We propose a toxicity and efficacy probability interval (TEPI) design for dose-finding in phase I oncology studies. This approach incorporates efficacy outcomes to inform dosing decisions to optimize both efficacy and safety. Decision rules can be prespecified, allowing for transparency to clinicians and non-statisticians. The TEPI design is an extension over the modified toxicity probability interval (mTPI) design, which uses only dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) data for dose escalation. The TEPI method is motivated by recent promising data from cancer immunotherapies, for which response or a biomarker for response can be observed in the same interval as a DLT. The TEPI method is based on a two-way decision table constructed by combining the target probability intervals of DLT and efficacy. It uses a beta/binomial hierarchical model to compute the posterior probabilities of intervals for toxicity and efficacy. The dosing decision depends on the joint unit probability mass of toxicity and efficacy data, which follows the Bayes rule under independent beta prior distributions. TEPI can pre-calculate all dosing actions for any possible combination of toxicity and efficacy outcome at a certain time point during a trial. For example, dose escalation or de-escalation decisions at time of 6, 9, and 12 treated patients are provided in Table 1. In the current era of potent novel agents in oncology, phase I trials that simultaneously optimize antitumor activity and safety may accelerate development of these therapies. The proposed TEPI method recognize this needs, and is appealing to clinicians because all dose escalation or de-escalation can be prespecified. Simulation studies have been performed to evaluate the performance of TEPI, and compared to other designs.
 Table 1. The letters in cells are computed based on the decision rules under the TEPI method and represent different dose-finding actions. EU: Unacceptable efficacy; DU: Unacceptable safety. Target toxicity probability = 0.3 and target response rate probability = 0.5. Citation Format: Daniel H. Li, Jim Whitmore, Yuan Ji. Toxicity and efficacy probability intervals design for phase I dose-finding in oncology trials. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 423.


In this paper we provide a survey on LLL lattice basis reduction in practice. We introduce several new heuristics as to speed up known lattice basis reduction methods and improve the quality of the computed reduced lattice basis in practice. We analyze substantial experimental data and to our knowledge, we are the first to present general heuristics for determining which variant of the reduction algorithm, for varied parameter choices, yields the most efficient reduction strategy for reducing a particular problem instance.


AbstractAfter aspirin was introduced by the Bayer Company of Germany in 1899, it rapidly gained an established place in medical therapy. Its potent antiinflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic properties, together with the absence of obvious side effects, made its success certain. As well as becoming a first-line drug for the general relief of severe pain and for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid disease, it has become the most widely used of all household remedies for a variety of minor ailments. In the United Kingdom and the U. s., it is marketed in at least 320 proprietary preparations,1 with consumption in the U. S. estimated at the staggering figure of 20 billion tablets per year.2 Use of aspirin in such large amounts must in itself provide some guarantee as to its relative safety. However, over the last four decades there has been an increasing interest in its gastric side effects.


Streams near Mt. St. Helens, Washington, differ in degree of watershed disturbance caused by the 1980 eruption. Summer densities of tailed frog tadpoles (Ascaphus truei) varied considerably both within and between several of these streams. Differences in density among streams were most clearly associated with differences in extent of forest in the basin. Streams in basins with little forest had maximum temperatures near 20°C and few Ascaphus. In completely or partially forested basins, maximum stream temperatures were <18°C, and tadpole densities were relatively high. Variation in density within streams was associated with substrate size, substrate embeddedness, and current speed. In many watersheds near Mt. St. Helens, Ascaphus is apparently locally extinct or nearly so. Reestablishment of populations in these watersheds may require several decades because of (1) the time required for habitat recovery and (2) the poor dispersal abilities of adults.


In this article we consider the questions of one-valued solvability of initial value problem for a nonlinear Hilfer type fractional differential equation with nonlinear maxima.
By the aid of uncomplicated integral transformation based on Dirichlet formula, this initial value problem is reduced to the nonlinear Volterra type fractional integral equation with nonlinear maxima.
It is proved the theorem of existence and uniqueness of the solution of given initial value problem in an interval under consideration.
It is proved also the stability of the desired solution with respect to given parameter.


Let B be a unital C*-subalgebra of a unital C*-algebra A, so that A/B is an abstract operator space. We show how to realize A/B as a concrete operator space by means of a completely contractive map from A into the algebra of operators on a Hilbert space, of the form a maps to [z, a] where z is a Hermitian unitary operator. We do not use Ruan's theorem concerning concrete realization of abstract operator spaces. Along the way we obtain corresponding results for abstract operator spaces of the form A/V where V is a closed subspace of A, and then for the more special cases in which V is a *-subspace or an operator system.


Heavy metal compounds are the main source of water pollution and are through sewage and industrial effluents in the aquatic environment. Some heavy me tal compounds are also used in fish ponds by the aq ua culturist to control algal blooms. Fish are in dire ct contact with the environment and are susceptible to any change that may occur. It is expected that such cha nges would be reflected in the physiology of the fi sh and particularly in the histopathology of reproductive organs. In the present investigation the toxic effect of selenium dioxide was observed on the testis of freshwater fish, Channa punctatus. The effect of 28 days exposure to sub lethal concentration of selen ium dioxide (0.5 mg / L) and the changes were observed after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the treatment on histopathology of testis of the freshwater fish, Ch anna punctatus (Bloch ), were assessed noticeable degenerative histopathological changes observed in the testis we re more prominent in the group with abnormal behavi our. These observations that even safe sub lethal concen tration of selenium dioxide might not be fully devo id of deleterious influence on reproductive functions in Channa punctatus.


. The advent of Information and Communication Technology brought some advances in the field of Operations Management. The RFID, when used as Ordering Coordination System provides benefits not only for Production Control. To identify these benefits, this work used a Systematic Literature Review. The results presented 15 benefits, classified into 4 areas that impact the Shop Floor Control and a framework containing the information flow necessary to operationalise the SFC 4.0. The discussion presented some insights relating the benefits with the maturity level of the entire SFC ecosystem when adopting RFID technology and a brief agenda for future studies in this field of knowledge. It was possible to conclude that although the use of RFID is not new, its use as a premise for SFC operationalisation is yet in its initial stage of maturity, which could be reinforced by the fact that the most cited benefits were related to the initial stage of informational flow presented in the framework.


This paper discusses the implications for counsellors of a discourse analytic study examining men's talk about body weight. It is argued that research in the area of problems with body has neglected the growing pressures on men to manage body as a feature of self. This research perpetuates the dominant discursive construction of men's relationship to body as unproblematic — a construction that may present many barriers to men in seeking help for any distress encountered. An analysis of men's talk is discussed in terms of the expectation that body is not problematic and the observable downplaying of any concerns acknowledged. The accountability of body as a site of regulation also emerges within the extracts presented. It is argued that this property within the accounts resonates with work highlighting the growing pressures on men to exercise control over body. The contradictions between the two discourses identified are discussed in terms of their therapeutic implications. It is postulated that male distr...


The EACTS annual meeting in Geneva this September saw the release of the 4th EACTS adult cardiac surgery database report w1x. It contains an analysis of over 1,000,000 patients from 366 hospitals in 29 countries. Most submitting countries are in Europe, but we also have important contributions from China including Hong Kong. It is a voluntary database and some countries submit data on all cardiac surgery operations undertaken, others only for surgery performed in a smaller numbers of hospitals. It is testament to the professional societies representing cardiac surgery in these countries, along with the hospitals and surgeons involved, that data from so many patients have been collected in registries and further tribute to the trust placed in EACTS and their partners that these data have been returned and permissions granted for analysis. The report gives many interesting findings, including variation in the proportion of cardiac surgery that is isolated coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), with an overall proportion of 56.8% in the database, ranging from 29.7% to 79.6% across countries. Over time there are trends towards a decreasing proportion of CABG along with an increase in valve surgery for the larger contributing countries. The majority of countries have returned mortality data for analysis, and this is close to complete in 18 countries and complete in more than 95% of patients for a further three. Four countries have submitted no mortality data. Overall mortality for isolated CABG is 2.2% (ns219,053), for isolated valve surgery 3.7% (ns75,247) and for combined valve and CABG 6.2% (ns37,721). These data from so many patients should act as useful crude contemporary benchmarks.


The present invention relates to a brake independent of load to one kind or ADF escalator stairs or pedal-way street; wherein when at least one security element response, interacts with at least one drive motor (4) of the drive (6 ) performs control to activate the time-dependent brake ramp (3), whereby the speed of the stair or pallets (v) is substantially reduced to 0m / s at a constant deceleration. The present invention further relates to a braking device for braking or automatically take the escalator stairs or pedal-way street.


A Schiff base complex of palladium anchored on Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient and magnetically reusable nanocatalyst is reported for CC bond formation through Heck and Suzuki reactions. The catalyst was easily recovered and reused several times without significant loss of its catalytic efficiency or palladium leaching. The magnetic nanocatalyst was characterized using Fourier transform infrared and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis, vibrating sample magnetometry, and transmission and scanning electron microscopies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


31 31 31 31 The near-infrared to visible upconversion behavior of some selected Er , Tm , Dy and Ho doped chloride, bromide and iodide host lattices is summarized and discussed. The step from the well studied oxide and fluoride materials to the heavier halides can lead to dramatic changes in the upconversion behavior. This is mainly due to the lower vibrational energies which reduce the efficiency of multiphonon relaxation processes. As a consequence, new upconversion, cross-relaxation and luminescence processes become competitive. The relevance of these new materials lies in their potential for upconversion laser and phosphor applications.  2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.


The effect on solid propellant MPD thruster behavior of different axial self-applied magnetic fields was investigated. The thrusters have coaxial electrodes with six radially-mounted propellant bars surrounding the cathode. The self-applied magnetic fields were respectively generated by a sixand a twelve-turn coil. Measurements included electrical characteristics, impulse bit (thrust stand), exhaust velocity (TOF Langmuir probe system), and ablated propellant mass per shot. Under constant current, higher self-applied magnetic fields lead to higher impedances, higher ablated mass, and higher impulse bit. However at constant energy per shot, the impulse bit gained by applying the magnetic field does not justify the energy lost to feed the coil.


An intelligent method of shifting cultivation to regenerate vegetation after a long fallow period is critical information for restoration strategies. The literature review identified that the assessment of woody plant species on abandoned farmland has never been done before in Kamwatta, Moruca Region 1. In addition, more information should be available in indigenous communities and at the national level, including more documentation of the utilization of natural resources by the Warrau community. This study assessed the valuable woody plant species that grew during the fallow periods. Nine farmlands were randomly selected along a 100 m transect, each with varying fallow periods. In order to collect information on the age of farm abandonment, the researcher employed a mixed-methods approach. First, we found how long each farm had been fallow by administering a semi-structured questionnaire. Then, we conducted a flora survey to gain information on the variety and abundance of valuable plants using the age of farm abandonment as a dependent variable. The data analysis included the number of valuable woody trees with a diameter of >10 cm, seedlings and saplings with a diameter of <10 cm, the location of identified trees, and the uses of identified tree species. Microsoft Excel was used to code and analyze the questionnaire, while QGIS, Shannon's Index of Diversity, and Simple Linear Regression were used to analyze the inventory data. The results showed that the respondents listed 38 valuable woody species, and 79% occurred in the studied area. The field verification revealed that the dominant family in the area was Mimosaceae.


A study was conducted to compare dynamic lifting task with a simulated static lifting task. 17 subjects 12 males and 5 females volunteered to participate in this study. The independent variables were the type of task (static and dynamic), frequency of lift (2, 4, and 6 lifts/min), and muscle group (back lift, leg lift, and arm lift). The psychophysical methodology was used in this study. The results showed highly significant differences between maximum acceptable static effort (MASE) and maximum acceptable dynamic effort (MADE) for both males and females. The frequency was also statistically significant. The muscle groups were significant for females and not significant for males. On the average MADE values were 45% of those of MASE values for females and 38% for males. The ratio of female to male data, on the average, were 39% for MASE values and 44% for MADE values. Regression models for the prediction of maximum of MADE from MASE and other task and worker variables were developed.


Rationalization of the synthetic conditions allowed the predictable fast sustainable preparation of [La2(H3nmp)2(H2O)4]·4.5H2O having a 1D coordination polymer. The material exhibits a remarkable chemical stability, can be converted into other layered compounds, and is an excellent catalyst surpassing other related materials.


Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of one staged surgical treatment of spinal tuberculosis by debridement with bone fusion and internal fixation.Methods: The clinical results of 36 cases of spinal tuberculosis from May 2003~June 2007 were analyzed retrospectively.There were 20 males and 16 females.Their ages ranged from 9 to 72 years old,averaging 36.6 years old.They included 2 cases of cervical vertebra tuberculosis,11 cases of thoracal vertebra tuberculosis,16 cases of thoracolumbar vertebra tuberculosis,6 cases of lumbar tuberculosis and 1 case of sacral vertebra tuberculosis.Among them,8 cases involved in one vertebra,17 cases involved in two vertebrae,9 cases involved in three vertebrae and 2 cases are adjunction vertebrae tuberculosis.All cases were accompanied with different kinds of paraspinal abscesses,8 cases were accompanied with soft-tissue abscesses and 16 cases were accompanied with incomplete paralysis.Before operation,all cases were given antituberculosis drugs for more than 2 weeks.1 case of the total underwent anterior debridement,posterior bone fusion and fixation,18 cases underwent anterior debridement,bone fusion and fixation,8 cases underwent anterior debridement,bone fusion and posterior fixation,6 cases underwent anterior debridement,bone fusion,both anterior and posterior fixation,3 cases underwent posterior debridement,intervertebral bone fusion and fixation.After operation,all cases were given antituberculosis drugs for more than 12 months and their clinical outcome were reviewed retrospectively.Result: 32 cases of the total obtained 6 to 48 month's follow-up(averaging 13.6 months),the chest-back pain,lumbar-leg pain and tuberculosis symptoms relieved.Among 16 patients with incomplete paraplegia,15 were completely recovered and 1 was partly recovered.2 patients had their incision healed by second intention,sinus formation was found in one patient 3 months postoperation,through local debridement and change bandage,it healed.No recurrence of spinal tuberculosis and later complications was noted in any patient during follow-up period.Spinal solid fusion at the interface between the graft and adjacent vertebra was shown radiologically in 6 months on the average,residual kyphosis was 4°on the average.Conclusion: Based on the segment and range of spine involved,weather the vertebral canal involved or not,we could select correct approach to operate.And one staged surgical treatment of spinal tuberculosis by debridement with bone fusion and internal fixation can debride focus of infection completely and reconstruct spinal stability simultaneously,and could obtain satisfactory clinical outcome.


According to Western tradition, war is typically consummated with the exchange of violence. Yet, there are many nonviolent tools available to governments that when applied in the proper proportions...


Abstract Rubber Micelles or Macromolecules The idea of Pummerer that the parent molecule of rubber is [C5C8]8 is based upon molecular weight determinations carried out by him and his colleagues upon rubber in menthol and above all upon isorubber nitrone. This latter product, which has been prepared by Alessandri and again by Bruni and Geiger by the action of nitrosobenzene on rubber has, according to Pummerer and Gundel, the constitution [C5H6,C6H5NO]8. On this subject the authors say that: We made cryoscopic molecular weight determinations of isorubber nitrone iii benzene and nitrobenzene. Even in these generally used solvents the nitrone gives depressions which indicate a molecular weight lying between 1200 and 1400. For a parent rubber molecule of 8 isoprenes which reacts with 8 molecules of nitrosobenzene with a splitting off of 16 atoms of water, a weight of 1384 is calculated, agreeing very well with the above. As is the case with determinations of rubber in menthol, here the final measurements can ...


Confectionery is an important component in the diet of consumers and is one of the favorite products that are in ever-increasing demand from all walks of life. The main significant disadvantage of confectionery is their low physiological value - they are virtually devoid of such important biologically active substances as vitamins, dietary fiber, minerals and others. Candy is a complex, multi-component product and among all confectionery products stand out for the variety of composition, technology and range of finished products. One of the ways to improve the quality of food is the use of new non-traditional types of plant raw materials that contain a balanced complex of proteins, lipids, minerals, vitamins and have high nutritional, taste and therapeutic properties. Dissemination of the range of healthy products is a priority in the food industry of Ukraine.The research presented in the article is aimed at improving the consumer properties and increasing the nutritional value of sweets in order to improve the diet of the population. The new sweets include: green buckwheat, dates, dried cranberries, cocoa butter, coconut flakes, honey, peanuts, nutmeg, cinnamon, black pepper, waffle crumbs (for decoration). The main recipe component is the kernel of green buckwheat, germinated and dried by a special technology that allows you to save all the nutrients and trace elements. The optimal recipe composition and technology of production of new types of candies are established. The quantitative ratio of cinnamon, nutmeg and black pepper in the recipe of buckwheat candies is experimentally established and the regression equation organoleptic evaluation. It is noted that the combination of the proposed ingredients provides a balanced composition of the confectionery product, as well as the absence of chemical components in the finished product. Such sweets are recommended for people who lead a healthy lifestyle, play sports, control their weight and anyone who wants to strengthen the immune system


This paper presents various considerations for substrate doping optimization in SOI T-RAM technology. Back gate (substrate voltage) control is used in an SOI T-RAM technology for optimizing cell characteristics. However, it is reported for the first time that typical low-doped substrates used in SOI logic technologies can create unusually slow transient effects in T-RAM cell. It is also demonstrated that the optimization of substrate doping resolves this slow transient problem and improves back gate control of SOI T-RAM memory arrays.


An elastic circular membrane of uniform density and thickness and subjected to a constant pressure difference is studied theoretically and experimentally. Two solutions of the deformation of an elastic circular membrane and their comparisons with the numerical values of the measured deformations of a surgical rubber glove membrane. The first solution is an analogical calculations using the geometry of soap bubbles, and the second one is the analytical solution of the differential equation of the elastic deformation in the approximation of constant elastic modulus. Both solutions predict a spherical shape which is confirmed by the experimental data. Comparisons with the solution of a deformed plate and with the paraboloidal shape desirable for solar mirrors are also included.


INTRODUCTION
Pheochromocytoma in pregnancy is an extremely rare condition with prevalence of 1 in 54 000 pregnancies. It is also extremely difficult to handle, as when treated improperly, it poses a great risk to both the mother and the fetus. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for keeping both of the patients safe, but its recognition can become a challenge, as the main symptoms are not specific, with sustained or paroxysmal hypertension being the most prominent one.

CASES PRESENTATION
In this paper, we report two cases of pheochromocytoma in pregnancy. The first is a 29-year-old woman with recently diagnosed MEN2A syndrome whose tests revealed bilateral pheochromocytomas of the adrenal glands and medullary thyroid cancer. She did not consent to surgery during pregnancy and was treated conservatively during that time. Due to risk of hypertensive crisis, cesarean section was performed in the 33rd week of pregnancy. The procedure was successful, after which the patient underwent adrenalectomy and thyroidectomy. The second case is a 29-year-old woman with history of MEN2A syndrome, whose pregnancy was discovered during preparation for adrenalectomy due to pheochromocytoma. She was treated with transabdominal adrenalectomy in the 21st week of pregnancy. The subsequent childbirth was uneventful.

CONCLUSIONS
Due to extreme rarity of pheochromocytoma in pregnancy, its impact on the mother and the fetus remains poorly understood. Official guidelines for treatment are not established, which, combined with the complex nature of the disease itself, demands a multidisciplinary and individualized approach.


various affected agencies. Repetitions of party positions contrast with the scarce information on interest groups—the army, landholders' associations, re gional development corporations, peasant groups,


Dreaming happens during sleep. When we aren't interacting with the world, our minds turn inwards. We dream. These dreams differ. Rapid eye movement (REM) dreams are visual, vivid, bizarre, emotional, and highly associative with embodied narratives, whereas non-rapid eye movement (NREM) dreams tend to be shorter and more thought-like. During REM dreams, the brain is as active, or even more active, than it is during wakefulness. In some dreams, during REM sleep, the dreamer is lucid—they become aware they are dreaming and can, sometimes control the dream content. These different types of dream happen at different times in the sleep cycle. Across the night, we experience NREM sleep (including light sleep and deep sleep) and REM sleep in a fixed sequence. The night isn't a uniform period of rest. This introductory chapter explains these basic issues about sleep and dreams.


The impact of solder-joint tilting on the reliability of high-power LEDs soldered on PCBs is investigated by means of FEM simulations correlated with thermal cycling experiments. A non-uniform solder joint stand-off height is implemented into the FEM and, using crack propagation modelling approach, the number of cycles to complete fracture are predicted.


The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an especially designed small-stepped treatment program utilizing the Apple II microcomputer on the graphic output of eight chronically aphasic adults. The subjects manifested moderate/severe to severe connnunicativeimpairment as determined by performance on the Aphasic Language Performance Scales (ALPS) (Keenan and Brassell, 1974) and were rece~ving management at the Communicative Disorders Clinic at the University of Central Florida. Pretreatment status of each subject was measured via a visual and hearing screening. In addition, the Aphasia Language Performance Scales were administered as an indicant of overall communicative ability. Spelling proficiency was measured via a written spelling test. Each subject then initiated a ten-session (one-half hour twice weekly) treatment program. Treatment objective progressed in increasingly complex small steps from prelinguistic (lettermatching) through linguistic (spelling single words) levels. The Apple II microcomputer was utilized in the areas of stimulus presentation, response contingency, and data keeping. Subsequent to the completion of the treatment condition, the Aphasia Languq.ge Performance Scales (Keenan and Brassell, 1974) and the written spelling test were readministered to each subject. Pretreatment and post-treatment scores were subjected to statistic analysis. Findings indicated a significant correlation between pretreatment scores on the Aphasia Language Performance Scales (Keenan and Brassell, 1974) and changes in spelling proficiency. No significant changes were noted in pretreatment and post-treatment scores on the Aphasia Language Performance Scales (Keenan and Brassell, 1974). Significant changes were observed in pretreatment and post-treatment written spelling test scores with evidence that skills learned on the computer keyboard transferred to manual writing. The implications of the results of this study were discussed within the framework of future treatment and research in the area of aphasia.


Wind farms will need to continue to provide voltage and frequency stability to the grid even during periods of disturbance or faults. Particular attention has been paid to the maintenance of production under disturbed conditions (fault ride-through capability LVRT) and grid support capability. The maintenance of the production in disturbed regime is possible by the design and the dimensioning of controllers able to maintain the connection to the grid and that in the presence of network defects. Control of reactive energy in the grid using flexible alternative current transmission systems (FACTs) can improve the transient and permanent stability of the later. This paper deals with the behavior of a double-fed induction generator (DFIG) under asymmetric voltage faults. A static compensator (STATCOM) is connected to the common coupling point (PCC) and serves as a reactive support to regulate the mains voltage and keep the DFIG connected. The different converters used in this paper are controlled by the oriented voltage control strategy (VOC) decomposed in positive and negative sequences. Simulation results under MATLAB/SIMULINK environment are introduced to show the validity and efficiency of the control strategy.


Dynamic spectrum allocation provides a promising way out of the underutilization of many licensed frequency bands.However original graph-coloring algorithm is thoughtless for the cognitive user's demand,which results in excessive allocation of resource to users with less demand and wastes spectrum resource.To solve the problem,a demand-based spectrum allocation algorithm is proposed,to match between channel and user's demand.The performance simulation demonstrates that compared with the original algorithm,the proposed algorithm can better satisfy demand in the network.


In August 1939, MO asked its volunteer Observers 'to begin keeping day-to-day personal diaries of everything that happened to them, the conversations they heard and took part in, their general routine of life, and the impact of the war on it'. More than 450 individual diarists wrote for MO during the war. Each diarist had to work out their own way of 'observing', and to create a comfortable authorial voice expressing their very varied personal concerns and experiences. Common themes included: outbreak of war; evacuation of children; the blackout; the call-up for compulsory service; and what was thought of as 'morale'. The diaries show keen minds struggling hard to make sense of the unfolding war news, striving to understand the deeper currents of history and future possibilities in international affairs. Other themes concerned the home front: the wartime difficulties around food and transport; attitudes to class, and the arrival of American troops; and the hopes and fears for post-war reconstruction. This article reflects on its authors' considerable experience of selecting and preparing MO diaries for publication. Editors play a prominent role in the presentation of modern life history. This involves technical and/or literary judgments (about the length and quality of texts, the provision of supplementary material), in relation to the requirements of particular publishing formats (commercial or scholarly). It also involves ethical questions. MO diaries, once submitted, could not be revised; their authors were promised anonymity. Hence publication often requires the consent of the diarists (though few are still alive) or their heirs; and measures are sometimes required to protect the identities of people mentioned.


The article reviews current scholarship and debates on state capitalism as well as studies of this phenomenon in Russia.Aim. This article aims to review current scholarly debates on state intervention in the Russian economy and identify key positions in this field.Tasks. In the first part of the article, we reveal the history of the concept of 'state capitalism' and review debates on the 'new state capitalism', its developmentalist, political, social and other interpretations.Methods. This article compares scholars' positions and identifies divisions in the field.Results. In the first part of the article, we demonstrate that the concept of 'state capitalism' has been discussed in the Marxist tradition since the late 19th century. However, the crisis of 2008-2009 marked the renewal of mainstream interest in this phenomenon. There are several interpretations of state capitalism. Industrial policy view treats state capitalism as a way of stimulating economic growth and technological development. Social policy view considers it to be an instrument of solving social problems, such as unemployment and high prices on certain goods and services. Political view envisions state capitalism as a vehicle for rent-seeking and patronage. Geopolitical view treats it as an instrument of foreign policy and the defense of national sovereignty. State capitalism is also seen as a vehicle for financialization and globalization. State capitalism is studied both on the microlevel of specific industries, regions and projects, and on the macrolevel of the national economies.Conclusion. Current debates on state capitalism comprise a dynamic, multidisciplinary research field. Within this field, the Russian case should be investigated in the comparative perspective.


The authors have reported a rectangular patch microstrip antenna printed on a parallelepiped dielectric chip for the Bluetooth system at 2400-2483.5 MHz (Taguchi, M. et al., Proc. 2002 Interim Int. Symp. Antennas and Propag., vol.2A2-2, 2002). This antenna is excited by a monopole antenna printed on the sidewall of the dielectric chip. The relative permittivity of the chip is 37. The antenna is compact. This type of antenna is now analyzed, numerically and experimentally, for the wireless LAN application at 5.2 GHz. The dielectric chip is 8 mm by 6 mm by 2 mm and is located on a lower dielectric substrate of 20 mm by 48 mm. This antenna is electromagnetically coupled and excited by three monopole antennas, composed of through holes within the chip, connected to a microstrip line on the lower substrate. In the numerical analysis, the electromagnetic simulator "Fidelity" based on the FDTD method is used.


Domain Specific Modeling Languages (DSML) significantly improve productivity in designing Computer Based System (CBS), by enabling them to be modeled at higher levels of abstraction. It is common for large and complex systems with distributed teams, to use DSMLs, to express and communicate designs of such systems uniformly, using a common language. DSMLs enable domain experts, with no or minimal software development background, to model solutions, using the language and terminologies used in their respective domains. Although, there are already a number of DSMLs available for modeling CBSs, their need is felt strongly across multiple domains, which still are not well supported with DSMLs. Developing a new DSML, however, is non trivial, as it requires (a) significant knowledge about the domain for which the DSML needs to be developed, as well as (b) skills to create new languages. In the current practice, DSMLs are developed by experts, who have substantial understanding of the domain of interest and strong background in computer science. One of the many challenges in the development of DSMLs, is the collection of domain knowledge and its utilization, based on which the abstract syntax, the backbone of the DSML is defined. There is a clear gap in the current state of art and practice, with respect to overcoming this challenge. We propose a methodology, which makes it easier for people with different backgrounds such as domain experts, solution architects, to contribute towards defining the abstract syntax of the DSML. The methodology outlines a set of steps to systematically capture knowledge about the domain of interest, and use that to arrive at the abstract syntax of the DSML. The key contribution of our work is in abstracting a CBS from a domain into a Domain Specific Machine, embodied in domain specific concepts. The methodology outlines, how the Domain Specific Machine, when coupled with guidelines from current practices of developing DSMLs, results in the definition of the abstract syntax of the intended DSML. We discuss our methodology in detail, in this paper.


A model experiment was conducted to investigate the dynamic behavior of a liquid sheet under an electric field applied parallel to the flow direction. It was confirmed that the liquid sheet was changed into columns when the applied voltage exceeded a certain critical value. Then a model analysis based on a linear stability theory was carried out to predict the critical applied voltage and it was shown that the analytical results were in good agreemnt with the measured values. Further, based on the above-mentioned model describing the dynamic behavior of the liquid sheet, an analytical model predictiong the EHD effect on condensation heat transfer for a finned tube was presented. It was shown that the predicted results were in good agreement with the experimental data on the flooding angle and condensation heat transfer coefficient for a finned tube under electric fields.


To verify the effect on erectile tissue of mice of two neuropeptides extracted from the poison of a spider, Phoneutria nigriventer, (Tx2‐5 and ‐6, termed 'eretina') after direct injection into the corpus cavernosum, to assess the minimum dosage necessary for effect, the time for initiation of action, the local duration of the erection, histological effects and the presence of local and systemic side‐effects.


Objective To know the situation and the relevant factors of hypertension of children in Shandong and to provide evidence for preventing child hypertension. Methods Stratified random cluster sampling method was used to extract 6 895students aged 7~17years to measure the blood pressure and its relative indicators.SPSS 13.0software was used for data analysis. Results The mean systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure both increased with ages;the boys was higher than girls(P0.001).The prevalence rate of child hypertension was 23.0%according to the blood pressure standard of Chinese children,and boys was higher than girls;the cities was higher than rural areas;children aged 13~17 years was higher than those of 7~12years;children of overweight,obesity and abdominal obesity was higher than normal ones(P0.001).Partial correlation analysis showed blood pressure was positively correlated with body height,body weight,bust,waist circumference,skinfold thickness,waist to height ratio,body mass index,heart rate and vital capacity(P 0.05),and was negatively correlated with vital capacity weight index(P0.01).The correlation coefficient between blood pressure and body weight was the largest.Compared to children with normal blood pressure,the children of hypertension were taller and fatter,but with weaker lung functions. Conclusions Overweight,obesity and abdominal obesity are important risk factors of child hypertension.


In the Cu Ni Pt deposit of the basic ultrabasic rock type of the Danba area, there exist various minerals with platinum group element. The deposit can be divided into three metallogenic epoches and four metallizing phases by studying the characteristics of the ore texture and ore structure under a microscope. The platinoid minerals formed in the basic ultrabasic magmatic activity stage. The paper also discusses the succession that minerals formed.


To his article in ECONOMICA for February, I939, entitled "The Equation of Exchange: A Suggestion," Professor L. M. Fraser has been kind enough to append a courteous note in which he deals at some length with some earlier work of mine in a corner of the field of monetary theory that has been tilled by comparatively few workers of this generation. Limitations of space forbid my dealing with all the points that he raises in his note, to say nothing of dealing with all those which he raises in the body of his article. What follows deals only with a single point raised by Professor Fraser namely, the relation between the concepts of a " rate of sale " and of a " velocity of circulation of goods ", respectively. It is gratifying to observe that Professor Fraser accepts as a methodological principle the contention that the essence of an " analytical " approach to the problem of the " demand for and value of money " is that it undertakes to break down broadly inclusive elements, such as the Fisherine T, into components (such as the " amount" of the goods sold for money, on the one hand, and their "rate of turnover " on the other) which are subject to different controlling forces (p. 73 of his article). It was for this reason that I undertook to break down even my "velocity of circulation of goods ", which covers a much narrower range of phenomena than Professor Fraser's U, into two f-urther components namely, (i) the " number of middlemen's sales ", and (z) what I called the " rate of sale." According to Professor Fraser, on the other hand, the claim of the " rate of sale " to be "an independent constituent of velocity of circulation seems ", upon closer examination, to "vanish". I fear, however, that Professor Fraser's conclusion is based upon


Pressure gain combustion (PGC) has been the object of scientific study for over a century due to its promise of improved thermodynamic efficiency. In many recent application concepts PGC is utilized as a component in an otherwise continuous, normally steady flow system, such as a gas turbine or ram jet engine. However, PGC is inherently unsteady. Failure to account for the effects of this periodic unsteadiness can lead to misunderstanding and errors in performance calculations. This paper seeks to provide some clarity by presenting a consistent method of thermodynamic cycle analysis for a device utilizing PGC technology. The incorporation of the unsteady PGC process into the conservation equations for a continuous flow device is presented. Most importantly, the appropriate method for computing the conservation of momentum is presented. It will be shown that proper, consistent analysis of cyclic conservation principles produces representative performance predictions. Introduction Pressure gain combustion (PGC) refers to a process whereby there is a rise in the averaged total pressure across the device in which the combustion is taking place. Typically, the device has fixed volume (i.e., no pistons). The pressure rise is in contrast to the more typical pressure loss associated with conventional, steady combustion utilized in aircraft propulsion and electric power generation systems. The pressure rise can be used with a nozzle to produce increased thrust in a ram propulsion application, or to provide increased availability to the downstream turbine in a gas turbine application. This enhanced performance potential of PGC over conventional combustion has been the impetus for many experimental and analytical investigations in the aerospace community over at least the past decade (Refs. 1 to 16). Pressure gain combustion may be achieved with detonative or deflagrative chemical reactions. In either case however, the complete PGC process is periodic (i.e., pulsed), and therefore fundamentally unsteady. Referring to Figure 1, the working fluid within a given chamber undergoes a cyclic process that roughly consists of three phases: 1) chamber filling; 2) rapid, confined combustion or chemical heat release; 3) chamber exhaust or blowdown. The combustion chambers, of which many are usually envisioned to comprise a full combustor unit, may be fixed or rotating. The combustion chambers are typically valved at one or both ends. Valves may be of the aero (i.e., fluidic) or mechanical variety. In a propulsion or power system, PGC devices may be coupled to continuous flow, normally steady components such as a turbines and nozzles. When analyzing the potential performance of such systems, particularly at the fundamental (i.e., preliminary) level, this coupling of seemingly disparate operational modes can lead to confusion. However, careful observance, integration and application of traditional control volume and control mass thermodynamic cycle equations can provide representative performance estimates. This paper outlines a methodology for doing so. A relatively simple mathematical model for the PGC device is presented. The appropriate integrals for assessing periodic mass, momentum, and energy flux are derived, and the implications and interpretations of their forms are discussed.


Background: Needle stick injuries are serious occupational hazards in the transmission of a variety of bloodborne diseases, more than twenty pathogens can be transmitted through NSI including hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus (AIDS) among healthcare workers.
Objectives: Assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of health care workers towards needle stick injuries. Determine the prevalence of needle stick injuries among healthcare workers and its predisposing factors.
 Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study, a convenient sample of 260 health care workers was selected from Baghdad Teaching hospital and Ghazy Al Hariri hospital in Baghdad, Iraq. Data were collected by an anonymous questionnaire from January to June 2020. The collected data were analyzed by using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS version 23).
Results Prevalence of NSIs among HCWs was found to be 53.8%, which was higher in nurses (29.3%) and laboratory technicians (28.5%) followed by surgeon doctors (15.7%), assistant surgeons (13.6%) and dentists (12.9%) .The highest number of needle stick injuries occurred by recapping of needles (41.4%) followed by during drug administration (27.9%), from hand to hand  (10.7%) and during blood drawing (7.9%). A proportion of (64.5%) of  health care workers whom sustained needle stick injury had reported their Injury. Doctors scored better than others regarding mean scores of knowledge, attitude and practice. There was a highly significant association among knowledge, attitude and practice scores of the HCWs (P<0.001). A considerable percentage of the participants (80.2%) were completely immunized against HBV.
Conclusions: The study showed a high prevalence of NSIs among health care workers. The score of knowledge was high, moreover acceptable responses were obtained in most attitude and practice statements, except for recapping of needles statements.


A parallel Hough transform algorithm on linear array with reconfigurable pipeline bus system (LARPBS) is presented.Utilizing the strong communication and computation ability of LARPBS,the algorithm can contract and count the foreground pixels on each line.Suppose the number of θ values considered is m,the algorithm can complete Hough transform for an image with n×n pixels in O(1) time using mn2 processors and get optimal speed and efficiency.We also illustrate how to partition and perform the algorithm on a LARPBS with less than mn2 processors,thus show the algorithm is highly scalable.


Fernandez of Kapahulu as the winners of its EXTREME Xeriscape Garden Makeover Contest. The announcement was made today at a yard breaking ceremony at the family's home on Hoolulu Street. The Fernandez family was selected out of hundreds of applicants to win a $20,000 garden makeover using the principles of xeriscaping, which helps to conserve water through efficient landscaping. The garden makeover is expected to take about a month to complete. "This contest highlights how Oahu homeowners can preserve our water supply by using water more efficiently in their landscaping," said Mayor Mufi Hannemann. "Taking simple steps like these help to make "My husband and I are so excited to get unthirsty plants that are native to Hawaii," said Cyndie Fernandez. "I never knew so many flowers were considered unthirsty. It makes us very happy knowing we get to have beautiful garden that uses less water. " Steve's Gardening Service, one of the contest's key sponsors and the landscape architect doing the installation and design, will use xeriscape concepts in the Fernandez family's garden to take advantage of natural climate conditions and to make efficient use of irrigation. Some of the principles include growing plants that don't need a lot of water to survive, using mulch, and installing proper irrigation. "Incorporating xeriscape techniques not only helps to conserve water, but it also saves consumers money on their water bills," said BWS Chairman Randall Chung. "We estimate using xeriscaping


'Achieving a Balance': Achieving a Balance and visiting doctors: some unanswered questions. Parimala Moodley and Ricardo Araya (C) 636-637. A. C. P. Sims, Dean (C) 637-638 Administradon systems: Patient administration systems. Michael Gopfert (C) 381 A......ions: Compulsory admission to mental hospital in Thailand and England: a visitor's view. P. Kupituksa et al. 355-357 The working of the 1983 Mental Health Act: the experience of patients, relatives, psychiatrists, general practitioners and social workers involved in compulsory admissions. Lynne Webster and Christine Dean 477479 'Why admit to a bed?' Denis O'Leary (C) 638. P. G. Wells (C) 638-640 Adolescence: Admission decisions in an adolescent unit. Peter Bruggen (C) 384 Confidential 'phone-in' for teenagers. Alexander Burnfield 615-616 Substance misuse from adolescence to adulthood: service issues. Harith Swadi and Harry Zeitlin 545-546 Who cares for the older adolescent? E. L. Watts et al. 345-346 'Why admit to a bed?' Denis O'Leary (C) 638. P. G. Wells (C) 638-640 Why admit to a bed? Disposal of 1,000 referrals to a regional adolescent service. P. G. Wells 342-344 Advisory Appointments Committees: A statement on attendance of Health Authority Officers at Consultants' Advisory Appointments Committees. J. L. T. Birley, President 104 Assessors' reports on Advisory Appointments Committees: changes since 1974. Peter Brook 16-19 Affective disorders: Bipolar affective disorder and child psychiatry. Peter Hindley (C) 38-39 see also Depression Africa: see Algeria: East Africa and Nigeria Algeria: Psychiatry in Algeria. Ihsan AI-Issa 240-245 Appeals: British Association of Psychotherapists 109 Appointments: Brown, L. M. Consultancy 270 EI-Hadi, A. Consultancy 270 Hepplewhite, Ros. National directorship, MIND 448 Kingscote, A. D. Consultancy 270 Loizou, M. Consultancy 270 Nikopota, A. Consultancy 270 Prasad, Ashoka Jahnavi. Professorship 527 Thompson, Chris. Professorship 147 Wallace, Marjorie. Directorship SANE 527 Werner, J. M. Consultancy 270 Approval visits: Preparing for an approval visit. R. J. McClelland 98-100 Assessments: Assessment of forensic cases on remand. R. Lucas (C) 453-454 Psychiatric assessments of patients on remand. Michael Bond (C) 642 Training assessment visits. Dinesh Bhugra (C) 253 Assessors: Assessors' reports on Advisory Appointments Committees: changes since 1974. Peter Brook 16-19 Getting your papers published: or how to win editors and influence assessors. Herschel Prins 14-15 Associadon of University Teachers of Psychiatry: To all current and ex members. Alex Kellam 666 Asylum: Asylum: a new magazine. T. J. G. Kendall and F. A. Jenner (C) 571-572 Asylum, asylums and rehabilitation. Mounir Ekdawi (C) 640 Attica: Adventures in Attica a personal view of the VIIIth World Congress of Psychiatry. Elspeth Guthrie and Dawn Black 687-688 Auckland: A year in Auckland. A personal view. Darryl Watts 127-129 AudiotaPe reviews: Tranquillizer independence. T. L. Pilkington 221 Audits: Audit in psychiatry. Gillian Garden et al. 278-281 Medical audit. Rosalind Ramsay 505 Medical audit in psychiatry or fear and loathing on the White Paper trail. Christopher Holman 281-284 The Royal College ofPsychiatrists: preliminary report on medical audit. Working Party. Ann Gath. Registrar and Convenor 577-580 AustraHa: An Australian exchange. Judy Harrison 361362 Political psychiatric football. J. S. B. Lindsay (C) 703704 Training experience in Australia. Norman James (C) 708 Writer in residence in psychiatry. Philip Mitchell and Fiona Place (C) 202 Awards: Ayd, Frank J. Jr., Open Mind Award in Psychiatry 45 International Psychogeriatric Association log Schizophrenia Association ofGreat Britain 109


The invention provides hot pot seasoning sauce. The hot pot seasoning sauce comprises 20-80% of raw materials and 20-80% of water in percentage by mass. The raw materials comprise the following ingredients in part by weight: 10-20 parts of salt, 5-20 parts of flavor enhance, 2-5 parts of chicken meal, 1.1-3.0 parts of flavor nucleotides disodium, 1-5 parts of yeast flavor powder and 0.5-2.0 parts of microencapsulated flavor. Starch is not added in the seasoning sauce, and the flavor enhance, the yeast flavor powder, the flavor nucleotides disodium and the other raw materials cooperate to solve problems of dry mouth and pot pasting.


Smart homes will give the disabled an opportunity for independence that they may not have had before. This paper designs an smart home system that communicates with a mobile device such as a cell phone or PDA via Bluetooth. Their approach sends messages via Bluetooth using the available Bluetooth module on the nodes. This means no further hardware is required and additionally no further costs arise.


Four-dimensional ultrasonography is a technology that adds the temporal dimension (motion) to 3-dimensional imaging. Four-dimensional visualization of the fetal heart became a practical reality with the incorporation of spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) algorithms into commercially available equipments. STIC is a technique that allows acquisition of fetal heart volume and visualization of cardiac structures as a 4D cine sequence. In this technique, the array inside the transducer housing performs a single slow sweep, recording a single 3D dataset. STIC derives the heart rate from the periodicity of the movements of the cardiac structures, and eventually a single virtual cardiac cycle, each frame of which is the result of the overlay of many acquired frames, is reconstructed. This volume consists of a high number of 2D frames. The acquisition of high-quality volume datasets is crucial for the successful examination of the fetal heart by 4D US. Until recently, only gray scale volumes could be acquired with STIC. A new technological advance has added the possibility of incorporating color and power Doppler, B-flow and high-definition flow Doppler information into the volume dataset. Color and power Doppler have a slower frame rate compared with gray scale during scanning, which leads unavoidably to a reduction in image quality using color STIC when compared with gray scale STIC.


The processing technology formula and condition for mung-bean-sprout fleshy beverage were studied.The results showed that the mung-bean-sprout was selected for growth 4-5 d and sterilized under 95 ℃ for 4 min;the best formula of mung-bean-sprouts beverge was the amount of 0.09% citric acid,7% sucrose,20% of the amount of mung bean juice;0.09% compound stabilizer(CMC-Na and agar 1∶1),with 115 ℃ for 7 min sterilization.The taste of mung-bean-sprouts fleshy beverge is sweet,sour and fragrant.


(1) Le/( ?)Aucun type quei soni pere a frappe ti a pleure The/ No guy thati hisi father has beaten ti has cried (2) *Le/*Aucun type donti le pere ti li' a frappe a pleure The/No guy of-whomi the father ti himi has beaten has cried Both (1) and (2) are WCO violations, since in both cases the trace does not c-command the pronoun; yet (1) is fine but (2) isn't. Note that (2) would be acceptable with another co-indexing. Quite interestingly, this contrast does not depend on whether the head of the DP is a quantifier or not. It cannot be due either to the kind of relative pronoun used (dont vs que):


Simplified fan models are often used to simulate the effect of axial flow fans in large arrays of air-cooled condensers. The actuator disc method and its shortcomings are discussed and illustrated using computational fluid dynamics. A full 3-dimensional analysis of the fan is also performed at a single operating point to evaluate the flow conditions around the blade. This analysis confirms the results of the actuator disc method at the specific operating point. An adaptation of the actuator disc method, to improve its ability to model fan operation at low flow rates, is proposed. The effectiveness of the adaptation is evaluated by comparing the fan static pressure curve obtained from experimental results to the fan static pressure curve obtained from the simulations. The comparison shows that an analysis using the adapted actuator disc method produces results that correlate well with experimental values.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


The issue of translatability has always been in dispute in translatology. On the one hand, languages are translatable, which can be demonstrated from different perspectives such as the general characteristics of language, the parallel linguistic structures, the cultural similarities, and the sameness of the intelligence quotient of all human races. On the other hand, there exist a series of limits in translation which obstruct the translatability of languages. Thus language can be described as relatively translatable. Translators are supposed to provide hybrid versions so as to facilitate communication and decrease tension between source language text and target language text.


The EU enlargements of 2004 and 2007 that effectively increased migration from the EU's new member states to its old ones, or the EU-15, has prompted debate in several countries regarding policies aimed at countering worker migration. In response, we here investigate the controversy by focusing on Poles and Romanians as the figures of such migration, which in old member states has spurred xenophobic attitudes. Specifically, we examine how many Poles and Romanians actually migrated, to which countries, and the reasons behind their migration, as well as scrutinise the development of xenophobic attitudes toward Polish and Romanian immigrants and how such intolerance impacts national policies in old member states? In conclusion, we argue that the debate concerning migration within the EU not only exaggerates actual migration, but also promotes myths meant to protect national interests, thereby suggesting that policies aimed at countering worker migration require evidence-based research.


The culmination of the academic process gives emphasis to apply everything learned to the practice, because perform a musical production requires not only to know the theory or micking, editing and mixing, techniques. The ninety-nine percent of all songs, albums and audiovisual production depends on the judgment and excellent ear training. Talent is an essential requirement for get a high quality production, in the case of this project was necessary a thorough investigation and became a fan of "Metalcore". Because this musical genre does not have a long time in the music industry and techniques production are not fully defined, was an advantage for this project, leading to perform different techniques and methods in the micking techniques, mixing and mastering. This can become a reference and personal signature of the producer. The objectives, personal and academic were successfully achieved, since the advance, recording and progress in the musical production in the country of Metalcore genre, showing all the technical knowledge acquired in the academic process….


It is widely known that the lower bound for the algorithmic complexity of square matrix multiplication resorts to at least $n^2$ arithmetic operations. The justification builds upon the following reasoning: given that there are $2 n^2$ numbers in the input matrices, any algorithm necessarily must operate on each at least once. In this paper, we show that this is not necessarily the case for certain instances of the problem, for instance matrices with natural number entries. We present an algorithm performing a single multiplication and $(n - 1)$ sums, therefore using n arithmetic operations. The ingenuity of the approach relies on encoding the original $2n^2$ elements as two numbers of much greater magnitude. Thus, though processing each of the inputs at least once, it relies on a lower count of arithmetic operations. In the computational model used to analyze this problem, such encoding operation is not available, thus it is not clear this work affects the currently accepted complexity results for matrix multiplication, but the new algorithm complexity (when taking into account the encodings) is $3n^2 + 2n - 1$ operations. In addition, given the exponential increase in multiplication operands magnitude, its practical usage is constrained to certain instances of the problem. Nonetheless, this work presents a novel mathematically inspired algorithm while pointing towards an alternative research path, which opens the possibility of novel algorithms and a taxonomy of matrix multiplications and associated complexities.


The tonal paradigm of verbs in Tlatepuzco Chinantec counts as one of the most complex and opaque ever described, with five tone values distributed over twelve cells (distinguishing person/number and aspect) to yield c. 70 distinct paradigm types, with no consistent mapping between morphological form and morphosyntactic function. We suggest that useful generalizations will emerge only when we consider units of analysis larger than the individual inflected form, which we dub inflectional series. For Tlatepuzco Chinantec this means concatenating the three aspectual forms for each person/number value. The resulting units allow us to see structural relationships between the elements of the paradigm which were previously inaccessible.


A carriage for a mobile rack is provided to improve stability without deforming the carriage, and not to generate noise by rubbing against rails. The carriage includes a pair of punched portions(108) formed between a pair of rollers(105) and protruding inwardly from both lateral sides of a housing(110) at regular intervals, an anti-tumble bracket(112) vertically and movably inserted between the punched portions and having a pin(114) crossed at right angles with respect to a width direction of a through hole(112b) which is formed on an upper portion of the anti-tumble bracket, an escape preventing bracket(116) installed on a side wall of the housing by a screw(116a), and a pair of bearing support brackets(125) installed on both end portions of the housing.


As global competition intensifies, it is becoming necessary for organizations to establish strong intercultural relationships with a culturally diverse set of employees, interorganizational partners as well as customers. In order to manage these relationships effectively, organizations need a means to understand and improve global intercultural communications. The complexity of intercultural communications requires management to understand the nature of domains of global relationships and the level of complexity when attempting to communicate with multiple partners having unique national and organizational cultures. In this article, a decision process for developing effective intercultural communication strategies is developed, illustrating the steps necessary for managing a myriad of intercultural relationships. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


We prove distributional convergence for a family of random processes on Z, which we call cooperative motions. The model generalizes the "totally asymmetric hipster random walk" introduced in [1]. We present a novel approach based on connecting a temporal recurrence relation satisfied by the cumulative distribution functions of the process to the theory of finite difference schemes for Hamilton-Jacobi equations [8]. We also point out some surprising lattice effects that can persist in the distributional limit, and propose several generalizations and directions for future research.


Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common problem amongolder men and can have a signi fi cant impacton quality of life. BPH is a histologically diagnosed disease and is present in 8% of men aged 41 to 50, 40 to 50% of men aged 51 to 60, 70% of men aged 61 to 70, and more than 80% of men older than 80 years. The pathogenesis of BPH remains incompletely understood, but there are many known risk factors for developing this disease. These include race, family history of cancer, higher serum levels of testosterone and estradiol, alcohol consumption, prostatitis, and nonsteroidal anti-in-fl ammatory drug use. 1 – 5 The classic clinical presentation of BPH is the experience of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). These symptoms include frequency, nocturia, urgency, incontinence, slow or intermittent stream, straining, and terminal dribbling ( ► Table 1 ). These symptoms are experienced moderately to severely in 25% of men in their 50s, 33% of men in their 60s, and approximately 50% of men in their 80s. Like any other disease, the clinical evaluation for a man with suspected BPH begins with a thorough history and physical exam. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) index can be used to classify the severity of LUTS in patients. This consists of seven questions that assess the severity and frequency of different symptoms of BPH as well as a question asking the patient to rate how their quality of life is affected by these symptoms. 6


The goal of this thesis was analysis of quantum dots using screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with bismuth or antimony film. First experiments were targeted on analysis of metal ions, which are used in a quantum dots synthesis. Ions were analyzed individually and in mixtures with the use of beforementioned electrodes. After analysis of metal ions, we started an analysis of quantum dots, which were also analyzed individually and in mixtures. Appropriate quantum dots were afterwards used as an electroactive mark of secondary antibodies for an immunosensor construction for an AFP detection. This prepared conjugate was afterwards used for linking an immunocomplex of primary antibody antigen and by the electrochemical detection of metal ions released from dissolved quantum dots by an acid, the detection of the antigen in a sample was possible. Used detection method was an anodic stripping voltammetry. The goal of the metal ions and quantum dots analysis, and afterwards creating a whole immunosensor, was to find the most suitable type of an electrode for the detection of the final immunosensor consisting of primary anti-AFP antibodies (IgG), which are immobilized on magnetic particles, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as target analyt, and conjugate consisting of secondary anti-AFP antibodies (IgG) linked by quantum dots.


Thank you for downloading turkey and central and eastern european countries in transition towards membership of the eu. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite books like this turkey and central and eastern european countries in transition towards membership of the eu, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their laptop.


A data packet Switching node, for use in an asynchronous digital network, that has an input stage that cuts data packets into segments of constant length, a Switching matrix having input ports and output ports Supporting identical bit rates B Switching the segments and an output stage reconstructing the data packets from the segments Supplied by the output ports of said switching matrix. The input stage has at least one input interface with a bit rate equal to a multiple of B. ki B, and splits the data packet into ki input ports of the Switching matrix. The output stage has at least one output interface with a bit rate equal to a multiple of B. koB, and reconstructs a data packet with a bit rate equal to ko B by concatenating segments Supplied by ko output ports of the switching matrix where kikos 1.


Influence of wave climate modelling on the long-term prediction of wave induced responses of ship structures (C. Guedes Soares, M.F.S. Trovao). Ocean wave data analysis and ship dynamics (A.E. Mynett, J.A. Keuning). Some mathematical contributions to waves and ships (F. Ursell). Short-wave excitation of long waves in a basin (C.C. Mei). Time-domain analysis for predicting ship motions (R.F. Beck, A.R. Magee). First and second order forces on SWATH ships in waves (H.H. Chun, R.C. McGregor). Load, motion and structural response trials of the SWATH vessel "Frederick G. Creed" (N.G. Pegg et al.). The hull roughness problem (A.J. Musker). Applications of high-level, Green-Naghdi theory to fluid-flow problems (W.C. Webster, J.J. Shields). The evaluation of steady fluid forces on single and multiple bodies in low speed flows using viscous boundary elements (W.G. Price, Ming-yi Tan). Coupled bending and twisting vibrations of beam like structures (S. Miao, W.G. Price). Hydroelastic responses of a membrane structure in waves (Toichi Fukasawa). Two engineering approaches to hydroelastic analysis of slender ships (Yousheng Wu et al.). Currents and wave forces on ships and marine structures (J. Grue, E. Palm). Fourier-Koching representation of the flow due to a ship advancing in regular waves (F. Noblesse, D. Hendrix). Drift forces, moment and wave drift damping in multidirectional seas. A theoretical and experimental study (Jorgen R. Krokstad). Second order forces on a floating body: the effect of second order potential (R. Cazzulo et al.). Statistical properties of slow drift motion of a vessel moored in random seas (T. Kinoshita et al.). Low frequency damping: the development of its theoretical prediction (G.E. Hearn). Assessment of the validity of computer models for the prediction of dynamics of floating structures (G. van Oortmerssen). The verification and validation of numerical models, with examples taken from wave diffraction theory, wave loading and response (R.G. Standing). Prediction of non-linear wave-induced loads on ships (J. Juncher Jensen et al.). On the nonlinear motions of ships and structures in narrow band sea (A. Francescutto). Distribution of maxima of nonlinear ship rolling (J.L. Armand, C. Duthoit). Nonlinear oscillations and chaos at a SDOF-system under a regular wave packet (S. Kisliakov). Transient basins: a new tool for designing ships against capsize (J.M.T. Thompson).


Over the past few years, there has been an avalanche of new digital technologies in the business services sector, many of which proved to be disruptive. Business service centres (BSCs) even in innovative industries like information and communication technology (ICT) find it highly challenging to accommodate these changes. New technological solutions transform consumer needs, shape organizational processes, and alter the way employees cooperate in a computerized environment. These changes make it inevitable for companies to adjust their business models. In this paper, we present a case study of IT Services Hungary Ltd., a Hungarian based BSC in the ICT industry. We carried out semi-structured interviews with the CEO and four senior technology experts of the company to analyse digital transformation plans they initiated. We investigated and now reveal three projects through which they implemented cognitive automation, cloud computing, and advanced cybersecurity technologies. We also describe the general organizational, financial, employment, and motivational background of these projects at IT Services Hungary Ltd. With this paper, we aim to present transferable best practices and appealing management efforts to invest in an intelligent and digital future.


The pyrolysis of beech wood in the presence of acid catalyst such as FeCl3 was carried out at the temperatures of 400, 500 and 600°C. The effects of temperature and the catalyst on both product distribution and bio-oil composition were investigated. The compositions of the bio-oils obtained from the catalytic pyrolysis of wood sawdust were identified by GC-MS and 1 H-NMR analysis. The bio-oils produced from catalytic pyrolysis of wood contained a wide variety of oxygenated hydrocarbons. Aldehydes were found to be major compounds identified in bio-oils. The results of this study indicated that bio-oil obtained from beech wood sawdust can be used as chemical raw materials.


ZnS films are grown at 250 ℃ and 350℃ by pulsed laser deposition(PLD) on porous silicon(PS) substrates which are prepared by electrochemical anodization.X-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns show that ZnS films are grown in preferred orientation along-ZnS(111) direction.With higher growth temperature,the diffraction peak intensity of ZnS films is larger.Scanning electron microscope(SEM) images indicate that the surface of ZnS films grown at 250 ℃ is loose and unsmoothed which is attributed to the rough structure of PS substrate while the film surface becomes smooth and compact at 350 ℃ although some crystalline grains with apparent size appears.The photoluminescence(PL) spectra is measured at room temperature,the result shows that the self-activated luminescence of ZnS films grown at 350 ℃ is larger than that of 250 ℃,while the red light intensity of PS is lower than that of 250 ℃ along with the redshift of the peak position.Combining the blue,green emission from ZnS with the red emission from PS,a broad PL band in the visible region from 450 nm to 700 nm is obtained,and the ZnS/PS composites exhibit intense white light emission.


Introduction. The regional anesthesia by using the combination of the technical epidural and subarachnoidea achieves a quick start-up of the anesthetic blockade with the possibility to extend this one by means of the extradural encore of dose of local anesthetics through a peridural catheter. Methods. It was realized a descriptive, longitudinal investigation in a total of 100 patients ASA I and II programmed for elective surgery in "General Calixto Garcia" Hospital in the period April 2008–May 2009. Combined spinal epidural anesthesia was applied fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Results. There was a physiological descent in the systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure just as heart rate, being but marked at 5 minutes after the beginning of the procedure for after keep stable all parameters. The main immediate complications occurred was bradycardia (52 %) and low arterial blood pressure (11 %). The back pain was the mediate complication but frequently opposing (20 %). Conclusions. By considering the stable hemodynamic conduct and the low incidence of complications, we recommended for abdominal hysterectomy, the combined spinal epidural anesthesia as a good procedure of regional anesthesia.


In the process of unmatured modern management, the idea of quantification, externalism and efficiency existing in the modern management , has shown its developing superiority. Quantity management, however, is not the only pattern and in certain fields the uncertainty of management should also be stressed. Laying stress on the external sequence of Labour action and the exter nal embodyment of labour result, we will easily neglect our internal feelings wh ich are very important to us. Laying too much stress on effectiveness, we will n eglect the question of how to make the society possess the internal ower to deve lop smoothly and persistently.


Human umbilical vein endothelial cells attach and spread on laminin-coated substrates. Affinity chromatography was used to identify the attachment receptor. Fractionation of extracts from surfaceiodinated endothelial cells on human lamininSepharose yielded a heterodimeric complex, the subunits of which migrated with molecular sizes corresponding to 160/120 kD and 160/140 kD under nonreducing and reducing conditions, respectively. The purified receptor bound to laminin and slightly less to fibronectin and type IV collagen in a radioreceptor assay. This endothelial cell laminin receptor was classified as an t~zB, integrin because monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies directed against the ct2 and/3, subunits immunoprecipitated the receptor. Cytofluorometric analysis arid immunoprecipitation showed that the ix2 subunit is an abundant integrin ~t subunit in the endothelial cells and that the ot subunits associated with laminin binding in other types of cells are expressed in these cells only at low levels. The ,v~, integrin appears to be a major receptor for laminin in the endothelial cells, because an anti-ix2 monoclonal antibody inhibited the attachment of the endothelial cells to human laminin. These results define a new role for the o~2 subunit in laminin binding and suggest that the ligand specificity of the tx2/3t integrin, which is known as a collagen receptor in other types of cells, can be modulated by cell type-specific factors to include laminin binding. HESIVE properties of endothelial cells play an important role in the maintenance of the vessel wall integrity and in diseases such as thrombosis and arteriosclerosis (Gimbrone, 1986). On the luminal side these cells form a nonthrombogenic surface, whereas on the basal side they rest on a basement membrane to which they adhere. The endothelial basement membrane contains laminin, type IV collagen, type V collagen, and protcoglycans (Madri et al., 1980; Palotie et al., 1983; Fujiwara et al., 1984; Siebold et al., 1988; for review see T'tmpl, 1989). Many of these basement membrane components mediate endothelial cell adherence. Laminin, in particular is thought to be important in this regard (Form et al., 1986; Madri and Williams, 1983; Herbst et al., 1988). Various types of cells have been shown to have laminin receptors that arc members of the integrin family. Integrins are heterodimeric proteins that consist of an c~ and a subunit; each intcgrin is, therefore, defined by its subunits (Pytela et al., 1986; Buck and Horwitz, 1987; Hynes, 1987; Ruoslahti and Picrschbacher, 1987; Hemler et al., 1987; Takada et al., 1987). Intcgrins o~3B~ (Wayner and Carter, 1987; Takada et al., 1988; Gehlsen et al., 1988; Gehlsen et al., 1989) and ad3~ (Sonnenberg et al., 1988), as well as an integrin similar to o~,13t (Tomaselli et al., 1988; Ignatius and Reichardt, 1988) have each been implicated as laminin receptors. Endothelial cells are known to express the ~B,, O[3/~1, and ot~, integrins (Albelda et al., 1989; Conforti et al., 1989; Giltay et al., 1989). The as/~l integrin is a fibronectin receptor (Argraves et al., 1987); ot3~1 is known as a laminin, fibronectin, and collagen receptor (Wayner et al., 1988); while t~2B, has previously been identified as a collagen receptor in platelets and in other cells (Wayner and Carter, 1987; Kunicki et al., 1988; Staatz et al., 1989). In addition, endothelial cells also express the vitronectin receptor (o~v/33) (Suzuki et al., 1987; Cheresh, 1987). Endothelial cells attach to laminin through an integrin-mediated mechanism; that is suggested by the inhibition of endothelial cell attachment to laminin by an antibody directed against the/~ integrin subunit (Cheng, Y. E, C. Damsky, and R. H. Kramer, unpublished observations). However, endothelial cells have also been suggested to interact with laminin through a 69-kD protein (Yarmariello-Brown et al., 1988) that is not an integrin. To characterize the endothelial cell receptor for laminin, we have used affinity chromatography procedures similar to those applied to other types of cells (Pytela et al., 1985a,b; Gehlsen et al., 1988), as well as antibody probes. Our results show that the endothelial cells bind laminln through an integrin composed of or2 and/~. Since the a2B, integrin in other types of cells binds only to collagens, this finding reveals cell type-specific functional heterogeneity of the ot2/3, integrin. © The Rockefeller University Press, 0021-9525/89/11/2455/8 $2.00 The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 109, November 1989 2455-2462 2455 on F ebuary 1, 2013 jcb.rress.org D ow nladed fom Published November 1, 1989


Background—Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by energetic dysregulation caused by glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, and mitochondrial alterations. p53 and its downstream mitochondrial assembly protein, synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase 2 (SCO2), are important regulators of mitochondrial respiration, whereas the involvement in diabetic cardiomyopathy remains to be determined. Methods and Results—The role of p53 and SCO2 in energy metabolism was examined in both type I (streptozotocin [STZ] administration) and type II diabetic (db/db) mice. Cardiac expressions of p53 and SCO2 in 4-week STZ diabetic mice were upregulated (185% and 152% versus controls, respectively, P<0.01), with a marked decrease in cardiac performance. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption was increased (136% versus control, P<0.01) in parallel with augmentation of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) activity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-damaged myocytes and lipid accumulation were increased in association with membrane-localiza...


This work proposes a complete structure of an EEG biofeedback platform focused on an efficient way for its users to learn how to self-regulate their cortical activity and use it as an input for Brain-Computer interfaces. This platform was tested in 20 subjects that underwent 20 short sessions of training. Although the main focus of this study was to understand the positive effect this training has in short term memory and how EEG selfregulation can be achieved, in this work we analyze the results in the perspective of a Brain-Computer interface training tool. Therefore, besides introducing our protocol, we present the mental strategies subjects used to control their EEG, their improvements along training sessions and the delays related to this kind of interface. The positive results obtained by this training, along with the time delays necessary to voluntarily produce changes in the EEG made us consider the usefulness of this ability as input for a videogame. We briefly discuss how it is being used and why it may not be challenging or interesting for gamers and propose different uses of this additional mean of gameplay.


In order to study the magnetic and crystal structures in the Nd1−xSrxMnO3 system, we have peformed neutron diffraction measurements on melt-grown polycrystalline samples with 0.49 ≤ x ≤ 0.75. As a function of hole concentration x, the system shows systematic transformation of magnetic and crystal structures, which is consistently explained by the change of the character of Mn eg orbitals. With increasing x, the Nd1−xSrxMnO3 system exhibits a metallic ferromagnetic state, a metallic A-type AFM state, and then an insulating C-type AFM state. The CE-type chargeordered AFM state was observed only in the vicinity of x = 1/2, and it coexists with the A-type AFM state for x ∼ 1/2, indicating that the energy difference between these two states is extremely small. We also found that the MnO6 octahedra are apically compressed in the CE-type and A-type AFM states due to the d(3x − r)/d(3y − r) or d(x − y) orbital orderings, respectively, whereas they are apically elongated by the rod-type d(3z − r) orbital ordering in the C-type AFM state. In addition, a selective broadening of Bragg peaks was observed in the C-type AFM phase, and its x dependence strongly suggests the charge ordering for a commsurate value of the hole concentration at either x = 3 4 or x = 4 5 .


Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement was introduced for the total hip replacement component's fixation. Cement failure in total hip replacement whether in the short-term or long-term will be harmful to the patient's health and caused osteoarthritis, hip fractures, and dislocations. The purpose was to find the suitable cement mixtures for total hip replacement consists of Young's Modulus of 2240 MPa, 312.931 MPa, 33.939 MPa and 79.609 MPa which were taken from the previous research. The PMMA cement was used with three different types of proximal cemented techniques such as 40 mm cement reduction, 80 mm cement reduction and full cement (datum). The ANSYS Workbench 2020 R2 software was used to analyze the Charnley Hip Implant with Titanium Ti-6A1-4V (Ti-41) stem model using a Young's Modulus of 100,000 MPa and a Poisson's ratio of 0.3. The analysis was based on total deformation and Von Mises stress under different types of loading conditions such as standing, walking, stair climbing and falling. The results showed that all the hip implants were considered safe because their stress does not exceed the yield strength value of the material assigned which is 880 MPa. In conclusion, the 40 mm cement reduction with Young's Modulus of 2240 MPa obtained the most improved in terms of Von Mises stress and total deformation compared with the full cement (datum) and 80 mm cement reduction with Young's Modulus of 2240 MPa, 312.931 MPa, 33.939 MPa and 79.609 MPa.


The article examines the issues of agricultural production by the agrarians of the Russian Federation in the context of import substitution and their contribution to the formation of food independence in the region. The dynamics of agricultural production in such sectors as crop and livestock production has been analyzed. In recent years, thanks to new innovative technologies in crop production, there has been a positive trend towards an increase in gross harvest, as well as an increase in crop yields. So, in particular, for more than thirty years of the analyzed period of time, gross agricultural production increased by 6110.4 billion rubles, and in the sectors crop and livestock production there was an increase in production by 3276.8 billion rubles. and by 2833.8 billion rubles. These indicators were influenced by such innovative developments in crop production as binary crops, new varieties of agricultural crops, as well as a significant increase in the use of fertilizers on agricultural land.


We report the realization of a Pancharatnam-Berry phase optical element [Z. Bomzon, G. Biener, V. Kleiner, and E. Hasman, Opt. Lett. 27, 1141 (2002)], for wave front shaping working in the visible spectral domain, based on patterned liquid crystal technology. This device generates helical modes of visible light with the possibility of electro-optically switching between opposite helicities by controlling the handedness of the input circular polarization. By cascading this approach, fast switching among multiple wave front helicities can be achieved, with potential applications to multistate optical information encoding. The approach demonstrated here can be generalized to other polarization-controlled devices for wave front shaping, such as switchable lenses, beam splitters, and holographic elements.


- In this paper, we propose a generalization of the well-known regression analysis to fulfill supervised classification aiming to produce a learning model which best separates the class members of a labeled training set. The class boundaries are given by a separation surface which is represented by the level set of a model function. The separation boundary is defined by the respective equation. The model is represented by mathematical formulas and composed of an optimum set of expressions of a given superset. We show that this property gives human experts additional insight in the application domain. Furthermore, the representation in terms of mathematical formulas (e.g., the analytical model and its first and second derivative) adds additional value to the classifier and enables to answer questions, which other classifier approaches cannot. The symbolic representation of the models enables an interpretation by human experts.


Using the combination of ethanol precipitation and DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow chromatography, two forms of extracellular β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger in bean dregs broth, designated as BGL1 and BGL2, were purified with a recovery of 25% and 23%, respectively. By running SDS-PAGE, their molecular weights were determined to be 102kDa for BGL1 and 97kDa for BGL2. At pH 2.5 and 55 ℃, BGL activity for hydrolyzing geniposide reached maximum, and was activated by Na+ , but inhibited to varying degrees by Mg2+, Ba2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Zn2+and Hg+ at 10mmol/L. The inhibition of metal ions on BGL1 were stronger than that on BGL2. For all this, no significant effect of K+ on BGLs was observed. Ca2+ activated BGL1 significantly but had no impact on BGL2, while Fe3+ inhibited BGL1 but activated BGL2. Though p-nitrophenyl-d-glucopyranoside (pNPGlu) was the best substrate for BGL1 and BGL2 hydrolyzing pNPGlu, p-nitrophenyl-d-galactopyranoside, salicin and geniposide, the hydrolytic efficiencies of BGLs to geniposide were the highest. The Km values of BGLs to pNPGlu were 0.764mmol/L and 1.934mmol/L, and the Kcat/Km values of BGLs to geniposide were 4.28×104 and 1.04×105L/mol·s, respectively. BGL1 was highly stable over pH range of 2.0-7.0 at 20℃ , and exhibited a half-life of 10min at 55℃, while BGL2 showed a wider range of pH stability (from 2.0 to 8.5) and the activity retained approximately 60% of the original activity after incubation for 60min at 55℃.


Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are pivotal regulators for adipose tissue function, specifically contributing to the homeostasis of the adipose niche. Significantly increased ATMs and their altered activation patterns are causal factors to the pathogenesis of adipose tissue inflammation, and subsequently, obesity associated cardiovascular risks, type II diabetes and other metabolic syndromes. Macrophages primarily display an anti-inflammatory M2 status in lean adipose tissues whereas a proinflammatory M1 state in adipose tissues of obese individuals. Modulatory networks governing ATMs polarized activation have been investigated but the full picture remains vague. To understand the genome wide signaling networks in controlling ATM polarization, we generated transcriptome profiles from macrophages with various activation statusesM0, M1 and M2. Among 23400 aligned unique loci from the RNA-sequencing results, around 3500 displayed differential expression pattern during macrophage polarization. The most enriched Gene Ontology terms in the category of KEGG pathways are allograft rejection and Type I diabetes mellitus pathways in M1 macrophages. IFNg was found to be one of the top upstream regulator in M1 playing pivotal role in different functional pathways. In addition, the anti-inflammatory regulator miR-223 was found to be one of top upstream regulator in M2 datasets and playing role in important functional pathways.Understanding of the complex network of interactions among different factors involved in state of polarization of macrophages would be of great advantage in finding solutions to major health issues.


Introduction "P MRS studies of skeletal muscle in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD. in which the sarcolemmal protein dystrophin is absent) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD. in which dystrophin is abnormal in structure and/or reduced in content) have consistently shown abnormalities in pH and metabolite concentration ratios."' In l:wo and ,n IY~BO studies have shown abnormalities of ionic regulation and homeostasis. but alterations in bioenergetics in vwo have not been proven conclusively. The mdx mouse also lacks dystrophin and has been widely studied as a model of DMD.' Although it exhibits some of the pH and other metabolic markers of DMD. the mds mouse displays little pathophysiology. This may' be associated with the upregulation of utrophin. a protein closely related to dystrophin and concentrated at the neuromuscular Junction. A new mouse model, the 'double knockout' (dko). which lacks both of the sarcolemmal proteins dystrophin and utrophin has recently been developed.' It shows the progressive muscle vcastmg. cardiomyopathy and reduced life expectancy which characterise DMD. We have carried out "I' MRS studies on dko mouse muscle in order to assess its suitability as a model of the human disease. Here we present our initial findings of a comparison between mdx. dko and control mice.


Unusual root canal anatomy always poses a diagnostic and treatment challenge.Therefore a thorough knowledge of root canal anatomical variations along with proper diagnosis, treatment planning and clinical expertise is the key to their successful management. The C-shaped root canal configuration is one such aberrant canal anatomy, common in the mandibular second molar. It often goes undetected and due to the intricate root canal configuration, it is often difficult to negotiate, debride and obturate such canalsleading to failure of root canal treatment.
Case Reports: This article presents management of four different C-shape root canal configurations using the cold lateral condensation and thermoplasticized obturation techniques.
Conclusion: Understanding the anatomical presentations of this variation will enable the clinician to manage these cases effectively. Advanced irrigation and obturation techniques help in managing such anomalous canal configurations.

Keywords: Anatomic variation, Cshaped canal, Mandibular second molars, Endodontic treatment, Thermoplasticized obturation.


Over the past ten years, there has been continuing development of coupling agent technology and the utilisation of these materials in treating reinforcing fibres in composite manufacture. This paper reviews these developments and examines both the chemistry and the methods used in analysing the surfaces and interfaces of glass reinforced laminates, with special emphasis on how these areas affect the performance of printed circuit boards.


This paper presents a novel Omni-directional obstacle crossing robot with a combination of passive and active obstacle crossing mode which uses binocular cameras to detect obstacles. The Omni-directional movements can enhance the ability of the robot working in small space and improve the efficiency of steering. The combination of passive and active mode can not only guarantee the adaptability to complex terrain but also enhance the obstacle-crossing ability of the robot. This system was tested in simulation environment, and the last performance evaluation demonstrates the validity of the proposed obstacle crossing robot.


ABSTRACT Over the past decade, the islands of Bermuda have been exposed to an increasing influx of floating pelagic hydrocarbons ("tar balls"). Large quantities of the pelagic tar become stranded on the rocks in the intertidal zone. Tar coverage on the rocks is controlled by the slope of the shore, with the maximum amount accumulating on gently sloping or flat shores. The tar is deposited almost exclusively in the splash zone, and, therefore, the only animals directly affected by the attached tar are those who inhabit and/or feed in this zone. Chemical analyses show that the snails, Nodilittorina tuberculatus and Tectarius muricatus, which live in the splash zone, have the highest hydrocarbon content in body tissue of all animals analyzed. In contrast, all animals sampled from immediately adjacent tide pools contained no petrogenic hydrocarbons. The most abundant life in the intertidal zone is concentrated below this splash zone area of tar accumulation. With few exceptions, the animals from this zone hav...


Being an effective director is a learned, not innate, skill. Nor is it a static proposition. Standards for directors change over time, especially as we deliberate more about what directors should do and as we learn what happens when there are important things they don't do. Corporate directors of public companies represent a company's shareholders.1 Without honest, wise, and experienced directors, public investors wouldn't trust their funds to corporate managers. As shareholder representatives, directors are responsible for ensuring that their company governs its affairs to maximize shareholder value.2 Directors do not, and should not, manage the company; that authority is delegated to management.3 Rather, directors oversee management or direct,


While some linguists have recently claimed that interjections were merely treated marginally by traditional grammarians, we would argue that there has been in fact quite substantial discussion about this part of speech in traditional grammar writing of German and French. After taking a closer look at some traditional and recent theories, we note that there are in deed continuities in the way interjections are treated. In the second part of our contribution, we raise the question of the relationship between the interjection as a part of speech and the exclamative mode. We then analyse the use of some 'expressive' interjections in chat, including acronyms borrowed from English such as WTH and native 'inflectives' such as schluchz.


ABSTRACT Environmental, engineering and industrial modelling of natural features (e.g. trees) and man-made features (e.g. pipelines) requires some form of fitting of geometrical objects such as cylinders, which is commonly undertaken using a least-squares method that—in order to get optimal estimation—assumes normal Gaussian distribution. In the presence of outliers, however, this assumption is violated leading to a Gaussian mixture distribution. This study proposes a robust parameter estimation method, which is an improved and extended form of vector algebraic modelling. The proposed method employs expectation maximisation and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) to find cylindrical parameters in case of Gaussian mixture distribution. MLE computes the model parameters assuming that the distribution of model errors is a Gaussian mixture corresponding to inlier and outlier points. The parameters of the Gaussian mixture distribution and the membership functions of the inliers and outliers are computed using an expectation maximisation algorithm from the histogram of the model error distribution, and the initial guess values for the model parameters are obtained using total least squares. The method, illustrated by a practical example from a terrestrial laser scanning point cloud, is novel in that it is algebraic (i.e. provides a non-iterative solution to the global maximisation problem of the likelihood function), is practically useful for any type of error distribution model and is capable of separating points of interest and outliers.