6 were female.6(46%) were native CoA and 7(54%) were recurrent CoA.Collect and analyse the data of pre-implantation,post-implantation and follow-up outcome.Results:14 CP stents were implanted successfully,including 6 bare stents and 8 covered stents.Immediately after stenting,the peak systolic pressure gradient decreased from(34.86 ± 17.48) mmHg(1mg = 0.133kPa) to(1.64 ± 1.64) mmHg(P 0.001),and the CoA diameter increased from(6.45 ± 1.39) mm to(11.79 ± 1.59) mm(P 0.001).The ratio of minimum CoA diameter to diameter of descending aorta(CoA:DAo) increased from(0.41 ± 0.12) to(0.74 ±0.10)(P 0.001).upper extremity systolic blood pressure decreased from(142.07 ±28.95) mmHg to(122.29 ± 25.29) mmHg(P 0.001),and lower extremity systolic blood pressure increased from(105.21 ± 21.35) mmHg to(122.29 ± 25.29) mmHg(P 0.05).one patient died of disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC) secondary to endomembrane avulsion of iliac artery 2 days after stent implantation.There was no aortic wall injury,both acutely and at follow-up.Conclusion:Use of CP stents for treatment of CoA in children is effective in the short and intermediate term.To evaluate the long term results,more cases will be required,and follow-up is ongoing.


Anchovy is very abundant in Indonesian waters and become economically potential export commodity. The value of anchovy production in Indonesia increased from Rp 1.222 billion in 2006 to Rp 3.095 billion in 2014. The anchovy processing industries in East Java are mainly found in Madura and Tuban. This study was aimed to identify the implementation levels of the GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) and SSOP (Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures) of three semi-dried anchovy fish processing units(UPI) in Tuban. The application of GMP and SSOP in these three fish processing units was assessed using observation and interview. The research shows that the application of the GMP and SSOP at UPI A andUPI B did not fulfill the regulation of the Minister of Industry of the Republic of Indonesia in 2010. Many components such as the building condition and layout, solid waste management, environmentalmanagement and personal management are still not fulfilled the standard. Meanwhile, UPI C in general have fulfilled the Regulation of the Minister of Industry of the Republic of Indonesia in 2010.


RFID is a generic term for technologies which use RF waves to identify, track, or categorize any object. One of the research areas in RFID systems is a tag anti-collision protocol; how to reduce identification time with a given number of tags in the field of an RFID reader. There are two types of tag anti-collision protocols for RFID systems: tree based algorithms and slotted aloha based algorithms. This paper proposes a method for enhancing the performance of the present RFID tag anti-collision protocols by scanning the positions of collided bits and once accessing few memories at tags to inform the positions. Since any of the present RFID tag anti-collision protocols with the scanning-based pre-processing can ignore the overhead from no collided bits, the analytic results show that scanning-based pre-processing elicits lower time consumption for tag identification from the present schemes


The decomposition of 2‐chlorophenol by the UV/O3 process was studied under various pH values, O3 input mass flow rates and UV intensities to investigate the removal efficiencies of reactants and organic intermediates. The decomposition rate of 2‐chlorophenol by UV/O3 process was found to increase with increasing O3 input dosage, light intensity and pH value, but the mineralization of organic intermediates was found to be less influenced, especially for alkaline solutions where HCO3 ‐ and CO2‐ 3 species may accumulate as free radical scavenger. The 2‐chlorophenol in aqueous solutions is completely destroyed by UV/O3 process within 15 minutes. The mineralization efficiencies of 2‐chlorophenol in aqueous solution is above 90% under adequate reaction conditions within three hours. The temporal behavior of the decomposition of 2‐chlorophenol in aqueous solutions at pH 11 by UV/O3 process can be described by the mixed two‐step consecutive kinetic model. The apparent kinetic equations regarding the effects of pH...


To improve the thermal and other important properties of refractories, a method of volume sintering, differing in principle irom film sintering, is presented. Instead of using two chemically different materials for the basic oxide and liquid phase of the refractory, ss in the csse of film sintering, only one material is used, the quantity of liquid phase being the same in both phases. Using the volume form of sintering under industrial conditions in the production of multichamotte refrsctory for the shaft of a blast furnace, refractory was obtained having better properties than the previously manufactured refractory. (auth)


Two new amides derived from cinnamic acid, namely,(R)-2-hydroxyputrescine dicinnamamide (4) and pholiotic acid {(2R)-2-[(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryloxy]putrescine dicinnamamide} (5), in addition to the known compound maytenine (N1,N8-dicinnamoyl spermidine) (3) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of the Basidiomycete Pholiota spumosa. The absolute configuration of 4 was established as (R) by its total synthesis starting from (S)-dimethylmalate, whereas that of 5 was determined by conversion into the known compound methyl (S)-4-[(S)-1-(1-naphthalen-1-yl)ethylcarbamoyl]-3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate (14). Compounds 3 and 5 exhibited an inhibitory effect on cell growth of the androgen-insensitive DU-145 prostate cancer cells, which suggests that these fungal polyamine conjugates, like other polyamine analogues, might have chemotherapeutic potential against androgen-independent prostatic cancer. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)


In this paper we proposed an application on smart phones for interactive mobile learning. Image recognition technology is used to link physical objects seen through the camera to relevant information. Through the built-in camera on the smart phone, visual interactive learning can be realized. With the GPS sensor, location activated learning is also possible. Combining both the camera and the GPS sensor on the phone, multimedia contents can either be activated by snapping a picture from a real world object or entering a predefined geographical area. This makes the learning process more interesting and intuitive. A web portal is developed for teachers to create the learning trails for different learning objectives. The mobile apps are also developed for iOS and Android platforms. A trial was conducted with school teachers and students and positive feedbacks are obtained.


Use of chemical activator for the management of root-knot disease in medicinal and aromatic plants can become an attractive alternative to traditionally used nematicides. Large numbers of chemical molecules are present in the plants and are involved in the induction of different types of proteins. The purpose of our research study is to explore the possibilities of resistance factors that are inherent in the plant by treating them with few chemical activators to activate against root-knot nematode infection. Efforts were made to achieve a satisfactory suppression of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, a serious menace to successful cultivation of chamomile, Matricaria recutita L. Rauch (syn. Matricaria chamomilla L. Fain. Asteraceae) causing root-knot disease through use of different chemical activators. Here we examined selected groups of resistance activator viz. Isonicotinamide, 2-chloronicotinic acid, 5-nitrosalicylic acid, 4-chlorosalicylic acid, DL-2 aminobutyric acid, 2-aminobutyric acid, O-acetylsalicylic acid, 4-amino salicylic acid, salicylic acid and these were used as soil drench using 3 week old seedlings transplanted to root-knot nematode infested pots. Maximum reduction in root-knot severity and nematode population occurred with 4-chlorosalicylic acid, O-acetyl salicylic acid, 2-chloronicotinic acid and gave significant flower yield advantages. Present experiment suggests a strong possibility of these activators in integrated management for protection against plant parasitic nematodes.


In Capital, Marx warned us that the commodity has a mysterious character bearing "metaphysical subtleties and theological insights." This article attempts to decipher a little of this mystery by decoding it into what we call the strange objectivity of value. For this, we analyze the relation between ideology and value from the Marxian critique of the commodity, consigned to the Hegelian logic. We see that value is constituted as the ontological reason of the commodity as the product of the labor process that carries an immanent rationality, that is, a socially produced spirit that is objectified as it is experienced by the individuals as a social logic that governs the relations in this society. This is done through "metaphysical subtleties" in the formation of social reality marked by contradictions established between, on the one hand, the objective content of social relations, and on the other, the way in which these relations are experienced by consciousness in capitalist society. In this relationship between content and form, we find determinations of ontological depth between value and ideology, as a social form that operates by harmonizing the constituent contradictions of social reality, as in wage labor. Ideological mediation is seen as an immanent progression to the materialization of the concrete experience of the relation between capital and labor in wage, in order to naturalize the exploitation that is hidden in the strange objectivity of the value that is realized in the exchange of commodities. We conclude that the ontological connection between the social being and the commodity is socially ubiquitous precisely because of its ideological character in the formation of sociability from the labor process subjugated to capital.


Objective To observe effect of transportation method on the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) migration in glima rats. Methods The rat C6 glioma model was established by stereotactic procedure. In group A, BMSCs were injected into internal carotid artery in the tumor side after infusing low dose bradykinin; In group B the BMSCs were injected into internal carotid artery in the tumor side without bradykinin. In Group C the BMSCs were injected into the tail vein. Immunohistochemical methods were used to study the quantity and distribution of MSCs in glioma tissue and the normal cerebral tissue around. Results BMSCs could be seen extensively in the range of glioma tissue in each group,there were much more BMSCs we could see in group A than that in other groups( P 0.01). Most of BMSCs scatterd in the region of glioma.In the juncture area between glioma and normal brain,we could also find BMSCs. Conclusion Low dose of bradykinin is beneficial to BMSCs to migrate into C6 glioma.


Abstract Hearing loss is highly prevalent among older adults, as is occurrences of loneliness and social isolation. Both loneliness and social isolation are also associated with insidious outcomes such as earlier mortality from all-causes and higher prevalence of chronic comorbidities. The purpose of this review is to synthesize published investigations that report on the associations between hearing loss with loneliness and social isolation. A systematic search through PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library identified an initial total of 2495 references. Two independent reviewers screened articles for inclusion, with a third reviewer adjudicating. Studies published in English of older adults with hearing loss that also assessed loneliness and/or social isolation using a validated measure were included. Investigators used a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) to appraise study quality. A final total of 14 articles were included in the review. The majority (12/14) were cross-sectional in design. Assessment methods were varied across hearing status, loneliness, and social isolation. Despite this heterogeneity, most multivariable adjusted investigations revealed that hearing loss was significantly associated with higher risks for both phenomena. Several studies also revealed this association to vary across gender, with women showing a stronger association than men. Our findings indicate that hearing loss is associated with both loneliness and social isolation, which have important implications for the cognitive and psychosocial health of older adults. Future investigations should examine possible underlying mechanisms of these relationships, as well as the efficacy of interventions through aural rehabilitation programs in addressing loneliness and social isolation.


SEVERAL authors have observed the presence of iodine in the hair of mammals (Elmer, 1938; p. 82). The quantity of iodine per 100 gm. of hair was found to be 0.108 mg. in man (von Fellenberg, 1926), from 0.008 to 0.053 mg. in the rabbit (Maurer and Ducrue, 1928), and 0.437 mg. in the albino rat (Leblond, 1951). In the last case, the concentration of iodine in hair was about 100 times greater than in other organs. It is well known that abnormalities of the fur and particularly a pronounced retardation of hair growth occur after thyroidectomy and that normalcy can be restored by administration of thyroid preparations (Harington, 1928). It was a reasonable possibility that the thyroid hormone had to be present within the hair to produce its growth-promoting effect. The hormone would thus provide the hair iodine (by weight thyroxine is 65%, and tri-iodothyronine, 58% iodine). The present investigation was undertaken to test this hypothesis


The SIGPLAN Vice-Chair is responsible for overseeing the events that are affiliated with SIGPLAN. In particular, the Vice-Chair co-ordinates the endorsement of events by the SIGPLAN Executive Committee, approves the choice of general and programme chairs, approves programme committees, approves budgets (together with the Treasurer), and serves as a general resource for chairs. This report covers events during 2013.


A method based on Canny operator and active contour model is designed for extracting cells contours.Firstly,a primary snake near the desired cell contour is established with an threshold segmentation algorithm which is based on region growing.Secondly,the Canny algorithm of edge-location is fused into the greedy algorithm of Snake-model.Lastly,the primary snake is pushed toward appropriate position step by step by the total energy.Experiment shows that this method has superior contour localization accuracy and stable performance,and it solves the contour extraction of cells with many fake edges and break edges.


With the development of artificial intelligence technology, data-driven PHM technology has been widely used for life cycle health management of equipment. Equipment will generate a lot of data in the process of operation and production. Analyzing the data and establishing machine learning model can accurately evaluate the operation status of equipment. Increasingly, extracting knowledge from data has become an important task in organizations for performance improvements. Data is the resource for equipment health assessment, so it is of great significance to focus on the research of data quality. Based on this, the main work of this paper is as follows. (1) The data quality issues are discussed in the context of PHM. (2) The PHM framework is proposed for improving the reliability of equipment. (3) Several machine learning algorithms are introduced for state detection. (4) The proposed technology is applied to real cases, and the results are analyzed and visualized in detail.


Abstract Temporal partitioning of activity among sympatric species can be an important mechanism for species coexistence. Further, if exotic and native species overlap temporally, there is potential for direct competition and antagonism, which may lead to native species extirpation. We 1st assessed if ecologically similar native carnivores of Madagascar demonstrated activity pattern overlap and then explored whether overlap in activity might lead to negative impacts of exotic carnivores on native carnivores. We used photographic sampling to quantify the temporal activity patterns of carnivores at 4 study sites. The activity of the 2 smaller-bodied native species, Galidia elegans and Galidictis fasciata, overlapped minimally; these 2 carnivores share a similar generalist diet, which may drive their divergent temporal activity. In contrast, the medium-sized native species, Fossa fossana and Eupleres goudotii, were both highly nocturnal; these 2 species appear segregated in their diets. The largest native carnivore, Cryptoprocta ferox, selectively used crepuscular hours, but overall was cathemeral; it was notably absent or basically so at sites where dogs were most abundant and active throughout the diel cycle. We found G. elegans to shift from preferred activity periods in the presence of dogs and the exotic Viverricula indica. Our results suggest that the presence and activity of exotic carnivores can negatively impact native carnivores in fragmented rain forests.


Purpose: Weight stigmatization during adolescence may compromise development of social relations important for development. This study examined the associations between weight status and likelihood of nomination (indegree) for five different social network types - friendship, romantic, admiration, succeed, and popularity. Methods: Data for the study were from 1,110 10 th grade students (11 – 19 years) from four high schools in one Los Angeles school district in 2010. Multiple Poisson regression analyses using GLM were conducted to examine the relationship between weight status (underweight/normal-weight/overweight measured with BMI calculated from self-reported height and weight) and adolescents' indegree for the five different networks. Results: Obese adolescents were significantly less likely to be nominated as romantic interest (OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.19-0.42), admired (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.65-0.97), or popular (OR =


The objective of external beam radiation therapy is to deliver a high dose of sterilizing radiation to a diseased tumor site while minimizing the dose to as much of the surrounding normal tissue as possible. This is often accomplished by directing one or more megavoltage xray treatment portals at the diseased area from different directions. In theory, this principle maximizes the dose to the target site while minimizing the dose to surrounding healthy tissue. The efficacy of a course of radiation therapy may however be compromised by several factors. Geometric factors related to the accuracy to which the beam delivery system can reproduce the desired treatment set-up may cause deviations from the desired results. Patient set-up uncertainties are another factor and are related to the alignment of skin markings with respect to the underlying target structures within the body. In addition, a presumably fixed target may be geometrically shifted due to its proximity to neighboring organs or the patient may simply move during treatment thereby shifting the treatment portal with respect to the intended target. All of these factors contribute to a sub-optimal treatment outcome and possibly an increase in the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP). On-line electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) have been developed to monitor and help correct the inaccuracies encountered in radiation therapy. EPIDs were developed for verification of geometric accuracy, as they are capable of producing near real-time 2 D projection images of the target volume during a radiotherapy treatment. However, it has also become apparent that in addition to geometric verification, EPIDs can provide valuable dosimetric information, indicating points of interest in terms of over and under dosage. In this thesis, the dosimetric characteristics of the amorphous silicon EPID are investigated.


Permeability differences in multi‐cycle loess–paleosol aeolian sediments, which are still poorly understood, have the potential to significantly improve our understanding of climatic change during the glacial–interglacial periods of the Quaternary. In this study, the permeability of a well‐preserved and continuous loess–paleosol sequence in the South Jingyang Plateau was investigated. Weathering intensity was inferred using a series of climate proxies including grain‐size distribution, magnetic susceptibility and mineralogy. The results of laboratory tests showed that the average saturated hydraulic conductivity of loess layers is higher than that of paleosol layers. Also, clear differences between loess and paleosol were found in terms of depth variations of the vertical and horizontal saturated hydraulic conductivities. Differences in loess–paleosol were also found for other proxies for pedogenic weathering [i.e. clay content, sand content, Kd value (ratio of coarse silt to clay), magnetic susceptibility, dolomite content and the ratios of hornblende/illite and hornblende/chlorite]. Our results showed a high permeability of loess layers associated with weak pedogenic weathering during cold/dry paleoclimatic conditions in glacial stages. On the contrary, paleosol layers developed in a warm/humid climate during the interglacial stages experienced strong pedogenic weathering that resulted in lower permeability. Based on these results, we construct a connection between Quaternary climate change theory and the modern hydrological system. This provides a scientific basis for investigating the distribution and pollution of groundwater resources in the local region. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


IN the investigation of the food contents of large batches of math herring (Fishery Board for Scotland, Scientific Investigations, 1927, No. 1, "Observations on the Food of Post-Larval Herring from the Scottish Coast"), Miss Helen S. Ogilvie, of the Fishery Board for Scotland, has an exceptional opportunity. The fishes examined measured about 30 mm. to 45 mm., and were metamorphosing, having a more or less transparent body with, in the larger specimens, scales in the process of formation. Hitherto it has been far more difficult to find such stages than to find the fully scaled forms which are slightly older and larger and constitute the 'white-bait'. These post-larval stages have now been found in abundance in the coastal waters and up the estuaries in the neighbourhood of Aberdeen. Lot No. I was taken outside Aberdeen Breakwater, Lot No. II off North Pier, and Lot No. III, examined for comparison with the other two, from Kincardine-on-Forth.


In this paper are presented the results of Monte Carlo simulations on the capability of the proposed NEMO-km3 telescope to detect TeV muon neutrinos from Galactic microquasars. For each known microquasar we compute the number of detectable events, together with the atmospheric neutrino and muon background events. We also discuss the detector sensitivity to neutrino fluxes expected from known microquasars, optimizing the event selection also to reject the background; the number of events surviving the event selection are given. The best candidates are the steady microquasars SS433 and GX339-4 for which we estimate a sensitivity of about 5 · 10−11 erg/cm2 s; the predicted fluxes are expected to be well above this sensitivity. For bursting microquasars the most interesting candidates are Cygnus X-3, GRO J1655-40 and XTE J1118+480: their analyses are more complicated because of the stochastic nature of the bursts.


With the deepening of the agricultural water price reform since the reform and opening in China, the agricultural water price has certain increase,and the metering and collection ratio of water charge also has some increase. However,owing to the farmers' relatively low income,weak bearing capacity of water use and poor agricultural water metering infrastructure, the agricultural water price reform is facing the dilemma of low water price and difficult water fee collection. The agricultural water price reform is incomplete, it is necessary to reunderstand the agricultural water price reform and to analyze the problems of current agricultural water price reform. Accordingly,effective policies and measures should be put forward to improve the formation mechanism of agricultural water price.


Automatic generation control (AGC) regulates mechanical power generation in response to load changes through local measurements. Its main objective is to maintain system frequency and keep energy balanced within each control area in order to maintain the scheduled net interchanges between control areas. The scheduled interchanges as well as some other factors of AGC are determined at a slower time scale by considering a centralized economic dispatch (ED) problem among different generators. However, how to make AGC more economically efficient is less studied. In this paper, we study the connections between AGC and ED by reverse engineering AGC from an optimization view, and then we propose a distributed approach to slightly modify the conventional AGC to improve its economic efficiency by incorporating ED into the AGC automatically and dynamically.


Excerpt To the editor: The annotated bibliography of recent literature in clinical pharmacology (1) did not contain any references on drug-nutrient interactions. This exciting area has significantl...


Educational Achievement Among Girls and Boys in Reading, Math and Science: A Historic Angle Based on International Studies Dominique Lafontaine and Christiane Blondin Universite de Liege, France Through international studies done between the early 60s and 2000 by the IEA and the OECD on reading comprehension, math and science, we looked at the evolution of the difference in educational achievement between boys and girls. The main results of the analyses were as follows: • Globally, girls surpass boys in reading, and boys surpass girls and math and science. • The gap between boys and girls in scientific subjects lessened over time, but did not disappear. • In terms of methodology, it is difficult to determine if the evolution observed correspond to a real reduction in the gap, or are a function of how the successive studies were set up and conducted. • Girls can surpass boys in certain mathematical and scientific disciplines (physics, biology and chemistry). • Performance difference between the sexes accentuates with age. • The attitudes and interests of boys and girls in relation to reading, math and sciences are different, and the gap increases with age • Attitudes are more stereotyped in mixed learning groups 38 volume XXXIII:1, printemps 2005 www.acelf.ca Les acquis scolaires des filles et des garcons en lecture, en mathematiques et en sciences : un eclairage historique base sur des enquetes internationales


A permanent magnet brushless direct current motor based on Hall elements is structurally characterized in that more than one Hall containing groove is formed in a Hall containing ring, one Hall element is fixedly mounted in each Hall containing groove, the Hall containing ring and a stator yoke are fixedly mounted on a motor shaft and coaxially arranged, a stator coil is fixedly arranged on the stator yoke, a rotor yoke sleeves the outer side of the stator yoke, more than one rotor permanent magnet is fixedly arranged on the rotor yoke, a multi-pole magnetic ring is placed between the Hall containing ring and the rotor yoke, N/S poles on the magnetic ring are circumferentially and uniformly distributed, the number of the poles of the magnetic ring is equal to that of the rotor permanent magnets, the polarity of the magnetic ring is as same as that of a rotor corresponding to the magnetic ring, the magnetic ring and the rotor have the same magnetic field position, the magnetic ring is fixed onto a motor end cover, and the motor end cover and the rotor yoke are fixed together. The permanent magnet brushless direct current motor is simple in structure, reasonable to mount, better in overall working performance and low in cost, and a false-twist rotor is made of ferrite materials.


THE CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES (CMS) recently launched Partnership for Patients, an ambitious national effort designed to substantially reduce 9 types of preventable harm and hospital readmissions. These harms include adverse drug events, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, central line– associated bloodstream infections, fall injuries, pressure ulcers, surgical site infections, venous thromboembolisms, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and obstetrical adverse events. Thousands of hospitals have agreed to participate and chose to focus on several harms because it was beyond their capacity to simultaneously address all 9 types of harm. The dilemma is that most patients are at risk of most of the 9 harms and other harms, including loss of dignity and a sense of respect for their values. Yet patients can expect physicians to focus harm-reduction efforts on just a few of these harms. Health care is addressing these harms as if each type occurs in isolation. This reaction has occurred because it is too burdensome to attempt to reduce multiple harms at the same time. The "siloing" of preventing patient harm is inefficient. Health care needs a different approach to reducing patient harm. Harms tend to cluster within patients, making these harms interdependent rather than independent. Inpatients often experience multiple harms, and patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) experience multiple complications. Thus, the solutions for harm reduction must be integrated and interdependent. For instance, patients receiving mechanical ventilation in the ICU are at risk of 8 of the 9 harms on the CMS list, such as central line–associated bloodstream infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and venous thromboembolism. Mechanically ventilated patients are also susceptible to harms not included on the CMS list, such as delirium, diagnostic errors, and air embolism. A patient who experiences one type of harm is at increased risk of experiencing other harms because that patient is further disabled and exposed to indwelling catheters and other devices and spends more time in the ICU and the hospital. To mitigate each type of harm, patients require a checklist of interventions, with some checklists for some patients used multiple times daily. For example, patients must receive 5 separate interventions multiple times a day to reduce their risk of developing ventilator-associated pneumonia, and they should receive subcutaneous heparin multiple times a day and continuously wear sequential compression devices (SCDs) to reduce their risk of developing deep venous thrombosis. Each type of harm requires its own list of interventions. To implement every intervention multiple times a day to keep a mechanically ventilated patient safe from all harms, the patient must reliably receive scores of interventions. The actual number of interventions, however, depends on the frequency of patient monitoring for continuous interventions (eg, SCDs) and the thoroughness of checklists (eg, oral care can be 1 or multiple items). The complexity makes achieving these goals challenging, if not impossible. Technology has not provided an effective solution. In many instances, clinicians rely on memory and checklists to complete interventions, but no list has all the required interventions. Moreover, clinician competency in performing interventions is not tested, and ambiguity increases variation. There is no continuously refreshed visual display of completed, duplicated, or missed interventions and no automated prompts to perform interventions or e-uploading of completed tasks into the electronic medical record (EMR). From a patient's perspective, success does not equate to avoiding 2 CMS-listed harms but experiencing all other harms. Clinicians can reduce patient harm in the same way that engineers manage dynamic complexity: as a systems problem that requires an interdisciplinary systems solution. A holistic view is necessary when analyzing patient requirements. To protect a mechanically ventilated patient, for instance, requires compiling a list of that patient's risks of harm and the evidence-based practices to reduce those harms. Those practices should be implemented efficiently by organizing them as a system of care, automating as many practices as possible, showing when practices are needed or completed, ensuring integration across devices and with the EMR,


We have developed a simple numerical model to calculate the effects of refraction in the water column on the noise signal detected by subsurface WOTAN (Wind Observation Through Ambient Noise) instruments. Recent continental shelf deployments of WOTANS, including those in CASP (Canadian Atlantic Storms Program) have resulted in noise-to-wind speed calibration relations which vary with the location of the instruments. This model was developed to investigate whether the sound speed profile above the WOTAN could account for the observed differences in wind speed calibration. The model uses a simple ray tracing scheme including spherical spreading and absorption to compute the sound intensity received at the WOTAN from a uniform array of dipole surface sources. Using sound speed profiles measured during CASP, the model predicts differences of up to 20% in the 4.3 kHz band noise among the five WOTAN stations.


The purpose of this paper is to explore the fluctuation of crude oil pricing in west Texas and significant negative affect, if any, towards European Real Estate Investment Trusts, (REITs) to understand and offer the decision maker of this market with further cognizance and reference information. This paper will use the bi-variables GARCH model in conjunction with example of data from France and Belgium, dating from 2nd, October, 2003 to 31st July, 2003. Considered variables and analysis the relationship between stock/bond market and REITs include: The West Texas Cushing Oil spot price growth rate, long-short term government bond interest rate and stock market returns. Furthermore, matching long and short term government bond interest rate of the two countries utilizing the ARMA model will capture the expected interest rate from market practice as the psychological factor affect to REITs returns. Examples in this research have proven that: 1.Belgium REITs return is insensitive to both long and short term government bond expected interest rate and the French REITs return is significantly sensitive to long term government bond expected interest rate obtains negative results, which means different countries may not obtain similar result to various interest rate fluctuations. Additionally, the returns of stock market in both nations appear significant positive results. 2.The fluctuation of petroleum prices, REITs returns of these two countries has no significant negative affect towards crude oil price uplifts. This implies at this time in age, skyrocketing crude oil pricing, when investors invests in the European controlling interest market, the intake of REITs products may minimize the risk impact brought upon by the crude oil price undulation, to disperse the risk factor. 3. REITs returns of Belgium and France has significant volatility clustering characteristic, which results in correlating fluctuation effect of the REITs returns. This reveals the European REITs market returns rate has chained effects. 4.On the other hand, the Belgium REITs' return is affected by first quarter of French REITs return, but not the other way around. This means, in a nation with larger scaled market capitalization, the prosperity of its real estate market will affect the nations with smaller market capitalization scale. Lastly, I sincerely wish the findings in this paper may offer investors with further knowledge and analytical information when making real estate investment decisions toward the European market in hoping to avoid potential risk and minimize fluctuation of the integrated portfolio returns.


We present the first findings of the new electrically detected electron spin resonance technique (EDESR) which reveal single point defects in the ultra-narrow silicon quantum wells (Si-QW) confined by the superconductor δ-barriers. This technique allows the ESR identification without the application of the external cavity as well as the high frequency (hf) source and recorder, with measuring the only magnetoresistance caused by the hf emission from the δ-barriers in the presence of the microcavity embedded in the Si-QW plane. The new resonant positive magnetoresistance data are interpreted here in terms of the interference transition in the diffusive transport of free holes respectively between the weak antilocalization regime in the range of magnetic fields far from the ESR of a paramagnetic point defect located inside or near the conductive channel and the weak localization regime in the range of magnetic fields corresponding to the ESR of that defect. (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


A METHOD IS PRESENTED OF DETERMINING THE TORSIONAL STIFFNESS OF FISSURED REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBERS SUBJECT TO TORSIONAL MOMENT. THE SOLID CROSS-SECTION IS REPLACED BY A HOLLOW ONE, AND STRESSES IN THE STIRRUPS, CONCRETE, AND LONGITUDINAL STEEL ARE CALCULATED AS A FUNCTION OF THE TORSIONAL MOMENT. EXPRESSIONS ARE GIVEN WHICH DESCRIBE THE INTERNAL DEFORMATION ENERGY AND THE TORSIONAL STIFFNESS, TOGETHER WITH AN EQUATION FOR CALCULATING THE VALUE OF THE TORSIONAL STIFFNESS OF A BEAM WITH ANY ARBITRARY CROSS-SECTION. THE TORSIONAL STIFFNESS VARIES WITH THE DEPTH-TO-WIDTH RATIO IN BEAMS WITH THE SAME PERCENTAGE OF LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT. THE THEORETICAL VALUE OF THE TORSIONAL STIFFNESS OF A BEAM WITH A RECTANGULAR CROSS-SECTION WAS COMPARED WITH EXPERIMENTAL TEST RESULTS, AND RESULTS WERE FOUND TO BE IN AGREEMENT. EXAMPLES ARE GIVEN OF BEAMS WITH RECTANGULAR AND L-SHAPED CROSS- SECTIONS. /TRRL/


Remote sensing image retrieval (RSIR) is the process of ranking database images depending on the degree of similarity compared to the query image. As the complexity of RSIR increases due to the diversity in shooting range, angle, and location of remote sensors, there is an increasing demand for methods to address these issues and improve retrieval performance. In this work, we introduce a novel method for retrieving aerial images by merging group convolution with attention mechanism and metric learning, resulting in robustness to rotational variations. For refinement and emphasis on important features, we applied channel attention in each group convolution stage. By utilizing the characteristics of group convolution and channel-wise attention, it is possible to acknowledge the equality among rotated but identically located images. The training procedure has two main steps: (i) training the network with Aerial Image Dataset (AID) for classification, (ii) fine-tuning the network with triplet-loss for retrieval with Google Earth South Korea and NWPU-RESISC45 datasets. Results show that the proposed method performance exceeds other state-of-the-art retrieval methods in both rotated and original environments. Furthermore, we utilize class activation maps (CAM) to visualize the distinct difference of main features between our method and baseline, resulting in better adaptability in rotated environments.


Many recent studies have underscored the complexity of public health systems. At the same time, information systems are discussed from a strictly technological point of view to break away from a social context in which they are inseparable. Furthermore, the literature lacks research on the implementation of these systems in environments that target social innovation. To explore these relationships, this study seeks to answer the following question: What are the relationships/influences between the Social Information System, public health and social innovation? Thus, the purpose of this research is to develop an analysis model of the relationship between the studied constructs and apply it to the reality of the Neonatal Screening Program of the State of Minas Gerais (PTN-MG). To do so, the study was applied within the SUS, in the state of Minas Gerais, using the program's 15-year database. For testing the relationships between model constructs, statistical techniques of multivariate data analysis were employed. Key findings confirm that healthcare networks are configured as complex systems that require information systems with features that respect this concept. In addition, it is noted that the information system is a fundamental pillar in social innovation in health, as it has shown a significant relationship with the reduction of health problems and with the PTN-MG quality indicators. From this new tested model, others will emerge pointing to the scientific and social contribution of this research, organized in documents.


This study was conducted to determine the extent of management of computer security threats of the Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, La Union. Specifically, it aimed to determine the extent of prevention, detection, response, and level of administrative support to computer security threats in terms of (a) internet security; (b) data security; (c) network security; (d) mobile computing security; and (e) disaster recovery security. Descriptive method of research design was utilized with the questionnaire as the main tool in gathering data. Frequency counts, percentages and weighted means were used in the data analysis. Supplementary activities include document analysis and ocular inspection. The respondents include administrators, IT personnel, faculty members, non-teaching staffs, and students of the different operating units of the university. As to the extent of prevention of the threats to computer security, significant differences were found among the groups of raters. The administrators and IT personnel respondents did not vary significantly. IT personnel and computer users had likewise insignificant difference in their responses. However, the administrator group had rating significantly higher than the computer users. Findings on the extent of detection as to overall result showed no significant difference among the types of computer security.


Yayoi Kavahara presents a research on "saint families" — a Naqshbandi elite of Ferghana and East Turkistan, which have a considerable influence on political and communal life of these regions during the 18 th  — 19 th centuries. Basing on local manuscripts, documents and field research data the author reconstructs a history of one of Marghelan "saint families", i.e. descendants of Afaq-khwadja.


Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a serious disease occurring posttransplant. Most cases are seen after hematopoietic bone marrow/stem cell transplantation where the donor cells recognize host antigens and start reacting against them. The initial organs to be involved are skin, gut, and liver. Patients can present with maculopapular rashes, diarrhea, or jaundice. Early diagnosis and timely institution of therapy may salvage these patients. GVHD is rarely also identified in solid organ transplantation seen frequently with small bowel transplantation. Cases of GVHD after liver transplantation are very rare. We herein describe a case of GVHD following a deceased donor liver transplant with a review of pathophysiology of GVHD in liver transplant.


Increased free radical activity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. This article investigates the glutathione status in preeclampsia and whether superoxide generation is enhanced in preeclampsia. Venous blood samples were obtained from 30 preeclamptic women and 30 normotensive pregnant women (controls). Superoxide generation and glutathione content were measured. There was a significant increase in superoxide generation and a marked reduction in glutathione content in preeclamptic women as compared to controls (p < 0.001). These results indicate that enhanced superoxide generation and impaired glutathione metabolism may be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.


Aromatic organoboron compounds serve as important intermediates in synthetic organic chemistry. While the traditional electrophilic borylations using aromatic lithium or magnesium reagents had several limitations, transition metal catalyzed borylations emerged as a promising method. In recent years, borylation reactions catalyzed by Ni have gained great attention due to its enormous importance as a cheaper and less toxic alternative to Pd catalysts. The present review focuses on the recent developments in the arena of Ni catalyzed (hetero)aryl borylations after 2013.


Epigenetic silenced miR-125a-5p could be self-activated through targeting Suv39H1 in gastric cancer. Mingzhi Cai, Qiuxian Chen, Juntao Shen, Chenbing Lv and Lisheng Cai. J Cell Mol Med. 2018; 22: 4721-4731. The above article from Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, published online on 17 August 2018 on Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) and in Volume 22, pp. 4721-4731, has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor-in-Chief and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed because parts of the data and figures that the authors presented in the paper are flawed. The conclusions drawn from the data and figures presented could not be considered as reliable.


Abstract Density fluctuations of a clot of aerosol particles in the atmosphere are studied. A one-dimensional case is considered characteristic of the motion of particles in a narrow vertical fire column or in an aircraft trail. The effect of localization of clots is shown to be observed under certain conditions, which consists in the formation of compact areas of high density of aerosol particles surrounded by areas of low density. Knowledge of such properties of impurity density can be useful in solving inverse problems of aerosol optics.


The objective of this paper was to determine the blood profile of young residents in the municipality of Alfenas-MG regarding the ABO and Rh system, in adittion to promote educational activities about blood donation, aiming at increasing their interest in becoming new blood donors. Thus, 948 young male volunteers had their blood collected by venipuncture and had their blood type determinated by tube method test, providing the following results: in relation to the ABO system, 409 individuals in blood group O (43,14%,), 396 in group A (41,77%), 106 in group B (11,08%) and 37 in group AB (3,90%). As for Rh factor, the frequency of positive Rh was 88.5% of the volunteers, white the negative ones were 11.5%. The analyses showed that te prevalence of the phenotypic classes of the ABO and Rh systems were similar to those found in previous papers by other authors. Studies like this one are of great importance to acquire knowledge about the population's blood profile, allowing the health planning strategies to be carried out by health agents and agencies, in addition to providing support and knowledge to foster a new generation of blood donors.


A new cyanide-free silver brush-plating solution was developed.It is environmental friendly and could be used for depositing silver onto titanium,stainless steel,aluminum,carbon steel,and copper substrates.The experimental results indicated that the performances of the silver coatings meet standard of GB5270-85.The solution has been successfully applied to the fields of the functional surface treatment(such as lowing electrical contact resistance)and shows the potential of replacing the generally used cyanide silver electrolyte,especially in the case of environmental protection and safe production.


Over the last two decades, the planet has taken center stage. The first satellite photographs from space in the late 1960s have given us the image of the &dquo;blue planet,&dquo; that has since become the logo for environmental concern. This picture, first used by environmentalists, is invoked by just about everybody who is in the business of &dquo;saving the earth.&dquo; Today, as Wolfgang Sachs shows in his anthology Global Ecology, &dquo;that suggestive globe, suspended in the dark universe, delicately furnished with clouds, oceans, and continents, has become the object of science, planning, and politics.&dquo; The picture of &dquo;earth in space&dquo; epitomizes not only the growing environmental awareness, but also the rise of globalized institutions and globalized approaches. The globalist view-and the institutions and discourse on which it depends-has now established itself as the dominant frame for public and political debate on issues of &dquo;sustainable development.&dquo; The Rio Summit on Environment and Development is perhaps the most obvious manifestation of the trend towards globalized thinking and globalized environmental action.


Poly(dichlorophosphazene) having low molecular weight (Mbw∼104) was synthesized by the thermal reaction of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene in the presence of excess AlCl3 (>2%) as catalyst. Using the poly(dichlorophosphazene), poly[bis(ethylglycino)phosphazene], poly[bis(glycinemethylamido)phosphazene], and poly[(glycinemethylamido)(methylamino)phosphazene] were prepared. Diammineplatinum(Ⅱ) complex cation was introduced into these derivatized phosphazene polymers, and the resultant polymers containing the platinum(Ⅱ) moiety were charaterized by means of elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopies, and then subjected to in vitro and in vivo assays of antitumor activity.


Abstract Type Ib/c supernovae (SNe Ib/c) are characterized by the lack of prominent hydrogen lines in thespectra, implying that their progenitors have lost most of their hydrogen envelopes by the time of the iron corecollapse. Binary interactions provide an important evolutionary chanel for SNe Ib/c, and recent observations indicatethat the inferred ejecta masses of SNe Ibc are more consistent with the prediction of the binary scenario than that ofthe single star scenario that invokes mass loss as the key evolutionary factor for SNe Ib/c progenitors. So far,theoretical predictions on the detailed properties of SNe Ib/c progenitors in binary systems have been made mostlywith models using solar metallicity. However, unlike the single star scenario, where SNe Ib/c are expected only forsufficiently high metallicity, hydrogen-deficent SN progenitors can be produced via binary interactions at anymetallicity. In this talk, I will discuss theoretical predictions on the metallicity dependence of the SNe Ib/c progenitorstructure, based on evolutionary models of massive binary stars. Sepefically, I will address how the ejecta masses ofSNe Ib and Ic and the ratio of SN Ib/c to SN IIb as well as SN Ib to SN Ic would systematically change as a function ofmetallicity, and which new types of SNe are expected in binary systems at low metallicity.


(mmi duodenalis superiores of Breen). In all such cases the common duct must be proved to be free from calculi; if the duct is dilated and large enough to admit a finger, a digital exploration should be made; otherwise a search should be conductedwith a gall-stonescoopor a Desjardins forceps. A blunt-pointedflexible probe should also be passeddown through the papilla into the duodenum. At the sametime the probe should also be passedup into the hepatic ducts, for a calculus may have become displaced upwards into one of them. In an effort to dilate the papilla of Vater many surgeons passgraduatedListon's sounds,commencingwith a number 12 and working up to a number 16 or even higher; but the results obtained by such a manreuvre have been shown, by both cholangiogramsand post-operativeinvestigations into ductal pressuressubsequentto perfusion, to be most transitory. An experimental investigation into the effects of instrumental dilatation of the papilla conducted at the Peter Brent Brigham Hospital showed that no permanentenlargementof the opening resulted and scarring of the papilla took place, whilst earlier still exudationand redema produced obstruction. The problem of whether or not the common bile duct should be drained after it has been explored has been the subject of much debate. Some surgeonsprefer to close the common duct by interrupted stitches and to insert a drain down to the point of closure. Others' insert either a number 12 catheteror a Kehr's T-tube into its lumen and close the remainder of the opening by interrupted stitches. Notwithstanding these views, direct drainage of the common duct must be employed whenever the contentsof the duct are obviously and grossly infected, if the duct contains a quantity of biliary sand or multiple minute calculi, some of which may evade extraction, or on those rare occasionsin which it is desired to carry out delayed cholangiography. The T-tube may be removed when the concentrationof bile acids in' the bile has been restored to normal, when the Injectionsof 10 to 30cubic centimetres of warm radio-opaque50% iodized oil (British Pharmacopceia) in sterile olive oil or a 48% solution of hippuran (after aspirationof any residual bile) reveals no obstruction in the vicinity of the ampulla, and when clamping of the tube for forty-eight hours gives rise to no discomfort. If the patient experiencesattacks of pain when the T-tube is clamped, say on the eighth to tenth day, a persistent obstruction in or around the duct must be suspected. With more frequent visualization of the common bile duct subsequentto operation the presenceof overlooked stones may often be demonstrated. If the post-operative cholangiogramshows that a common duct stone has been overlooked, Best and Hicken's four-day regimen may be instituted, or an attempt may be made to break up the calculus (Professor B. O. C. Pribram) by instilling one to five cubic centimetres of ether (or ether diluted by alcohol, for example a two to one mixture) into the common duct twice or three times a day. In the latter instancea saturatedsolution of magnesiumsulphateor a crushed tablet of nitroglycerin should be administered orally in order to relax the spasmof the sphincterof Oddi so that the fragmentsmay be expelled into the duodenum. In rare instances,when at the primary operation it is found impossible to dislodge a calculus from the lower part of the common bile duct, the duodenum should be . mobilized and its lumen exposedthrough a transduodenal approach; the mucous membraneand tissuescovering the stone are then incised either at or above the papilla of Vater and the stone is extracted. It is of great assistanceto pass a uterine sound downwards through the supraduodenal choledochostomyincision so as to indicate the position of the duct and at the same time tilt the papilla forwards into the wound. If the stone be impacted in the lower part of the common bile duct, the duodenum is incised directly over


Abstract : The Committee on Military Nutrition Research (CMNR) (See committee roster in Appendix I) was asked by the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM) to review and comment on the nutritional adequacy of the Long Life Ration Packet (LLRP) under development by the U.S. Army Natick Research Development and Engineering Center (USANRDEC). At the June 28, 1990 CMNR meeting at Natick, Massachusetts information concerning the development of LLRP was presented to the committee. Copies of the briefing material received by the Committee are included in Appendix II. In summary, the U.S. Army Quartermaster Center and School(PROV)(QMCS the Food Packet, Assault (FPA) and the Ration, Cold Weather (RCW). A description of these rations is provided in Appendix IIe.


Na-doped YCa2Cu4O7-δ oxides are prepared by solid state diffusion of heating the reacting oxides (standard ceramic technique). The X-ray diffraction measurements show that the Na-doped YCa2Cu4O7-δ is single phase orthorhombic structure by annealing below 900°C under oxygen atmosphere. It is observed that, increase in Na content, the orthorhombic distortion decreases


A wide European project, comprising a partnership of 32 institutions from 30 countries around European geographical area challenged the research of educational and action realities on humanitarian aid and civil protection. The European Universities on Professionalization on Humanitarian Action – EUPRHA is a Lifelong Learning Programme (Project number 518362-LLP-1-2011-1-ES-ERASMUSENW) coordinated by University of Deusto, Spain. The concept of Humanitarian Aid has been widely debated, trying to comprise the multivariate views coming from different cultural, social and economic spaces and realities. The European Consensus on Humanitarian Aid (2008/C 25/01) helped in reaching a common understanding and vision. For instance, the common objective stated for the European Union vision on HA, described in articles 8 and 9 of the above mentioned document stated that: "The objective of EU humanitarian aid is to provide a needs-based emergency response aimed at preserving life, preventing and alleviating human suffering and maintaining human dignity wherever the need arises if governments and local actors are overwhelmed, unable or unwilling to act. EU humanitarian aid encompasses assistance, relief and protection operations to save and preserve life in humanitarian crises or their immediate aftermath, but also actions aimed at facilitating or obtaining access to people in need and the free flow of assistance. EU humanitarian assistance is provided in response to man-made crises (including complex emergencies) and to natural disasters as needed." (art. 8) and "Local response to crisis and disaster risk reduction, including disaster preparedness and recovery, are essential to saving lives and enabling communities to increase their resilience to emergencies. Capacity building activities to prevent and mitigate the impact of disasters and to enhance humanitarian response are also part of EU humanitarian aid. (art. 9). The challenge of mapping the European Humanitarian Action starts on kick of meeting (Bilbao, January 2012) where each partner could choose a focused work package. More than 10 partners have been choose the Map of HA in Europe, other engaged to develop A European Qualification Framework, or to intensively look for trends and potentialities of HA in Europe and around the world.


Internationalization,has become an important trend that we should pay attention to.In onder to grasp necessity and urgency of constructing a harmonious society,grasp its principles and objectives,we should not only stem from the reality of domestic social changes and development,but also from international conditions and trends on a broader world view.There is a close relationship between the construction of a harmonious society and the internationalization process of social lives and social development.Thereforce,improving the quality and ability of constructing a harmonious society should include improving internationalization quality and ability of leading cadre.


— Purpose of this work is to develop an automatic classification system that could be useful for radiologists in the breast cancer investigation. The software has been designed in the framework of the MAGIC-5 collaboration. In an automatic classification system the suspicious regions with high probability to include a lesion are extracted from the image as regions of interest (ROIs). Each ROI is characterized by some features based generally on morphological lesion differences. A study in the space features representation is made and some classifiers are tested to distinguish the pathological regions from the healthy ones. The results provided in terms of sensitivity and specificity will be presented through the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curves. In particular the best performances are obtained with the Neural Networks in comparison with the K-Nearest Neighbours and the Support Vector Machine: The Radial Basis Function supply the best results with 0.89 ± 0.01 of area under ROC curve but similar results are obtained with the Probabilistic Neural Network and a Multi Layer Perceptron.


The invention relates to a video monitoring technology of a power grid, in particular to a state recognition system for a transformer substation disconnecting switch device based on visual analysis. According to the state recognition system, the problem that an existing video monitoring system of the power grid lacks a reasonable network topology structure and a unified high-efficiency transmission medium is solved. The state recognition system for the transformer substation disconnecting switch device based on the visual analysis comprises a plurality of video acquisition layers, a scheduling monitoring layer and a data transmission layer, wherein each video acquisition layer comprises a plurality of cameras and a network video server; the scheduling monitoring layer comprises a management server, a storage server, a magnetic disk array, an intelligent analysis server, a client, a user control server, a digital matrix and a plurality of displays; the data transmission layer comprises a path of enterprise service bus and multiple paths of optical fibers. The state recognition system disclosed by the invention is suitable for the power grid.


A well-preserved Bowmanites cone is described from the McLeansboro group (upper Pennsylvanian) of Berryville, Illinois. The fossil is a small homosporous cone, about 3 mm. in diameter, and consists of seventeen whorls of appendages. Each whorl consists of six bracts, above which are borne six pairs of sporangia, each attached at its distal end to a recurved forking sporangiophore. The vascular system of the axis is a small triarch structure. The epidermal cell walls of the bracts are strongly sinuous and those of the sporangia slightly so. The spores are monolete and smooth walled.


We examine claims of strong gravity-darkening effects in the O-star components of WR+O binaries. We generate synthetic spectra for a wide range of parameters, and show that the line-width results are consistent with extensive measurements of O stars that are either single or are members of `normal' binaries. By contrast, the WR+O results are at the extremes of, or outside, the distributions of both models and other observations. Remeasurement of the WR+O spectra shows that they can be reconciled with other results by judicious choice of pseudo-continuum normalization. With this interpretation, the supersynchronous rotation previously noted for the O-star components in the WR+O binaries with the longest orbital periods appears to be unexceptional. Our investigation is therefore consistent with the aphorism that if the title of a paper ends with a question mark, the answer is probably `no'.


Nano-structure of polyaniline was prepared by using chemical oxidation with dispersion of different dopant of HCl acid,P-toluenesulfonic acid(PTSA) and their mixture.The super-capacitive performance of the products was studied.The experiment results indicated that the polynailine doped with both of HCl and PTSA was of smaller nano-particle,which was dispersed among bigger cosh-like particles(100 nm),and formed looser agglomerate structure.This product exhibited a better supercapacitive performance,its maximum capacitance being 369 F/g when the ratio of HCl to PTSA was 5∶ 5.


ABSTRACT This article examines the language ideologies associated with the sense of self-efficacy of bilingual preservice teachers about their Spanish-language skills. Current teacher shortages in the field of bilingual education and increased professional demands placed over pre- and in-service bilingual teachers compel teacher education programs to adapt their designs to the needs of future teachers. These needs are determined, to a great extent, by the perceptions that bilinguals have over their own ability to use Spanish as a medium of instruction and to teach Spanish as a subject. Using grounded theory, the study sought to analyze how language ideologies impact the self-efficacy of bilingual preservice teachers. Results show that ideologies connected to the hegemonic position of English in society had a strong effect on the sense of self-efficacy of the preservice teachers about the Spanish language. Consequently, teacher education programs preparing bilingual educators need to oppose and counteract ideologies affirming the hegemony of the English language, proposing instead perspectives favorable to linguistic pluralism.


The ecological characteristics of Zostera marina L.in Sanggou Bay was studied from August 2010 to September 2011.The results showed that the annual mean shoot height of eelgrass ranged from(16.97±5.99) cm to(87.60±20.68) cm,the mean density was(613±201) ind/m2,and the individual biomass was 0.97~5.31 g/ind.The average biomass of eelgrass meadow changed from 594.61 to 3255.03 g/m2.The average height and wet weight of the eelgrass changed with water temperature.The water temperature range of the eelgrass habitat was 5.3~25.6℃ with an average temperature of 16.3 ℃.The salinity ranged from 28.9 to 31.3 ppt with an average salinity of 30.6 ppt.The main sediment was gravel sand.The annual average contents of carbon in rhizome,leaf sheath and leaf of eelgrass were 32.68%±1.27%,33.78%±3.06% and 37.01%±1.86%,respectively.Similarly,the annual average contents of nitrogen were 1.62%±0.63%,2.79%±0.81%,and 3.10%±0.81 %,respectively,and the annual average contents of phosphorus were 0.28%±0.04%,0.51%±0.10%,0.48%±0.07% respectively in rhizome,leaf sheath and leaf of eelgrass.


Critical analysis of cytologic reports from aspiration biopsy of salivary glands in 652 cases showed that positive diagnosis had been made in 92 per cent of the cases with tumour. In 8 per cent of cases the cytologic method can be expected to give false negative reports concerning tumour. The possibility of false positive tumour diagnosis can be disregarded, however, if the cytologist is fully familiar with the morphology of salivary gland cells in various pathologic conditions. Recognition of the malignancy of salivary gland tumours by cytologic technique is discussed and also the possible risk of local or distant spread of tumour following aspiration biopsy.


We experimentally demonstrated 100-Gb/s PAM-4 signal transmission over 25-km SSMF using a 10-G class DML. A polarization-diversity silicon micro-ring resonator is employed to enhance the dispersion tolerance and extinction ratio in the DML based IM/DD system.


A UWB bow-tie antenna, designed to work in the VHF -UHF band, is realized by a novel implementation of tapered inductive loading. The antenna with the proposed loading profile has been manufactured as a printed antenna on an FR4 material. It exhibits a fractional bandwidth of over 90% with dimensions of only 20×20 cm for a center frequency of 450 MHz. Despite its relatively small size, the proposed antenna works with very high efficiency, as the proposed loading scheme introduces no ohmic loss. In principle, it can be applied to other frequency bands as well, by scaling the antenna dimensions up or down according to the desired center frequency. Additionally, resistive loading such as microwave absorbers can be added when a larger bandwidth is needed.


Objective To investigate the clinical effect of cannulated screw fixation for treating Denis type-Ⅰand type-Ⅱ sacral fracture.Methods From September 2006 to May 2009,15 adult patients with sacrum fracture(9 cases of Denis type-Ⅰand 6 cases of Denis type-Ⅱ) were enrolled,of which 8 were male and 7 were female,aged 18-56 years old(mean age 29.5 years).Eleven cases were treated by closed reduction and 4 cases were treated by open reduction,and all of them were fixed with cannulated screws after open or closed reduction.The whole procedures were performed by "C"-arm for safety and accuracy.The patients were followed up regularly for 10-24 months after operation.Results According to the improved effective standard of pelvic trauma,the result of radiography was excellent in 12 cases and good in 3.The clinical evaluation was excellent in 13 and good in 2.Conclusion It is demonstrated that treatment of Denis type-Ⅰand type-Ⅱ sacral fracture with cannulated screw fixation could achieve satisfactory clinical effectiveness.


Studies on the relationship between the informal economy and economic growth have been inconclusive as to whether the positive or negative relationship dominates. These results are partly due to the type of estimation technique such as fixed-parameter techniques. Fixed parameter techniques have been used to observe the relationship between economic growth and the informal economy. A caveat to the fixed-parameter estimation techniques used to observe the relationship between the informal economy and economic growth is the inability to account for annual disruptions. This paper seeks to examine the relationship between the informal economy and economic growth in Nigeria in the period from 1991 to 2015 using the Time-Varying Parameter (TVP) model. The TVP model is estimated in two stages. First, an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) multiple regression is estimated and the outcome is subjected to the flexible least-squares approach. The results show the dominance of the negative effects of the informal economy on economic growth. The outcomes also reveal that overtime movements of time-varying parameters in the informal economy and economic growth are connected with economic and political events. This paper recommends the absorption of the informal economy into the official economy through government policy.


An ultrasonic waterjet apparatus (10) includes a movable power generation module (20), the movable power generation module (20), triggers and handheld guns equipped with an ultrasonic nozzle (60) ( provided to 50), high-pressure water hose (40) to deliver a high-pressure water. Ultrasonic generator in a movable power generation module (20), a high-frequency electrical pulses transmitted to the transducer (62) of the piezoelectric element or magnetostrictive element, due to vibration in the high-pressure water jet through the nozzle (60) Add modulation. Water jet emitted from the ultrasonic nozzle (60) is pulsed in a small bullet-shaped water bullet respective water applies pressure of water hammer in the surface of interest. Ultrasonic waterjet apparatus (10) may be used or cutting the material, or deburring, or washed, or removed from the surface of the coating, to destroy the rock. Upon ultrasonic waterjet apparatus (10) performs these tasks, in order to repeat the water hammer effect, as compared to the water jet device of the conventional continuous flow, far its efficiency. Instead of the nozzle having a single outlet, and a nozzle having a plurality of outlet orifices, by using the rotary nozzle (76), it can be cleaned or coating removal efficiently even for large surfaces. Some mobile power generating module (20), by placing the solenoid for controlling the water dump valve (27), these it is not provided in the gun (50), ergonomic those cancer lightweight it can be. .FIELD 1


A piston pump (28) to an eccentric drive (14, 16) are pressure-force-transmitting manner on the mutually diametrically opposite two pistons (18) each having one of its end sides, is according to the invention characterized in that the eccentric drive (14, 16) at least partially complete leaf spring member (30) is provided such that it transmits to each of the piston (18) pressing force and in each case in the direction of movement of the piston (18) is deflectable.


Abstract The Advanced Predictor of Disruptions (APODIS) has been working in the JET real-time network since the beginning of the ITER-like wall (ILW) campaigns. APODIS is a data-driven system based on a multilayer structure of Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifiers. APODIS was trained with JET data corresponding to carbon wall discharges between April 2006 and October 2009, without any retraining in spite of its use with metallic wall discharges. This paper has two main parts. First, APODIS disruption prediction capabilities are evaluated during the ILW run period from July 2013 to October 2014. The results obtained from these experimental campaigns (more than 1059 nondisruptive discharges and 390 nonintentional disruptions) showed 2.46% false alarms and 85.38% success rate. Taking into account that ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) will work with a similar wall to the current ILW at JET, the purpose of the second part of this study is to compare predictors trained with data from JET ILW campaigns. The high computational cost that APODIS training requires and the great performance of SVM have motivated the development of a one-layer SVM predictor. Therefore, an APODIS version and a simpler one-layer predictor have been compared. They have been trained with data between September 2011 and July 2012 (1036 nondisruptive discharges and 201 nonintentional disruptions) and tested with experimental data in the period July 2013 to October 2014 (1051 nondisruptive discharges and 390 nonintentional disruptions). The one-layer predictor shows slightly better results than the APODIS structure.


Traffic congestion has been a major problem in Bangkok city, like many other metropolitan so the government has invested in train infrastructure to solve this problem. The electrified train system is one of the most commonly used modes of transportation because it can reduce pollution and save travel time. For this reason, people are likely to use it for business or work. The schedule time is up to 18 hours day-to-day which is a heavy operation, so it strongly requires efficient maintenance planning, and big data analysis to ensure maximum availability. RAM (Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability) is a well-known and very helpful tool for electrified train maintenance concerning the probability of equipment failure. If the critical equipment life is closed to wear out, suitable maintenance activities are preferred, such as condition-based maintenance (CBM) or predictive maintenance. On the other hand, if the critical equipment life is still in normal operating condition, only a regular preventive maintenance plan is good enough. This research presents a systematic approach and model for estimating RAM based on maintenance big data from Airport Rail Link (ARL). The steps of research can be separated into 2 phases as follows; the first phase mainly focused on gathering all maintenance databases and ranking the frequency of equipment failure and damages, and the second phase aimed to analyze 1) the reliability of critical equipment based on frequently failed parts such as brake, passenger doors, or air conditions by using Weibull model, 2) the availability for critical equipment based on mean time to repair (MTTR) and mean time to failure (MTTF) and 3) the maintainability for estimating the chance of maintenance capability during the specific period of time. Finally, the benefits of RAM analysis can then be summarized as follows.


In the analysis of crystal binding based on the interionic force model, the contributing arising from coulomb interactions, the dipoledipole (d-d) and dipole-quadrupole (d-q) interactions and the short-range repulsive interactions of the Hellmann and Varshni-Shukla interaction potential model.The different crystalline properties such as Grűneisen parameter Anderson Grűneisen parameter using two different formula for each parameter and Second Grűneisen parameter are reported here for alkali chalcogenide crystals(Selenides and Tellurides) of NaCl-structure. The high pressure behaviour of these crystals has also been studied. The graphical natures of calculated values I.R. absorption frequencyreduced mass and calculated values Debye temperature-reduced mass are also shown. The results obtained here may add a little to the physics and chemistry of these crystals.


One aspect of a psychologic evaluation program for special mission personnel was structured within a concept of competing tasks, requiring two operator signal-display sources. One source produced an array of discrete, discontinuous signals. The other produced a continuous input for the operator to monitor and process. The evaluation was made with reference to the performance of an "ideal" subject. The results indicate that a criterion group of those finally selected for the special mission was better able to adapt to the two competing tasks and was less susceptible to the signal/noise ambiguity and the induced task stress than the special mission personnel group as a whole.


This study aims to examine the effect of entrepreneurial motivation and the environment on students' interest in entrepreneurship. The population in this study were students of AMA YPK Yogyakarta. The sampling technique used was Convenience sampling. Which means that the researcher sees the reality and the respondent gets it. The results of this study indicate that the variables of entrepreneurial motivation and the environment have a significant effect on interest in entrepreneurship. The limitation of this study is the limited number of respondents so that the results of the study do not provide an overview of respondents who are truly interested in entrepreneurship. Keywords: Entrepreneurial motivation, environment, entrepreneurial intentions


Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound with strong antioxidant capacity that has been shown to inhibit the expression of NF‐¿B promoter‐related genes. Here we evaluated the anti‐inflammatory properties of RA and its protective effects in three experimental models of inflammation. In order to study the effects of RA in local inflammation, a carrageenan‐induced paw edema model in rats was performed. RA was administered at 10, 25 or 50 mg/kg (p.o.), 30 minutes before carrageenan injection. Inflammation was assessed by measurement of paw volume increase after 6h. 46 male Wistar rats (100‐150g) were randomly allocated into six groups as described: Control n=8, Carrageenan n=10, RA10 n=8, RA25 n=8, RA50 n=8, Indomethacin n=4). Results demonstrate that administration of RA at the dose of 25 mg/kg can reduce paw edema by over 20%, and it exhibits a dose‐response effect. Anti‐oxidant activity and inhibition of cytokine release was accessed by the use of cellular injury models, which confirmed the protective effect observed on the in vivo model of local inflammation. Therefore, we demonstrate here that rosmarinic acid causes a substantial reduction of inflammation on both in vitro and in vivo models. We propose that rosmarinic acid and similar phenolic compounds may be useful in the therapy of inflammation‐related injury.


Abstract A concise and efficient consecutive three‐component alkynylation‐addition synthesis of cyclohexene‐embedded dicyanomethylene merocyanines furnishes a small library of dyes in moderate to excellent yield. The dyes possess strong absorption coefficients of the longest wavelength absorption bands. According to the crystal structure, the small bond length alternations account for a highly delocalized electronic ground state. The electronic structure of the absorption bands is qualitatively rationalized by TDDFT calculations, which explain that intense HOMO‐LUMO transitions along the merocyanine axis lead to cyanine similar Stokes shifts.


Embodiment of the present invention provides a method for suppressing interference, the macro base station, micro base station and the system. A method comprising: obtaining resident micro base station of the serving cell and in the channel parameters of the UE in CELL-DCH state or a CELL_FACH state; based on the channel parameter, the uplink channel of each UE is listening to obtain an uplink interference amount to the macro base station UE ; according to the uplink interference amount, determined from the UE to the target UE transmit power to be reduced; target UE will inform the micro base station, micro base station to decrease the transmission power of the target UE. Aspect of the present invention can reduce interference to the micro-cell base station is located in a serving cell of the UE and reduce the waste of the macro base station uplink resource.


Summary For the implementation of tracing back systems (particular agents, unwanted observation and other), detection techniques should be available. For MAIC, a step-by-step approach was established, combining visual observation, lab based PCRidentification, tracing back to the farm of origin and finally the search for potential ports of entry:


The business organization of municipal governments allows these entities to be more efficient when performs its role, management and implementation of goods, resources and services for a given community. However, in recent months we have seen various authorities of the district and regional municipalities make use of the business structure of public agencies they belong to commit crimes against the proper functioning of public administration.


We propose our approach to the next generation of computing: a new framework to create vision intelligence applications. A future vision suggested in the first Rebooting Computing Summit (RCS 1) consisted of ubiquitous computing that is fully integrated into the lives of people at all levels of society. RCS 1 further identified three pillars of future computing that are necessary to achieve this vision: (1) Application/HCI, (2) Energy efficiency, and (3) Security. In this paper, we propose a system incorporating software and hardware which aims at two goals: (1) to offer intelligent application development with state-of-the-art computer vision algorithms and (2) to lower power consumption. We explain an implementation of a prototype for this system: a small and inexpensive camera box which provides vision intelligence with low power consumption.


Abstnrt We ~ the coDi%ptS ofsip symmetry IDd weak sign symmetry by defining k-sip symmetric matrices.. For a positive integer Ie, we show that all dia&onal sbifts of an irreducible matrix are k-sign symmetric if and onJy if the matrix is diqonally similar to a Hermitian matrix. A similar result balds for scalar shifts, but RQWrcs an additional condition in the cue k.. 1. Extensions are Jiven to rccluaDic matrices..


The rapid response to market demands is one of the necessary abilities of manufacturing enterprises in new century.The application and prospect of manufacturing technologies of rapid response to powder metallurgy have been explainded,and the importance of these technologies to the rapid development,production and response to market has been emphasized.


Introduction In patients with diabetes, tight control of blood glucose is proven to reduce the risk of developing complications. This is, however, difficult to achieve in practice due to the associated increased risk of hypoglycaemia. Some studies using fMRI have implicated the hypothalamus as the centre responsible for regulation of plasma glucose concentration, energy intake and feeding behaviour. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess whether it is possible to measure activation within the hypothalamus following glucose ingestion and to determine the time course of this activation. Methods Initial studies aimed at the analysis of the hypothalamus were undertaken employing a standard fMRI protocol. Previously published findings (obtaining only a single slice) had indicated that the hypothalamus would be readily identifiable with such a protocol (1,2) and thus, to extend coverage of the brain, this was repeated with a multi-slice paradigm. Subsequently, images were obtained using a 1.5 T MRI Philips scanner, T2 -weighted gradient-echo EPI sequence (voxel size = 3x3x3 mm, TR = 10 s, 40 axial slices). A group of 7 healthy individuals aged 25-40 years were recruited and attended on 2 separate occasions. Following an overnight fast, continuous scanning of the individuals was begun. The first 5 mins acted as a baseline at which point, subjects drank either 150ml of water or 75 g of glucose within a 150 ml solution. Scanning continued for a further 25 mins from the beginning of drinking, to give a total scanning time of 30 mins. Subsequently, a separate 3D high-resolution image was obtained at the same orientation to allow anatomical identification. Post acquisition, data analysis was carried out involving; a) Motion correcting the fMRI data and b) Either registering the data to a standard template after which the hypothalamus was located via a standard coordinate system or locating the hypothalamus directly from the fMRI data without the registration stage, using markers (optic chiasm, anterior commissure (AC), mammillary body (MB)). Due to problems that were identified with registration, analysis was only undertaken with areas determined via anatomical markers using a midline sagittal slice. A line was drawn between the MB and AC and a second line drawn perpendicular to the midline of the first. The regions of interest then studied were the upper anterior hypothalamus, an area that would include the paraventricular nucleus (region A) and the lower posterior hypothalamus, an area that would include the ventromedial hypothalamus (region B). Each region was then further subdivided into sub-regions of 2x2 voxels (overlapping each adjacent region by 1 voxel) and the signal time course for each assessed. The ROI with the greatest deviation from baseline for A and B for each subject was then selected for further analysis to assess any general image intensity changes between the water and glucose cases


It contains several elements 10 which are mounted between two upper support members 7 and 8 below, which are capable of deforming from an initial closed position by the gases produced during the firing of the missile 2, characterized in that each element 10 of the cap is elastic and deforms around at least one rounded portion 19 provided on said lower member 8. is particularly applicable to containers on board missiles warships .


The possibility of mutual effects of 2,4-D and horseradish (Armoracia lapathifolia L.) peroxidase on each other has been explored by four procedures. (i) Compounds I, II, and III of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and H2O2 were exposed to 2,4-D. (ii) Extracts from batchwise operations of HRP + H2O2 and 2,4-D were analyzed for oxidation products by means of thin layer chromatography. (iii) The velocity of the IAA oxidase reaction with HRP as catalyst, and (iv) Km and Vs of the overall peroxidation of guaiacol by HRP + H2O2, were determined in the absence and presence of 2,4-D.

The results failed to show any effect of 2,4-D; only at very high concentrations did 2,4-D slightly inhibit the oxidation of IAA by one isoperoxidase. It is concluded that 2,4-D does not promote growth in plants by hampering a peroxidase-catalyzed IAA oxidation. It seems probable that 2,4-D perturbs the isoperoxidase pattern by acting at some step prior to the release of the enzyme from its site of synthesis.


Since the early 1980s, the prevailing school reform strategy among states has been toward more centralized and more encompassing legislative and administrative controls. As reformers increasingly expect states to carry the burden of school improvement, such expectations have, in turn, shifted attention to states' administrative capacities to effect change. While state education departments should, and in some instances do, play an important part in the educational reform process, little is known about their capacities to effect large-scale and enduring change. Unlike European countries, the United States did not develop differentiated, centralized bureaucracies with direct authority and control over education. While specific configurations of control have differed over the past 150 years, the role of state education departments always has been contingent. In the first half of the twentieth century, they were defined by elite professional interests and in the second half by an array of special interests. This article examines the role of state education departments from their nineteenth-century origins by tracing the development of state administrative authority in education and the political forces that have shaped it. A central question that the article poses is whether large-scale educational reform is sustainable in the absence of an institutional center to shape policy, aggregate interests, and control and channel conflict. The first part of the article proposes a theoretical framework for understanding state education departments as political institutions. The second part examines the historical developments of state administrative bureaucracies. The final part of the article integrates the historical and theoretical to suggest an analytic framework for understanding the institutional role of state education departments.


Abstract The AMISCONDE Initiative in Costa Rica and Panamá was implemented through a partnership involving Conservation International, McDonald's Corporation, Clemson University, and later Texas A & M University. This paper provides an appraisal of the partnership using criteria established by Berry et al. (1995) and Berry and Dyer (1996). Results indicate that the AMISCONDE collaborators could improve the essential partnership elements of inclusiveness and communication. The establishment of a common vision and goals and the avoidance of "goal substitution" can help promote partnership success. I recommend that the AMISCONDE partnership and other similar efforts should seek to (1) increase inclusiveness by recognizing participating communities as partnership members; (2) fully utilize each partner's strengths to promote the common interest; (3) encourage communication with partnership members early on in the project to ensure vital components of the project are not overlooked; (4) make partnership endeavors a learning experience through transparency and outside reviewers; and (5) ensure that a common vision and goals are established to avoid subjugation to individual goals.


The current study aims at investigating the relationship between e-business growth and e-business enablers and barriers by SMEs in Jordanian communication sector. More specifically, the study attempts to identify factors associated with SMEs' adoption of e-business, including barriers and enablers impacting on this adoption. The quantitative approach is employed since it describes and measures the studied phenomenon. Questionnaire is sent to all companies in the sample that was obtained from Jordanian Ministry of Communication. 306 questionnaires were returned with response rate is 86 percent. Correlation analysis is used to identify the strength and direction of relationship between the stages of e-business growth and e-business enablers and barriers. The result reveals that there is a highly significant positive relationship between stages of e-business growth (email exchange, information exchange, and Web presence) and certain enablers and barriers; however our strength of association was highly to moderate.


Psoas abscess (PA) is encountered infrequently in children. Pyogenic psoas abscess is most commonly a primary process associated with Staphylococcus aureus in children. Herein we present a female adolescent of secondary psoas abscess associated with ruptured retrocecal appendicitis, and it was successfully treated by broadspectrum antibiotics and prompt surgical intervention. The patient was a case of ruptured appendicitis with successful conservative treatment. The patient missed the follow-up schedule for elective interval appendectomy. Two years later, she presented with fever, limping gait, and right flank pain. Ultrasound revealed fixed dilated bowel loops, a fecalith and a heterogeneous hypoechoic lesion (3.7×3.6×3.3 cm) at right psoas muscle, suspecting PA. The patient received intravenous antibiotics for 2 weeks and made an excellent recovery. A follow-up ultrasound showed complete resolution of the abscess. The patient missed the schedule for interval appendectomy again, and same symptoms recurred 4 months later. Laboratory data indicated leukocytosis and marked elevation of serum Creactive protein. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed a gas-containing fluid collection within the right psoas muscle, and connecting with a dilated appendix. Laparotomy with appendectomy and tube drainage of the abscess was done, and the patient had uneventful recovery. The bacterial culture of pus grew Enterobacter cloacae. The patient discharged eight days after surgery. Neither abdominal symptoms nor evidence of recurrent PA on follow-up ultrasound was observed in the later years.


To explore the clinical effect of Yizhiningshen Particles on ADHD(hyperkinetic symptom)in child.Yizhiningshen Particles was given in treatment group.Ritalin was given in control group.Continuous treatment for6weeks comprised one course,and followed up for2weeks.The total therapeutic effect,the effect of TCM syndromes,ADHD index were observed before and after treatment. There was no significant difference in total therapeutic effect between two groups(P0.05).Effect of TCM syndromes,ADHD index and result of follow up in treatment group were better than that of control group(P0.01).[Conclusion] Yizhiningshen Particles possess satisfactory therapeutic effect on ADHD in child.


Within the construct of the complete Kim-Anderson model for the critical-current density, we have calculated the initial magnetization curves and full hysteresis loops of type-II superconductors immersed in an external field H=H dc +H ac cos(ωt), where H dc (≥0) is a dc bias field and H ac (>0) is an ac field amplitude. We denote the maximum and minimum values of H by H A (=H dc +H ac ) and H B (=H dc -H ac )


A new formula expressing explicitly the integrals of Jacobi polynomials of any degree and for any order in terms of the Jacobi polynomials themselves is proved. Another new explicit formula relating the Jacobi coefficients of an expansion for an infinitely differentiable function that has been integrated an arbitrary number of times in terms of the coefficients of the original expansion of the function is also established. The results for ultraspherical polynomials, of which the Chebyshev and Legendre polynomials are important special cases, are noted. An application of these formulae for solving ordinary differential equations with varying coefficients is discussed.


Disclosed is a photographing device composing a plurality of continuously photographed images. The photographing device includes: a photographing unit for obtaining a plurality of images by continuously photographing a subject; an input unit for selecting a standard image among the photographed images and a change area within the standard image; a display unit for displaying the standard image; a control unit for generating a mask image corresponding to the change area and performing a composite work by using the generated mask image; and a storage unit for storing the photographed images, a final image, and a data file. [Reference numerals] (AA) Start; (BB) End; (S910) Photographing a plurality of photographed images; (S920) Selecting a standard image; (S930) Setting a change area and generating a mask image; (S940) Performing a composite work; (S950) Storing mask image information in a data file; (S960) Generating a final image?; (S970) Storing the image


The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) has generated considerable buzz in education circles and the general media. But how much has really changed, and what does this mean for states as they begin the process of implementing a new federal education law? In this article, we apply principal-agent theory to explore intergovernmental relations under ESSA, focusing specifically on the relationship between the federal government (the principal) and state governments (the agents). First, we review power dynamics under No Child Left Behind (NCLB) and ESSA, exploring implications of changes in the substance of both laws for the principal-agent problem. Next, using political discourse analysis, we show how shifts in the content of Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) and its implementation by the current administration influenced the federal review process of state plans for the sixteen states that submitted plans under the early deadline. We find the federal government was most likely to provide feedback around Title I, Part A, Section 4 pertaining to accountability and school improvement. Ultimately, however, states that ignored or defied federal feedback were successful given both the limits ESSA places on U.S. Department of Education authority and the current administration's reliance on negotiation over sanction. Thus far, this approach has ensured states are realizing the maximum flexibility available through the law, as all state plans were approved, regardless of whether states heeded federal feedback and complied with the law.


Intracranial extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH) is very rare. We report the case of EMH with intracranial involvement which developed after trauma in a 73-year-old lady affected by JAK2 mutated myelofibrosis (MF). She was diagnosed with MF in 2005 and treated with low-dose-steroids (prednisolone and oxymethalone) for about 5 years with anexcellent response on full blood count and splenomegaly.
In June 2011, she fell from the stairs and sustained minor trauma to the forehead. Six weeks later, the patient had a gradually enlarging and moderately painful lump in the centre of her forehead. A contrast-enhanced CT scan of the head was performed, showing a small fracture in the frontal bone infiltrated and surrounded by a soft tissue mass extending intracranially and invading the skin extracranially (Figures 1 and 2). A metastatic deposit from an occult tumour was suspected.
In August 2011, we performed a CT-guided trucut biopsy of the forehead mass. The histology report confirmed extramedullary haematopoiesis according to the patchy expression of myeloid (CD45, CD43, myeloperoxidase) and megakaryocytic markers (CD68, CD42b). We concluded that the trauma caused a small fracture which triggered the bone marrow tissue reaction resulting in production of extramedullary haematopoiesis in the site of the trauma. The patient underwent local radiotherapy resulting in complete resolution of the lesion.


In this review, Gudgel analyzes Gerald Steinacher's book Humanitarians at War on the role of the ICRC/Red Cross from The Great War to the Geneva Conventions of 1949.