How to promote the construction of innovation-oriented firms has become an important issue,which needs to be considered deeply when implementing the Project of Technological Innovation in China and attracts widespread concern in academia and business.As high-level segment of the technological innovation activities in the innovation-oriented firms,research and development institute is an important support and the core content of construction of innovation-oriented firms,whose strategic location and construction have a direct impact on the level of enterprises' independent innovation and sustainable development capacity.Based on the field research and study of more than 20 innovation-oriented(pilot)firms in Guangdong Province,this article sums up the contents of formation and development of company's research and development institute from the five aspects: capabilities,mechanisms,platforms,employees,culture,with a view to provide the starting point to promote and the inspiration for the construction of innovation-oriented firms.


Going concern assumption is important issue because this audit assumption can affect users to their decision making. This study aimed to predict the influence of auditor aspects and internal aspects of the company on the going concern assumption. Aspects of auditor are audit quality, opinion shopping, and previous year's audit opinion. Internal aspects of company are debt default, profitability, liquidity, and growth company.
The sample is all manufacture companies that have negative profit for two years from 2011 until 2013 periods. The factors are audit quality, opinion shopping, previous year's audit assumption, debt default, profitability, liquidity, and growth company. This research used purposive sampling to select the sample. This research was analyzed by logistic regression.
This research consists of 70 percent company that obtain going concern opinion with a standard deviation of 0,459. This result of this research presents that going concern assumption is significantly influenced by previous year's audit opinion and debt default. Previous year's audit opinion and debt default have the positive correlation to going concern assumption. On the other hand, audit quality, opinion shopping, profitability, liquidity, and growth company don't give effect to going concern assumption.


Serial fluorine-18 bone scans and skeletal surveys were evaluated for usefulness in the staging of initial disease and for detection of metastases in children with osteosarcoma or Ewing's sarcoma. Scintigraphy was more sensitive than skeletal surveys in the detection of bony metastases in both tumors, but was less sensitive than radiographs for the detection of pulmonary lesions. Bone metastases did not occur before pulmonary metastases in patients with osteosarcoma but did in patients with Ewing's sarcoma. The effect of radiation therapy on the distribution of fluorine 18 throughout the bony skeleton is discussed.


I HE men who sit around the President's Cabinet table represent huge national constituencies, such as labor, agri culture, and the military. The tragedy is that the vast health, education, and welfare con stituencies are presently represented by a single Cabinet officer whose priority concerns virtually exclude education. This is most unfortunate because education is the nation's second largest enterprise, involving pupils, teachers, supervisors, administrators, and ancillary personnel, who comprise more than one-third of the entire U.S. population. The National Education Association and many other educational organizations are concerned that education is buried in the administrative and bureaucratic structure of government. The interests of education are buried in the sense that authorizing and appropriations acts are given little concern by the Administration and its budgetary arm. Thus far, Nixon Administration requests for education have averaged less than half of the money authorized for educational pro grams. Furthermore, the present Administra tion has placed military and industrial inter ests high above the needs of the public schools. In the annual competition for fed eral dollars, education always comes up the loser. Two successive vetoes of education appropriations above Administration re quests clearly indicate where Mr. Nixon and his advisers stand on national priorities. In addition to the problems generated by the Administration's attitudes, educa tional issues are being smothered under con cern for health and welfare. For this reason, educators have pressed for the separation of education from the HEW complex. We need a full-time Secretary of Edu cation who can devote a ll h is enthusiasm to this very important job, and separate himself from the problems of health and welfare. In this way, the resources of our federal gov ernment could, in a reasoned manner, be brought to bear on the neecls of our schools. Certainly, we need all the attention and re sources and support we can muster, from all sources, to change and to improve the public education system. Only so can it match up to the tremendous changes that our highly technological society, our shrinking world, and our exploding population are making mandatory.


Synthetic peptides and fragments cleaved from native fibrinogen are used in studies to localize binding sites for various ligands. We addressed the question how the native conformation of a selected γ chain segment is affected by scission of the original chain. The conformation of the γ chain COOH-terminus of intact fibrinogen and its various fragments containing this region has been compared by an immunochemical analysis. An antibody population specific for the native epitope within the γ391-405 segment was isolated by affinity chromatography on the corresponding synthetic peptide. Between 19.2 and 22.8% of antibodies were obtained from three different antisera indicating that this region represents one of the major epitopes of native fibrinogen. Anti-γ391-405 antibodies were used to determine the value of Kconf the equilibrium constant for the interconversion of the non-native and native conformations of this epitope. The measurements were done using native fibrinogen, fragments D1 and DD, γ chain and γ391-405 synthetic peptide. In addition, the effect of 5 M guanidine-HCl on the conformation of fragments D1 and DD, which is known to abolish their antipolymerizing activity, was studied. Radioiodinated fibrinogen was used in the determination of Kconf, and quantitative analytical parameters, CI50% and CIs, calculated from competition between 125I-fibrinogen and the fibrinogen derivatives under study for binding to the immunochemically purified antibody. The measurements indicated that the epitope is unperturbed by iodination of fibrinogen and that 38.3% of fragment D1, 8.9% of fragment DD, 3.6% of the γ chain and less than 0.008% of the γ391-405 molecules adopt in aqueous solution the native conformation within the epitope. Denaturation of fragment D1 with 5 M guanidine-HCl affected only slightly the conformation of this γ chain determinant. More significant changes in the conformation were observed when fragment DD was denatured. The results suggest that long-range interactions are necessary for the stabilization of the native structure in the region of fibrinogen that interacts with the antibody and which is in close vicinity to the polymerization site, crosslinking site, and platelet recognition site.


The present paper aims at analyzing "Elmaqama Elholwania," using a semiotic method, based on the theory of the narrative semiotic, actantial model. The research arguments seek to explore the extent to which the study of the narrative text will enable us to discover the text articulation. For this reason, I presented the narrative semiotics theory of 'Grimas'. The analysis focused on the functions and characteristics of the characters, their actantial narrative schema, narrative program, narrativivity and the actant. Based on the analysis, the efficiency of the semiotic model was confirmed. Accordingly, this semiotic analysis can be considered as a reliable approach to analyze the Arabic narrative, both ancient and modern.


A fusion gene that results from a chromosomal translocation t(12;22)(q13;q12) which fuses the first 7 or 8 exons of the EWSR1 gene on the 5' side of exon 4 or 5 of the ATF1 gene. This rearrangement is associated with both malignant clear cell sarcoma of the soft tissue and angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma.


The essential amino acids of the freshwater shrimp, Macrobrachium ohione were identified by radioactive assay using U−14C glucose. Those amino acids which incorporated little or no 14C were arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tyrosine, and valine. It was inferred that Macrobrachium ohione could not synthesize these amino acids and thus, has a dietary requirement for them.


In this study, the hydraulic model tests for the single chamber perforated wall caisson were performed to investigate the reflection coefficients according to the slit shapes. The perforated wall with vertical and horizontal slits was applied to the tests. The random waves were used for the test by using Bretschneider-Mitsuyasu frequency spectrum. The similar reflection coefficients were measured in the vertical and horizontal slit caisson within a similar perforation ratio and area. The reflection coefficient according to relative slit length(S/Hs) was analyzed and the minimum reflection coefficients were measured in relatively small S/Hs (=2.7). The results from horizontal slits showed similar trends with those from the vertical slit perforated wall.


New experimental results on the NO reduction by CH4 in both N2 and CO2 atmospheres are obtained in a jet-stirred reactor. Experiments are conducted in the temperature range of 600 1323 K at 1 atm. The experiments are simulated using an updated reaction mechanism and the simulations are highly consistent with the experiments. The NO-reburning in the CO2 atmosphere is reduced by 40% 60%, relative to that in the N2 atmosphere. The inhibition of methane oxidation under high CO2 concentrations is responsible for the decrease of the NO reduction efficiency. The main reaction pathways of the NO reduction in the N2 atmosphere are: NO (→ HCNO) → HCN → NCO → N2 and NO → HNCO → NH2 → NNH → N2, while the primary path in the CO2 atmosphere is: NO (→ H2CN) → HCN → CH3CN → NCO → N2 due to the chemical effect of CO2.


As social-face sensitivity has been considered as one of cultural and psychological characteristics of Korean people, it recently has started to examined in various study contexts. So as in golf industry, marketers started to examine not only the behavior but also the psychological part of consumers. Therefore the purpose of this study was to provide a basic data for marketers in golf apparel industry by examining the effect of golf apparel consumers" need for uniqueness(NFU) and social-face sensitivity on conspicuous consumption. For data analysis, SPSS 21 was used for frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and results are as follow. First, sub-factor of NFU, 'similarity avoidance' had positive influence on 'individuality oriented", 'brand preference' and 'trend preference' of conspicuous consumption. Second, sub-factor of NFU, 'creative choice' and 'unpopular choice' had positive influence on 'brand preference", 'high cost preference' and 'trend preference". Third the sub-factor of social-face sensitivity, 'sensitive with other"s eyes' had positive influence on 'brand preference' and 'high cost preference". Fourth, the sub-factor of social-face sensitivity, 'sensitive on social formality' and 'sensitive on one"s shame; had positive influence on all of the sub-factors of conspicuous consumption.


An electronic circuit is described which allows smooth automatic increase of the voltage at the output of a high-voltage power supply during its turn on and smooth reduction during turn off. The time required for voltage turn on is approximately 17 min and may be varied when necessary. The circuit was designed for use with semiconductor detectors.


India is the world's largest democracy and it is moving ahead with its potential. Since independence we have stepped so far that now we are world's second largest growing economy. India is blessed with many natural resources and bio fuel, which makes it different from other countries of the world. We are also world's largest exporter of spices and handicrafts. With various religious thoughts and diversified cultural beliefs, India always has been the country to be explored for foreign tourists. India made a remarkable status in Information Technology, Researches, Engineering, and Entrepreneurship in the world. India is not far to become the world's strongest economy. With educated youth and experienced professional, the dream of becoming super power is only a few years away.


Purpose – This article describes the successful application of behavioral differentiation in transforming the culture of a large engineering‐oriented company as it strived to become more customer‐centric.Design/methodology/approach – Customer satisfaction surveys and interviews indicated that the company was difficult to work with and not customer‐focused. Subsequent benchmarking included an employee engagement survey, Lore's Behavioral Differentiation Survey, and the Denison Cultural Survey.Findings – The results, which showed significant disagreement between internal and customer perceptions of the issues, indicated that the company had six behavioral improvement areas to focus on: customer relationship management, communication, execution‐related behaviors, information sharing, customer success, and organizational alignment.Research limitations/implications – The cultural change initiative is ongoing, and further research is needed to identify the strength, effectiveness, and durability of the behavior...


The study area is within PEP 11, which is more than 200 km in length, covers an area over 8,200 km2 and lies immediately offshore of Sydney, Australia's largest gas and petroleum market on the east coast of New South Wales. Permit water depths range from 40 m to 200 m. While the onshore Sydney Basin has received episodic interest in petroleum exploration drilling, no deep exploration wells have been drilled offshore. A reappraisal of available data indicates the presence of suitable oil- and wet gas-prone source rocks of the Late Permian coal measure succession and gas-prone source rocks of the middle to early Permian marine outer shelf mudstone successions within PEP 11. Reservoir quality is an issue within the onshore Permian succession and, while adequate reservoir quality exists in the lower Triassic succession, this interval is inferred to be absent over much of PEP 11. Quartz-rich arenites of the Late Permian basal Sydney Subgroup are inferred to be present in the western part of PEP 11 and these may form suitable reservoirs. Seismic mapping indicates the presence of suitable structures for hydrocarbon accumulation within the Permian succession of PEP 11, but evidence points to significant structuring post-dating peak hydrocarbon generation. Uplift and erosion of the order of 4 km (based on onshore vitrinite reflectance studies and offshore seismic truncation geometries) is inferred to have taken place over the NE portion of the study area within PEP 11. Published burial history modelling indicates hydrocarbon generation from the Late Permian coal measures commenced by or before the mid-Triassic and terminated during a mid-Cretaceous compressional uplift prior to the opening of the Tasman Sea. Structural plays identified in the western and southwestern portion of PEP 11 are well positioned to contain Late Permian clean, quartz-rich, fluvial to nearshore marine reservoir facies of the coal measures. These were sourced from the western Tasman Fold Belt. The reservoir facies are also well positioned to receive hydrocarbons expelled from adjacent coal and carbonaceous mudstone source rock facies, but must rely on early trap integrity or re-migrated hydrocarbons and, being relatively shallow, have a risk of biodegradation. Structural closures along the main offshore uplift appear to have been stripped of the Late Permian coal measure succession and must rely on mid-Permian to Early Permian petroleum systems for hydrocarbon generation and accumulation.


SEASTAR is a new satellite mission concept being proposed to the European Space Agency through the Earth Ex-plorer 10 call for mission ideas. The scientific objectives of SEASTAR are to support oceanographic research of mesoscale and submesoscale processes, upper ocean dynamics and air-sea interactions with the delivery of high-precision high-resolution two-dimensional maps of total ocean surface current vectors and wind vectors at a spatial resolution of 1 km. The focus of the mission is on the scientifically and societally important global coastal zone, shelf-seas and marginal ice zones. SEASTAR consists of a single satellite carrying a single Ku-band dual-polarisation instrument payload based on an ATI-based solution with two squinted look-directions. It will provide for the first time observations of the total ocean current vector field including ageostrophic components, with coincident measurements of wind vectors and waves. The satellite uses a sun-synchronous orbit (SSO) with fast-revisit orbital phases (1-2 day repeat) alternating with medium-revisit orbits (5-20 days repeat). While there is no dependence on data from other satellites, there are scientific benefits from synergy with Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-3.


The paper presents optimizing investigations by the beam propagation method method of two-wave multi/demultiplexer which uses gradient index multimode interference structures made by Ag–Na ion exchange in BK-7 glass. We have discussed the influence of the structure geometry and technological process parameters for selected wavelength combinations within the range of 635÷ 850 nm. We have described operating parameters of the multiplexers — excess losses and contrasts. We have also presented the way of finding approximate MMI section widths and lengths which satisfy the multiplexing condition.


The global luxury industry has seen steady growth for the last 15 years. It is one of the most attractive and profitable industries. Asia became the most potential region where the average income has risen significantly. Iran is the most attractive young market. Despite the dramatic growth of the luxury market over the past two decades, luxury consumer research remains fragmentary and scant. Identifying the different dimensions of luxury consumption, especially among the youth, can be a helpful solution to the producers of the domestic industries, in order to conform product's characteristics or customers' tendencies of purchase. In this research, we got the information through the questionnaire completed by 445 young consumers of luxury watches. And ranking of each sub-index to clarify the importance of them can help to growing Iran's luxury markets.In this paper use the network structure because of correlation between the factors in buying luxury for ranking. Analysis was performed the self concept and brand image has great impact on the purchasing of luxury product. According to above line, at this study after definition and classification of study factor try to rank this factors with network structure on the purchase of luxury.


THE UTILIZATION OF OUTPATIENT SERVICES IN COMMUNITY hospitals by the general population has increased by 33 percent between 1963 and 1968. During this same period, inpatient utilization has increased by only 19 percent.1 This increased outpatient utilization can be attributed to a number of reasons, perhaps the most significant being the decrease in the number of primary care physicians and the rise in the mobility of the population. People have begun to identify with the hospital as a .Primary provider of health care. During this same period, the hospital pharmacist has been attempting to develop an identity with patient care activities beyond his role as the dispenser of drugs. He has ventured into patient care areas to try to define what he could contribute. Even though there has been a greater increase in outpatient utilization, most of the pharmacist's contributions have been confined to inpatient care. The reasons for this are not quite clear, but may be related to factors which led initially to the development of the clinical pharmacy concept. 2 Outpatient pharmacy services in the nation's hospitals are either nonexistent or inadequate since the pharmacist usually performs only a limited distributive function. Mechanisms have been devised to improve the efficiency of the dispensing function, but little has been done to


Changling fault depression goes through three stages of evolution: faulted phase period, depression period and phase inversion period. The fault rised whole and the formation generated erosion at late Yingcheng group, late Nenjiang group and late Mingshui group. In this paper, based on seismic and drilling data, 8 wells located in the study area are calculated by denudation thickness. On this basis, we make use of inversion backstripping technology, through compaction correction, to restore the original thickness of sedimentary step by step, we carried on the single well burial history reconstruction to 8 wells and restored their tectonic subsidence history, the result demonstrates that fault depression has experienced four subsidence and three upliftings: It has the characteristic which is the fast subsidence, the fast deposition and the fast burial in shahezi fm - yingcheng fm period, the uplifting suffers the denudation in late yingcheng fm; Denglou fm - nenjiang fm period has the characteristics of the fast subsidence, deposits and burial, the late nenjiang fm shows uplift-erosion; The sifangtai fm and the mingshui fm show fast subsidence, burial, reverse movement causes the stratum uplift-erosion in late mingshui fm; In the paleogene- neogene, the overall characteristic is the slow upuplifting, and then is the slow drop, the slow deposition, the slow burial.


A novel configuration of gyroscope using an electro-hydrodynamics flow circulating in a confined space is developed. The configuration includes three corona discharge based actuators to generate ionic flows inside three separated sub-channels which are connected to the main chamber. Ionic flows are merged together while they move through a nozzle installed at the main chamber entrance. After the merging phase, the conflated flow is diverged to move back to sub-channels where each accelerates at the discharge actuator. A master ring is installed at the end of the nozzle to remove any residual charge of the conflated ion flow. The ion flow velocity is measured using several hotwires installed in the main chamber. Since the configuration does not require any vibrating components, the present device is robust, cost-effective and consumes low power, hence, very potential in application of inertial sensing.


During the process of cable transmission perforation,the explosion of perforation gun would appear if the water enter the gun.In order to avoid this accident,a new type of detonation sequence is designed.The amount and diameter of pressure leakage hole,and the distance of detonation insulation were determined,and the parameters of detonator were designed.The reliability test,in-well simulation test and in-well operation test showed that the detonation wave can be cut off when the water enter the perforation gun,while under normal condition,the detonation sequence works well.


The increasing prevalence of unethical practices such as unnecessary investigations, overcharging, and violation of patients' rights, especially in private hospitals, have drawn attention to the unregulated and overwhelmingly commercialised nature of the private healthcare sector in India.


Abstract : The Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Manpower, Personnel and Training (OP-01) tasked Navy Personnel Research and Development Center (NPRDC) to construct a training continuum design methodology using the Operations Specialist (OS) and Electronics Warfare Technician (EW) ratings as the design vehicles. Rating Training Continuum Development Workshops were held for the OS and EW ratings in FY89 and FY90. The results of the workshops were incorporated into Continuum Training Plans (CTPs). NPRDC then developed an evaluation plan to determine the effectiveness of the OS and EW CTPs. The first step in the evaluation is to verify that the recommendations in the CTPs have been implemented into the OS and EW training pipelines. Implementation will be established by surveying the implementing and using agencies, and examining course materials. The second step in the evaluation is to measure the effect of the recommendations on OS and EW personnel and on their training pipelines. Four attributes will be measured: Job performance, force structure, training effectiveness, and career attitude. Existing organizational data, surveys, and interviews will be used to obtain the necessary data on the attributes. Descriptive and inferential statistics will be used to analyze the data.


COMPUTATIONAL FLOW ANALYSIS OF A FLAPPING MICRO-FLYER WING FOR CYCLE-AVERAGED FORCE PRODUCTION NITESH RAJENDRA RAJPUT, M.S. The University of Texas at Arlington, 2014 Supervising Professor: Brian H Dennis Human engineers have been trying long to mimic creations of nature for their own benefits. One such area of interest is the insect based micro flapping wing flyers for their wide employment in commercial as well as military applications. These micro air vehicles (MAVs) are capable of performing acts that can be too dangerous for humans to perform, such as tactical reconnaissance in a combat zone. The maneuverability required of these MAVs call for a careful design and thorough study of their aerodynamic performance. This research goal is to provide an estimation of the forces generated during the flapping motion of an airfoil. The commercial computational fluid dynamics software package ANSYS Fluent was used to compute the unsteady forces on a flapping airfoil for different flapping cycle paths. Time averaged forces were then computed from the instantaneous results. A grid independence study was performed to decide the suitable dimension of the grid. Different methods for dealing with the moving boundary were evaluated using mesh deformation and remeshing for unstructured grids.


The thermal behavior of the powder mixtures of KCl and SnCl2 with various molar ratios was studied by thermal analysis. The reaction between KCl and SnCl2 to form the congruent melting compounds, KSnCl3 and KSn3Cl7, occurred at 190 °C and 212 °C, respectively. The existence of these compounds in the system KCl–SnCl2 was indicated in the equilibrium diagram constructed from the data of the DTA heating-curves in agreement with the previous work.


LACK OF time, conflict and too much paperwork are the prindple causes of stress among nurses, according to a new survey.


Under various conditions of the growth process, when the presumably unconventional superconductor Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ (SRO) contains micro-inclusions of Ru metal, the superconducting critical temperature increases significantly. An STEM study shows a sharp interface geometry which allows crystals of SRO and of Ru-metal to grow side by side by forming a commensurate superlattice structure at the interface. In an attempt to shed light as to why this happens, we investigated the atomic structure and electronic properties of the interface between the oxide and the metal micro-inclusions using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our results support the observed structure indicating that it is energetically favored over other types of Ru-metal/SRO interfaces. We find that a $t_{2g}$-$e_g$ orbital mixing occurs at the interface with significantly enhanced magnetic moments. Based on our findings, we argue that an inclusion mediated interlayer coupling reduces phase fluctuations of the superconducting order parameter which could explain the observed enhancement of the superconducting critical temperature in SRO samples containing micro-inclusions.


Inflammation may result from chronic hyperglycemia, a disease of macromolecule metabolism disorder caused by diabetes mellitus due to insulin malfunction. Although Cymbopogon citratus (Lemon grass) has long been used as an anti-diabetic, not much is known about the mechanisms involved. The goal of this study was to see how C. citratus leaf extract modulates genes related to insulin sensitivity and inflammation in alloxan-induced diabetic rats' pancreas. Control, diabetic control, metformin (100 mg/kg), and C. citratus (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were the six groups of experimental rats. Alloxan (150 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to five groups. ACCU-CHEK glucometer and glucose test strips were used to measure fasting blood glucose at three-day intervals. Treatments were given for fourteen (14) days after which the animals were sacrificed and the pancreas removed for RT-PCR analysis. Image J software and graph pad prism software were respectively used to quantify and present the results. Diabetes induction by alloxan significantly (p>0.05) increased fasting blood glucose level compared to non-induced control after 3 days. Administration of C. citratus aqueous extract (14 days) reduced the blood glucose of diabetic rats significantly (p<0.05). C. citratus up-regulated the expression of TGR5, PPAR-γ, GLUT2, and Glucokinase genes relative to diabetic control respectively. It also down-regulated IL-6 and TNF-α genes expression relative to diabetic control rats. The antidiabetic effect of C. citratus could be via its ability to up-regulate the expression of genes associated with insulin sensitivity and down-regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory genes.


Because of unique mechanism and intrinsic advantages,tamoxifen is still the first choice in hormonotherapy for hormone-dependent metastasized breast cancer.It is also a first-chosen drug in postoperative adjuvant endocrinotherapy of primary early breast cancer in situ with positive estrogen receptor(ER).Epidemiological data and clinical trials have confirmed that long-term oral administration of tamoxifen increases risk of endometrial carcinoma.While progestogen used in oral contraceptives(OCs) or HRT not only can treat breast cancer but also has protective effect on endometria from developing endometrial carcinoma.This article explored mechanisms that low dose of progestogen decreases risk of tamoxifen-associated endometrial carcinoma of those women with breast cancer who orally took tamoxifen for a long.


Bioengineering and the development of endovascular techniques such as stenting and coiling present challenges to computational modelling, mostly in the area of meshing. We have developed a suite of software tools able to create high-quality meshes around complicated geometries, as well as locally remeshing and repairing elements undergoing large deformations. The theory and possible applications are described below.


FIELD: tools. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to cutting tool nano-layered coating and method of its application on cutting tool. Performing application of coating on cutting tool surface containing nano-structure from alternating nano-layers A consisting of (Al,Ti,W)N, and nano-layers B consisting of (Ti,Si,W)N. For application of nano-layered structure at least one arc evaporation source is used. Said nano-structure is applied from alternating nano-layers A, having elementary composition, set by formula (Al x Ti 1-x-y W y )N with 0,50 ≤ x ≤ 0.65 and 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.10, wherein factors preset as x, 1-x-y and y, correspond to aluminium, titanium and tungsten nuclear concentration, respectively, and nano-layers B having element composition, preset by formula (Ti 1-z-u Si z W u )N with 0.05 ≤ z ≤ 0.30 and 0 ≤ u ≤ 0.10, wherein factors specified as 1-z-u, z and u, correspond to titanium, silicon and tungsten nuclear concentration, respectively. For quantitative determination of elements in said layer A only said aluminium, titanium and tungsten are considered. For quantitative determination of elements in said layer B only said titanium, silicon and tungsten are considered. Said at least one arc evaporation source comprises magnetic device for creation of magnetic fields on target surface and above it provided on target. Said magnetic device contains extreme permanent magnets, central permanent magnet and at least, one circular coil arranged behind target, which internal diameter, defined by windings is less than or equal to target diameter, wherein during nano-layered structure application extreme permanent magnets are located at distance of 6-10 mm from target. Extreme permanent magnets projection on target surface is located farther from target surface midpoint in comparison with circular coil projection on target surface, and central permanent magnet is located behind target. EFFECT: enabling coating for high-quality cutting tool, providing better performance compared with cutting tool, from known state of the art. 14 cl, 8 dwg, 1 tbl, 5 ex


In this study Water Quality Index (WQI) was applied in Hemren Lake, Diyala province, Iraq using ten water quality parameters (pH, Electrical Conductivity, Hardness, Total Dissolve Soluble, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Chloride, Phosphate) from 2008 to 2010 to evaluate the suitability of Hemren Lake ecosystem for drinking and irrigation uses. The Weighted Arithmetic Index method (WAM) and the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index methodology (The CWQI 1.0 model) were used to calculate the water quality index (W.Q.I). The results indicated that drinking water quality of Hemren Lake is good and marginal for the study period according to (WAM) and (CCME) respectively, while the irrigation water quality is good and according to (WAM) and (CCME). It is suggested that monitoring of the lake is necessary for proper management. Application of the WQI is also suggested as a very helpful tool that enables the public and decision makers to evaluate water quality of lakes in Iraq.


we propose a hybrid method that integrates the minutiae and their local neighborhood information. This contribution can be seen as a validation step of the minutiae triplets matching performed in a recent algorithm: M3gl. We aim to improve the result of the minutiae triplets matching stage. The characterization of the neighborhood of each triplet is established by a unique feature vector. This descriptor is based on a novel set of moments: the Quaternion Disc-Harmonic Moments (QDHMs). The QDHMs were proposed as an extension of the ordinary disc-harmonic moments using the algebra of quaternions. This representation is able to distinguish minutiae having different neighborhood information. We carried several experiments using the database FVC2002 data and the results underline a significant improvement of the classical M3gl.


Based on the pulse II transient ignition process of double pulse motor, in this paper, the cooling gas impact experiment platform was used to study the transient impact of the pulse II ignition pressure peak on the double pulse motor. The cooling gas impact experiment platform of double pulse motor and two different types of test motor were designed and manufactured. The test was carried out under different conditions such as the pressure of gas storage tank and the number of interstage hole. The motion law of the plugs in the pulse I combustion chamber are found out by high speed imaging technology. The results show that the blowout pattern and the motion law of the plug under the pressure (0.5MPa, 1MPa, 1.5MPa) of gas storage tank.


...................................................................................................................................v CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................1 1.1 Background of the Study ............................................................................................1 1.1.1 Diversity Management .........................................................................................2 1.1.2 Diversity Management Practices ........................................................................5 1.2 Research Problem ......................................................................................................6 1.3 Research Objective ....................................................................................................7 1.4 Value of the Study ......................................................................................................8 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................................9 2.


Hebei Province is facing a new and historic opportunity of great development,but land needed for economic development is insufficient.Perfecting the management system of collective construction land use transfer to release the potential of rural collective construction land is an important way of resolving the issue of land insufficiency.The research reveals that phenomena of invisible transfer and disordered income distribution exist in collective construction land use right transfer in this province,and that there are some discrepancies between national level policy guidance and current transfer management measures of Hebei Province,whose operability is not good enough.Referring to the experience of other provinces,this paper puts forward such proposals as improving transfer management system and establishing a sound supporting management policy for the purpose of perfecting the management system of collective construction land use right transfer.


This potentially life-saving book offers the scientific facts and practical advice needed to protect our homes and our families from this naturally occurring, highly radioactive gas.


Visioning has found success for individuals, organizations and communities as an intervention for change. This process is used as a catalyst for change that involves all stakeholders. Although visioning has some disadvantages, the process has found high levels of success and has made significant social, environmental, and economic impacts on communities and their members. Within this paper, elements of the process of visioning and its advantages and disadvantages will be discussed. An example of how the Wisconsin Rapids intervention was conducted and the subsequent results will be examined. The word "visioning," at its most elementary level, can conjure up dreams of seeing into the future or looking into a crystal ball to see a glimpse of events to come. Although visioning in this respect may not seem to relate to the community, it is essentially at the heart of what community visioning is. Visioning requires dreaming and using the most active parts of one's imagination. In a professional sense, visioning is a term used to refer to a personal, organizational, or community intervention in which individuals or members develop and describe their desired vision of the future (French & Bell, 1999). Within the development of the vision, a time frame is usually set some distance into the future. This imagined future may be anywhere from six months to 30 years in the future. Community members are required to imagine the future as they would like to see it in the most pristine or perfect sense. In essence, the participants are creating a mental paradise for life in the future for themselves, their organization, or their community. This intervention is focused on the most positive aspects of the future and does not dwell on problems or figurative bumps in the road.


1/f noise studies play significant role in choosing the band of frequency in which a device can be commendably used. This property is used to check the MOSFET without disturbing its physical structure. A MOSFET is used for intensifying or swapping electronic signals since it is a semiconductor gadget and also helps the electronic devices to run at a high capacity than they would otherwise. This particular device allows for parallel currents to distribute their power. In the present paper1/f noise and nonlinear effects in MOSFETs IRF 340, IRF 440 and IRF 640 are studied. The MOSFETs IRF 440 and IRF 640 show quite a large deviation compared to 1/f line in the lower frequency region while IRF 340 1/f nature matches it at low frequency.


In the Chilean model, the current legal education curriculum is quite long and comprehensive, from a dogmatic point of view, compared to other law education models, which seems to require an essentialization to shorten it (both ways) and that it also grounds it in certain necessary previous humanistic studies.


In Reply.—
 In our study of polygraphic recordings in infants with unexplained apnea, esophageal pH was monitored continuously uously and all infants were fed standard infant formula approximately every four hours during the polygraphic studies. Orenstein has questioned the absence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in 36% of the pH recordings, and has suggested that nonacid feedings may have masked some episodes of GER. Other studies utilizing nonacid feedings during extended esophageal pH monitoring have shown that some normal children do not reflux and that nonacid feeds do not necessarily mask GER.


Glucose and alanine metabolic interrelationships (measured with 3H-glucose and 14C-alanine) were examined in closely shorn wethers subjected to thermoneutral (TN) temperatures or chronic cold exposure (CE, < 21 d). Three treatments (n = 5–6 per treatment) were used: (1) fed to maintain weight at 18–20 °C (TN-Low); (2) fed to maintain weight at 0–4 °C (1.5 × TN-Low intake, CE-Hi); and (3) fed at CE-Hi intake at 18–20 °C (TN-Hi) to distinguish effects of the higher feed intake in the CE-Hi sheep from the cold per se. Plasma glucose pool size increased (P < 0.1) in CE-Hi sheep from 1.81 (TN-Low) and 1.83 (TN-Hi) to 2.40 mmol kg−0.75. Plasma glucose entry rates increased (P < 0.001) from 0.91 (TN-Low) to 1.29 (TN-Hi) to 1.78 (CE-Hi) mmol h−1 kg−0.75. Plasma alanine entry rates showed a tendency (P = 0.19) to increase in the CE-Hi sheep. Percentage alanine converted to glucose increased (P < 0.1) from 14.2% (TN-Low) and 13.4% (TN-Hi) to 21.5% (CE-Hi). These results indicate that increased glucose metabolism in...


Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), one of the important export crops grown in Ethiopia for its underground aromatic rhizome, is threatened by the destructive Ginger Bacterial Wilt (GBW) disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of moisture sources, plant spacing, and nitrogen fertiliser, on rhizome yield and yield attributes of latently infected ginger seed rhizomes. Treatments included two levels of moisture sources (irrigation and rainfall), two levels of plant spacing (40 cm x 15 cm and 40 cm x 30 cm), and three rates of nitrogen fertiliser, i.e., 0, 46 and 92 kg N ha 1 applied in the form of urea. Analysis of variance showed significant (P<0.01) variations between moisture sources and planting space for fresh rhizome yield, but not for N levels. Moisture sources also significantly (P<0.01) affected stand count at harvest, and other yield attributes, viz., number of buds per rhizome per hill, number of rhizomes per plant, rhizome size and rhizome and propagule weight. Planting infected ginger rhizomes early in dry season, with irrigation, led to production of healthy and large rhizomes weighing up to 662 g. Narrow plant spacing showed better yield performance and yield attributes, as opposed to wide spacing; though wide plant spacing was more preferred for management of Ginger Bacterial Wilt during humid and warm weather conditions. This experiment clearly demonstrated that planting ginger rhizomes, which are latently infected with Ralistonia solanacearum early in dry season, using irrigation could be the best option to propagate disease free rhizomes since dry condition successfully restrains bacterial development, disintegrating the pathosystem. i.e., avoiding high humidity, which is one of the ideal conditions for bacterial growth. Early planting in dry season, using irrigation is a cost effective and easily applicable practice to control Ginger Bacterial


When the European Research Ministers on November 9, 1987 determined on the "European Long TermSpace Plan 19872000" 1, they opted for a big technology only comparable to nuclear technology or large scale military technologies such as e.g. SDI. The new dimensions European space flight now is aiming at, can be characterized by different aspects: i) The financial resources required to build up the European space systems are immense. Official figures oftheGerman Research Ministry (BMFf) in 1987 ~ccounted for 14 billion DM, which is equivalent to about two fast breeders, but it could be demonstrated by recalculating the ESA figures that much more money would be required. My prediction of 1987 that at least 8 billion DM more would be required2 and that this would raise unsolvable problems for the research budget in the 1990s now has been confmned by German officials3, which arouses suspicions that the real problems might be even worse. ii) The technical systems of the ESA programme focus on manned space flight, which also indicates a new qualitiy in European space politics. The space station modules, named COLUMBUS, the mini shuttle HERMES, and the new rocket ARIANE V, mainly required to launch HERMES, all indicate that a large amount of resources within the long term prograrnme is directed towards manned space flight. Other projects such as planetary missions or scientific exploration of the earth will, according to official ESA plannings, slowly be reduced from 68.5% (1987) to 28.8% (1993) and then to 26.4% (2000) of the total ESA budget4 , and a continuing cost explosion of manned systems might even aceeierate this trend. Projects such as earth observation or astronomic missions are to be shifted to rnanned systems, but the community heavily criticizes this. The arguments are well-known: manned space flight is a hinderance not a promotion for research. 5


Through-the-earth (TTE) communication systems are useful for post-disaster emergency communications due to their likelihood of surviving a mine disaster. The wireless channel and electromagnetic environment (EME) are two primary factors that affect the performance of a TTE system and have not been well understood in a mining environment. This paper reports our recent measurements conducted in an active coal mine to characterize the wireless channel and EME of a TTE system. TTE transmissions were successfully demonstrated in a mine location with a depth of 567 m (1,860 ft) by using ground rods installed on the surface and existing roof bolts in the underground. The results show that the EME in the mine is dominated by the 60-Hz signal and its harmonics for both surface and underground environments. The signal attenuation caused by the channel increases for frequencies greater than 90 Hz, which appears to be an optimum frequency point showing the smallest attenuation. An analytical path loss model for TTE channels is developed and validated using measurement results. This paper provides a measured data set as well as a model that an electricfield TTE system operator or system designer can reference when implementing TTE technologies in a mining environment.


Purpose
Drawing on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study aims to assess the moderating effect of the psychological contract (PC) type (relational, transactional and balanced) on the relationship between psychological contract breach (PCB) and organizational citizenship behaviours (OCBs).

Design/methodology/approach
The authors administered a survey to a sample of 159 nurses working in a large public hospital. To analyse the survey data, the authors used partial least squares with SmartPLS v.3.3, a variance-based structural equation modelling technique that combines principal component analysis, path analysis and regression analysis.

Findings
This study shows that nurses counteract the loss of resources following a PCB by investing more in stronger interpersonal relationships with co-workers and patients as a way to recuperate from resource loss and gain social resources. In addition, the moderating effect of the PC type reinforces the relationship between a PCB and OCB in a way that relational and balanced PC types support OCB-I positively but negatively OCB-O. Furthermore, the transactional PC does not reinforce negatively the link between PCB and OCB-I, and the negative interacting effect on the PCB and OCB-O link is only partially supported.

Research limitations/implications
The study findings are grounded on a cross-sectional research design and a convenience sampling strategy.

Practical implications
The results highlight the relevance of human resources management practices centred on employee involvement and participatory supervision styles for ensuring OCB display at the workplace.

Originality/value
The results add new evidence to COR theory by highlighting the importance of social resources as a mitigator in the relationship between nurses' PCB and OCB towards co-workers and patients (OCB-I). Hence, the OCB-I display will vary in function of the target and the moderating effect of PC type (relational, balanced or transactional).


Research on Penanada Kala in Seloko Adat Jambi Malay is an oral research or foklor. This study is based on the needs of the Jambi Malay community to understand and implement the forms of time or time usage in oral tradition. The problem of this research is how the use of time or time in seloko adat Jambi Malay area? and what meaning is contained in penguin time or time in seloko adat Jambi Malay Area? The purpose of this study is to describe the shape and meaning of marker kala in seloka adat Jambi Malay area. The data in this study are oral and reinforced data with written data. To analyze the data used descriptive method with data analysis technique is the method of extralingual padan with basic technique Pilih Unsur Penentu (PUP) and advanced technique Hubung Banding Samakan (HBS), Hubung Banding Bedakan (HBB). The significance of the markers in the indigenous customs of Malay Jambi is influenced by the use of the word task or forerunner and different word of the letters. The meaning that arises from the event of speech is influenced also by the timelessness and the shortness of time.


In previous works, in which the topological model has been applied to martensitic phase transformations, the value of twist angle ω was determined based on the habit plane-(HP) matching method, where the physical realization of the so-predicted interfacial defect networks may require reorientations of defect line directions by short-range diffusion, though no long-range diffusion was needed. In the present work, a novel criterion for determining the optimum value of twist is proposed so that the predicted interface defects are not only able to fulfil the function of fully accommodating the coherency strains arising on the terrace plane, but also capable of reaching the required position at the HP without long- or short-range diffusions. A numerical analysis for an Fe–20Ni–5Mn alloy is demonstrated based on the newly proposed criterion, and the predictions so obtained are in good agreement with the results provided by the phenomenological theory and experimental measurements.


Abstract : The Chinese initiative to the United States, in 1970-1973, including President Nixon's visit to Peking, may at first glance seem to have been a major change of policy for the Chinese government. Why would China, with apparent suddenness, attempt to resume relations with an archenemy of 25 years? What benefits could be gained from rapprochement with the "center of decadent capitalist imperialism?" Why did the Chinese choose this particular time to make such an overture? An analysis of China's domestic, political, military, and economic situation combined with her view of the international political scene will show that this initiative was both logical and rational in terms of China's perceived national interests. China's foreign policy was driven very much by domestic political concerns and her economic situation. Mao and the political elite -- the veterans of the Long March, personified by Chou En-lai -- felt themselves the stewards of "pure Marxism-Leninism." They had forged their new society at considerable cost in terms of personal sacrifice and economic growth. There was a lack of consensus among political leaders as to the course China should follow in the development and implementation of her ideological and revolutionary ambitions. The Great Proletarian Revolution was a dramatic indication of the wrenching internal political problems that the ruling party was facing in determining the course that China was to follow. The fact that Chou himself had been imprisoned by the Red Guard also points to the depth of this great political struggle for the control of China's destiny. Dr. Kissinger's observation of anti-American posters on display during his second visit to Peking was another indication that the internal debate was ongoing even after Chou had initiated discussions with the United States. This essay reviews the statecraft of Chou En-lai.


Constructal theory is the thought that the generation of flow configurations is a phenomenon of physics. Flow configuration, such as the trees of river basins, lungs and city traffic unite the natural with the engineered, and the animate with the inanimate. The physics principle that accounts for the generation of flow configuration everywhere is the constructal law (Bejan, 1997, p. 807): "For a finite-size flow system to persist (to survive) it must morph in time such that it provides easier access to the currents that flow through it". Why is the constructal law relevant to green energy? For lack of an official definition of "green energy", we assume that green energy means "man going about his business without changing the environment much". This thought defines the plane on which constructal theory is relevant. How can human action change the environment the least? The answer is delivered by the constructal law, which prescribes the ways in which humans can engineer machines that use minimal fossil fuels. Everything that Sadi Carnot (1824) said about making better machines is the constructal law, and is relevant to green energy. To persist in time (to survive), our flows must flow most easily (most efficiently) and be optimally matched to (i.e., in harmony with) the flows of the environment. Our trees of energy production, economics, business and garbage disposal must "mate" optimally with the trees of the environment (river basins, atmospheric and oceanic circulation).


The use of transverse deflecting cavities, known as crab cavities, was proposed in the LHC to correct the geometric effects of the large crossing angles as a consequence of the reduced beam sizes with the HL-LHC upgrade. This document details the functional requirements, RF and mechanical design of compact cavity cryomodule and the relevant RF services. Mechanical, thermal and operational aspects where relevant are described. COMPACT CAVITY CRYOMODULE Doc. Identifier: HILUMILHC-Del-D4-4-v1.0


Abstract : Field studies provided baseline data on fish species composition and abundance at Fort Gordon, Georgia. Four streams were sampled that represented varying levels of anthropogenic impacts: Spirit Creek (most impacted), Sandy Run, Boggy Gut, and Brier Creek (least impacted). Field surveys of juvenile and adult fishes and physical habitat were performed quarterly Dec 1995 to Oct 1996; 14 collections were made at 19 stations for a total 66 samples. Forty-four species of fishes were collected (or observed) representing approximately half of all native fishes known from the Savannah River drainage. Ichthyofauna was dominated taxonomically by sunfishes (10 species) and minnows (9 species), and to a lesser extent by darters and catfishes (6 species each). Abundant species included golden shiner, dusky shiner, bluegill, brook silverside, and blackbanded darter. Fishes of special status included sailfin shiner, mud sunfish, Savannah darter, and sawcheek darter. Bluebarred pygmy sunfish collected from Boggy Gut constitute the only confirmed collection of this species from the western Savannah River drainage and from the state of Georgia. Fish communities, and physical habitat, were similar in Sandy Run and Boggy Gut; Spirit Creek was faunistically and physically dissimilar from the other streams. Diversity (Shannon heterogenity function, H') was negatively correlated with turbidity, positively correlated with water depth. Abundance of 4 common species was negatively correlated with turbidity. Spirit Creek, which experiences severe erosion and is extensively impounded, is turbid, shallow, and high in conductivity; fish densities are low and the community depauperate. Boggy Gut, which experiences minor erosion and is not impounded, is characterized by water that is clear, deep, and low in conductivity; fish densities are high and multiple measures of diversity (H'), observed number of species, estimated number of species) were consistently higher than for any other stream. c


We construct an algebraic description for the ground state and for the static response of the quantum Hall plateaux with filling factor $\nu=N/(2N+1)$ in the large $N$ limit. By analyzing the algebra of the fluctuations of the shape of the Fermi surface of the composite fermions, we find the explicit form of the projected static structure factor at large $N$ and fixed $z=(2N+1) q\ell_B\sim 1$. When $z<3.8$, the result does not depend on the particular form of the Hamiltonian.


The growth of carnivorous plants is usually limited or co-limited by shortage of available mineral nutrients N, P, and K in barren soils or waters. Carnivorous plants capture animal prey, absorb mineral nutrients from digested prey, and partly overcome the nutrient limitation. Therefore, prey capture leads invariably to marked and significant growth increase as the main ecophysiological benefit of carnivory. Here, a novel functional-ecological approach of how to quantify growth benefit efficiency of carnivory is explained. It expresses plant growth increase due to prey catching or feeding per amount of N or P or K theoretically absorbed from prey (or applied in mineral solution onto the traps) in growth experiments.


SummaryAdmittance measurements are of increasing interest for the rapid quantitative assessment of the quality of sealing of anodized aluminium, and this paper describes a laboratory and production line investigation of this technique made using commercially available instruments. The effect on admittance values of factors such as time of sealing, temperature, pH and contamination level of the sealing water and use of nickel acetate sealing, as well as the effect of anodic film thickness and anodizing temperature, are described in comparison with accepted sealing tests such as the quantitative Kape test and dye stain tests. It is concluded that admittance measurement is a useful production control method for assessing sealing quality and that, under conditions generally used for production anodizing in Britain, a limit of 500/t microsiemens (where t is the anodic film thickness in μm) represents a reasonable acceptance level, which corresponds with the results of accepted sealing tests.


Ultrafine powders of (Pb0.93La0.07)(Zr0.60Ti0.40)O3 (hereafter designated as PLZT) have been synthesized from oxide powders using a high energy ball milling technique in air atmosphere. The powders milled in tungsten carbide vials using tungsten carbide balls were all about 30 nm in size. XRD revealed the formation of a significant amount of the perovskite PLZT phase at room temperature itself. TG-DTA and DSC studies were used to analyze the thermal properties of the nanopowders, in order to understand the reaction kinetics. The bulk ceramic samples were subjected to electrical poling, prior to performing resonance measurements on them, in order to determine the piezoelectric and electromechanical coupling coefficients. Poled samples exhibited large strains under the influence of applied electric fields, with limited hysteresis. In order to evaluate the reliability of the material for possible use as sensors and actuators, sintered specimens were subjected to mechanical property evaluation.


The invention discloses a wet-method copper extraction process which comprises the following steps of: (A), grounding copper oxide ore to prepare ore pulp, and grading ore pulp to obtain overflow ore pulp, wherein copper oxide ore comprises copper-containing mica; (B), adding concentrated sulphuric acid into overflow ore pulp and stirring to carry out acid leaching on overflow ore pulp at 45-85 DEG C; and (C), carrying out solid-liquid separation on acid leached ore pulp to obtain leachate, and extracting and electrically depositing leachate to obtain cathode copper. By utilizing the wet-method copper extraction process, the leaching efficiency of copper oxide ore comprising copper-containing mica can be greatly increased.


I Remember is a first-hand account of the world of black American music told by a man who has been part of that world for eighty years. Clyde E. B. Bernhardt worked with a number of bands, including King Oliver, Marion Hard, Cecil Scott, the Bascomb Brothers, and Joe Garland. He started his own band, the Blue Blazers, in 1946 and formed the Harlem Blues and Jazz Band in 1972. The book is a primary document that provides information about a part of the history of American music for which there is little documentation.


A core-graft transmission method has been used successfully for rapid screening of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) for resistance to sweet potato virus complex (SPVD). Field test scores of resistance to SPVD were significantly correlated with core-graft test scores (r = 0.60). A high broad sense heritability estimate of 0.95 ± 0.02 for resistance to SPVD was computed based on the core-graft test for 24 cultivars tested in one year, while a lower broad sense heritability (h2 = 0.48 ± 0.02) was estimated based on the field test for the same cultivars (except one) conducted at four locations for three years. Broad sense heritability estimates from diallel crosses ranged from 0.82 ± 0.02 to 0.98 ± 0.19. 'TIS 2498,' 'TIS 3228,' 'TIS 3053,' 'TIS 2544' and 'TIS 2534' sweet potato were resistant to SPVD.


[Objective]To examine smoking behaviors and associated factors among residents aged ≥ 15 years in Chongqing.[Methods]14 071 records of residents aged 15 years or over in Chongqing were drawn from database of the third National Health Service Survey of China,which was carried out in 2003 by multi-staged stratified cluster random sampling,and were investigated with questionnaire. Besides descriptive analysis,chi-square test and non-conditional logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with smoking.[Results]Overall,29.7% of residents aged 15 years or over in Chongqing were current smoker(58.3% of men,2.0% of women);the average cigarette consumption per person was 16.5 cigarettes per day(16.6 cigarettes/day for men,12.4 cigarettes/day for women);sex,nationality,age,marriage status,education,occupation and smoking regulation in family were statistically significant factors associated with smoking.[Conclusion]The prevalence rate of smoking among residents in Chongqing is high. It is urgent to apply effective intervention to control tobacco consumption and decrease diseases related to smoking.


The words "liberal" and "intellectual" have often provoked considerable semantical and ideological confusion, especially among those who bear both labels. The distinguished intellectual historian Paul Conkin told me not long ago that he had abandoned the use of "liberal" in his writing and lecturing as it was too vague. For all of its acclaim, including the Pulitzer Prize, Richard Hofstadter's Antiintellectualism in American Life contains only very general (and pious) descriptions of intellectuals, identifying them chiefly by their work, which allegedly possesses "disinterested intelligence, generalizing power, free speculation, fresh observation, creative novelty, radical criticism."' Albert Guerard, in a 266-page paean to the intellectual, defined him as "a man aware that he has an intellect, and resolved to make the most careful use of it."' Jacques Barzun's House of Intellect distinguishes intelligence from intellect in language so hazy and at the same time lovely as to virtually qualify it as poetry? We shall look loftily beyond this obscurity and discuss liberal intellectuals as though we understood who and what they are. My credentials for doing so derive from interviewing experiences in three research projects involving people who have been widely awarded the designation--with or without their consent. The first was a study of the Fund for the Republic, a unique and controversial tax-exempt foundation created in the McCarthy Era to defend civil liberties and expand civil rights. Among those interviewed were Robert M. Hutchins, W. H. Ferry, John Cogley, Joseph Lyford, Harvey Wheeler, Hallock Hoffman, Michael Harrington, Scott Buchanan, Sidney Hook, Walter Millis, Adam Yarmolinsky, Harry Ashmore, William O. Douglas, Rexford Tugwell, Bishop James Pike, and Dwight Macdonald.4


Big data (BD) analytics has brought progressive improvement in the business environment. It provides businesses with optimized production, personalization and improvement in the way production is dispersed. Nevertheless, conflicts arise in the use of these methods in certain industries, like retail items, which usually basis on large-scale production and prolonged supply chain. The study develops a theoretical structure to investigate if big data coupled with different production solutions can provide for a dispersed production system. Through investigation of twenty-one buyer products business instances applying secondary and main data, the study investigated changing production processes, the inherent catalyst, the function of analytics, and its effect on distributed production. The study discovers several uses of distributed manufacturing principles to evaluate the current production processes worked for larger customer product solutions by using analytics and industry analysis. The evaluation's suggested structure mentioned in this research has a deeper impact on planning, comprehension relationships, among factors of data analytics and distributed production.


Objective: To investigate the genotype and allele frequency of BTLA gene in breast cancer patients and healthy controls and to explore the association between the polymorphism of BTLA gene and the risk of breast cancer in the population of Heilongjiang province. Methods: A total of 280 patients with breast cancer and 262 normal control subjects were included in the study. We genotyped the single nucleotide polymorphisms of three SNPs in BTLA gene using PCR-RFLP and analyzed the differences between breast cancer patients and normal controls. Results: Three heterozygotes in BTLA gene SNP loci and an allele in intron (rs2705535) were significantly different between breast cancer patients and healthy controls (P0.05, OR 1.00) and the frequency in breast cancer patients was higher than that in the controls. There was significant differences in intron (rs2705535) SNP genotype GG between breast cancer patients and healthy controls (P 0.05, OR1.00) and the frequency in breast cancer patients was lower than that in the controls. No significant difference in the genotype and allele frequencies in other SNPs locus between breast cancer patients and healthy controls. Conclusion: The polymorphism in BTLA gene may be related to the risk of breast cancer in the population of Heilongjiang Province, China.


Although there has been a considerable amount of discussion of Michael Tooley's book Causation [2] in the literature, almost all of it has focussed on his views about laws of nature. The parts of the book that deal specifically with causation have received less attention. This is unfortunate, it seems to me, since Tooley's account of causation is an interesting one. The appearance of Tooley's new book Time, Tense, and Causation [3], in which the earlier theory reappears, somewhat modified, seems a good occasion to make good the deficit; in fact, the new book allows one to see more clearly some features of the theory that were not easy to pick out before. I will begin by giving a quick summary of Tooley's project. The relation Tooley wants to explicate is that of causal necessitation: for properties P and Q of spacetime points or regions, 'P>Q' means that the fact of any region x having property P wotdd causally necessitate an appropriately related slightly later region having property Q. Tooley argues against the possibility of giving a explicit definition of the causal relation of the form 'P>Q iff M(P,Q)' where M is free of causal vocabulary and the quantifiers of M range over objects and relations other than the causal relation itself. His own definition has the form of an implicit definition--that is,-it~takes the form '> is the unique relation R such that ...R...'. I f one uses this formula to write down a necessary and sufficient condition for 'P>Q' one gets 'P>Q iff (ER)(...R... & R(P,Q))', where now the quantifier must range over the causal relation itself. It is in virtue of this fact that Tooley counts his theory as a Realist theory and as non-reductionist too; Realist because it succeeds only i f there is a causal relation; non-reductionist because 'P>Q' is not a logical consequence of the noncausal facts about P and Q. The heart of Tooley's theory is what fills in the dots in the implicit definition: namely, various axioms about the probabilities of statements about R. Here are the two that will be concerning us I write them, following Tooley, in terms of > rather than a variable R, but the reader should bear in mind that the axioms are supposed to be not only true of the relation > but, when taken collectively, uniquely true of it.


The soluble catalyst system methylaluminoxane (MAO)-Ni(acac), (acac: acetylacetonate) gives polystyrene consisting of an amorphous (aPS) and a crystalline isotactic (ips) fraction. Al(CH3)3, which is always present in commercial samples of MAO, decreases both polymer yield and stereospecificity. The polymer yield increases with increasing the MAO/Ni ratio but, at the same time, the iPS/aPS ratio decreases. Addition of N(C2H5)3 (mole ratio N/Ni = 1) increases the proportion of the isotactic fraction, while it decreases the polymer yield. A tentative interpretation of the stereospecificity is reported.


The OEE metric, which is a machine production efficiency evaluation method, has been widely used in many industrial organizations. Since more and more manufacturing companies use MES (Manufacturing Execution System) to control their production line, the multitudinous services supported by an MES are according to different purposes, and the OEE metric is one of the services among them. It enables the manufacturers to view and check the machine working statement, for better machine maintenance and production efficiency. The purpose of this thesis is to explore how to develop an OEE prototype, which will be used as a module in an MES, and to show the prototype's usability. It was inspired during an internship at Productionsoftware, a company located in Lahti, Finland. As a result, this thesis gives a detailed solution of how to create an OEE prototype and explains its usefulness in brief.


Vertical and horizontal current sensors based on magnetic force sensing are presented. The proposed sensors are to be used for switched current testing in power devices with high switched currents above amperes. Novel vertical magnetic sensing structures present the advantage of elimination of the undesired voltage reduction and compatibility with the power device control electronics. Various modifications of magnetic sensors architectures, designs and physical implementations on chip are presented. Several sensor versions were designed in 1.0 μm BiCMOS technology.


We present the first major systematic study of land snail diversity on green roofs. We surveyed 27 green roofs and the adjacent ground habitat in six major cities in the southeastern United States. We found a total of 18 species of land snails, with three considered to be non-native, invasive species. The majority of land snails encountered in surveys are widespread, generalist species, typically adapted to open habitats. Twelve of the land snails encountered are "greenhouse" species that are very commonly transported via the horticultural trade. Therefore, we infer that at least some land snail species are introduced to green roofs via initial green roof installation and associated landscaping. Additionally, some similarity between roof and ground populations indicates dispersal from nearby ground habitats. The major determinants of snail species diversity and community composition are largely derived from local environmental conditions that are significantly correlated to the quality of green roof maintenance regime and plant diversity. Roof area, height, and age are seemingly not significant characteristics that dictate land snail species richness.


When GIS disconnect switcher is operated,the electric arc breakdown and reigniting between switchgear contacts will produce very fast transient over-voltage(VFTO).VFTO is characterized by high peak value,short rise time and wide frequency range.The transient electromagnetic field that generated by VFTO would coupling on the secondary cable through space or conducting.a dedicated measurement system that suit for strong electromagnetic environment was developed,and the system could be used to measure the induced voltage on secondary cable caused by VFTO on the UHV GIS apparatus,then the induced voltage in time domain and frequency domain was analyzed.The frequency domain model of the shielded cable that combined transmission line method with field-to-line theory was established.The study result shows that in the condition of both grounded at the two ends or grounded at the control room side,the disturbance voltage on the secondary cable is significantly inhibited.The measurement and simulation results could be the reference for the research on the secondary system in UHV GIS substation.


Nowadays, digital technology has generated a new dimension to information as it is being turn out to be a prime commodity. In addition, connections of networks have attributed to the fast communication with a 'real time' feeling among people across the world. Due to the rapid development and distribution of digital media over the last two decades, access to this media has become crucial to being an active player in our contemporary society. If the gap is to be reduced then accessibility of the ICTs must be there because it is Digital access which divides the society not the Digital technology as technology integrates the society. If anything is not standardized and only applied then result will be questionable. So we are in the process of research with the objective of developing a scale on Digital empowerment. In the present investigation Digital empowerment is operationally defined as "a process through which an individual is making fit to the digital technology and harvesting the maximum potentials of the technology with reference to Psychological, Economical, Legal, and Technical access". Thus, a scale based on summated rating (likert technique) on Digital empowerment will be developed by taking into consideration of these components by following the steps mentioned below:


As tourism and Internet economy mix together, more and more people acquire travel information through travel online community, and it has greatly promoted knowledge sharing in the community. Therefore, it is of great importance to research on this behavior. This paper, on the basis of existed literatures and in-depth interviews, took theory of social exchange and social cognition theory into consideration and chose users from 6 famous Chinese travel online communities as the respondents. An equation model was set up to analyze the influential factors and influence mechanism of knowledge sharing in travel online community. The results showed that opportunity cost has a negative impact on knowledge sharing wish while trust and reciprocity have positive impacts on it; and sharing wish has a positive impact on sharing behavior. In the end, this paper offered some suggestions for the management and operation of knowledge sharing in travel online community.


The forced variation of reaction parameters is a known method to improve the performance of catalytic reactors leading to process intensification. The most often experimentally varied parameters so far were the reactant concentrations or pressure. Due to the high thermal inertia of conventional reactors it was almost impossible to achieve fast periodic reproducible temperature changes. However, it has been proven theoretically that fast periodic temperature variations may increase the reaction rate compared to the stationary temperature conditions.The possibility to thermally cycle microstructured stainless steel reactors in a periodic way with temperature differences of up to 60 K and a frequency as high as 0.06 Hz has been demonstrated. This gives the opportunity to study the influence of fast temperature changes on heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase reactions. The catalytic CO oxidation over Pt supported on Al2O3 was chosen as a test reaction. The concentrations of CO, O2 and CO2 were monitored online at the reactor outlet using FTIR and mass spectrometry. The experimental measurements under non-stationary temperature conditions have shown an increase in the measured CO2 concentration compared with the one under temperature stationary conditions. For a temperature oscillation frequency of 0.048 Hz with an amplitude of 38 K, the mean CO2 concentration is 1.72 times higher than the mean value obtained under quasi-stationary conditions. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is an increase of the reaction rate due to the presence of a transitional reactive species surface coverage resulting from the temperature oscillations.


A multitiered sculpture entitled The Illuminated Crowd adorns a popular street in Montreal. The sculpture depicts a diverse group of people confronting a new idea. The people on the foremost tier, where the sunlight shines brightest, are best positioned to see and appreciate the idea for what it is. There is a collective attention among them, with all eyes concentrating on the spectacle ahead. Yet, the view forward is increasingly obscured for people standing on the lower tiers. Heavy shadows gradually swell and eventually blanket those positioned furthest behind, leaving them seemingly disorganized, disengaged, and directionless. The spread of new scientific insights bears a resemblance to the narrative embodied by this sculpture. New ideas rarely penetrate society deeply enough to impact all of its members uniformly. Even seemingly well-known strategies for promoting greater happiness, health, and longevity are not embraced or enacted by everyone. Indeed, there are discernible impediments, both personal and structural in nature, that influence how and by whom new ideas are accessed, construed, and utilized. Thus, whenever scholars advance promising new ideas, a parallel need emerges to consider the barriers that prevent it from being fully actualized by all potential beneficiaries. In what follows, I attend to this need in the context of Malin, Ballard, and Damon's target article [this issue], by first acknowledging the insights they advance and then considering some potential impediments to the proliferation of those insights. I take this approach not to leverage opposition to the ideas they put forward but instead to add further dimensionality to them in hopes of broadening their impact.


FIELD: medicine, pharmaceutical composition containing solid-amorphous dispersion of drug and polymer. SUBSTANCE: claimed method includes a) providing of drier equipped with atomizer, connected with drying chamber, wherein drying chamber has inlet and outlet; b) production of spraying solution by dissolution of poor soluble drug and polymer in solvent; c) spraying of said solution though atomizer to drying chamber to produce drops with average volume of less than 500 mum; d) passing of drying gas through inlet at flow rate and temperature (Tinlet) sufficient to solidify of abovementioned drops and to produce of target dispersion for 20 sec or less; wherein said dispersion provides either increased concentration or accelerated dissolution of abovementioned poor soluble drug in said polymer. Feeding rate of spraying solution is at least 10 kg/h, and Toutlet of drying gas is less then boiling point of said solvent. Drying gas additionally contains said solvent in vapor form. EFFECT: homogenous solid dispersions with low levels of residual solvent. 13 cl, 5 tbl, 6 dwg, 8 ex


Diamonds and filler are pre-bonded by hi-frequency induction heating in rotary way,and then are made into brazed diamond mounted point. Test results indicate that the diamond and the filler,as well as the filler and the matrix,are metallurgically bonded. When grinding household ceramic tiles with diamond mounted points made through hi-frequency brazing,those made in rotary way is better than those made in non-rotary way.


Background: Schwannoma is the most common migrating tumor in the intradural space. Case Description: We present a patient with migrating schwannoma of the cauda which admitted with buttock and thigh pain since 2 years ago. On two preoperative lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), he had a L2/3 disc herniation concomitant with the intradural extra-axial mass at level of the L1/2 disc on the first MRI and then on the second one, his mass was just posterior to the L3 vertebral body, 22 months later. During the surgical resection of the mass, we found it just posterior to the L2 body. In the literature, we found no accompaniment of migrating intradural spinal mass with adjacent intervertebral disc herniation caused by a double-level cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) blockade, as it was with our case. On serial imaging, we have seen the mass above and then below the level of CSF blockade, resulting from an extra-dural disc herniation. Conclusion: We think this rare case could promote a better understanding of the dynamic nature of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system within intradural space.


As citizens in a democracy we rely on the media to scrutinise the actions and decisions of those in power. We therefore need media that is independent and diverse; capable of putting the public interest above the interests of media owners – whether those owners are governments or shareholders. As members of the 'imagined community' we call Australia, we also need the media to provide spaces of national conversation: communication channels through which Australians in our myriad differences can find what we have in common by learning about and talking to each other. The failure to reinvent Australia's media policy to meet these needs in a new media age is putting the health of our democracy at risk.


From practical point of view, Refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures are widely used as working fluids in many industrial applications, such as refrigerators, heat pumps, and power plants the present work is devoted to evaluating seven cubic equations of state (EOS) in predicting gas and liquid phase volumetric properties of nine ozone-safe refrigerants both in super and sub-critical regions. The evaluations, in sub-critical region, show that TWU and PR EOS are capable of predicting PVT properties of refrigerants R32 within 2%, R22, R134a, R152a and R143a within 1% and R123, R124, R125, and TWU and PR EOS's, from literature data are 0.5% for R22, R32, R152a, R143a, and R125, 1% for R123, R134a, and R141b, and 2% for R124. Moreover, SRK EOS predicts PVT properties of R22, R125, and R123 to within aforementioned errors. The remaining EOS's predicts volumetric properties of this class of fluids with higher errors than those above mentioned which are at most 8%.In general, the results are in favor of the preference of TWU and PR EOS over other remaining EOS's in predicting densities of all mentioned refrigerants in both super and sub critical regions. Typically, this refrigerant is known to offer advantages such as ozone depleting potential equal to zero, Global warming potential equal to 140, and no toxic.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


A recent proposal to revise the relative configurations of the quinolizidine alkaloids anagyrine and thermopsine is refuted. 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift assignments of anagyrine which were published at the same time are erroneous, and assignments published slightly earlier by the present authors should be retained.


The Dutch National Model was revised during 1995 and 1996 in a task group consisting of representatives of the relevant institutes and universities in the Netherlands. The advanced model 'STACKS' was chosen as the model of departure. From an evaluation some modifications were agreed, in particular for the surface layer and the treatment of directional wind shear in the model. The resulting Reference Model will serve as a calibration standard for a simplified version meant for regulatory purposes.


We read the paper entitled 'The practice of regional anesthesia during the COVID19 pandemic: an international survey of members of three regional anesthesia societies' by Dr Uppal et al, with great interest. Increasingly, since the resumption of elective surgical activities at full capacity, patients, even recovered from severe forms of COVID19, are scheduled for interventions. Pulmonary sequalae related to SARSCoV2 infection are increasingly numerous and raise questions about correct anesthetic management in order to ensure patient safety. Persistence of symptoms and/or complications observed long term after COVID19 infection have been defined as the postCOVID19 chronic syndrome. This is a collective term for symptoms and physiological features that persist beyond 12 weeks after acute COVID19 onset. In fact, up to 75% of patients may not regain normal health even when recovered from COVID19. In 15% and 7% of cases, pulmonary complications display restrictive and obstructive patterns, respectively. Furthermore, the postCOVID19 syndrome includes major respiratory complications (pulmonary fibrosis; arterovenous thrombosis) as well as minor ones (bronchiectasis, lung cavitations and pneumothorax). Consequently, what could be common with other respiratory conditions is the diagnostic pathway, especially the ones used for interstitial lung diseases, mainly based clinical, radiological and pathological data. From a prognostic standpoint, similarly to acute respiratory distress syndrome, it has been postulated that lung abnormalities after COVID19 will diminish over time but do not disappear completely. Thus, in order to truly establish COVID19's societal impact, we need longer studies (at least 36 months), reporting longitudinally the radiological, clinical and functional data at baseline and their change over time. Because of the aforementioned reasons, the postCOVID patient turns out to be a complex patient who needs accurate preoperative evaluation with pulmonary capacity tests and lung imaging. When surgery is planned, regional anesthesia (RA) option should play a key role (due to its lower impact on respiratory function and dynamics), thereby avoiding the risks of general anesthesia and mechanical ventilation on impaired lungs. However, in light of the epidemic nature of the virus, what we know of the latter may represent only the tip of an iceberg which hides beneath the surface a heterogenous mix of patients, comorbidities and potential complications. Therefore, when confronted with COVID19 and postCOVID-19 patients, personalised patient care centered around the use of RA should be implemented in order to ensure the best outcome possible.


Advancements in research and innovation on Smart IoT technology have provided quality of life to physical and visually impaired users. However, deploying Man-In-the-Middle (MITM) attacks on IoT devices that use Long Range Wide Area Networks (LoRaWAN) has increased exponentially due to the high user demand and increased access to the internet. As a result, there is a high probability of user data being exploited, especially on visually impaired user IoT devices, by penetrating the network devices leading to cyberattacks such as remote access, extortion, sabotage, and loss of internet access. This paper explores the methods used by threat actors to deploy MITM attacks on IoT devices that use LoRaWAN to detect vulnerabilities, understand attack patterns and assist in understanding human factors in cyber security. The contribution of this paper is threefold: First, we review the existing attacks on IoT devices and their impact on visually impaired users. Secondly, we implement a MITM attack using an open-source tool to exploit the LoRaWAN to determine the vulnerabilities. Finally, we recommend a control mechanism to improve security. The results show that the MITM attack can be replicated on devices, demonstrating the importance of creating more robust security to prevent information or identity theft without the user's permission.


The effect of electrohydrodynamic (EHD) disintegration of charged droplets can be used to enhance transfer processes in charged double phase gas/drops systems. The numerical calculations of the possible mass and heat transfer during charged droplet EHD disintegrations are carried out. The influence of one time loss of charge and mass on the transfer phenomena is investigated. The conditions of the stability of daughter droplet and instability of siblings after disintegration of the mother droplet are taken into consideration. The limit of the number of EHD disintegrations which needs to be taken into consideration in the calculations is discussed.


Introduction:
 Endovascular treatment (EVT), in particular mechanical thrombectomy, has dramatically improved the clinical outcome of patients with large vessels occlusion (LVO) of the anterior circulation. In contrast, the benefits of EVT cannot be applied to lacunar strokes (LS). The absence of a LVO in LS has been historically associated with a more favorable outcome, but in the new era of EVT, this assumption may not be correct anymore. We aimed to test the general assumption that LS have a better prognosis than other stroke subtypes, and analyze the outcome of LS treated with IVT as compared to strokes with LVO treated with IVT and/or mechanical thrombectomy in the multicentric Swiss Stroke Registry.

 Methods:
 retrospective propensity score matching analysis of patients from the Swiss stroke registry (SSR) with lacunar stroke treated with thrombolysis versus LVO of the medial cerebral artery treated with EVT (with or without thrombolysis). Primary endpoint was a shift analysis of mRs at 90 days after stroke. Secondary outcomes were favorable functional outcome (mRS 0-1), independence (mRS 0-2), survival with high disability (mRS 3-5) and mortality (mRS 6) at 90 days.

 Results:
 From 13'227 patients, the propensity score method matched (sex, age, NIHSS, time to treatment, prior anticoagulation, pre-stroke modified Rankin Score, mRs) 538 patients (269 in each group. There was no difference between groups in mRs shift analysis at 90 days after stroke (OR=0.99, 95%CI=0.73-1.35, p=0.952). There was also no significant difference in mRS 0-1 (59.9% vs 55.8% respectively; OR=0.79, 95%CI=0.55-1.16, p=0.75). LS+IVT patients showed a non-significant trend towards mRS 3-5 (OR=1.23, 95%CI=0.78-1.94, p=0.38), while patients treated with EVT had a slightly, non-significant, higher mortality (6.3% vs 1.9%, p=0.38).

 Conclusions:
 Lacunar strokes - which cannot directly benefit from thrombectomy therapy - when treated with IVT and matched on key prognostic variables, seem to have similar outcomes as LVO strokes treated with EVT. This observation confirms that lacunar stroke is not a benign entity and therefore suggests that reperfusion therapy should be addressed with the same intensity as LVO stroke.


This study will contribute to the debate on the role of the preservice cooperating teacher mentor (mentor) by giving readers a snapshot of how a mentor defined her role and how the preservice teacher candidates (trainees) learned from her unconventional approach to mentoring. From the first day, in the case study classroom, trainees were encouraged to take over the class. This study suggests that a 'catalyst event' reshaped the entire student teaching experience. By accelerating the process of the trainee taking on the teaching role, the comentoring phase of the mentoring relationship, during which both the mentor and trainee reap the benefits of an interactive, reciprocal, mutually beneficial relationship, was elongated. What can be learned from this 'into the fray on the first day' approach that is of value and transferable to preservice mentoring practices in other settings?


We consider the emphatic temporal-difference (TD) algorithm, ETD(λ), for learning the value functions of stationary policies in a discounted, finite state and action Markov decision process. The ET...


A web-based robot control system interface is designed. This interface can be used by users to control the motion of target robot, observe 3D model, and monitor the real-time value of the robot joints through PC or mobile device. The advantage of this system lies in its versatility and portability, allowing users to open the interface to control target robot in any place. This system mainly uses robot operating system (ROS), Html 5, C++, JavaScript and PHP technology. JavaScript library provided by ROS authority is used to build the front-end interface. PHP is used to create a user registration login system. Ros3djs is used to realize the establishment of dynamic model of robot simulation. The C++ library provided by ROS is used to synchronize the communication between the ROS node and the robot. Finally, the human-computer interaction system of the 16-DOF robotic hand is successfully implemented. According to the results, the system has good interactivity, versatility and portability.


This paper summarizes a study on the prospects and challenges of apprenticeship training programs for vocational students from schools in India. The study explores the current state of vocational education in India and the potential benefits of apprenticeship programs for students. It also discusses the challenges faced by the implementation of such programs, including the lack of coordination between educational institutions and industry, inadequate infrastructure, and inadequate regulatory framework. The study concludes that apprenticeship training programs have the potential to address the skills gap in India's workforce and improve the employability of vocational students, but significant efforts are needed to overcome the existing challenges and create a more supportive ecosystem for apprenticeship training programs in India.


This essay discusses Chinese minority nationalities taboos on menstruation and their custom(about) women.Some root causes for these taboos are examined in detail.


The aim of the research concerning "Effects of Milk Fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp., on lactic and acetic acid content, and on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa", were to know the lactic and acetic acid content in this probiotic yoghurt, and also the effect to the pathogenic bacteria, e.g. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results indicated that the probiotic yoghurt has lower lactic acid content than the control, but the acetic acid content was higher than the control; and also has ability as bio-preservative against the pathogenic bacteria.


In ves ti gat ing do lo mite frag ments de rived from pre-ex ist ing do lo mite-con tain ing sed i ments or rocks, that is de tri tal dolomites, con sti tutes a chal lenge in car bon ate sedimentology. De tri tal dolomites are gen er ally dif fi cult to rec og nize and their pres ence can have pro found con se quences, even in small quan ti ties, on the in ter pre ta tion of the tectonosedimentary evo lu tion and palaeoenvironmental con di tions of the en clos ing ba sin. In ad di tion, iden ti fi ca tion and quan ti fi ca tion of de tri tal dolomites may pro vide in sight into prov e nance and sed i ment trans por ta tion, qual ity of hy dro car bon res er voirs, and some as pects of the do lo mite prob lem. Typ i cally, de tri tal dolomites are rec og nized by their clastic be hav iour, such as 1) their wide range of grain sizes and shapes, 2) ev i dence for trans por ta tion and weath er ing, and 3) their as so ci a tion with other de tri tal grains. De tri tal do lo mite can be de rived from do lo mite-con tain ing sed i ments (by re work ing) or do lo mite-con tain ing rocks (by dis in te gra tion) and can be trans ported by var i ous means in clud ing wind, wa ter, gla ciers and sed i ment grav ity flows. De tri tal do lo mite can be found in a va ri ety of lithofacies con firm ing that they are con trolled by avail abil ity of do lo mite de tri tus and not by depositional en vi ron ment. The role of de tri tal do lo mite in pro mot ing diagenetic dolomitisation is ex am ined whereby they have pro vided nu cle ation sites, for syntaxial over growth, or a source of Mg, through dis so lu tion.