Introduction Although topical use of moisturisers is slightly effective for the prevention and avoiding the aggravation of hand–foot syndrome induced by multikinase inhibitors, there is still room for improvement. Hydrocolloid dressing is a type of wound dressing often used for wounds such as decubitus ulcers. The purpose of this study is to verify the usefulness of application of hydrocolloid dressings as prophylaxis against development of hand–foot syndrome induced by multikinase inhibitors by comparing the effects of this dressing and standard supportive care (moisturising care alone) within the same individuals. Methods This study is a phase 3 randomised, self-controlled study to compare prophylactic moisturising care with or without hydrocolloid dressing for hand–foot syndrome induced by multikinase inhibitors. Patients with radically unresectable advanced or recurrent colorectal carcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumour and hepatocellular carcinoma who scheduled to receive regorafenib or sorafenib therapy are eligible for enrolment. Supportive care for hand–foot syndrome will consist of basic moisturising care with or without hydrocolloid dressing. If hand–foot syndrome occurs, a steroid ointment will be applied two times per day at the affected sites. The primary endpoint is an incidence rate of grade 2 or more severe hand–foot syndrome (soles of the feet only) assessed by National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events V.4.0. Grading of hand–foot syndrome will be performed by central review using photographs taken weekly by blinded trained physicians. The ethical approval was obtained from National Cancer Center Hospital. The results of this study will be submitted for publication in international peer-reviewed journals and the key findings will be presented at international scientific conference. Discussion If the positive results are found in this study, it is shown that hydrocolloid dressing is effective not only as a symptom management but also as a prevention in hand–foot syndrome induced by multikinase. Trial status The enrolment was started in January 2019, and planned to closed in January 2021. As of February 2020, 26 patients enrolled in this study. Trial registration number UMIN Clinical Trial Registry (UMIN000034853). Protocol version V.1.4, 9 January 2020.


A multidisciplinary team of researchers at the University of Florida is making progress in their search for targets that could be used for developing treatments for infections with COVID-19. The team recently posted a paper to bioRxiv reporting the identification of 53 novel genes and pathways that could become druggable targets for antiviral therapies for COVID-19 plus a broad array of coronavirus types.


In this paper we present an approach to the reasoning required to support multi-location, multi-camera group-to-group video communication, which we call orchestration. Orchestration is akin to virtual directing: it has to ensure that each location displays the most adequate shots from all the other available sources. Its input is low-level cues extracted automatically from the AV streams. They are processed to detect higher-level events that determine the state of the communication. Directorial decisions are then inferred, reflecting social communication as well as stylistic criteria. Finally, they are transformed into camera and editing commands, directly executable by the AV infrastructure. Here, we present the architecture of the Orchestrator and sketch our rule-based approach to reasoning.


The presented approach provides various advantages as easily accessible starting material, convenient manipulation, short reaction times, and very high purities and yields.


The article considers characteristic features of young specialist's self-education, shows students' self-dependent work motivation. There are defined the levels and types of students' self-dependent work. The article dwells on organization of students' self-dependent work and the problem matters relating to, reveals its key moments. Special attention is paid to redistribution of the teachers' and students' position in the present day educational process. There are given proposals in the field of methodological and methodical provision of students' self!dependent work.


The dielectric constant of low-loss dielectric materials can be measured accurately, rapidly, and automatically by proper utilization of an automatic microwave impedance instrument of the type which presents its output in Smith Chart form; i.e., the magnitude and phase of the reflection coefficient. The method employed is essentially a modification of the slotted line technique which was originally described by Roberts and Von Hippel, the difference being that the slotted line is replaced by an automatic impedance instrument with a direct reading scale.


3D model retrieval techniques can be classified as histogram-based, view-based and graph-based approaches. We propose a hybrid shape descriptor which combines the global and local radial distance features by utilizing the histogram-based and view-based approaches respectively. We define an area-weighted global radial distance with respect to the center of the bounding sphere of the model and encode its distribution into a 2D histogram as the global radial distance shape descriptor. We then uniformly divide the bounding cube of a 3D model into a set of small cubes and define their centers as local centers. Then, we compute the local radial distance of a point based on the nearest local center. By sparsely sampling a set of views and encoding the local radial distance feature on the rendered views by color coding, we extract the local radial distance shape descriptor. Based on these two shape descriptors, we develop a hybrid radial distance shape descriptor for 3D model retrieval. Experiment results show that our hybrid shape descriptor outperforms several typical histogram-based and view-based approaches.


Studies carried out on the transmission of little leaf mycoplasma of Solanum melongena by Hishimonus phycitis revealed that the minimum acquisition and inocula tion feeding period was one hour each, while the optimum was 24 and 48 hr respectively. A minimum incubation period of 15 days was observed to be essential in" the vector for successful transmission. However, the vector reached the maximum transmitting ability after an incubation period of 23 days. The optimum incubation period of the mycoplasma in the host plant was recorded to be 35.67 days. There was no transovarial transmission of the mycoplasma. A single vector was able to transmit the causal organism, although the maximum percentage of infection in the test plants was achieved only when five vectors were used per plant.


Correspondence Address: (57) ABSTRACT MCGINN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW GROUP, PLLC A system and method for correlating business metrics and 8321 OLD COURTHOUSE ROAD, SUITE 200 business transformations includes correlating metrics VIENNA, VA 22182-3817 between a first level and a second level within a business metric hierarchy, and correlating at least one business trans (73) Assignee: International Business Machines form and at least one metric at the first of the plurality of Corporation, Armonk, NY (US) levels.


In Russia, mass-marking of salmon using to explore migrations and survival of the salmon in the ocean, determine the portion of this fish in the mixed stocks and estimate the efficiency of artificial reproduction efforts. Otolith marking programs are being implemented in the Magadan, Kamchatka and Sakhalin regions of Russia. For Brood Year 2002, we plan to mark approximately 13 million sockeye, 1 million chinook, 50 million chum, 1 million coho. Salmon will be marked at 14 different hatcheries using approximately 12 unique mark patterns. In addition, we plan to experimental mark chum salmon at the North Sahalin hatcheries for the first time. Introduction The analysis of the marks allow to determine efficiently the portion of the hatchery fish in the total stock, and also get the information about the ways of different salmon stocks migration and the spots of their location in the ocean. We use both thermal and dry methods. In 1998 we have offer to use a first ring of mark for differentiation Russia and Japanese salmons. As base mark three or four rings in the first band have been adopted to distinguish Russian chum and pink salmon from other stocks since 1999 brood year stocks with Japanese side contractually. However we have duplication of marks of Russian, American and Canadian salmons at present. Plan for 2002 brood year stocks The proposed thermal marks for the 2002 brood year salmon is shown in Tables. We plan to mark approximately 65 million salmon. In Russia basically use dry method of marking. We plan to mark all number of salmons at the Magadan and Kamchatka hatcheries. Marking is expected to conduct on embryos. Presumably, only chinook salmon on Malkinskiy hatchery will be of marking after hatch by thermal method. The differences between the 2002 and 2001 brood we plan to mark at five Sakhalin hatcheries only experimental marking for chum and pink salmon. Some Sakhalin hatcheries form a marks of unsatisfactory quality sometimes. So us necessary to choose optimum methods for different conditions at the different hatcheries. For experiment will be used both thermal (raising and reduction of temperature of water) and dry (Akinicheva et al., 1998; Safronenkov et al., 1999) methods of marking. The marking pattern is presented as the RBr notation (Munk and Geiger 1998; Hagen 1999) and Hatch code notation (Hagen et al. 2000).


It took about 20 years(from 1853-1873) for Mo Youzhi to complete the book,Qian Shi Si Lue,which is abound and extensive in contents,with special style and clear focus.It recorded and kept a lot of life stories and poems by literates in the Ming Dynasty,who became monks in Guizhou.The book supplies the readers with a lot of materials which were not easy to be found to study these people in the Ming Dynasty.According to the record of this book,there are dozens of known literates who became monks.Some of them are famous,such as Qian Bangqi,Zhen Zhihuang,Chen Qixiang,Zhen Fengyuan,Li Huaizhi,Xie Guobian,Meng Benchun,Zhu Wen,Tan Liang,and Yan Shi.Being the adherents of the Ming Dynasty,they chose to be monk and hermits when the country and home were facing the end,expressing their feelings to the nature and converting in Buddhism.They were not only struggling between death and life,but also trying to save themselves with the dilemma of Confucianism and Buddhism.In order to escape of the feeling of anger and sadness,their poems would usually be filled with a sense of sadness.


The inhibiting effect of nitric oxide on the thermal decomposition of certain organic compounds has been attributed to the ability of this substance to suppress reaction chains by removing free radicals from the system (Staveley and Hinshelwood 1936 a, b, c ; 1937). The inhibition has been observed with various ethers and with propionic and butyric aldehydes, but the decompositions of acetaldehyde, chloral, methyl alcohol and ketones are exempt. It has been inferred that in these latter reactions either free radicals are not produced, or else that they are incapable of effecting the further decomposition of their parent substance. The thermal decomposition of ethane has been found to be considerably retarded by nitric oxide, and in view of the comparative simplicity of the ethane molecule it seemed profitable to examine the inhibited reaction in some detail.


Approximate equilibrium solutions for the two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium equations with flow along magnetic field lines applied to modeling the Earth`s magnetic tail are constructed. An alternative version of the condition for whether a given magnetospheric configuration is open or closed is presented. Also developed are examples of open and closed magnetospheric configurations with flow occurring in a layer modeling the plasma sheet boundary layer. Examples of finite-size compressible plasmoids traveling in the magentotail are presented. The relation between the profile of the total pressure (thermal plus magnetic) and the shape of the plasmoid is also discussed. 30 refs., 5 figs.


In this paper, we investigate the retrieval of the modes of multicomponent signals from their downsampled short-time Fourier transform. To this end, we first recall signal reconstruction techniques based on shifted downsampled short-time Fourier transform, and then explain how to adapt these to the context of the retrieval of the modes of a multicomponent signal. We then show, on simulated and real data, that downsampling the short-time Fourier transform does not result in a significant performance loss of the mode retrieval procedures. Finally, comparisons with recent mode retrieval techniques based on synchrosqueezing transform are carried out, the focus being put on the amount of information needed to perform the recovery of the modes.


This paper discusses major findings of the research project 'Profession at a Crossroads - Journalism at the Threshold of the Information Society' conducted by the Faculty of Political Sciences, Center for Media and Media Research, from July 2010 to June 2011. The aim of the project was to examine social, economic and technological qualities of the journalist community in Serbia and its capacity to respond to challenges the profession is faced with regarding global media changes and domestic transitional processes. Research results indicate that journalism in Serbia is in a state of limbo and caught between delayed transition and the information society, and that it very slowly mobilizes resources to respond to the forthcoming challenges.


RESENA de : McKinney, Mark (ed.): History and Politics in French-Language Comics and Graphic Novels. The University Press of Mississippi, 2008.


All chapters close with "Summary" and "References." 1.Introduction to the Intervention-Planning Process with Adults. The Adult Client. Components of Intervention Planning for Adults. Categories of Knowledge Utilized in Intervention Planning. 2.The Phases of Intervention Planning. The Long-Term Planning Phase. The Short-Term Planning Phase. The Session-Planning Phase. 3.Funds of Knowledge for Intervention Planning with Adults: Normal Communication and Discourse. Overview. The Discourse Functions and Conventions of Communication and Language. Conversation. Narratives. 4.Funds of Knowledge for Intervention Planning with Adults: Language Content and Form. Overview. Content. Content/Form Interactions: Lexicon. Content/Form Interactions: Syntax. 5.Funds of Knowledge for Intervention Planning with Adults: Maintaining Factors. Psychosocial Factors. Cognition. Sensorimotor. 6.Funds of Knowledge for Intervention Planning with Adults: Theories of Adult Language Learning and Rehabilitation. Behaviorism/Operant Theory. Constructivist Cognitive Theory. Social-Cognitive Learning Theories. Functional Communication Theory. Motor Theory. Theories of Discourse Comprehension. 7.Intervention Planning for Adults with Language-Learning Disabilities. Characteristics of Speech, Language, and Communication Functioning in Adults with Language-Learning Disabilities. Maintaining Factors. Theories of Learning and Rehabilitation. Performance Demands. Case Study: Baseline Data. Long-Term Planning Phase. Short-Term Planning Phase. Session Planning Phase. 8.Intervention Planning for Adult Aphasia. Introduction. Categories of Aphasia. Models of Aphasia Rehabilitation. Maintaining Factors. Case Study. 9.Intervention Planning for Adults with Voice Disorders. Introduction. What Constitutes a Voice Disorder. Classifying Voice Disorders. Sources of Information for Intervention Planning. Case Study. Additional Comments Concerning Treatment. Lack of Access to Laboratory Instrumentation: A Clinical Reality. 10.Intervention Planning with Adults Who Stutter. Introduction. Definition of Terms. Differential Diagnostic Characteristics of Stuttering. Etiology and Conceptualizations of Stuttering. Performance Demands: In Search of Universal Truth. Guiding Intervention Assumptions. Case Example: Initial Clinical Portrait. Long-Term Goals and Procedural Approach. Short-Term Goals and Procedural Approach. Session Goals and Procedures. 11.Intervention Planning for Second Language Phonology. Nature of the Problem. Sources of Information for Intervention Planning. Case History Information on Jose. The Management Plan.


Abstract Raw material, raw emulsions and cooked frankfurters made from mechanically deboned poultry meat (MDPM) from the backs and necks of fryers, produced by three deboning machines (A, B, and C) and chopped for times varying from one and one half minutes to over 15 minutes were examined by light and electron microscopy. The raw MDPM from machines A and B appeared more dense and the fat globules smaller and more uniformly distributed than in the MDPM from machine C. Emulsion formation was found after only a short chopping period (one and one half to three minutes) and increasing chopping time did not always improve the appearance of the emulsion. For the material from machine A, the fat globules became smaller and more uniformly distributed, there was less effect on the emulsions from machine C and no effect from those from machine B.


Malonyloxyborohydride,a hydroboration reagent,is prepared by reaction of malonic acid and sodium borohydride,and is used to react with dihydromyrcene in THF.At 60 ℃,90% of boron atoms added to the terminal position on the terminal double bond after 6 h.Oxidation of the addition product gives citronellol with purity 90%.Ketone is not found.The internal double bond of dihydromyrcene is not involved in this reaction.


The zero-truncated Poisson distribution (ZTPD) generates a statistical model that could be appropriate when observations begin once at least one event occurs. The intervened Poisson distribution (IPD) is a substitute for the ZTPD, in which some intervention processes may change the mean of the rare events. These two zero-truncated distributions exhibit underdispersion (i.e., their variance is less than their mean). In this research, we offer an alternative solution for dealing with intervention problems by proposing a generalization of the IPD by a Lagrangian approach called the Lagrangian intervened Poisson distribution (LIPD), which in fact generalizes both the ZTPD and the IPD. As a notable feature, it has the ability to analyze both overdispersed and underdispersed datasets. In addition, the LIPD has a closed-form expression of all of its statistical characteristics, as well as an increasing, decreasing, bathtub-shaped, and upside-down bathtub-shaped hazard rate function. A consequent part is devoted to its statistical application. The maximum likelihood estimation method is considered, and the effectiveness of the estimates is demonstrated through a simulated study. To evaluate the significance of the new parameter in the LIPD, a generalized likelihood ratio test is performed. Subsequently, we present a new count regression model that is suitable for both overdispersed and underdispersed datasets using the mean-parametrized form of the LIPD. Additionally, the LIPD's relevance and application are shown using real-world datasets.


Luciana Berger, Labour's shadow minister for public health, has raised concern about public health provision after finding that 18% of director of public health posts in England are vacant. Berger asked the secretary of state for health how many local authorities currently employed acting or interim directors of public health and what steps were being taken to fill …


In this paper, we show that for any finite order entire function f(z), the function of the form f(z)[f(z+c)−f(z)] has no nonzero finite Picard exceptional value for all nonnegative integers n, s satisfying n ≥ 3, which can be viewed as a difference result on Hayman conjecture. We also obtain some uniqueness theorems for difference polynomials of entire functions sharing one common value.


The invention discloses a light control switch circuit, which consists of a photoresistor, a thyristor driving circuit, a first thyristor and a filtering circuit, wherein the photoresistor is connected with the thyristor driving circuit and receives the light intensity, whether the thyristor driving circuit outputs driving signals or not is controlled according to the illumination condition, the signal output end of the thyristor driving circuit is connected with a control electrode of the first thyristor, one end of the first thyristor is connected with a live wire of an alternating current power supply, the other end of the first thyristor is connected with one power supply input end of a controlled electric appliance, and the other power supply input end of the controlled electric appliance is connected with a zero wire of the alternating current power supply. The photoresistor is used for receiving the light intensity. In daybreak, the resistance of the photoresistor is very small, the thyristor driving circuit does not work, the first thyristor is stopped, and the controlled electric appliance does not work. After dark, the resistance of the photoresistor is infinitely great, the thyristor driving circuit works and outputs signals to trigger the first thyristor so that the first thyristor is conducted, and the controlled electric appliance works.


The Tasks of this project are to: Task 1--complete implementation of a Risk Based Data Management System (RBDMS) in the states of Alaska, Mississippi, Montana, and Nebraska; and Task 2--conduct Area of Review (AOR) workshops in the states of California, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Texas. In general, Task 1 provides assistance to the named states with converting data from existing data management systems where applicable; coding and internal testing of the RBDMS; preparing documentation, training, and technology transfer; plus project management. Development of RBDMS in the first grouping of states (AK, MS, MT, and NB) is complete. The paper describes the RBDMS features, continued implementation of the RBDMS and future RBDMS workshops. RBDMS includes comprehensive well information for both producing and injection well types. The purpose of AOR workshops is to acquaint state agency and industry personnel with the AOR variance methodology that has been developed and to seek input from the attendees concerning application of variance methods to injection fields in the state. Workshops have been successfully completed in California and Oklahoma. The Kansas and Texas workshops are tentatively scheduled to take place in November.


We first discussed the methods for establishing and developing a standardized parts database for 3D Punch die based on SolidWorks, and realized rapid display and drawing of parts under SolidWorks. Then we present the ideas for development of general standardized parts database that can be run on heterogeneous platform and CAD system based on Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data. We also present a method for the construction and realization of standardized parts database in distributed network.


A Research Project Submitted In Partial Fulfillment for the Award of Masters Degree in Finance (Msc), School of Business, University of Nairobi


The observed geometries of the cyclophane groups of 4-(2'-furyl)[2.2]paracyclophane [systematic name: 5-(2-furyl)tricyclo[18.104.22.168 4,7 ]hexadeca-4,6,10,12,13,15-hexaene], C 20 H 18 O, and 5-(2'-thienyl)[2.2]paracyclophane [systematic name: 5-(2-thienyl)tricyclo[188.8.131.52 4,7 ]-hexadeca-4,6,10,12,13,15-hexaene], C 20 H 18 S, are very similar both to the skeleton of the parent compound and to [2.2]paracyclophane fragments in other structures ; the bridgehead C atoms are characteristically bent out of the plane of the other four coplanar atoms building the typical boat conformation of the aromatic rings in [2.2]-paracyclophanes. These rings are twisted with respect to each other. The thiophene ring of (2) is disordered over two positions, which could however be well resolved. The heterocyclic substituents are rotated out of the plane of the four coplanar C atoms C4, C5, C7 and C8 by 25.1 (1)° in (1), and 34.7(6) and 32.9 (6)° in (2) for both positions of disorder.


In this paper, we propose a new method called Prototype Ranking (PR) designed for the stock selection problem. PR takes into account the huge size of real-world stock data and applies a modified competitive learning technique to predict the ranks of stocks. The primary target of PR is to select the top performing stocks among many ordinary stocks. PR is designed to perform the learning and testing in a noisy stocks sample set where the top performing stocks are usually the minority. The performance of PR is evaluated by a trading simulation of the real stock data. Each week the stocks with the highest predicted ranks are chosen to construct a portfolio. In the period of 1978-2004, PR's portfolio earns a much higher average return as well as a higher risk-adjusted return than Cooper's method, which shows that the PR method leads to a clear profit improvement.


Based on the features of active structures of (E)-β-farnesene(EBF) analogues summarized by Nishino and Bowers, 13 compounds(Ⅰ 1-Ⅰ 13) with a novel framework were designed by the method of linking active sub-structures which had the active framework of EBF analogues and the active structure of Neonicotinoid insecticide analogues. Thus, the target compounds were prepared in 24%-59% yield through 2-3 step reactions from the starting material geraniol. Their structures were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, and MS. The results of bioassay demonstrated that most of the compounds show an obvious activity against adult Lipaphis erysimi at the test concentration. Especially at a lower concentration, some of them had a better activity than imidacloprid. For example, Ⅰ 10 and Ⅰ 13 exhibited respectively 93.1% and 87.1%, but imidacloprid showed 66. 7% inhibiting rate at 25 mg/L.


Inspired by the thought of synapsis intensifying in biological neural systems, aiming at the problems in graph theory, this paper presented an elastic adjusting method for connecting right value, formed an elastic TSP model and also analyzed its features and significance. Based on this model, considering two factors of affecting the colony evolution: species insulation and gene flowage, investigated a parallel implementation method of elastic TSP, which resonated the common high-frequency edges (these edges are called as "common edge set") between local population and the immigrated sub-population, but rebounded the different ones that existed in the "common edge set" of last time. In the experimental research, found a better solution of 30355.119Km for CHN144 TSP instance, which showed that the proposed method has good performance in solving complicated combinational optimization.


Going to the movies has always been in part an experience of joining a crowd: picking up the buzz about the latest hit from friends and newspapers, feeling the line surge forward as the velvet ropes are lifted, getting carried along on a tide of rolling laughter. Yet film critics almost never speak of crowds or crowd responses when they analyze movies. Film theorists such as Christian Metz, Kaja Silverman, and Laura Mulvey go so far as to claim that people at Holly wood movies react as if they were utterly alone, each person becoming a spec tator isolated in the dark fantasizing about the stars on the screen.1 Though such theorists often turn to social criticism, they repeatedly describe the audi ence as if there were only one individual reacting, speaking in the singular of "the Spectator," "the Male Gaze," the "All-Perceiving Subject," and the "Voy eur," never of crowd responses or mass fantasies or even social trends. Even critics such as Mary Anne Doane and Manthia Diawara who have sought to broaden spectator theory by considering that audiences may contain different kinds of spectators still treat these alternative spectators as individuals reacting separately to movies.2 Part of the reason critics have ignored the ways that movies elicit crowd responses is that the dominant theory of crowd psychology—Freud's—treats members of a crowd as individuals. In Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego, Freud says that in a mass, each person is lost in a private, unconscious dream of loving the leader.3 In other words, psychoanalysis converts the crowd back into a collection of spectators, and so it has become a crucial resource for film theory. But there are other ways to conceive of the psychology of the crowd, and, what is most intriguing, Hollywood moviemakers definitely believed in a non psychoanalytic crowd psychology.4 Using the movie industry's own account of crowd behavior, we can construct a "crowd response theory" modeled on the methods by which psychoanalytic spectator theory is constructed. Before ex amining this alternative psychology, however, it will be useful to briefly


The First and Final Nightmare of Sonia Reich: A Son's Memoir, by Howard Reich. New York: Public Affairs, 2006. 200 pp. $22.95. For the most part survivors of the Holocaust have proved to be remarkably resilient. If they were young and physically fit, they were able to emigrate from the Displaced Persons' camps where they wound up after liberation. In the new countries of emigration-usually the United States, Israel, Australia, Canada, and Latin America-they were able to find jobs or found new businesses, to marry and to raise new families. Nevertheless war and genocide did not leave them unscathed. Even the strongest among them suffered from heart-breaking and terrifying memories and nightmares. In the privacy of their thoughts and dreams they returned to the ghettoes and the camps where they saw their loved ones killed. If they survived in hiding, they experienced the recurrent terror of an abandoned, hunted animal. However they survived, they felt the irrational guilt of the survivor-"I don't deserve to live"-or the realistic guilt of having abandoned loved ones who had depended on them in order to save themselves. If anything, such memories, anxieties, and nightmares-what psychologists have labeled PTSD: "Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders"-became worse as the survivors grew older. When they were relatively young and trying to make it in their new homes they were so preoccupied with quotidian matters that their memories were kept at bay by the daily post-war struggles of work and family. When the demands of work eased a bit, and the children grew up and left home to make it on their own, survivors started to have time on their hands, but it was a dangerous period in their lives. Time left them open to invasion by unwanted memories and anxieties. They were especially in danger when they had lost a beloved mate, another survivor with whom they had established a life after the war. With his or her death they lost the only person who truly understood them and could share their current anxieties and past memories. Howard Reich is a jazz critic for the Chicago Tribune and a writer for DownBeat magazine. He is also the son of Sonia and Robert Reich, Holocaust survivors, who had made a home for themselves and their two children after the war in Skokie, near Chicago. Years after Howard and his sister had left home and had established separate lives from their parents, Robert died and Sonia suffered a severe mental breakdown. She thought that she was being followed by unknown assailants who wanted to kill her: "I heard his voice in the house. He said,T'm going to put a bullet in your head.'" And so she fled her home, wandering the streets until she was picked up by the police and brought to the emergency room of a local hospital. Ever the loving and dutiful son, Howard tried to help his mother and to understand her illness. …


Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as well as porous coordination polymers (PCPs) are porous, organic–inorganic hybrid solids with zeolite-like structures and properties. Due to their extraordinarily high surface area and well defined pore structure MOFs can be used for the stabilization of metal nanoparticles with adjustable size. The embedded metal nanoparticles are still accessible for other reagents due to the high porosity of the MOF systems. This fact makes "metal@ MOF" systems especially interesting for heterogeneous catalysis, gas storage and chemical sensing. This review compiles the cases of metal nanoparticles supported by or embedded into MOFs reported so far and the main aspects and


The embodiment of the present invention discloses method and system for transmitting user identity information when accessing WAP application, wherein the method comprises: a PDSN receives an authentication pass message with an MDN included therein returning from an AAA system after the user of a mobile terminal passes the authentication; the PDSN forwards the authentication pass message to the mobile terminal; the mobile terminal conducts IPCP negotiation with the PDSN; the PDSN assigns an IP address for the user of the mobile terminal and establishes a corresponding relation between the IP address and the MDN; the mobile terminal sends an HTTP access request message with an IP address included therein to a WAP gateway; the PDSN acquires the MDN corresponding to the IP address in the HTTP access request message from the corresponding relation maintained by itself and inserts into the HTTP access request message, and then forwards the HTTP access request message to the WAP gateway; and the WAP gateway forwards the HTTP access request message with the MDN inserted to an application server. The embodiment of the present invention can solve anonymous problem and wrong call problem caused by wrong corresponding relation between the MDN and IP address stored by the WAP gateway in prior art.


Ten spatial infomax ICA decompositions were performed on two fMRI data sets collected from the same subject. The maximallyindependent spatial components were then tested across decompositions for one-to-one correspondences. Matching independent component maps by mutual information alone proved ineffective. Matching component map pairs by correlating their z-transformed voxel map weights demonstrated that the top 100 components were stably reproduced in each of the ten decompositions. Infomax ICA therefore provided a stable decomposition of fMRI data into spatially independent components.


Identification of risk factors associated with falls in people with Parkinson's Disease (PD) is important due to their high risk of falling. In this study, various ways of utilizing the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) were assessed for the identification of risk factors and for the prediction of falls. Three statistical methods for classification were considered:decision trees, random forests, and logistic regression. UPDRS measurements on 51 participants with early stage PD, who completed monthly falls diaries for 12 months of follow-up were analyzed. All classification methods applied produced similar results in regards to classification accuracy and the selected important variables. The highest classification rates were obtained from model with individual items of the UPDRS with 80% accuracy (85% sensitivity and 77% specificity), higher than in any previous study. A comparison of the independent performance of the four parts of the UPDRS revealed the comparably high classification rates for Parts II and III of the UPDRS. Similar patterns with slightly different classification rates were observed for the 6- and 12-month of follow-up times. Consistent predictors for falls selected by all classification methods at two follow-up times are: thought disorder for UPDRS I, dressing and falling for UPDRS II, hand pronate/supinate for UPDRS III, and sleep disturbance and symptomatic orthostasis for UPDRS IV. While for the aggregate measures, subtotal 2 (sum of UPDRS II items) and bradykinesia showed high association with fall/non-fall. Fall/non-fall occurrences were more associated with individual items of the UPDRS than with the aggregate measures. UPDRS parts II and III produced comparably high classification rates for fall/non-fall prediction. Similar results were obtained for modelling data at 6-month and 12-month follow-up times.


The invention relates to a constant current control circuit of an LED (Light-Emitting Diode). The constant current control circuit comprises a constant current control IC (Integrated Circuit) chip U1 with double operational amplifiers, a slide-wire rheostat RW, an optical coupler PC817, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R10, an eleventh resistor R11, a first filter capacitor C1, a second voltage compensation capacitor C2, a third voltage compensation capacitor C3, a fourth current compensation capacitor C4, a fifth filter capacitor C5, a sixth filter capacitor C6, a seventh filter capacitor C7 and an eighth filter capacitor C8. According to the invention, constant current drive can be implemented under rated conditions, the constant current drive is automatically switched to constant voltage drive when the output power is relatively low, the defects owing to the inconsistency of the LED in LED application are solved, and the improvement of indexes, such as the luminous efficiency of the LED, the service life of the LED, the reliability of the LED and etc., are promoted.


Blade/vane components used in aerospace turbines are of twisted aerofoil shape, made by the process of investment casting, using Ni based super-alloy materials. These castings operate at turbine inlet temperatures (TET) close to the melting point of the alloy, in order to maximize thermal efficiency and thrust of the engine. The castings are made hollow, with intricate features such as turbulator, pin-fin, etc built-in to maximize the effect of heat transfer during forced cooling through internal passages. The hollow geometry in the castings is produced during the investment casting process by using a suitable ceramic core made from Silica or Alumina based mixes. These ceramic cores are high pressure injected by forcing the ceramic mix into dedicated molds or dies. Development of such dies is an involved process by itself, addressing issues right from ceramic mix behavior to manufacturability of the injection mould. The present paper attempts to highlight issues related to tooling development for ceramic cores used in investment cast turbine blade/vane components.


Induction motor rotor designs are investigated in this paper to reduce secondary winding harmonic losses in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) applications. The induction motor is more and more popular to use for the traction drive, but its' secondary winding harmonic losses are significantly higher than the usual when having high frequency and high power density in the HEV application. Thus, the major cause of the high secondary winding losses is analyzed and evaluated in the paper. The losses of rotor bars due to harmonic fields are calculated and analyzed for a typical eight pole induction motor by using the finite element method (FEM). Several rotor structures are proposed to decrease the harmonic losses and improve efficiency. Finally, the rotor design methods of the induction motor are compared to achieve a high efficiency and high power density based on the reduced harmonic losses, increased efficiency and output torque. The results show the secondary winding losses of the induction motor can be reduced by up to 43% when using the new rotor structure design.


Considering sustainable policies for energy systems, resonant converters are suitable systems to realize the desirable flow of energy in several applications, such as: renewable sources, energy harvesting systems, electric and hybrid vehicles. However, analysis and design of resonant converters are more complex than their pulse-width modulation counterparts, which leads to simplifying assumptions that result in limitations in the size of the designed components. This paper proposes a result-oriented methodology for analysis and design Class-E converters by means of an unit-less mathematical model that is independent of circuit parameters, such as, inductances and capacitances. The system is modeled in a generalized representation and normalized gain curves can be obtained to design the converter. A 500 kHz Class-E resonant converter was simulated and implemented to validate the theoretical approach.


We derive the equations of motion of relativistic, resistive, second-order dissipative magnetohydrodynamics from the Boltzmann-Vlasov equation using the method of moments. We thus extend our previous work [Phys. Rev. D 98, 076009 (2018)PRVDAQ2470-001010.1103/PhysRevD.98.076009], where we only considered the nonresistive limit, to the case of finite electric conductivity. This requires keeping terms proportional to the electric field Eμ in the equations of motions and leads to new transport coefficients due to the coupling of the electric field to dissipative quantities. We also show that the Navier-Stokes limit of the charge-diffusion current corresponds to Ohm's law, while the coefficients of electrical conductivity and charge diffusion are related by a type of Wiedemann-Franz law.


The application of duplex ultrasound for the evaluation of patients with lower-limb arterial occlusive disease provides the clinician with detailed information on its location, extent, and severity. Duplex scanning from the visceral aortic segment to the tibial arteries allows the detection of aneurysms and occlusive disease with a classification of its severity, including the presence of critical limb ischemia. Testing should be performed in conjunction with limb pressure measurements to accurately categorize arterial hemodynamics and functional impairment. Interpretation of duplex-acquired velocity spectra recordings is fundamental to successful clinical evaluation, including the characteristic features of normal versus and abnormal lower-limb arterial flow and hemodynamic changes associated with stenosis both at the occlusive lesions and its impact on distal limb perfusion. Duplex testing is accurate both before and after intervention for the diagnosis of occlusion and stenosis severity allowing decisions regarding treatment (medical, open surgical repair, endovascular therapy) to be made. Scanning can provide an arterial map of occlusive or aneurysm lesions analogous to magnetic resonance or computed-tomography angiography. An important duplex ultrasound application is for the surveillance of lower-limb bypass grafts and peripheral angioplasty for the development of stenosis that is their common mode of failure. The detection of high-grade stenosis in an arterial repair allows for pre-emptive treatment before thrombosis and improves long-term patency.


The importance and present conditions of intelligent question-answering system in network education are analyzed in this paper.The design of the system and the detailed description of the agent components' functions are also included;the architecture and workflow of the agent component are discussed.


From the high-profile founder and publisher of the highly successful Black Enterprise magazine comes an illuminating and inspirational guide for the aspiring African American entrepreneur".(Graves) engagingly dispenses blunt advice and sharp commentary" (New York Times) In This Timely and Important Book, Graves, One of the most influential and well-known executives in the world, shows how he, the son of a West Indian garment worker, became a multimillionaire entrepreneur, director of several of America's Fortune 500 corporations, and a philanthropist. Using his own story -- which includes careers in the military, real estate, and public service as an assistant to Senator Robert F. Kennedy -- and those of dozens of other black men and women who have made it in the business world as examples, Graves offers inspiring and down-to-earth advice to help readers take advantage of opportunities to achieve personal and professional success. From overcoming the unique challenges blacks face in getting financing for new ventures to identifying the best industries and jobs for black job seekers and cultivating the behaviors needed to make it as an entrepreneur, How to Succeed in Business Without Being White clearly lights the path readers can take to overcome adversity and succeed in today's largely white business environment. "The book offers practical advice to black businesspeople on everything from getting a job to owning and running a business to supporting other African Americans". -- Washington Post


ALEKSANDAR BOSKOVIC is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures at the University of Michigan. He has worked as a researcher at the Institute for Literature and Art in Belgrade, Serbia, where he published his book The Poetic Humor in Vasko Popa's Oeuvre (2008). His doctoral dissertation is a cross-cultural and interdisciplinary examination of twentieth-century interwar avant-garde photopoetry artworks.


There lies a close relationship between P.E. and Humanistic spirit and hey are dialectically united. Humanistic spiri has been the essence of the Olympic Movement ever since ancient times. Using documentary method, this article the relation between P.E and humanistic spirit, the humanistic spirit ,the humanistic spirit ideals of ancient and contemporary Olympi Movement so as to deep people' s understanding of the slogan humanistic Olympics in the 2008 Beijing Olympics.


Introduction: The detection of low circular polarization ratio (CPR) values over several domes and lunar rilles from Earth-based radar studies [1-3] is indicative of those features being covered by mantles of loose, disaggregated materials such as pyroclastic ash. Analysis of several of these features using a variety of lunar orbital remote sensing datasets provides support to the hypothesis that these are pyroclastic mantles. However, properties detected by remote sensing indicate variability between the features. The features discussed here include the Menelaus domes and Tacquet formation of southern Mare Serenitatis, the Manilius-1 and Yangel-1 domes of Mare Vaporum, the Rima Calippus rille in Mare Serenitatis, and the Cauchy-5 dome in Mare Tranquilitatis. Data Examined: Characteristics that are potentially indicative of the presence of pyroclastic materials include mineralogy, chemistry, and physical state (e.g., surface roughness, grain size, degree of induration). Imaging spectrometer data from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) was used to assess mineralogy and potential hydration, optical measures of chemistry (FeO and TiO2 abundance) were obtained from respectively Kaguya Multiband Imager (MI) and LROC Wide Angle Camera (WAC) data. A measure of surface roughness is also obtainable from multi-phase angle WAC data. FeO and TiO2: Lunar glasses returned by Apollo have FeO wt. % values > 16 wt.% [4] and glass can be a major constituent of pyroclastic mantles. Thus, higher FeO is a potential indicator for pyroclastic deposits. TiO2 content in those glasses had a wider spread, from 0.26 to 16.4 wt.% and would not be a unique indicator of pyroclastics; however, since pyroclastic deposits represent a composition that is potentially distinct from surrounding materials, it could be an indicator of compositional distinctness. Table 1 shows wt. % FeO, as derived from Kaguya MI data after the approach of [5] for the features considered here.


The effects of alkali charge on the activity and stability of copper-based mixed oxides catalyst for the water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) were investigated. Activity tests showed that the copper-based mixed oxides catalyst while the 2[NaOH]/[Cu2++Mn2+] is above 1.2 displayed higher activity and better stability than that of others catalysts. The BET , XRD and TPR results revealed that the Cu-Mn catalyst while the 2[NaOH]/[Cu2++Mn2+] is above 1.2 led to higher surface area, a more stable catalyst structure and suitable reduction performance, in turn leading to better catalytic behavior for the Cu-Mn catalyst.


This article presents an RFID system to detect the salinity and sugar contents of water. The proposed system is based on low‐cost ink‐jet printed passive ultrahigh frequency (UHF) RFID tag. The tag is designed using slot match technique, which poses a good imaginary impedance match with RFID chip both in free space and after mounting on the water bottle. Moreover, the tag antenna is exploited as a sensor to detect salt and sugar contents of water by measuring the backscatter power from the tag in term of received signal strength indicator (RSSI). A Tagformance Pro setup form Voyantic is used for measuring RSSI. Furthermore, an approximate relationship is derived between backscatter power and no. of grams of salt and sugar dissolved in water. This study paves a way to check the contents of drinks using portable devices, which is pivotal for healthcare applications in smart cities and the future Internet of things (IoT).


Financial Technology is a modern technology in the field of services that presents a lot of convenience in carrying out various types of financial transactions. This technology is used as a new innovation in the banking world to develop products and become a means of competition in the current era. Based on the performance of the implementation of one of the Financial Technology products in 2017, the Sakuku BCA still does not fulfill its market share. This study aims to examine the effect of trust, price perception, product information provided on the intention to use the Financial Technology Sakuku BCA case study in Surabaya. Determination of the sample in this study using judgment sampling method. The analysis technique in this study is descriptive analysis using SPSS version 16.0 and WarpPLS version 6.0. Based on the survey by distributing questionnaires to 130 BCA customers with predetermined criteria, indicating that the variables trust, price perception, perceived product information have a significantly positive effect on perceived usefulness, and a variable perceived usefulness have a significantly positive effect on continuous intention.
Key Words: Continuance Intention, Financial Technology, and BCA customers.


The aim of this paper is to study the Korean Church in the 1930s through Chi-Jin Han's Christian Life, focusing on the problems and their alternatives. To accomplish this purpose I will use not only his Christian Life, but also his other meaningful works of reference related to this subject. Chi-Jin Han's representative book Christian Life was published in 1934 under the colonial policy of Japan. This book was written in the light of the Christian ethics. Han was neither a pastor nor a theologian, but he was a brilliant layman with a good understanding of the Christian ethics. The main lessons Han's Christian Life left behind can be summarized as follows: First, viewpoint of Reform: Han realized that the Korean Church had deep-seated problems in a variety of fields. He argued strongly that if Christians were to reform society, they should first reform the internal corruption within the Church itself.Second, viewpoint of practice: Han presented strict norms that all Christians should practice Christian ethics based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ by doing good deeds for society. His book Christian Life contains various ethical themes such as a high rate of unemployment, youth education, sick patients, life and work, fascism and authoritarianism, and so on. Third, viewpoint of the world: The Church must try to pay a balanced attention to this world and to the heaven's perpetual bliss, looking forward to the ultimate regeneration of all things. I am looking forward to scholars' research into Chi-Jin Han's other thoughts such as 'Christian ethics', 'Christian psychology', 'Christian education', 'faith thinking.'


The irradiation of aqueous solutions of RCo((14)aneN{sub 4})(H{sub 2}O){sup 2+} (R = CH{sub 3}, C{sub 2}H{sub 5}, 1-C{sub 3}H{sub 7}, CH{sub 2}Cl, CH{sub 2}Br, CH{sub 2}OCH{sub 3}) with visible light, {lambda} {le} 400 nm, results in the homolysis of the cobalt-carbon bond. These complexes are quite unreactive toward a variety of dealkylating and redox reagents and thus represent a convenient source of small unstabilized carbon-centered radicals in the presence of potential substrates. The radicals react rapidly with the methyl viologen radical cation, k{sub MB} = (1-2) {times} 10{sup 9} M{sup {minus}1} s{sup {minus}1}. The kinetics of the formation of RCr{sup 2+} and RCo((14)aneN{sub 4})(H{sub 2}O){sup 2+} in the reactions of radicals with Cr{sup 2+} and Co((14)aneN{sub 4})(H{sub 2}O){sub 2}{sup 2+}, respectively, were studied by using MV{sup +} as a probe. The respective rate constants have values k{sub Cr} = (1.9-2.4) {times} 10{sup 8} M{sup {minus}1} s{sup {minus}1} and k{sub Co} = (1-2) {times} 10{sup 7} M{sup {minus}1} s{sup {minus}1} for all the radicals examined. 36 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.


Multisensor applications have recently inspired important research projects to utilize existing infrastructure and exploit spatiotemporal information. This dissertation focuses on two multisensor applications: image-based rendering and multichannel sampling.
Although many image-based rendering (IBR) algorithms have been proposed, few of them possess rigorous interpolation processes. We propose a conceptual framework, called the Propagation Algorithm, that generalizes many existing IBR algorithms, using calibrated or uncalibrated images, and focuses on rigorous interpolation. We propose novel techniques to remove occlusions, for both calibrated and uncalibrated cases, and to interpolate the virtual image using both intensity and depth.
Besides algorithms, quantitative analysis is important to effectively control the quality and cost of IBR systems. We analyze the rendering quality of IBR algorithms using per-pixel depth. Working on the spatial domain, we consider the IBR problem as a nonuniform interpolation problem of the virtual image or the surface texture. The rendering errors can be quantified using the sample errors and jitters. We approximate the actual samples, in the virtual image plane or object surfaces, as a generalized Poisson process, and bound the jitters caused by noisy depth estimates. We derive bounds for the mean absolute error (MAE) for two classes of IBR algorithms: image-space interpolation and object-space interpolation. The bounds highlight the effects of depth and intensity estimate errors, the scene geometry and texture, the number of actual cameras, their positions and resolution. We find that, in smooth regions, MAE decays as O (λ−2) for 2D scenes and as O (λ−1) for 3D scenes, where λ is the local sample density.
Finally, motivated by multichannel sampling applications, we consider hybrid filter banks consisting of fractional delay operators, analog analysis filters, slow A/D converters, digital expanders, and digital synthesis filters to approximate a fast A/D converter. The synthesis filters are to be designed to minimize the maximum gain of an induced error system. We show the equivalence of this system to a digital system, used to design the synthesis filters using control theory tools, including model-matching and linear matrix inequality. The designed system is robust against delay estimate errors.


The main objective of this study is to analyze the influence of a wind farm on the variables that control the flow in the atmospheric boundary layer. The simulated period was the whole year of 2008, using a control simulation performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF), and the wind farm model (the WRF model with the module Fitch, which parameters the influence of wind turbines on atmospheric flow). Both simulations using the Yonsei-University (YSU) boundary layer parameterization. From the control simulation is made the validation of the model, using observational data collected in two automatic stations of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) in the cities of Alegrete-RS and Quaraí-RS. The wind farm idealized in this work has 100 wind generators of 3 MW of power with 120 m in height and with rotor measuring 125 m in diameter. Although the wind speed responds adequately, the temperature and turbulence of near-surface runoff decrease. Analysis of the dependence of near-surface turbulence with vertical stability indicates that the turbulence being generated by the turbines is not reaching the surface. This problem may be related to the chosen boundary layer parameterization.


The culture of signboards is the symbol of the many developing cities and the prosperous capitalism in Korea. The streets of Korea are lined on both sides with all of kinds of signboard. But the culture of signboards of Korea is in a state of disorder and more or less lawless. We need to study the language of signboard. We have surveyed each 500-1000 stores of 17 cities of Korea in 2000. First we analyzed the whole name of stores into two parts: Whole name = unique name + name of business type. The language of whole name of signboards are also mixed and confused by native(indigenous) Korean words(5.6%), sino-Chinese words(36.8%), special letters(1.3%), and borrowing words(56.3%). The 75.1% of borrowing words are the English, next French, Unidentified words, German, Konglish, Italian, and etc. The linguistic units of whole signboard name are word, phrase, clause, sentence, and text. The ratio of word type is 94.3%, phrase type 4.5% and etc. The letter types of signboard are Hangeul, Chinese letter, Roman alphabet, and etc.. The ratio of Hangeul type is 72.7%, Roman alphabet type 22.7%, Chinese letter type 1.9%. The number of incorrect writing of borrowing words is about 250. ex: 프라자>플라자, 샵>숍, 센타>센터, 크럽>클럽, 쇼파>소파, 칼라>컬러, 빠리>파리, 스넥>스낵, 부페>뷔페, 로얄>로열. Recently Korean native language of signboard increase gradually. Therefore we have to encourage the use of native words positively instead of prohibiting the use of borrowing words negatively. Ethically signboard language need to show the publicity, fidelity, and dignity.


We report a patient with asymptomatic left atrial appendage aneurysm. Cardiac magnetic resonance was performed to further delineate the aneurysm, and the patient underwent successful surgical resection. compared to a previous CXR taken 5 years earlier, which only showed a small bulging of the left upper cardiac border. Electrocardiogram showed normal sinus rhythm. A transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiogram showed left atrial appendage (LAA) aneurysm (Figure 2). To further delineate the aneurysm and the anatomical relationship with other structures, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) was performed. CMR confirmed large LAA aneurysm measuring 4.8 x 6.9 x 5.3 cm, communicating with the left atrium via a wide neck, compressing the lateral wall of the left ventricle, and without evidence of thrombus (Figure 3). The left atrial size was normal, without mitral stenosis or regurgitation. Although asymptomatic, the patient underwent surgical resection of the LAA (Figure 4) in view of the risk of potential life-threatening complications. Macroscopic examination


Objective A tendency has been prevalence that the opera ti on of the cleft lip repair could be performed as early as possible now. Many neo nates who had a cleft lip have had a repair operation in their early days. In th is paper we designed a case-matched study on repair of cleft lip in neonate and 3-month-old infant to investigate the pros and cons of neonatal cleft lip repa ir. Methods The clinical data of cases with cleft lip repair th at we performed in recent 5 years were reviewed, and the patients were divided i nto 2 groups: neonatal group and 3-month-old infant group. Each group included 16 cases, which matched to each other, respectively. The results of the operati on between the 2 groups were compared. The questionnaires were sent to their par ents, and then the feedback information was statistically analyzed. Resu lts All the patients of the two groups were well survived during the op eration. Unfortunately, two patients in the neonatal group suffered from the avu lsion of the incision. The incision scar of the neonatal group was as same as th at of the 3-month-old infant group. There were no significant differences betwe en two groups on the anxious affection of family member when the patient was bor n ( P 0.05 ). The parents of the second group were more satisfacted with the results of the repair operation than those of the first group ( the satisfac tory rates, 86.7 % and 71.4 %, respectively) ( P 0.05). Only 42.9 % parents in neonatal group and 33.3 % in 3-month-old infant group considered that they were informed the knowledge about the cleft lip care from obstetricians, kin, o r from other routes ( P 0.05). The rates of second cheiloplasty had signific ant difference between 2 groups (42.9 % in neonatal group and 6.7 % in 3-month -old infant group)( P 0.05). Conclusions Neonatal cleft li p repair can be taken if the operation performer has a good understanding of it. It can effectively diminish the nervous stress that the parents suffered as ear ly as possible. But it may cause more severe secondary deformities in 3-month- old infant repair. There is no evidence that less incision scar will be resulted from neonatal cleft lip repair.


The purpose of this study was to compare and to evaluate the combination use of 5 kinds of dentin adhesive systems and 5 kinds of composite resins using micro-shear bond test. Five adhesive systems (Prime & Bond NT (PBN). Onecoat bond (OC), Excite (EX), Syntac (SY), Clearfil SE bond (CS)) and five composite resins (Spectrum (SP), Synergy Compact (SC), Tetric Ceram (TC), Clearfil AP-X (CA), Z100 (Z1)) were used for this study (, n =14/group). The slices of horizontally sectioned human tooth were bonded with each bonding system and each composite resin, and tested by a micro-shear bond strength test. These results were analyzed statistically. The mean micro-shear bond strength of dentin adhesive systems were in order of CS (22.642 MPa), SY (18.368 MPa), EX (14.599 MPa). OC (13.702 MPa). PBN (12.762 MPa). The mean bond strength of self-etching primer system group (CS, SY) in dentin was higher than that of self-priming adhesive system groups (PBN, EX, OC) significantly (P


Paclitaxel (Taxol) from Taxus brevifolia is an antimitotic drug that is successfully used in the fight against many different types of cancers. However, exclusion of paclitaxel from the central nervous system by the blood-brain barrier is a major obstacle for paclitaxel-based treatment of glioma. Here, we propose a mathematical model for the transport of paclitaxel across the blood-brain barrier based on ordinary differential equations, which considers (i) passive diffusion across the lumenal and the apical membrane of brain capillaries, (ii) lumenal blood-binding and binding to microtubules within the brain capillary endothelial cells, and (iii) active transport of paclitaxel from the endothelial cells to the vascular lumen by p-glycoprotein. Further, we present parameter estimates for this model based on experimental data published previously. From these parameters, we estimated a saturated export capacity of 4 μmol/min, whereas inward diffusion cannot exceed 0.3 μmol/min with standard treatment protocols. Intracellular binding capacity for paclitaxel in brain capillary endothelial cells was low (Bmax = 6.30 μM). Further, our results give evidence that brain capillary endothelial cells are highly polarized with respect to the lipid composition of their lumenal and apical membrane. The model presented here might support rational development of targeting strategies in silico for efficiently delivering drugs across the blood-brain barrier.


A cancer vaccine consisting of an immunogenic peptide derived from the cancer-testis antigen (NY-ESO-1), an antigen found in normal testis and various tumors. Vaccination with NY-ESO-1 peptide vaccine may stimulate the host immune system to mount a humoral and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CT L) response to cells expressing NY-ESO-1 antigen, resulting in tumor cell lysis. Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020


The behaviour of female children, aged 7-15 year, neeeds further investigation particularly in dealing with predicting the number of desired children when they will enter the reproductive phase. Using the 1992 Susenas (Social Economic Survey) data set for Riau Province, we observe a neative association between the mother's education and the probability of female children not attending the formal school system. An increase in a grade of mother's education decrease the probability of female children, aged 7-15 years, not attending the formal school by about 0,035. The efect of mother's education is bigger for older age, 13-15 year, then for 7-12 year old children. The probability of female children which are not attending school is higher for those whats mother are working. This finding suggests to give much attention for female childre, who are not attending school, in order to meet the goals of family plannig programe in the future.


A novel master-slave tele-operation system is proposed in this paper. Different from the general tele-operation system, besides the CCD camera feedback is included in the system; the real-time haptic feedback is also used to control the robot arm in the distance. The system mainly consists of two parts, the master system and the slave system. The master system includes a haptic device (PHANTOM Omni), and the slave system includes a 6-DOF robot arm equipped with a CCD camera and a 3-DOF force sensor. The equivalent force acts on the robot arm will be exerted to the stylus of the haptic device, so the operator can adjust the position and direction of the robot arm in the distance according to the haptic feedback to the manipulator's hand. Two preliminary experiments have been performed to appraise the performance of the system. The experimental results indicate that the system has good operability and good performance on position tracking, and it is expected to be applied in the tele-surgical operation in the future.


This paper describes a programming environment that supports the development and execution of CSP programs. The prototype environment is primarily intended as a vehicle for learning CSP. Its strengths include graphical animations that illustrate the interactions of CSP processes as they execute. Its main limitations are that CSP programs do not execute particularly fast and that true parallelism is not supported. Both the functionality of the CSP environment and its somewhat unusual multi-language implementation are discussed.


Tongbai County of Henan Province is one of the high epidemic areas of bovine theileriosis.In 1985,gelatin protected schizont cell vaccine for 20,000 cattle was introduced.From Ningxia Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine against Theileria annulata.On the basis of regional tests,the vaccine was applied throughout 16 townships of the County.The annual investigation showed that the safety of the vaccine was 100%.Among the 15,000 cattle (including 4,500 water buffaloes) inoculated with the vaccine,only 3 cattle suffered from theileriosis.The incident rate was 0.02%.However of the 3600 un inoculated cattle,2060 heads suffered from the disease.The incident rate was 5.7%.The effective protection reached 99.98% with a significant social and economic effect.


What is the central question of this study? Although different studies have attempted to find factors that influence the expression of aquaporins (AQPs) in the lung in different situations, to date no research group has explored the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 jointly in rats mechanically ventilated with different tidal volumes in a model of ventilator‐induced lung injury. What is the main finding? Mechanical ventilation with a high tidal volume causes lung injury and oedema, increasing lung permeability. In rats ventilated with a high tidal volume, the pulmonary expression of AQP1 decreases.


A process is described for producing hot combustible gas free of sulfur, halogens and particulate matter. The process comprises passing oxygen, steam and/or carbon dioxide through a reaction zone containing an alkali or alkaline earth metal oxide, hydroxide, bicarbonate or carbonate and a carbonaceous fuel such as coal. The sulfur and halogen in the carbonaceous fuel are removed resulting in a combustible gas substantially free of sulfur, halogens and particulate matter. 4 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure.


With the analysis of the connotation of eduation capacity,the paper points out,as the main educational and teaching force in colleges and universities,young teachers are lack of teaching experience,education and teaching capacity,and their professional accomplishments need to be improved,although they have higher academic degrees as well as solid professional knowledge.Therefore,the countermeasures and suggestions have been put forward to enhance the construction of their education capacity.


BACKGROUND
Insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are known to affect the progression of chronic heart failure (CHF), but little evidence exists about the impact of IR and T2D on right ventricular dysfunction and exercise tolerance. Insights from the T.O.S.CA. Registry: Echocardiographic hallmarks and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) results were evaluated at baseline and after an average time of 36 months. T2D patients exhibited a greater intraventricular septum (IVS) thickness (11±2 mm, 10±2 mm, 10±2 mm, in T2D, IR, and EU, respectively; p<.05) and LV wall thickness (0.34±0.1, 0.32±0.1, and 0.32±0.1, in T2D, IR, and EU, respectively; p<.05). Moreover, T2D patients exhibited worse LV filling dynamics with larger left atrial volume index compared to IR and EU. Right ventricle dysfunction, expressed as a lower TAPSE/PASP ratio, was found in T2D [0.52(0.32-0.72)] than in EU and IR [0.60(0.30-0.90); p<.05]. T2D patients showed a significantly lower VO2 max peak when compared to IR and EU patients (15.8±3.8 vs. 16.5±4.3 vs. 18.4±4.3 ml/Kg/min; p<.003), with an inverse relationship between the HOMA-IR classes and VO2 max. Right ventricle structure and function deteriorated more rapidly in T2D, as suggested by more relevant deterioration in TAPSE/PASP ratio (-10% in EU patients, -14% in IR patients, -21% in T2D; p<.05).

COMMENTARY
The study findings suggest that the right ventricle structure, function, and cardiopulmonary performance deteriorate with IR and, more evidently, due to chronic exposure to hyperglycemia in T2D. Impaired exercise tolerance, poor cardiorespiratory fitness, diastolic dysfunction, and left atrial enlargement predispose patients to poor quality of life, suboptimal adherence to physical activity, and an overall increase in the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. In addition, chronic hyperglycemia accelerates the progression of these alterations, especially in patients with poor glycemic control over time. Highly selective and even more non-selective sodium glucose transporter type 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists should be considered as the first-line therapy for improving CV outcomes in T2D and CHF. Further studies are needed to understand the role of these molecules in treating pre-clinical conditions, such as IR and metabolic syndrome.


In the viewpoint of reliability implication and cost effectiveness of three phase inverter, there should be less device count in inverter topology and fewer losses in the semiconductor switches. The earlier reported less device count topology by many research groups are facing the problem of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). The imperfect design value of DC link capacitor is the main reason of Harmonic Distortion (THD) problem. The ripple in the dc link voltages of Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) is leads to additional harmonics distortion. This paper present the simulative view of minimization of the harmonic reduction in proposed topology using improved DC link capacitor. The said approach is verified using PSIM (Power Simulator) software.


A recent study in Blood Pressure Monitoring evaluated three blood pressure (BP) cuffs in combination with the Omron HEM-9210T device, tested according to ANSI/ AAMI/ISO validation standards. The author concludes that 'these newly developed cuffs have great clinical benefit for both medical and self-measurement environments' [1]. The study evaluated a wide-range cuff, intended for arm circumferences of 22–42 cm, together with two narrow-range cuffs intended for use just below and above this range.


Presentation of the case This is a case of a 43-year-old male presenting with short stature and heart failure. The patient was admitted at the medicine ward of the Philippine General Hospital (PGH) for dyspnea. This paper will investigate several issues: differentiating congenital from acquired hypothyroidism, the relationship between hypothyroidism and the cardiomyopathies, and the therapeutic options in patients with cardiomyopathy secondary to hypothyroidism. The patient had been born full term to a then 31-year- old Gravida 4 Para 3 (G4P3), the 4 th of 9 siblings, with an apparently unremarkable delivery at home facilitated by a traditional birth attendant. He was noted to be normal at birth. The patient was allegedly at par with age both physically and mentally until eight years old when he was said to have stopped growing in height. He was brought to a private doctor, whose diagnosis was undisclosed, and he was given medications to increase height, which the patient took for only one month with no improvement. Through the years, the patient was apparently well, although still of short stature, with thick lips, coarse facial features and dry skin. He was notably slow in ambulation. He was said to have bronchial asthma at age 15 years, and since then he had been taking salbutamol tablets occasionally for bouts of dyspnea occurring one to two times annually. The patient's symptoms started in 2001 when he was ABSTRACT Objective. To discuss the various factors contributory to maritime disaster preparedness in the Philippines, in the context of the sinking of the MV Dona Paz and formulate recommendations to address these factors. Method. Review of the state of maritime preparedness in the pre-disaster setting and the post-disaster response following the sinking of the MV Dona Paz by the government and responsible agencies. A scrutiny of the state of preparedness of concerned agencies and subsequent response to the disaster was conducted with the objective of formulating recommendations which may lead to prevention and mitigate loss of lives. Results. Multiple factors accounted for the occurrence of this tragedy. These factors include an inherent risk due to the geography of shipping lanes in the Philippines, the economic problems besetting the shipping industry and its labor force. Economic conditions prevent both the industry and government agencies from upgrading vessels and communications equipment. Lack of enforcement of existing regulations allows vessels to sail overloaded and at times manned by less-than- qualified crew. Delayed response and deficient post-disaster medical response may have led to a disproportionately high mortality. Conclusions. The systems inadequacies of the Philippine maritime disaster response mechanism are highlighted by the Dona Paz tragedy. Many of the factors contributing to the disproportionately high incidence of maritime disasters in the Philippines and the resulting loss of limb may be preventable. Recommendations on regulation and enforcement, disaster preparedness, search and rescue, and medical response are discussed.


The authors present a new approach to combined source-channel coding based on using the reliability information available from the Turbo-code channel decoder. Numerical results are presented for the transmission of the DCT coefficients of still images showing a noticeable improvement with respect to an ordinary, as well as a channel optimised quantiser.


Peace is a protean concept that equally eludes academics and practitioners on the one hand and perpetrators and victims on the other hand. However, this conundrum has not discouraged the preoccupation of peace and conflict studies with fixing the definition of peace once and for all for immediate export to war zones. In this essay, I review the timely book of Rethinking Peace: Discourse, Memory, Translation, and Dialogue which explicitly aims at not only rethinking peace but also providing self-reflexive viable alternatives. My review proceeds according to two steps: first, I identify the key themes of each part and of each chapter; second, I situate the edited volume in a context characterized by two increasingly significant conversations, the interpretivist turn and the decolonizing of knowledge, that at times overlap.


Azacitidine (Vidaza®) is the standard treatment for patients with higher‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) not eligible for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. In the noninterventional study PIAZA, we evaluated the effectiveness and safety of azacitidine treatment in 149 patients with higher‐risk MDS, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in routine clinical practice.


We present an analysis of the pulsed waveguide modes (recently introduced in [1, 2]) and their propagation constants for an X-ray capillary laser. The optical losses of the pulse-waveguide modes are calculated for the SiO2 - capillary laser operating in the spectral region λ = 0.62 - 12.4 nm. We shows that the guiding effect plays the important role in. the laser-beam formation. By employing the pulsed-mode approach, we calculate the angle intensity-distribution of the output radiation.


ABSTRACT Pile groups are frequently used to support bridge decks. Scour in the vicinity of piles is the main cause for the bridges failure. In this research, to address the effects of uniform and nonuniform pile spacing on the equilibrium scour depth, laboratory experiments were carried out under steady clear-water conditions. For this purpose, scour depth produced by pile group with various pile spacing and arrangement was investigated using a laboratory flume. Flume bed was covered by uniform sediments with a median size of 0.9 mm and 0.2 m thickness. Flow discharge and velocity as well as scour depth were recorded in each experiment and the data were analyzed. The results showed that the pile spacing influences the local scour depth and with increase in uniform and transverse (perpendicular to the flow) spacing, the maximum scour depth was reduced. The pile spacing variation in line with the flow has a minor effect on scour depth. In addition, the pile spacing perpendicular to the flow was with the most influences on scour depth. The results of this research can be used by engineers to optimize the design of bridges.


Nanoscale optical band gap variations in epitaxial thin films of two different spinel ferrites, i.e., NiFe2O4 (NFO) and CoFe2O4 (CFO), have been investigated by spatially resolved high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. Experimentally, both NFO and CFO show indirect/direct band gaps around 1.52 eV/2.74 and 2.3 eV, and 1.3 eV/2.31 eV, respectively, for the ideal inverse spinel configuration with considerable standard deviation in the band gap values for CFO due to various levels of deviation from the ideal inverse spinel structure. Direct probing of the regions in both the systems with tetrahedral A site cation vacancy, which is distinct from the ideal inverse spinel configuration, shows significantly smaller band gap values. The experimental results are supported by the density functional theory based modified Becke-Johnson exchange correlation potential calculated band gap values for the different cation configurations.


We succeeded in the synthesis of two types of PtCo alloy catalysts supported on Ta-doped SnO2 without using carbon black additives. The PtCo disordered alloy supported on Ta-SnO2 (BET surface area,...


The present application relates to novel benzyl-substituted carbamates, a process for their preparation, their use alone or in combinations for the treatment and / or prophylaxis of diseases and their use for producing medicaments for the treatment and / or prophylaxis of diseases, especially for the treatment and / or prophylaxis of cardiovascular diseases.


360-degree videos is a new medium that has gained the attention of the research community imposing challenges for creating more interactive and engaging immersive experiences. The purpose of this study is to introduce a set of technical and design challenges for interactive, gamified 360-degree mixed reality applications that immerse and engage users. The development of gamified applications refers to the merely incorporation of game elements in the interaction design process to attract and engage the user through playful interaction with the virtual world. The study presents experiments with the incorporation of series of game elements such as time pressure challenges, badges and user levels, storytelling narrative and immediate visual feedback to the interaction design logic of a mixed reality mobile gaming application that runs in an environment composed of 360-degree video and 3D computer generated objects. In the present study, the architecture and overall process for creating such an application is being presented along with a list of design implications and constraints. The paper concludes with future directions and conclusions on improving the level of immersion and engagement of 360-degree video consumers.


EnglishIn Els Marges 111, Narcis Garolera argued that the name «Rodes» given to the monastery of Sant Pere, in the Emporda region, is wrong and must be replaced by the more genuine «Roda». This article shows that «Rodes» was always the form used by the community itself and generally accepted until well into the nineteenth-century, at the earliest. Later scholars used either, but «Roda» is associated with the generalized use of Spanish as the language of culture and with the Castilianization of place-names. As for Joan Coromines defence of it, it rests on a mistaken notion, the re-creation of a hypothetical Celtic place-name. Catalan writers used it with any frequency only from the nineteenth century to around 1980, when «Rodes» was restored without any opposition catalaEn un article del num. 111 d'Els Marges, N. Garolera opina que la denominacio de Rodes del monestir empordanes de sant Pere es espuria i cal substituir-la per Roda, mes genuina. En contra, es mostra que la primera va ser usada sempre pel cenobi, reconegut aixi fins entrat el segle XIX, almenys. Els erudits moderns feren servir ambdues, i generalment Roda va associada a la castellanitzacio del registre culte i de la toponimia. La defensa feta per J. Coromines es basa en pressuposits erronis, en un toponim recreat i suposadament celtic. Els escriptors catalans nomes l'han emprada amb extensio des del vuit-cents fins cap al 1980, quan la forma Rodes fou restablerta sense conflicte.


This study aims to explore the honest character of orphanage children and its implications for strengthening character education. The exploratory approach is carried out to identify the honest character values of foster children in the orphanage and their implications for strengthening character education which will be used for the development of character values in the orphanage. The research method used is qualitative research with a phenomonelogical approach. Collecting data by interviewing techniques with administrators and caregivers of orphanages and foster children. Observations were made to see the application of honest character in the daily lives of foster children. This research produces a general description of the foster children in the orphanage, starting from the background of the condition of the foster children, family motivation in entrusting children to the orphanage, identifying honest character values in the daily activities of orphaned children in the orphanage, both in speaking and also in attitude and value development - values of honest character of orphanage children and their implications for character education.


ABSTRACT Regional integration has been promoted in Africa for decades. However, the potential effects of regional integration on Africa are still contested. To analyse whether intraregional trade can be an opportunity to stimulate product or intersectoral upgrading in East Africa, this paper compares the technological level of goods in intraregional and extra-regional trade of five East Africa countries. It finds that the five East Africa countries have performed better in exporting technology-based products to intraregional trading partners than to extra-regional ones. This result suggests the continued expansion of intraregional trade will be helpful for these nations to upgrade their existing industrial base through the growth of technology-based sectors. In addition, because they import larger amounts of technology-based products from extra-regional partners, gradual import substitution could be also an effective strategy to further diversify and upgrade industries.


Background Historical data suggest 15% of laboratory animal workers develop IgE sensitisation and 10% symptoms of laboratory animal allergy (LAA), including occupational asthma. Individually ventilated cages (IVCs) are replacing conventional open cages; we sought to evaluate their impact on the development of LAA. Methods We surveyed 750 laboratory animal workers and measured airborne Mus m 1 (mouse allergen) levels in seven UK institutions. We compared the prevalence of sensitisation to mouse proteins (by specific IgE assay or skin prick test) and of work-related allergic symptoms in IVC-only and open cage units. Results Full-shift Mus m 1 levels were lower in IVC than open cage units (geometric mean 1.00 (95% CI 0.73–1.36) versus 8.35 (95% CI 6.97–9.95) ng·m−3; p<0.001), but varied eight-fold across the IVC units (geometric mean range 0.33–4.12 ng·m−3). Primary analyses on data from 216 participants with ≤3 years exposure to mice revealed a lower prevalence of sensitisation in those working in IVC units compared with conventional cage units (2.4% (n=2) versus 9.8% (n=13); p=0.052). Sensitisation in IVC units varied from 0% to 12.5%; the use of fitted respiratory protection was less common in IVC units where prevalence of sensitisation was higher. Work-related allergy symptoms were more frequently reported by mouse-sensitised individuals (46.7% versus 10.9%; p<0.001) and only by those working in open cage units. Conclusion In contemporary practice, LAA is now largely preventable with the use of IVC systems and the judicious use of appropriate respiratory protection. Laboratory animal allergy, an important form of occupational asthma, can be prevented in modern research units using a multifaceted approach including individually ventilated cages to contain aeroallergen exposure and careful use of respiratory protection http://ow.ly/r6dM30oj3Ij


Background: Anemia is a common, multifactorial condition in the elderly; it is prevalence increases with age which adversely affects older adult's general health and physical activity. Rural elderly are more prone to becoming anemic due to lack of medical facilities and poor economic conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between anemia and physical activity among elderly in rural areas, Sharkia governorate. Design: A cross-sectional descriptive design was utilized in the study. Setting: The study was conducted at Sharkiat Mobasher Village, Elibrahemya District, Sharkia Governorate. Sample: A systematic random sampling technique of 150 elderly, then anemic elderly were selected and given the nutritional guidelines. Tools: Four tools were used to collect the study data: I) A structured interview sheet. II) The Mini Nutritional Assessment short form (MNA). III) Assessment of elderly's activity level [Katz scale for activities of daily life (ADLs) & International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form]. IV) Laboratory investigations [complete blood count (CBC) & stool analysis]. Results: The study results revealed that the prevalence of anemia among the studied elderly was 36.7%. The anemic elderly had poorer physical activity level and more disability in activities of daily living than non-anemic elderly. Conclusion: Anemia representing an important health problem among older individuals and had an adverse effect on the elderly's physical activity. Recommendation: Health education programs to increase the elderly awareness about the importance of periodic medical check-up and healthy life habits.


With Web technology, data on internet has become increasingly large and complex. No matter users or internet users needs all this data. Also the data which is available on web not all the time useful information or it is knowledgeable. Hence web data mining is necessary to fulfill this demand. Web data mining can extract unstructured, undiscovered data which is possibly useful information and knowledge, from much incomplete, noisy, ambiguous, random, practical application related data from WWW network. It is a new emerging commercial information/data mining technology. Its main characteristic is to extract key data to support business for decision making from business database through the use of extraction, conversion, analysis and other transaction models. Web service is deployed on the web with an object or component to achieve distributed application software platform through a series of protocols. Web Service platform provides a set of standard types systems, rules, techniques and internet service-oriented applications for communication between the different platforms, different programming languages and different types of systems to achieve interoperability. This paper gives the actual and practical application of web services for data mining, we build a data mining model based on Web services and going forward it is possible to implement the new data mining solution for security configuration. This has been achieved with the use of prototypes of a dynamic web service based data mining systems. Keywords-pivoting, Data Mining, SQL, Web services. __________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________


The structure of cholesteryl 17-bromoheptadecanoate has been determined by X-ray diffraction; the 2 molecules in the asymmetric unit differ mainly in the conformation about the chain carbon atoms near the ester group and there are alternating regions with cholesterol and hydrocarbon chain packing (O⊥).


Only in being pleased at what is done can I Judge it as right. Kant is correct, nevertheless, then niy motive is not the object of my Judgment's concern. In working to make a good Judgment, it is not pleasure but die right result that one seeks. In taking the Jury's decision to be right, one is pleased at it—one takes pleasure in it. At the same time, it would shift attention from Judgment's proper object to find the point of die Justice of the decision in one's having been pleased.


This study examines the anticonvulsant profile of some medicinal plants (astragalus mongolicus, corydalis sibirica, scutellaria baicalensis and Chelidonium majus ) and antioxidant effects of Astragalus mongolicus and Chelidonium majus . Astragalus mongolicus and Chelidonium majus extracts possessed a significant dose-dependent scavenging effect on hydroxyl and lipid radicals by an in vitro ESR technique. Astragalus mongolicus (150 and 300mg/kg) and Scutellaria baicalensis (150 and 300mg/kg) extracts had anticonvulsant activities in the Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). Maximal Scutellaria baicalensis in a dose of 150 and 300mg/kg significantly shortened the latency period seizures in the maximal electroshock (MES). Corydalis sibirica (150mg/kg) and Chelidonium majus (150 and 300mg/kg) extracts didn't influence on latency period in the PTZ and MES models. All extracts improved losing memory by passive avoidance task (longterm memory) and significantly didn't influence on drinking punishment in the Vogel's test. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v0i4.37 Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences 2007 No 4 pp.3-16


This study probes in to the relationship between organization structure and perceptions of innovation in the pharmaceutical sector of India. Structure includes formalization, centralization, concentration of authority and participation in decision making. Innovation is measured by perceived innovation, that is, the perception of innovation in the organization. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews. Results were analyzed using both quantitative (statistical) and qualitative (content analysis) techniques. Positive relationship was found between participation in decision making and perceived innovation. Negative relationship was found between centralization and perceived innovation, and between concentration of authority and perceived innovation. No significant relationship was found between formalization and perceived innovation. Introduction The word organization comes from Greek organon, which denotes 'coherent system or unit where independent parts work as one' (Arora, Belenzon & Rios, 2014). Structure not only shapes innovation but plays an active role in successful implementation. Therefore the distinguishing organizational characteristics of innovative firms are of interest to researchers (Souitaris, 2002; Subramanian & Nilakanta, 1996). The design and practice of organization can be optimized to provide a base for constant innovation (Moore, 2004). In order to remain competitive in the global business world, organizations may need to change their systems that are run like machines and where the top leaders decide everything important (Duin & Baer, 2010). Arora, Belenzon & Rios (2014) propose that firms pursuing innovations need a well-matched supporting structure for the purpose of innovations. Broadly innovation not only includes development of new products and services, but also new operating practices, processes, managerial tactics and even business strategies. It may not always be a process of creating, rather a process of building, improving and adapting (Youtie, 2003). Subramanian and Nilakanta (1996) in their research found relationship between organizational characteristics and firm innovativeness. According to them innovativeness is a multidimensional construct. Organizational characteristics they studied were centralization, formalization and specialization. Truly innovative organizations, according to Subramanian (1996), are those that exhibit innovative behavior consistently over time. He proposes that an organization's strategic orientation reflects long-term or temporally enduring behaviors, innovativeness is also an enduring organizational trait. An organization's structure can probably best be studied by using perceptual measures. Researchers like Reddy (cited in Pestonjee, 1997), Singh and Pestonjee (1988), among many others, have studied and measured organization structure as a perceptual/behavioral variable. The current study is an exploratory research, partly behavioral in nature. A fairly new variable, perceived innovation, has been introduced in this study. The objective is to study the relationship between components of organization structure and perceived innovation in the pharmaceutical industry of India. Literature Review Studies by Lewis, Welsh, Dehler and Green (2002) suggests that formalization discourages idea generation due to inflexibility that constrains creativity. Schultz and Schilling (1998), analyzed the impact of 'rule density' and found that the more solutions to problems are codified into rules, lower is the probability of discovering solutions that have not been explained by existing rules. Accumulation of too many rules in the organization can give rise to inflexibility and decreased opportunities for innovation, because rule-based activities consume more time and energy of employees. Shadur, Kienzle and Rodwell (1999) found that in bureaucratic organizations, formalized employee participation led to tension as employees seek greater flexibility for informal problem-solving. …


Some bicyclic ethers containing a cyclopropane ring, i.e., 3-oxabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane derivatives, have been synthesized. Two methods have been used in the syntheses of these compounds. One of them has been the dehydration of cis-1,2-dimethylolcyclopropane derivatives, and the other, the addition of some carbenes to 2,5-dihydrofuran. The Simmons-Smith method has also been adopted. The NMR spectra of these bicyclic ethers have been examined. The types of their spectra are fairly simple. The chemical shifts and the coupling constant of some protons have also been measured. Attempts to polymerize these bicyclic ethers, unfortunately, have been unsuccessful.


This paper aims to highlight issues on differences in definitions and terminologies of specific learning disabilities used in Malaysia compared to those used in some other countries based on published and unpublished materials on learning disabilities/specific learning disabilities. In Malaysia, a broad generic definition of ' learning disabilities' is adopted and this approach post challenges in providing support and services for those with this disabilities. Lack of standardized and culturally sensitive measurements and the limited number of professionals with specialized training to deal with identification of those with specific learning disabilities are other challenges faced in this country. This paper advocates a review of the current definitions of specific learning disabilities to one that can better guide planning and provision of appropriate services to the target group in Malaysia.


In general, doctors must obtain a patient's consent to treatment before delivering the treatment. Most of the legal cases claiming negligence in treatment relate to surgical procedures but the same principles hold true for non-invasive or medical treatments. Some medical treatments, such as antipsychotic drugs, may have long-term side-effects. A doctor may have to pay compensation to a patient who suffers adverse effects from treatment which was delivered negligently or if the doctor has not given sufficient information to the patient who then suffers the adverse event of which they were not warned was a possibility.