The pain and anguish over the December murders of dozens of innocent people — primarily young children in their elementary school classrooms — in Newtown, Conn., still lingers. Inconceivable, unimaginable and impossible are but a few words that manage to climb their way into consciousness. We will never know what caused the killer to unleash hell's fury through the barrel of a gun. We do know that the lights of the victims are forever darkened. We will never know what their lives could have been.


Concrete edge failure often governs the failure of anchorages, which are installed close to the concrete edge and are loaded in shear perpendicular towards the edge. The design provisions for concrete edge failure given in the current codes are rather limited in applicability. Only anchorages arranged in a rectangular pattern are allowed. For anchorages without hole clearance, the maximum permissible anchor pattern is with three anchors in a row, and for anchorages with hole clearance, a maximum of only two anchors in a row is allowed. Furthermore, for anchor groups with multiple anchor rows loaded in shear perpendicular to the edge, the failure load may be calculated by assuming the failure crack initiating from the front anchor row (EN1992-4) or by assuming the failure crack initiating from the back anchor row (fib Bulletin 58, ACI 318). No design guidelines exist for non-rectangular anchor configurations. In such cases, the design is based on engineering judgement. In this study, experimental and numerical investigations were performed on anchor groups of triangular and hexagonal configurations to study the concrete edge failure. It was observed that the failure crack always initiates from the back anchor row, even in case of anchor groups, where the first cracking is associated with the first anchor row. The first cracking may have an influence on the displacement behaviour of the group, which might limit the design in SLS. However, this is dependent on the displacement behaviour of individual anchors within the group, edge distance, spacing and hole clearance.


Aspects of egg laying by isolated Aplysia californica and egg release from ovotestis fragments were compared under laboratory conditions. The volume of eggs laid per episode increased as a function of time since the previous episode of egg laying. Egg output in vivo and egg release in vitro were maximal in autumn and minimal in spring, but a factor in the parietovisceral ganglion evoked egg release from ovotestis fragments throughout the year. These data are consistent with previous studies which have suggested that the effects of season and egg-laying history on egg laying involve substantial changes in the ovotestis.


ANN technology is being widely used in many fields, Based on the analysis of artificial neural network, a method using multi-sensor in an improved artificial neural network is put forward for the error compensation and control of crude oil measurement model, experimental data are used to verify the result.


The theory of belief functions is an effective theoretical framework for modeling and reasoning of uncertain information. A key problem in the application is the basic belief assignment (BBA) determination. Since the parameters in the traditional attribute interval number based BBA determination method are based on simple counting of acquired data, and some parameters are fixed to empirical values, there is still some space for further improvement. In this paper, the attribute interval numbers together with the parameters are learnt and optimized based on training samples for determining better BBAs. Experimental results show that through the learning-based method, one can achieve a more reasonable BBA modeling, which can be helpful to the applications of fusion based pattern classification.


We consider open multi-agent systems, which are systems subject to frequent arrivals and departures of agents while the studied process takes place. We study the behavior of all-to-all pairwise gossip interactions in such open systems. Arrivals and departures of agents imply that the composition and size of the system evolve with time, and in particular prevent convergence. We describe the expected behavior of the system by showing that the evolution of scale-independent quantities can be characterized exactly by a fixed-size linear dynamical system. We apply this approach to characterize the evolution of the two first moments (and thus also of the variance) for open systems of fixed and variable size. Our approach is based on the continuous-time modelling of random asynchronous events impacting the systems (gossip steps, arrivals, departures, and replacements), and can be extended to other types of events.


India is an agricultural based country. In order to feed the ever growing populations, India has to increase the per unit area productivity. According to united Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimations, the average demand for the agricultural commodities will be 60% higher in 2030 than present time and more than 85% of this additional demand will be from developing countries, for over half a century, the world has relied on the concept of increasing crop yields to supply an ever increasing demand of food. Therefore, vertical expansion of food production is necessary. In order to increase the unit area productivity of agricultural land, the role of different crop nutrients in contributing increased crop yields is vital. Among the crop nutrients, nitrogen as well as phosphorus plays an important role in increasing the productivity. In the last century, chemical fertilizers were introduced and this made farmers to be happy of getting increased yield in agriculture in the beginning. But slowly chemical fertilizer started displaying their ill effects such as leaching, polluting water basins, destroying microorganisms and friendly insects, making the crop more susceptible to the attack of diseases, reducing the soil fertility and thus causing irrepairable damage to the overall system.


A railroad brake shoe may include a friction element made by combining a number of materials so as to produce the required frictional characteristics for railroad braking. Heretofore, such friction elements commonly contained materials such as lead and asbestos. These two elements may have toxic characteristics under certain circumstances and therefore are suspect. To safely handle these suspect materials has thus become most difficult and expensive. By this invention, a composition friction element, which meets the requirements of the railroad industry, includes a substantially reduced suspect material content, yet is competitive in performance and cost with other known products.


The growth of precarious employment coupled with declining social safety nets has increased economic insecurity among many households, leaving them without key resources to weather financial hardships like those brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. This has been especially true for people whose disabilities, health statuses, and already precarious economic situations have made them extra vulnerable. We combine survey (N = 1,027) and interview (N = 50) data for Canadians with disabilities and chronic health conditions to explore how mobilizing four types of institutional supports connected to labor markets, financial markets, family, and government influenced perceptions of current and future insecurity during crisis. Because employment income was only available to about half of our respondents, many relied on a combination of savings, family supports, and government programs to make up the difference. This paper demonstrates how marginalized groups make use of different supports within liberal welfare states during times of crisis.


The only known simple alternative rings which are not associative are the Cayley algebras. Every such algebra has a scalar extension which is isomorphic over its center F to the algebra where . The elements e 11 and e 00 are orthogonal idempotents an , for every x ij of . The multiplication table of C is then completed by the relations


An instant sweet tea is produced as follows: first, an extract with main component of the compound of diterpene glycoside is extracted from sweet tea plant by using the alcohol or water extraction method, then beta-cyclodextrin or pectin or maltodextrin by wt. of 1:1.4-3 is added to make up the instant sweet tea powder. The said tea powder has high sweetness, easy solubility, convenience for drinking, long storage and may be used in the fields of food, beverage, and medicine, especially suitable for diabetes patient.


Fernández-Durán and Gregorio-Domínguez (2014) defined a family of probability distributions for a vector of circular random variables by considering multiple nonnegative trigonometric sums. These distributions are highly flexible and can present many modes and skewness. Several operations on these multivariate distributions are translated into operations on the vector of parameters; for example, marginalization involves the calculation of the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of a matrix and, independence among subsets of the elements of the vector of circular variables translates to a case in which the vector of parameters is the Kronecker product of the corresponding subsets of the vector of parameters. An alternative parameter estimation algorithm for high-dimensional circular data is presented and applied to a real dataset on wind directions.


The effects of spatial localization of reaction on the stability of a crossingly controlled enzyme reaction system are explored. Throe typos of localizations are derived. The two cases of them are proved to be stable on account of some spatially averaging effects. The last case is a generalization of the models of Glass and Kauffman (1972) and Thames (1973), having the localized source terms driven by the distant signals. For this case instability criteria are obtained by the frequency domain analysis and an approximate limit cycle solution is given.


The developing discourse which moves assessment away from a measurement model towards one of learner empowerment and the development of assessment for lifelong learning sets the context for this article. The aim was to investigate the effect of selfassessment on foreign language learners' oral performance ability. Twenty EFL students of foreign language institutes in Tokyo participated in the study. They were divided into an experimental group and a control group, based on the results of English oral performance pretests. The research instrument consisted of a selfassessment checklist containing subcategories related to the organization of the presentation, content, linguistic factors (vocabulary use, grammatical rules and pronunciation) and interaction with the audience. It was developed as a result of interviewing participants and their teachers and then adapting results based on the results of reviewing available checklists in the literature. The data were collected by the experimental group members' selfassessments of their 6 oral performances and the teacher's assessment of their performances. The obtained data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential methods. Results indicated that participating in self-assessment process had positive effect on learners' oral performance ability.


A study of a wide variety of Australian wools shows that their specific gravity varies about a mean of 1.3042, with a standard deviation between wools of 0.0028. This variability has a negligible effect on the accuracy of the air-flow method of measuring the diameter of wool samples.


In late 2019, the unique severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as COVID-19, first emerged in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China and quickly spread throughout the world. Until June 30, 2022, a total of 4,566,055 cases of COVID-19 have been reported in Malaysia, with 35,765 deaths and 4,500,856 recovered cases. This study aims to generalise a deterministic SIR model with vital dynamics for understanding the proliferation of infectious diseases. The SIR model with vital dynamics is more realistic in mimicking reality than the basic SIR model because it can determine the dynamic behaviours of COVID-19 over a more extended period. The SIR model utilises vital dynamics with unequal birth and death rates. Furthermore, the SIR model with vital dynamics is rescaled with the total time-varying population and analysed according to its epidemic condition. The results indicated that the number of infected individuals would peak about 10 - 15 days and reach their steady state about 25 - 60 days. The findings of this research may help policymakers establish, plan, and implement effective COVID-19 pandemic response strategies.


【Objective】 Primary sugars and organic acids of different apple cultivars were analyzed.The results could provide a theoretical basis for quality evaluation and quality improvement in apple.【Method】 HPLC(High Performance Liquid Chromatography) method was used to measure the soluble sugar and organic acid contents of 12 apple cultivars in this study.【Result】 The results indicated that the soluble sugars in apple fruit flesh included fructose,sucrose,glucose,and sorbitol,of which fructose content was much more than other sugars.Four apple cultivars(Qinguan,Starkrimson,FujiⅠand FujiⅡ) expressed the pattern of fructoseglucosesucrosesorbitol,however,the pattern of the other 8 apple cultivars(Hirosaki Fuji,Golden delicious,Huaguan,Pink Lady,Jonagold,Pinova,Jonathan,Granny Smith)was fructosesucroseglucosesorbitol;the organic acids in apple fruit flesh included malic acid,succinic acid,oxalix acid,citric acid,tartaric acid and acetic,of which the malic acid was the dominant one.The value of sweetness/acids in the cultivars(Qinguan,Huaguan) was higher(400),while in the cultivars(Golden delicious,Hirosaki Fuji,FujiⅠ,FujiⅡ,Jonagold) it was from 200 to 400,and in the cultivars(Starkrimson,Granny Smith,Jonathan,Pinova,Pink Lady) it was lower(200).【Conclusion】 The main soluble sugars in the cultivars(Hirosaki Fuji,FujiⅠ,FujiⅡ,Qinguan,Golden delicious,Jonagold,Starkrimson,Pinova,Huaguan)was fructose,the main soluble sugars in the cultivars(Pink Lady,Granny Smith,Jonathan) were fructose and sucrose;the main organic acid in 12 kinds of apple cultivars was malic acid.The value of sweetness/acids was an important indicator influencing the sweet and sour flavors of apple fruit.


Minimum intensity projection algorithm has been proposed for 3D characterization of particles in real-time. In this paper, we experimentally explored the accuracy of particle size detection and maximum particle density that the algorithm could handle.


Aims and objective: To determine normal blood pressure (BP) in apparently healthy, asymptomatic school children in the age group of 6–16 years and to determine the correlation of BP values with different sex, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) and also to find out prevalence of hypertension in school going population. Materials and methods: This prospective, observational study enrolled 3,302 urban children (1,658 boys and 1,644 girls) in the age group of 6–16 years. These were analyzed to study the distribution pattern of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at different ages, sex, weight, height, and BMI. The SBP and DBP were noted as per age and sex. The association was seen between mean SBP and mean DBP with weight, height, and BMI. Information was collected about the family history of hypertension and was correlated with the obtained SBP and DBP readings. Results: The mean SBP in males at 6 years was 99.69 ± 3.62 mm of Hg, at 10 years was 102.20 ± 2.16 mm of Hg, and at 16 years was 115.33 ± 1.26 mm of Hg. The mean SBP in females at 6 years was 96.55 ± 2.86 mm of Hg, at 10 years was 101.16 ± 2.12 mm of Hg, and at 16 years was 112.41 ± 1.06 mm of Hg. The correlation coefficient for relationship between age and SBP in males and females was 0.89 and 0.91, respectively, and for DBP was 0.92 and 0.90, respectively. The correlation coefficient for relationship between height and SBP in males and females was 0.91 and 0.93, respectively, and for DBP was 0.92 and 0.88, respectively. The correlation coefficient for relationship between weight and SBP in males and females was 0.92 and 0.92, respectively, and for DBP was 0.94 and 0.91, respectively. In the nomogram obtained in the study, 95% of study population fall between mean +2SD and −2SD. Conclusion: The blood pressure (BP) (SBP and DBP) tends to increase with age, weight, height, and BMI. The BP values (SBP and DBP) increases grossly after 11 years of age. The students with positive family history of hypertension had higher valve when compared to other student. The BP of children and adolescents can be evaluated using the reference table according to age. The table provided helps to classify as "normal" or "hypertension" (>+2SD).


In the Arabidopsis two-component signaling, the signal is
transfered from sensor histidine kinase via
histidine-containing phosphotransfer proteins (AHP1-5) to
nuclear response regulators. Here we show the receiver domain
of histidine kinase CYTOKININ-INDEPENDENT1 (CKI1RD) interacts
in vivo and in vitro with AHP2, 3 and 5 with different
affinities. To unravel the molecular determinants of observed
specificity, we determined crystal structure of free CKI1RD and
CKI1RD in complex with magnesium ions. Dynamics of CKI1RD
solution structure has been studied in details by NMR in
absence or presence of magnesium ions and beryllium fluoride.


Rotary wing aerodynamics represents a widely investigated topic due to this discipline's large number of applications in several fields of engineering and physics [...]


The context of the 14 works (dissertations and theses) analyzed in this article is the Brazilian Health System - Sistema Unico de Saude – in that which refers to its public services. The Family Health Program is the most recurrent theme and, following this, the work which focuses on the study of health agents that use popular education in their educational activities. In all of them the education agents were health professionals, connected to public service. Qualitative methodology predominated with the intention of showing the relevance and potential of educational work in health.
The studies draw a picture that reveals the dynamism found in the development of sanitation practices with an educational characteristic at the local level, and its potential, in spite of the many limitations explicitly made evident, while showing this important interface between health and education that demands continuous investigation.


Recently, sparse representation based classification [4] was successfully applied to face recognition. In SRC, the testing samples are represented as a sparse linear combination of the training samples and then classified according to the reconstruction error. The key of SRC is solving a Lasso problem. However, Lasso tends to select only one sample from a group of correlated training samples. Indeed, group-clustered sparsity rather than only sparsity is preferred, especially in highly correlated samples. In this paper, we proposed an automatic grouping sparse representation based face recognition algorithm. In this algorithm, the basic sparse representation model Lasso is replaced with the automatic grouping sparse representation model OSCAR, which make the non-zero coefficients of the solution grouped automatically on the highly correlated samples and keep the sparsity as well. Experiments on the benchmark datasets Extended Yale B and AR show that the algorithm proposed in this paper achieve better recognition rate and is more robust than the basic SRC.


Although studies of myxomycetes in plantations have started to appear in the last few years, some agroecosystems with homogenous vegetation remain unexplored. This holds true for rice agroecosystems. A study comparing the occurrence of myxomycetes in organic and conventional rice fields in the province of Cotabato was carried out in rice farms in the municipalities of Kabacan and Midsayap. Ground and aerial litters were randomly collected from rice fields to set up moist chamber cultures. Three cosmopolitan species of myxomycetes are reported in this study, namely Arcyria cinerea, Diderma hemisphaericum, and Perichaena depressa. Moist chambers set up with rice litter substrates from organic fields showed significantly higher percentage yield than moist chambers with the substrates from conventional rice farms. This study is the first to explore the distribution of myxomycetes in rice agroecosystems of the Philippines and to compare different farming practices.


As I have constructed these in recent years, this review runs "In reverse" from skeletal muscle retrograde to the motor neuron. All studies were published in 2019 or 2020, and within one year of preparation of this bulleted syllabus. I focus mainly on management issues but there is a bit of pathogenesis mixed in. I hope the review provides a framework for some of the advances in our field in the last year.


A series of 1-Phenyl, 5-pyrrol- pyrazole derivatives (7a-7f) have been synthesized. The structures of these compounds were established by IR, 1H NMR, Mass spectral data and elemental analysis. Compounds were evaluated for their in-vivo analgesic and anti inflammatory activity. Derivatives 7b and 7c exhibited good anti inflammatory activity in carrageenan- induced rat paw edema compared with the standard drug diclofenac sodium. Keywords: Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Diclofenac sodium, Pyrazole


Drawing on Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT), funds of knowledge, and third space, this article presents a model for practitioners and researchers to think about how Latina/o, bilingual children develop explicit mathematics strategies through multilingual and multigenerational interactions. Using data collected through fieldwork in an urban afterschool club, this article illustrates how nonschool activities that draw on children's funds of knowledge (especially Spanish use) can foster robust problem-solving interactions. When activities are purposefully designed to build on productive tensions between the sometimes conflicting goals of participants, these "third spaces" lead to movement in the zone of proximal development. Multiple vignettes from the Counters game are presented to demonstrate how parents, undergraduates, and graduate students purposefully interact with children to facilitate movement from "informal" spaces to more "formal" spaces of mathematics. With the population of Latina/o bilingual children rapidly rising in urban schools throughout the United States, it is essential for practitioners and policy makers to adopt additive rather than subtractive views about the knowledge, linguistic, and cultural tool kits of Latina/o bilingual learners.


1974 Opium Smoking in Laos: A Survey of 40 Addicts. American Journal of Psychiatry 131:165 170. 1979 Medical and Nonmedical Treatment for Narcotic Addicts: A Comparative Study from Asia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders 167(4):205-211. 1980 Treatment for Narcotic Addiction in a Buddhist Monastery. Journal of Drug Issues 10:221-227. Westermeyer, J., and V. Walzer 1975 Drug Usage: An Alternative to Religion? Diseases of the Nervous System 36(9):492 495. Whithead, P. C. 1978 Acupuncture in the Treatment of Addiction: A Review and Analysis. Interestermeyer, J. 73 Folk Treatment for Opium Addiction in Laos. British Journal of Addic-


The working principle of multi-media centralized control system controlled by the computer by using the DTMF(dual tone multi-frequency) technique is introduced.The sound card is used to play the DTMF signal in order to control the multi-media equipment and realize all the functions of the multi-media controller.The method is simple and reliable,and the multi-media centralized control system can work automatically.


In this paper, we define a new technique for analysing attack graphs in order to protect networks and computer systems from the risks and threats that can affect them. Our approach is based on logic expression of attacks scenarios, generated by any tool, in order to obtain a minimal set of vulnerabilities to remove. After identifying the dependencies between these vulnerabilities we propose the best cost paths to remove. As a result, we obtain the deleted paths with a minimal cost.


The Dairy enterprise was selected for ergonomic intervention, as it was operative enterprise in all the selected adopted villages. Amongst all the dairy activities, milking activity was selected for technology intervention because it is strenuous activity. The Revolving stand to hold the milk pot at the time of milking was developed by AICRP VNMKV unit in order to reduce stress and strain of milk man due to fear in mind that milk will get spilt due to kick of animal. In order to improve the awkward posture of worker an experiment was conducted with a revolving stool for sitting milkman at the time of milking. When milking activity was performed by using newly developed tools such as revolving stand & stool, there was highly significant reduction in physiological cost of work (14 beats). The results of the on-job testing experiment showed that newly developed revolving stand and stool are easy to move, simple in fabrication, made out of locally available material and by local artisan. It is useful on uneven surfaces, suitable for any type of vessels, low cost, useful for resting the hands while taking break in milking and easy to handle, carry and store. It helps to avoid wastage of milk.


The authors investigate the beamforming (BF) problem to minimise the power consumption for the downlink 2-user multiple input single output-based non-orthogonal multiple access system. Inspired from the conventional zero-forcing (ZF) scheme, they propose the Half-ZF scheme which only mitigates the interference introduced by the signal of the cell-interior user through the ZF method. Meanwhile, the interference introduced by the signal of the cell-edge user is removed through the SIC technology. We derive the closed-form expression for the BF vectors of the two users under the Half-ZF scheme. The optimal power consumption for the Half-ZF scheme is analysed and the corresponding solution of the BF factors are also obtained. Compared with the conventional ZF scheme, both the Half-ZF scheme and the existing quasi-degradation (QD) scheme can achieve lower power consumption than the ZF scheme. However, the Half-ZF scheme can achieve this advantage under more relaxed conditions. Consequently, the Half-ZF scheme consumes lower power than the QD scheme when combined with the ZF scheme in practical systems.


A large body of evidence supports the key role of oxidized low-density lipoprotein in atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to compare the capacity of natural polyphenols (PP) from Vitis vinifera and Olea europea at protecting LDL against oxidation brought about by Cu 2+ , oxygen-centered radical-generating AAPH, or peroxynitrite-generating SIN-1 in vitro systems, or at impairing superoxide production in promonocyte cells (THP-1) conveniently differentiated into adherent macrophages. PP were either from the whole grape (fraction A) containing mainly procyanidins, (epi)-catechin and anthocyanins, or from grape seed extracts (fractions B and C) consisting of tannins and procyanidin oligomers with a higher content in B than in C, or from a grape skin extract (fraction D) consisting mainly of anthocyanins, or from a hydrosoluble olive mill wastewater PP extract (fraction E) containing hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein. Chlorogenic acid (F) and catechin (G) were taken as archetypes of PP preventing oxidation partly as copper scavenger and as radical scavenger only, respectively. All grape fractions were efficient towards Cu 2+ system (equally or more efficient than F), whereas they were rather poorly efficient towards AAPH and SIN-1 (less efficient than G but as efficient as F). Among the PP fractions, B was the most effective at protecting LDL in the SIN-1 system and at impairing THP-1 superoxide production. Taken together, these data suggest that the PP fraction from grape seed rich in procyanidins achieves the best compromise between the direct and indirect (i.e. cell-mediated) types of action in protecting LDL against oxidation, strengthening the need for improving the knowledge of its bioavailability in humans.


The development of low carbon economy refers to economic development under the constraint of the target of carbon emission reduction(CER) . The study explores the potential of CER and possible CER pathways in Yunnan province by which the CER′s negative impacts on economic growth can be minimized. The results show that the provincial economy of Yunnan is characterized with high energy consumption and high rate of carbon emission as its industries are dominated by natural resource based sectors and its energy use pattern is dominated by coal. The high rate of carbon emission also means a high potential for CER. Besides the status quos of energy use pattern and efficiency,the abundant natural resources can provide diversified possible pathways for CER. However,the low carbon economy cannot be developed without government′s promotion because of market failure.


The displacement characteristics of the applied voltage on porous-Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (P-PZT) are measured by the laser interferometry system. The static displacement characteristics are measured by applying DC voltage to avoid the interference from the various vibration modes. Also, the dynamic displacement characteristics are measured by applying AC voltage of the resonance frequency at 200 kHz. These displacement characteristics showed a dependence on the porosity of P-PZT, and the displacements increased as the porosity of P-PZT increased. P-PZT is applied to the echo sounder to evaluate the transmitting properties in water, and the improved transmitting sensitivity of 3.5 dB in reference to the conventional (nonporous) PZT, is obtained when the porosity of P-PZT is increased to 27%.


Nonequilibrium dynamics is a paramount scenario for studying quantum systems. The emer-gence of new features with no equilibrium counterpart, such as dynamical quantum phase transition (DQPT), has attracted wide attention. In this work, we depart from the well known Ising model and showcase an experimentally accessible configuration of a negatively charged Nitrogen-Vacancy center that interacts with nearby Carbon-13 nuclear spins. We provide new insights into this system in the context of DQPT. We show that nuclear spins undergo DQPT by appropriately choosing the relation between the transverse and longitudinal components of an external magnetic field. Fur-thermore, we can steer the DQPT via a time-dependent longitudinal magnetic field and apply this control to enhance the estimation of the coupling strength between the nuclear spins. Moreover, we propose a novel quenched dynamics that originates from the rotation of the central electron spin, which controls the DQPT relying on the anisotropy of the hyperfine coupling.


A at operation; it may cause nasal obstruction and require to be amputated in order to restore a normal airway. This paper describes the case of a patient with a large infected cyst (pyocoele) of the middle turbinate, which required to be removed via a lateral rhinotomy.


Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) is one of the most common causes of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in adults. TLR4 gene polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with many inflammatory diseases. The objective of this study was to clarify the relationship between TLR4 gene polymorphisms and the pathogenesis of MGN. We recruited a cohort of 134 biopsy-diagnosed MGN patients and 263 healthy subjects that served as controls. Genotyping of TLR4 gene polymorphisms was performed using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction methods. We then analysed associations between TLR4 gene polymorphisms and clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of MGN. There was statistically significant difference of TLR4 gene rs10983755 A/G (p < 0.001) and rs1927914 A/G (p < 0.05) polymorphisms between controls and patients with MGN. The distributions of rs10759932 C/T and rs11536889 C/T polymorphisms were significantly different. A higher level of triglyceride was found in the non-GG group than in the GG group. The genotype of the non-AA group had a significantly higher ratio of proteinuria than that of the AA group. In addition, the distribution of haplotype frequencies of the TLR4 gene in 4 genetic variants revealed no statistical difference between normal patients and controls. The results demonstrated that patients with MGN have a different genotype distribution of the TLR4 gene from the normal controls. Our observations suggest that those polymorphisms contribute to the genetic background of MGN pathogenesis.


In 1995, Nicholas Lemann wrote an essay for the American Historical Review (AHR) in which he called himself a "non-academic historian" and described the rewards and challenges for that tribe. The Big Test should be scrutinized as the work of an historian, as this Forum does (and as I have done elsewhere, taking issue with his account of the formation of the Educational Testing Service in 1946 and 1947.) Here I will focus on the nonacademic part of Lemann's identity by comparing his work with several dozen books from his profession on American education.


A significant number of the algorithms that are currently employed in commercially available single-channel speech enhancement products arewaveform filtering basedmethods. Waveform filtering implies that an appropriately chosen filter1 is applied to the incoming noisy speech data in order to change or smooth the shape the resulting filtered waveform. The objective of the filtering is usually to either improve the perceptual quality of the output -orto improve the recognition rate of a subsequently used speech recognition system. Prominent examples of waveform processing are the Wiener filtering extensions proposed by McAulay & Malpass (1980) and Ephraim & Malah (1984). Other examples include schemes that employ wavelets by Hu& Loizou (2004) andmodifications of the iterativeWiener filter and the Kalman filter by Mouchtaris et al. (2007). Also related are the spectral subtraction method developed by Boll in 1979 (see the text by Deller et al. (1993)) and its powerful extension, the multiband spectral subtraction described in the text by Loizou (2007). The success of manywaveform filtering basedmethods is due to their relative (computational) simplicity and robustness. A disadvantage of filtering based methods, however, is that they are never able to completely remove the noise. They are usually aiming to achieve a reasonable tradeoff between a desired reduction of the noise and an undesired but inadvertent distortion of the targeted signal. The search for a denoising paradigm that, at least in theory, allows for potentially "perfect" enhancement has motivated many researchers to study model based denoising methods. In model based denoising a parametric model for a speech signal (which may be deterministic or stochastic in nature) is used instead of a general waveform model. A popular choice


This article analyzed the service environment,working mode,service mode and the changes of readers' demands in the university library,and put forward reading service innovation should be realized by means of the innovation on service concept,distribution of resource and service content based on the idea of "people-oriented".


During the past half century, market competition has been very intense and production companies have been trying to find more efficient ways to manufacture their products. While during the period 1960 to 1970 manufacturing cost was the primary concern, later it was followed by product quality and delivery speed. New strategies had to be formulated by companies to adapt to the environment in which they operate, to be more flexible in their operations, and to satisfy different market segments. As a result of these efforts, a new manufacturing technology, called Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS), was innovated. FMS is a philosophy, in which "systems" is the key concept. A system view is incorporated into manufacturing. FMS is also one way that manufacturers are able to achieve agility, to have fastest response to the market, to operate with the lowest total cost, and to gain the greatest skills in satisfying the customers.


This paper contains the study of design and analysis the Shock absorber performance by considering different wire diameters of the spring. The Shock absorber being Suspension system is designed to handle the impulsive shock and kinetic energy. The disturbance of the amplitude of reduced which certainly improve ride quality and provide comfort while riding. When the vehicle moves on any irregular roads such as bumps quick compression of the spring takes place and reaches back to its normal position which leads in lifting the body. Based on the weight of the bike, loads applied and the number of persons sitting on the bike the analysis is made. Hence, by considering the different wire diameters of the spring coil the comparison is made to verify the best dimension for the spring coil in shock absorber. CATIA V5 is used for modeling and ANSYS is used for analysis. Keywords—Spiral spring, FEA, Impulsive shock, Static analysis, CATIA V5, ANSYS,


The assumptions of the semi-momentless theory of shells have been applied in the computation of static, thin-walled, prosmatic bars of multi coimected cross-section. In order to construct the differential equilibrium equations we use the shape function for the tangential displacement. A procedure has been adopted in the computer program for the automatic generation of the coefficient matrix of the system of the equilibrium equations where the interpretation of the unknowns is not know during the working time of the computer. The method enables us to solve the problem for various shape functions. The method have been illustrated by the results obtained on digital computer and on diagrams.


This paper models competence acquisition in a sample of 842 small firms. The findings indicate how competence is acquired and determines firm performance. The modeling procedures reports better ade ...


This paper discusses the possible solutions of non-linear multivariable by experimental Data mining techniques using orthogonal array. Taguchi method is a very useful technique to reduce the time and cost of the experiment but ignores all kind of interaction effects. The results are not much encouraging and motivate to study Laser cutting process of non-linear multivariable is modeled by one and two way analysis of variance also linear and non linear regression analysis. These techniques are used to explore better analysis techniques and improve the laser cutting quality by reducing process variations caused by controllable process parameters. The size of data set causes difficulties in modeling and simulation of the problem such as decision tree is a useful technique but it is not able to predict better results. The results of analysis of variance are encouraging. Taguchi and regression normally optimize input process parameters for single characteristics.


The present invention provides a semiconductor device comprising an ESD protection element, which is capable of suppressing upsizing, no additional step, does not result in reduced performance of the semiconductor device are formed, the apparatus comprising: a semiconductor substrate (1), it comprises the a circuit element formed thereon is formed with a different conductivity type region (2) of the substrate PN junction (10), and which protective element (11). The protective element (11) is a transistor by the region (2), formed in the other region (6) and the semiconductor substrate (1) in the region of the same conductivity type, whose emitter electrode and the semiconductor substrate (1) is connected.


The accuracy of the simulation results of stamping processes of thin sheet material depends on the correct properties' specification, namely stamping ability. Experiments have been carried out and the influence of the deformation speed on the hardening exponent during cold sheet metal forming was studied. It was found out, that strain changed 100 times can influence the strain grade of the hardening curve of about 10%. This regularity has been taken into consideration prior to the calculation in any CAE-software for material forming.


The growth of the Internet and Web offers opportunities to both organisations and individuals. Some of this opportunity is lost to both though if Web site content is not accessible. To date this fact has received little attention. However, as the market matures and legal parameters surrounding discrimination become clearer, the topic of accessibility will take on increasing significance. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to those assessments of Web content accessibility already undertaken, as well as to spread the accessibility word to a wider audience. The study looked at the accessibility of UK‐based accountancy sites utilising the evaluation software Bobby. It found that the accessibility of UK‐based accountancy firms to be relatively poor in comparison to other (mostly US and university and library) surveys.


In order to connect galaxy clusters to their progenitor protoclusters, we must constrain the star formation histories within their member galaxies and the timescale of virial collapse. In this paper we characterize the complex star-forming properties of a z = 2.5 protocluster in the COSMOS field using ALMA dust continuum and new Very Large Array CO (1–0) observations of two filaments associated with the structure, sometimes referred to as the "Hyperion" protocluster. We focus in particular on the protocluster "core," which has previously been suggested as the highest-redshift bona fide galaxy cluster traced by extended X-ray emission in a stacked Chandra/XMM image. We reanalyze these data and refute these claims, finding that at least 40% ± 17% of extended X-ray sources of similar luminosity and size at this redshift arise instead from inverse Compton scattering off recently extinguished radio galaxies rather than intracluster medium. Using ancillary COSMOS data, we also constrain the spectral energy distributions of the two filaments' eight constituent galaxies from the rest-frame UV to radio. We do not find evidence for enhanced star formation efficiency in the core and conclude that the constituent galaxies are already massive (M ⋆ ≈ 1011 M ⊙), with molecular gas reservoirs >1010 M ⊙ that will be depleted within 200–400 Myr. Finally, we calculate the halo mass of the nested core at z = 2.5 and conclude that it will collapse into a cluster of (2–9) × 1014 M ⊙, comparable to the size of the Coma Cluster at z = 0 and accounting for at least 50% of the total estimated halo mass of the extended "Hyperion" structure.


Abstract We present new examples of finite-dimensional Nichols algebras over fields of characteristic 2 from braided vector spaces that are not of diagonal type, admit realizations as Yetter–Drinfeld modules over finite abelian groups, and are analogous to Nichols algebras of finite Gelfand–Kirillov dimension in characteristic 0. New finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras over fields of characteristic 2 are obtained by bosonization with group algebras of suitable finite abelian groups.


Extensive pumpage of groundwater in the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area in the last century has caused compaction of the clay layers in the local aquifers with resulting widespread land surface subsidence. This paper presents the results of a study designed to evaluate localized flooding characteristics of a small urban watershed with respect to subsidence patterns present on a regional scale in the Houston metropolitan area and also those patterns resulting from local groundwater well fields.


a b s t r a c t Coronary CT angiography (coronary CTA) represents an increasingly applied noninvasive method for coronary artery imaging. Due to technical development and improved spatial and temporal resolution of CT, high diagnostic value of coronary CTA is reported when compared to conventional selective angiography. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the clinical applications of coronary CTA. Important factors in patient selection and preparation are also briefly discussed.


This paper discusses a simulation and modeling package developed at University of Manitoba, REVS: renewable energy vehicle simulator. REVS assists in detail studies of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and plug in HEV (PHEV) configurations or energy management strategies through visual programming by creating components as hierarchical subsystems. REVS is composed of detailed models of seven major types of components: electric motors, internal combustion engines, batteries, chemical reactions, fuzzy control strategies, renewable energy resources and support components that can be integrated to model and simulate hybrid drive trains in different configurations. REVS was developed in the Matlab/Simulink graphical simulation language as well as IDEAS package and is portable to most computer platforms. A series parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) and a power split device have been designed using the simulation package. Fuzzy controllers have been developed to track the desired vehicle velocity and manage the energy flow of the vehicle. Simulation results of the energy management system and dynamic responses of the system are discussed for proposed vehicle.


That I, with body and soul, both in life and in death, am not my own, but belong to my faithful Saviour Jesus Christ, who with his precious blood has fully satisfied for all my sins, and redeemed me from all the power of the devil; and so preserves me that without the will of my Father in heaven not a hair can fall from my head; yea, all things must work together for my salvation. Wherefore, by his Holy Spirit, he also assures me of eternal life, and makes me heartily willing and ready henceforth to live unto him.


The current legal and qualitative dogmatic study makes use of the deductive method, exploratory and descriptive focus, bibliographical and documentary survey and content analysis to compare forms of achievement of fundamental rights in the Brazilian and European contexts. It's concluded that the European "triangular basis constitutional justice", in which there are three judicial guardianship systems, the European Court of Human Rights, member states courts and the European Union courts, provides greater safekeeping to fundamental rights of individual protection because of their simplicity, accessibility and assertiveness, tasking propose alternatives of implementation and enforcement of such rights in the national legal order.


Against the background of the energy transition accompanied by a rising penetration of renewable energy (REN) sources and a stepwise phase out of conventional power plants in order to ful(cid:28)ll climate protection targets, the requirements for a reliable transmission grid infrastructure increased in the last years. High coordination and communication e(cid:27)orts among market and system operators as well as weather extremes that occur more frequently enhance the probability of critical network states. In this paper, causes and impacts of 250 prominent transmission grid collapses in the period from 1965 to 2012 were analyzed. Based on historical events, blackout data sets were clustered inter alia by their date, a(cid:27)ected continent as well as the duration of interrupted supply, respectively. We (cid:28)nd an ascending number of outages along with a longer averaged duration over time. It is studied how di(cid:27)erent categories of causes evoking large-scale power blackouts are distributed regionally and temporally. Furthermore, challenges to prevent grid malfunctions, both from a technical and societal perspective, are elaborated focusing on the German power system.


We present experimental data on the decay of xenon Stark states converging to the upper spin limit. In an electric field the Rydberg electron has two qualitatively different decay paths. If the electron changes the core state from the upper spin state into the lower spin state, it gains sufficient energy to escape the ionic core and autoionizes. Moreover, if the electronic state is above the saddle point, created by the electric field, it can field ionize. The probability to autoionize is nearly constant around the saddle point whereas the probability to field ionize rapidly increases above the saddle point. With the velocity map imaging technique we monitor both ionization channels as a function of ~increasing! photoexcitation energy. We observe that the field ionization channel dominates the competition and gains yield at the expense of the autoionization channel. The spectra are explained both with full quantum calculations and with a relatively simple description for the overall behavior. These experiments show that the field ionization can be used in general as a clock for total core-dependent decay. Decay of a highly excited electron most often occurs through interaction with the ionic core. The rate of, e.g., rotational and vibrational autoionization, fluorescence and predissociation is proportional to the frequency with which an electron returns to the vicinity of the ionic core. Through- out the Rydberg series the ratio between these decay chan- nels remains constant. In this respect field ionization is a special decay channel. A static electric field distorts the Cou- lomb potential by raising the potential in the direction of the field and lowering it on the other side. The maximum on the down-potential side is called the saddle point. An electron that is excited above the saddle point is energetically allowed to escape from the ionic core. The rate for electron emission depends strongly on the opening angle at which the electron can escape. This opening angle rapidly increases above the saddle point making the field ionization change from zero to the dominant pathway of decay in a small energy range. How rapidly the field ionization dominates depends on the com- petition with the core-dependent decay. This competition is reflected in the overall behavior of the ionization spectra, allowing one to retrieve the rate of one channel with the spectrum of the other. In a recent paper we investigated the field ionization yield above the saddle point energy of nitric oxide in a strong electric field @1#. A competition between the field ionization and predissociation of the NO molecule is observed. The field ionization yield just above the saddle point was strongly reduced by the other decay channel and the ionization thresh- old appeared to have shifted to higher energy. Computing the field ionization spectrum yielded the rate of predissociation. In that experiment only the field ionization channel was monitored. To investigate a two-channel competition prop- erly, however, one wants to monitor the two channels simul- taneously. An ideal system of investigation is the autoioniz- ation from the Rydberg states converging to the upper spin state of a noble gas in a strong electric field. The field ion- ized electrons have nearly zero kinetic energy whereas the electrons that autoionize by changing the core spin-orbit state, carry a kinetic energy of 1-2 eV, which makes the two ionization channels separable. The two channels are distin- guished by velocity map imaging. The detected spectra, as presented in Sec. III, are simulated by full quantum calcula- tions based on multichannel Stark theory @1-3#. Moreover, we show that the overall behavior of the spectra can already be simulated by relative simple rate equations. In Sec. IV we derive these equations and compare with the experimental observations.


8 Teaching Elementary Physical Education | January 2005 9 F physical education teachers would claim they did not want their students to be successful; the inherent goal of all effective teachers is to promote success. Unfortunately, even the most effective teacher can fail to achieve this goal. Often this scenario is attributed to a students' lack of motivation, and frequently this is accurate. As a result, researchers have begun to determine those factors that increase student motivation and learning in physical education. Over the last decade, researchers in physical education have turned to several theories to address these motivation concerns. Although several theories have been explored, Achievement Goal Theory (Nicholls, 1984) has emerged as a prominent theory for effective interventions in fostering student motivation. Therefore, the purpose of this feature introduction is to introduce achievement goal theory to teachers, describe teaching methods based on achievement goal theory, and to briefly describe potential concerns teachers face when establishing a task-involved motivational climate.


Objective To investigate concentration changes of thromboxane A2(TXA2) and prostacyclin (PGI2) in cere-brospinal fluid(CSF) in the asphyxiated newborn and explore relationships between the level of them in CSF and hypoxic brain damage after neonatal asphyxia. Methods Thirty six full term newborns were divided into three groups: 12 with moderate-severe hypoxic-is-chemic encephalopathy (HIE), 13 with mild HIE, and 11 without HIE(control group). The levels of TXB2(TXA2 metabolite) and 6 keto-PGF1α(PGl2 metabolite) in CSF and plasma were measured during 36-72 hours after birth. Measurement of the levels in CSF and plasma were performed by RIA and expressed as ng/L(mean±SD). Results The levels of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1α in CSF in the moderate-severe HIE group(206.06±29.74,168. 47±23. 02, respectively) were significantly higher than those of the mild HIE group(83.37±28.57,131.42±16.75, respectively) (P0.01) and the control group (41.77±21. 58, 86.23±13.05, respectively ) ( P 0.01). The levels of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1α in plasma in the moderate -severe HIE group were also higher than those of the mild HIE group and the control group(P0.01) ,but no significant difference was found between mild HIE group and the control group(P0.05). Conclusion The concentration changes of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1α in CSF after neonatal asphyxia may be a sensitive marker of evaluating the severity of brain damage.


Objective:To explore the application and effect of laparoscopic keeping anus operation in middle/lower rectal cancer.Methods:38 patients of middle/lower rectal cancer were conducted with laparoscopic total mesorectal excision of keeping anus.Operative procedures,complications and postoperative recovery were studied.Results:Laparoscopic operation succeeded in 38 patients,and no one of the cases was converted procedures.The average operation time was 165 min with 50 ml average blood loss.Gastric function recovered in all patients within 2-3 days and average 8 days were in hospital.None of the patients died due to the complications.Conclusions:Laparoscopic rectal cancer TME of keeping anus has the same effect as with the opening operation,and is well characterized for its minimal invasion,safety and quick recovery.


Introduction. To practically every topological space T of importance (including metrizable and locally compact Hausdorff spaces) one can let correspond (essentially by interchanging compact and closed sets) an "antispace" T* which conversely determines T. If, for example, T is Hausdorff but not compact, T* will be 7\, compact and superconnected (every open set is connected). One sacrifices the Hausdorff property but gains e.g. compactness. Furthermore the topology of T* is weaker than that of T. This destroys the belief, generally held, that non-Hausdorff spaces are of minor or no importance. On the contrary, one could even say that they are "more elegant," since they perform the same job with a weaker topology. Philosophically, the consequences seem to be of interest. If R denotes "time" (the real line), R* has the same topology as R on every bounded closed interval. However R* is compact. Time becomes unbounded but finite in the sense of compact. We have potential but no actual infinity. A remark by J. M. Aarts (in our joint work on cocompactness) initiated this note.


The book opens with a brief introduction to the commutator for groups and rings and then moves on to the mandatory chapter on basic universal algebra. In this chapter, two interesting "geometric" consequences of congruence modularity are proved. These are the so-called shifting lemma and the cube lemma discovered by H. P. Gumm. In Chapter 3, three different commutator operations are defined for general algebraic structures, the first defining the commutator C of a variety ~V as the largest binary operation defined on Con A, for every A in y, such that C is submeet and if n is the kernel of some surjective homomorphism / : A -»B in r, then C(9,\ji) v n = f~C(f(e v TC), f(<j/ v 71)) for any congruences 8 and \j/ of A. The other commutator operations are given in a more concrete way by using the notion of centrality and it is from these definitions that the important properties of the modular commutator are proved in Chapter 4. It is shown that the several definitions of the commutator give identical operations in the congruence modular setting and that besides being submeet and well behaved under homomorphisms, the modular commutator is monotone, symmetric, and distributes over arbitrary joins. Finally in this chapter the commutator as defined is shown to coincide with the one given originally by Hagemann and Herrmann. With a useful commutator at hand, Freese and McKenzie proceed with the development of the theory in Chapters 5 through 10. The center of an algebra is defined as is the property of being Abelian. The related notions of solvability and nilpotency are also defined. In Chapter 5 it is shown how an Abelian group structure can be naturally placed on any block of an Abelian congruence. This theme is picked up again in Chapter 9 where rings are associated with any congruence modular variety in such a way that direct sums of these congruence blocks become modules over one of the rings. In the special case where the variety consists of only Abelian algebras, the variety actually is polynomially equivalent to the variety of all modules over one of the rings. This affine behaviour has been exploited by McKenzie and others to prove several interesting theorems. In Chapter 6 permutability is investigated and it is shown that every solvable congruence permutes with every other congruence in an algebra that generates a congruence modular variety. Gumm's characterization of congruence modularity is proved here as well as one due to S. Tschantz. Nilpotency is considered in Chapter 7. Here it is shown that nilpotent algebras have regular and uniform congruences and that every such algebra supports a nilpotent loop structure. The next chapter introduces several congruence identities. For example it is proved that a congruence modular variety is congruence distributive if and only if the commutator of any two congruences in any algebra in the variety is equal to the meet of these congruences, i.e., the variety satisfies the identity [x, y] w x A y. The importance of another identity mentioned in this chapter is seen in Chapter 10. There it is proved that if a congruence modular variety is residually small (i.e., there is a cardinal K bounding the size of the subdirectly irreducible algebras in the variety) then the variety satisfies the identity x A [y, y] « [_x A y,y]. If, in addition, the variety is finitely generated then satisfaction of the above identity is equivalent to being residually small. Other properties of subdirectly irreducible algebras are looked at in this chapter, in particular a generalization of Jonsson's theorem is proved. This result is then specialized to the finitely generated case. The closing chapters are devoted to several applications of the theory. In Chapter 11 it is proved that the join of two residually small congruence modular varieties is residually small. Finite simple algebras in congruence modular varieties are looked at in Chapter 12, as are minimal varieties. A sketch of a proof showing that there are infinitely many inequivalent lattice identities each having a Mal'cev condition is presented in Chapter 13. In Chapter 14 we find a generalization of Vaughan-Lee's finite basis result. It is proved that if A is a finite nilpotent algebra in a modular variety and is a direct product of algebras of prime power then A has a finite basis for its identities. This book is packed with ideas and techniques that anyone interested in universal algebra should be aware of. As is evident from this review the modular commutator has become an important tool for researchers in this field. The authors have done a good job in organizing and presenting the material in this book and, thankfully, have provided very detailed proofs of most of the theorems under consideration. They have also included many exercises (and their solutions) which serve to introduce examples and other applications of the theory. MATTHEW VALERIOTE


The present invention relates to a self-grid power systems. The invention system interconnection which has a system power supply to receive supply of DC power from a distributed power generation unit receives and converts the AC power supplied to the inverter and the grid power output to the load join the output power of the inverter that supplies a load self-developing in the system, the inverter AC voltage and a system frequency detector for detecting a frequency of the grid voltage of the system power supply, output from the inverter to have the same frequency as the grid voltage frequency are detected from the grid frequency detector It characterized in that it comprises a control unit for controlling the inverter. Thus the frequency of the power grid may even change to this interlocking match the output frequency of the inverter.


The ciliary ganglion has been examined in young adult (1.5‐2 months) and aged rats (24‐28 months). In young adult rats the ganglion contains about 200 neurones, each of which is innervated by 1‐4 preganglionic axons (mean, 2.2). In these animals about 2‐3 X 10(3) synaptic boutons were observed per square millimetre in thin sections of the ganglion; synapses were located mainly on finger‐like extensions of cell bodies and on dendrites. The size of the ganglion cell population, the number of inputs per ganglion cell, the density of synaptic boutons and the amplitude of post‐synaptic potentials recorded intracellularly did not differ significantly between the young and aged animals. It thus appears that the neuronal population of the ciliary ganglion and the cholinergic synapses received by ganglion cells are remarkably stable well into old age.


The present invention for an electrochemical device including an electrode assembly produced by the method for manufacturing an electrode assembly and the above method, a simple and economically produced by means of a laser an electrode assembly having a desired shape of the separation membrane according to the invention there is an effect that it is possible.


AbstractThe National Centre of Tribology has been involved in a Department of Trade and Industry-industry cosponsored project investigating the control and reduction of friction through surface engineering. In many industrial areas there are sliding mechanisms operating in dry or marginally lubricated conditions where friction is the main cause of inefficiency. If the friction coefficient can be reduced and maintained at a low level, energy consumption and running costs are lowered. In other components, e.g. brakes and clutches, there is a requirement for controlled high levels of friction. Results for friction obtained from three types of laboratory test, reciprocating sliding, rolling, and combined rolling-sliding, are summarised. The tests were designed to simulate practical industrial situations, including bearings, gears, scuffing conditions, and sliding. The processes investigated cover the whole range of surface engineering, including ion implantation, PVD, CVD, electrochemical and thermochemical d...


This article analyzes the problem of emigration in the life and works of one of the most impor- tant representatives of Polish literary emigration of the twentieth century – Gustaw Herling-Grudziński. He was a Polish writer, journalist, essayist, World War II underground fighter and political dissident abroad during the communist system in Poland. The work of the writer called "Journal Written at Night" was the material for this re- search. "Journal Written at Night" contains valuable information regarding his views on the problem of emigra- tion, and also describes the opinions of his Polish émigré colleges on this issue. In addition, the article describes the reason for the emigration of the writer and analyzes the works in which he described his emigration experience. Keywords: diary, emigrant, Polish literary emigration.


p[0.098). Multivariate analysis showed no effect of FGFR status, sex, age, smoking status, tumor grade (WHO 1973), and CIS at TURBT on RFS. PFS (hazard ratio, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.54-1.10]; p[0.154) and DSS (hazard ratio, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.46-1.27]; p[0.296) were similar between FGFRþ and FGFRpts. Among 174 pts with available FGFRalt data pre and post BCG, FGFRalt status was maintained post BCG for most (54 [31%] pts had FGFRalt pre vs 51 [29%] post BCG). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, 30.3% of pts with HR NMIBC had FGFRþ tumors and pts with HR NMIBC had similar outcomes post BCG regardless of FGFR status.


Approximately 1,000 shale samples were analyzed by X-ray-fluorescence spectrography for the elements Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Fe, Rb, and Sr. Three quarters of the samples came from two completely cored sections of mainly Upper Cretaceous shale in eastern and central Saskatchewan; most of the remainder came from cored Jurassic and Triassic sections in western Queensland, Australia. Preliminary results indicate that diadochic substitution of minor elements in the clay minerals is controlled by the chemistry of the waters in which the clays were deposited. The Rb/K ratio in particular appears to be significantly higher for marine shale than for continental shale. End_of_Article - Last_Page 555------------


The invention relates to an electric device (1, 20, 30) comprising a cross-linked layer (3, 4, 5, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32) obtained from a polymer composition including at least one polymer comprising at least one epoxy function, characterized in that the polymer composition also comprises a non-polymer compound as a cross-linking agent including at least one reactive function that can react with the epoxy function of the polymer in order to allow the polymer to be cross-linked.


Abstract : The End-To-End (ETE) Test conducted under the auspices of the Department of Defense Joint Advanced Distributed Simulation (JADS) Joint Test and Evaluation (JT&E), developed a synthetic test environment that can be used for future operational testing and doctrinal development. This synthetic test environment was used initially to conduct developmental and operational testing of the Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System (Joint STARS). As designed and built, it may be used to conduct future testing of systems such as the common ground station (CGS), the All Source Analysis System (ASAS), and the Block II Army Tactical Missile System. This paper will describe the results of our live flight operational test utilizing satellite communications to distribute the synthetic environment and lessons learned to date. Additionally, the experience gained in verifying and validating a distributed synthetic test environment using the Department of Defense Verification, Validation and Accreditation (VV&A) Recommended Practices Guide will be discussed.


L. is a species of flowering plants in the family (Caesalpinaceae), native to southeastern Asia, from southern China to India. It is a small to medium sized tree growing to 10 12 m height, deciduous in the dry season. Pollen biology was studied in plants growing in Agra. Time of anthesis, stigma receptivity, pollen fertility, pollen germination, pollen-ovule ratio and pollination biology etc. were studied. L. (Caesalpinaceae) is a large moderate sized deciduous tree and attains a height up to 10 meter. The stem is thick, slender in shape and cream in color. The plant bears primary as well as lateral branches. The leaf fall is not restricted to a particular time in a year. The floral bud initiation occurs in the month of March. The flowering period starts in the March and extended up to April. The initiation of fruit formation occurs in the month of April; however, fruit is matured in the month of May. Mature fruits remain attach to the plant up to one to two months. After the maturation of fruits, seeds are dispersed by birds. Pollen production per flower was calculated by first counting the number of pollen per anthers and multiplying this figure by number of anther per flower (Cruden, 1977). Total number of pollen/anther was measured by a heamocytometer. Mature anthers were crushed in lactophenol glycerine with aniline blue. A known dilution was placed on the grid and 10 replicate counts were made using a haemocytometer (Barrett et al., 1985).


Through artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, deepfakes (deep learning + fakes) are created. Currently, almost six years after this topic's popularization, some people have been using AI algorithms to change, for example, face. In this scenario, this article proposes to identify the most discriminating characteristics, based on the multivariate statistical learning techniques, with and without the Sobel filter. Complementarily, we aim to analyze the areas that humans have visually identified as relevant to detect a deepfake. The results show that the statistical model (PCA plus MLDA) combined with the Sobel filter correctly classified most of the images, highlighting the regions that discriminate a deepfake.


Abstract A weakly diagonally dominant matrix may or may not be invertible. We characterize, in terms of combinatorial structure and sign pattern when such a matrix is invertible, which is the common case. Examples are given.


The aim of this study was to evaluate degradation in commercial dental nanofilled adhesive resins using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). Three adhesives were selected: D/E resin (DR), Single Bond Plus (SB), and G-Bond (GB). The adhesives were mixed with porphyrin for the QLF analysis. Specimens were prepared by dispensing blended adhesives into a flexible mold and polymerizing. Then, the QLF analysis of the specimens was done and the porphyrin values (Simple Plaque Score and ΔR) were measured. After thermocycling of the specimens (5000 cycles, 5 to 55°C) for the degradation, the specimens were assayed by QLF again. The porphyr in values were analyzed using paired t-test at a 95% confidence level. A significant reduction in SPS was observed in all groups after thermocycling. The ΔR significantly decreased after thermocycling except area ΔR30 of SB group. Overall, porphyrin values decreased after thermocycling which indicates that the degradation of the adhesive resins may be measured by the change of porphyrin value. The QLF method could be used to evaluate the degradation of adhesive resin.


The present paper is devoted to the study of a second order of accuracy difference scheme for a solution of the elliptic-parabolic equation with nonlocal boundary condition. The well-posedness of the second order of accuracy difference scheme in Hölder spaces is established. Coercivity estimates in Hölder norms for an approximate solution of a nonlocal boundary value problem for elliptic-parabolic differential equation are obtained. Results of numerical experiments are presented in order to support the aforementioned theoretical statements.


Civilized legal environment means the public legal awareness, legal conduct, legal system and other legal factors in general. Civilized legal environment consists of legal ideology, conduct patterns and system structure. The establishment of civilized legal environment is for calling citizens' consciousness, perfecting and propagating socialist legal culture, strengthening residential district culture construction, and getting rid of not - so - good legal conceptions. All the measures are for regulating activities within the limits of constitutions and laws, clarifying public rights, ensuring private rights and judicial independence. That is to enforce socialist democratic system, persistently perfect legislative and judicial system of our country, and set up proper organs to coordinate and control scientifically among ruling, legislative, administrative and judicial powers.


io al pyramid by swimmer bars will be employed to g enerate four results showed substantial plates, column crown. with no and usually also by drop panels or thickened areas of the slab surrounding each column. The basic form of the flat slab is shown in Figure 2. Figure 1: Flat plate Figure 2: Flat slab -9655


Objective: To explore an approach to in vitro culturing human vascular endothelial cells for experimental research of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in vitro.Methods: 0.1% collagenase was used to digest and isolate the primary endothelial cells derived from human umbilical veins,and 0.125% trypsin and 0.01% EDTA solution were applied to digestion and passage of the cells.Light microscope and immunohistochemical technique were used for morphological observation and identification of endothelial cells.Results: Adherent growth occurred some 4 h after incubation of the primary human endothelial cells,presented with mosaic arrangement in slabstone fashion under light microscope.Immunohistochemistry revealed positive reaction of human factor VIII related antigen in the cytoplasm of the endothelial cells.Conclusion: Endothelial cells with high purity and survival rate may be obtained through perfusion and digestion of umbilical veins with collagenase.This makes possible experimental model for the study of vascular endothelial cells.


A theoretical mean field closure for Hall magnetohydrodynamics (Hall-MHD) is developed to investigate magnetic field generation through dynamo processes in low electron density astrophysical systems. We show that by modifying the dynamics of microscopic flows, the Hall currents could have a profound impact on the generation of macroscopic magnetic fields. As an illustrative example, we show how dynamo waves are modified by the inclusion of Hall currents. By dropping the usual assumption of a correlation time τ for the microscopic dynamics in the mean field dynamos, we find qualitative changes in the growth rate of dynamo modes.


Throughout the ages, Islam has been misunderstood and surrounded by a number of false allegations. One of these allegations, given contemporary form, is to associate jihad with terrorism and violence and to claim that the message of Islam was spread through the sword. It is therefore an imperative upon objective researchers to examine and scrutinize this allegation based on the true nature and the real teaching of Islam. This research also examines dif- ferent views regarding the concept of jihad, and how this concept has been misunderstood. This paper demonstrates the similarities between religions in supporting peace and condemning terror. Furthermore, this research explains that jihad bears a broad concept; it revealed positive meaning and was the motive for achieving noble ends and objectives. It is well known that jihad has never been used as a 'holy war' in the text of the Shari'ah. Jihad must be un- dertaken purely in the path of God alone and not for power or other worldly ends.


As microprocessors become faster and demand more bandwidth the already limited scalability of a shared-bus decreases even further. Cache only memory architecture (COMA) for distributed shared memory multiprocessors has a potential to effectively decrease the gap between high performance microprocessors and bus. The concept of COMA is organizing traditional main memory as a large cache. COMA allows a multiprocessor to adapt quickly to dynamic memory access pattern of application programs and thereby the processors utilize the memory local to each processing node better, resulting shorter memory access latency and less bandwidth demand on the system bus. However, organizing memory as a cache not only requires additional physical memory but also complicates cache coherence protocol due to the need of relocating memory blocks for replacement. In this paper we demonstrate how cache coherence protocol for COMA can be efficiently implemented on a shared bus. Especially, we present a scheme that allows relocating memory blocks to be done in a single bus transaction.


The article focuses research attention on the attitude to a public institution as an object of sociological analysis and its significance for clarifying the characteristics of citizens' opinions about various spheres of life in their environment. The author emphasizes the dual function of research in determining the actual problems of so-ciety and formation of goal-setting based on the assessment of the situation in society, as well as in choosing the optimal means of influencing it. The nature of public opinion is considered as a marker of the state of the social sphere and the possibilities of its transformation if necessary. It is emphasized that the perceptions about a particular public institution, fixed in the minds of citizens, determine the specifics of its functioning in society, the success of its implementation of the tasks of its mission. According to the conclusion, the study of public opinion in this direction will allow developing a strategy to correct the situation if necessary.


Existing nighttime unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) trackers follow an"Enhance-then-Track"architecture - first using a light enhancer to brighten the nighttime video, then employing a daytime tracker to locate the object. This separate enhancement and tracking fails to build an end-to-end trainable vision system. To address this, we propose a novel architecture called Darkness Clue-Prompted Tracking (DCPT) that achieves robust UAV tracking at night by efficiently learning to generate darkness clue prompts. Without a separate enhancer, DCPT directly encodes anti-dark capabilities into prompts using a darkness clue prompter (DCP). Specifically, DCP iteratively learns emphasizing and undermining projections for darkness clues. It then injects these learned visual prompts into a daytime tracker with fixed parameters across transformer layers. Moreover, a gated feature aggregation mechanism enables adaptive fusion between prompts and between prompts and the base model. Extensive experiments show state-of-the-art performance for DCPT on multiple dark scenario benchmarks. The unified end-to-end learning of enhancement and tracking in DCPT enables a more trainable system. The darkness clue prompting efficiently injects anti-dark knowledge without extra modules. Code is available at https://github.com/bearyi26/DCPT.


In dealing with the individual works, I have attempted to analyze the structural element first, and then to deduce the novel's meaning, or theme, making use, wherever it is possible, of the results of the analysis of structure. In addition, I have attempted to reveal the development of certain themes from one novel to another, and certain developments in characterization and general design. I have attempted to reveal the relationship of the structure and thematic aspects of the individual works to Fizgerald's work as a whole. Finally, I have attempted to demonstrate Fitzgerald's relationship with certain of this peers and forebears in the American novel.


This book presents the development of major economic policies in India since Independence. Since few changes have been made in the revised edition, many comments made in the review of the first edition (this journal, November 1959) remain valid. The stress is on the economic policies of government and business, while the achievement of the economy as a result of these policies is slighted. Eight of the ten chapters remain virtually unchanged from the first edition, where the presentation carried through 1957. The new tables present more recent statistics, but the discussion has not been modified. This lack is most glaring in regard to the crisis of 1957-58, which raised serious policy problems in the areas of population, agricultural production, and foreign exchange. None of these problems related to the crisis are discussed, although their effect on the economy was traumatic. The chapters on public finance and planning introduce seventeen pages of new material bringing their development up to date. The author is an economic journalist who has been in intimate touch with the events he records. The economic historian will find the judiciously selected details illuminating, while the economic theorist will despair at the lack of analysis. The strength of the study lies in its acute interpretation of policies by one who was close to their development.


Continuous ethanol fermentation coupled with the recycling of waste distillage was carried out in a single agitating bioreactor with the self-flocculating yeast and two-stage enzymatic hydrolysate of corn meal.The fermentation broth collected was distilled to separate ethanol and other volatile products in every 3 d,and the distillage was used to mix corn meal instead of fresh water.The fermentation system was run continuously for 25 d,and the accumulation of acetic acid,lactic acid,propionic acid,furfural and 2-phenyl-ethyl-alcohol,the byproducts that are inhibitory in the growth and ethanol fermentation of the self-flocculating yeast with their minimum inhibition concentrations of 3,20,1.5,2 and 1.5 g/L,respectively,was monitored.It was found that propionic acid with its concentration of 2.7 g/L was the only byproduct accumulated to the level higher than its minimum inhibition concentration.And in the meantime,the synergistic effect of propionic acid and 2-phenyl-ethyl-alcohol as well as furfural and 2-phenyl-ethyl-alcohol were observed.


Based on the method of mathematics and physics,the mathematical model of gas storage vessel leakage is improved.The improved mathematical model can better simulate the leakage at anytime.


High vocational education developed so rapid in recent years that it becomes the backbone of our country's higher education. But there are some weaknesses in the aspect of students' party construction need to be reinforced. The author talked some cognition and experiences related to the problem and analyzed the problems and nodus towards it. The paper also concerning about how to reinforce the work.


Summary Frog PCDV DNA was estimated from its melting profile to contain 54–55% G + C. The molecular weight of PCDV DNA was confirmed to be about 130 × 106 daltons from its sedimentation behavior in neutral sucrose and by contour length measurements. The mean content of DNA per PCDV virion in two preparations of purified virus was 1.86 × 10-16 g (112 × 106 daltons) and 2.56 × 10-16 g (154 × 106 daltons). Data suggest that PCDV virions contain a single linear double-stranded molecule of DNA.


Rat renal mesangial cells express high levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in response to inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1β (IL-1β). We tested whether ligands of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα) could influence the cytokine-induced expression of MMP-9. Different PPARα agonists dose-dependently inhibited the IL-1β-triggered increase in gelatinolytic activity mainly by decreasing the MMP-9 steady-state mRNA levels. PPARα agonists on their own had no effects on MMP-9 mRNA levels and gelatinolytic activity. Surprisingly, the reduction of MMP-9 mRNA levels by PPARα activators contrasted with an amplification of cytokine-mediated MMP-9 gene promoter activity and mRNA expression. The potentiation of MMP-9 promoter activity functionally depends on an upstream peroxisome proliferator-responsive element-like binding site, which displayed an increased DNA binding of a PPARα immunopositive complex. In contrast, the IL-1β-induced DNA-binding of nuclear factor κB was significantly impaired by PPARα agonists. Most interestingly, in the presence of an inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, the PPARα-mediated suppression switched to a strong amplification of IL-1β-triggered MMP-9 mRNA expression. Concomitantly, activators of PPARα potentiated the cytokine-induced iNOS expression. Using actinomycin D, we found that NO, but not PPARα activators, strongly reduced the stability of MMP-9 mRNA. In contrast, the stability of MMP-9 protein was not affected by PPARα activators. In summary, our data suggest that the inhibitory effects of PPARα agonists on cytokine-induced MMP-9 expression are indirect and primarily due to a superinduction of iNOS with high levels of NO reducing the half-life of MMP-9 mRNA.


This volume in the SPIE Tutorial Text series presents a practical approach to optical testing, with emphasis on techniques, procedures, and instrumentation rather than mathematical analysis. The author provides the reader with a basic understanding of the measurements made and the tools used to make those measurements. Detailed information is given on how to measure and characterize imaging systems, perform optical bench measurements to determine first- and third-order properties of optical systems, set up and operate a Fizeau interferometer and evaluate fringe data, conduct beam diagnostics (such as wavefront sensing), and perform radiometric calibrations.


The article is devoted to a very popular nowadays problem, existing in the science of history and law. In the context of general problem, connected with investigation the history of political police in pre-revolutionary Russia, the author affects such a complicated historiography problem as «provocation» in activities of organs of political police in Russia at the beginning of the XX century. In the following article the author reveals some specific details features of such phenomenon as provocation and provocation activities which occurred in practice of political police at the beginning of the XX century.


Middle voltage direct current distribution is a promising solution for the future electric power system for its advantage in integration of renewable energy sources and improving stability of the grid. However, the rapid rise of the short-circuit fault current and the absence of natural zero crossing makes the DC interruption a main problem of the distribution system. And, the dielectric recovery strength of the vacuum interrupter is a critical factor to improve the capacity and reliability of the interruption. In order to measure the dielectric recovery strength of the vacuum interrupter, an experiment circuit is designed in this paper to measure the recovery strength of the interrupter. The recovery strength of interrupter with axial magnetic field (AMF) contacts and butt contacts are compared. The results show that the difference of recovery strength between AMF contacts and butt contacts is not so significant in small current (2kA). Whereas in large current (10kA), recovery strength of the butt contact decrease distinctly compared with AMF contact. According to the images of arc in butt contacts, it's concluded that the arc of butt contact is gathering under large current, and the metal droplets are seriously spraying, which leads to worse dielectric recovery characteristic.


3-D Structure of proteins gives valuable insights into the molecular organization, function, docking simulations and also effective drug designing experiments. Autosomal recessive hypotrichosis is a genetic hair disorder that is though not life threatening but it can lead to abhorrent effect on person's psyche. In the lack of an experimentally determined structure, comparative or homology modeling can provide valuable 3D models. Most recently, mutations in the P2RY5 gene have been identified as a cause of Autosomal recessive hypotrichosis in families of different origin. Current study encompasses broad analysis of alterations brings by mutations in P2RY5 gene through Bioinformatics tools and determination of 3D structure of P2RY5 gene product using comparative modeling approach.


A damper mass for use with a Kardanwellenmittenstutzlager is disposed on a non-rotating portion of the bearing and suspended from a spring member for free vibration. It has a resonance that is selected to be the same as that which would otherwise be transmitted from the propeller shaft and drive train components through the bearing to the vehicle. The embodiments shown two are each tunable, so that the damper can be set to have different vibration resonant properties, such as for use with different Kardanwellen- and powertrain configurations necessary.


A phosphorus-containing compound represented by formula (I) and a preparation method thereof are provided. An addition reaction is performed for an organic cyclic phos phorus compound with an aryl aldehyde compound, and then a condensation reaction is performed with an aryl compound having active hydrogen in the use of an organic acid as a catalyst to obtain the proposed phosphorus-con taining compound. This phosphorus-containing compound can be used as a hardener for resin, and improves flame retardant properties and thermal resistance for a flame retardant epoxy resin composition, thereby Suitably applied to resin compositions used for manufacturing printed circuit boards and laminated circuit boards in electronic or electric products.


Background and Study Aim The COVID-19 pandemic has caused many athletes to interrupt their regular training programme The change-of-direction performance is a highly critical parameter for fencing This study aims to investigate the effects of the detraining process caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the change-of-direction performance of fencers Material and Methods The study sample comprised 15 fencers (11 males, 4 females) who were competitors in the U17-20 age categories (mean age: 15 75 +/- 1 51 years;height: 170 30 +/- 7 68 cm;weight: 65 16 +/- 10 83 kg) in Turkey All participants were high school students Branch-specific change-of-direction tests (4-2-2-4-m shuttle and 7-m repeat lunge ability) were measured in the middle of the competition season and after the detraining period The detraining period lasted 31 weeks due to the pandemic process Results The results showed that participants were slower in the post 7-m repeat lunge ability test (23 32 +/- 2 21 sec ) compared with the pre-test (22 38 +/- 1 58 sec ) and participants were slower in the post 4-2-2-4-m shuttle test (6 43 +/- 0 54 sec ) compared with the pre-test (5 84 +/- 0 33 sec ) (p<0 05) Conclusions The present study showed that long-term detraining reduces fencer's change-of- direction performance Basic exercise programs can be arranged to reduce the rate of adverse effects during long-term detraining process


Increasing concern about recent and potential impacts of flooding in the UK are leading to the adoption of risk-based methods for planning, appraisal, design and operation of flood defences. Probabilistic methods for assessment and design of flood defences are relatively well developed in the Netherlands because of the potentially devastating impacts of flooding. However, for reasons described in this paper, reliability methods developed in the Netherlands are not universally applicable in the UK context. This paper describes a test application of a reliability method developed for ring dykes in the Netherlands to the flood defence system at the Caldicot Levels in South Wales. Although constrained by data limitations (even at this relatively data-rich site, by UK standards) the reliability method provides estimates of the probability of failure of the flood defence system, identifies weak system components and identifies which parameters contribute most to the probability of failure. The study has provided recommendations for the future development of reliability-based methods for flood management in the UK.


Subject. We consider expenses of enterprises operating in the sphere of housing and utilities.
Objectives. The purpose is to improve the methodology for cost control of enterprises for the provision of housing and communal services.
Methods. The study employs matrix modeling methods.
Results. We substantiate the need to apply 'reference tariffs' based on 'reference costs' in the housing and utilities sector, propose a matrix model of cost control, which helps identify deviations from the specified reference values and make necessary management decisions.
Conclusions. The resulting model enables to control costs in the housing and utilities sector, to increase the effectiveness of tariff regulation. The offered matrix modeling adapts to the specifics of activities of any economic entity.


The Scandal in Academia [32] [33] [34] [35] is an extended fictional case-study intended for use as a teaching and discussion aid for educational practitioners looking to introduce elements of computer ethics into their curricula. Inspired by Epstein [17] [18] it is a full-cycle scenario involving many individuals which touches upon the complexity and interrelations of modern computer ethics. It has been trailed and evaluated as a teaching tool by the authors [36] and with multiple groups since then. However its utility as a general resource is limited without the academic context that supports deeper investigation of the material. It is to address this issue that the authors offer this commentary on the Scandal, with a focus on the ninth and tenth newspaper items presented within. Specifically these are Culture of Fear and Nepotism at University and Witch-Hunts at the University - IT Crackdown Causes Criticisms.


Casing damage predicting is a difficult technical problem in Petroleum Engineering,base on thorough considering many influencing factors of casing damage and complex mechanism,the method of support vector machine about casing damage predicting is proposed.The support vector machine predicting model is established through data over the years,and the model is applied to predicting practical casing condition.Application results show the new method is effective and dependable,and dynamic casing state judgment is achieved through this new method in normal production,the new method has extensive application circumstance and engineering value.


The thermal decomposition of n‐heptane is an important process in petroleum industry. The theoretical investigations show that the main products are C2H4, H2, and C3H6, which agree well with the experimental results. The products populations depend strongly on the temperature. The quantity of ethylene increases quickly as the temperature goes up. The conversion of n‐heptane and the mole fraction of primary products from reactive molecular dynamic and chemical kinetic modeling are compared with each other. We also investigated the pre‐exponential factor and activation energy for thermal decomposition of n‐heptane by kinetic analysis from the reactive force field simulations, which were extracted to be 1.78×1014s−1 and 47.32 kcal/mol respectively.


Rashid M, Kaish ABMA, Islam MM, Islam MT (2011) Numerical simulation of incompressible flows in one-sided lid-driven square cavity by finite element method. J. Innov. Dev. Strategy. 5(3), 114-119. The paper computes the two-dimensional incompressible flow through one-sided lid driven square cavity based on finite element method (FEM). Unlike the existing finite element method for incompressible flow simulation, which was based on primitive-variables Navier–Stokes equations, the target macroscopic equations of the present model are vorticity-stream function equations. In this investigation, we have tried to present one-sided lid driven square cavity by finite element method with a clear and simple statement using ANSYS 11.0 finite element software. Numerical simulations of one-sided lid-driven square cavity are performed for a range of Reynolds number of 100 to 2000. The results obtained from ANSYS finite element simulation confirm that the present model is acceptable, efficient, stable and simple for two-dimensional incompressible flow. The ANSYS finite element program is useful in this study as well as varieties of enclosed fluid flows.