Chromosome substitution series are useful tools for precise mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and for the evaluation of gene action as a single factor or in the case of gene interactions. In this study, we produced reciprocal sets of chromoseme segment substitution lines (CSSLs) between Asominori (Japonica) and IR24 (Indica) in cultivated rice, Ot),za sativa L. A set of chromosome segment substitution lines carries a single or a few donor chromosome segments overlapping with neighboring segments in a uniform genetic background. Reciprocal sets were developed by repeated backcrossing to respective recurrent parents and DNA markerassisted seleetions. The sets consisted of a series of 70 lines ofAsominori CSSLs with IR24 genetie background (designated as `IAS') and a series of 91 lines of IR24 CSSLs with Asomineri genetic background (designated as `AIS'). These sllbstitution series represented most of the genome of the donor parents on the alien genetic backgrounds. Each of the substitution lines was nearly isogenic to the recurrent parent: the average proportions


The Saudi Arabian climate, generally speaking, is known to be hot and arid. Even with its extensive energy resources, Saudi Arabia is not immune to the demands of climate change. Over 50% of the country's electricity is consumed by residential buildings. For economic, fiscal, and environmental reasons, government policy is to stem the profligate use of finite energy resources. It is incumbent on the Saudi building industry to adapt to changing conditions by re-assessing the choice of materials and the design and lay-out of new buildings to help quell demands for air-conditioning during the hotter parts of the year. Throughout the country, electricity consumption doubles in the summer months. Given this situation, this study explores the indoor thermal environment typical of residential buildings. The study selected one house located in a hot dry climatic region as a case study. The features of the house were assessed to determine the permeable features that require improvement. Two main methods used to evaluate indoor thermal conditions are physical measurements and computer modelling. Instruments were used to monitor the house during both summer and winter months. Thermal analysis software was used to model the thermal properties of the house for two purposes, first, to assess the thermal performance of the case-study building, and second, to identify areas in which improvements could be made using proposed alternative materials. Different parts of the building were simulated using different material combinations to achieve the optimal cooling reduction. The findings suggest that the cooling load can be reduced of up to 56.4%. Consequently, the intensity of the proposed annual cooling for the chosen house was predicted to be 79.7 kWh/m2/y.


A fragile, block-wise, and content-based watermarking for image authentication and recovery is presented. In this scheme, the watermark of each block is an encrypted form of its signature, which includes the block location, a content-feature of another block, and a CRC checksum. While the CRC checksum is to authenticating the signature, the mixture of the location indices of one block with the feature of a randomly selected block complicates the VQ attack. The encryption further strengthens the security. That all security parameters are user dependent and can be computed at both ends individually based on Diffie-Hellman key exchange method makes the scheme not only robust against collage attack but also truly oblivious. The experiments demonstrate that our scheme can detect and localize any tampering of size 8/spl times/8 pixels and above and can recover a 40% damaged image to an intelligible one with 24 dB. As for incidentally manipulated images, our scheme can invalidate all the blocks but does not further degrade the images. Comparing with the scheme of Celik et al. (2002), ours has better tamper localization accuracy while trading off 2-3 dB of the PSNR of watermarked images for recovery.


Objective The larvae of Potosia brevitarsis were found killed by a pathogen in the compost in Huangzhuang village of Tai′an,Shandong province in 2008.The body of infected Potosia brevitarsis was covered with gray-green mould.Subsequently,a strain of fungi numbered M-08 was obtained by isolation and purification.Test was performed in attempt to prove its pathogenicity.Method The isolated and purified fungi strain M-08 was identified by conventional methods based on its morphology and culture characters.Result The identification result showed that M-08 belongs to Metarhizium naisopliae Metsch Sorokin Var anisopliae Tlloch.The result of the virulence test showed that the death rate of Potosia brevitarsis was as high as 93.3%~100%.Conclusion The strain of Metarhizium naisopliae Metsch Sorokin Var majos(Johnston) Tulloch shows a high toxicity,which may suggest good application prospects.


Power distribution grids are currently challenged by observability issues due to limited metering infrastructure. On the other hand, smart meter data, including local voltage magnitudes and power injections, are collected at grid nodes with renewable generation and demand-response programs. A power flow-based approach using these data is put forth here to infer the unknown power injections at non-metered grid nodes. Exploiting the control capabilities of smart inverters and the relative time-invariance of conventional loads, the idea is to solve the non-linear power flow equations jointly over two system realizations. An intuitive condition pertaining to the graph of the underlying grid is shown to be necessary and sufficient for the local identifiability of this task. The derived graph theoretic criterion can be checked efficiently and is numerically verified under realistic scenarios on the IEEE 13-bus feeder.


Criticality studies of fast breeder reactors of spherical geometry within the two-group diffusion approximation are reported. Each reactor is supposed to consist of several homogeneous concentric zones of different compositions. The two-group neutron flux equations are rigorously solved for an arbitrary zone, and a criterion is given for the determination of the character of the zone. Further, a solution whtch can be evaluated numerically is obtained for the neutron flux spectrnm over the entire reactor range. This solution is normalized to the maximum reactor power density. Numerical results are reported for two- and three-zone fast reactors corresponding to several fissile material and fertile material strategies. Calculations have been made for 118 reactors of small dimensions, each reactor containing a same given amount of fertile material, for which the diffusion approximation is known to lie valid. The obtained results show that three-zone reactors are more advantageous than the usual two-zone reactors. from the point of view of the breeding properties. (auth)


The European regulation on novel foods and novel food ingredients from 1997 prohibits the marketing of novel foods unless authorization is granted. The legally binding time-periods from the currently applicable authorization procedure have been often broken and exceeded in the last years. Cat-and-mouse games between the different responsible institutions and special national interests have caused authorization periods of several years. The still existing simplified notification procedure for novel foods that are substantial equivalent to existing foods facilitates the market entry for products without timely authorization procedure. The actual proposal of the EU Commission for revision of the Novel Foods Regulation shall accelerate the authorization procedure, improve the access of new and safe foods from third countries and protect applicants from potential free-riders. The amended definitions of the current Commission proposal are mainly adaptations to actual legislations, esp. Regulation (EC) No. 178/2002, but they are often imprecise and need some further clarification in the coming legislative procedure. A critical review of the current authorization procedure demonstrates that the proposed centralized procedure will lead to consistent evaluation standards of novel food applications in the future. The new authorization procedure will set clear time limits for all steps of the process. However, it is currently not clear if the proposed new regime will shorten the time in reality. Likewise the future will show, if the proposed simplified market access for products from third countries will work or if reasoned objections of some member states will force applicants to step into a full authorization procedure.


Objective:To explore the prospects of application of multimedia in acupuncture.Methods:To discuss the four aspects of application of multimedia in the area of acupuncture.Results:It has got a good basis for application of multimedia in acupuncture.Conclusions:Multimedia will in the area of acupuncture in the future.


Sepsis is a growing problem worldwide with a relatively high mortality rate. Immediate treatment is required, necessitating quick and accurate diagnosis. This quasi-experimental study aimed to explore the effectiveness of Septic Patient Early Goal-directed Therapy Guideline in intensive care unit, Uttaradit Hospital. Thirty-five septic patients were enrolled before implementation of the EGDT guideline between Jan-May 2012 and 35 septic patients were enrolled during implementation of the EGDT guideline between Jul-Oct 2012. The instruments were consisted of the EGDT Nursing Practice Guideline and the outcome measurement form. Data were analyzed using chi- square and independent t-test with significant level at 0.05. The results revealed statistically significant findings that the patients during implementation of the EGDT guideline getting vasopressors (p = 0.014), getting blood cultures prior to antibiotics (p = 0.015) and getting antibiotics within 1 hour after diagnosis (p = 0.011) more than patients before using guideline. Mean medical expense increased from 194,608.27 baht to 217,045 baht (p = 0.021) but not different on length of hospital stay (p = 0.376) and mortality rate (p = 0.550), although patients during implementation had more severe condition (p = 0.036). In conclusion, implementation of EGDT guideline in septic patients has no change in mortality even though patients get worse status but has a substantial impact on increased cost.


April 10-15, 2016 Abstract The performance of a reversible pump turbine with S-shaped characteristics is of great harmful to the transient processes such as start-up and load rejection. When working point transition is required, then process in turbine mode must be fast, efficient and reliable. Especially during start-up, the machine must operate at a stable speed close to the no-load condition (i.e. close to the runaway characteristic) in a large operating head range while not involving a special stabilizing technique and all synchronized guide vanes are open slightly. When pump turbine operates in "S" zone, two direction flow phenomena such as turbine direction and pump direction coexist in the flow passage together and the interaction effect between turbine and pump flow is responsible for "S" zone. Many vortexes are formed because the interaction, furthermore, the vortex cause energy loss and discharge fluctuation. In order to improve the "S" characteristics of model pump-turbine and improve the safety margin of prototype pump-turbine, a criterion which can be used to justify whether pump turbine may operate in the "S" zone on model design is proposed. The criterion is the guide vane outflow angle is larger than impeller installed angle at no-load working point at different guide vane opening. When the guide vane outflow angle is larger than runner blade geometry installed angle at leading edge (high pressure side), the "S" zone will be removed from operation zone. How to explain this phenomenon? In fact, when the guide vane outflow angle increases, the flow discharge increase, so the main flow at turbine direction covers the main passage and the instability source such as pumping effect (the partial flow is from runner to guide vane which is like the pump mode, but at the same time the main flow is turbine mode) is suppressed, finally the S-shaped is improved.


Objective To investigate the etiologies, clinical features and risk factors of children with shock in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), and seek the clinical classification of shock Methods One hundred and sixteen children with shock in PICU from January 1996 to December 1997 were identified and retrospectively analyzed Results The morbidity and mortality of shock were 19 5% and 42 2%, respectively Of 75% shock cases were related with external, internal and iatrogenic factors According to multivariate analysis, the following factors that independently and significantly related to shock mortality were identified: organ hypoperfusion for over 12hr, shock more than 8hr, PaO 2/FiO 2250 and re occurrence of shock Shock was divided into complicated and simple types according to whether or not presence of chronic diseases and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) related with shock There were 70 cases of complicated shock with a mortality of 71%, and 46 cases of simple shock with a mortality of 39% The difference in mortality between the two types of shock was significant (χ 2=11 970, P 0 001) Conclusion The pathogenesis of shock in PICU was associated with combined factors of external, internal and iatrogenic There were significant differences in clinical manifestations and outcome between complicated and simple types of shock Standardization of the diagnosis and classification of shock may be of benefit to early recognition of shock, determination of treating strategy, and the comparation among the mortality, morbidity treatment efficacy of shock


Helicobacter pylori is a spiral-shaped,microaerophilic and Gram negative bacillus that causes chronic gastritis,peptic ulcer diseases and is suspected to be involved in the genesis of gastric cancer.The aim was to discuss the biological characteristics of Lactobacillus plantarum 18 with antagonistic activity against H.pylori.The results showed that L.plantarum 18 could grow in the low acid conditions,survive in the simulated gastric juice,and inhibit the growth of H.pylori.Biological characteristics research of L.plantarum 18 showed that the logarithmic time was from 4th hour to 14th hour,the optimum growth pH was 5~7,the optimum growth temperature was 30~37℃,the optimum inoculated concentration was 1%~2%(V/V),and the tolerance level of bile salt was 0.2%(V/V).


The paper tries to interpret Doris Lessing's The Memoirs of a Survivor from the perspective of R.D.Laing's two key concepts of Ontological Insecurity and Existential Concern,by analyzing the two female characters in the novel,namely Emily and the Speaker "I",so as to find a new approach to appreciate Lessing's work.


It is true that most proportions of Africans livestock production and productivities are declined when the climate condition is not comfortable. Therefore this review was conducted to show the impacts of climate change on livestock production and productivities. The climate change especially global warming may highly influence production performance of farm animals throughout the world. While there has been occasional mention, in the global discussion on climate change there has generally been a dearth of attention paid to the animal production and productivities impacts of the proposed abatement options and some of the suggested livestock management approaches would have severe and wide-ranging impacts on the animal's products. This is on the background that the impact of climate change on crops is well known, much less is known about the impact of climate change on livestock. Unfortunately, livestock production and productivities assumes an overriding emphasis as one of the core sectors to solve the current food challenges and bringing future food sustainability in developing countries. Out of all the factors influencing livestock production, climate, and location are undoubtedly the most significant. Climate change will have far-reaching consequences for animal production, especially in vulnerable parts of the world where it is vital for nutrition and livelihoods. The impact of climate change can heighten the vulnerability of livestock systems and exacerbate existing stresses upon them, such as drought. Parasites and diseases are among the most severe factors that impact livestock production and productivity. Animal diseases have great impact on food supplies, trade and commerce, and human health globally. Animal genetic diversity is critical for food security and rural development. It allows farmers to select stocks or develop new breeds in response to changing


The difficulties of clearly distinguishing private and social rented housing in a western European context are set out. The issues are illustrated by information for Germany and France. It is argued that comparative housing tenure data can be misleading and that distinctions in terms of ownership are of less significance for resource allocation than the specifics of the relationship between the state and the housing market. The significant production, distribution, pricing, subsidy and profit issues as they relate to rented housing are identified. The policy implications of an approach which is resource allocation rather than tenure orientated is outlined.


In 2002 Friends celebrated the 350th anniversary of the beginning of Quakerism in Britain. Throughout 2004 Irish Friends held a number of events commemorating the 350th anniversary of the coming ofQuakerism to Ireland. Quakerism first appeared on the American mainland in 1 656, so that 2006 marks the 350th anniversary of the earliest Quaker communities along the Atlantic coast. Where and in what order did these first American Quaker communities appear? Some years ago Quaker History presented an exchange of views on the location ofAmerica's earliest Quaker community. Part of the difference of opinion stemmed from what the title "Virginia" meant at the middle of the 1650s. Inmy 1996 article "America's First Quakers-Where, When, andBy Whom?" I discussed the testimony of cartographers who in 1612 saw all of the British-claimed American mainland as belonging to an area known as "Virginia."1 After the New England Company was established and settlements were erected there, the northern area was "hived off and was then called "New England"—leaving the whole region from the Hudson River southward to Cape Fear in North Carolina under the name of "Virginia." This was still the situation throughout the 1650s.2 The generic name "Virginia" throughout the 1650s included not only the present states of Virginia and Maryland, but also additional areas to the north and south of those two regions. Examples from Quaker documents show this usage still held true throughout the 1650s and into the 1660s, noting 1660-1662 references to "Maryland in Virginia" as well as John Perrot's 1660 reference to the "Continent ofVirginia." To those examples we should add one as late as 1 673 dealing with Fox' s visit to America, where James Lancaster's account ofFox's travels is described as "made inVirginia [in] that part called Maryland."3 Cf. Carroll, "America's First Quakers," 5 1 , for these references which show that "Virginia" was still seen as the larger region in which Maryland was located; George Fox, The Journal ofGeorge Fox, a revised edition by John L. Nickalls (Cambridge: The University Press, 1952), 639, for this passage which shows that as late as 1673 some Quakers still thought of "Virginia" as a region which included Maryland. Nowhere in any ofthe many 1 650s and 1 660s maps which I saw or in any of the early Quaker documents is the term "olde Virginia" (which to me "smacks" of an antiquarian addition or reproduction) to be found.


A GPS network of 36 sites consisting of sites of the German Reference Network (GREF) together with selected IGS and EUREF sites has been processed to establish homogeneous coordinate time series. In a first step the years 2001 and 2002 have been computed, in the meantime the time span 2000.0 – 2003.99 is at our disposal. Ocean loading signatures are observed with a significant signal-to-noise ratio at each site while not correcting for ocean loading. Using the GOT00.2 corrections a complete cancelling of the listed tides has been reached. Amplitudes and phases of annual period in the vertical component at different stations enables a grouping of sites into Mediterranean and East European clusters. This conclusion is confirmed by an annual period also in the horizontal displacements. The sites show different polarization and their phase differences suggest, together with the vertical displacements, a loading process with annual period.


ABSTRACT Close relationships usually exist among biomass accumulation, nutrient uptake, and seed yield during the growing season. Field experiments with pea (Pisum sativum L.) and lentil (Lens cultinaris L.) were conducted in 1998 and 1999 at Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada, to determine relationships of biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake with days after emergence (DAE) or growing degree days (GDD). For both biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake, maximum rates and amounts increased with time at early growth stages and reached a maximum value at late growth stages. The R2 values for cubic polynomial regressions were highly significant, indicating their suitability to estimate the progression of biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake as a function of days after emergence (DAE). Both pulse crops followed a similar pattern in biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake, which increased in the early growth stages and reached a maximum late in the growth cycle. Pulse crops usually reached their maximum biomass accumulation rate and amount at early to late bud formation (42–56 DAE or 390–577 GDD) and at medium pod formation to early seed filling (75–82 DAE or 848–858 GDD) growth stages, respectively. Maximum biomass accumulation rate was 175–215 kg ha− 1d−1 for pea and 109–140 kg ha− 1d− 1 for lentil. Maximum nutrient uptake rate and amount usually occurred at branching to early bud formation (28–49 DAE or 206–498 GDD) and at the flowering to seed filling (66–85 DAE or 672–986 GDD) growth stages, respectively. Maximum uptake rate of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S), respectively, was 4.6–4.9, 0.4–0.5, 5.0–5.3 and 0.3 kg ha− 1d− 1 for pea, and 2.4–3.8, 0.2–0.3, 2.0–3.4 and 0.2 kg ha− 1d− 1 for lentil. In general, maximum nutrient uptake rate and amount occurred earlier than maximum biomass accumulation rate and amount, respectively; and the maximum accumulation rates of both biomass and nutrients occurred earlier than maximum amounts. The findings suggest that adequate supply of nutrients from soil and fertilizers at early growth stages, and translocation of biomass and nutrients to seed at later growth stages are of great importance for high seed yield of pulse crops.


We report the optical and magneto-optical properties of K2V3O8 ,a nS=1/2quasi-two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet. Local spin density approximation electronic structure calculations are used to assign the observed excitations and analyze the field-dependent features. Two large magneto-optical effects, centered at 1.19 and 2.5 eV, are attributed to field-induced changes in the V 4+ d →d on-site excitations due to modification of the local crystal field environment of the VO5 square pyramids with applied magnetic field. Taken together, the evidence for a soft lattice, the presence of vibrational fine structure on the sharp 1.19 eV magnetooptical feature, and the fact that these optical excitations are due to transitions from a nearly pure spinpolarized V d state to hybridized states involving both V and O, suggest that the magneto-dielectric effect in K2V3O8 is driven by strong lattice coupling.


This study investigates effects of harmonization between words' meanings and their auditory characteristics, including sound pictograms in addition to voice qualities, on processing of spoken words, using word-fragment completion task (WFC). The experiment was executed by learning and test paradigm with three within-participant factors: harmonization at learning (harmonized/ non-harmonized), harmonization at test (harmonized, non-harmonized, or new-and-neutral) and word learning (old/new). Four types of voice qualities were made for the experiment for each word: cute, mature, scary, or neutral, same as in Miyashiro & Harada (2013). Four sound pictograms were digitally composed and corresponded to four kinds of voice qualities respectively. Results of WFC as a cued-recall test showed that the harmonization at learning caused the increment of word learning. It implies that the sound pictogram's harmonization facilitates processing of words especially though explicit memory.


VideoClipQuests (VCQs) are a teaching-learning approach focused on the learner's self-activity while information is collected by searching the Internet, similar (but far from identical) to the well-established concept of WebQuests. They also share some of the key ideas of Anchored Instruction while being much easier to handle and adapt. Basically, a VCQ consists of a video clip embedded into a web page and one or more tasks that are related to the video. The central idea is to avoid the fundamental terms of the subject dealt with. In other words, the task must be verbalized in such a way that it cannot be completely understood without watching the video–an approach called "Mask the Task" in this chapter. In order to perform the task, the learner has to watch the video and look for a first cue as a starting point. Only with this cue is it possible to completely understand the task and to go after the solution. From a psychological point of view, a VCQ confronts the learners with an insolvable task that they want to transfer into a solvable one. In such a situation, motivation can evolve easily, which is one of the main driving forces of learning.


Recent hardware advances allow more signal processing functionality to be integrated into a single chip. In sensor networks, the wireless nodes are typically operated with small batteries for which their replacement, when not impossible, is very difficult and expensive. Thus, minimizing the energy consumption of transmitting sensor nodes is an important issue on the design of such communication systems. The previous work in the literature proposes modulation as well as coding optimization considering uncoded and coded bit error rate (BER) of M-ary QAM as well as its average mutual information. However, these approaches do not address the coded case with finite frame length, which is always the case in practical systems. In this paper, we consider a design of coding and modulation that minimizes the transmit circuit energy under finite codeword length constraint of capacity-approaching channel codes and analyze its performance through simulation using regular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes in a point-to-point communication link. The results are also compared with those of information-theoretic analysis based on the mutual information rate.


A larger number of users work from a desktop computer and use their smartphones, tablets, and home computers to communicate, buy, organize, and store sensitive information. With the growth of the adoption of the Internet for tasks such as online banking and shopping, an increased focus has been given on the development of tools that enable secure transactions. This manuscript proposes the usage of direction of arrival estimation tools to provide continuous authentication. The location of a user within the network can be estimated by using triangulation of the user's wireless signal. The location estimates can be used to track a user's movement within a wireless network. The movement pattern can then be analyzed for possible indicators of fraud.


This is an announcement of the joint paper [1] with David Burns and Takamichi Sano. In the present paper, we report on the recent progress on the theory of higher rank Euler, Kolyvagin and Stark systems. We modify the definitions of the higher rank Euler, Kolyvagin and Stark systems by using the exterior bi-dual, and improve the theory of higher rank Kolyvagin and Stark systems studied by Mazur and Rubin. In particular, we prove the existence of a canonical higher Kolyvagin derivative homomorphism.


This study attempts to look into the energetic status of demersal fish species with their maturity stages and evaluate their energetic condition. Demersal fish species from wild were captured, total length and weight of each fish were measured and gonads were observed, weighted and collected with fish flesh. Gonadosomatic index, water content of gonad and flesh and gonadal and somatic caloric values were measured. Gonadosomatic index varies between 0.16 (Plectohinchus pictus) and 7.53 (Sphyraena jello). The percent water content of gonad ranging between 3.61 (Trichiurus lepturus) and 99.06 (Sphyraena jello) and percent somatic water content varies between 31.46 (Epinephelus sexfasciatus) and 85.95 (Arius maculates). The gonadal energy content varies between 2136 cal/g (Priacanthus tayenus) and 6173 cal/g (Trixiphichthys weberi). Similarly, somatic energy content was also variable, ranging from 2429 cal/g (H. pictus) to 5581 cal/g (Epinephelus sexfasciatus). Mature fish contains more energy in their gonad and less energy in their muscle.


Conventional methods of data acquisition are being challenged by new engineering philosophies as well as the availability of integrated circuits and other advances in hardware. The frequency?domain approach, in which analogue voltages are converted to frequencies at source, shows great promise, and eliminates many of the problems associated with analogue-digital conversion and relay scanning. As new design philosophies for data-acquisition equipment emerge, so new types of application are made possible.


According to the disadvantages of the recent current transformer in reliability stability and accuracy, which is caused by analog transmission and the shortage of the complex cabling with many nodes in the signal of current transformer, a three-phase power current transformer based on CAN transmission is designed. The design ideas and basic composition of the current transformer is intrduced in this paper. The hardware and software design are also presented by the analysis of the measured physical quantities. By test analysis of the current transformer, it shows that the current transformer is designed reasonably, and its precision meet the requirements of control indexes of electric power system and it can be applied in digital monitoring system of other areas.


A static aerated Compost Reactor (CR) was developed in Kitele, Kenya, and used for evaluating the efficacy of generating, extraction, and utilization of compost heat as a source of clean energy. A Compost Heat Exchanger (COHE), hydronically operated, was developed in order to extract and transfer the heat. Energy generated by the compost reactor was calculated, using temperature profiles, captured by the TC-08 data loggers via the K type (PTFE) thermocouples. Heated water to 55°C was obtainable. The total extracted energy from compost was and 174 kWh.


It is no doubt that cultivated land plays an irreplaceable role in ensuring the food security of China. Unfortunately, there are many factors that will exert negative or positive influence on cultivated land. With globalization, the international socio-economic environment and food security ideas have greatly changed, which have brought about many impacts on cultivated land utilization. Therefore, this paper mainly discusses the determinant of cultivated land utilization in China, and then countermeasures for feasible land use are presented. It is suggested that cultivated land areas in Western China should not be expanded and the role of key grain-production regions, such as the Nenjiang Plain, the Sanjiang Plain, the Huaibei Low Plain, the Jianghuai District, the Poyanghu Lake Plain, The Dongtinghu Lake Plain, the Jianghan Plain and the Sichuan Basin, should be strengthened. From this perspective, infrastructure construction should be strengthened in the main grain-production regions in order to encourage the peasants' enthusiasm to yield grain. Finally, it is argued the cultivated land should be used according to regional comparative advantage and, thereby, agricultural regions with competitive agricultural products can be formed.


In this article, we present three methods for the keystroke dynamic authentication problem. We use in the first method, the average and the standard deviation, in the second the rhythm of striking and in the third, a comparison of the times order. After having presented these methods, we propose to realize a fusion of them. The results obtained indicate good performance of each method alone, as well as a significant improvement of performance with fusion, from 3.43% of EER for the best method alone down-to 1.8% with fusion.


The mathematics of analogues to the Koide formula is explored. In this context, a naturally occurring alternative to the Koide formula is shown to fit not only the tau-electron mass ratio, but also the muon-electron mass ratio.


Optical network-on-chip (ONoC) can be used as the communication backbone for high performance chip multiprocessors (CMPs). Fat tree based ONoC shows high throughput, small delay and low power consumption. However, the traditional floorplan design of fat tree based ONoC has a large number of waveguide crossings because of the fat tree topology. In this paper, we present an optimized floorplan with the least number of waveguide crossings that has been reported. The average number of waveguide crossings per optical path in the optimized floorplan is 87% less than that in traditional floorplan for a 64-core CMP. We also find the optimal aspect ratio of cores to minimize the end-to-end delay. These work could help to ease the physical implementation of fat tree based ONoC for CMP.


Summary Ten high scorers and 10 low scorers on a Lie Scale read either a highly salient article or one of low saliency while being recorded on videotape in order to assess the effects of these variables on their reading rates and bodily movements. There were no effects of the saliency variation, but the high lie-scale subjects made more movements and read at a faster rate than did the low lie-scale subjects.


Interaction is communication that happens through more than two people for getting the information, and the interaction is the way for the lecturer in the teaching-learning process in the classroom. Interaction involves all participants in the classroom which are lecturer and students. This study aims to know students' perception of lecturer-students in EFL classroom interaction at the fourth-semester students of the English department at STKIP Bina Bangsa Getsempena Banda Aceh. This study used a questionnaire to get the data and used a descriptive qualitative design to analyze data. The data were collected by giving a set of a questionnaire (20 questions). The result of this research based on the students' perception is described the teaching-learning process in the classroom was good enough and the students feel comfortable and surely they like lecturer's teaching method. The classroom interaction in the EFL classroom is good because the lecturer used not only English but also Indonesia to stimulate the students in understanding what the lecturer explained. Keywords: Perception, Interaction, EFL


The term Carboniferous was created as a stratigraphical term by Conybeare & Phillips
(1822) for strata present in England and Wales and was first referred to as a System by
Phillips (1835). The original definition of the Carboniferous included the Old Red
Sandstone. With the establishment of the Devonian System in 1839 the Old Red Sandstone
was removed from the Carboniferous and placed in the Devonian.
Broad similarities within the successions of Britain and Ireland with the rest of Western
Europe have allowed development of a regionally applicable chronostratigraphy. Munier-
Chalmas & de Lapparent (1893) originally divided the Carboniferous of Western Europe
into the Dinantian, Westphalian and Stephanian. Later, the lower part of the Westphalian
was redefined as the Namurian and both were identified as stages (Jongmans 1928). The
Namurian, Westphalian and Stephanian stages do not represent global faunal or floral
events, but were chosen to represent prominent facies variations and palaeogeographic
separations in Western Europe.


The material's stress-strain relationship is obtained by analyzing the stress-strain curves of 214Cr1Mo steel and its welded joint under atmospheric temperature and high temperature. Based on the elastic and plastic finite element method and EPRI engineering assessment method, the failure assessment curves(FAC) of 214Cr1Mo steel and its welded joint are drawn. At the same time the results are compared with R6 curve. This work supplies the technological support with the defect assessment of 214Cr1Mo steel and its welded joint.


ABSTRACT This essay tests the framework of ecocinema for the films of Terrence Malick, engaging the preoccupation with natural elements and environments that characterizes his work. Exploring this interface motivates certain key innovations to ecocinema as it is familiarly formulated. First, it expands the received picture of film's eco-aesthetic, to consider formal strategies and effects that are as much corrosive as contemplative, with a special emphasis on montage. Second, this discussion also proposes a refreshed interpretive practice that highlights ecocinema's phenomenological inflection, positioning it as an attentiveness to the shared contours of the world and as an expression of wonder at this situation. Serving as a detailed case study, a close analysis of Malick's To The Wonder (2012) reads the film a distinctly phenomenological project, tracing the contours of lived experience in ways that are permeating and complex.


Despite the high frequency and severe morbidity and death rates associated with cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains woefully understudied. The majority of current practice recommendations are based on tiny underpowered prospective trials, retrospective evaluations, and the assumption that patients with chronic kidney disease would benefit equally from drugs and therapies as those with normal renal function. Furthermore, due to the prior absence of a clear definition of chronic kidney disease and how to quantify renal function, definitions of the degree of renal impairment have varied greatly, further complicating the data. Surprisingly, despite the fact that patients with chronic kidney disease are at higher risk of cardiovascular problems than those with diabetes mellitus, patients with chronic kidney disease are routinely excluded from therapeutic studies. Improvements in renal dosage guideline compliance are required in all areas where data is available, based on limited published data. All studies dealing with renal dosage guideline adherence in inpatient, long-term care, or ambulatory settings were considered. Six articles that met our inclusion criteria were examined. More research is needed to determine the appropriateness of renal dosage in ambulatory settings and to guide quality improvement initiatives across the board. The paper uses the concept of support vector machine and artificial neural network to predict Chronic Kidney Disease. The proposed algorithm has yielded better results in predicting Chronic Kidney Disease.


This article seeks to explore the hermeneutics of metric dissonance by examining the association between displacement or syncopation-type conflicts and Romantic longing (Sehnsucht) in the German Lied. It includes close readings of music-text relations in four specific songs: the 'Wandrers Nachtlied II' (Goethe/Schubert); 'Intermezzo' (Eichendorff/Schumann); 'Immer leiser wird mein Schlummer' (Lingg/Brahms); and 'Unterm Schutz' (George/Schoenberg). The primary methodology for the process of metric analysis derives from the work of Harald Krebs.

The article as a whole traces changes both in the use of displacement dissonance, and in the nature of Sehnsucht, as well as correlations between the two over the course of the 'long nineteenth century'. The four analyses as a group outline an historical progression of 'introduction' (in Schubert), 'intensification' (in Schumann), 'complication' (in Brahms) and 'refraction' (in Schoenberg). The study thereby combines a history of metric dissonance – one of the recurring elements of nineteenth-century style – with that of Sehnsucht – one of the most prominent features of Romantic consciousness.


SUMMARY Gynaecomastia is a common and well‐recognised side‐effect of anabolic steroid abuse in athletes. A staging system is proposed and a technique of excision under local anaesthetic described. Careful selection of cases and the use of meticulous technique can achieve good cosmetic results, without risk of recurrence of gynaecomastia.


Information system audit is collecting and evaluating the proofs to judge whether a information system can effectively protect assets,maintain the integrity of data,accomplish the objectives of organizations and meanwhile employ the resources.Information system audit is a key measure for the promotion of our country's informalization.Study and mastery of the crucial technology of information system audit,including both auditing and evaluating of the information system,can better develop the work of the information system audit,and can gradually promote the process of our country's informalization in every field.


We investigate possible problems with universality in lattice gauge theory where a mixed fundamental SU(2) and SO(3)-invariant gauge group is used: the (second order) finite temperature phase transition becomes involved with first order effects with increased SO(3) coupling, and this first order effect has a noticeable coupling dependence for small lattices. We produce evidence that the first order transition is essentially bulk in nature as generally believed, and that the finite temperature effects start to separate out from the lower end of the bulk effects for a lattice of 8 sites in the finite temperature direction. We strengthen our picture of the first order effects as artefacts by using an improved action: this shifts the end point of the first order line away from the fundamental SU(2) axis.


A highly sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of organophosphorous insecticide, chlorpyrifos, which is widely used. This method is carried out on the basis of alkaline hydrolysis of chlorpyrifos to 1, 2, 4- trichloropyridine (TCP), followed by coupling with diazotized 2-amino-8-hydroxy quinoline in alkaline medium. The absorption maxima of the orange dye formed was measured at 420 nm. Beer's law was obeyed over the concentration range of 1 µg to 8 µg (0.01-0.08 mgL - 1 ) in a final solution of 10 mL. The molar absorptivity, Sandell's sensitivity and Correlation coefficient was found to be 9.04 x 10 9 mol -1 cm -1 , 0.010 µg cm -2 and 0.897 respectively. The Standard deviation and Relative standard deviation are 0.00811 and 2.45%.The method was simple, cheap, sensitive and selective. The method was satisfactorily applied to the determination of chlorpyrifos in various environmental and biological samples.


By analyzing a serial problems of the technical innovation facing today by enterprise and after giving the general direction in which the technical innovation research theory moves to,this thesis provides a new look in the system arrangement together with the combination of production,education and the research findings.


Economic prosperity and technological advance are closely associated with the cultivation of talents. The key to the sustainable development of western China lies in talents. The sound circulation of these people can promote the sound development of the region. This article discusses the present situation of the development of talents and the paths of sustainable cultivation of talents.


An overview of freshwater quality in West and Central Africa is proposed by reviewing recent selected literature. Water quality degradation in the region is mainly attributable to: anthropogenic activities, communities' socio-economic conditions and natural sources. Surface and groundwater contamination by organic matters, Escherichia coli, nitrates, phosphates, pesticides, hydrocarbons, heavy metals and fluorine ions are reported. In cash crop production areas, the large quantities of pesticides and fertilizers used explain residues in the ground and surface water in many countries. Unsafe domestic wastes are an important source of water pollution in capital cities due to overcrowding, poverty, and low sanitation in precarious neighbourhood areas. Eutrophication is seasonally observed in lakes or lagoons with high concentrations of nitrates in urban areas. The challenges to overcome are a promotion of strategic research with a high diffusion level, pollution prevention measures which include the behaviours of all communities through the application of laws and respect of norms, an allocation of financial support for water analysis and treatment, and suitable sanitation for health preservation. To face the pollution of freshwater by pesticides residues, fluorine and arsenic ions, intensive research based on local natural materials for cheap and easy water purification technologies is a priority.


Based on the theory of controlled rolling,experiments and research have been carried out on the phase transformation of the overcooling austenite of 40 Cr steel.The CCT curve of the steel has been established through thermecmastor test,and thereupon such a few important process parameters as the threading-up temperature,Stelmor speed,open and close of the fan and thermal insulation cover determined.


The photoreactivity of 2,5-distyrylpyrazine (DSP) in methanolic solutions has been investigated using various spectroscopic and kinetic methods. The effect of the excitation wavelength has also been studied: light of wavelength λ= 403 nm induces a photo-oligomerization process whereas light of wavelength λ= 365 nm causes both photo-oligomerization and photopolymerization processes. These two processes are manifested as two stages in the reaction. The photo-oligomerization stage is characterized by higher values of quantum yield for chemical reaction (ϕ= 1.8 at 30 °C) and a higher energy of activation compared with the photopolymerization stage. The pattern of change in the absorption spectra of DSP solutions as a result of excitation with light of λ= 365 nm depends upon the exciting light intensity. A sharp isosbestic point at 287 nm is obtained when high light fluxes (ca. 7.57 × 10–7 ein min–1) are applied, whereas three isosbestic points are obtained at 350, 325 and 287 nm on applying low light fluxes (ca. 5 × 10–8 ein min–1) or by applying 403 nm light regardless of its intensity.The photo-oligomerization stage undergoes a power kinetic law and has an activation energy Ea= 38.4 ± 1.5 kJ mol–1, an activation enthalpy ΔH*= 36.9 ± 1.5 kJ mol–1 and an activation entropy ΔS*=–184.3 ± 0.3 J K–1 mol–1.The photopolymerization stage obeys second-order kinetics with activation parameters: Ea= 16.0 ± 1.0 kJ mol–1, ΔH*= 13.6 ± 1.0 kJ mol–1 and ΔS*=–240.2 ± 0.3 J K–1 mol–1. The energy of activation in both cases accounts for a diffusion-controlled process that brings the monomer molecules to a spatial configuration conductive for the photocycloaddition of the olefinic double bonds. The highly negative values of the entropies of activation in both stages indicate that the activated states are highly ordered compared with the ground states. A mechanism for the reaction has been postulated that is based on a two-centre attack by an excited DSP monomer molecule on two ground-state molecules during the photo-oligomerization stage. A stepwise mechanism prevails in the photopolymerization stage.Both the fluorescence and excitation spectra of DSP in methanolic solution decrease in intensity as the u.v. irradiation time increases, indicating that the photoproducts have no detectable fluorescence in this spectral region.


This article presents an investigation based on in‐depth interviews with 33 university students and eight discussion groups, aimed at finding out which discourses and positions mobilize college students in terms of social networking practices. It analyses how they construct meanings and question or legitimize their own actions or those of others, and how they contribute to the creation of different moral orders with reference to the relational practices that occur at the university and professional levels. Based on information provided by the students, it was found that they used three positions in relation to networking practices, the socio‐affective, pragmatic and context‐contingent. Some of the implications of these positions for the development of university career and guidance programmes are also analysed.


The impact of infestation with Trichoderma aggressivum f. europeanum and Trichoderma longibrachiatum isolates on the yield- ing of three wild strains and one cultivated strain of Coprinus comatus was investigated. A significant yield reduction of C. comatus on substrates infested with the examined Trichoderma isolates was determined. The recorded percentage yield reduction was significantly higher in the case of the infestation with the T. aggressivum than with the T. longibrachiatum isolate.


The aim of this research was to analyze the relationship between stressful events, coping, and emotion regulation in adolescents from marginalized settings. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 523 adolescents aged 13 to 15 years. The Global Scale of Perceived Stress for Adolescents, the Coping Scale for Adolescents, and the Multidimensional Scale of Emotion Regulation for Adolescents, were used. Several mediation models were tested considering whether coping mediated the relationship between stressful events and emotion regulation responses, or, on contrary, emotion regulation assumes a mediating role between stressful events and coping. Data indicate significant direct and indirect effects in all models, with the highest explained variance in the models which included emotion regulation as a mediating variable. Results are discussed considering the role of coping and emotion regulation as mediating variables, and their relationship with diverse stressful events. In this research, emotion regulation strategies lead to adolescent coping.


The partitioning of total electron density into localized molecular orbitals (LMOs) within the source function framework is presented as an exploit useful to the characterization of noncovalent interactions. The resulting approach uses only a converged LMO base as input and does not require grid data handling or numerical integration, making it viable for the study of large systems. Tests conducted on a series of prototypical hydrogen and halogen bonds demonstrate that this descriptor retrieves chemically intuitive interaction motifs beyond the classical two-center picture. Advantages and disadvantages of different localization schemes are discussed in terms of their peculiar description of σ-π mixing and in terms of their inherent basis set dependence.


Many kinds of communication and data-transmitting systems have used data communications equipment (DCE) to exchange information. The special-purpose DCE has a very important practical value. This work proposed the circuit design for a new kind of mini-type distance data exchange device. It consists of a small number of integrated circuits, telephone dial device, modulation device, central processing unit, button input device and display device. The system and circuit design is described in detail. It can be used to transmit data through a public switched telephone network. It is suitable for constructing a mini scale communication network at low cost for data transmission through the PSTN.


In the present paper we discuss how trans-Planckian physics affects the inflationary vacuum fluctuation or the primordial density perturbation and leaves a specific imprint on the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The inflationary trans-Planckian problem has been under debate and these is a variety of conclusions in literature. Here we consider this problem by using the two-point correlation function 〈 δφ 〉 of the non-minimally coupled scalar fields and constructing the effective potential in curved spacetime. We point out that in the UV regime the quantum fluctuation does not drastically change even in de Sitter spacetime and the trans-Planckian corrections can be embedded in effective potential. Thus, the UV sensitivity on the primordial density perturbation is sufficiently sequestered and we only receive a tiny trans-Planckian imprint on the CMB in contrast with previous suggestions. However, the trans-Planckian corrections give a strong impact on the fine-tuning problems of the inflaton potential and also inflationary vacuum fluctuation. We simply obtain a inflationary conjecture ΛUV H/g where g is the interaction coupling at the UV scale ΛUV.


The time-dependent effects of piezoceramic material under the constant electric field are analyzed. The new rate-dependent ferroelectroelastic phenomenological model is proposed and compared with known models and experimental data.


Background: Contraceptives are methods used to prevent pregnancies because of coitus. It is a major determinant of pregnancy and birth rates worldwide. Nigeria, like many other developing countries has a low prevalence rate of contraception, hence, the need to improve awareness and availability of modern contraceptives to reduce the unmet need and avail our women the opportunity to enjoy the numerous benefits derivable from it. Aim: To determine the prevalence, awareness and barriers to contraceptive uptake among the rural women. Materials & Method: It was a cross-sectional study of women of reproductive age in Achi. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit respondents from the communities in the town. A questionnaire administered by the interviewer was used to collect relevant data, which was subsequently analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 computer software for Windows. The result was presented using tables, means and percentages. Result: Four hundred and twenty two (422) women were recruited into the study. Majority of them were 25-29 years (34.6%) whereas the least were 15-19 years (4.33%) of this number, 68.2% had secondary education and majority of them farmers (27.5%). About 40% were orthodox Christians and the rest Catholics and Pentecostals. Also, 316 (74.9%) of the women did not use any contraceptive method giving us a contraceptive prevalence of 25.1%. Two hundred and eight (49.3%) had 3 to 4 surviving children while only 43 (0.2%) had no child. Most the women on contraceptives used injectables,(11.1%), 4.7% used implants and only 0.2% used oral pills. Of the possible reasons for non-acceptance considered majority had fear of carcinogenesis 133(31.5%), followed by husbands' opposition 110(26.1%) while 19(4.5%) considered contraceptives unhealthy. Conclusion: There is still a low prevalence of contraception in Achi suggesting a high burden of unmet contraceptive needs. Efforts should be channelled towards unravelling the remote and immediate causes of the low prevalence so as to proffer a lasting solution to the problem.


Barkley, Director of Psychology and Professor of Psychiatry andNeurology at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, has delivered once again. With the assistance of 17 colleagues, he has assembled another authoritative and comprehensive text in the area of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Broad in scope, Barkley covers theory, practice and research with children and adults, spanning decades of research and clinical advance to shed light on what is a heterogeneous and still elusive disorder. ADHD is often misunderstood for multiple reasons and there is need for such a volume as this. While no one text can be all things to all readers, understandably, some shortcomings remain. As follow-up to its two predecessors (1981; 1990), Barkley takes readers beyond the ongoing controversy over ADHD as a meaningful entity, moving boldly ahead toward a unified theory involving a hypothesized core neuropsychological deficit, behavioral inhibition, and a variety of cognitive and behavioral manifestations. Further, ADHD is presented within a lifespan development perspective through infancy to adulthood. Additionally, the presented volume updates the significant contributions noted in previous editions (e.g., Anastopoulos, Cunningham, Robin, and Dupaul) and, this time, includes more collaborative authorships in the areas of diagnosis, assessment and treatment. Thus, once again Barkley fulfills his stated objective, to offer a state of the art research-based reference text in the interests of improved clinical diagnosis and treatment. Overall, particularly given the complexity of the subject matter, the writing is straight forward. Barkley's organization of the material flows well and the reader is left with a strong appreciation of progress made in the last 30 years as we stand at the brink of understanding this disorder. As with previous editions, this book is written


Frankliniella occidentalis  (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is an important pest in vegetable and ornamental greenhouse crops due their direct damage by feeding and indirect damage by vectoring Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV). Also, is very well known that they have an extremely high resistance to a wide range of insecticide. Thus by monitoring thrips population appropriate control plans can be established. Western flower thrips was reported in all greenhouses from Cluj County (Romania). In order to assess thrips population dynamic and color preference we conducted a research in a plastic greenhouse of 8000 m 2 placed outside of Cluj-Napoca where the main cultivated crops were tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum ) and the main thrips pest found was western flower thirps. During the sample period pest population was monitored weekly using two methods: by counting thrips trapped on five different colored sticky cards (blue, yellow, white, red and transparent) and by a technique based on leaves tapping. Data analysis showed no correlation between traps and tapping method. Blue and yellow traps had the highest attractiveness compared with all the others colors and between those, blue proved to be the most effective.


INTRODUCTION: The pulmonary trunk (PT) banding has been used to promote rapid left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in patients with transposition of the great vessels (TGV) with intact septum, treated after the neonatal period. This procedure carries a high morbidity and mortality rates. Genetic alterations of the cardiomyocytes resulting from acute hypertrophy have not been evaluated in models of variable systolic overload of the subpulmonary ventricle. In order to evaluate the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in acute right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, a balloon catheter was implanted in the PT of six young goats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Systolic overload was carried out throughout progressive balloon insufflations for a period of 96 hours. Hypertrophy was followed by daily hemodynamic and echocardiographic evaluations. At the end of the 96 hours, the animals were killed to harvest the heart. The ventricles and septum were weighted separately. Samples of each cardiac muscle were collected for ACE analysis. Eight goats (with similar age and weight) were used as control for weight and ACE activity. RESULTS: At the end of the protocol, the following parameters were increased: RV/PT gradient (p=0.001), RV to LV ratio (p=0.005), thickness of the free wall of RV (p=0.002) and RV weight (p=0.002). The evaluation of ACE activity showed an increase only in the hypertrophied RV muscle (p=0.002), indicating a high correlation with the increase in the RV to LV ratio (r=0.87). CONCLUSION: The progressive systolic overload in the RV of goats induces ventricular hypertrophy. This hypertrophy is related to a significant increase in ACE activity, an important molecular marker of this process.


The social act of conversation passes through routine procedures before it is achieved. This paper tries to find out the structure of face-to-face casual conversation openings and closings among the Akans. It also seeks to juxtapose the structure of face-to-face conversation to that of telephone conversation as proposed by Coronel-Molina (1998). 20 dyads of natural conversation from the residents of Amamoma are sampled for the study. Recordings of the conversations of residents of the community serve as the corpus for analysis of the study. The study considers the structure of openings in two forms: presence and absence of interlocutors, and that in whichever case we could have greetings and how-are-you sequence. The identification and recognition sequence only occurs in the absence of interlocutors. However, the closing section of conversations are categorized into three: introductory closings – announcing closure and new topic introduction/recapitulation, intermediate closings – future arrangements and transmitted greetings, and final closings – terminal exchanges. Also, even though conversations occur across different modes, that is, face-to-face and telephone, there seem to be some sort of generality and universality in the structures of conversation (especially, openings) that occur through those media.


The strategy a firm elects for its new product program is a critical element of the firm's corporate strategy. But little research has probed the performance results of firms' new product programs, and the strategy-performance link. This article reports the results of an empirical study of 122 firms, whose purpose was to identify the levels of new product performance achieved, and the strategies leading to different types of performance. Eight different performance gauges yielded three independent dimensions of new product performance. A total of five different types or clusters of "performers" were identified. And the strategies and characteristics that the "top performers" shared are described.


singly doped sample is at 543 nm and its afterglow persists for about 1 h. In the co-doped sample, the Ce excitation is transferred to Tb 31 ion with an energy transfer rate of 10 – 10 s in the high concentration samples. The Ce 31 energy transfer occurs during its afterglow decay, so that the Tb afterglow emission duration is also extended to about 10 h. Photoconductivity and thermoluminescence measurements have also been performed in these systems; the persistent sensitization of Tb 31 is also confirmed by these measurements. © 2003 American Institute of Physics. @DOI: 10.1063/1.1525860 #


This is a draft of a chapter which has been accepted for publication by Oxford University Press in the forthcoming book The Philosophy of Philip Kitcher edited by M.Couch and J.Pfeifer due for publication in 2015.


HE short vocabularies 111 to VIII were collected by me for a specific T purpose which should first be explained. They are so short as to have little linguistic value, but there was no time to do more in the course of a rapid tour of the peoples concerned. This accounts for the words selected. They were chosen as the easiest to comprehend through an unfamiliar medium. That is why, for example, "today" was omitted though both "yesterday" and "tomorrow" were included, as experience has shown that "today" may often be mistaken for "now" or "immediately" and vice versa in the first attempts a t securing a new vocabulary. For vocabularies 111, IV, V, and VI, Lotuko was used as the medium of interpretation and a Lotuko-speaking interpreter was employed, whom I was able to check by a slight knowledge of Lotuko and particularly of the Langol dialect of Lotuko. Vocabularies VII and VIII were obtained directly through the medium of Didinga, which is understood by a large number of the members of these two tribes. Vocabularies I and I1 have been included for the purpose of comparison, the former being extracted from Lord Raglan's paper "The Lotuko Language."* My purpose in collecting these vocabularies was to find some linguistic clue to the relationships of the various tribes, which would support or disprove certain theories I had formed on cultural grounds. This area was formerly the homeland of the Shilluk-speaking peoples, and from it the different tribes of the Nilotic family moved north and south after the dispersal in the fifteenth century. Ever since then different cultures have been in conflict here, and the mountains have preserved broken remnants of tribes isolated by the inundation of alien peoples into the more accessible plains. I do not here wish to enter into the larger question of the relation be-


In the present investigation, the bio-efficacy of dried tuberous roots of Shatavari was investigated with special reference to its antioxidant potential. The Shatavari is used as "Rasayanas" to enhance the body resistance against infections and improve the immune system. It is widely used for the treatment of various ailments as it contains many different phytochemicals. The notable medicinal properties of Shatavari are antispasmodic, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-allergic, anti-malarial, hepato-protective, anti-neoplastic activities, enhance immune responses. Antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of the dried tuberous roots of Asparagus racemosus (Asparagaceae family) were tested on the basis of DPPH ̇ (1,1diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl), Superoxide (O2-) radical, Hydroxyl (OH) radical, ABTS radical cation and reduction process such as Phosphomolybdenum reduction and Ferric (Fe) reducing power activity. The maximum DPPH ̇ radical, Superoxide (O2) radical, Hydroxyl (OH) radical scavenging activities were 49.32±0.41%, 56.83±0.28% and 77.98±0.15% at 120 μg/mL concentration and the IC50 values were 121.65 μg/mL, 106.83 μg/mL and 75.82 μg/mL concentrations respectively. The maximum Mo reduction and Fe reduction were 88.42±0.42% and 80.24±0.36% at 120 μg/mL concentration and the RC50 values were 15.45 μg/mL and 19.40 μg/mL concentrations respectively. The maximum ABTS radical cation scavenging activity was 83.56±0.43% at 12 μg/mL concentration and the IC50 value was 4.22 μg/mL concentration respectively. The GC-MS analysis of aqueous extract of the dried tuberous roots of Asparagus racemosus revealed the presence of 2-Phenyl-1,3-Cyclohexadiene, Flavone, Phenol,2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl) methyl]-, Piperazine-2,5-dione, 1,4-(4-methylphenyl)exhibiting therapeutic activities such as Antimicrobial activity, Antioxidant activity, Antimalarial activity, Immunomodulatory effect, Antiproliferative activity, Anxiolytic activity, Antialzheimer activity, etc.


(57) Abstract: One of the adenoviral vectors are adenoviral genome for reducing host immune and inflammatory responses to adenovirus vectors have been modified. In one embodiment, the adenoviral vector adenoviral 5 'ITR; an adenoviral 3' ITR; at least one DNA sequence coding for a protein or a polypeptide of interest; adenoviral encapsidation signal and proteins or promoters to control the DNA sequence encoding the polypeptide of interest. Adenoviral vector lacks all or part of each lacks all or part of the respective adenovirus E1 and E4 DNA sequences, or adenovirus E1 and E2 DNA sequences, or E1, E2 and E4 DNA sequences, respectively it lacks the whole or a part of. It is one of the producer cells for what is further disclosed and claimed to generate adenoviral vector particles, wherein the producer cell comprises adenovirus E1 DNA sequences and adenovirus E4 DNA sequences, or adenovirus E1 It includes DNA sequences and adenovirus E2a DNA sequence or containing adenovirus, E1, E2a and E4 DNA sequences.


This paper treats the S. cephalotes group and S. indubius group (Coleoptera: Steninae) from China and includes description of one new species: Stenus wujiei Lv, Zhao Zhou, sp. nov. from Hubei, China. S. detestabilis Puthz and S. hui Tang Puthz are newly recorded to Hubei Province. Their diagnostic characters are illustrated.


Fuel cell based power generation is emphasized due to its capability of supplying electricity in the areas where there are hardly any source of conventional or non-conventional power generating options to adopt. Moreover, the added advantage is that it can be used during peak loads. Fuel cell based power generation is well known due to its clean operation, transportability, suitability and flexibility for power generation. This paper gives the outlook of modeling of a fuel cell power generation system, a multilevel inverter and their control algorithms. The design system is used in isolated loads as well as grid connected system. Different carrier signals have been used with two different modulating signals for multilevel inverter for lowest Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in the output using seven levels and eleven level inverters. The inverter output is fed to consumer loads. The MATLAB/SIMULINK software is used for modeling this system. The developed fuel cell based distributed power generation system worked satisfactorily, when it is connected to grid and used in isolated mode or hybrid mode.


The development of information and communication technologies today is one of the main drivers of tourism progress as a global social phenomenon. Against this background, the migration of geographic information technologies to the Internet and expanding of their practical use (including in the tourism sector) in the form of cartographic and geographic information services is logical. However, the introduction of technologies is constrained by their low availability (financial, intellectual, etc.) for the consumer. The paper is devoted to the development of the technological basis for increasing the availability of creating and using tourist geoportals and interactive web-maps (for example, the Moscow region). The basis of the technology is the mechanism of improved educational and scientific activity of students of the higher education system in the direction of tourism through innovative project activities. The software framework was made by the free "Open Source" products: Leaflet, PostgreSQL/PostGIS, HTML and HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript. Design was carried out in 5 stages. The result was a tourist geoportal in the Moscow region. The main research methods were: modeling, comparative and descriptive methods, analysis and synthesis, analogies, etc.; the main research approaches were systemic, integrated, geographical and situational ones.


Media release by Independent Member, Loraine Braham, responding to the Australian Federal Government's intervention in Northern Territory Aboriginal communities over child sexual abuse.


This paper reports on a study of a design meeting between two architects and a blind user/expert. To make the design process more inclusive, and not have to rely solely on verbal descriptions, we created some visuo-haptic representational artifacts of the proposed design. The design process is studied in real time through an ethnography in combination with the use of video. Our analysis, following Interaction Analysis, focuses on the mediating aspects of objects in the actions, related interests mainly pay attention to sight and visually discernable interactions. However, similar processes occur in haptic explorations of a design proposal. The detailed analysis of the minute interactions between the actors in the situation reveals practices such as knowing and indicating to others where design elements are on the site, knowing what design element is being talked about, and holding the element and its environment "in place". They could be said to be the haptic equivalents to visual cognitive actions like deictic gestures and different practices of highlighting. The analysis further shows that the presence of visuo-haptic representations allows the blind user/expert to explore the spatial configuration of the design, designating with her hands her own parcours. A shift in agency from the architects and a verbal description towards the blind user/expert and a visuo-haptic representation enable the latter to enact a more autonomous participation in the design meeting. As such, our study shows that exploring inclusivity "upstream", i.e. in the design process, may contribute not only to inclusive design, but also to a more articulate understanding of the working of mediating objects and their use in architects' design processes in general, e.g. a better understanding of non-visual processes of action, perception and cognition. P.-W. VERMEERSCH, G. NIJS and A. HEYLIGHEN


For the first time, in situ direct cathodoluminescence observation of the formation of luminous dots with a particular spectral luminescence band at the intersection nodes of straight basal screw dislocations in GaN is reported. The formation of the nodes that luminesced at around 3.3 eV proceeded under electron beam excitation as a result of interaction between straight screw dislocations, which possessed an own luminescence band at 3.1–3.2 eV. Possible configurations of the structure of dislocation nodes for the perfect and for the dissociated dislocations are presented and discussed, together with the properties of intersection‐related luminescence (IRL). The origin of IRL is tentatively ascribed to the optical transition between electronic states of quantum dots formed by extended dislocation nodes, consisting of I2 stacking faults bounded by 30° partial dislocations.


The utilization of municipal solid waste (MSW) as a renewable resource could overcome waste disposal issues, generate power for fossil fuel displacement, and mitigate CO2 emissions from landfill. However, the availability of waste feedstock varies with the effectiveness of waste management while the profitability and the environmental impact are mostly dependent on the conversion technology, plant location, and plant capacity. This study aims to evaluate the complexity of waste-to-energy (WTE) supply chain networks for energy production and the CO2 mitigation potential through a spatially explicit approach. The Malaysian peninsular is selected as a case study area.
This study adapted the IIASA techno-economic engineering model for optimizing renewable energy systems (BeWhere) and developed a WTE optimization component. The model minimizes the full supply chain cost of WTE, optimizes the capacity and location of WTE production plants, and assesses the energy and by-product potentials. Several scenarios were designed to analyze the impact of energy and carbon mitigation potential of WTE with varying the fossil fuel prices or carbon tax in the supply chain.
The results show that incineration and hydrothermal for power production are the preferred options, primarily because of the low economic investment and the high energy conversion efficiency. Apart from the power as the main product, the system produces biofuel as by-product. It is found that most of the plants are installed in more highly populated cities with large potential for waste biomass, hence reducing logistical costs and emissions from transportation. The preliminary results show that WTE could be substituted for about 9% of the Malaysian power production following a business-as-usual scenario.
The study proved that BeWhere for MSW provides a robust spatial explicit solution for WTE with assessment of the energy production and CO2 mitigation potential.


The editors were made aware of several concerns pertaining to Figs. 1, 2, and 4 in [this article][1] ([1][2]). The Western blot images in Figs. 1 and 4 were prepared based on the acceptable standards at the time of submission. In Fig. 2C, duplicate migration/invasion assay images were used to


Epoxidation of styrene was catalyzed by some nickel(II) complexes, with NaOCl as the oxygen donor. The catalyst Ni(PA)(2). 2H(2)O has been found to be stable for the epoxidation of styrene. Some additives were introduced in the reaction to improve the "micro-environment" of the catalyst. Radical trap had little influence on styrene epoxidation. It was interesting to find that phase-transfer agent had negative influence on epoxidation in this biphase reaction. A possible mechanism of styrene epoxidation catalyzed by Ni(PA)(2). 2H(2)O has been proposed.


HE year 1841 was momentous in Canadian legislative history, and, among the statutes passed by the provincial legislature, by no means the least significant either in its evolution or its potentialities was that entitled "An act for the disposal of public lands "2. It was an indirect result of the wastefulness and maladministration of former systems of disposing of land, as well as evidence of the overpowering influence of the Wakefield group in the mother country. The instructions in 1837 from Lord Glenelg, the colonial secretary, directing the institution of a strict "cash in hand" land policy;3 the Upper Canada Land Act of the following year, which among other things made these instructions statutory; 4 and the Durham report, which in respect to land and immigration was a Wakefield document drawn up by Wakefield converts•--al! point conclusively to the fact that the colonial theorists held the ear of the Colonial Office. As a result, then, the new land system, instituted in 1841, of which it was fondly hoped the act of that year would form the cornerstone, was based in principle--but only in principle--upon the Wakefield system? One of the opening clauses of the statute reaffirmed the declaration in the Act of 1838 that "no free grants shall be made of any of the Public Lands of this Province to any person or persons whomsoever" As if in direct contradiction to this, section 27 gave power to the governor-in-council to make to British male subjects free


An analysis is made of experimental data developed during the last two years on the properties of "free" pi and mu mesons. The mass and lifetimes of pi and mu mesons, electron spectra in pi yields mu yields e decay, spatial electron distribution assymetry, lepton spirality and lepton charge conservation law. mu -meson magnetic moment, pi -meson electron decay, radiation decay of pi and mu mesons, and depolarization of mu mesons are discussed. 144 references. (R.V.J.)


WHO 2019 report on drinking water says that In 2017, 71% of the global population (5.3 billion people)used a safely managed drinking-water service – that is, one located on premises, available when needed, andfree from contamination.. Most countries, the proportions of piped and other-improved water supplies arefaecally contaminated sources due to lack of basic sanitary protection against contamination. Contaminatedwater is an important contributor to water borne disease including hepatitis A,cholera, typhoid, andpoliomyelitis.1 For people with enough water supply can treat their water at home after testing water qualityto ensure microbiological quality. Treating water at the household level or other point of use also reduces therisk of waterborne disease arising from recontamination during collection, transport, and use in the home.This article mainly focuses on need for water quality monitoring,water quality, types of water quality testingthe importance of water quality monitoring and reviews related to water quality testing.


Tianyang Maar Lake is an extinct ancient maar lake,and located in the southeast of the Leizhou Peninsula.Based on detailed observation of the integrated and continuous core of TY-2 well in the middle of the ancient maar lake,the wetland depositional sequences can be identified in the interval of 1.50~38.23 m core depth.Three paleoclimatic stages since 50 kaBP are revealed,which are warm middle Wurm Glacial Stage,cold late Wurm Glacial Stage,and warm-wet post-glacial stage.These climate changes are well comparable to the Pipa Lake,Caribbean Sea and the northern South China Sea.


Predicting mobile users' future traffic usage plays an important role for mobile operators to optimize their services. Although a variety of prediction methods have been proposed and applied to this issue, none of them could answer whether the users' traffic behaviors can be predicted. By employing the entropy theory, this paper analyzes the predictability of users' behaviors on traffic types and accounts. Moreover, the mobile network traffic data collected from a major city in China is utilized to test the entropy theory and reveal the accuracy levels. Furthermore, by comparing the prediction results between the years 2012 and 2014, a conclusion is drawn that a large portion of users' behaviors can be predicted, but their traffic usage habits become more difficult to predict in 2014 than in 2012. The results also imply that different entropies achieve more similar predictability in 2014 than in 2012, which indicates the consistency of users' behaviors. Overall, this study reveals the predictability and consistency of users' behavior, which is of great significance for mobile operators.


When the atomic force microscope (AFM) is used for force measurements, the driving speed typically does not exceed a few microns per second. However, it is possible to perform the AFM force experiment at much higher speed. In this article, theoretical calculations and experimental measurements are used to show that in such a dynamic regime the AFM cantilever can be significantly deflected due to viscous drag force. This suggests that in general the force balance used in a surface force apparatus does not apply to the dynamic force measurements with an AFM. We develop a number of models that can be used to estimate the deflection caused by viscous drag on a cantilever in various experimental situations. As a result, the conditions when this effect can be minimized or even suppressed are specified. This opens up a number of new possibilities to apply the standard AFM technique for studying dynamic phenomena in a thin gap.


This paper is aimed at analyzing the actual compatibility between the conventional principle of ne bis in idem and the so called "double track" of sanctions, with particular reference to the applicability of a double sanction, criminal and administrative, towards the same person for the same offence. After clarifying the importance of the principle of ne bis in idem in the national and supranational legal system, this research aims at defining the autonomous notion of "matiere penale", also in the light of the qualification of the administrative offenses and procedure as "substantially" criminal on the ground of the Engel criteria, as well as the concepts of "idem" and "bis", as set out by the Court of Strasbourg and largely accetped by the EU Court of Justice (and vice versa). Subsequently, this research tries to identify and highlight, as a suggestion, certain legal interpretations, in the framework of conflict of rules under national law, which comply with the indications set forth by the European Courts. Finally, some technical and legal solutions have been proposed to ensure the efficient functioning of the sanction system: in particular, one of the possible solutions could perhaps be identified in reserving only to the criminal courts the power to apply both penal and administrative punitive sanctions, in the context of a single proceeding which implies a global assessment of the conduct that it has actually been carried out.


Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Fredrick) seedlings (seed) treated with different concentrations of uniconazole (S-3307) were water stressed by withholding water for 2, 4 and 6 days. Subsequently, the water-stressed seedlings were exposed to heat shock at 45°C for 3 h. Chlorophyll fluorescence, stress-ethylene and percentage survival were the parameters used to monitor the efficacy of protection against thermal stress by uniconazole. In the control seedlings, water stress for 2 days prior to heat shock provided minimal protection, whereas uniconazole protected both water-stressed and non-stressed seedlings from heat injury. However, the degree of protection by uniconazole was enhanced if the seedlings were subjected to water stress (2–4 days) prior to the heat shock. In addition to protection against heat injury, uniconazole also reduced stress-induced (water and heat) ethytene levels.


In discussions of the rise, development, and prospects of capitalist social formations, two concepts are repeatedly used as primary analytical categories : the tendency toward a generalization of the production relation of free wage labor and the development of the productive forces. In critical historical analyses of contemporary industrialized countries, and particularly of the socalled developing countries, an opposing view is increasingly maintained: that neither the establishment of (free) wage labor as the dominant production relation nor the development of the productive forces can be considered a necessary result of the capitalist mode of production. Although it is a central production relation, wage labor, especially free or proletarian wage labor, is in fact only one of a number of quite dissimilar production relations brought forth by the capitalist mode of production, and, in the case of the so-called developing countries, the concept of the development of the productive forces must forfeit its customary positive connotation. Such theses as that of the coexistence of dissimilar modes of production (which takes the capitalist mode to be the dominant one [Meillassoux, 1976; Balibar, 1972]) or even the neoclassical theories of development-the dualism thesis and modernization theories-would explain underdevelopment in terms of the (continuing) failure to establish a capitalist mode of production. These theories are politically problematic, and not only because of their implicit exculpation of capitalism. Their inability to analyze the historical


Background: Studies show that the incidence of sexual dysfunction ranges between 40% and 100% in patients where the tumor and treatment have a direct impact on sexuality. Head and neck cancer is a ...


The culture of the Mee tribe in the pattern of child care begins with the process of pregnancy, childbirth and when the child enters school age. This study aims to find the concept of value and wisdom in the Mee tribe community for the developmental strength of the nation's children in Paniai Papua in the process of pregnancy, childbirth, and parenting. This study uses a qualitative approach. This research was conducted on the Mee Tribe in Paniai District, which is in the mountainous region of Papua, Indonesia in May-October 2018. Data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews and observations. Interviews were conducted on 25 informants selected by purposive procedures, which consisted of mothers, pregnant women, nursing mothers, tribal heads and health workers. The Mee tribe marks pregnancy as the initial process of the birth of a new life in the family so it is very important to maintain the health of the baby, mother and family safety. For that, food, equipment, activities, and customs must be considered because it is believed to determine the process of pregnancy. When pregnant, the mother of the Mee tribe consumed a lot of shrimp which was her own catch. In the pattern of parenting, mothers carry out a care procession that strongly emphasizes local wisdom and culture, such as using noken, leaves, stoves and embers and the presence of large events involving large families and villages in welcoming children born.


■ Why do you want this job? ■ What do you see as your future in our IT organization? ■ What are your strengths and weaknesses? ■ What unique skill do you bring to our organization? ■ How have you followed through on your goals? ■ How would you communicate the process for handling a security breach? ■ How would you decide to outsource an application? Walk us through your thought process. ■ What is the next killer app? ■ How would you grow the next generation of IT leaders?


Some factors, which are important with regard to the contact behaviour of elderly women living alone, are reported and discussed: biographical sign, professional and social status as well as informations on the actual health status. Finally the essential results of the statistical intercorrelation of all involved variables are represented.


Abstract The results of high pressure dielectric studies of 4-n-pentyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) are analysed in terms of theories of the nematic state. The retardation factor g∥ = τ∥/τ0 and the effective, single-particle potential of mean torque were calculated at the nematic–isotropic transition temperature T NI and along the isothermal, isobaric and isochoric paths within the nematic phase of 5CB. The potential of mean torque is compared with the order parameter known for the same conditions. The values of parameter γ relating the potential to the volume is discussed.


Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have gained importance as a promising renewable energy source in recent years. PV arrays are prone to variable irradiance levels under partial shading conditions due to non-uniform shading. As a result, there will be a decrease in the amount of power produced and hotspots will occur. To overcome these issues, it is essential to select an appropriate PV material and a suitable array configuration. To obtain the maximum output power from a PV array under partial shading conditions, this paper suggests a novel triple-series–parallel ladder topology with monocrystalline PV material. Considering short and wide, long and wide, short and narrow, long and narrow, middle and diagonal shading situations, a 6 × 6-sized array has been considered and compared with other existing configurations such as total cross-tied, bridge-link, honeycomb, series–parallel and series–parallel cross-tied. The proposed configuration has an optimal number of cross ties to produce maximum power. It has 4 cross ties fewer than a honeycomb, 3 cross ties fewer than a bridge link, 16 cross ties fewer than a total cross-tied and 7 cross ties fewer than series–parallel cross-tied configurations. The proposed configuration has an improvement in power of 0.1% to 20% compared with other configurations under the considered shading scenarios.


Gold-rated BlackRock LifePath Index's blend of forward-thinking management, low costs, and high-quality building blocks make it among the industry's best options.


In March this year my father retired from plumbing after more than 45 years in the business. I spent more than 20 of those years working alongside him in the family plumbing business that has survived several generations and various branching out activities. My grandfather and his brother worked as plumbers for their entire working career, with Great Uncle George retiring in the early 1990s and my grandfather retiring in 2003 at 81 years of age.


A recent concern in hazardous materials containment, removal, and military operations has been the heat and work stress imposed on personnel wearing chemical and biological protective clothing (Chemical and Biological Protection Suit, Carbon Sphere #8415-01-333-7578 and gas maskkowl, MSA91J012-013; CBR). Several microclimate-cooling systems have been tested as possible solutions (1). Although these systems may extend work time in heat stress environments, many models have limitations that prevent extended use with CBR. These limitations include effectiveness only during conditions of light to moderate work loads, requirement of a significant amount of support materials for sustained operations, removal of protective clothing for re-supply, and necessity of low ambient humidity for evaporative cooling (1-5). The following tests confirmed that several configurations of one model (FlexithermTM vest, leg panels, and cap, Life Support Systems Inc., Mountain View, CA), in conjunction with a thermoelectric coolingheating unit (Carlson Technology Inc., Livonia, MI), are effective in reducing cardiovascular load and extending work time during heat stress and moderate work loads (6,7).


Magnetostructural transition, which occurs at 77 K (89 K) in the heat-treated (as cast) Gd{sub 5}Si{sub 0.5}Ge{sub 3.5}, has been examined both experimentally, by magnetic and x-ray powder diffraction measurements, and theoretically, by ab initio calculations. Similar to that observed in a related Gd{sub 5}Si{sub 0.4}Ge{sub 3.6} alloy, this first-order phase transformation from a high-temperature Sm{sub 5}Ge{sub 4}-type [O(II)] phase to a low-temperature Gd{sub 5}Si{sub 4}-type [O(I)] phase is accompanied by an antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic transition. The H-T phase diagram, which includes both structural and magnetic features, has been constructed. The total energy as a function of unit-cell volume calculated from first principles confirms the experimentally observed first-order nature of the magnetostructural transformation. Experimental results supported by theoretical calculations indicate that Si promotes the O(II)-Gd{sub 5}Si{sub 0.5}Ge{sub 3.5} to O(I)-Gd{sub 5}Si{sub 0.5}Ge{sub 3.5} transformation by exerting chemical pressure.


The invention concerns a rolling bearing (1), in particular for a motor vehicle steering column, comprising an outer ring (2), an inner ring (2), at least a row of rolling elements (6) arranged between the raceways (3, 5) of the inner (4) and outer (2) rings, a tolerance ring (15) connecting the inner ring (4) with a shaft (32), and an elastic washer (28) axially arranged between a radial portion (4d) of the inner ring (4) and a surface (17a) of the tolerance ring (15) to exert an axial force between the radial portion (4d) of the inner ring (4) and the surface (17a) of the tolerance ring (15).


The Eigen problem is a problem that exists when there is an operator that is affected by the function, then that function does not change except being multipled by the constant in the form of an eigenvalue. In general, the eigenvalue problem uses the Hermitian operators by using observable variable in the form of mathematical operations. Hermitian operator is an operator that happens when the Hermit conjugation is performed, then the operator will return to its original condition. This research aims to determine the base matrix of Hermitian operators with order n ≤ 4 (size 2 × 2, 3 × 3 and 4 × 4). Entry element of the hermitian matrix operator uses complex numbers of which each order consists of few Hermitian operators. The method used is an analytical method by inserting problems into the eigen equation then normalized to obtain a diagonal matrix, so as to obtain a complete solution of the eigen problem on form of a matrix (including eigenvalues, normalized eigenvectors, and base matrix). Base matrix that has been obtained will be a diagonal matrix with diagonal elements of the eigenvalue. The results of this research indicate that the base matrix obtained in each order forms a square matrix that has entry elements in the form of complex numbers.


Although landslides are frequent natural phenomena in mountainous regions, the lack of data in emerging countries is a significant issue in the assessment of shallow landslide susceptibility. A key factor in risk-mitigation strategies is the evaluation of deterministic physical models for hazard assessment in these data-poor regions. Given the lack of physical information, input parameters to these data-intensive deterministic models have to be estimated, which has a negative impact on the reliability of the assessment. To address this problem, we examined shallow landslide hazard in Comitancillo municipality, Guatemala. Shallow landslides are here defined as small (less than two or three metre-deep) rotational or translational slides or earth flows. We based our hazard simulation on the stability index mapping model. The model's input parameters were estimated from a statistical analysis of factors affecting landslides in the municipality obtained from a geodatabase. The outputs from the model were analysed and compared to an inventory of small-scale landslides. The results of the comparison show the effectiveness of the method developed to estimate input parameters for a deterministic model, in regions where physical data related to the assessment of shallow landslide susceptibility is lacking.


AIM: To assess the antimicrobial effect apple cider vinegar against Escherichia coli OBJECTIVE: To determine the antimicrobial activity by using disk diffusion and MIC method. BACKGROUND: E.coli Is gram negative gamma proteobactereum which is usually found in the lower intestine of warm blooded organisms. Most of the strains are harmless but some am cause bloody diarrhoea. Some strains may cause severe anemia or kidney failure while the gothers may cause urinary tract infections or others. Apple cider vinegar is anti-viral, antimicrobial and anti septic which has been used for medicinal purposes for at least 12,000 and is also known as "cure-all cleanser" REASON: even though the apple cider vinegar is rich in enzymes, potassium and alkaliser. However, the FDA doesn't recognise apple cider vinegar to having any medical properties and its uses. Thus, this research aims in creating awareness and promoting the value of this substance.


Here we describe a methodology for molecular analysis at the nano-scale and present its capabilities. The analysis method is based on secondary ion mass spectrometry, SIMS, with gold nanoparticles (e.g. Au4004+). The methodology presented here has unique features which enable molecular analysis at the nanoscale, namely the method of acquiring the mass spectrum and the nature of the impacting projectile. In the method a sequence of individual gold nanoparticles (Au4004+) are used to bombard the sample, each impact results in ion emission from an area 10-20 nm in diameter. For each of impact of Au4004+, the emitted ions are mass analyzed by time of flight mass spectrometry, detected and stored together in one mass spectrum prior to the arrival of the subsequent projectile. Each mass spectrum contains elementals, and molecules which were co-localized within 10-20 nm of one another. Examining the co-emitted ions allows to test the molecular homogeneity, and chemical composition at the nanoscale. We applied this method to a chemically amplified resist before and after exposure and development. After development the method was used to chemically characterize defect sites, which were not removed by the developing solution.