P atients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can look forward to tremendous benefits with the approval of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Often touted are the exceptional response rates in heavily pretreated patients along with meaningful durability of response and ultimately progressionfree survival that were found in the ZUMA-1 and JULIET studies for axicabtagene ciloleucel (axicel, Yescarta) and tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel, Kymriah), respectively (Neelapu et al., 2017; Schuster et al., 2019). However, these pivotal studies also illustrate that patients achieving less than a complete response (CR) are not enjoying the same benefits compared with those meeting the criteria for CR after CAR T-cell therapy. Additionally, providers must be aware of the potential emergence of CD19 escape variants that have been described in patients relapsing after CAR T-cell therapy (Xu et al., 2019). These disparate outcomes based on depth of response and challenges with CD19-negative relapses demonstrate an unmet need that have investigators eager to build a better CAR.


The most common type of oral cancer is squamous cell carcinoma. In the tumours of the tongue, floor of the mouth & oropharayx, the imaging to localize the size & extent of primary tumor is very essential for planning of surgery & radiotherapy. Total 50 patients were subjected to contrast enhanced CT scans & were simultaneously subjected to MRI for the exact size & location of tumor as well as its spread to sorrounding structures. The staging was done with TNM classification. In our study CT scan has higher sensitivity in detecting the tumor whereas MRI has higher specificity.


The present invention discloses a method of testing a volume resistivity encapsulation EVA film photovoltaic module performs the following steps: 1) Preparation of samples: EVA film on the lower surface of the auxiliary electrode are provided, to obtain a sample; 2) Test resistance: insulation by high volume resistivity analyzer test sample, read the test resistor; 3) volume resistivity was calculated: calculate the size of the volume resistivity of the sample according to the formula 1 EVA film; calculated according to equation 2, or the relative size of the sample volume resistivity of the EVA film; formula 1: ρ1 = RS / L = Rρ density S2 / m; equation 2: ρ2 = R / m. Test method according to the present invention having a measurement error is small, simple operation and high accuracy measurement of the characteristics.


Pollucite (CsAlSi2O6) powders were produced by hydrothermal synthesis from relatively inexpensive precursors. The pollucite powders were comprised of polycrystalline particles with dimensions of hundreds of nanometers consisting of 25-75 nm crystallites. The polycrystalline particles were near stoichiometric composition. The pollucite powders were mixed with a poly(ethylene glycol) binder, pressed into disks, and sintered at temperatures from 1450° to 1550°C for 10 h. The resulting sintered ceramics had densities >80% of theoretical density and, in the best case, >97% of theoretical density.


Bukit Merah Reservoir (BMR) is the oldest reservoir in Malaysia constructed to
supply irrigation water to the Kerian Irrigation Scheme. Depletion of storage capacity due to
sedimentation process is the most concerning issue of the reservoir recently. Sediment analysis
is also very important when monitoring the substances that appear in the reservoir water.
Environmental toxins, like heavy metals and hydrophobic organic components, as well as
nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus are readily bond to the particulate matter. Factors in
the reservoir that affect the particulate matter will aid the distribution of contaminants in the
sediments. The contaminants in the sediments could have higher concentrations compared to
those found in the overlying water. This means that the sediment plays an important role in the
cycling of nutrients and distribution of contaminants in the ecosystem. The objectives of this
research are to determine the relationship of nutrient and heavy metal content for sediment and
overlying water. Nutrient profile information is provided from sediment sample analysis. Based
on the data from the horizontal distribution of surface sediment phosphorus in BMR, it was
apparent that the highest concentration occurred in the reservoir inlet from Sungai Kurau
catchment area. Phosphorus and nitrogen in BMR have a similar trend of decreasing
concentration from upstream to downstream. The phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations of
surface sediment were in fact significantly correlated with phosphorus and nitrogen
concentrations of surface water because of the high value of determination of correlation (R2).
As a conclusion, the deposition of sediments was found to bring along external nutrients.
Variability of phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations in the sediment directly affects the
quality of water which is very important for irrigation and domestic uses.


Hydroclimatology is an expansive discipline largely concerned with understanding the workings of the hydrological cycle in a climate context. Acknowledging this, and given the burgeoning interest in the relation between climate and water in the context of working towards an improved understanding of the impacts of climatic variability on water resources, this progress report turns its attention to the connection between large-scale modes of climatic variability and hydrological variability in streams, lakes and groundwater. A survey of the recent literature finds that a plethora of teleconnection indices have been employed in the analysis of hydrological variability. Indices representing modes of climatic variability such as El Niño Southern Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation, the Pacific North America pattern, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Atlantic Meridional Oscillation dominate the literature on climatic and hydrological variability. While examples of discernible signals of modes of climatic variability in stream flow and lake and groundwater level time series abound, the associations between periodic to quasi-period oscillations in atmospheric/ocean circulation patterns and variability within the terrestrial branch of the hydrological are far from simple, being both monotonic (linear and non-linear) and non-monotonic and also conditional on period of analysis, season and geographic region. While there has been considerable progress over the last five years in revealing the climate mechanisms that underlie the links between climatic and hydrological variability, a bothering feature of the literature is how climatic and hydrological variability is often viewed through a purely statistical lens with little attention given to diagnosing the relationship in terms of atmosphere and ocean physics and dynamics. Consequently, significant progress remains to be made in obtaining a satisfactory hydroclimatological understanding of stream flow, lake and groundwater variability, especially if hydroclimatological knowledge is to be fully integrated into water resource management and planning.


The Bristol case and other 'dangerous doctors' stories have dented the public's confidence in health care professionals, and the regulatory mechanisms in place to protect the public have been found wanting. This article argues for a coherent multiprofessional framework for professional self-regulation.


Using ArcGIS Topology Rules for Improving Data Maintenance for Navy PWCs Track: Defense and Intelligence Author(s): Dale Dunham The Public Works Centers in Navy Regions Japan and Hawaii had converted their GIS data maintenance process to the SDE Geodatabase environment realizing significant efficiencies. With the release of Topology rule-based editing in ArcGIS 8.3, significant process improvements have been made. This talk will present lessons-learned during the implementation of these topology rules and how these improved the overall data maintenance process with regard to data quality and time. This talk will focus on the issues associated with how the Topology rules are deployed with the SDSFIE Geodatabase model. Dale Dunham Geographic Information Services, Inc. 216 Aquarius Drive Suite 319 Birmingham , AL 35209 USA Phone: 205-941-0442 Fax: 205-941-0443 E-mail: email@example.com


: This paper presents a novel framework for the analysis of heat consumption data of buildings connected to a district-heating network using machine learning techniques. The high variability and uncertainty of energy production in new district-heating networks make highly important to have deep insightful knowledge of the instant demand of all the buildings connected to the grid. Thus, the present paper presents a methodology for discovering heat consumption patterns in the buildings as well as a black-box model for heat load prediction. The approach to analyzing the consumption data is carried out by a combination of unsupervised and supervised learning models. The unsupervised learning of the heat consumption patterns is carried out using the widely used k-means algorithm, whereas supervised random-forest algorithm is applied for heat-load forecasting. The proposed framework is applied to a real residential building located in Tartu (Estonia) and connected to a subnetwork of the district-heating network of this location. The unsupervised clustering results in three main day-types with different consumption patterns throughout these days. Silhouette index is used for the validation of the clusters. The outcome from the heat load prediction model results in prediction accuracy over 0.95 for the R 2 value. This paper presents a general framework for analyzing heat consumption data from smart meters. The analyzed data corresponds with hourly heat consumption data from buildings connected to DH networks. This paper provides a general methodology to identify representative usage patterns of the demand allowing to discover deep insightful knowledge behind the energy consumption patterns. Moreover, a model for heat load forecasting is also proposed. Unsupervised clustering by means of k-means is used for the identification of hidden patterns of use of the heat energy in the building, whereas random forest algorithm is applied in the heat load prediction model. The future work will be based on extending this study to all the buildings in the subnetwork (data for more than 40 buildings is available), regardless of the final use of the building. Moreover, different prediction models will be proposed as well as the correlation between clusters needs to be studied.


The influence of processing condition on the depositing rate and diamond content of electroless Ni-P-diamond composite plating was studied as well as the depositing mechanism of composite coating. Results showed that depositing rate increase rapidly with increase of temperature and pH, but litter change with various content of diamond. The content of diamond in the coating did not depended on temperature, but increased first and then decreased with increase of pH. Cations in bath was not adsorbed on the surface of diamond for ζ potential of diamond was negative. Adsorption of diamond particles was depended on mechanical but electric field force.


This research is limited to identifying the causes of the non-application of the conversion of the custodial sentence in the Criminal Courts Unipersonales of the Superior Court of the Judicial District of Trujillo, in the biennium 2014-2015, with regard to determining the conversion penalties, as an alternative mechanism to prison for offenses punishable by short duration, provided for in Article 52 of the Penal Code, which regulates its application to cases where it is not applicable to the suspension of execution of sentence or reservation the conviction, giving the judge the power to convert no more custodial sentence of two years in another fine, or no greater custodial sentence of four years in
another provision of services to the community, or limitation of free days.
Being the object of our study to determine the causes of the non-application of the conversion of imprisonment, to that effect has been made a synthesis regarding inclusion for penal reform, its concept, its implementation and the reasons for revocation and convertible forms governing law, implementation and enforcement.
Work has been developed following research techniques that warrants this thesis, developing concepts of penalty proposed by various authors; It described its characteristics and the various theories on the role of punishment, such as the theory of retribution, special prevention theory and the theory of general prevention; likewise it defined and discussed the various penalties provided for in the Penal Code, with an emphasis on the primacy of punishment as a deterrent method and re-socializing for the agent who committed the crime.
Research has been able to verify that during the biennium 2014-2015, in the District of Trujillo, judges of the Criminal Courts Unipersonales, largely been resolved processes with the suspension of penalties or the reservation of the sentence, which calls our reflection, what would be the causes of why the conversion of penalties in our town is not applied, despite being a viable alternative to short prison terms.
This work would not matter if only it were statistical data or figures, and could even be said that matter if they are only differences of figures; however the application of the conversion of penalties as one of the conclusions to which arrive the researchers, is that it has a better social perception within the community, in relation to judgments with suspended sentence or reserve conviction, which form and generate indicators have been applied for judicial benevolence.
Not to mention that regarding its application urges certain adjustments in their implementation by the National Penitentiary Institute, which despite having the ability to treat the agents that has become his sentence; obviously corresponding to the judiciary through their criminal judges, take the first step and begin to implement this alternative measure of penalty, which of course is not the solution to the ills through the criminal justice system; however we can try your application and on the road will be refined


John Searle describes our sense of freedom as an experience of a "gap" between an intentional action and its psychological antecedents, specifically, our reasons.. Since the gap is itself understood as a lack of causation, then no agent can accept the antecedent determination of voluntary action except at the price of "practical inconsistency." I argue that despite Searle's insightful discussion, the sense of freedom is not an experience of a gap as he describes it but, instead, is a higher-order attitude concerning one's limited grasp of causes. As a result, a determinist can engage in voluntary action without falling into inconsistency. The Issue As practical beings, we act with a sense of freedom or, to use Kant's memorable phrase, "under the idea of freedom." This feeling derives from our experience of alternative courses of action as being open to us, and from our envisagement of a past as partly shaped by our own voluntary doings, and an incomplete future partly subject to our deliberations. There is tremendous emotional investment in this attitude. It is the basis


We present a systematic investigation of the poling-induced electrooptic (EO) effect in germanium and nitrogen codoped channel waveguides. The channel waveguides show attractive properties: (1) almost polarization independent EO effect; (2) a flat frequency response with the modulation frequency up to 100 kHz; and (3) low linear loss and low polarization dependent loss, which demonstrate great technological potential.


As with so much of the sociological literature on the public police, the bulk of the research on police deviance has been undertaken in the United States of America. American scholars have focused their attention almost exclusively on police corruption, so that although there is a considerable literature on this one aspect of police deviance, there is practically no general literature on this subject. This book begins to redress this imbalance by focusing attention on another aspect of police deviance, namely, organisational deviance.


INTRODUCTION: Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal bone marrow disorder
characterized by abnormalities in hematopoietic stem cell. Many patients with MDS become
transfusion therapy dependent and are prone to iron overload. The latter is caused by
frequent transfusions and intrinsic characteristics of the disease. It is well known that HFE
gene mutations (C282Y and H63D) lead to iron accumulation and cause hereditary
hemochromatosis (HH). HFE gene mutations possibly affect disease course and prognosis
of MDS.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This research included 37 patients diagnosed with MDS in
Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, from 2008 to 2014. Patients were genetically tested for
HFE gene mutations and effect of these mutations on iron metabolism parameters, overall
survival (OS) and progression to leukemia were assesed.
RESULTS: We have proved that C282Y mutation has significantly unfavourable effect on
overall survival in patients with MDS. H63D mutation showes trend toward significance in OS
when compared to wild type (wt) patients. We observed unfavourable effect of H63D
mutation on MDS progression to leukemia frequency. HFE gene mutations incidence in
healthy Croatian blood donors and in our patients does not differ significantly. Iron
metabolism parameters analysis reveals that patients with H63D mutation have significantly
lower TIBC levels and among them the transfusion naive patients have significantly higher
ferritin levels. We did not observe statistically significant difference in other iron metabolism
parameters.
DISCUSSION: Our study found statistically insignificant difference in HFE mutations
frequencies between healthy population and patients diagnosed with MDS. This observation
is accordant with foreign authors' views and studies, as is our data that confirm evident effect
of HFE mutations on iron metabolism. Probably the most notable finding of this study is the
IV
effect of HFE mutations on OS which is significantly worse in patients with mutated gene.
These findings arouse dilemmas whether every MDS patient should be genetically tested for
HFE mutations and whether earlier iron chelators therapy consideration in mutated patients
is rational.
CONCLUSION: A relative number of mutated individuals among MDS patients is higher than
among healthy individuals but we were not able to prove statistically significant difference.
HFE mutations have a poor effect on survival and progression to leukemia in MDS patients.
Furthermore, HFE mutations' effect on iron parameters resulting in iron overload was noted.


In June 2005 we used a 38‐kHz ADCP and two Simrad fishery echosounders to collect backscatter data and passive acoustic array recordings of sperm whale sounds, as part of the Sperm Whale Seismic Study (SWSS). Dive profiles and presumed foraging depths of the whales were derived using a 3‐D tracking technique [see abstract by Thode and Norris (this conference)]. Relationships are examined between dive profiles and acoustic backscatter intensity measurements from the main deep scattering layer (DSL) at a daytime depth of 400–600 m. Passive detections of creaks, believed to be associated with prey acquisition, are merged with dive profiles to provide insight between mid‐water backscatter returns and foraging effort. Results to date indicate whales diving in three depth ranges: deeper than 800 m, between 500 and 800 m, and less than 500 m. Dive patterns indicate some whales dive through the main DSL into deeper secondary layers seen by the 38‐kHz ADCP. There seems to be no difference in dive patterns between ...


In this paper, we investigate analytically the properties of the disordered Bernoulli model of planar matching. This model is characterized by a topological phase transition, yielding complete planar matching solutions only above a critical density threshold. We develop a combinatorial procedure of arcs expansion that explicitly takes into account the contribution of short arcs and allows us to obtain an accurate analytical estimation of the critical value by reducing the global constrained problem to a set of local ones. As an application to a toy representation of the RNA secondary structures, we suggest generalized models that incorporate a one-to-one correspondence between the contact matrix and the RNA-type sequence, thus giving sense to the notion of effective non-integer alphabets.


ABERNATHY, KRISTEN KOBYLUS. Existence of Solutions to Nonlinear Boundary Value Problems at Resonance. (Under the direction of Jesús Rodŕıguez.) The focus of this paper is the study of nonlinear dynamical time-systems subject to general boundary conditions. We first consider nonlinear differential equations of the form y(t) + · · ·+ a1(t)y(t) + a0(t)y(t) = f(y(t)) + (Gy)(t); 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 subject to the boundary conditions b11y(0) + · · ·+ b1ny(0) + d11y(1) + · · ·+ d1ny(1) = 0 b21y(0) + · · ·+ b2ny(0) + d21y(1) + · · ·+ d2ny(1) = 0 .. bn1y(0) + · · ·+ bnny(0) + dn1y(1) + · · ·+ dnny(1) = 0. We provide sufficiency conditions for existence of solutions based on the dimension of the solution space of the corresponding linear, homogeneous boundary value problem, the asymptotic behavior of the nonlinear real-valued function f, and the "size" of the nonlinear function G. Next we consider parameter dependent vector equations of the form ẋi(t) = ai(t)xi(t) + fi(ε, t, x1(t), · · · , xn(t)), i = 1, 2, · · · , n, subject to two-point boundary conditions bixi(0) + dixi(1) = 0, i = 1, 2, · · · , n. We present an argument for existence of solutions for the case when the corresponding linear, homogeneous boundary value problem is at full resonance. We conclude by analyzing discrete, nonlinear systems of the form y(k + n) + · · ·+ a0(k)y(k) = f(y(k)) + J ∑ l=0 w(k, l)g(l, y(l), · · · , y(l + n− 1)) subject to the multipoint boundary conditions n ∑ j=1 bij(0)y(j − 1) + n ∑ j=1 bij(1)y(j) + · · ·+ n ∑ j=1 bij(J)y(j + J − 1) = 0 for i = 1, 2, · · · , n. Again, we formulate sufficiency conditions based on the assumption that the corresponding linear, homogeneous system has a nontrivial solution space. The Lyapunov-Schmidt Procedure plays a crucial role in establishing existence of solutions and we offer a self-contained presentation of the basic ideas of the Lyapunov-Schmidt Procedure. Existence of Solutions to Nonlinear Boundary Value Problems at Resonance by Kristen Kobylus Abernathy A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy


Objective To observe the effect of immunity in the pulmonary tuberculosis treated by the UTILN"S". Methods The change in the the T-lymphocyte subsets and NK cell and immunoglobulin of pulmonary tuberculosis was recorded. Results Anti-TB drug united the UTILN"S" improved CD 3 and the rata of CD 4/CD 8 in pulmonary tuberculosis (P0.01).NKcell amelionated slightly (P0.05).The level of the serumal immunoglobulin had litte change. Conclusion The UTILN"S" may improve the funtry of cellular immunity in pulmonary tuberculosis.


The U.S. Department of Energy in 1978 began to explore the Yucca Mountain, Nevada, site for its suitability as a repository for high-level radioactive waste and spent fuel. The U.S. Senate approved the project on July 9, 2002. On July 23, 2003, President Bush signed Resolution 87 allowing the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to take further steps on the road to the establishment of a repository. DOE is currently drafting the application for a permit to be filed with the competent Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Opponents of the repository sought to obtain a court decision killing the project. In its ruling of July 9, 2004, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit dealt with a number of objections to regulations and decisions by U.S. federal agencies in connection with plans to build the Yucca Mountain repository. The main complainant in that procedure was the state of Nevada, on the territory of which Yucca Mountain is situated. The legal argument focused on the Nuclear Waste Policy Act (NWPA) and the Energy Policy Act (EnPA). The differentiated decision by the court is analyzed, and its importance in further proceedings about the Yucca Mountain site and in the repository debate in Germany is discussed.


Objective To determine the clinical, demographic and imaging characteristics of a Turkish cohort with aquaporin-4-antibody positive (AQP4-IgG+) neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) from a single center. Background NA. Design/Methods 35 patients seen between January-2008 and December-2020 with a diagnosis of AQP4-IgG+NMOSD who could be studied in detail were included in the study. Inclusion criteria for patients with NMOSD diagnosis was defined according to International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria (Wingerchuk et al.2015) and all patients were confirmed for AQP4-IgG positive serology at least once by Euroimmune transfected cells assay (EU90). Demographic, clinical and MRI data were obtained retrospectively. Results The female-to-male ratio was 16.5: 1. The mean age of disease onset was 26,16±10,96 years for patients with optic neuritis onset (n:12), and 43.17±11,95 for the subgroup that started with transverse myelitis (TM) (n:16), confirming a significant difference of age at onset according to the first attack type (p < 0.001). The mean age at onset in 5 patients with area postrema syndrome was 35,74±16,83. Half of the total attacks occurred within the first year of disease onset (98/196). The mean time to diagnosis was 2,98±5,78 years after the initial attack. Disease duration was 10,06±9,76 years. Cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands were studied in 24 and were positive in 25%. An autoimmune rheumatologic disease comorbidity was present in 34.5% of the patients. In patients with MRI disclosing = 2 McDonald dissemination in space criteria (spinal included) was more common in TM group and correlated with a higher disability (EDSS) score. Conclusions Turkish AQP4-IgG+NMOSD patients whose disease start with optic neuritis have an earlier age of onset compared to the ones with TM onset. Half of the total attacks occur within the first year of disease onset. Patients with = 2 McDonald MRI dissemination in space criteria were more common in the TM group and had a higher disability (EDSS) score.


By analyzing the Layered Messages Handling Mechanism in Windows,a method of solving a practical problem encountered in windows application programming is presented.The layer of the solution in this method is lowered from application′s forms to application′s frames.The goal of changing the application′s defanlt excution order is achieved.


By insertion of a fast mechanical Q-switch into the resonator, continuous discharge CO2 lasers can yield high peak power pulses at multi-kHz repetition rate. First experiments have been done with diffusion-cooled low-pressure CO2 lasers. For this type of laser the pulse energy can only be increased by increasing the length of the active medium. A limit is given by the onset of uncontrolled self oscillation which prevents regular Q-switched operation. Single pulse energies can apparently not exceed 30 mJ at 250 ns pulse duration for this type of laser. Fast gas-flow convection-cooled laser discharges allow us to increase the stored energy by increasing diameter and pressure of the active medium as well as the electrical power density. We present the results of Q-switching of a 5 kW industrial laser. Our Q-switch is scalable in optical power. It is based on a fast chopper and a conical mirror. In some experiments we tuned the laser over a wide range by a diffraction grating. The influence of gas pressure and mixtures as well as discharge parameters has been studied. Single pulse energies of 100 mJ have been found, limited by the electrical input power density.


The microwave-assisted extraction technologies of shikimic acid from pine needle are studied,the influences of microwave temperature,ratio of liquor,microwave power,ethanol concentration and microwave time on shikimic acid extraction rate are investigated,and the technological conditions are optimized through orthogonal test.The results show that the optimum conditions are as follows: microwave temperature 35 ℃,ratio of material to liquor 1∶20(g/mL),microwave power 550 W,ethanol concentration 35%,and microwave time 90 s.The extraction rate of shikimic acids can reach 11.312 mg/g in the optimum conditions.


a rapid multiorgan involvement. Peculiar characteristics of IVLBCL result in tumour cells involving all types of organs, mainly bone marrow, the central nervous system and skin, with insult to organs resulting from transient or permanent vascular occlusion. Even if the lymphoma is usually disseminated extensively at presentation and the overall mortality rate is thought to be > 80%, in case of cutaneous involvement, such as our own, skin biopsy is a quick, minimally invasive and highly informative procedure. However, it is not possible to treat all cases ante-mortem. Studies suggest that IVLBCL responds remarkably well to rituximab-containing chemotherapy (R-CHOP). If possible, also high-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell rescue or aggressive combined therapy with high doses of methotrexate should be considered. However, in our case, the rapid course and aggressiveness did not allow for any treatments.


Seismic monitoring at the Hanford Site was established in 1969 by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) under a contract with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. In 1975 the University of Washington assumed responsibility for and expanded the network. In 1979 the Basalt Waste Isolation Program (BWIP) became responsible for collecting seismic data for the site as part of site characterization. Rockwell International Operations followed by Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC), Geosciences Group, operated the local network and were the contract technical advisors for the Eastern Washington Regional Network operated by the University of Washington. Funding ended for BWIP in December 1988. Seismic Monitoring and the University of Washington contract was then transferred WHC`s Environmental Division. Seismic Monitoring is currently assigned to WHC`s Hanford Technical Services (HTS), part of the Environmental Division. The Seismic Monitoring Analysis and Repair Team (SMART) operates, maintains, and analyzes data from the Hanford Seismic Network (HSN), extending the site historical seismic database and fulfilling U.S. Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office requirements and orders. The Seismic Monitoring Analysis and Repair Team also maintains the Eastern Washington Regional Network (EWRN). The University of Washington uses the data from the EWRN and other seismic networks in the Northwest to provide the SMART with necessary regional input for the seismic hazards analysis at the Hanford Site.


Phased array antenna is increasingly applied for satellite communication on the move terminals. Phased array antenna radiation pattern has been evaluated in the conventional facilities by measuring the entire sphere or plane from different steering angles. As the demand of satellite communication is growing, it is required to make the terminal antenna evaluation process faster than ever before. In this paper, new framework to partially evaluate phased array antenna characteristics is proposed by introducing dynamical UAV system with RF payload. The process of the evaluation can be accelerated by focusing on a few key aspects such as transition of the multiple beam peaks gain and their directions as steering angle is changed. UAVs can track multiple beams autonomously thanks to the trained system by reinforcement learning algorithm.


Abstract : Over the past two decades, the United States has fielded an extensive collection of facilities and systems designed to direct and control strategic nuclear forces before and during a nuclear war. This strategic command, control, and communications system, referred to as C3, consists of ground-based radars and early-warning satellites; land-based and airborne command centers; and elaborate communications networks. The role of C3 is to alert authorities to a possible attack, permit assessment of the attack's size and targets, and convey the President's orders for retaliation. Despite the importance of these C3 systems, the recent public debate over the adequacy of U.S. nuclear forces has largely overlooked the C3 system, emphasizing instead the need to update the bombers, submarines, and land-based missiles that would deliver strategic weapons. Far less attention has been given to the C3 system, though it has been termed the weakest link in the nation's present strategic forces. The need to make major investments in C3 modernization is considered in some quarters to be an urgent one. Investment in C3 systems in recent years has largely sought to correct deficiencies in current operations and improve performance of existing assets. To that end, the Defense Department is providing "survivable" ground stations for early-warning satellites, and improving selected command-post aircraft. Compared to the expenditures projected for the offensive strategic forces over the coming 5 years, the costs of modernizing the C3 system are modest. Spending for the nuclear forces could exceed $130 billion by the end of fiscal year 1986; the three alternative approaches to C3 modernization would range in cost from $8.9 billion to $9.8 billion. The options are as follows: Option I - Improve System Responsiveness in the Trans-Attack Period, Option II - Improve System Endurance in the Post-Attack Period, and Option III - Improve Both System Responsiveness and Endurance.


Automated classification of citation function in scientific text is a new emerging research topic inspired by traditional citation analysis in applied linguistic and scientometric fields. The aim is to classify citations in scholarly publication in order to identify author's purpose or motivation for quoting or citing a particular paper. Several citation schemes have been proposed to classify the citations into different functions. However, it is extremely challenging to find standard scheme to classify citations, and some of the proposed schemes have similar functions. Moreover, most of previous studies mainly used classical machine learning methods such as support vector machine and neural networks with a number of manually created features. These features are incomplete and suffer from time-consuming and error prone weakness. To address these problems, we present a new citation scheme with less functions and propose a deep learning model for classification. The citation sentences and author's information were fed to convolutional neural networks to build citation and author representations. A corpus was built using the proposed scheme and a number of experiments were carried out to assess the model. Experimental results have shown that the proposed approach outperforms the existing methods in term of accuracy, precision and recall.


The reality of our big cities shows how the compact city is being transformed into a city always more disperse and fragmented, with more extensive outskirts, and more diffuse limits. The scattering of the city through the territory has been accompanied, in general, with a certain loss of its traditional complexity, due to the functional similarity and the spatial separation of the different parts which comprise its urban structure. In this context, the use of the urban land registry as a repository of spatial data, is of great interest in the functional investigation of the city. The work that we present aims to define a methodology that approximates to the typological identification of basic structural units of the modern city, in the suburban municipality of Getafe (Madrid), starting from the potential combination of existing uses of each plot of land in the land registry.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Volumen 8, Numero 2 Otono, 2015; 59-79


Recently, interest in medical news has taken a new turn. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has begun releasing some research results directly to physicians and the public before authors have published the results in or even submitted the results to a medical journal


The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Turkey, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, is a reflection of the global public health crisis, which was declared by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020 (World Health Organization, 2020a). As the virus is highly contagious and can quickly spread among people, cases started to appear across the country in a short time. All age groups in the community are at risk of becoming infected with the COVID-19. However, older adults are predisposed to have a more severe disease due to comorbid situations, including hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive heart disease, and renal failure, which reduce vitality and resilience (Zhou et al., 2020). Age-related decline in physiological reserve and the altered innate immune system, called immunosenescence, increases the risk of severe infections in older adults (Weiskopf et al., 2009). But the knowledge obtained from the previous outbreaks or flu seasons could not explain the unexpectedly higher risk of death with the increasing number of chronic diseases of aged people.While no evidence-based treatment strategy exists presently, social distancing has been the primary measure to prevent the spread of the virus. In this situation, the COVID-19 outbreak may cause some mental health issues in older individuals with no mental illness, as well as recurrence of the disease in people with psychiatric illness and stress in both themselves and relatives. In response to this process, the changes in the delivery of mental health services have to meet the needs of older adults better worldwide. This paper focuses on Turkey's fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, the problems in geropsychiatric care, and their solutions encountered during the period of social isolation of older adults. The precautions to be taken during the outbreak, which seems to have a dynamic process, may change rapidly. This challenge may continue until we have a coronavirus vaccine. Epidemiology The first confirmed case of COVID-19 infection was reported on March 10, 2020, much later than in many European countries (Turkish Ministry of Health, 2020a; World Health Organization, 2020b). The first report of death from COVID-19 came on March 17, 2020, when the total number of cases had reached 98 (Turkish Ministry of Health, 2020a). As of May 12, 141,475 confirmed cases and 3,894 deaths from COVID-19 reported by the Turkish Ministry of Health. The preliminary estimated mortality rate is 2.75%, which is lower than the estimated global average of 6.2% (Turkish Ministry of Health, 2020b; World Health Organization, 2020c). However, these numbers are calculated among the closed cases and are subject to change dynamically as the number of discharged individuals increase. Although the TurkishHealthMinister's daily briefings have persistently addressed the disease as disproportionately severe in older people, information on confirmed cases anddeaths in different age groupswas still not available to the public as of May 12, 2020.


Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-ADHD is a developmental nervous behavioural disorder mostly diagnosed in childhood and rarely in adults. Characteristic clinical features in adults are mainly, hyperactivity, attention deficit and impulsiveness instability in interpersonal relations and alcohol abuse which can cause poor occupational, academic and social performance in future.
As ADHD is usually undiagnosed in adults because of its poor knowledge of the symptoms. Need of study is to see the prevalence of ADHD among individuals, as ADHD youth are at high risk of a wide range of adverse psychiatric outcomes.
Methodology: This observational study was performed in 307 young female & male of all the fields aged between 18-24, according to Newman's classification. The subjects were screened for ADHD by Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) which has two parts- inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive. This questionnaire was sent through Google Form.
Results: Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft Excel 10th version. According to ASR Scale among 307, 5.53% were highly likely to have inattentiveness and 6.64% were highly likely to have hyper activeness and impulsiveness. In 207 females 6.28%, 5.79% were highly likely to be inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive and in 100 males 9%,4% were highly likely to be hyperactive/impulsive, inattentive.
Conclusion: Total prevalence of Adult ADHD is 11.40%. Among all the participants, prevalence of ADHD for Part-A (Inattentive) is 5.53% and Part-B (Hyperactive/Impulsive) is 6.64%. Out of total, 0.977% got mixed symptoms of ADHD.

Keywords: Young individuals, ASRS, Adult ADHD, Inattentive, Hyperactive, Impulsive.


Background: Some women experience dysmenorrhea (painful cramps during menstruation) which can significantly affect their daily activities. We purposed to assess the perception and health care seeking towards dysmenorrhea among students of Umm al-Qura University in Makkah. Methods: This cross section study directed to Umm Al-Qura undergraduate female students aging 18 to 30 years was conducted during the period from September to October 2021. We collected data using online questionnaire, which covered student's socio-demographic data, dysmenorrhea clinical data, student's perception towards dysmenorrhea and healthcare seeking. Results: Exact of 412 participants with mean age of 20.5 ± 1.7 years old were included. Of them, exact 373 (90.5%) experienced dysmenorrhea during their menstrual cycle. The dysmenorrhea was severe among 167 (44.8%), moderate among 176 (47.2%), and mild among 30 (8.0%). The frequently reported self-care practices towards dysmenorrhea were home remedies (44.2%), followed by ignoring the pain (23.6%), and self-medication (23.3%). Only 54 (14.55%) students consulted a health-care profession for dysmenorrhea. A total of 198 (53.1%) students had good perception level towards dysmenorrhea. Conclusions: High dysmenorrhea prevalence was noted. About half of participants showed good perception level towards dysmenorrhea except for being undesirable and bothersome pain. The pain was moderate to severe among the majority of females contributing to social withdrawal, lack of concentration, and poor academic performance.


Graphical models are the most prominent probabilistic inference framework in recent AI. They generalize deterministic logical propositional reasoning, which presents the important property of not requiring the processing of an entire theory for solving a query, but only its relevant parts. This property is lost in the generalization to graphical models since the entire model typically becomes relevant to the exact solution to a query. We present an algorithm, Probabilistic Resolution (PR), that generalizes logical resolution and provides a tradeoff between not processing the entire model and accuracy – the larger the processed portion of the model, the more accurate the solution. PR is an anytime bounded approximation algorithm, which is a useful class of algorithms in itself, but goes beyond that because, unlike other algorithms in this class, does not need to have the entire model available in advance. This property is particularly useful when models are dynamically (and expensively) built, as in Knowledge-Based Model Construction and First-order probabilistic inference. Also, PR offers a bridge towards deterministic resolution and the rich literature on it. We present the theory and some experiments supporting Probabilistic Resolution.


This paper presents an improved sampling-based downconversion topology design for multi-standard RF subsampling receiver. Wideband RF receiver architecture is proposed for multimode processing with high-level integration. By an appropriate choice of subsampling frequency complete multistandard RF bands are downconverted to IF domain. Baseband downconversion is achieved by a second subsampling stage. Original results are presented for the analogue IF bandpass anti-aliasing filter design by addressing optimization of sampling frequencies choice adapted to GSM, UMTS and IEEE-802.11g multistandard radio receiver. ADS simulation results are presented to evaluate designed subsampling downconversion stage performances.


The objectives of this study were to evaluate the combining ability of 10 popcorn populations in a circulant diallel; to test the viability of superior hybrids; and to identify genetic composites for intrapopulation breeding. In four contrasting environments, 30 treatments were evaluated for grain yield (GY), plant height (PLH) and popping expansion (PE), in a random block design with four replications. Results indicated that the evaluation of treatments in a larger group of environments favors the expression of variability in genotypes. The additive effects for PE and the dominance effects for GY and PLH were highest. GY and PE of the combinations UNB2U-C1 x Angela and Braskalb x Angela were outstanding. The predicted mean PE and GY were highest for hybrid UNB2U-C1 x Angela and the composite formed by these parents (26.54 mL g -1 and 1,446.09 kg ha -1 respectively).


This paper examines trends in legal and effective social protection coverage for pensions in over 170 countries for three points in time 1990, 2000 and 2013. It considers the extension of coverage by laws and regulations over time and examines to what extent they are actually implemented in practice and quantifies gaps between coverage by laws and regulations and their effective implementation. In examining the legal and effective coverage and assessing how effective the various types of schemes are at reaching their intended beneficiaries, this paper distinguishes between contributory (social insurance on a compulsory or on a voluntary basis) and non-contributory (tax-financed) social protection mechanisms. The analysis shows that according to laws and regulations, social protection for pensions is still primarily directed at employees but is gradually being extended to the self-employed. Over the last two decades, the percentage of people of working age legally covered by an old age pension worldwide, has increased by 45 percentage points. In terms of effective implementation of legal coverage, since 2000, less than 60 per cent of the increase in legal pension coverage was effectively implemented.


: Loop tiling is a well-known compiler transformation that increases data locality exposes parallelism and reduces synchronization costs. Tiling increases the amount of data reuse that can be exploited by reordering the loop iterations so that accesses to the same data are closer together in time [2]. Loop tiling is effective to improve hit ratio of cache. However, while eliminating self interference miss, tiling may produce small tiling factors for the cases of some arrays [3]. This paper presents a new algorithm for choosing problem-size dependent tiles based on the cache size, cache line size that eliminates the self-interference misses and uses 100% of available cache size. This algorithm covers the entire problem array size with the selected tile size. The tile size selection is our choice, so based on the different tile sizes available for A[i][j], we can choose a rectangular or square tile size.


Hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate (DMO) is a potentially important process in C1 chemistry, which produces ethylene glycol (EG) around 473 K and ethanol with higher alcohols (propanol, butanol, etc.) around 553 K. However, the detailed inter-relationship of formation paths for these products has not yet been discussed properly. In this study, we found that the formation paths of higher alcohols from DMO were inhibited around 473 K. On the basis of these results, a two-reactor system with different reaction temperatures was suggested to obtain less of the higher alcohols and more ethanol. Besides, it is found that a higher density of basic sites in the catalyst favors the formation of higher alcohols. An aluminum dopant was applied to decrease the basic sites in the catalysts accompanied by an increment of ethanol selectivity. When the aluminum-doped catalysts were introduced into the two-reactor system, a further improvement in ethanol selectivity was achieved.


The work presents the experimental investigation of the laser welding of the aluminum-lithium alloys (system Al-Mg-Li) and aluminum alloy (system Al-Cu-Li) doped with Sc. The influence of the nano-structuring of the surface layer welded joint by the cold plastic deformation method on the strength properties of the welded joint is determined. It is founded that, regarding the deformation degree over the thickness, the varying value of the welded joint strength is different for these aluminum alloys.


Analysis was made of the electrocardiograms of 11 patients who experienced digitalis intoxication. Such toxicity was characterized electrocardiographically by atrio-ventricular dissociation with non-paroxysmal nodal tachycardia and an AV nodal rate above 70. It was demonstrated in this series that awareness that digitalis in excess enhances impulse formation in AV junctional tissue can be of life-saving importance.


Three useful developments in the preparation of guanidines are presented herein. Ac ollection of bis(Boc)ami- noalkylguanidines (n = 2, 3, 4a nd 6; Boc = tert-butoxycar- bonyl), known to be pron et oc yclisation ,h ave been syn- thesised and isolated without chromatography as shelf- stable sulfonate salts in good yield (up to 94 %). Secondly, as electio no fg uanidines tethered to ar ange of other func- tional groups ,i ncluding alkyne, alkene, alcohol, and azide, have been prepared in good yields with no requirement for ap urification step, an dt hirdly an inexpensive, high-yielding (93 %), and facile synthesis of N,N'-bis(Boc)guanidine, ak ey precursor for N,N'-bis(Boc)-N'-triflylguanidine, is described in which the need for chromatographic purification is again obviated.


Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of brine and meat temperature on the processing characteristics of pork knuckle hams and bacon. Experiment 1 used 111 pork knuckles tempered to 4°C, randomly allotted to 1 of 3 in-going brine temperatures; 1) –1°C (Cold), 2) 7.2°C (Medium), or 3) 15°C (Warm). Experiment 2 used 59 hams, randomly allotted to 1 of 3 brine temperatures similar to Experiment 1 but meat was tempered to match brine temperature resulting in treatments of: 1) Cold/Cold, 2) Medium/Medium, and 3) Warm/Warm. Experiment 3 used the same treatments as Experiment 1, but applied to bellies (N = 60). Experiments 1 and 3 were analyzed as randomized complete block designs and Experiment 2 was analyzed as a completely randomized design. In Experiment 1, there was no effect (P ≥ 0.32) of brine temperature on processing traits, but L* of warm-brine hams were 1.2 units greater (P = 0.02) than cold-brine hams, but not different (P = 0.19) than medium-brine. Cold-brine hams tended (P = 0.07) to have greater a* than warm-brine hams. In Experiment 2, drained-brine-uptake of Warm/Warm and Medium/Medium hams were 14 and 10% units greater (P < 0.0001) than Cold/Cold hams, resulting in 9.09 and 10.65% units greater (P < 0.0001) overall yield. Warm/Warm and Medium/Medium hams had greater moisture content (P < 0.01) and tended to have reduced (P = 0.10) L* than Cold/Cold hams, but did not differ (P = 0.18) a*. In Experiment 3, brine temperature had no effect (P ≥ 0.14) on any bacon processing trait, composition, or sensory traits. Overall, brine temperature alone had minimal effects on ham or bacon processing traits, but in combination with meat temperature, may influence processing yields and product quality.


graphy versus angiography in the staging of malignant renal neoplasm. Brit. Radiol., 54; 744-753 (1981). 10) Robson C ]., Chorchill R. M., Anderson W.: The results of radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. ]. Urol., 101; 297-301 (1969). 11) Sagel S. S., Stanley R. J.. Levitt R. G., Geisse G.: Computed tomography of the kidney. Radiology, 124; 359-370 (1977). 12) Skinner D. G., VermilIon C. D., Colvin R. n. The surgical management of renal cell carcinoma. J. Urol., 107; 705-710 (1972). 13) Steele ]. R., Sones P. J.. Heffner L. T. jr.: The detection of inferior vena caval thrombosis with computed tomography. Radiology, 128; 385-386 (1978). 14) Vasile M., Lacrosniere L., Abbon C, Larde D.: Extension veineuse des cancers du rein. (Role de la TDM). J. de Radiol., 62; 615-620 (1981). 15) Weyman P. J., Mc Clennan B. L., Stanley R. ]., Levitt R. G., Sagel S. S.: Comparison of computed tomography and angiography in the evaluation of renal cell carcinoma. Radiology, 137; 417-424 (1980). 16) Karp W., Ekelund L., Olafsson G., Olsson A.: Computed tomography, angiography and ultrasound in staging of renal carcinoma. Acta Radiol., ::2; 625-633 (1981).


Takeing customers who have experienced dissatisfaction as the respondents,this paper investigates influencing of service failures and service recovery on customer satisfaction.The results indicated that service failures and service secovery affect customer satisfaction directly.The theoretical contribution and implications of the research findings are suggested.


Do the metric patterns supply indications on the composition of the epic text? Following the work of G. E. Duckworth on the song IV of the Aeneid, the study of these patterns revealsactually the attention carried by the poet to the microstructural composition rather than macrostructural thanks to the use of opposite, inverse or identical patterns, even particular as the spondaic hexameter.


Discourse space is a key element in conveying concepts in a play text. This article will look forward to answer this question how metaphors could be used in discourse about social and historical problems and their usage in play texts as a linguistic form. Hence we will use George Lakoff and Zoltan Kovecses views and then we will show how metaphors which are the building blocks of Language and Culture, are used to help form the discourse space. Lakoff and Kovecses look to discourse space, as a result of interaction between mind, body and type of the culture that interactors live within. Hence in a play text, we will face a complex interaction between writer's / audience mind in one hand, and experience and physical and mental abstraction on the other hand. Also the context where the play text is formed in, and the context where it is comprehend, are the key elements. This article will show how by using metaphors and cultural and historical contexts, Akbar Radi has managed to create a complex and deductive discourse space in Ofool text. So at first, we are facing linguistic metaphors which act in text structures (dialogues, atmospheres and characterizations), and in higher level, we are facing conceptual metaphors which act by making connection between play text origination and audience experiences that merge contextual discourse space into audience mind space which will result in a new discourse space.


The article describes a working model for conceptualization of disablement in infants and young children. A series of adult disablement models is reviewed, and suggestions are made for the adaptation of these models for the description of childhood disablement. The usefulness of this working model is illustrated through a discussion of the development of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory, a new functional assessment instrument for infants and young children. This working model can serve as the foundation for future measurement innovations in childhood disablement for the purpose of improved diagnosis, discrimination, and evaluation.


Assessment of possible exposures to 2,3,7,8-TCDD originating from the IWD plant depends on comparison of 2,3,7,8-TCDD levels in serum of study subjects with some measure of the expected range of concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in the serum of the "typical population" not exposed to emissions from IWD, matched as far as possible to the study subjects in terms of at least age and gender, and preferably also taking account of percentage body fat, dietary habits and other relevant lifestyle factors. Possible approaches to establishing "typical population" levels include:


Objective To investigate the effects of propofol on plasma lipoperoxide(LPO),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase(Cu-ZnSOD) in the patients undergoing general anesthesia.Methods Fifty-one selective surgical patients were divided randomly into two groups of A(26 cases,anesthetized by propofol pumping) and B(25 cases,anesthetized by sevoflurane inhalation).Plasma LOP and the activities of GSH-Px and Cu-ZnSOD were determined before(T0),at the end of operation(T1) and 12 h after operation(T2).Results At T1 and T2,plasma concentrations of LPO in group A were(5.78±1.69) μmol/L and(4.65±0.96) μmol/L,which were significantly lower than(7.23±1.01) μmol/L and(8.16±1.21) μmol/L in group B(P0.01).At T1 and T2,the activities of GSH-Px[(658.0±87.9) U/L vs.(365.0±45.6) U/L and(769.0±89.6) U/L vs.(266.0±55.2) U/L] and Cu-ZnSOD[(465.68±9.12) μg/L vs.(265.55±9.23) μg/L and(526.95±41.25) μg/L vs.(236.31±9.37) μg/L] were significantly higher in group A than those in group B(P0.01).Conclusion Intravenous anesthesia with propofol can increase the activities of GSH-Px and Cu-ZnSOD,suggesting that propofol has obvious antioxidation.


Although it is a foreseeable thing that China is recognized as a market economy, the current subsidy system in China is still not fully in conformity with the WTO rules. It might be possible that the Chinese government will find more legal grounding in the anti-dumping dispute settlement and the Chinese exports will meet fewer risks of anti-dumping measures after China is recognized as a market economy. Meanwhile, the Chinese exports will have more risks of being levied countervailing duties. Therefore, it is an urgent task for us to study how to reform the current subsidy system and make it in conformity with the multilateral trade system.


of severe portal hypertension throughout the study (high in UDC vs. low in pre-ACLF and SDC). Conclusions: Acute decompensation without ACLF is a hetero-geneous condition with 3 different clinical courses and 2 major pathophysiological mechanisms: systemic in fl ammation and portal hypertension. Predicting the development of ACLF remains a major future challenge.


Object detection is considered a hot research topic in applications of artificial intel-ligence and computer vision. Historically, object detection was widely used in var-ious fields like surveillance, fine-grained activities and robotics. All studies focus on improving accuracy for object detection using images, whether indoor or outdoor scenes. Therefore, this paper took a shot by improving the doable features extraction and proposing crossed sliding window approach using exiting classifiers for object de-tection. In this paper, the contribution includes two parts: First, improving local depth pattern feature along side SIFT and the second part explains a new technique presented by proposing crossed sliding window approach using two different types of images (colored and depth). Two types of features local depth patterns for detection (LDPD) and scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) were merged as one feature vector. The RGB-D object dataset has been used and it consists of 300 different objects and in-cludes thousands of scenes. The proposed approach achieved high results comparing to other features or separated features that are used in this paper. All experiments and comparatives were applied on the same dataset for the same objective. Experimental results report a high accuracy in terms of detection rate, recall, precision and F1 scorein RGB-D scenes.


To compare and evaluate the soil bacterial community composition in Maoershan National Forest Park, we analyzed soil samples from four replicated land-use types (hardwood forests, cultivated lands, settlement and slash lands) using a denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method based on 16s rRNA gene fragments. Forty-two DGGE bands were successfully excised for sequencing. Our results revealed that the conversion of natural forest to other land-use types had a significant effect on the soil bacterial community. Bacteroidetes  was absent in forest soils. Beta-Proteobacteria  was unique to settlement soils, whereas Cyanobacteria  and  Verrucomicrobia  were absent in agricultural soils. Additionally,  Acidobacteria  and Proteobacteria  (α, β, γ, δ classes) were the dominant bacterial communities in all soils. Thus, conversion of the forest land into other land-use types resulted in changes in the bacterial communities which might affect the productivity of the soil ecosystem. Together these results suggested that the utility of using sequence-based approaches to analyze bacterial communities provides detailed information on individual bacterial community composition and permit the robust assessment of the biogeographical patterns.


Future environmental perception (EP) in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is expected to interconnect massive sensing objects, merge various intelligent technologies, and efficiently control devices to adapt to a complex environment. It will optimize overall production value, including improving product quality, promoting multisensor collaboration, and decreasing energy consumption and costs. Current EP perceives the industrial environmental information through industrial sensors that are controlled by traditional programmable logic controllers (PLCs), but the sensors are not capable of collaboration and intercommunication. Some sensors are difficult to deploy in the terminal and can easily be corrupted in a harsh environment. In addition, the current EP lacks intelligent analysis of massive sensing data. Therefore, it is necessary to use the latest emerging techniques including knowledge graph (KG), artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, and cloud control, to create environmental intelligent perception (EIP) in the industry. In this article, an overview of challenges for EP in a complex industrial environment is provided, potential schemes for designing EIP architectures are given, and potential practical application scenarios are discussed. Finally, a case study analysis of a multicrane visual sorting system is presented in the experiment, in which two mechanical arms operate cooperatively with the help of cloud PLCs and visual recognition algorithm.


In educational buildings the use of daylight may not only improve students' learning performance but can also reduce electric lighting energy consumption. However, in tropical climates allowing daylight in to rooms can also create a potential overheating risk and increased cooling energy requirements in order to achieve thermal comfort. In this study an actual educational building located in Thailand was investigated using the DesignBuilder modelling package. Daylight levels in several classrooms were measured in order to check the validity of DesignBuilder predictions. A series of classroom facade design alternatives were then investigated by modelling them and analyzing their influence on visual and thermal comfort and cooling energy requirements in each classroom. The aim of the study was to suggest optimized design solutions that created good daylight levels in classrooms but without excessive cooling energy requirements. Some of the different facade designs were found to perform adequately in terms of light levels but poorly in terms of cooling energy usage. Parametric studies such as this one can inform the solution concept and facilitate decision making for designers at the preliminary stages of a design. This paper suggests some facade solutions that could be applied generally to classroom design in tropical regions to achieve a good compromise between daylight access and thermal comfort.


This paper explores the participation of elder members of Cambodian households in translocal livelihoods. Based on linked, rural–urban fieldwork rooted in a Phnom Penh garment worker enclave, it highlights three aspects of elder translocality in Cambodia. First, it shows that the logistics of older people's migrations are not predicated directly on physical mobility or lifecycle, as often assumed in the literature, but that these are merely two amongst a variety of factors that instigate nested, longer and shorter term cycles. Secondly, it explores how older members of migrant households engage agentively in 'supportive' migrant roles such as childcare, as opposed to passively complying with the needs of their families. Finally, the paper demonstrates how elder members of translocal households – recognising their changing economic and ecological environment – utilise the performance of these duties as a means of retaining status in a marketising context.


A rapid and simple method was developed, using perfusion chromatography media, to separate the fruit-specific pectin methylesterase (PME) isoform from the depolymerizing enzyme polygalacturonase (PG) and other contaminating pectinases present in a commercial tomato enzyme preparation. Pectinase activities were adsorbed onto a Poros HS (a strong cation exchanger) column in 20 M HEPES buffer at pH 7.5. The fruit-specific PME was eluted from the column with 80 mM NaCl, followed by a step to 300 mM NaCl to elute PG activity. Rechromatography of the PME activity peak with a linear gradient further resolved two PME isoenzymes and removed residual traces of PG activity. The PG activity peak was further treated with lectin affinity chromatography to provide purified PG enzyme, which was separated from a salt-dependent PME (tentatively identified as a "ubiquitous-type" isoform), and a pectin acetylesterase. The later enzyme has not been reported previously in tomato. This method provides monocomponent enzymes that will be useful for studying enzyme mechanisms and for modifying pectin structure and functional properties. Mention of brand or firm name does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over others of a similar nature not mentioned.


Eighty children in grades three to six were interviewed about their affective responses and their interest in war‐related news during the Gulf war. Results showed that children who felt more personally vulnerable and experienced more enduring upset during the war were more interested in neutral/background news (but not in casualty news) and avoided exposure to news coverage of the war more often. Children reported moderate interest in casualty news, and supplemental analyses indicated that one reason for watching such content was a desire to remain informed about the war (surveillance). Also, a need for reassurance appeared to reduce interest in casualty‐related news.


The purpose of the study is to develop a method for reducing the random error of MMGs by simultaneously using multiple sensors by jointly processing their output signals. The results of the experimental study of the characteristics of the zero signal of the micromechanical gyroscope are presented. The output signal of the micromechanical angular velocity sensor is presented as a set of useful signal and white noise (random component). To increase the informativeness of the study of the output signal, their centering (compensation of the constant component) and integration were performed. In order to study the characteristics, realizations were made simultaneously with 7 micromechanical gyroscopes. Received 9 implementations of the zero signal of the sensor group. They indicate an increase in the variance of the integrated highly noisy signal. The results of sensor signal processing are presented in two methods. The first method of complex processing of a group of sensors with simultaneous removal of a signal from all at the same time, the second - in turn, the capture of a useful signal from two micromechanical gyroscopes. It is shown that statistical processing of the output signals of 7-10 micromechanical gyroscopes allows to reduce the average value of a random error and its standard deviation, ie to increase the measurement accuracy by 1.5 orders of magnitude. The method of increasing the accuracy of micromechanical angular velocity sensors by step-by-step paired complex processing of their output signal, which consists in two-step observation and approximation and correction of the output signal and measurement of angular velocity (input value) and complex (pair-wise) steam The method improves the accuracy of micromechanical gyroscopes by 10 times. The statistical characteristics of the signal are established. The efficiency of complex signal processing of the sensor group is shown to reduce the random component of the error.


This, the second of two articles on Catalonian language policies and their sociolinguistic effects, reviews research related to the current policy called the Pla per la Llengua i la Cohesio Social (Plan for Language and Social Cohesion) inaugurated in 2004. The Plan addresses a situation in which Catalan is stable demolinguistically but in which globalization and international immigration are seen as long-term threats to the language's vitality. In addition, language planners were and remain concerned with preserving social cohesion in a much more linguistically and culturally diverse society.

We show that this policy builds on and maintains the infrastructure of the prior Normalization policy discussed in Part 1. Nevertheless, it presents a late modern ethos in favor of societal multilingualism that transcends the position in favor of bilingualism aimed for by Normalization. We argue that research on Catalonian society's response to this policy shows some difficulties with implementation and a continuing preoccupation with traditional essentialist ethnolinguistic concerns by some Catalonians. However, we also find that this late modern ethos of multilingualism is assumed by large segments of Catalan society as a representing forward-looking desirable cosmopolitan identity. The article ends with an overview of how recent political developments in relation to Catalonia's political status are linked to language policy and use.


Unilamellar vesicles (ULV) made up of biologically relevant materials can serve as carriers for drug delivery or gene therapy. Compared to extrusion and sonication, methods traditionally used for producing ULV, spontaneous formation offers a cost-effective alternative for ULV mass production. Moreover, the fact that these ULV are most likely, thermodynamically stable assures that the final product will have an extended shelf life. Here we report recent work on ULV formed from long- and short-chain phospholipids (i.e., di 14:0 and di 6:0 phosphatidylcholine), and address some of the important factors that affect their polydispersity, size, shape and stability.


Abstract Highly dispersed silica nanoparticles used for fabric coating were synthesized via nonsurfactant template sol–gel reaction with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) in the presence of dodecanol, alkaline catalyzer, and ethanol. With the optimum conditions of 4 g of dodecanol, 3 mL of alkaline catalyzer, and 30 wt% GPTMS, the silica particle size was 305 nm and the polydispersity index was 0.022. FT-IR spectra confirmed that the alkyl chain and epoxy group of GPTMS had been bonded onto the surface of silica nanoparticles due to the characteristic peaks at 2980 and 910 cm−1. The GPTMS-modified silica nanoparticles presented higher dispersion compared with the unmodified particles from SEM micrographs. The anti-ultraviolet property and rubbing fastness of the coated fabrics were enhanced as the doped amount of modified silica nanoparticles were increased to 5 wt%. The nonsurfactant template sol–gel method presents simple, facile, and cost-effective potential on the promising application of preparing highly dispersed silica nanoparticles.


SYAHRANY KURNIAWATY. Implementation and Analysis Video Watermarking Using Discrete Cosine Transform and Fuzzy Logic Based on the Human Visual System. Supervised by ENDANG PURNAMA GIRI and KARLINA KHIYARIN NISA. Nowadays, usage of digital data format has become more popular, because digital data is easier to distribute. Unfortunately, it makes easier to pirate it. Watermarking is a technique of information hiding in a specific media. This research is to implement and analyze video watermarking using Discrete Cosine Transform and fuzzy logic based on Human Visual System. Discrete cosine transform is a compression technique used to transform digital image and digital signal. Discrete cosine transform separates each data byte into two groups, namely high-frequency (DC) coefficient and low frequency (AC) coefficients. DC coefficient is used to insert a watermark. Fuzzy logic is an appropriate way to map an input space into an output space. Human Visual System is a method of image compression techniques, which is based on human visual characteristics. Human Visual System is used to calculate the sensitivity of the luminance and texture sensitivity. Fuzzy logic is used to determine the amount of insertion on each DC coefficient. The result of the experiment showed that the execution time for insertion is longer than the execution time for extraction. Moreover, the watermarked video has a Mean Structural Similarity of 0.934. This is a relatively good result. The whole watermarked message is always successfully extracted with 100% similarity. Also, the test result confirmed that the watermark video is invulnerable to cutting and adding attack. It is proven by the undamaged watermark message.


ABSTRACT This paper presents rate dependent uniaxial tensile behaviour and relaxation response of high strength acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) with moderate carbon black content. The rate dependent uniaxial tensile response is investigated for large deformations over moderate range of elongation rates (50–500 mm min−1). Effects of elongation rate on the overall deformation behaviour in terms of stress–strain response, total elongation at break as well as on the breaking stress of the material are investigated. Experimental results revealed that the material behaviour, including elongation at break and breaking stress, is rate dependent. Relaxation behaviour over a temperature range of 30–90 C, investigated using uniaxial compression experiments, shows drop of stress over the duration of the tests. Additionally, a generic rate dependent hyperviscoelastic model to predict the rate dependent response of the material and simulations of the relaxation tests are presented. Single-step stress relaxation tests from an inbuilt experimental setup and tensile response obtained from test conducted at 200 mm/min elongation rate were used in calibration. The numerical results obtained are seen to be in good agreement with the experimental observations for the range of deformation rate and temperature considered in the uniaxial tensile and relaxation tests, respectively.


This paper introduces the connotation of media, analyzes the attribute of media, and points out that the book is the source of media and also is a special kind of media.


In 1999, the Hemophilia Research Society established a registry to collect information on individuals diagnosed with bleeding disorders and on their bleeding episodes. Concurrently, the prospective database was intended to serve as a mechanism to satisfy the post-marketing surveillance requirements of the FDA to assess the safety and efficacy of rFVIIa (NovoSeven®, Novo Nordisk A/S) administered to individuals with congenital hemophilia complicated by alloantibody inhibitors to FVIII or FIX. On January 1, 2004, the database format was re-launched on a 2 nd generation web-based platform and designated as the HTRS Registry. No data were transferred between databases. This study examines the data captured in the HTRS registry from January 2004-December 2007. The HTRS registry is a web-based single database with 11 component forms and 1564 fields. Any sites or physicians affiliated with the HTRS can participate in the registry after obtaining IRB approval and providing patients with an informed consent to capture de-identified information. Over this interval, 83 sites were IRB approved to participate, and all but 11 entered some data. Assessment of the accuracy and validity of the data contained in the registry was performed by an independent third party as part of an audit in early 2008. Overall there are 2,081 patient registration records in the HTRS database. Of these, 373 patients with ongoing treatment required merger of their data from the initial HRS Registry. A sub-cohort audit of all patients in the HTRS registry indicated that the diagnosis and inhibitor status and elements of the demographic information were accurate in 43/43 patient charts examined. The largest group of patients represent those with congenital hemophilia (Total, 1,432; A, 1,145; B, 287) and congenital hemophilia with inhibitors (Total, 354; A, 321; B, 33). Other common diagnoses were von Willebrand Disease (497), acquired hemophilia (48), congenital FVII deficiency (30), and inherited qualitative platelet disorders (29). A total of 5,144 bleeding events were captured for 473 patients, including 3,445 bleeds in congenital hemophilia, and 3,007 in 354 patients with alloantibody inhibitors. There were 2,532 bleeds in 293 patients in whom rFVIIa was administered alone or in combination with other agents. These included 2,099 bleeds in patients with congenital hemophilia, of which 1,702 were in 117 patients with inhibitors to FVIII or FIX. Recombinant FVIIa use was also reported in other patient groups, including congenital hemophilia without inhibitors (397 bleeds), congenital FVII deficiency (54), acquired hemophilia (38), Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (23), and von Willebrand disease (9). A total of 18 serious adverse events were reported in the registry and forwarded to the manufacturer(s) regardless of relationship to therapy. In the United States (US) clinical research efforts have been focused primarily on evidence based outcomes and development of new therapeutic agents in large disease populations. For rare disorders, such as hemophilia complicated by alloantibody inhibitors, this is not practical or statistically conclusive. An alternative approach to understanding the safety and efficacy of new therapeutic agents in so-called "orphan diseases" involves the analysis of the "collective" experience of patients included in a longitudinal database. This is a labor intensive endeavor, which in the US has been subjugated to the need to deliver care to patients in a rapid fashion with limited infrastructure support. Thus, the documentation of prescribing habits, response to varying treatment modalities, and the reporting of adverse events have lagged. This is in contrast to many national health care systems outside the US, which mandate and finance such activities. The HTRS registry represents an industry- funded effort to satisfy a FDA mandate to monitor the longitudinal safety and efficacy of a clotting factor replacement product for alloantibody inhibitor patients. However, the supervision and oversight of the registry are based in an independent cooperative clinical research group, the HTRS. The significant amount of data accumulated over a 4 year period in the HTRS database will provide insight and important "signals" into current treatment practices and the safety and efficacy of treatment modalities, particularly for more severe bleeds that are treated in an HTC setting.


Onsite "buddies" are not always available to monitor the donning and doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE) in hospitals, especially during a pandemic, potentially leading to poor PPE compliance and increased risk of health care infections.1,2 We therefore compared monitoring of PPE donning/doffing procedures in a standard critical care setting3,4 by remote buddies with monitoring by onsite buddies.


: Treatment of tuberculosis was an obstacle for ages. In spite of good drugs, the disease is not under control. Thus, the need for more drugs existed. Searching for a new drug demands much investment on the time, money and human resources. There are many drugs with antitubercular action that are discovered and explored in the last century. The most common drug, Isoniazid, is now a frontrunner anti-tubercular drug. Like the same antitubercular effect of Trifluoperazine which is known since 1990s, but due to the lack of research its anti-tubercular potential is not yet explored completely.


The Chinese people and Japanese people have different cultural backgrounds, values and ways of thinking,which are demonstrated in the language styles,sentence patterns,text structures and linguistic contexts. The strategy of linguistic adaptation should be followed so that continual linguistic choices should be made in light of communicative contexts and communicative partners in Chinese-Japanese translation of tourist publications so as to ensure the target audiences understand exactly and get the messages that the source text conveys.


Since the beginning of the aeronautic industry aluminum alloys have played a crucial role in its development. Nowadays different aluminum alloy families are the base material of many pieces of aerospace vehicles. In this work, a novel approach of processing aluminium alloys is explored. Our efforts are aimed to cut 2024-T3 plates by a CO2 laser. To accomplish this objective we used a novel laser cutting head assisted by a gas jet working in supersonic regime. This supersonic nozzle and the intrinsic geometry of the cutting head allow carrying out the processing of these alloys more efficiently than conventional cutting heads. The microstructural characterization, grain morphology, kerfs' dimensions and surface finish of the cuts have been analyzed. The cut edges are free of heat affected zone, dross and cracks. These successful results confirm laser cutting processing assisted by a supersonic assisting gas jet as a hopeful technique in the aerospace field.Since the beginning of the aeronautic industry aluminum alloys have played a crucial role in its development. Nowadays different aluminum alloy families are the base material of many pieces of aerospace vehicles. In this work, a novel approach of processing aluminium alloys is explored. Our efforts are aimed to cut 2024-T3 plates by a CO2 laser. To accomplish this objective we used a novel laser cutting head assisted by a gas jet working in supersonic regime. This supersonic nozzle and the intrinsic geometry of the cutting head allow carrying out the processing of these alloys more efficiently than conventional cutting heads. The microstructural characterization, grain morphology, kerfs' dimensions and surface finish of the cuts have been analyzed. The cut edges are free of heat affected zone, dross and cracks. These successful results confirm laser cutting processing assisted by a supersonic assisting gas jet as a hopeful technique in the aerospace field.


In order to uncover the relationship among the structure,function,and evolution in different high molecular weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GS) of wheat on the level of primary structure,the amino acid sequence of 22 high molecular weight glutenin subunits submitted to GenBank database were analyzed by means of a bioinformatics software(DNAMAN).The results showed that the average nitrogen content was 16.186% in HMW-GS and the contents of different amino acid were constant among all the analyzed subunits and the highest was Q(33.74%).it appeared mainly in the form of QQ.This structure character might affect the processing quality of wheat flour.There also were 232 conserved amino acid situs(56 conserved single amino acid situs and some different short conserved segments) found in the primary structure.The longer conserved segments were AEGEAS-QLQCER/HEL,GSFY PG/SETTP-QQLQQ,YYPGQAS/FP/SQQ/RP/SGQG/ RQQ,PGQGQQ/PG/A/YYPTS-QQ.There were six groups including thirteen sequences with 100% similarity and this implied that they might be highly conservation in evolution.


Objective

Assessment of regression of residual tissue after incomplete transcervical resection of myomas (TCRM), by transvaginal ultrasound examination with the use of saline infusion into the cavity (hysterosonographic examination; HSE).

Settings

A university teaching department.

Subjects

45 patients with menometrorrhagia.

Interventions

The patients were followed up with HSE for 6 months after TCRM. The mean diameter of the myomas as assessed by preoperative HSE was 3.2 cm (range 1.5–5). According to the European Society of Gynaeological Endoscopy (ESGE) standards the myomas were classified as 11 type II, 28 type I and 6 type 0 myomas. TCRM was performed until the incision was level with the myometrium. Resection was complete in seven patients, who mainly had pedunculated tumours.

Results

At 2 weeks after the operation 33 of the 38 patients who had undergone incomplete resection still had residual tissue demonstrated at HSE, and all the patients had endometrial defects. During the following 2 months, re-resection was performed in three patients because of persistent heavy bleeding. At 3 months after the operation, total regression of residual tissue was found in a further 16 patients. Thus, at 3 months, out of 35 of the patients with an initially incomplete resection, 21 patients showed spontaneous regression. Re-resection was subsequently performed in four patients and hysterectomy in one patient. During observation for a further 3 months or more, total regression was seen in one patient. Accordingly spontaneous regression was observed in a total of 22 of 35 patients with an incomplete primary resection.

Conclusions

The results indicate that spontaneous regression of residual tissue left behind after incomplete resection of partially intramural submucous myomas is seen in more than half of patients with incomplete primary resection, mainly during the first 3 months.


Pathologic changes and distribution of viral antigen as determined by immunohistochemistry were compared among 4-wk-old specific-pathogen free (SPF) chickens inoculated intratracheally with velogenic vis-cerotropic Newcastle disease virus isolated in Korea. Although the pattern of organ involvement and severity of lesion was different among chickens infected with different velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease (VVND) viruses, the pathological types of lesion was similar among the chickens. Severe lymphocytic necrosis and depletion were main histologic lesions in the immune related organs such as thymus, Fabricius bursa and spleen. The frequency of IP positive staining was variable depends on the types of tissues but not types of the kinds of VVND viruses infected. Brain, Fabricius bursa, thymus, cecal tonsil and trachea were IP positive with fairly high frequency and spleen, lung, proventriculus, intestine, pancreas, liver, kidney, heart and Harderian gland were with relatively low frequency. These results suggest that histologic evaluation and viral antigen specific immunohistochemical staining methods to determine virus distribution will be useful for pathogenic study of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus infection in chicken.


The global move towards producing and consuming energy in a clean, efficient and economical way, along with the need for meeting rising consumer demand has led to significant advancements in the design of the smart grid infrastructure. However, the potential of the smart grid remains limited without the integration of renewable energy sources. Energy trading is one way forward. This refers to the transfer of energy from an entity producing surplus energy to one with a deficit, within a certain timeframe. In this paper, we present a detailed review of the literature surrounding the application of game theoretic (GT) methods to scenarios in energy trading. Two levels (layers) of trading are identified and the latest achievements within them are summarised. An extensive description of a complete GT-based energy trading framework is presented, including a taxonomy of GT and an introduction to the smart grid architecture with a focus on renewable energy generation and energy storage. Finally, we present a critical evaluation of the current shortcomings and identify areas for future research.


Autonomous driving functions (ADF) are evolving rapidly, but there is still no agreement on how to test them for safety and performance in real world. There is, however, a general consensus that simulation based assessment is needed, as sufficient road testing will not be feasible due to constraints of time and costs. For such an assessment, the scenarios included in the simulation should be representative for the intended real world use of the function under test. However, there is no guideline on how to choose the time horizon or to make sure that the scenarios are really representative of the intended use. Against this background, this paper aims to tackle the first question proposing an outcome oriented approach with determination of the simulation length needed to achieve a given level of confidence on the result. This allows obtaining comparable results for different simulation runs in different operating conditions while optimizing the total simulation time. As a by-product, the suggested method can also be used to asses the degree of novelty of additional scenarios.


A special 3-dimensional differential delay system is considered.By analyzing the associated characteristic equation,its local linear stability is investigated and Hopf bifurcation is obtained.An example which gives nuinerical simulation result is used to support the theoretical predictions.


Objective To investigate the clinical methods to traumatic intestinal rupture to improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods Retrospective analysis was used to analyze the clinical data of 78 patients with traumatic intestinal rupture treated in our department during June 2010 to June 2011 to observe the clinical features,diagnosis,treatment and treatment effects of traumatic intestinal rupture.Results After active treatment,among the group of 78 patients: 73 cases were cured(93.59%);5 deaths(6.41%),among the successful treatment of 73 patients: 12 cases got postoperative wound infection,2 cases got intestinal fistula,2 cases were of intra-abdominal residual or abscess,and 2 were of adhesive intestinal obstruction,postoperative complication rate was 21.92%.Conclusion Traumatic intestinal rupture has a more acute onset,rapid development,and more complications,early and timely surgical treatment is the key to success.


Submitted to the Department of Natural resources and Conservation, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the the degree of Bachelor of Science in Natural Resources


Abstract : This paper describes an experimental and analytical investigation of a system capable of rapidly melting ice. The melting technique used involved forcing a cylindrical ice slug against a heated surface, letting the effluent fluid exit radially. An analytical model based on fundamental physical principles was developed and used to predict the behavior of the system. Liquid layer thickness, liquid bulk temperature, radial pressure distribution in the liquid layer, convective heat transfer coefficient, and ice melt rate were all computed for steady state operation of the system. Experiments were performed to verify the model predictions. The tests measured the ice melt velocity and exit bulk temperature at a known supply pressure. The input heat flux was determined using two independent methods of calculation. One technique found the conduction heat flux leaving the heated block by using two heated block temperature measurements spaced a known distance apart near the liquid/block surface. The second method applied the measured ice melt velocity and liquid bulk temperature to an energy balance on the liquid film to yield an input heat flux value. A comparison of the experimental results with the analytical model predictions is made demonstrating satisfactory agreement. (Author)


Swami Vivekananda lightly remarked that, "A nation would not march forward ifthe women are left behind. "Women's role in agriculture is significant as more than 80 per cent of the economically active women are engaged in agriculture and allied activities. This trend still continues. It is a fact that women grow half of the world's food but own hardly any land. It is difficult for them to get loans. They are generally overlooked by agricultural planners. Rural women are generally engaged in low paid jobs and have no security of the job. Illiteracy and backwardness are also important factors, which have hampered empowerment of women in rural society.Women must not only have equal rights, capabilities and access to resources and opportunities but they must also have agency to use those rights, capabilities, resources and opportunities to make strategic choices. Empowerment of women in rural area is dependent on several factors, including ownership and control over land; access to diverse type of employment and income generating activities; access to public goods (such as water, village commons and forests), infrastructure, education and training, health care and financial services and markets and opportunities for participation in political life and in the design and implementation of policies and programmes.On 24th February 2011, the Commission on the Status of Women convened an expert panel on "The empowerment of rural women and their role in poverty and hunger eradication, development and current challenges" to provide an opportunity to discuss issues to be considered in preparation for the priority theme of the Commission in 2012. The urgency of rural women's empowerment has steadily moved to the forefront of the attention of policy makers, development practitioners and activists. The substantial contributions that women in rural areas bring to economic growth and the fight against hunger, malnutrition and poverty are now well established. An in-depth discussion on the situation and empowerment of rural women and their rule in rural development is, therefore, long overdue. There is a need to assess critically whether past efforts have brought the expected results and if not, how to change course.Parbhakar Vani (2004) has stated that women's dependent position is the result of a rigid distinction between men's role and women's role in the society. This leads to exploitation of women. In rural areas, they are the landless agricultural labourer members of family with uneconomic holdings, traditional menial servants and workers in tradition village and cottage industries.Women empowerment is a dynamic process that consists of an awareness attainment actualization cycle. Again it is a growth process that involves intellectual enlightenment economic enrichment and social emancipation on the part of women.Empowerment of women would mean equipping women to be economically independent and personally self-reliant with a positive self-esteem to enable them to face any difficult situation. Moreover, they should be able to contribute to the development activities of the country.Singh, and Kumari, (2007) have suggested various measures to strengthen women's empowerment and rural development which include development of entrepreneurial abilities of women by organizing special type of training, effective planning at the microlevel, adequate representation of women in women-related development planning, development of infrastructure facilities, encouragement of women through formal and non-formal education to involve themselves in the service sectors, establishment of women's organizations such as cooperative societies, mahila mandais, self-help groups etc. awaring of women about the technical and financial assistance available to women entrepreneurs encouragement by government for research and development to find out high income generating activities suitable for women etc. The authors have concluded that experience, awareness, education and competence, willingness, confidence, self-motivation, encouragement from family and society contribute to empowerment of women. …


The fifth instar larva of Plectrocnemia laetabilis McLachlan, 1880 is described for the first time, and the main taxonomic characters are figured. The larvae of P. laetabilis are very similar to those of P. conspersa (Curtis, 1834), but they are easily distinguishable by some characters of the frontoclypeal apotome, labrum and abdominal segment IX. Additionally, some notes on distribution and ecological preferences are included.


The invention discloses a pelvis deformity correcting device and an orthopedic instrument. The orthopedic instrument comprises a waist die and two leg dies, wherein hip joint motion simulation structures are arranged on the two sides of the waist die respectively, and each leg die is connected to a hip joint motion simulation structure on the corresponding side through a knee joint motion simulation structure on the corresponding side. According to the pelvis deformity correcting device and the orthopedic instrument, by solving the joint angle problem, the biological line of force, standing weight-bearing feeling and normal motion patterns are adjusted, the supporting problem during standing and walking is solved, a stable basis is provided for standing and walking, and therefore correction of pelvis deformity and hip joint dysplasia and correction after a hip joint subluxation operation are achieved.