In this study,the best solid-state fermentation condition of wheat bran was optioned by using different ratio of Lactobacillus B,Lactobacillus W,Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomycetes,the digestion of fermentation wheat bran was analyzed by extraction of intestinal digestive enzyme from the grass carp.Experiment was arranged six groups according to the different microbial combination,the unfermented wheat bran acted as control group,and each treatment was repeated 3times. The best condition was selected through measuring the acidity,bacteria colony and crude protein content of fermentation bran. The digestion of unfermented wheat bran and best fermentation wheat bran was carried out by using the digestive enzyme from the grass crap in vitro,the dry matter and crude protein digestibility and amino acid content were determined.The results showed that the crude protein content of group 3was the highest,the content was improved by 56.56% compared with the control group.Moreover,the bacteria colonies were reached 7.8×108 CFU/g in 96hin group 3,which was apparently higher than those in other groups,and the acidity was firstly increased and then decreased.All these exhibited the group 3were the best one.In addition,the former intestine showed the highest dry matter and crude protein digestibility and amino acid content between unfermented wheat bran group and fermentation wheat bran group,followed by middle intestine,and posterior intestine was minimum,moreover,the digestibility of best fermentation wheat bran was significantly greater than that of unfermented wheat bran in vitro(P0.05).The results indicated that the fermentation wheat bran have the higher nutritional value and digestibility,which can partially replace the protein feed.


This chapter argues that the Ibn ʿAbd al-Hādī Library of Damascus was the oldest continuously surviving book collection of the city when the modern Public Library was founded in 1878. It discusses the practicalities of building up such a library from scratch in late Mamluk Damascus and shows to what extent post-canonical hadith scholarship dominated this book collection. As this line of scholarship was on its way out Ibn ʿAbd al-Hādī had to take enormous strides to revive books that needed oral transmission from an authorized teacher. He finally endowed this library - accompanied by a ritualistic binge reading of the books – to create a monument to one part of Syrian book culture that was about to vanish. He placed this monument into one of the most meaningful places to commemorate a way of writerly culture that had been closely tied to his family and quarter.


Numerical simulation of the earthquake processes is a key method to carry out physical accurate earthquake forecast in the future,but today empirical method is used in earthquake prediction,which is seldom successful. In this paper,we use a unified rate-dependent frictional law to formulate two different frictional states,one is sticking,and the other is sliding. Based on R-minimum,time integration method with static explicit is adopted in finite element analysis in order to make the result convergent in calculation. Take the Sumatra subduction zone as an example,where the major earthquake with M_m 9.3 occurred in 2004,the process of locking,unlocking,and sliding between the subduction plate and the overriding plate is simulated. The result shows that a large space of homogeneous media with the same frictional coefficient is a prerequisite for forming large-scale sudden sliding,which is regarded as an event. The earthquakes simulated by the model on the Sumatra subduction zone have characteristics of quasi-cycle in time and migration in space. The earthquake ruptures propagate upward from bottom. Moreover,the geometry of the subduction zone has much influence on the location of the large event.


The strong optical absorption, scattering and local electric field enhancement associated with the longitudinal Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) of gold nanorods (AuNRs) have important applications in imaging, sensing, nonlinear optics, thermal therapy and data encoding. The longitudinal SPR mode can be optimally excited only in the NRs that are most aligned with the electric field of a linearly polarized incident light. Thus, in cast polymer based nanorod composite films, where the NRs orientation is random, only a fraction of the embedded NRs is actually usable to the maximal extent for the intended applications. To enhance the degree of alignment of the AuNRs by uniaxial stretching and increase the application efficiency, we have improved the polymer matrix with respect to plastic deformation and designed a suitable drawing device to reduce the fracture risks of the polymer. The resulting nanocomposite film was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and by spectroscopy using linearly polarized light in the UV-Visible range. The linear dichroic ratio of the stretched nanocomposite film was calculated based on the ratio of the peak absorbance of the incident light parallelly polarized, to that of the light polarized perpendicularly to the NRs long axes.


Indigenous Maya women in Guatemala have little or no access to cervical cancer screening or follow-up care. Healthcare groups initiated a program to address this situation. This study collected the women's stories before and after screening. Screening was conducted by a licensed Guatemalan medical doctor. The participants had never experienced cervical cancer screening. They were given an opportunity to tell how they felt about the screening. The stories provide an opportunity to learn of the experience of cervical cancer screening as perceived by the indigenous Maya women and could assist to develop culturally appropriate approaches to this population.


High-quality part surfaces with high surface finish and form accuracy are increasingly in demand in the mold/die and optics industries. The computer-controlled polishing (CCP) is commonly used as the final procedure to improve the surface quality. This paper presents a theoretical and experimental study on the polished profile of CCP with sub-aperture pad. A material removal model is proposed based on the evaluation of the amount of material removed from the surface along a direction orthogonal to the tool path. The model assumes that the material removal rate follows the Peterson equation. The distribution of the sliding velocity at the contact region is presented. On the basis above, the approaches to calculate the polished profiles are developed for the sub-aperture pad polishing along a straight path and a curved path. The model is validated by a series of designed polishing experiments, which reveals that polishing normal force, angular spindle velocity, feed rate and polishing path all have effects on the polished profile. The result of experiments demonstrates the capability of the model-based simulation in predicting the polished profile.


This paper summarizes classified protection testing and evaluating for power information systems, specifically points out that as a kind of important power information system, the classified protection testing and evaluation methods for power production control power information systems are different from those applied to power management information systems. Some notable issues involved in classified protection testing and evaluation methods for production control power information systems are put forward, meanwhile some suggestions for further continuously improving testing and evaluation capacity for power production control power information systems are given.


Over the preceding several years there have been numerous initiatives to address problems in the Navy's ship configuration status accounting process. Recent efforts in the Ship Configuration and Logistic Support Information System (SCLSIS) project have begun to integrate the first of several logistic and engineering support processes, which up to this time have developed independently to solve specialized problems.

The apparent solution is to establish an integrated global information systems architecture based on a functionally structured and described central database that couples configuration, engineering and logistics data. To accomplish this objective will require all participating Navy communities to change their processes to meet the requirements of the global information systems architecture. The realistic achievement of this goal will require the coordinated "phased" development of many unrelated processes and data systems, which today are at various levels of capability. A carefully crafted "phased" development process becomes critical in light of our current austere budget environment. This paper describes how the SCLSIS process is striving to cost-effectively achieve these essential objectives to forge a stronger link between the Navy's engineering and logistic support communities.


Mencius's ideas affected upon Korean cultures of public administration. In this thesis Author studied the relation between Mencius's ideas and Korean cultures of public administration. Among Korean cultures of public administration, emotional humanism, authoritarianism, fatalism, familism and utilitarianism were related with Mencius's ideas. It's true that Mencius's idea gave affirmative and negative impacts on the Korean cultures of public administration. But we have to introduce Mencius's good ideas and use them. Also we should change our trite notion that old things are absolutely bad things and they should be abandoned.


Plastic surgeons perform excisional skin biopsies that may be in aesthetically sensitive areas.  Excisional biopsies are performed on an outpatient basis and therefore patients are expected to perform wound care at home. The current standard of patient education for post-procedural care is verbal information along with a written set of instructions to take home. However, a patient's comprehension of verbal directions and literacy level can greatly affect the transmission of knowledge, and verbal instructions are not standardized across each patient encounter. The importance of patient education in self-care with the use of video has great potential in promoting improved outcomes.


Over the past two decades, there has been a surge in the development of nanoparticle technologies for therapeutic applications. In the area of skin wound healing, silver nanoparticles have been long used as topical antibacterials, but new types of multifunctional nanosystems that can provide more comprehensive therapeutic effects on wounds are being rolled out. The ability to provide a reservoir of bioactive molecules that can be released over time is a feature of many of these systems, which is critically important for nonhealing wounds, where there often is a persistent bacterial load and a chronic lack of growth factors necessary for healing. A great advantage of nanosystems is that by virtue of their extremely small size, they can be easily incorporated into a wide variety of topical treatments that are currently available for use in the clinic. For example, nanoparticles can be easily introduced into decellularized skin products as well as other bioengineered skin substitutes. The design options avai...


This paper focuses on evaluation of a novel acoustic transmission technique (ATT) for tracking fatigue-induced damage in steel-free bridge deck slabs under lab conditions. The technique comprises identification of changes in acoustic waveform attenuation through concrete by comparing integrated waveform amplitudes recorded at 2+ acoustic sensors. This methodology is based on the experimental observation that cracking in concrete leads to increases in attenuation of the acoustic signals. The mapping of cracks and other means of detecting damage induced by cracks were used to independently verify the conclusions from the ATT. Each of 4 deck slab panels was subjected to ~1,700 cycles of a heavy wheel load; damage induced was tracked reliably by the ATT. The procedure of evaluating dimensionless integrated amplitude ratios in lieu of absolute signal magnitudes proved a highly robust, stable means of measuring attenuation, hence damage in the slab.


Currently, NN414, a potent β-cell selective potassium channel opener, is undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Here, we report the synthesis of carbon-14 and stable isotope labelled NN414 for use in metabolic studies and as an internal standard in pharmacokinetic assays, respectively. The carbon-14 labelling was performed in two steps starting from an advanced intermediate. This provided [14C]NN414 in 60% overall radiochemical yield with a specific activity of 58mCi/mmol. The stable isotope labelling was accomplished from benzyl tert-butyl malonate in eight steps using [13C,2H3]iodomethane and [2H2]dibromomethane as the source of carbon-13/deuterium. The synthetic sequence, which included a Mannich reaction followed by deamination, a Simmons–Smith-type cyclopropanation and a modified Curtius reaction, provided [13C,2H5]NN414 in 8.6% overall yield. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Within the CAPS study are several teams of people who each focus on different aspects of the system concept. This study's focus is on detection devices. In particular, evaluations on the following devices have been made: charge-coupled devices (CCDs), charge-injected devices (CIDs), superconducting tunneling junctions (STJs), and transition edge sensors (TESs). These devices can be separated into two main categories; the first category includes detectors that are currently being widely utilized, such as CCDs and CIDs. The second category includes experimental detectors, such as STJs and TESs. After the discussion of the detectors themselves, there will be a section devoted to the explicit use of these detectors with CAPS.


An earlier note by Chu, Vogan, and Forsyth suggested the use of a two-frequency meteor scatter system for the measurement of ionospheric absorption, particularly when the absorbing layer is sufficiently patchy to render conventional riometer measurements inaccurate. A system, incorporating a novel method of signal comparison, has been tested between Winnipeg and London. It seems to offer specific advantages over a riometer for specialized studies of rapidly varying absorption, but in its present form has certain defects which should be remedied in any system intended for routine use.


Network Virtualization has been proposed as new promising resource management approach that allows multiple customized Virtual Networks (VNs) to be setup on a shared physical infrastructure. In this paper, our focus is on the embedding problem which consists on the mapping of VN resources onto physical infrastructure network. Since this problem is known to be NP-hard, in literature, number of works have been proposed heuristic based-embedding approaches. The mapping of VN links and nodes are performed on two separate stages, which may ensue in a high blocking of VN requests and an under-utilization of substrate resources. To handle these drawbacks, we propose a mathematical model which makes use of large scale optimization tools and propose a Column Generation formulation coupled with a Branch and Bound technique in order to solve it efficiently.


How quickly we're skimming through time, leaving behind us a trail of muffin crumbs and wet towels and hotel soaps like white stones in the forest...


This paper describes the interprofessional (IP) fieldwork experience gained by occupational therapy and speech pathology students in the development of the UQ Early Literacy Fundamentals (UQELF) Programme. Students developed and delivered UQELF to Grade One children at risk of delayed literacy development. Students gained interprofessional practice experience in: planning and trialing a new combined service that promoted skill development; developing an IP approach to early literacy development; delivering joint services in a school environment and group context; and contributing to the creation of an IP resource.


The likelihood of taking preventative health actions, such as engagement in physical activity, is affected by individual motivation along with the perceived threat of existing disease. Chronic respiratory disease enhances perceived threat of activity-induced dyspnea and alters the perception of barriers to preventative action. This leads to decreased likelihood of taking the recommended positive health action and engaging in physical activity. Resulting behavior instead is focused on avoidance of disease exacerbation in the form of activity avoidance.


Objective To study the distribution and resistance trend of Klebsiella pneumoniae and provide evidence for using antibiotics.Methods The identification of bacteria were performed using automatic bioanalysis-Vitek-2,susceptibility test were performed using Kirby-Bauer methods.ESBLs were detected by disk diffusion methods.Results 117 cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae were detected,ESBLs-producing strains were 59 cases.The sensitive rate of Carbopenems,Piperacillin-tazobactam and Aminoglycosides 70%,Quinolones50%,while 3-Cephalosporins 50%.Conclusions Bacteria culture and susceptibility test of Klebsiella pneumoniae were performed,which makes important sense to rational administration of drug.


The term pesticide covers a wide range of compounds including insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, rodenticides, molluscicides, nematicides, plant growth regulators and others. When a pesticide is used in the environment, it becomes distributed among four major compartments: water, air, soil and biota. The fraction of chemical that will move into each compartment is governed by the physico-chemical properties of that chemical. To understand how pesticides move in the environment, one must first understand certain physical and chemical characteristics of pesticides, as well as how these characteristics determine a pesticide's interaction with the environment. This article throws light on impact of pesticides in environment on the basis of physicochemical properties so as to understand the underlying basis of their distribution in non target life.


The first volume of Nielsen's "journey through the history of the English language in England and America" has met with a good deal of critical acclaim, and justly so.1 The second of a planned total of three volumes2 covers the period between the last year recorded in the Peterborough Chronicle and the year of the American Declaration of Independence. Encompassing both Middle English and Early Modern English in one volume, the book is distinguished with respect to scope and focus. Of the seven chapters, four are devoted to Middle English and three to Early Modern English. One might perhaps deplore the deliberate exclusion of varieties outside England, but the concentration on the development of the modern standard from the dialectal diversity of the medieval post-Conquest situation could just as well be seen as one of the strengths of this well-written and reliable book. Like the first volume, the volume under review features well-selected original text samples and useful illustrations; there are many references to the literature and discussions of divergent scholarly opinions, far beyond the level of an introductory textbook. From the point of view of the first volume, it seemed quite plausible to conclude with the events in the immediate wake of the Norman Conquest. For the second volume, however, this is a somewhat mixed blessing. Although one must respect the author's periodization of Old and Middle English, it seems to me that the obvious extra-linguistic dividing line would be 1066 rather than 1154, whereas on intra-linguistic criteria one might find arguments in favour of a completely different date more persuasive.3 The chapters on Middle English (8–11; the numbering is continued from the first volume) are titled "The Plantagenet Era: History and Language" (Ch. 8), "The Middle English Period" (Ch. 9), "The French Element in Middle English" (Ch. 10) and "The London Dialect and the Rise of an Early Standard Language" (Ch. 11). The absence of a truly plausible organization of the material in the Middle English part is one reservation I have about this book since, to my mind, Nielsen does not always succeed in structuring his discussion in an entirely convincing and reader-friendly besprechungen 119


Dynamic mechanical measurements are made with a torsion pendulum apparatus over about three decades of frequency in the α relaxation region of the single crystals of polyoxymethylene. Real and imaginary parts of complex rigidity are measured in each of the three specimens, that is, a mat of single crystals prepared by gradual cooling; a rod of isothermally crystallized single crystals and a heat-treated sample of the single crystal mat. The composite relaxation curves are made by superposing the dispersion curves of real and imaginary parts of complex rigidity on each of the specimens. The composite relaxation curve of loss tangent is also made by superposing the loss tangent curves for the single crystal mat. The activation energies of the α relaxation evaluated from the temperature dependence of the horizontal shift factor are 37 kcal/mol (T<40°C), 25 kcal/mol (40°C90°C) respectively. The magnitude of vertical shift along the logarithmic rigidity axis is independent of temperature above about 100°C and 115°C for the single crystal mat and the piled rod of the single crystals, but the magnitude varies linearly with increasing temperature above about 50°C for the heat-treated sample of the mat.


Radiology may be proud of its leadership in investigations into normal and abnormal physiology. The recent brilliant studies of the swallowing function in man, by Ramsey et al. (7), are a classical example of the application of the roentgen method to the demonstration of the intricacies of fundamental physiological mechanisms heretofore known only in broad outline. Under such a stimulus, we may well pause to consider the physiological point of view. Since it has become an axiom in medical diagnosis that pathological physiology may precede by months or even years the development of anatomical changes in a diseased organ, the more general application of this principle in radiological diagnosis would contribute greatly to preventive medicine and increase the cure rate in many diseases, especially cancer. There may be some radiologists, however, who overlook the opportunities for study of normal and abnormal function in their daily practice of medicine. Of these I beg earnest attention. Many of the organ syst...


Over the last two decades, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has adopted several initiatives designed to speed the approval of new drugs. In the 1970s, the agency implemented a therapeutic rating system and developed procedures for holding end-of-phase II conferences. More recently, the agency has expanded the use of computer-assisted new drug applications and has begun holding New Drug Application (NDA) days. This paper examines the impact of these initiatives on drug review times. Results suggest that in general the earlier initiatives are associated with reduced review times for therapeutically important drugs. Despite the FDA's limited experience with the more recent initiatives, preliminary results suggest the potential for speeding the new drug review process.


It is known through earlier work that deterministic temporary equilibrium dynamics with least squares learning are locally divergent from a steady state whenever the initial parameter estimates of the agents is high. This paper establishes that the learning dynamics may be globally stable in spite of displaying "locally unstable" behavior in realistic economic models. We identify a simple property of nonlinear temporary equilibrium maps that guarantees that all trajectories converge to the steady state under the global dynamics with learning -in particular, the locally divergent trajectories are also driven back to the steady state. These seemingly contradictory results can be reconciled by observing that the dynamics with least squares learning are discontinuous at the steady state. We also identify temporary equilibrium maps for which an open set of local1y divergent trajectories escapes to infinity while another open set returns to the steady state.An application of each result to OLG economies is provided.


of poorly trained birth attendants unlike the public hospitals that have better trained health attendants. The total percentage of late referrals (71%) was higher than early referrals (29%). This was statistically significant. The mean birth weight was high (3.9 kg). The right upper limb was most affected (62.7%) compared to the left upper limb affected (36.4%). Erb's palsy seems a growing birth related problem particularly in developing countries. There is the need to employ the services of qualified birth attendants coupled with early referrals and implementation of measures to check excess fetal weight gain in a bid to reducing the incidence of Erb's palsy in the Niger Delta of Nigeria.


The purpose of this experiment was to investigate if moderately skilled participants practicing with systematic increases in contextual interference (CI) for multiple days would perform better than equally skilled participants who practiced with traditional blocked and random scheduling. Participants (N=45) practiced three different basketball related passes (two hand chest, two hand overhead, single arm) using either a blocked, random, or increasing-CI practice schedule. All participants practiced 81 trials per day for five consecutive days, totaling 405 practice trials. Participants completed an immediate retention test, and a 48 hr delayed retention test. The results of the immediate and delayed retention test showed that practicing with gradual increases in CI resulted in superior performance compared to traditional blocked and random scheduling.


Stepwise regression is an automatic computational procedure that attempts to find the "best" multiple regression model using only statistically significant predictors from a larger set of potential predictive variables. The regression model describes the relationship between a dependent (outcome) variable (Y) and two or more independent (predictor or explanatory) variables (Xj), using a model where Y=B0+B1X1+B2X2+...+ BkXK +eY =B0+B1X1+B2X2+...+ BkXK+e. Computer programs are used to find the Bj weight for each Xj variable so as to minimize the sum of the squared error (e) for cases used to generate the model. The unique contribution of each Xj variable can be tested with a t test and associated p value, using the null hypothesis that Bj = 0 in the population. By using this stepwise regression analysis, the researcher could identify the most influencing independent variables .Thus this study selects 17 variables using judges opinion. Out of 17 independent variables studied, the coefficient of correlation of seven variables were positively significant at 1.00 per cent level of probability. These variables were innovativeness, economic motivation, progressiveness, scientific orientation, self confidence, self responsibility and trainings undergone. Apart from that, the variables such as mother's education, respondent's education, occupation and mental activity had shown significant relationship at 5.00 per cent level of probability. Therefore it could be concluded that the above mentioned 11 variables alone had significant relationship with the extension empowerment. The other six variables had no significant relationship. The study was conducted at Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu state. The profile characteristics and empowerment were studied from 337 women using well structured Interview schedule.


The inner gate(The last gate inside a temple, facing the main hall) is not a well-known part in the temple construction of Joseon. This study is focused on seeking truth about the inner gate arrangement of the existing temples as well as proving that it has changed while maintaining a certain relationship with the gate-pavilion arrangement. The inner gate is related to the Cheondo ritual which is letting the dead people's spirits go to heaven, mainly performed in Buddhism, and it has been demonstrated that the inner gate has gradually disappeared as the importance of gate-pavilions has been emphasized along with the changes of the ritual. The inner gate was a common construction before the 18th Century but since that time, it has gradually disappeared and finally it faced the main hall as the gate-pavilion and made the 4 halls-centered arrangement with the temple dormitories on both sides.


Few studies have examined the impact of housing discrimination on health. This study explores potential pathways linking housing discrimination and health using concept mapping, a mixed-method approach. Participants included employees from twenty Fair Housing Organizations nationwide who participated in two online sessions, brainstorming, and structuring. Responses were generated representing biological, social, economic, and physical connections between housing discrimination and health. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, five clusters were identified: (1) Access and barriers; (2) Opportunities for growth; (3) Neighborhood and communities; (4) Physical effects of housing discrimination; and (5) Mental health. Clusters 1 (4.09) and 2 (4.08) were rated as most important for health, while clusters 2 (3.93) and 3 (3.90) were rated as most frequently occurring. These findings add to the limited evidence connecting housing discrimination to health and highlight the need for studies focusing on the long-term health effects of housing discrimination on individuals and neighborhoods.


Method for demodulation of a modulated voltage by changing the amplitude between a low level and a high level (ASK), especially for use in a data transmission without contact from a device read / write card into a card chip, characterized in that in an initiation phase a first mean value from the high voltage level and a partial voltage derived therefrom and stored, detecting, by the following comparison of the modulated voltage is generated this first mean value, a change to a lower level voltage representing an initial value; and a demodulation phase following a second average value from the low level and the high level of the detected voltage is generated to demodulate the modulated voltage by comparison with the second mean value.


This article is a study of total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP) and phosphorus (P) fractions of soil aggregates along an altitude gradient in the sub‐alpine region of Southwest China. We conclude that soil aggregate TP and AP contents are higher at 3980 m and 3347 m; there are no significant differences in soil aggregate TP at any altitude (p > 0.05); the AP and phosphorus activation coefficient (PAC) are higher in 0.25–0.5 mm aggregate. Soil aggregates TPi > TPo at 3009 m and TPo > TPi at 3347, 3654 and 3980 m. Using multiple stepwise regression analysis, we conclude that NaOH‐Pi is the key fraction of AP supply, NaHCO3‐Pi and NaOH‐Pi are important fractions of CaCl2‐P. Through piecewise linear fitting of soil aggregate AP and CaCl2‐P, the soil P environmental threshold obtained is 27.766 mg kg−1 in this region. Also we got <0.25 mm, 0.25–0.5 mm aggregates at 3980 m which have high soil P loss risk. Our study fills in gap about the distribution of P fraction in aggregates and effects of soil P fraction for AP and CaCl2‐P in high‐altitude areas. Our study provides a reference and scientific basis for understanding the soil aggregate P storage capacity and the biological effectiveness of P fractions at high altitudes. Our study on the P environmental threshold provides a reference for soil P storage capacity. Our study provides a reference value for the soil P loss risk management, and sustainable development of soil ecosystems in the sub‐alpine region of Southwest China.


PLOSTICA, Ivan, Bc. . : The dividend policy of the company. [Diploma work]. College of Banking Prague, foreign university in Banska Bystrica. Department of finance, accounting and insurance. Consultant: doc. Ing. Envelopment Analysis, PhD. Year of defense: 2013. Count: 0 Thesis deals primarily conducted to determine the theoretical approaches dividend policy. The first part will deal with profit and its distribution in society. Profit distribution is carried out various methods that are used for the distribution. Vplyv dividend policy as one that has a big impact on whether the distribution of profit to shareholders or for profit that is not distributed and remained in the company. Also, there is a theoretical definition of what a dividend as share dividends. The following are mentioned rights and obligations of shareholders and individual dividend theory.


The purpose of this study was to observe the changes of content of titin and nebulin in skeletal muscle after hypoxia and hypoxic exercise.Male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: normoxia control group,hypoxia control group,normoxic exercise group,hypoxic exercise group.After four weeks' experiment,The protein content of titin and nebulin of skeletal muscle was detected by western blot.The results showed that the content of titin in skeletal muscle decreased markedly in the beginning of hypoxia and hypoxic exercise,and that the content of nebulin changed little.The results concluded that the damage and degradation of titin happened in the beginning of hypoxia and hypoxic exercise,and gradually recovered.


The timber industry in Amazonia generates large quantities of residues from log processing. A viable alternative for the enterprises is the production of charcoal from these residues. This study evaluates the main properties of the charcoal from Manilkara amazonica (macaranduba), Lecythis pisonis (sapucaia) and Piptadenia suaveolens (timborana), carbonized in 7 and 10 days. The charcoal was produced from residues of timbers from the sawmill of Cikel Brasil Verde S. A., in Rio Capim estate, Paragominas, PA. A series of 30 kilns was used, being 10 for each species, of which 5 kilns used a 7-day carbonization process and 5 kilns 10 days. After the carbonization, samples of the charcoal produced were collected for studying gravimetric yield and physical, chemical and mechanical properties. The main results were: gravimetrical yield of the charcoal varied from 21,47 to 29,59 % (humid base); the bulk medium density varied from 178,51 to 231,14 kg.m-3; apparent medium density from 0,38 to 0,53 g.cm-3; calorific power from 23451 to 28830 kj.kg-1; volatile materials content from 23,94 to 31,47 %; ashes from 0,7 to 2,5 %; fixed carbon from 68,29 to 74,49 %; and the friableness varied from 12 to 32,6 %. It was noted that species is the main factor that influences the properties of the charcoal. It was not possible to say which species produced the best charcoal, from the properties analyses, because all the three species present some good characteristics, but these are always accompanied by other inadequate characteristics.


The effect of NaCl on the texture of canned snap beans was studied with leached and nonleached pods. Pectin and Ca solubilization were also measured. NaCl promoted softening both during cooking and apart from cooking. The cooking effect was accompanied by increased pectin solubility. The noncooking effect was accompanied by increased Ca solubility.


In this paper, some of John Donne's representative love poems are analyzed in terms of style and themes in order to show Donne's striking craftsmanship characteristic of far-fetched conceits and complicated reasoning, and to probe into his literary love world full of contradictions. Some attempts are made to present some analysis from the point of view of Formalism and Neo-criticism and some suggestions are offered so as to better understand his literary world .


In this paper we consider the mathematical modelling of the process of obtaining tungsten hexafluoride gas, based on the reaction between tungsten powder and fluorine in a chemical reactor, which has a rectangle cross section channel as a working area. The modelling is conducted on the basis of solving three-dimensional equations of impulse, heat and substance transfer in the binary compound, taking into account the heterogeneous reaction undergoing on the bottom of the channel, between the tungsten powder layer and the fluorine gas flow. As a result of numerical solving the problem, the speed, concentration and temperature vector fields' distributions were revealed, as well as integral characteristic of the completeness of fluorine use. The credibility of the results obtained is confirmed by test researches and the comparing of calculation results with the empirical evidence.


This essay introduces the train of thought and method for realization for the testing-system for the course Document-Scanning.The testing-system is developed with the combination of ASP and database so that the test and the monagement of the course can be corried out on line.


The audiogram is a graph, to indicate the hearing capability of a person. An audiogram presents the quietest sounds a person can just hear. The audiogram is used to describe the hearing capability of a person for the various frequencies tested. The hearing loss can be cured by Hearing aids. The very important part of the algorithm to be implemented is to identify the frequency of the audio signal for selective amplification. During the fitting process of a hearing aid, the audiogram of the person is considered as a prescription formula. There are different methodologies used by the researches across the globe to identify the frequency and classify the signals, the most used is the filter bank approach and multi rate filtering. The present work uses Fast Fourier Transform [FFT] to develop the algorithm. The entire system is developed in LabVIEW.


The silicon based MOSFET technology is highly advanced but the rate of improvement in Si based MOSFET has leveled off. Their performance is now close to theoretical/physical limit, and it is difficult to make further improvement. Wide band gap semiconductors show superior material properties enabling potential power device operation at higher temperatures, voltages and switching frequencies, and better performance as compared to the Si based power semiconductor devices. Wide band gap materials like gallium nitride and silicon carbide are promising semiconductor materials for new generation power devices. In order to assess the application of power converters based on wide band gap devices, silicon and silicon carbide MOSFET based half bridge prototype converters are developed and losses and efficiencies of both prototypes are compared. The silicon carbide MOSFET based power converter system, on account of faster switching characteristics and lower on-state resistance showed improved efficiency at higher frequency giving additional benefit in the size of the converter.


azotaemia is much higher with malignancy than with primary hyperparathyroidism, where azotaemia is very rare. This is in contrast to cats with primary hyperparathyroidism, where a large proportion of cases are azotaemic1. Investigation ABSTRACT Hypercalcaemia is identified in clinical practice in cats and dogs, either as an incidental finding on a routine health screen or associated with typical clinical signs, such as polyuria, polydipsia, inappetence, vomiting and weakness in dogs, and anorexia, lethargy and, less commonly, vomiting in cats1,2. Unlike in dogs, polyuria, polydipsia and muscle weakness are not consistent findings in hypercalcaemic cats. Identifying the cause of the hypercalcaemia can often pose a diagnostic chal- lenge and if left untreated, can result in irreversible complica- tions, most commonly renal failure, but serious cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and neurological effects can also occur.


We study the influence of the link structure of the prime spectrum of a Noetherian ring on the representation theory of the ring in the case that the ring satisfies the strong second layer condition and has exact integer Gelfand–Kirillov dimension. In particular, we show that Jategaonkar's density condition is satisfied and that the growth of an injective module is controlled by the growth of its first layer.


This is a study of Latin America's economic development and how business regulation contributes to or hinders that process. We specifically focus on three nations: Chile, Brazil, and Bolivia, to illustrate the main differences across the region. We have studied the effects of business regulation on corruption, the size of the informal sector and how these in turn influence economic development as a whole. We have found that cumbersome regulation is likely to cultivate corruption and give rise to a large informal sector, thus hampering formal economic growth. Conclusively we claim that reducing regulation, alternatively improving the level of governance and rule of law, is beneficial for the development of the formal private sector. Additionally such progress in the political and economic environment is conducive to improving overall welfare.


Jigsaw is cooperative learning or working together by dividing students into groups and interdependent responsibility independently. Each group is responsible for completing the part of the lesson material that must be learned and convey the material to the original group. Learning outcomes are a result of student learning which includes various aspects cognitive, affective and psychomotor which can be seen from the final evaluation of learning. With skills obtained by students after receiving lessons from the teacher so they can develop knowledge in everyday life. Learning by applying the Jigsaw cooperative model can improve student learning outcomes. This proved that there was an increase in student learning outcomes in each cycle. In the first cycle, the average value of student learning outcomes was 61.78%. Then in the second cycle the average value of student learning outcomes is 67.5%. There is an increase in the average value of cycle 1 to II of 5.72%.


Abstract In this paper we present the progress in development of a table-top version of the Kibble balance under the name Planck-Balance 2 (PB2). The PB2 is developed as a collaboration effort between the Technische Universität Ilmenau (TU Ilmenau) and Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) aiming for automatized mass calibration of the set of weights in the range from 1 mg to 100 g within the required uncertainties as stated by OIML recommendation R111 for weights of E2 class. We describe the design and the operational performance of the PB2 system in detail, the results of rigorous investigations of the error sources and subsequent improvements made since the beginning of the project in early 2017, the measurement data with the corresponding relative uncertainties and the preliminarily obtained uncertainty budget.


The transferability of (6-exp) interatomic non-bonded potential functions for hydrocarbons previously derived from low-temperature structures extrapolated to 0 K, sublimation heats and elasticity data of model molecular crystals, was tested by calculation of properties of other crystals not involved in the earlier optimization process. Equilibrium structures and sublimation heats were calculated, in agreement with experiment, for methane CH4, adamantane (CH2)6(CH)4, 2,2-paracyclophane (CH2)4(C6H4)2 and 3,3-paracyclophane (CH2)6(C6H4)2 crystals. The solid-solid phase-transition characteristics of adamantane were described consistently with the same potential force field. For the cubic phase of adamantane the orientationally disordered molecular arrangement, suggested by X-ray experiment, was predicted theoretically. The calculation of the structures and heats of sublimation of the same crystals were repeated with a set of potential functions derived recently [Williams, Acta Cryst. (1974). A30, 71-77] on the basis of experimental data not extrapolated to 0 K. The difference between the two approaches is discussed and illustrated by comparing the calculated results.


A novel approach to diagnostics of a power generator is developed. It utilizes readily available data acquired by the existing computer-based monitoring/control system. Diagnostic procedures detect various trends in the generator data and interpret these trends in the generator data and interpret these trends as changes in the generator performance caused by incipient failures. Results of trend analyses, subjected to statistical validation, facilitate failure prediction and identification thus providing the justification for service when needed. The procedures are incorporated in a diagnostic system implemented in a PC interfaced with the existing VAX-based process monitoring and control system. The diagnostic system provides graphical display of the diagnostic messages.


A new synergy decision method for radar and infrared search and track (IRST) data fusion is proposed, to solve such problems as how to decrease opportunities for radar suffering from being locked on by adverse electronic support measures (ESM), how to retrieve range information of the target during radar off, and how to detect the maneuver of the target. Firstly, polynomials used to predict target motion states are constructed. Secondly, a set of discriminants for detecting target maneuver are established by comparing the predicted values with the observations from IRST. Thirdly, a set of decisions are presented. Lastly, simulation is performed on the given scenario to test the validity of the method.


A detailed analysis of complete integrability is performed for a new set of equations for large amplitude Alfven waves in the solar wind recently derived by Hada. It is observed that there exist two branches of the Painleve expansion and the number of resonances is less than the degree of the equation, thus indicating that the system is not completely integrable. We have found the exact one soliton solution of the system. This one solution has the distinctive feature that even the phase part of the complex is a nonlinear wave packet.


In 2006, the Commonwealth Games were hosted by the State of Victoria, Australia.
This study examined the efficacy of the communication channels that were used to
disseminate information to residents in three regions across Victoria about the
community events that were associated with the 2006 Commonwealth Games (Games,
hereafter). It also explored residents' preferred communication channels regarding
community events in each of the regions. The Games were a "dispersed mega-event".
That is, while they were largely staged in the City of Melbourne, parts of them were
dispersed to other areas of the State of Victoria. While this is a newer model of event
delivery, it is one that has been taken up quite well in the context of mega-events. The
dispersed mega-event, however, raises challenges for event organisers and marketers
including how to communicate with larger and more diverse communities than what
might be the case of a single-location event. Focus groups were conducted with
residents in three host destinations. Results suggested that traditional methods of
disseminating event information were ineffective. Participants in this study reported a
preference for (passively) receiving information about events in their respective
communities through existing infrastructure and social networks. They reported a desire
to receive information in places that are sympathetic with their lifestyles—such as at
sport clubs, on public transport, at schools and childcare facilities, and at supermarkets.
However, there were differences in the perceived efficacy of some of these methods
among the destinations. Implications for practitioners are discussed, as well as
implications for further research.


The Eucalyptus Weevil, generally referred to as Gonipterus scutellatus 15 Gyllenhal, is a significant pest of Eucalyptus species in Africa, America, 16 Europe and New Zealand. It has recently also become a pest of Eucalyptus 17 globulus plantations in Western Australia, despite the presence there of the 18 mymarid egg-parasitoid Anaphes nitens (Girault). Recent taxonomic study has 19 indicated Gonipterus scutellatus to comprise a complex of cryptic species, 20 obscuring the identity of the various pest populations of the weevil in the 21 world. We examined (i) whether the apparent cryptic species identifiable on 22 genital differences have a genetic basis, (ii) the distribution of these species 23 and (iii) the origin of the population in Western Australia. We studied 24 specimens from across the range of Eucalyptus Weevil in Australia and 25 obtained sequences of three genes from them: cytochrome oxydase I mtDNA, 26 elongation-factor 1- α nuclear DNA and 18s rDNA. The cladogram of COI 27 haplotypes resolved ten well supported clades fully corresponding with genital- 28 morphologically distinct species, Western Australia showed little genetic variation and is indicated to be a recent 35 introduction from Tasmania. The discrimination of the cryptic species of the 36 Gonipterus scutellatus complex enables improvements in the management of 37 the pest species in terms of biological control and plantation practices. Our 38 study highlights the critical importance of proper taxonomic studies 39 underpinning biocontrol programmes. 40 41


Peer victimization (PV) has been associated with a number of negative psychological sequelae. Few studies, however, have examined the relationship between PV and the symptomatology of post-traumatic stress disorder, and no studies to date have examined this relationship in a rural sample. Adapted versions of the SEQ-SR and the TSCC were used to assess the relationship between PV and post-traumatic stress symptomatology in a sample of 244 rural youths (ages 10–14) in two school districts in a south-central area of the United States. In addition to a positive relationship between PV and post-traumatic stress symptomatology, the results indicated relatively high rates of adult presence and peer bystanding during PV experiences. Limitations and implications for practice are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


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Mechanical means to confine oil spillages at sea are widely used and in developed countries there is a wide range of them related to the prospecting, extraction, transport and refining of hydrocarbons. This article confines itself to the development and range of floating booms whose common feature is to limit and control oil spreading at sea and to facilitate its recovery.


It is widely accepted that the lunar mantle went through a stage of generalized melting, the so-called magma ocean, which gave rise to the radial minera-logical layering of the planet. Similar evidence is totally missing on Earth for which no remnants of a very early crust are known and mostly indirect arguments. Because of the large Earth's radius, the amount of energy liberated by impactors and by core differentiation seems to have been sufficient to melt the terrestrial mantle down do several hundreds of kilometers [1-2]. The Earth's strong gravity field and the higher water contents of the terrestrial mantle restrict the presence of plagioclase on the liquidus of basaltic melts to shallower levels than on the Moon [3]. The petrological nature (anorthosite vs granite) of a buoyant crust blan-keting a molten terrestrial upper mantle, and even its very existence, therefore remains problematic. A strong argument in favor of early differentiation of the Earth would be the presence of extinct radioactivity anomalies in the mantle source of basalts. Chronometers with a half-life in the range of 1 to100 million years would fractionate in different mantle and crustal layers with parent/daughter ratios that would strongly depend on when the fractionation took place. Samarium-146 decays to 142 Nd with a half-life of 103 My and fractionation of Sm from Nd by crystallization of high-pressure silicates from a magma ocean, notably garnet, majorite, and perovskite, makes this chro-nometer a potential indicator of the presence of a terrestrial magma ocean. A sizeable deficit of 142 Nd relative to the bulk planetary composition formed during condensation has already been identified in various types of meteorites, notably chondrites, mesosiderites, and eucrites [4-7]. This deficit of about 250 ppm (or 2.5 epsilon units) corresponds to a 146 Sm/ 144 Sm ratio at the time the Solar System formed of about 0.0076 ± 0.0005, a value that is divided by two every 100 My. Harper and Jacobsen [8] identified a measurable excess of 142 Nd in a metasediment from the Early Ar-chean supracrustals of Isua, dated at ca. 3.8 Ga by a number of methods and concluded that the terrestrial mantle went through a stage of major differentiation about 4.50 ± 0.10 Gy ago. Although this measurement was replicated many times in the same laboratory, a single anomalous sample and the small amplitude of the anomaly at the limit of the analytical uncertainty (35 ppm) called for a …


The eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the OrrSommerfeld/Squire operator for plane channel flow are determined semi-analytically using the WKB approximation. In this case k⊥ = √ k2 x + k2 z serves as the eigenvalue for the homogeneous equations, where kx and kz are wave numbers in the homogeneous directions parallel to the walls. Then for any given complex wave speed c, the eigenfunctions form a complete set for solutions as a function of y, the coordinate normal to the walls. Application is made to solving effectively the initial value problem with examples assuming plane Poiseuille base flow. Introduction Knowledge of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the OrrSommerfeld/Squire operator can be used in a variety of applications. They, of course, are quite relevant to the prediction of stability and transition in shear flows [5]. They also could be used to construct the resolvent for turbulent wall-bounded flows [4], revealing the linear modes that are most amplified by the nonlinear terms of the Naver-Stokes equations. To determine these eigenfunctions one typically approximates the differential operators by a spectral expansion resulting in large matrices approximating those operators. In this paper we determine these eigenfunctions and eigenvalues semi-analytically for plane channel flow using the WKB (Wentzel, Kramers, Brillouin) approximation [1]. The eigenfunctions are given in terms of the Bessel functions J1 and Y1 and the Airy functions with the wall-normal coordinate y as the argument. The parameters are the wave numbers in the homogeneous directions kx and kz, the Reynolds number Re, and the wave speed c = ω/kx, where the Laplace transform variable s = iω. In this approach the critical layer U(y) = c requires special attention, as might be expected, as well as the location of a possible turning point where d2U/dy2 = k2 ⊥(c−U(y)) where k2 ⊥ = k 2 x +k 2 z . See, for example, [2] to find earlier applications of the WKB method to the analysis of the Orr-Sommerfeld equation. For the inviscid case, we find that for all c in the real interval [0,Umax] there is an infinite sequence of eigenfunctions v j(y,c) with eigenvalue k⊥ j(c) . We then show how these solutions may be used to solve the initial value problem. In the viscous case, we find that the eigenfunctions are composed of solutions that have two types of behavior. One type is a relatively slowly varying function of y, corresponding to an inviscid solution. The other type of behavior is highly oscillatory, varying as [(kxRe)(y−yc)] away from the critical layer at y = yc. Again, these eigenfunctions may be used in a variety of ways. One obvious application is to fix kx and kz to be real constants and then to vary Re until Im(c) = 0, determining the point of marginal stability for that Fourier mode. Applications are made to plane Poiseuille flow. Linearized Navier-Stokes Equations Consider flow in a plane channel with walls at y = ±δ and periodic boundary conditions in the x and z directions. In the following we will be working in Fourier space in the x and z directions. The steady mean flow and vorticity are given as U = (U(y),0,0) (1) Ω = (0,0,−dU(y)/dy) We assume the flow is symmetric, i.e., U(−y) = U(y) and that dU/dy ≤ 0 for y ≥ 0. The linearized Navier-Stokes equations for υ and ωy, Laplace transformed in time, are then (U(y)− c)D2υ−U ′′(y)υ= −iν kx D4υ− i kx Dυ0 (2) (U(y)− c)ωy + kz kx U ′(y)υ= −iν kx Dωy− i kx ωy0, (3) where D2 = d2/dy2− k2 ⊥ and where k 2 ⊥ = k 2 x + k 2 z ,c = ω/kx, , s = −iω is the Laplace transform variable, and ν is the kinematic viscosity.The initial functions of υ and ωy in time are υ0 and ωy0, respectively. The other velocity components, u and w, are then recoverable from the incompressiblity constraint and the expression for ωy in terms of derivatives of u and w. Analysis of the Inviscid Equations We consider first the homogeneous inviscid equation for υ, i.e. (2) with ν and υ0 = 0. d2υ dy2 − ( U ′′(y) U(y)− c + k2 ⊥ ) υ = 0. (4) We assume (4) is amenable to a WKB solution so that υ(y) is given approximately as υ(y) = χ−1/4(y)exp ( ±i Z y√ χ(y′)dy′ ) , (5)


tors of the hospitality industry have seen an increase of roughly 25 percent in the number of operations held by chain organizadons.' This development has not only worked changes in the prevailing patterns of ownership and corporate control within the industry ; it has also affected the roles and responsibilities of managers at the unit level. The present study examines managerial jobs in the hospitality industry as they are performed in chain organizations.2 The study's results should be of interest to in-


The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of plastic waste along the coast of Madidir, Bitung City. This type of research is descriptive quantitative using a survey approach that analyzes data spatially. The method of collecting waste is carried out in 2 ways, namely: the first way, the installation of points at 4 locations, namely at Madidir Weru, Madidir Uure, Madidir Unet, and Madidir Main which follow the coastline of Madidir. The second way, when point installation takes place in 4 locations where calculations, measurements and weights are also carried out directly on the coast of Madidir. Based on the research results, the plastic waste obtained starts from mineral drink bottles, straws, aqua glasses, etc. At 4 location points, it is known that the amount of plastic waste in madidir weru is 221 per piece, madidir unet is 172 per fruit, madidir madidir is 141 per piece, and madidir ure is 71 per piece. While the total amount of plastic waste along the coast of Madidir City of Bitung is 605 per piece. The results of the identification of the distribution of plastic waste along the Madidir coast of Bitung City can be seen as contributing to marine pollution.


(57) Abstract: The present invention is particularly useful to aid the detection of Coccidioides immitis, describes the oligonucleotides targeting Coccidi oides immitis nucleic acid sequence. These oligonucleotides can aid in the detection of Coccidioides immits in a variety of ways, for example, acting as hybridization analysis probes and / or amplification primers.


In this paper we give a basic algorithm of inverse matrix of the double-binary level-2 (r_1,r_2)-cyclic matrix of type (n,m) by only product of some matrix and the formula of the inverse matrix of the binary (r-cyclic) matrix.


The mobility of electrons in vertical transport in GaAs/Ga1−yAlyAs barrier structures was investigated using geometric magnetoresistance measurements in the dark. The samples studied had Ga1−yAlyAs (0 ≤ y ≤ 0:26) linearly graded barriers between the n+-GaAs contacts and the Ga0:74Al0:26As central barrier, which contain Nw (=0, 2, 4, 7 and 10) n-doped GaAs quantum wells. The mobility was determined as functions of (i) temperature (80–290 K) at low applied voltage (0.01–0.1 V) and (ii) applied voltage (0.005–1.6 V) at selected temperatures in the range 3.5–290 K. The experimental results for the temperature dependence of low-field mobility suggest that space-charge scattering is dominant in the samples with Nw=0 and 2, whereas ionized impurity scattering is dominant in the samples with Nw=4, 7 and 10. The effect of polar optical phonon scattering on the mobility becomes significant in all barrier structures at temperatures above about 200 K. The difference between the measured mobility and the calculated total mobility in the samples with Nw=4, 7 and 10, observed above 200 K, is attributed to the reflection of electrons from well-barrier interfaces in the quantum wells and interface roughness scattering. The rapid decrease of mobility with applied voltage at high voltages is explained by intervalley scattering of hot electrons.


To overcome the poor directional selectivity of wavelet transform,a new self-adaptive multi-sensor image fusion algorithm was proposed based on the dual-tree complex wavelet-Contourlet transform.Using this algorithm,the panchromatic and multispectral images were first decomposed and transformed,and then different fusion rules were used according to different frequency characteristics: the self-adaptive regional energy coefficients added fusion rule were used for the low-frequency and the regional feature self-adaptive fusion rule for the high-coefficients.The final fusion images was obtained by reconstruction.Compared with other fusion algorithms,the results showed that the self-adaptive image fusion algorithm based on the dual-tree complex wavelet-contourlet transform was feasible and effective.


High school, college, and university students as well as citizens encounter quantitative information in a wide variety of media and contexts, such as in books, journals, newspapers, magazines, advertising, the workplace and on the Internet. While it is often assumed that people are able interpret published data in context, this assumption is open to question. In this paper, a Five Step Framework to help both teachers and students to interpret data in the form of tables or graphs is described and exemplified. Development of the Framework by Kemp was based on the SOLO taxonomy devised by Biggs and Collis. The Framework offers a progression from simple numerical reading of a table, to more complex interpretations of tables and graphs needed for a better understanding of data in their context. The Framework has been used successfully in primary, secondary and tertiary mathematics education to support both students and their teachers.


The wake behind a rectangular forebody with variable inlet conditions is investigated. The perforated surface of the two-dimensional rectangular forebody, with a smooth leading edge and a blunt tra ...


Direct‐acting agents (DAAs) have launched a new era of hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. As aged individuals comprise a large percentage of HCV‐infected patients, the effectiveness and safety of DAAs in the elderly have come under scrutiny. This meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DAAs in elderly patients. After a systematic search in PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, OVID MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library and other databases, two investigators reviewed relevant abstracts and selected manuscripts for examination. The sustained virologic response (SVR) and adverse event (AE) rates were calculated with a random‐effects model. Ninety studies evaluating SVR rates of elderly patients (≥65 years old) receiving DAAs were selected. DAAs in elderly patients exhibited a notable SVR rate of 96% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 95%–97%), accompanied by comparable rates in subgroup analyses. The comparison of SVR rates in elderly and non‐elderly patients indicated no significant discrepancy (odds ratio [OR] 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00–1.01). The overall event rate of AEs was 45% (95% CI: 31%–60%), though AE rates varied by subgroups. Furthermore, AEs were comparatively more frequent (OR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04–1.28) in the elderly than non‐elderly, especially in subgroups such as SAE (OR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.52–2.36) and dose reduction in ribavirin (OR 1.90, 95% CI: 1.53–2.36). However, in the ribavirin (RBV)‐free regimen, there was no significant difference in the incidence of AEs between the elderly and non‐elderly groups. DAAs have high efficacy in elderly patients. Considering the possibility of AE, the RBV‐free regimen should be given prior consideration for the treatment of elderly patients with HCV.


A Dutch boy and girl work toward two goals--finding the doctor who can restore their father's memory and winning the competition for the silver skates.


This compound is formed by acting upon glycerine with a mixture, in equal volumes, of concentrated nitric and sulphuric acids, the glycerine being added by a few drops at a time.


Makes a comparative analysis between undergraduate level courses in tourism/hospitality in Brazil and those in the UK, building on work by Teixeira et al. Analyses courses structure, reason for creation and focus. In Brazil, according to Rejowski, undergraduate university level courses in tourism/hospitality are relatively recent, beginning in the 1970s. The first hospitality course was created by the Universidade de Caxias do Sul, 1978. According to data gathered by the Ministry of Education, there has been an impressive growth in the number of tourism/hospitality undergraduate courses in Brazil. Data provided by the Ministry state that the total number of courses registered is 284; 225 in tourism and 59 in hospitality/hospitality management. First, presents a brief theoretical review about tourism/hospitality education; after that, a description of the methodological approach adopted in this study with a description of type, method, tools, and data collection procedures used in the research. Analyses the results of the project along with comparisons in the UK. Finally, presents a conclusion to this study.


The subject of the articleis to discuss the problem of reading poetry in the changing educational reality. As research material, I used the statements made by students on how to work with poetica Texas Turing Polish language lessons in secondary school as well as testimonies of the reception of the works of Jan Kochanowski and Ignacy Krasicki, taking into account the experiences of contemporary teenagers, collected in questionnaires.


TRIM/PC is a microcomputer program for calculating two dimensional non-linear magnetic field. In this paper, the following problems are discussed: 1) thefunction of the program; 2) the problems encountered in the implantation of theprogram to microcomputer; 3) the drawing of mesh and field force lines.


Abstract:
This paper tries to reveal another side of the phenomenon of violence against women which is currently viral on social media. It is related to the case of paid polygamy mentoring which is not in accordance with Islamic law and the conditions of Indonesian society in particular. The glorification of women's violence is a frightening threat to marriages that can start with polygamy. In the sense of violence, Polygamy has implication for the concept of gender, both in terms of gender, physical, sexuality, and psychological differences.In fact, the scholars explained in the Qur'an, namely, "Shalihun likulli zammani wa makkani." It means that the Qur'an emphasizes that women's justice in marriage is appreciated contextually, namely monogamy. The aim of this paper is analyzing of the Qur'an on Annisa' Verse 3 on women's violence glorification in paid polygamy mentoring campaigns. It is used the Maudhu'i interpretation method. Thus, there is an effort to reform the style (uslub) of Islamic da'wah without the need to explore the law in length and width which has implications on the grammatical side, which is also able to prevent the emergence of ideological contradictions of contemporary thought.In conclusion, polygamy may be carried out as long as it is carried out with the correct Shari'ah and Islamic law and is not due to customary factors, or local environmental traditions, and does not burden one party.


Background: Current ventilator bundles primarily aim to prevent pneumonia. New ventilator-associated event (VAE) definitions launched by the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) in Jan 2013 detect other physiologic processes than pneumonia. Use of higher positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) may reduce other causes of VAE, such as atelectasis and acute lung injury. Methods: We initiated a pilot project in a 22-bed surgical/trauma ICU, part of a large community-based academic health care system, in December 2013. The project involved initiating PEEP of 8 cm H20, rather than 5, as the standard option for all newly ventilated patients in the study ICU. Respiratory therapists were educated as to the protocol and conducted spontaneous breathing trials and ventilator weaning per their usual practice. We tracked number and rate of VAEs (per 1000 ventilator-days), mean ventilator-days per month, and mean ICU days per month. Results: During the 4-month pilot, 263 patients underwent mechanical ventilation in the study ICU. The total VAE, IVAC, and possible/probable VAP rates decreased during the pilot, while the VAC rate remained stable. Compared to the preceding 4 months (with 291 ventilated patients), average ventilator days decreased slightly during the PEEP trial (4.6 ± 4.8 days vs. 5.1 ± 5.9 days, p = 0.3) and average ICU length of stay remained stable (6.7 ± 8.3 days vs. 6.8 ± 7.9 days). No barotrauma or other complications were detected. Discussion: Pilot data suggest that higher standard PEEP levels at time of initiation of mechanical ventilation may help to reduce VAE, without increasing harm. Other ventilator bundle components were utilized simultaneously and likely also contributed to decreased events. Further study is warranted in additional ICUs, for longer duration, and of additional outcomes such as antimicrobial utilization. CONCLUSIONS • Although PEEP of 5 cm H20 often habitual, increasing PEEP at lower levels of FiO2 standardized in published protocols & supported by improved outcomes • Increasing baseline amount of PEEP from 5 to 8 cm H20: • Not difficult to implement with appropriate planning & training of RTs (to overcome sentiment that patients on 8 of PEEP "sicker," ensure that spontaneous breathing trials still performed daily, as to not trigger VACs)


Enhanced contrast by coherence could distinguish malignant from healthy tissues, or provide diagnostic interpretation. In this work, optical random Gaussian beams are employed to model light propagation in biological tissues by Green's functions.


Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) can be used to produce thick, hard, corrosion-resistant coatings on light metals. Despite its long history, the understanding of the mechanism of formation of the coatings is comparatively limited. In the present work, galvanostatic growth of PEO coatings on a WE54 magnesium alloy is investigated, with compositions, morphologies and structures of films determined by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, electron probe microanalysis and glow-discharge optical-emission spectroscopy. The examinations reveal transformation of the pre-breakdown film morphology to the characteristic morphology of the final PEO coating. The mechanism of growth is investigated by tracer studies achieved by sequential anodizing in electrolytes of differing composition. The growth of the coatings is associated with incorporation of significant amounts of electrolyte species following dielectric breakdown and sparking, as well as species originating in the substrate. The results disclose formation of new coating material at the film/electrolyte interface, as well as within the pre-existing coating.


The impact of globalisation on services is increasingly receiving the attention of researchers and policy-makers alike, as services have emerged as the single largest contributor to economic growth and employment. The present examines the processes of globalisation and their impact on the service sector, in particular on the IT-enabled services. Over the past decade or so, low-wage countries such as India have developed vibrant, export-oriented software and IT service industries, which admittedly have both positive and negative implications. On the positive side, globalisation tends to force down the price of services in high cost areas, increase output and improve service quality. On the negative side, there is dislocation from increased competition as uncompetitive firms lose market-share and their employees are laid-off. India is the most prominent off-shore location in the TT sector. Depending on the statistical source one is using, its share of global off-shore outsourcing business is estimated at 70 to 90 per cent. Its service portfolio focuses on a range of activities - application development, taking over the entire IT infrastructure or individual business support services (Business Process Outsourcing - BPO), and call centre services. As India's major trading partner, North America accounts for the lion's share - two thirds - of the subcontinent's software and IT-based services exports. Software and service export firms in India are growing at 20 to 25 per cent per year according to the best statistics available; and each of the three leading Indian software firms (InfoSys, TCS, and Wipro) already employs over 40,000 people. India has made substantial inroads in applications development, where it has captured 16.4 per cent of the world market. India's recent boom in outsourcing of IT services has further facilitated declining costs of international communication and transportation, which points to the wide range of economic opportunities existing in the service businesses. By 2008, the global market for IT-enabled services alone will exceed US $1,000 billion, and India's export of IT services will exceed $50 billion which is double the country's total export of goods and services in 2000.


United cloud frameworks increment the dependability and lessen the expense of the computational help. The subsequent mix of secure private mists and less secure open mists, together with the way that assets should be situated inside various mists, emphatically influences the data stream security of the whole framework. In this paper, the mists just as elements of a combined cloud framework are alloted security levels, and a probabilistic stream delicate security model for a unified cloud framework is proposed. At that point the thought of murkiness — an idea catching the security of data stream — of a distributed computing frameworks is presented, and various variations of quantitative examination of haziness are exhibited. Accordingly, one can follow the data stream in a cloud framework, and break down the effect of various asset assignment techniques by measuring the comparing murkiness attributes. Joined cloud frameworks increment the immovability and diminish the expense of the computational help. The resulting mix of secure private mists and less secure open mists, together with the way in which that advantages should be orchestrated inside various hazes, unequivocally impacts the data stream security of the whole structure. In this paper, the mists comparably as substances of a joined cloud structure are alloted security levels, and a probabilistic stream delicate security model for a united cloud framework is proposed. By then the possibility of shadowiness — an idea getting the security of data stream — of a passed on figuring frameworks is presented, and various assortments of quantitative assessment of obscurity are appeared. Thusly, one can seek after the data stream in a cloud structure, and take a gander at the effect of various asset scattering systems by surveying the differentiating dimness attributes.


Based on the different characteristics of shaping images in literature,the paper analyzes the characteristics of indirect way of shaping images by using language.On the basis of the unprecision,uncertainty and relativity of the literary language,it states the characteristics of vagueness and the various expressions in images and time.


The morphological basis of language has been regarded as the core exclusivity of human language. According to this view, we can ground such a complex function as language on anatomical basis, but on the other hand this position collides with the evidences from evolutionary biology and psychobiology, that brought the speciality of human language back to a comparative level, proving that the brain primacy of the cognitive sciences' second phase was wrong. The model used to explain the biological nature of language regards thus the anatomical structures as a biological constraint that anchors to reality, an anatomical and functional ratchet effect rather than a guarantee of the presence of language. According to this perspective, the peripherical and central structures of language can't be trivially seen as the "biological basis" of language but they influence its realization in a qualitative way. The aim of this work is to inquire on the biological nature of language, more precisely on the auditory cortex specialization for language. Recent research on the auditory cortex showed that it plays a central adaptive role in primates and it thus shows a functional hyperspecialization. In primates the auditory perception would be connected to a core evolutionary role: intraspecies communication. Thus, the auditory perception has a central function for highly social species like primates: to recognize the biological meaning of communicative sounds. Moreover, psychobiological and neuroscientific data showed a hypersensitivity of the human auditory cortex for linguistic sounds, with a typical activation for consonant and words belonging to native language. This data would support the idea of an exaptation of the human auditory cortex for linguistic purposes, an exaptation grounded on an anatomical structure which has been originally selected for communication.


The peculiar concerns of modern society tend to furnish the lenses through which figures like Muḥammad are viewed today. That is, modern biographies of the Prophet tend to see him chiefly as a leader responsible for establishing a movement, the significance of which is to be gauged mainly in terms of its social and political impact. His prophetic role is often understood primarily in terms of the establishment of ritual and legal norms that, in principle, governed the habits of an emerging Islamic civilization. The modern European concept of multiple religions carries with it assumptions about a contest between major religions for establishing a dominant position in the world today. Thus, a prophet who is viewed as the founder of one of the world's major religions is inevitably seen, in retrospect, mostly as a key player in this historic struggle. This observation holds both for non-Muslim Euro-Americans alarmed about the very existence of Islam, and for Muslim triumphalists who take refuge in Islam as an anticolonial identity. Modern reformist Muslims tend to downplay suggestions that the Prophet could have had any extraordinary status beyond ordinary human beings, and the Protestant inclinations that characterize much of the contemporary climate of opinion on religion (for Christians and non-Christians alike) reinforce the notion that Islam is a faith that lacks the supernatural baggage to be found, for instance, in Catholic Christianity.


Colorectal cancer has a high incidence in Brazil, with the South and Southeast regions presenting the largest number of cases. Objective: Identify the epidemiological characteristics and the regimens used as first-line treatment of patients with colorectal cancer treated at a cancer center in Santa Cruz do Sul (RS, Brazil) from 2006 to 2011. Methods: The records of 130 patients were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics, such as age, gender, ethnic group, stage of disease, primary site of disease and first-line treatment, were evaluated. The association of significance was evaluated using the chi-square and Fischer exact tests. The confidence interval used was 95% (p<0.05). Results: The mean age of patients with colorectal cancer in this study was 60.8 years, with higher incidence of the disease in men. At diagnosis, 40% of the patients had advanced disease stage IV. The regimen of 5-fluorouracil/folic acid (68.5%) was used as first-line treatment. Conclusion: This study showed high prevalence of colorectal cancer in patients of advanced age with the diagnosis made in the later stage of the disease. This fact demonstrates the importance of prevention campaigns that encourage periodic examinations in patients over 50 years of age.


The drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses limiting crop productivity especially in sandy soils in arid and semi-arid areas. So, using soil amendments such as vermicompost (VC), biochar (BC), and polymer (PL) are more important in these areas. Lysimeter experiments with sandy soil were carried out at Sakha Agric. Res. Station, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt to study the effect of 0.4% PL, 4.0% VC and 1.0% BC (W:W soil) on productivity of wheat (2018/019) and maize (2019) under tow irrigation levels (irrigation after depletion of 50% and 75% from available water). The obtained results indicated that irrigation at 75% moisture depletion (irrigation deficit) decreased plant height, 100-grain weight, grain and straw yields, water applied to wheat (-16.8%) and maize (-20%) compared to that with higher irrigation level (50% depletion). Also, water productivity was slightly decreased for wheat, but it slightly increased for maize and ECe values were slightly increased due to irrigation deficit. Also, applications of soil amendments and their combinations significantly increased plant height, 100-grain weight, and yield and water productivity of both crops and improved soil porosity and field capacity. The VC was more effective followed by BC and PL, while their interactions were the most effective on these parameters. Moreover, soil amendments alleviated the deleterious effects of irrigation deficit on plant growth and salt accumulation. Finally, applying BC combined with VC and PL could be recommended as a good approach to maintain long-term productivity of sandy soils and mitigate the hazardous effects of drought stresses.


Yixibuxue is usually used to refer to"Shuixi"in Yuan Dynasty.It is believed the word of Yixi buxue was from Mongolian by some scholars.Some scholars believed it came from Yi Language and the others thought it was from neither Mongolian nor Yi Language.It is proved that the word"Yixibuxue "came from Yi Language in the term of the documents in Chinese and Yi language".Yixibuxue"is translated into"Eguipuse"in the later documents.And the word"Yixibuxue"was from the name of one of the ancestries of Shuixianshi.With the multiplication of their offspring,Yixibuxue became the name of the clan,and then the name of the tribe and the place name.


A highly efficient and versatile synthetic approach to the synthesis of pyrido[4′, 3′: 4]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines (4, 14, 15, 21) and their heterofused (e.g., triazolo-, triazino-, imidazo-, and tetrazolo-,) pyridothienopyrimidines (5–9, 16, 17, 22–24) is described utilizing 2-amino-3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid ethyl ester ( 2 ) and diethyl 2-isothio-cyanate-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-3,6-dicarboxylate ( 10 ) as starting materials.


This study aims to find out the effect of the listening supports on the students' listening performance. The students under concern were the second-semester students taking the English II subject at STIKOM Bali. The data source in this study is a primary data, which has been got directly from one class of listening comprehension in semester II year in 2017. This class was chosen since the students of this class have already learned the listening comprehension for seven meetings. Theory of listening comprehension was used in this research. There were 34 students' listening test results analyzed by using the qualitative method in collecting data. This research used a descriptive research in describing the result. The finding shows that the percentage of students' performance in Listening Comprehension I which used the two listening supports prior the test was 55.2%, this was higher than the percentage of the students' performance in Listening Comprehension II which did not use the two listening supports only 48.5%. It can be concluded that the two listening supports prior the listening test affect the students listening test result.


Abstract This article discusses the use of Spanish female characters in three recent Mexican films (Amores perros, Y tu mamá también, Sin dejar huella). The article argues that, beyond any allegorical exotism with a colonialist air, or beyond globalist posturing, the transatlantic female body is used to question and/or analyse narratives of national unity and integrity in crisis.


Context: Radiotherapy for patients with acromegaly was considered when patients have residual disease or tumor recurrence after surgery, or when surgery can't be carried out. There are two main modes of radiotherapy, including stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT). Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to present the effectiveness and safety of SRS and FSRT for GH secreting pituitary adenoma in clinical practice. Methods: We searched the published literature using following databases: Pub Med, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and EMBASE up to March 22, 2020, for studies in which SRS or FSRT were used in patients with GH secreting pituitary. Results: A total of 33 studies were eligible, involving 2016 participants. No significant differences were observed in tumor shrinkage rate, local tumor control rate and adverse effect rate between SRS and FSRT. Compared to FSRT, SRS showed significant increase in biochemical remission rate (43% vs. 28%; p=0.023) and significant lower follow-up GH level (SMD: -1.20 vs. -0.37, p=0.006). Conclusions: SRS and FSRT showed comparable effectiveness and safety in the management of GH secreting pituitary adenoma patients. SRS might be associated with better biochemical remission.


As a form of self-agglomeration of microorganism,aerobic granular has broad application prospects in disposing municipal sewage and organic industrial wastewater.This paper analyzes the influencing factors of the formation of aerobic granular sludge,such as furface hydrophobicity,shearing force,COD volume load,dissolved oxygen,the running period and sedimentation time,the concentration of Ca2+ in influent,the configuration and ratio of height to diameter of the reactor,and provides possibility for the rapid culture and research on industrial application of the aerobic granular sludge.


The author compares existing models of interenterprise education in Voronezh, analyses the process of education management at one of the enterprises. The estimation procedure of leaders and specialists competence is suggested to perfect the planning and effectiveness estimation mechanisms of employee's education.


This paper reviews the history of time-current curves and the development of time-current curve techniques and practices leading up to the present day standards. A format will be suggested for the calculation and Illustration of benchmarks on time-current curves. The discussion will encompass medium and low-voltage coordination benchmarks as well as Identification of time-current curve elements. A brief discussion of time-current curve production using computer graphic techniques is also Included.


Since the period Northern Song,the unfailing legend of Yangjiajiang has contained abundant and complicated value and ideas of the lower-class people.Yangjiajiang drama in the Yuan Dynasty occupied a pivotal and important place.By unscrambling the existing five dramas on Yangjiajiang,this article analyses and concludes the mentality,reputation and morality idea,loyalty ethic and political ideality of the lower-class people.The article is also an attempt to rewrite the thought history of the people of the Song and Yuan Dynasties.


By using the sol-gel technique and the liquidspray method (LFS), three different iron oxide doped alumina-based catalyst s (Catalysts A, B and C) were prepared by using iron nitrate and ferrocene as the iron source. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes were obtained by a decomposition of methane gas over Catalysts A and C, but not over Catalyst B. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and the nitrogen adsorption /desorption test were used to compare the three different catalysts and discuss the inuence of th e different catalysts on the formation of the multiwalled carbon nanotubes.


Abstract This research aimed to reveal the relationship of SRY-type HMG box 9 (SOX9) gene polymorphisms with osteoarthritis (OA) risk in a Chinese population. Polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing were used for genotyping polymorphism in 152 OA patients and 139 controls. Firstly, the conformity of genotype distribution to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in the control group was checked. The differences in genotype and allele frequencies of our studied polymorphism were compared between the two groups using chi-square test. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was used to appraise the strength of the relationship between the polymorphism and OA occurrence. Cross-over analysis was conducted to reveal the interaction between polymorphisms in SOX9. The AA genotype of the polymorphism rs1042667 was significantly correlated to the increased susceptibility to OA (OR = 2.075, 95%CI = 1.042–4.132). We also detected that the A allele of the polymorphism rs1042667 also obviously increased the occurrence of OA in our study (OR = 1.401, 95%CI = 1.009–1.945). Moreover, the G allele of the polymorphism rs12601701 and the A allele of the polymorphism rs1042667 could significantly elevate the risk of OA (OR = 2.075, 95%CI = 1.021–4.218). SOX9 polymorphism rs1042667 may be a risk factor for OA in Chinese Han population. The interaction between the polymorphisms rs1042667 and rs12601701 also contribute to OA risk.


Preface Capital is Dead: Long Live Ultra Capital? The Individual-Collective Dialectic in Management Sciences. A Re-Reading Based on the Interpellation of Finance from a Marketing Standpoint Ireland & the Crisis The Global Mortgage Crisis Litigation Fallout From Finance to Green Technology Activist States, Geopolitical Finance & Hybrid Neoliberalism Globalization & Economic Crisis: Does Information Really Matter? Towards a New Political Economy of Central Banking In Search of Relevant Regulatory Policies: A Minskyian Analysis of the Current Financial Crisis Mortgage Markets Matter: Why We Need a Better Understanding of the Mortgage Market to Understand the Financial Crisis Private Equity & The Current Financial Crisis: Risk & Opportunism Sub-Prime Crisis : Market Failures or Human Follies? Portfolios, Information & Geometry: Simplex Orbis Non Sufficit Index.


The rise of judicial activism is not only closely related with the formation of socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, but also with the continuous exploration into modern China ruled of law.Besides, the cultural development of court is gradually given attention, which provides a cultural soft power support for further practice of activist justice. Furthermore, the modern value of traditional China judicial culture has provided diachronic resources for the formation and practice of judicial activism. It can be said that the joint action of legal factors and forces with complexity and comprehensiveness has given rise to a relatively independent judicial mode. The present China's judicial reform should not only pay attention to,but respect and utilize these factors and forces. Thus, the judicial reform will advance towards an independent one.


Worldwide, it has been estimated that immunisation programs prevent approximately 2.5 million deaths each year. An additional 1.5 million deaths could be avoided, however, if global vaccination coverage improves. Global vaccination coverage is generally holding steady. The Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on immunization identified 5 factors to achieving results in immunization coverage: quality and use of data, community involvement, better access to immunization services for marginalized and displaced populations, strong health systems, access to vaccines in all places at all times. Monitoring data at sub-national levels is critical to helping countries prioritize and tailor vaccination strategies and operational plans to address immunization gaps and reach every person with lifesaving vaccines. Countries are aiming to achieve vaccination coverage of at least 90% nationally and at least 80% in every district, introduction of one or more new or underutilized vaccines in all low-and middle-income countries, certification of polio eradication, measles and rubella eliminated in at least five World Health Organization regions by 2020. By 2016, 130 countries had reached at least 90% coverage of third dose of Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine. Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine had been introduced in 191 countries and coverage with 3 doses of vaccine is estimated at 70%.Global coverage with 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine is estimated at 84%.Human papillomavirus vaccine was introduced in 74 countries by the end of 2016.Of the children worldwide, 85% had received 1 dose of measles. Mumps vaccine had been introduced nationwide in 121 countries by the end of 2016.Pneumococcal vaccine had been introduced in 134 countries by the end of 2016, and global coverage was estimated at 42%. In 2016, 85% of infants around the world received 3 doses of polio vaccine. Rotavirus vaccine was introduced in 90 countries by the end of 2016, and global coverage was estimated at 25%. Rubella vaccine was introduced nationwide in 152 countries by the end of 2016 and global coverage was estimated at 47%.


The importance of evaluation depends on many institutions, whether governmental or private, including media institutions, rely on the list to evaluate the weight of things and appreciation, as well as judging things, achievements, and everything related to the institution is concerned. Because through evaluation, institutions can recognize weaknesses and strengths. It is also an effective tool for management review, through which the institution can review everything related to planning and decision-making, leadership, incentives and other administrative matters.

Therefore, this study attempts to shed light on the evaluation process, its basics and its importance in general and in the Kurdish media institutions as a model in particular.

The researchers, in this research, adopted the methodological and scientific methods to highlight the evaluation in media institutions through research in both theoretical and field aspects. After discussing the results and in the light of the objectives of this research, the researchers concluded several important points as recommendations and suggestions.


A spectrofluorimetric method is described for the determination of trace amounts of beryllium, based on its reaction with Nuclear Fast Red. The detection limit is 3 ng ml–1 and the method can be used to determine between 10 and 80 ng ml–1 of beryllium. The stoicheiometry of the complex is 1 : 1. The method has been satisfactorily applied to the determination of beryllium in rocks, alloys and steels.


4547Background: Neuropsychological assessments suggest chemotherapy may lead to cognitive impairment but causal links remain unclear. Methodological limitations can be addressed by prospective long...