This thesis describes a method enabling a prospecrive differential diagnosis to be made berween delayed puberty (DP) and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). The influence of androgen administration on the gonadal feedback sysrem of patients with delayed puberty was also studied. ... Zie: Summary


In 1986, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a series of guidelines for carrying out human health risk assessments. As part of the ongoing effort to develop guidance in areas not addressed by the 1986 guidelines, EPA's Risk Assessment Forum sponsored a series of meetings to consider issues relevant to developing the Agency's first Agency-wide guidelines for ecological risk assessment. The report summarizes the discussion and conclusions of seven information-gathering meetings held in the spring of 1990. Invited speakers and EPA staff addressed the scope and content of future ecological guidelines, the nature and diversity of ecological assessments, approaches to characterizing and quantifying uncertainty in ecological hazard and exposure assessments, and the potential use of population modeling for characterizing ecological risk. Relying in part upon the results of these discussions, EPA has embarked on a multiyear effort to develop ecological risk assessment guidelines that will foster consistency in the Agency's approach to evaluating not only the risks posed by conventional stresses such as toxic chemicals, but also other anthropogenic stresses such as habitat loss and global climate change.


This invention relates to boron-containing composi tions and processes for preparing the same. More par ticularly it relates to boron-containing compositions which are useful as additives in hydrocarbon oils and lubricants, especially lubricants intended for use in in ternal combustion engines, gear assemblies and power transmitting units. Oil-soluble boron-containing compositions, such as the boron-containing, acylated amines shown in U.S. Patent No. 3,087,936, have found use in lubricants as additives to impart oxidation-inhibiting, corrosion-inhibiting, and detergent properties. They are especially effective to re duce the tendency of lubricants to form sludge or varnish deposits when the lubricants are used in engines operated at alternatingly high and low temperatures. According ly, lubricants containing such additives are desirable for use in the crankcases of taxicabs, delivery trucks, police cruisers, and other automotive vehicles. The effective ness of the boron-containing additives is believed to be associated to a large extent with the presence of boron in their molecular structure. Hence, it is desirable to have processes whereby a large amount of boron can be in corporated into lubricant additives. In some instances it has been found that the boron containing substances are susceptible to decomposition under hydrolytic conditions, especially at high tempera tures. Such decomposition is usually accompanied by the formation of a volatile boron product which tends to escape from the lubricant at temperatures to which the lubricant is subject in service; or it may result in the formation of a crystalline, oil-insoluble boron-containing product which tends to separate from the lubricant. While the decomposition product is not harmful to the equipment being lubricated, the effectiveness of the lubri cant is diminished because of such loss of boron. Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide boron-containing compositions which are resistant to de composition, It is another object of this invention to provide novel compositions of matter. It is another object of this invention to provide com positions useful as additives in hydrocarbon oils and lubricants. It is further an object of this invention to provide a process for preparing boron-containing compositions. It is also an object of this invention to provide lubricat ing compositions. It is also an object of this invention to provide hydro carbon oil compositions. It is further an object of this invention to provide fuel compositions. These and other objects are attained in accordance with this invention by providing a composition comprising (A) a boron-containing product obtained by the reaction of a hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acid compound hav ing at least about 50 aliphatic carbon atoms in the hy drocarbon Substituent, at least about 0.5 equivalent of an alkylene amine, and at least about 0.1 equivalent of a boron reactant selected from the class consisting of boron acids, boron oxide, boron halides, ammonium salts of boron acids and esters of boron acids with monohydric alcohols and (B) from about 0.01 to about 3 moles, per 10


Microsoft PowerPoint is a very useful and popular software we use in instruction nowadays. As a tool to integrate different kinds of materials, many teachers become more and more dependent on it, but because PowerPoint can only present content page by page, the possibility for students to lose their track of class is very big. How to solve it? According to the authors'teaching experience, we try to put forward several strategies and suggestions to cope with this problem.


The winding up of the tasty food aircraft carrier of Chenchuanyue followed the failure of lots of big business firms, whose causes are because of shortage of domestic demand and of surplus products and mainly come from high risk of capital operation and enlargement of investment. Summarization of this experience of these enterprises helps capital operation and enlargement of other enterprises.


The spike tail paradise fish Pseudosphromenus cupanus (Cuvier), a hardy indigenous ornamental fish inhabiting a wide variety of inland aquatic ecosystems in India, can be bred easily in the aquarium tanks. As a typical anabantoid fish it exhibits bubble nest building and interesting breeding behaviour. The nest building behaviour shown by the male indicates its readiness to spawn and the process include leading-to-the-nest behaviour by males, scratching behaviour, mating behaviour including anabantoid embrace, and placing eggs into the bubble nest both by the males and females. The one male: one female ratio was found to be good ratio for successful breeding; on an average about 438 eggs were extruded by single female during complete spawning.


The utility model discloses a device for detecting the measure accuracy degree of an electric energy meter. The device comprises a three-phase multifunctional standard meter, a program-controlled three-phase power source and an electric energy meter to be detected, wherein the electric energy meter to be detected and the three-phase multifunctional standard meter are connected with the program-controlled three-phase power source by wiring, the electric energy meter to be detected, the three-phase multifunctional standard meter and the program-controlled three-phase power source are connected with a multipath server through RS485 communication ports, and the multipath server is connected with a detection process system by Ethernet. The device solves the problems that, during a conventional detection process, the current and voltage power sources are required, the standard meter and the detected meter are manually wired, the test data is manually recorded, the number of electric energy meters detected at one time is small and the efficiency is low.


Since the early 2000s, the Korean Wave (aka Hallyu) has influenced Greater China in enterprising and complex ways that diverge from the ways in which Hallyu has impacted other markets. At the same time, since China joined the Word Trade Organization in 2001, art, culture and media production have been largely transformed from vehicles for state propaganda into new gateways for producing and showcasing popular commercial entertainment. Korean producers have played a significant role in this evolving transformation, albeit in a cultural space that the Government of Mainland China still uses and shapes as an important mouthpiece of the Party-state. While media headlines accentuate these progressive pathways, there is a dearth of scholarly commentary on the ways in which Korean film practitioners are contributing to this new era of cultural globalisation in China. To shed light on this emerging topic, the authors examine Chinese audiences' reception of the Korean film Miss Granny (2014) and the most successful Korean–Chinese co-production to date, its Chinese remake 20 Once Again (2015). The article utilises data drawn from Douban, a major Chinese entertainment and popular culture social networking site, to assess the 'inconspicuous' impact of the cinematic component of the Korean Wave on Chinese cinema. In taking this approach, the authors seek to assess the importance of localized film content for Chinese audiences, as well as canvassing a range of hitherto unknown opinions about 'Korean' and 'Chinese' styles of storytelling.


A method for assays of human peripheral blood natural killers, making use of monoclonal antibodies, has been developed. The method is unsophisticated, reagent-saving, does not involve the use of special equipment. Comparison of the results of the cytotoxic method 'with those of routine tests has shown a good correlation of the results.


In this paper I'm going to criticize the role of countries to do clinical trial on innocent girls who are the victims of the clinical trial of HPV virus vaccine and discuss the role of Govt. of India and Andhra Pradesh in this regard.


In this paper, I explore in an overlapping generations framework, a mechanism motivating a neurobiological poverty trap. Poverty causes stress and depression in individuals susceptible to depression. Poor and depressed individuals discount the future at a higher rate and invest less in the human capital of their children than mentally healthy or rich individuals. This gene–environment interaction generates a vicious cycle in which poor individuals inherit not only susceptibility to depression, but also stress and poverty. I show that a successful one-time intervention has the power to permanently eliminate the neurobiological poverty trap.


The title SLS modifies polymerization of acrylate emulsion is studied with seed emulsion method by using surface active agent SLS and PEG600 instead of traditional emulsifier of OP-10/SDS and K2S2O8/NaHSO3 as redox initiation system.FTIR shows that SLS and acrylic monomers form polymer via graft copolymerization.The acrylate emulsion obtained by this method has good stability during the emulsion polymerization and storage.Water resistance of emulsion based on SLS is much better than that of pure acrylate latex when dosage of initiator is 5% and SLS is 20%.


Background  Currently, although only a few therapies normalize the liver test abnormalities with/without improving the liver histology, no pharmacologic therapy has proved to be effective for the treatment of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis.


The objective of this study was to determine the duration of diet administration required for effective modification of meat fatty acids (FA) in turkeys fed diets containing 10% of flaxseed. BIG-7 female turkeys of 11 wk of age were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments and were fed wheat/soybean-based diets containing 2.5% of flaxseed oil and 2% of soybean oil (FO), 10% of ground flaxseed (FS), and 10% of flaxseed and NSP-degrading enzymes (FS + E) for 3, 4, and 5 wk. After 5 wk, the BWG of turkeys from FO and FS + E groups were similar, while group FS birds had a lower body weight (P = 0.009). When compared to the reference diet FO, diets FS and FS + E decreased (P < 0.05) the proportion of n-6 after 4 wk, and increased the proportion of n-3 in the total FA content of breast meat. As a result, the n-6/n-3 ratio for FO, FS, and FS + E decreased in breast meat (from 2.8 to 1.4, and 1.4, respectively). When compared to 4 and 5 wk, meat from turkeys slaughtered after 3 wk of feeding had lower concentrations of total n-3 FA. However, the proportion of biologically active EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) was the highest after 3 wk. Dietary treatments did not influence the sensory attributes of breast and thigh meat evaluated after 3, 4, and 5 wk. The results indicate that administration of the diet containing 10% of flaxseed for 3 wk would improve the n-6/n-3 ratio and EPA and DHA contents without a negative impact on the physicochemical and sensory attributes of meat.

Practical applications: The inclusion of 10% of ground flaxseed in turkey diets over a period of 3 wk before slaughter (i.e., at ∼15 wk of age) would decrease the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in meat portions and would result in considerably higher proportion of biologically active EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) without any negative impact on the physicochemical and sensory attributes of meat, and thus may be more desirable for human health. Further applications may include the use of NSP-degrading enzymes to alleviate the negative effect of ground flaxseed on body weight gain of turkeys.

Growing turkeys were fed wheat/soybean-based diets containing 2.5% flaxseed oil and 2% soybean oil (FO), 10% ground flax seed (FS), and 10% ground flax seed plus NSP enzyme (FS+E) for 3, 4, and 5 wk. When compared to the reference diet FO, diets FS and FS + E increased the proportion of n-3 in the total FA content of breast and thigh meat portions and decreased the n-6/n-3 ratio. Turkeys slaughtered after 3 weeks of feeding had lower concentrations of total n-3 FA but the highest proportion of biologically active EPA and DHA.


Studies on amyloid beta (Aβ|), the peptide thought to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, have implicated mitochondria in Aβ‐mediated neurotoxicity. We used differentiated PC12 cells stably transfected with an inducible green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein containing an N′‐terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence (mtGFP), to examine the effects of sub‐lethal Aβ on the import of nuclear‐encoded proteins to mitochondria. Exposure to sub‐lethal Aβ25–35 (10 μmol/L) for 48 h inhibited mtGFP import to mitochondria; average rates decreased by 20 ± 4%. Concomitant with the decline in mtGFP, cytoplasmic mtGFP increased significantly while mtGFP expression and intramitochondrial mtGFP turnover were unchanged. Sub‐lethal Aβ1–42 inhibited mtGFP import and increased cytoplasmic mtGFP but only after 96 h. The import of two endogenous nuclear‐encoded mitochondrial proteins, mortalin/mtHsp70 and Tom20 also declined. Prior to the decline in import, mitochondrial membrane potential (mmp), and reactive oxygen species levels were unchanged in Aβ‐treated cells versus reverse phase controls. Sustained periods of decreased import were associated with decreased mmp, increased reactive oxygen species, increased vulnerability to oxygen‐glucose deprivation and altered mitochondrial morphology. These findings suggest that an Aβ‐mediated inhibition of mitochondrial protein import, and the consequent mitochondrial impairment, may contribute to Alzheimer's disease.


Tropical sprue, or psilosis, was probably first referred to in American literature in the writings of Dr. John Brickcll,: a Dublin physician, who was an emissary of the Crown to the Cherokee Indians early in the eighteenth century. In his report he discusses the diseases of the colony of North Carolina, and in addition to yaws lie mentions "white flux," which, in all probability, was the disease described in 177G by Hillary, in Barbadoes, as sprue. The identity of this West Indian sprue was never questioned by Sir Patrick Manson,3 though Carnegie Brown1 still contends that true sprue is limited in its distribution to tropical and subtropical eastern Asia. Fortunately for us many of our medical men, especially of the Army Medical Corps, became familiar with true sprue in the Philippines, and not only brought back with them this intimate acquaintance, but were able to identify the disease known as sprue in Porto Rico as true sprue of the East. In recent years many observers have suspected that sprue existed in the United States, but only in the last decade has anyone had the temerity to actually make the diagnosis except in cases invalided from the tropics. The return of missionaries from China and Ceylon suffering from sprue has given us many opportunities to become familiar with true Eastern sprue and to compare it with the milder type of sprue in the Southern States. In 1905 St. J. B. Graham,5 of Savannah, reported four cases of sprue which had originated in Georgia. This observation was based on experience in the Philippines, and the correctness of the diagnosis can hardly be questioned. In 1907 II. F. Harris,6 of Atlanta, reported a number of cases of sprue. Later in that same year Searcy, of Alabama, reported


Agarose can be extracted directly from Gracilaria cylindrica by precipitation of the charged agar molecules in the seaweed extract with benzothonium chloride and kappa carrageenan or finely ground Eucheuma striatum. The colloidal precipitate formed from the reaction of the charged agar and the quaternary ammonium compound is difficult to filter but, with the addition of -carrageenan or finely ground £. striatum, the formation of a curd-like precipitate of large particle size is effected thus facilitating filtration. Extraction of agarose directly from the seaweed eliminates several Steps in its preparation such äs freezing, thawing, washing, drying and the powdering of the agar. Employing this simple method might significantly lower the cost of agarose production.


To analyze the export competence advantage of one country,this paper gives the concept of the comprehensive export competence index(CEC Index) on the base of the goods export competence index,whose value was the weigh sum of the goods export competence index value according to the rate of every kind of goods in the country's total export amount.Then two inferences were drawn from the index model.The first inference was that the more the concentration of one coun-try's export goods,the more the country's CEC Index.The second inference was that the more the scarcity of one country's export goods,the more its CEC Index.To apply the CEC index can help one country evaluate correctly its export structure of goods and adjust timely its strategy of foreign trade.But the index had its shortcomings too.


Many drugs are administered intramuscularly to immobilize and anesthetize dogs. There are many established intramuscular (IM) anesthetic combinations for dogs; however, little information is available on the effects of a xylazine-diazepam-ketamine (XDK) combination. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anesthetic effects of the XDK combination in dogs. Twelve adult mixed bred dogs were used. All dogs were anesthetized with an 1M injection of diazepam (0.5 mg/kg) and xylazine (1.1 mg/kg) with low-dose ketamine (5 mg/kg; group 1) or high-dose ketamine (10 mg/kg; group 2) in one syringe. After administration of the test dose, the animals were positioned in a right lateral recumbency, and analgesia and cardiopulmonary data were collected and recorded. The duration of anesthesia in group 2 was significantly longer than that of group 1 (mean [sd] 68.0 [7.6] v 51.3 [2.7] minutes). Blood pressure increased significantly after XDK administration in both groups, and S a O₂ levels decreased significantly from baseline at 10, 20, and 30 minutes in both groups. XDK administration produced satisfactory sedation and analgesia in all dogs. In conclusion, intramuscular administration of xylazine-diazepam-ketamine combination at a doses of 1.1 mg/kg xylazine, 0.5 mg/kg diazepam, and 5 or 10 mg/kg ketamine appeared to be effective short duration anesthetic protocols in dogs.


Nonhealing wounds are a major complication of diseases such as diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. For efficient tissue repair, inflammatory cells must infiltrate into the damaged tissue to orchestrate wound closure. Hyaluronan is involved in the inflammation associated with wound repair and binds the surface of leukocytes infiltrating damaged sites. Skin γδ T cells play specialized roles in keratinocyte proliferation during wound repair. Here, we show that γδ T cells are required for hyaluronan deposition in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and subsequent macrophage infiltration into wound sites. We describe a novel mechanism of control in which γδ T cell–derived keratinocyte growth factors induce epithelial cell production of hyaluronan. In turn, hyaluronan recruits macrophages to the site of damage. These results demonstrate a novel function for skin γδ T cells in inflammation and provide a new perspective on T cell regulation of ECM molecules.


Chronopotentiometry,one of the frequently applied technique of transient electrochemistry,was introduced to measure the anti-permeability of organic coating on metal surface and the ability against diffusivity of NaCl.Through chronopotentiometry,the test data can be analyzed to get the C_p and R_p of the coating which can be used to evaluate the property of organic coating.


To the Editor:— In the January 23 issue ofThe Journalyou review an article by Dr. Arthur Lack on the intravascular agglutination of blood in avian malaria. The original observations on the intravascular agglutinations and consequent sludging of the blood were made in Macacus rhesus monkeys infected with Plasmodium knowlesi malaria. These observations were made in the late summer and fall of 1940 at the University of Tennessee Medical School by Drs. Warren Stratman-Thomas, Theodore S. Eliot and myself. A preliminary note on this work was published in the Anatomical Record ( 79 :90 [March, supp. 2] 1941). These studies have been carried on for the past two years at the University of Tennessee through the cooperation of the University of Tennessee, the Tennessee Valley Authority and the University of Chicago. These three institutions pooled facilities, equipment and manpower for the work. In addition to those mentioned, Mr. Edward H.


In order to reduce the influence of axial displacement, certain capacitive angular sensors use a symmetric design that limits their absolute measuring range to 180/spl deg/. This paper presents a combined sensor that utilizes a Wiegand sensor to obtain additional information needed to resolve 360/spl deg/. Since magnetic and electric fields required by the sensing principles do not interfere, one single rotor design can be used for both fields. When the receiver coil on a Wiegand sensor has to drive a current, this current influences the shape and duration of the pulse generated by the sensor. We found that shape and amplitude of the pulse vary depending on the strength of the applied fields and the location of the initial inverse nucleation. However the stability of the pulse amplitude and the pulse duration are important for the robustness of the sensor. A modified Ising model that simulates the domain wall propagation is presented and results of measurements and numerical simulations are reported.


The propagation of soliton through optical fibers has been studied by using nonlinear Schrödinger's equation (NLSE). There are different types of NLSEs that study this physical phenomenon such as (GRKLE) generalized Radhakrishnan–Kundu–Lakshmanan equation. The generalized nonlinear RKL dynamical equation, which presents description of the dynamical of light pulses, has been studied. We used two formulas of the modified simple equation method to construct the optical soliton solutions of this model. The obtained solutions can be represented as bistable bright, dark, periodic solitary wave solutions.


The use of newly developed polymer processing technologies to enable the microstructure control of nonreactive and reactive polymer systems, which up to now have been manufactured with conventional chemical polymerization processes, has been rapidly becoming popular, particularly in the field of polymer alloy systems. In this article the mechanisms of morphological development and its control for polymer alloys used mostly in a twin-screw extruder have been reviewed mainly from our studies. And furthermore, on-line monitoring and handling techniques developed at The Japan Steel Works are described in relation to the evolution of microstructure of polymer systems in a twin-screw extruder. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Technical innovation is crucial to the subsistence and development of the medium-and-small size enterprises. There're two sides in the technical innovation of the medium-and-small size enterprises. On one hand, it has some distinctive preponderance. On the other hand, it will face tremendous risk and difficulty. So the medium-and-small size enterprises should choose suitable technical innovation strategy according to their own situation and the change of the outer circumstances.


Pseudomonas putida LUA15.1, isolated from rice rhizospheric soil samples of paddy fields of Una district, Himachal Pradesh (India), produced extracellular laccase (EC 220.127.116.11) at 28 °C and pH 7.0. In this study the wild strain of Pseudomonas putida LUA15.1was improved for enhanced laccase production by using physical mutagen (ultraviolet rays) and chemical mutagens (ethidium bromide (0.1-1.0mg/ml) and ethyl methanesulfonate (10-100µl/ml)). Mutant (E4) with hyper laccase production was obtained after treating wild strain with ethyl methanesulfonate on the basis of zone formation and laccase activity. Mutant E4 (34.12 U/l) resulted in a 26.37% increase in laccase activity over wild strain (25.12 U/l). Pseudomonas putida LUA15.1 mutant E4 exhibited maximum extracellular laccase activity at pH: 8.0, after 48hrs of incubation period at 30 °C. The laccase enzyme was purified from Pseudomonas putida LUA15.1 mutant E4 by using ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration chromatography and ion exchange chromatography. The procedure yielded 1.02 mg protein with 60.0 fold purification with a percent yield of 8.09. The effectiveness of hyper laccase producing mutant E4 indicates its possible applicability in various biotechnological and industrial processes.


It was suggested more than three decades ago that the three-dimensional structure of one particle may be determined using the simultaneous x-ray scattering from many randomly oriented copies ab initio, without modelling of a priori information. This may be possible, provided sufficiently brief and intense x-ray pulses that can 'outrun' the effects of radiation damage and simultaneously produce significant signal within 'snapshot' diffraction patterns. Because the ensemble of particles is static throughout the snapshot exposure, solution scattering patterns contain angular intensity fluctuations and thus differ from conventional isotropic scattering patterns. X-ray free-electron lasers may be able to provide the x-ray source properties that are required to make such experiments feasible. In this tutorial we discuss how structures might be determined through correlated x-ray scattering measurements, with an emphasis on dilute suspensions of identical bioparticles.


M. S. Jun,1,2 D. Y. Jeong,2 S. H. Lee,1 K. Heo,1 J. E. Oh,3 S. W. Hwang,1,2,* and D. Ahn2 1Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Korea University, 5-1 Anam, Sungbuk, Seoul 136-075, Korea 2Institute of Quantum Information Processing and Systems, University of Seoul, 90 Jeonnong, Dongdaemun, Seoul 130-743, Korea 3Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa-1, Sangnok, Ansan, Kyunggi-do 425-791, Korea Received 12 May 2004; revised manuscript received 26 April 2005; published 4 August 2005


AbstractThe data from forty-four fourth grade Ss were analyzed in a 2 X 2 factorial design which involved question placement and the presence of extraneous data as independent variables. Two dependent variables were considered, total errors and total time to solve the problems. The results revealed a significant effect for extraneous data, with time as the dependent variable. No significant effects were found for question placement. In addition, no significant results were found with errors as the dependent variable.


Recent years witnessed commodity prices increases which have fostered researchworks on their predictability and a renewed interest of practitioners and policy makers. The objective of this paper is to test the predictive ability of futures prices on the underlying spot prices by taking corn, which is one of the most important agricultural commodities in terms of trading volumes and for its role in the dietary regime of many countries. We consider the corn futures on the CBOT in the period May 1998-December 2011 so as to extend previous studies on this market and to assess a possible effect of the financial crisis. Our results do not emphasize a role for the latter and, although we do not find evidence of efficiency and unbiasedness, the futures corn price turns out to be the best predictor of the spot price if compared with most used alternatives.


In certain digital communication systems data is coded into cyclic code words for error correction or detection. To safeguard certain aspects of the system, all the code words of a message may have the same identifying pattern in a group of digits. This increases the redundancy of the message. This paper proposes a method of doing this using little or no redundancy. The message identification (MI) would be contained in a code syndrome which is added to each code word (except the first) of the message. These syndromes are


The role of medical imaging in today's system of health care is very prominent and its wide usage as now created databases of images called PACS or Picture Archiving and Communication Systems. Large storage facilities for computers are employed by departments of medical imaging though the PACS method. Images from different modalities like multidimensional and also 2D images as well as multimodality images are now stored. These images can result in more efficient diagnosis, and also better teaching and research. This necessitates the right method to be employed for searching images having the same traits to their region of interest. CBIR or Content-based image retrieval can be taken as a technique for retrieving images which enables a balance between the conventional methods of text based retrieval that uses visual features like colour, shape, texture etc. Medical CBIR is now a field of study that has established itself and has proved to be true when it is applied to multimodality as well as multidimensional medical data. An image retrieval system that is based on content and further on Hadoop, which is a projected solution for big image database that provides safe and effective search methods and also retrieves those images that are similar to the Query image of the database.


Cooling apparatus is provided for use with an engine. The cooling device includes a base, and the flow control unit comprising an opening defined within. Flow control unit also includes a plurality of blades, extending from at least a portion of the base. Cooling apparatus also includes a grid portion having an opening defined within an opening of the grid portion are arranged in the base of the opening and substantially concentric. The attachment unit is configured cooling apparatus to couple to at least one of the rotatable components of the engine. Flow controller, each of the grid section, and the attachment portion are such that the cooling device is a standalone component, is formed by integrating together.


Context The fluxes and sources of atmospheric particles and gaseous compounds in Antarctica and its closely associated Southern Ocean are poorly constrained, in particular the particle chemistry. Antarctica is considered the best preserved region on Earth from anthropogenic emissions. However, the impact of anthropogenic airborne particles and pollutants could be significantly larger than expected. Furthermore, a detailed understanding of present-day atmospheric transport pathways of particles and of (semi-)volatile organic compounds ((S)-VOCs) from source to deposition in Antarctica remains essential to document biogeochemical cycles and the relative importance of natural and anthropogenic compounds, which are not well constrained at the moment. In addition, atmospheric particles also act as cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei and therefore play a crucial role in the formation of clouds, affecting both their radiative properties and precipitation. The CHASE project provided detailed physical-chemical analyses of both atmospheric and particles in surface snow as well as of (semi)-volatile organic compounds recovered near the Belgian research station Princess Elisabeth (PEA), Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica (71.95°S, 23.35°E, 1390 m asl), and thoroughly investigated their atmospheric transport pathways. Such detailed studies have never occurred in the region where Princess Elisabeth station is located. CHASE relied on an interdisciplinary research team, bringing together partners with complementary expertise in long-term experimental work, expertise in Antarctic research campaigns, expertise in state-of-the-art chemical analyses, and expertise in modelling atmospheric transport and dispersion. Both active and passive sampling of ambient atmospheric particles and of (semi)-volatile organic compounds has been done. Active sampling allowed a higher time resolution of the samples during austral summer. Passive sampling allowed to obtain time-weighted average concentrations over longer periods of time and offering the possibility to sample in remote areas. The location of the passive sampling sites along a transect from the Antarctic plateau to the coast allowed the collection of samples influenced by various source regions.


In world practice kyanite ore is in demand as an effective refractory and ceramic raw material [1]. It is possible to prepare high quality alumina directly from kyanite by both alkali and acid methods as a result of existence of amphoteric properties for aluminum, although these technologies have a number of disadvantages: the multistage nature, a requirement for expensive chemically resistant equipment, use of corrosive reagents, a requirement for using a considerable amount ecologically unsafe waste materials, a considerable water requirement, etc. [2, 3]. Therefore new methods are studied for preparing aluminum oxide from aluminosilicates with the aim of increasing their sphere of application and expanding the raw material base for producing alumina. In particular, in order to separate Al2O3 and SiO2 that are present together carbothermal reduction of kyanite and kaolin clays has been studied [4, 5]. During enrichment of kyanite concentrate of the Khizovaarsk deposit for aluminum oxide by carbothermal reduction raw material is used with the following content of basic components, %: Al2O3 51.79, SiO2 40.94 [6]. The technology is represented by the following main stages: charge preparation, containing kyanite concentrate, a reducing agent and a loosening additions, compaction of specimens at low pressure (50 MPa) or preparation of pellets, high-temperature (1700°C) treatment of specimens with exposure at the maximum temperature for 1 – 2 h; separation of specimens from the charge; grinding them with the aim of opening concretions; gravitation separation of the high alumina part from the silica and calcined alumina part in an oxidizing atmosphere at 700°C with preparation of the final product. The separated product (Al2O3 80%, SiO2 12%) may be used for producing mullite-corundum refractory (GOST 24704 "Corundum and high-alumina refractory objects") or alumina by a successively combined scheme [7]. In order to improve quality of the high-alumina product obtained conditions for performing the process are varied. For example, increasing the time for raising the temperature during firing led to an increase in Al2O3 content and to a reduction in SiO2 content (Table 1). A similar effect may also be obtained as a result of an overall increase in the specimen soaking time at the temperature exceeding the threshold temperature for the reduction reaction. A nonlinear dependence has been revealed for the results of enrichment on the amount of reducing agent added (Fig. 1). Equations for the curves in Fig. 1 have the following analytical form:


The distant hybridization from maize and diploid perennial teosinte ( Zea diploperennis L.) was conducted for seven years,through twelve generation.Inbred lines which are resistant to diseases and environmental stress and have fine agronomy characters was obtained through selfing and selection.A new hybrid variety called shannong 993 which showed high yield,multiple resistant and high quality characters was developed.This indicated that maize×teosinte( Zea diploperennis L.) is the effective ways to widen germplasm pool of maize and to over come the stasis situation of maize production in China.


Squalene monooxygenase (SM) is a rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol synthesis beyond HMGCR, anchored in the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The first 100 amino acids (SM N100) represent a lipid-responsive degron (degradation signal) capable of sensing two lipids of the cholesterol synthesis pathway in the ER, squalene and cholesterol (1, 2). The role of the SM N100 degron is simple; it enables SM to be degraded when the catalytic activity of SM is no longer required, stopping the synthesis pathway at this step. When does this phenomenon occur? Cholesterol, the end-product of the pathway, feeds back on SM and accelerates its degradation (right). Thus, excess cholesterol shuts down the synthesis pathway, accumulating squalene (right) (1). However, degradation is attenuated when cholesterol levels are low and squalene levels increase (left). It was origi-nally observed that SM levels increased in cells treated with the SM inhibitor NB-598. Further investigation revealed this occurred due to squalene accumulation, which stabilized the SM N100 degron (left) (2). Hence, squalene, the substrate of SM, allosterically stabilizes SM, thereby providing a feedforward mechanism to drive cholesterol synthesis and meet the cellular demand for cholesterol (left) (2). Importantly, the SM N100 degron is absent in lower organisms such as yeast, which produce ergosterol rather than cholesterol (1). From an evolutionary perspective, the degron may have evolved to impart


of of unknown origin . and in very rheumatologic and disease, possibility of Still's disease been confirmed by ex-treme elevated serum ferritin level . This case report reviews current knowledge about this disease, pointing out it's diagnostic challenge .


NEW MATERIAL: A compound of formula I [G is represented by general formula II or general formula III (A 1 -A 3 are N or CH); Ar is represented by general formula IV formula VI (R 4 is H, OH, halo, NO 2 , methyl or the like; W is H, methyl, ethyl, OH or the like; X is CO, CONH, O, NH, CH 2 , single bond or the like; R 1 is (CH 2 ) n R 3 (n is 0-4; R 3 is OH, COOH, 5-terazolyl); R 2 is C 4-7 straight chained alkyl]. EXAMPLE: α-Hexyl-4-[(2-carboxy-3-hydroxybenzoyl)amino]-1H-imidazole-1-acetic acid. USE: Angiotesin II antagonist. Useful as an antihypertensive drug, and used in the therapy of congresive heart failure. PROCESS: A radical R 1 ' in a compound of formula VII [Ar' is Ar wherein R 1 is R 1 '; R 1 ' is (CH 2 )nR 3 ' (R 3 ' is R 3 , CN, COO-C 1-4 alkyl)], is replaced by R 1 , to obtain the compound of formula I. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO


Eighty percent of the world's population are currently exposed to light-polluted skies, and the Milky Way is no longer visible to more than a third of humanity. The pace the light pollution is increasing is faster than global population growth and economic development. While environmental conditions at night are being dramatically and rapidly altered, circadian rhythms, behaviour and ecology of plants and animals are imminently influenced. In the same time, effects of artificial lighting, various illumination schemes and spectra on biodiversity, including bats, are currently insufficiently understood, whereas only a vague notion of required mitigation and compensation activities exists among decision-makers and other parties involved in lighting projects. Although the bats are almost exclusively nocturnal and extremely sensitive to multiple effects of light pollution, its negative impact on bats alongside essential measures needed to preserve unfragmented nightscapes for these animals are often disregarded during impact assessments, planning and operation.

In this volume, we tried to compile available evidence related to the effect of artificial light at night on the European bats. Based on the current state of knowledge, solutions are proposed concerning possible ways to avoid, mitigate and compensate the adverse effects which lighting projects may have on bats and their functional habitats. We also outlined research priorities for future studies, required for in-depth understanding of the problem and assessing efficiency of proposed mitigative measures.


The exact form of the taxonomic relationship between the common or blue mussel, Mytilus edulis L., and Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk, the Mediterranean mussel, has been the subject of considerable scientific interest in recent years (for a review see Gosling, 1984). While the origins of this separation into two species rests with the original descriptions by Linnaeus and Lamarck (e.g. Soot-Ryen, 1955), interest was stimulated in recent times through the discovery by Hepper (1957) of an 'unusual' type of mussel at Padstow in Cornwall which, on the basis of morphological criteria, he identified as M. galloprovincialis (see also Lewis & Seed, 1969). This discovery was followed by a series of electrophoretic investigations providing evidence that the so-called 'Padstow mussel' exhibits genetic affinities with M. galloprovincialis from the Mediterranean (Ahmad & Beardmore, 1976; Skibinski, Ahmad & Beardmore, 1978; Skibinski, Cross & Ahmad, 1980). In her recent review paper on the systematic status of M. galloprovincialis in western Europe, Gosling (1984) considers information from morphological, cytological, immunological, electrophoretic and hybridization studies and concludes that M. galloprovincialis is a 'form' or ecotype of M. edulis.


We study efficient optimization of the Hamiltonians of multi-species spherical spin glasses. Our results characterize the maximum value attained by algorithms that are suitably Lipschitz with respect to the disorder through a variational principle that we study in detail. We rely on the branching overlap gap property introduced in our previous work and develop a new method to establish it that does not require the interpolation method. Consequently our results apply even for models with non-convex covariance, where the Parisi formula for the true ground state remains open. As a special case, we obtain the algorithmic threshold for all single-species spherical spin glasses, which was previously known only for even models. We also obtain closed-form formulas for pure models which coincide with the $E_{\infty}$ value previously determined by the Kac-Rice formula.


The massive formation of hydrocarbons in nature is the result of the interaction between organic and inorganic materials. Of the two main elements composing hydrocarbon materials, carbon mainly originates from organic matter, especially in liquid hydrocarbons, while hydrogen has several sources. Organic hydrogen originates from organic matter, inorganic hydrogen mainly originates from connate water and there exist several ways to combine into hydrocarbons, and the other hydrogen originates from volatile gases from the deep earth. In this paper, the interaction between organic and inorganic materials in hydrocarbon formation was discussed by analyzing the vertical evolution of oilfield water and comparing oilfield water with non oilfield water, analyzing relationship between hydrogen isotopic composition of hydrocarbon materials and the depositional environment of source rocks, contrasting the results of hydrocarbon generating pyrolysises with or without addition of external water, and analyzing relationship between the distribution of large oil and gas fields of the world and the structural zone. Special attention was paid on the essence of inorganic sources of hydrogen in hydrocarbons. The sources of hydrogen and the mechanism of the function of hydrogen addition were also analyzed. It is valuable for improving the theory of oil and gas formation and applying in the exploration of oil and gas.


Over the course of the last few years, the advertisement and marketing of commercial food products in the European market has seen an increasing focus on the beneficial effects of such products for consumer health (Regulation, 2006). These so-called "health claims", which can be found on the label of some food products, have become a very important medium, aiming to reach the maximum amount of potential consumers possible, and the delivery of these promises has become a crucial objective for food companies or consortia. However, in most cases, the evidence backing up such claims (and their coveted acknowledgment on the product label) has often been cited as insufficient by institutions such as the European Food and Safety Authority (EFSA, Parma, Italy).


To optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharide from loguat leaves,water extract and alcohol precipitate method was employed to extract crude polysaccharide from loguat leaf powder of Zaozhong 6,an orthogonal test was conducted taking solid-liquid ratio,extraction time and temperature as the factors to select the optimum extraction conditions.Results:The optimum extraction conditions included solid-liquid ratio 1:25,extraction temperature 90℃ and extraction time 2 h.Under these conditions,the extraction amount of polysaccharide from loguat leaves reached 21.96mg/g.


Two episodes created the occasions for the essays in this monograph issue of the Journal for Cultural Research. The first was the graduate research seminar on "Genre and the City" that I taught in ...


The purpose of this research was to investigate the students' learning outcomes toward the use of cooperative learning model of Think Pair Share (TPS) on the topic of atomic structure to the tenth year students of SMA 2 Palu. The method used was an experimental research. The population was the tenth year students of SMA 2 Palu in the academic year of 2012/2013. The research used purposive sampling technique (based on the specific reason: the two classes have the same average scores of class). The sample consisted of 32 X-A students as the experimental class (Think Pair Share (TPS) technique) and 32 X-D students as the control class. The data collection was through test on atomic structure. The testing of research data used statistic analysis one tale t-test (right) by employing its prerequisite test of normality and homogeneity. The average score of the experimental class was 12.63 with the deviation standard of 2.82 and of the control class was 9.89 with the deviation standard of 2.70. Based on the hypothesis testing, it was found that tcounted value >ttable or 3.98 > 1.66 with degree of significance of 00.5 and degree of freedom = 62. The Ho was rejected. It is concluded that the learning outcome by using cooperative learning of Think Pair Share technique on the topic of nuclear structure is higher than that of the conventional technique.


The results of the experimental research of generation of pulsed electron beam in S-band RF gun with driven plasma cathode are described. There has been designed experimental sample of the cathode based on ferroelectric ceramics. It has been obtained at RF gun output electron beam with particle energy ≅500 keV, pulsed peak current of 3 A and pulse duration of 50 ns. PACS: 29.25.BX, 41.75.FR, 52.25.Mq, 52.80.PI


Thermo-deformation graph of a few stocks used for tire and hose was gained by temperature- deformation test,the suitable temperature range for extrusion was determined. The relation between extrusive property and thermo-deformation graph for stocks was found. The theory how to determine extrusive molding temperature was put forward.


We introduce a variant of global generation for coherent sheaves on abelian varieties which, under certain circumstances, implies ampleness. This extends a criterion of Debarre asserting that a continuously globally generated coherent sheaf on an abelian variety is ample. We apply this to show the ampleness of certain sheaves, which we call naive Fourier-Mukai-Poincar\'e transforms, and to study the structure of GV sheaves. In turn, one of these applications allows to extend the classical existence and connectedness results of Brill-Noether theory to a wider context, e.g. singular curves equipped with a suitable morphism to an abelian variety. Another application is a general inequality of Brill-Noether type involving the Euler characteristic and the homological dimension.


Most analytical methods for describing light propagation in turbid medium exhibit low effectiveness in the near-field of a collimated source. Motivated by the Charge Simulation Method in electromagnetic theory as well as the established discrete source based modeling, we have reported on an improved explicit model, referred to as "Virtual Source" (VS) diffuse approximation (DA), to inherit the mathematical simplicity of the DA while considerably extend its validity in modeling the near-field photon migration in low-albedo medium. In this model, the collimated light in the standard DA is analogously approximated as multiple isotropic point sources (VS) distributed along the incident direction. For performance enhancement, a fitting procedure between the calculated and realistic reflectances is adopted in the nearfield to optimize the VS parameters (intensities and locations). To be practically applicable, an explicit 2VS-DA model is established based on close-form derivations of the VS parameters for the typical ranges of the optical parameters. The proposed VS-DA model is validated by comparing with the Monte Carlo simulations, and further introduced in the image reconstruction of the Laminar Optical Tomography system.


Allanblackia seeds contain about 72% white fat (mostly of oleic and stearic acid), with high medicinal and industrial value, but the plant has not been domesticated, so seeds are only gotten from the wild. The demand for seeds of the wild Allanblackia floribunda exceeds supply and efforts to domesticate the plant to increase seed availability have been unsuccessful due to long seed dormancy periods. Soaking scarified seeds from immature fruits in water or fluridone shortened dormancy to less than 3 months, but the effects of different soak durations on germination, dormancy and seedling vigor, are not fully understood. This study aimed to determine the effects of three soak durations (1, 6, and 12 h) in water or fluridone (10 µM or 30 µM) on seed germination and seedling growth. The study was a 3 x 3 factorial experiment arranged in a Completely Randomized Design, using scarified immature seeds. At 16 weeks after treatment, seedlings were transplanted into polypots filled with topsoil and assessed weekly for the effects of treatments on seedling growth (leaf number and plant height). The % germination increased as the duration of soak in water or 10 µM fluridone increased from 1 to 12 h. The tendency to obtain 75-100% germination was higher when seeds were soaked in 10 µM fluridone (i.e., for 6 or 12 h) as compared to soaking in water for up to 12 h. The shortest duration (72 d, i.e., approx. 2.5 months) to achieve >75% germination was when Allanblackia seeds were soaked for 6 h in 10 µM fluridone. Soaking the seeds for 12 h in 10 µM fluridone resulted in 100% germination in 3 months. At transplanting, seedlings from fluridone treated seeds were taller, and had more leaves than those from seeds soaked in water for 1 or 6 h, but the reverse was observed in seedlings from seeds soaked for 12 h in water. However, these effects diminished after 2 weeks, when the seedlings have become established. This study has shown a promising method for achieving rapid and efficient germination of Allanblackia seeds with no noticeable adverse effects on seedling establishment.


Book synopsis: The 19 papers presented in this volume by North American and European historians and archaeologists discuss how early medieval political and religious elites constructed 'places of power', and how such places, in turn, created powerful people. They also examine how the 'high-level' power exercised by elites was transformed in the post-Roman kingdoms of Europe, as Roman cities gave way as central stages for rituals of power to a multitude of places and spaces where political and religious power were represented. Although the Frankish kingdoms receive a large share of attention, contributions also focus on the changing topography of power in the old centres of the Roman world, Rome and Constantinople, to what 'centres of power' may have meant in the steppes of Inner Asia, Scandinavia or the lower Vistula, where political power was even more mobile and decentralised than in the post-Roman kingdoms, as well as to monasteries and their integration into early medieval topographies of power.


Objective
To study the expression and the clinical significance of hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α ) in gallbladder cancer tissues, and the role and mechanism of HIF-1α in metformin-suppressed metastasis in gallbladder carcinoma GBC-SD cells.

Methods
24 specimens of gallbladder cancer tissues and 5 specimens of chronic cholecystitis were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between June 2016 and February 2017. Immunohistochemistry and qPCR were used to detect the expression of HIF-1α in gallbladder cancer tissues, in adjacent non-cancer tissues and in chronic cholecystitis, and the clinical significance was analyzed. The model of metastasis was induced by hypoxia; the wound healing assay and the Transwell assay were used to detect the ability of cell metastasis; the expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF in gallbladder carcinoma GBC-SD cells were detected by western blotting assay and immunofluorescence.

Results
The expression of HIF-1α in gallbladder cancer tissues was higher than the adjacent non-cancer tissues and in chronic cholecystitis. The expression of HIF-1α was correlated with lymph node metastasis and TNM staging in gallbladder cancer tissues (P<0.05). The wound healing rate after 48 h in the negative control group and in the treatment with hypoxia group (1%O2) in GBC-SD cells were (46.5±4.8)% and (67.3±4.0)%, respectively. The Transwell data showed that the numbers of metastasis after 24 h in the negative control group and in the treatment with hypoxia group GBC-SD cells were (147.4±11.7) and (234.4±17.7), respectively. When compared with the negative control group, treatment with hypoxia significantly increased the ability of metastasis and up-regulated the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in GBC-SD cells (P<0.05). The wound healing rate after 48 h in the negative control group, the metformin group, the hypoxia group and the metformin and hypoxia group in GBC-SD cells were (40.6±7.1)%, (16.4±9.4)%, (69.5±4.0)% and (22.4±7.4)%, respectively. The Transwell data showed that the numbers of metastasis after 24 h in the negative control group, the metformin group, the hypoxia group and the metformin and hypoxia group in GBC-SD cells were (148.4±6.9), (90.0±8.4), (185.8±10.2) and (113.4±8.6), respectively. When compared with the hypoxia group, treatment with metformin and hypoxia significantly decreased the ability of metastasis and down-regulated the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in GBC-SD cells (P<0.05). The wound healing rate after 48 h in the negative control group, the 2MeoE2 group, the hypoxia group, the 2MeoE2 and hypoxia group in GBC-SD cells were (43.4±4.4)%, (25.9±9.0)%, (63.3±2.2)%, (46.2±4.5)%, respectively. The Transwell data showed that the numbers of metastasis after 24 h in the negative control group, the 2MeoE2 group, the hypoxia group, the 2MeoE2 and hypoxia group in GBC-SD cells were (144.2±12.6), (80.2±7.7), (203.8±7.0), (124.0±5.2), respectively. When compared with the hypoxia group, treatment with HIF-1α inhibitor 2MeoE2 and hypoxia significantly decreased the ability of metastasis and down-regulated the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in GBC-SD cells (P<0.05).

Conclusions
The expression of HIF-1α was correlated with lymph node metastasis and TNM staging in gallbladder cancer tissues. Treatment with hypoxia significantly increased the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF and promoted metastasis of GBC-SD cells, while treatment with metformin decreased the ability of metastasis induced by hypoxia via inhibiting the HIF-1α/VEGF pathway in GBC-SD cells.

Key words:
Gallbladder carcinoma; Hypoxia-induced factor-1α; Metformin; Hypoxia; Metastasis


The bionomy and ecology of Cinara tujafilina (Del Guercio 1909) (Hemiptera Aphididae) on Thuja orientalis L. was studied under insectary conditions. The number of generations per year was determined, as well as the lifespan of a generation and fecundity of the females. DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochome oxidase I (COI) gene was used to examine the level of genetic variability between specimens among natural populations of C. tujafilina.


Sir: A recent retrospective study in 1996 from Sheffield! showed that 49% of 809 cases of chlamydia were initially diagnosed outside the genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic. Of these, 66.5%were referred to the GUM clinic. The authors had looked at all positive chlamydial infections diagnosed in specimens from hospital and community sources. Rogstad et al. found that referral rates to GUM were 94.5% for family planning clinics, obstetrics and gynaecology 73%, and general practice 52.5%1. Thus, the proportion of cases of Chlamydia trachomatis diagnosed in the community who are referred to a GUM clinic varies according to the service type'. In 1995,approximately one-quarter of all positive tests for chlamydia in Leicester were in patients seen outside a GUM clinic'. Gamer et al. found in this same 1995 report that in Leicester only 40% of all chlamydia positives were referred to GUM clinics. Family planning were the highest percentage referral agency, referring 76% (25 out of 38) of chlamydia cases to GUM for follow-ups, In 1995-1996,there was an overall prevalence of chlamydia in 5.1% of women attending family planning clinics in Leicester. We have investigated the anecdotal belief that the percentage of all referred cases of chlamydia, diagnosed outside the Leicester GUM clinic, is increasing year by year. All women undergoing termination of pregnancy at The Leicester Royal Infirmary (LRl) Gynaecology Department, are tested for chlamydia routinely, and treated with 1 g azithromycin days or weeks before the termination. They are then all referred to the GUM clinic for contact tracing and proof of cure. All female chlamydia case-notes seen in the LRl's GUM clinic were retrospectively analysed for the 3 years 1997, 1998 and 1999 individually. Where they were diagnosed and treated was recorded, Those chlamydia cases diagnosed elsewhere, and not at any time referred to the LRI's GUM clinic, were not included. All cases were categorized into the following referral groups: gynaecology (termination of pregnancy); general practice; family planning clinics; ophthalmology clinics; antenatal clinics; neonatal units; other gynaecology services. The neonatal cases were offspring, with chlamydia ophthalmia neonatorum, of mothers subsequently found to be


The aim of this article is the derivation of a two-scale model that describes the evolution of equiaxed dendritic microstructure in liquid-solid phase transitions of binary mixtures. The approach is based on a phase field model proposed by Caginalp and Xie Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 142 (1998), pp. 293--329]. Assuming a periodic initial distribution of solid kernels with a period of scale $\varepsilon > 0$ and scaling certain physical parameters in the dependence of $\varepsilon$, a formal asymptotic expansion is carried out. The result is a two-scale model that consists of a global homogenized heat equation, and, at each point of the macroscopic domain, local cell problems for the evolution of single solid crystals. In order to justify the asymptotic expansion, an estimate for the difference of the solution of the two-scale model and the solution of the original model of scale $\varepsilon$ is derived. This estimate shows an error of order $\varepsilon^{1/2}$. Finally, the two-scale model is illustrated...


The RCN has urged the government to address concerns over plans to abandon national planning of nurse training and education in favour of local arrangements.


Prostaglandin D2 and its cyclopentenone metabolites [cyclopentenone prostaglandins (CyPGs)], Δ12prostaglandin J2 and 15‐deoxy‐Δ12, 14‐prostaglandin J2, act through2GPCRs, d‐type prostanoid 1 and the chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule expressed on type 2 T‐helper cells (Crth2). In addition to its role in allergy and asthma, the role of Crth2 in the resolution of inflammation, to mediate the proresolving functions of endogenous CyPGs, is not well understood. We investigated the regulation of LPS or zymosan‐induced inflammatory response by signals from the Crth2 receptor in macrophages that lack Crth2 expression [knockout (KO)]. Increased expression of proinflammatory genes, including Tnf‐α, was observed in Crth2 KO cells. Targeting the endogenous biosynthetic pathway of CyPGs with indomethacin or HQL79, which inhibit cyclooxygenases or hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase, respectively, or use of Crth2 antagonists recapitulated the proinflammatory phenotype as in Crth2 KO cells. Ligand‐dependent activation of Crth2 by 13, 14‐dihydro‐15‐keto‐prostaglandin D2 increased Ca2+ influx through store‐operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) accompanied by the up‐regulation of stromal interaction molecule 1 and calcium release‐activated calcium modulator 1 expression, suggesting that the proresolution effects of CyPG‐dependent activation of SOCE could be mediated by Crth2 during inflammation. Interestingly, Crth2 signaling down‐regulated the Ca2+‐regulated heat stable protein 1 that stabilizes Tnf‐α mRNA via the increased expression of microRNA 155 to dampen inflammatory responses triggered through the TNF‐α‐NF‐αB axis. In summary, these studies present a novel regulatory role for Crth2 during inflammatory response in macrophages.—Diwakar, B. T., Yoast, R., Nettleford, S., Qian, F., Lee, T.‐J., Berry, S., Huffnagle, I., Rossi, R. M., Trebak, M., Paulson, R. F., Prabhu, K. S. Crth2 receptor signaling down‐regulates lipopolysaccharide‐induced NF‐αB activation in murine macrophages via changes in intracellular calcium. FASEB J. 33, 12838–12852 (2019). www.fasebj.org


Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Current treatments are extremely disappointing. SPARC (Secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine) is a matricellular glycoprotein with differential expression in several tumors, including HCC, which significance remains unclear. We infected HCC cells (HepG2, Hep3B and Huh7) with an adenovirus expressing SPARC (AdsSPARC) to examine the role of SPARC expression on HCC cells and its effect on tumor aggressiveness. The in vitro HCC cells substrate‐dependent proliferation and cell cycle profile were unaffected; however, SPARC overexpression reduced HCC proliferation when cells were grown in spheroids. A mild induction of cellular apoptosis was observed upon SPARC overexpression. SPARC overexpression resulted in spheroid growth inhibition in vitro while no effects were found when recombinant SPARC was exogenously applied. Moreover, the clonogenic and migratory capabilities were largely decreased in SPARC‐overexpressing HCC cells, altogether suggesting a less aggressive HCC cell phenotype. Consistently, AdsSPARC‐transduced cells showed increased E‐cadherin expression and a concomitant decrease in N‐cadherin expression. Furthermore, SPARC overexpression was found to reduce HCC cell viability in response to 5‐FU‐based chemotherapy in vitro, partially through induction of apoptosis. In vivo experiments revealed that SPARC overexpression in HCC cells inhibited their tumorigenic capacity and increased animal survival through a mechanism that partially involves host macrophages. Our data suggest that SPARC overexpression in HCC cells results in a reduced tumorigenicity partially through the induction of mesenchymal‐to‐epithelial transition (MET). These evidences point to SPARC as a novel target for HCC treatment.


This paper studies the R&D incentives of oligopolistic firms that can form both R&D collaborations and reciprocal market sharing agreements, which restrain them from entering each other's market. We develop a model to examine the architecture of strategically stable networks and the relation between individual incentives and social welfare focusing on regular networks. We find that in absence of R&D collaboration links, collusive market sharing agreements results in increasing industry profits at the expense of R&D investments and social welfare. When firms undertake collaborative R&D and collude in the market, we show that besides the degree, the configuration of the network becomes crucial in determining the equilibrium outcomes. We find that some network structures, in particular bipartite networks, could lead to higher R&D levels and profits than other networks with the same size and the degree. Moreover, in the complete bipartite network social welfare attained is even higher than in absence of collusive links. We also show that the complete network is always stable but not socially optimal, while the stability of the empty network depends on the number of firms and the level of R&D spillovers. In addition, networks composed of complete components are also stable when R&D spillovers are low.


Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrinal disorder that is associated with the electrolyte imbalance in the body. Among them the magnesium levels have been found to be corelated with the HbA1C levels. Moreover, magnesium deficiency is associated with lipid metabolism in diabetic patients. Not much studies have been done on correlation between hypomagnesemia and lipid profile in sub-Himalayan region. Objectives: To study association of serum magnesium levels with lipid profile in newly diagnosed cases of Type II Diabetes Mellitus Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among those newly diagnosed cases of type II diabetes mellitus, who gave consent for the study. The necessary blood investigations were performed and appropriate statistical tests were applied for analysis. Results: The mean age of the patients was 51.32±10.4 years. A significant positive correlation of serum magnesium was found with serum cholesterol (r= 0.35, p=0.01) and serum high-density lipoproteins (r=0.35, p=0.02). No correlation was found between serum magnesium levels and the age of the newly diagnosed patients of type II diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The significant findings of the study concluded the positive correlation of serum magnesium levels with high density lipoproteins and total cholesterol, but this correlation is weak. More elaborate prospective studies are needed to further study on this aspect. Keywords-Type II Diabetes Mellitus, HbA1C, Serum Magnesium, Lipid profile. Introduction Diabetes is the most common endocrinal disorder seen in clinical practise. India has already become the 'Diabetic Capital' of the world. The rising number of people of type II diabetes mellitus is expected to be more than 300 million people globally by 2025 [1] . Type II diabetes mellitus and lipid abnormality go hand in hand. Findings typically are elevated total cholesterol, VLDL, TG concentration and lower HDL-c and predominance of small dense LDL particles [2] . Remnant's of TG rich lipoproteins seem to be atherogenic [3] . The pro-atherogenic properties of small dense LDL particles may relate to their ability to penetrate the arterial wall, thereby, making them more susceptible to oxidation, and thus indirectly linked with coronary artery disease [4] [5] . Diabetes http://jmscr.igmpublication.org/home/ ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v7i8.69


Fat droplets are abundantly detectable as cellular inclusion in the interrenal glands of marine elasmobranchs. On the contrary, the glands of teleosts are devoid of these droplets. South American freshwater stingrays Potamotrygon spp. have resided in freshwater environment for very long periods. Consequently, they have abandoned urea retention and their constituents of body fluids are similar to those of teleosts in fresh water. Using six specimens of the stingrays, the present investigation was done to clarify whether the histochemical feature of the interrenal gland is teleostean type or marine elasmobranch. As the result, considerable amount of fat droplets was detected in the cells by Oil Red O stain. This indicates that the interrenal gland of the fresh-water stingrays is also of the marine elasmobranch type, even though the stingrays have been isolated far back in the past from marine environment.


Investigations of photoluminescence, its temperature dependence, Raman scattering and IR absorption spectra were done for the study of the photoluminescence mechanism in porous silicon and Si enriched silicon oxide films. Red (1.6-1.7 eV) and orange (1.9-2.2 eV) photoluminescence bands are observed in both objects. Comparative investigations indicate that an oxide defect related mechanism is involved in the emission of PL bands in Si wires and silicon oxide films. Photoluminescence excitation mechanisms are discussed as well.


[Objective]To know the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Rencheng District to provide scientific foundation for the future work of controlling and eliminating the disease.[Methods]The approach of descriptive epidemiology was adopted to analyse the incidence of measles;ELISA was adopted in the serology diagnostic method.[Results]46 cases were confirmed among the total reported cases;the annual incidence of measles was 1.88/100 000. People of each age group ranging from 0 to 45 years old all took on the symptom of mesales,and people under 15 years old accounted for 63.04% of the total cases. The majority of patients were children and students;the season of the incidence peak was with a tendency of time ahead;the preschool children aged 0 to 7 and vaccinated for more than one time against the disease only accounted for 15.22% of the total cases.[Conclusion]In the control of measles,prioriety should be given to the improvement and maintaining of the high vaccination rate as well as high immune rate of measles vaccination,as well as the monitoring of measles.


The content of free glycerin in bio-diesel is one of important targets to evaluate bio-diesel.In the study,by using high capacity C18 SPE column to remain the major component(long-chain fatty acid alkyl ester) in bio-diesel in order to eliminate its interfering to determination of glycerin.Free glycerin was elated by methanol,then methanol was evaporated,and after that a certain amount of methanol mobile phase was used to dissolve the glycerin.The dissolved glycerin was analyzed by HPLC.The method not only could meet the demand of testing free glycerin in bio-diesel by GB/T 20828-2007,but also be convenient and fast.It could be used to analyze free glycerin in various bio-diesel.The average recoveries of two samples ranged from 95.7% to 105.7% while the relative standard deviation was 0.6%-8.8 %(n=6).The LOD was 0.042 mg/mL(S/N=3).


Inhibition of the growth of bacteria by sodium nitrite is largely dependent on the pH of the substrate upon which they are cultivated. Thus at pH 6.0, 0.02 per cent of sodium nitrite may entirely inhibit or strongly retard growth, while at pH 7.0 little or no inhibition is in evidence. There is a marked variation in the susceptibility of different bacteria to nitrite, and there appears to be no definite relationship between its effect in retarding growth and in inhibiting aerobic respiration.


The Centre Spatial of Liege (CSL) is involved from more than 10 years in the BTDF/BRRDF metrology of large Lambertian diffusers used for on-board calibration on space instrumentation. In this context, a dedicated automatized BSDF calibration facility has been developed, suitable for calibration of all types of diffusers (from industry to space applications). Accurate calibration of such systems induces constraining requirements on the calibration bench: manipulate large diffusers and mechanisms in class ISO5 environment; incidence beam divergence close to the Sun divergence; large spectral range coverage; measurement of very low diffused signals (highly stable, with low noise, straylight free set-up), high accurate measurement of attenuator and a high knowledge of all calibration properties for BSDF modelling. Based on previous heritage, recent improvements have been implemented in order to correct some defaults like mechanical stabilities (complete new design), specimen alignment (new iterative procedure), absolute error (super stable light bulb, improved filters wheel repeatability, optics to limit diffraction effects in UV, incidence beam non-uniformity compensation …). This paper presents the design of the improved bench, highlights critical parameters for BTDF/BRDF calibration and relates main improvements to reach todays performances. The current bench performances are illustrated by calibration campaigns results performed at CSL for Sentinel 2, Sentinel 3 and Sentinel 4 calibration assemblies.


PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Delayed puberty in men is a commonly presenting problem to paediatricians and an understanding of the available evidence on cause, treatments and outcomes is important to guide practice. RECENT FINDINGS: Understanding of the regulation of the onset of puberty is gradually unfolding, although the genetic factors that dictate the timing of puberty in individuals and families remain poorly elucidated. Mutations and polymorphisms in candidate genes are being actively studied and it is likely that there is significant overlap between traditional diagnostic categories. Also, environmental endocrine disruptors may interact with the genetic regulation of puberty. Delayed puberty may not always be a benign condition, with increased risks of failing to achieve target height, adverse psychological and educational consequences, delayed sexual and psychosocial integration into society and effects on skeletal proportions and bone mass reported. Appropriate evaluation and follow-up is needed to guide clinical practice, particularly to distinguish constitutional delay in growth and puberty from that associated with other medical disease or permanent disorders. SUMMARY: In milder cases of delayed puberty, treatment is often not required; however, considerable evidence exists for the efficacy and safety of short courses of low-dose testosterone therapy for appropriately selected individuals. This treatment is associated with high levels of patient satisfaction. There is not yet sufficient evidence for the routine use of other therapies (e.g. growth hormone, aromatase inhibitors) for constitutional delay in growth and puberty and better characterization of cause may lead to more targeted individual therapy. 2. Artini, P.G., O.M. Di Berardino, G. Simi, F. Papini, M. Ruggiero, P. Monteleone, and V. Cela. "Best methods for identif ication and treatment of PCOS." Minerva Ginecologica 62.1 (2010): 33-48. Abstract The polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) includes a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms and signs. Three different diagnostic classifications have been proposed to define this disease. The first one, published in 1990, known as the "NIH criteria" requires the simultaneous presence of hyperandrogenism and menstrual dysfunction in order to diagnose PCOS. Later on, in 2003, an expert panel met in Rotterdam and added to the previous criteria the presence of polycystic ovarian morphology detected by transvaginal ultrasonography. The later classification broadened the spectrum of PCOS and also included women with oligomenorrhea and PCO without hyperandrogenism or hyperandrogenism and PCO without menstrual dysfunction. Finally, the Androgen Excess Society, published in 2006 new diagnostic criteria which required the presence of clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, with either PCO or menstrual dysfunction to diagnose PCOS. This review focuses on the diagnostic techniques and methods of treatment for PCOS patients. Special attention is given to the role of insulin resistance and the potential utility of insulin sensitizers in management of the syndrome. The benefit and utmost importance of lifestyle modification for the long-term health of these women is stressed as well. It is hoped that some clarity in this regard will allow more women to not only be diagnosed and managed properly for their presenting symptoms (hirsutism, irregular menses, etc.), but also to be educated and managed for the continuing health risk of insulin resistance throughout their lives.The polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) includes a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms and signs. Three different diagnostic classifications have been proposed to define this disease. The first one, published in 1990, known as the "NIH criteria" requires the simultaneous presence of hyperandrogenism and menstrual dysfunction in order to diagnose PCOS. Later on, in 2003, an expert panel met in Rotterdam and added to the previous criteria the presence of polycystic ovarian morphology detected by transvaginal ultrasonography. The later classification broadened the spectrum of PCOS and also included women with oligomenorrhea and PCO without hyperandrogenism or hyperandrogenism and PCO without menstrual dysfunction. Finally, the Androgen Excess Society, published in 2006 new diagnostic criteria which required the presence of clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, with either PCO or menstrual dysfunction to diagnose PCOS. This review focuses on the diagnostic techniques and methods of treatment for PCOS patients. Special attention is given to the role of insulin resistance and the potential utility of insulin sensitizers in management of the syndrome. The benefit and utmost importance of lifestyle modification for the long-term health of these women is stressed as well. It is hoped that some clarity in this regard will allow more women to not only be diagnosed and managed properly for their presenting symptoms (hirsutism, irregular menses, etc.), but also to be educated and managed for the continuing health risk of insulin resistance throughout their lives. 3. Bedognetti, D., A. Rubagotti, G. Zoppoli, and F. Boccardo. "Gynaecomastia: the anastrozole paradox." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism 23.1-2 (2010): 205-206. (No Abstract Available) 4. Cernich, J., J.D. Jacobson, W.V. Moore, and J. Popovic. "Use of aromatase inhibitors in children with short stature." Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews 2.1 (2004): 2-7. Abstract Estrogen has been shown to have an important role in skeletal maturation in both males and females. The use of aromatase inhibitors may provide a means to delay skeletal maturation and increase final height in children with short stature. These medications have been used primarily in women with breast carcinoma and also in children with autonomous estrogen production, such as patients with McCune-Albright Syndrome. Several studies have evaluated the safety and metabolic effects in adults. A few studies in children have evaluated the efficacy and safety of these medications. These studies demonstrate a beneficial effect on bone age advancement and predicted adult height. Other studies have evaluated the effects on bone mineral density, lipid metabolism and adrenal function in children. This review summarizes the studies in the pediatric population and some of the metabolic effects in adults.Estrogen has been shown to have an important role in skeletal maturation in both males and females. The use of aromatase inhibitors may provide a means to delay skeletal maturation and increase final height in children with short stature. These medications have been used primarily in women with breast carcinoma and also in children with autonomous estrogen production, such as patients with McCune-Albright Syndrome. Several studies have evaluated the safety and metabolic effects in adults. A few studies in children have evaluated the efficacy and safety of these medications. These studies demonstrate a beneficial effect on bone age advancement and predicted adult height. Other studies have evaluated the effects on bone mineral density, lipid metabolism and adrenal function in children. This review summarizes the studies in the pediatric population and some of the metabolic effects in adults. 5. Chagin, A.S., and L. Sävendahl. "Oestrogen receptors and linear bone growth." Acta Paediatrica 96.9 (2007): 1275-1279. Abstract In this review we summarize available data regarding linear growth in oestrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha)and oestrogen receptor beta (ERbeta)-deficient mice. We discuss these findings in relation to known oestrogenic effects in humans and the possibility of applying this knowledge for the therapeutic modulation of longitudinal bone growth employing selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). We conclude that SERMs potentially could offer new possibilities to modulate bone growth by specifically targeting different oestrogen receptors within the growth plate.In this review we summarize available data regarding linear growth in oestrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha)and oestrogen receptor beta (ERbeta)-deficient mice. We discuss these findings in relation to known oestrogenic effects in humans and the possibility of applying this knowledge for the therapeutic modulation of longitudinal bone growth employing selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). We conclude that SERMs potentially could offer new possibilities to modulate bone growth by specifically targeting different oestrogen receptors within the growth plate. 6. Damiani, D. "Pharmacological management of children with short stature: the role of aromatase inhibitors." Jornal de Pediatria 83.5 Supplement (2007): S172-177. Abstract OBJECTIVE: To review the use of aromatase inhibitors, a novel treatment strategy for patients with short stature, which aims at delaying bone age advancement. Skeletal maturation is estrogendependent even in male children. SOURCES: We performed a MEDLINE search of studies published in the last 10 years, including aromatase, short stature, and early puberty as keywords. The most informative articles on indications, dosages, treatment schedules, and side effects of aromatase inhibitors were included in the review. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: It has become increasingly clear that bone age advancement depends on the production of estrogen and its effect on the growth plate. In boys, testosterone is converted to estradiol by the cytochrome P450 enzyme aromatase. The use of aromatase inhibitors has been shown to be effective in prolonging the length of the growth phase in children with idiopathic short stature, constitutional growth delay, delayed puberty, as well as in children with growth hormone deficiency, in which bone age advancement jeopardizes the results of hormonal replacement therapy with growth hormones. As yet, significant adverse effects have not been reported, and results are encouraging in terms of effective increase in height, whenever the indica


A numerical simulation shows that as the beams become compressed, clumps (where beams press against one another) "annihilate" upon contact with holes (open spaces between beams). Lighter colors indicate regions of higher stored bending energy. In this simulation, the vertical space is fixed, and the beams grow longer with time, whereas in the experiments, the beam lengths are fixed, and the vertical space decreases with time.


Repetitive nerve stimulation is a simple and widely used technique to demonstrate neuromuscular transmission defect. A significant decremental response for repetitive hypoglossal nerve stimulation was obtained from the surface recordings in the tongue of a patient with dysarthria and dysphagia. Repetitive hypoglossal nerve stimulation test may be useful in diagnosis of myasthenia gravis with bulbar symptoms only. We utilized repetitive hypoglossal nerve stimulation with tongue recordings and diagnosed a case of myasthenia gravis.


The effect that interference between resolved resonances has on averaging multigroup cross sections is examined for thermal reactor-type problems. A simple and efficient numerical scheme is presented to correct a preprocessed multigroup library for interference effects. The procedure is implemented in a ''design-oriented'' lattice physics computer code and compared with rigorous numerical calculations. The approximate method for computing resonance interference correction factors is applied to obtaining fine group cross sections for a homogeneous uranium-plutonium mixture and a uranium oxide lattice. It was found that some fine group cross sections are changed by more than 40% due to resonance interference. The change in resonance interference correction factors due to burnup of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) fuel pin is examined and found to be small. The effect of resolved resonance interference on collapsed broad group cross sections for thermal reactor calculations is discussed. It is found that the /sup 238/U and /sup 235/U epithermal cross sections are fairly insensitive to interference effects, but the /sup 239/Pu value increases about 3.5% and the /sup 240/Pu value decreases by more than 7% for a PWR pin.


This study presents the application of a Sequence-to-Sequence (Seq2Seq) recurrent neural network for estimating porosity log data by leveraging information from other logs. The effectiveness of this technique in simulating porosity for heterogeneous reservoirs is demonstrated by employing data from the Yamama Formation in the Faihaa Oil field in southern Iraq. Four wells in the field were used for the model training and evaluation, where input data comprised density, neutron, gamma-ray, and porosity logs. The model's performance was assessed using absolute percentage, and root means squared errors, and the results were compared against actual data, revealing a significant correlation. These results establish the Seq2Seq recurrent neural network model as a superior option for predicting reservoir porosity from other good log data. They could have practical implications in estimating porosity for petroleum calculations.
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The present invention provides a flip GaInP / GaAs / Ge / Ge four-junction solar cell comprising a bonding layer of Ge or InGaAs supporting substrate, the supporting substrate surface and sequentially disposed, a second Ge subcell, the first tunneling junction, Ge subcell first, second tunneling junction GaAs subcell, third tunneling junction, GaInP subcell and the GaAs contact layer. The present invention also provides a method for preparing a flip GaInP / GaAs / Ge / Ge four-junction solar cell, comprising the steps of: a) providing a GaAs substrate; 2) surface of the GaAs growth substrate or sequentially grown Al0.3Ga0.7As sacrificial layer GaInP, GaAs contact layer, GaInP subcell, third tunneling junction, GaAs subcell, the second tunneling junction, Ge subcell first, a first tunneling junction, the second Ge or InGaAs and Ge subcell the bonding layer; 3) providing a supporting substrate; 4) bonding a support substrate to the surface of the Ge or InGaAs bonding layer; 5) from the GaAs layer and the GaAs substrate contacting or GaInP Al0.3Ga0.7As removing the sacrificial layer to peel the GaAs substrate and the sacrificial layer Al0.3Ga0.7As or GaInP.


The Need The 1967 Supplement to the High Interest-Low Vocabulary Booklist goes to press, not only at a time when more good books for children and young people than ever before are being written and published but at a time when the excitement surrounding the acquisition and use of materials of all types is at an all-time high: when teaching methods are changing rapidly so as to depend heavily on varied library materials, when expansion of the central school library is at the top of many a priority list, and when, for probably the first time in history, the pressures of time for selecting and purchasing materials for every aspect of the school program in many places exceedthe problems of supplying the funds. For the first time in history, materials are potentially easily available within the school in considerable quantity for every purpose, whether the school be large or small, rich or poor, remote or in the middle of the largest city. The teacher has opportunities never before presented for quality instruction involving the use of materials and provision of books geared to.the needs of each and every youngster in the classroom,-and the pressures of time challenge those opportunities on every hand. The need therefore is even greater than ten years ago for a list which will help the teacher match the right book to the right child not only for purposes of remedial work and reading practice but in relation to each separate area of the curriculum, and for each different topic studied. In every classroom the range of reading abilities is wide; and that range is increasingly recognized by the teacher. The differences of youngsters in background and interests are ever increasing. In addition, the range of topics studied and the depth to which each is pursued are greater than ever before. These factors, combined with the tremendous quantities of materials flooding the market and the pressure on teacher and administrator for utilizing available funds promptly point up the need for carefully selectedgraded lists of many kinds in order to utilize fully the opportunities available.


The present invention provides a secondary battery comprising: a cathode having a current collector coated with a cathode material containing a cathode active material; an anode having a current collector coated with an anode material containing an anode active material, the anode comprising a carbon-based material and a silicone-based compound; and an electrolyte containing a lithium salt and a non-aqueous solvent, the electrolyte comprising a cyclic carbonate and/or linear solvent, and the secondary battery exhibits excellent lifespan characteristics and stability.


In the article detailed elements of cooperation different subdivisions militia of public safety and criminal militia to the questions of preventive juvenile delinquency, learned experience of coordination activity agencies of the internal affairs with other institutions of state system of preventive juvenile delinquency in Russian Federation, offers variants of optimization detailed sphere of activity.


Ever-shrinking dimensions of transistors in CMOS have caused the failure rates/probabilities to increase dramatically. Monte Carlo simulations are one way of estimation the failure probabilities, however, such simulations tend to be very time-consuming. A much speedier alternative is to use models for the estimation. This paper presents a method for creating the mathematical models for the probabilities of failures of CMOS logic gates/blocks. The models of five common gates are included, i.e., NAND3, NAND4, NOR3, NOR4 and OAI22. The models can also be used to study the sensitivity of the gates' failures to their individual transistors' failures. The presented technique is applicable to larger logic cells such as 28-transistor full-adders, etc. The given models are anticipated to be useful for Pareto-optimization of logic blocks, for instance, power-and-reliability, performance-and-reliability etc.


Tephrosia vogelii Hook.f. is a species of the family Fabaceae (Leguminoceae). These plants are termed ′′Polongpolongan′′ in Indonesia, and are known to contain active flavonoid groups. Previous studies have shown the isolation of one known flavanone: isolonchocarpin from methanol extract, and the structure obtained was established based on chemical evidence as well as spectroscopic methods, including NMR, and also by a comparison with published data. This research is aimed at evaluating the cytotoxic property of methanol extract against larvae of Arthemia salina Leach, using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The results show potent cytotoxicity at LC50 of 41.40 ppm. Keyword: Arthemia salina Leach., cytotoxic activity, Fabaceae, flavanone, Tephrosia vogelii Hook.f. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v6i2.17551


This paper is based on actual experiences of our institute in supporting city councils and public organisations aiming to stimulate the broadband access evolution. It highlights the current situation in the Netherlands and stimulates the discussion of the possible roles of government in modern countries. It gives a new and comprehensive overview of the relation and interdependency between broadband access infrastructure, broadband services and requirements of public organisations.


Objective To increase the sensitivity of cervical cancer screening by using DNA quantitative cytology. Methods A total of 20 000 women were involved in this study. Cervical samples were taken by a cervical brush. Monolayer of cells were deposited onto microscopic sl ides by liquid-based sampling preparation. Two slides were prepared from each case: one slide was stained by Papanicolaou stain for conventional cytology examinatio n, while the other slide was stained by Feulgen method for determination of amou n t of DNA using an automated DNA imaging cytometry. Results All ca ses of LSIL,HSIL and cancer decided by conventional cytology and all cases with DNA amount greater than 5C (DNA Index2.5) cells decided by automated DNA imagi ng cytometry were sent to colposcopy and biopsy. A total of 1016 women were follow e d by colposcopic examination where biop s ies were taken. The sensitivity of 82% at specificity of 71% were calculated for DNA quantitative cytology and sensitivity of 52% at 92% specificity for conventi onal cytology. Conclusion The screening for high grade cervica l neoplastic lesions and cervical cancer by fully automated imaging cytometry co uld be higher sensitivity under certain specificity.


Context. Many interpretations of observations with the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) operating aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) have suggested that there are variations in particle velocity distributions. In this paper, we investigate their spectropolarimetric signatures. Aims. We uncover the spectropolarimetric signatures of anisotropic velocity distribution functions after a line-of-sight (LOS) integration of both the 1215.16 Å Lα line and the 1032 Å O vi line. Methods. We perform a forward modelling of the resonance scattering of neutral hydrogen atoms and O5+ ions in the presence of anisotropic velocity distribution functions using a self-consistent 2.5-dimensional, magnetohydrodynamics global coronal model. We analyse the most important observables in spectropolarimetry, i.e., the rotation of the plane of linear polarisation, and de-or hyperpolarisation after a LOS integration. Results. The spectropolarimetric signatures of anisotropic velocity distributions do survive the LOS integration, and are to be found in the region where there are non-radial solar outflows, i.e., from mid-way between the poles and the equator and down to the equator, in some cases starting from the photosphere all the way out to almost 2 R . We consider the cases of w⊥ = 2w and w‖ = w or w⊥ = w and w‖ = 2w, where w is the local thermal velocity of either neutral hydrogen atoms or O5+ ions, and where w⊥ and w‖ characterise the perpendicular and parallel distributions of the components of the velocity with respect to the magnetic field, respectively. We find that the rotation angles reach values of roughly ±15 degrees, and should in principle be measurable. Conclusions. Our results show that it should be possible to distinguish anisotropic velocity distribution functions on the condition that one samples as extensive a region of the plane of the sky as possible. The effects of the anisotropy are in most cases seen all the way out to 2 R , and we therefore recommend that the observations be made as far away from the photosphere as possible in order to avoid the possible contamination by active regions. It will in most cases, however, be extremely hard to determine the sense of the anisotropy using only spectropolarimetry.


Providing a cutting method for obtaining a glass substrate having a mechanical strength and cleanliness. The combined converging point is irradiated with laser light in the glass substrate with two translucent surfaces facing in the thickness direction along the line to cut the glass substrate, the thickness direction inside the glass substrate forming a scratch region serving as a cutting start, the scratch area to generate cracks generated in the thickness direction of the glass substrate as a starting point, and cutting the glass substrate along the line to cut, the a method for cutting a glass substrate comprising, the scratch area is spaced apart from at least one of the translucent surface.


The fundamental relationship between the concentration of suspended sediment , C , of a river and its water discharge , Q , during floods is studied qualitatively by analyzing temporal graphics and hysteresis curves ( C-Q) graphics . The study of 20 floods of both gauging stations in the Wadi Mina watershed is much more oriented toward the graphics and statistics that would give the development graph of C and Q. Analysis of the hysteresis effect on the relationship , concentration - liquid flow , enabled through a series of chronological events to characterize the relationship ( C-Q) , to develop a classification of this relationship , and emerge models dominant hysteresis loop . The models clockwise direction , counterclockwise direction and figure-eight are the most dominants in the Wadi Mina watershed , for both Wadi El - Abtal and Sidi AEK Djilali gauging stations. The hysteresis analysis by class showed the relative absence of the seasonal effect on the shape of the loop obtained. The Autumn, Winter and Spring seasons have heterogeneous classes due to the heterogeneity of the basin, in terms of lithology and spatial distribution of rainfall (irregular rainfall-runoff regime of the basin), and the spread of the summer period.