The present research work was undertaken to compare the expression of paternally imprinted (P57KIP2, Grb10 and Xist) and maternally imprinted gene (Dlk1) among diploid parthenogenetic (DIP), female sexed in vivo and female sexed in vitro produced embryonic cell colony. The good quality caprine oocytes were matured in presence of cytochalasin B (CCB) and activated by ethanol (7%) for 5 min followed by incubation with 2 mM 6-dimethyl amino purine (DMAP) for 4 h for DIP embryos production. In vivo embryo was collected by surgical method from 10 super ovulated goats using Pluset®. In vitro embryos were produced by maturation of good quality oocyte followed by fertilization with superior male germplasm from the institute flock. Embryonic cell colony were developed from 8 to 16 and morula stage DIP, IVF and in vivo derived embryos. These colonies were used for studying the paternal and maternal imprinted genes expression. Karyotyping and sexing of embryonic cell colony was done to get only female sexed colony for this purpose. Paternally imprinted genes (P57KIP2, Grb10 and Xist) showed more expression in DIP compared to in vivo and IVF derived embryonic cell colony. The expression of maternally imprinted genes (Dlk1) was low in DIP compared to in vivo and IVF derived embryonic cell colony. The present study demonstrated that the expression profile of both paternal and maternally imprinted genes were perturbed, which may be responsible for developmental failure of parthenogenetic embryos to full term following parthenogenetic embryo transfer in goat.


Objective
To investigate the variation of coagulation parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients with microvascular complication.

Methods
Coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters were measured in 40 healthy controls(control group) and 80 T2DM patients(T2DM group) with (47 patients) and without (33 patients) microvasular complications.

Results
Compared with those in control group, the serum levels of fibrinogenand D-D dimmersin in T2DM group were found to be increased significantly: (4.29±1.70) mg/L vs. (3.12±0.49) mg/L, 0.395 (0.265-0.910) mg/L vs. 0.215 (0.163-0.300) mg/L, P< 0.05; while the activity of antithrombin III and protein S levels were significantly decreased in T2DM group: (94.11±25.04)% vs. (103.90±12.48)%,(70.23±23.22)% vs. (90.35±17.35)%, P<0.05. Amongst the T2DM patients, the serum levels of APTT, fibrinogen,D-D dimmers, and the activity of protein S in patients with microvascular complication were found to be significantly higher than those in patients without microvascular complication:(38.09±5.73) s vs. (34.53±4.13) s,(4.60±1.93) mg/L vs.(3.86±1.21) mg/L, 0.630(0.320-1.200) mg/L vs 0.310(0.240-0.405) mg/L, (79.4±22.16)% vs. (57.15±18.05)%, P<0.05.

Conclusion
Hypercoagulable state and decreased anti-coagulation ability may contribute to the risk of development of microvascular complication in T2DM patients.

Key words:
Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Microvascular complication; Blood coagulation; Anti-coagulation


The normative naturalism proposed by Larry Laudan cannot avoid some unjustified a priori or intuitive premises, a situation that contradicts his explicit purpose of proposing a meta-methodology without these kinds of assumptions. Naturalized scientific methodology only wants to be as empirical as science itself and it does not want to be so neither more nor less. Thus, and if empirical science needs a priori or intuitive premises, then a naturalized methodology of science can also have them. Yet, then, the distinction between a naturalized scientific methodology and a traditional one is at the most a question of nuance, given that both have a priori premises.


It is not often that Egyptology features in US presidential campaigns, but such was the case back in November when Republican candidate Ben Carson asserted that the pyramids of Egypt were built not for burials but as grain stores. He had held this view for some time, apparently ascertaining it from the biblical narrative that tells how Joseph was sold into slavery in Egypt, rose to be the pharaoh's right-hand man and built grain stores in the seven years of plenty to prepare for the seven lean years to follow (Genesis 41). Whether or not there is some historical truth behind that story, a leap of faith of an entirely different order is required to believe that the pyramids were the grain stores in question. Carson's theory has been widely—and quite properly—dismissed, and one could well ask, does it matter? But surely it must. Ignorance of the past among politicians, and the public at large, is not encouraging, and if they take so little notice of evidence from archaeology, will they do any better elsewhere?


OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to determine and compare the position of the mental foramen MF in the north and south Indian populations using Panoramic radiographs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 100 Panoramic radiographs were selected from the archives of PMNM Dental College and the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, of which 50 radiographs belonged to a north Indian population and 50 radiographs belonged to a local population of Bagalkot Karnataka. The position of the MF was classified into 6 positions depending on the relationship to the mandibular teeth. The distance from the superior border of the MF to the lower border of the mandible was also measured.

RESULTS
The most common position of the MF was along the long axis of the second premolar in the north Indian population and in south Indian populations it was found to be between the first and second premolar. Descriptive analysis was used to compare the distance between the superior border of the mental foramen and the lower border of the mandible bilaterally.

CONCLUSION
There was a significant difference in the position of the MF between the north and south Indian populations.


The theory of energy regeneration in electric vehicle (EV) has been introduced in most papers, but the mathematic model of EV energy regeneration system was little studied. In this paper the mathematic model of EV energy regeneration system is studied,and then the system ability under four control strategies is analyzed. In the end the system reliability is researched, and the calcula-tion model of system reliability is proposed.


The stem-bark of Pavetta owariensis var. owariensis is used in Guinean traditional medicine as an anthelmintic. Previous biological and chemical investigations reported the in vivo and/or in vitro anthelmintic, antischistosomal, antiviral and antibacterial properties along with the presence of a wide range of proanthocyanidins possessing a doubly-linked structure and ferulic acid esters substances. From the stem-bark, five previously known quinic acid esters have been isolated for the first time. Their structures have been established by means of FAB-mass, 1H and 13CNMR spectroscopy.


Various alkyl and aryl carboxynitrenes generated thermally from the azidoformates react with para-di-t-butylbenzene with a high degree of selectivity to yield predominantly, or exclusively, 3,6-di-t-butylazepine-N-carboxylates. 3,6-Dialkylazepines react readily with tetracyanoethylene to afford the first known TCNR-1H-azepine cycloadducts of the 1,6 type.


Before the Revolution the Prosecutors" Supervision was the main tool which ensured the state policy in the sentencing monitoring. Thereupon, a prosecutor had broad legal opportunities, including administrative and remedy ones. In addition to this, a prosecutor was to participate in NGOs" activity which concerned custody cases. The sphere of prosecutor"s activity included legal evaluation of jail and preliminary imprisonment, sentencing monitoring and sentence execution providing. Realizing these activities a prosecutor was to monitor the disciplinary practice inside prisons, to secure the prisoners" particular rights (such as a right to appeal, right to meeting, etc), to provide the sentencing, and to participate in sentence case trials. The Prosecutor was also empowered by a complex of latitudes with a comprehensive legal character including consent to disciplinary measures infliction, right to discharge of the jail and preliminary imprisonment, right to prison chief indication and etc. There were many custody monitoring agents at the first stage of the Soviet custody control developing. Almost all of them in addition to control functions executed preliminary investigation, justice activity and sentencing. All of them were under supervising of the Soviet organs of different levels. The main focus of their control activity was fixed on monitoring of the jail and preliminary imprisonment which was imposed with a class approach instead of legal evaluation of case circumstances. Custody monitoring during the first years of the Soviet Republic was characterized by such features as partial restoration of the formal prerevolutionary trial and social forms of imprisonment control, total lack of legal experience, wide application of local rule-making and a consecutive class approach. Particularly, the custody monitoring process in that period was an additional duty of new revolutionary agents which was given to them by the Soviets organs (Revolutionary Committees) of different levels. There was no clear idea about the goals, sphere of activity, forms and the system of agents which could provide imprisonment monitoring. It happened due to the difficult situation caused by the Civil War and the Intervention.


To estimate the location of a low-frequency target in the complex environment of shallow seas, both real-time properties and accuracy must be considered. In this paper, a multichannel information fusion method is proposed for estimating the location of a target based on a single vector hydrophone. First, a window signal fusion algorithm is proposed, which combines the EM algorithm to achieve adaptive signal extraction. The RNN used later realized the self-localization of the sound source. The results show that the fixed-dynamic window based on the steepest rising segment of Shannon entropy can divide a very short signal sample into a sufficient number of signal sets and the signal self-replenishment based on the EM algorithm can further strengthen the characteristics of different signal segments on the basis of replenishing the signal. Compared with other networks, the RNN has the highest accuracy and stability for this type of location estimation of an acoustic source based on the time-domain signal. The experimental results indicate that in the shallow sea environment, this model only depends on a single vector hydrophone to collect signals and rapidly locate the acoustic source, and the error radius is controlled within 1.5 m.


The invention belongs to the technical field of high pier slip-form construction, and particularly relates to a simultaneous slip-form construction device of a multi-limb thin-walled hollow high pier to solve the problems that when a traditional slip-form construction technology is used for construction of the multi-limb high pier, the construction cycle is long, cost is high, construction quality is low and the safety control difficulty is high. The simultaneous slip-form construction device comprises a slip-form portion, a lifting portion and a cargo transportation portion. The slip-form portion comprises panels of the multi-limb high pier and a truss, wherein the panels are connected into a whole through the truss which is of a symmetrical structure. The simultaneous slip-form construction device of the multi-limb high pier has the advantages that the defect that loads are uneven in the slip-form construction process is overcome; multiple construction working faces are formed and can alternately work, and therefore waiting time of concrete casting is shortened; the construction schedule is accelerated, meanwhile, investment for cranes or concrete pumps is reduced, and the construction cost is reduced; the influences of unfavorable weather on construction are reduced, and the construction quality and the continuity of slip-form construction are ensured; construction efficiency is improved, and the overall construction period is shortened by 50% or more.


prevention of this response with typespecific immune serum has recently been reported by Harris and Henle.1 Similar lymphocytopenic responses were also demonstrated after the injection of mumps virus, rough pneumococci, and nucleoproteins derived from hemolytic streptococci, t The possibility existed that this phenomenon might be evoked by a wide number of infectious agents. Of particular interest to us was the consideration that it might be useful in the study of the causative agents of poliomyelitis, infectious hepatitis, and infectious mononucleosis. The purpose of this paper is to report the results of experiments with


The exciting story of the clinical use of imatinib mesylate for the treatment of leukemias driven by the bcr/abl mutation began in the late 1990s and dramatic effectiveness was immediately apparent in all stages of the diseases. Although there was concern that these benefits might not persist, we


Political conservatism has been linked to motivated forms of social cognition, sensitivity to threat, and defensive cognitive styles. The present research examined whether liberal-conservative political ideology was associated with self-enhancement using large Internet samples across eight studies (N=13,002). Meta-analysis of these results revealed that the tendency to make overly positive self-evaluations was positively associated with general political conservatism, social conservatism, economic conservatism, and conservative patterns of moral foundation endorsement (.12 ≤ rrandom ≤ .13; .07 ≤ rfixed ≤ .10), even after controlling for key demographic variables (.08 ≤ rrandom ≤ .16; .03 ≤ rfixed ≤ .09). These findings suggest that, above and beyond previously studied variables, multiple forms of political conservatism predict a strengthened tendency to evaluate the self in an overly positive way.


Internships are a critical and valuable element in construction education. They provide work-based learning through real-world project experience. Yet, the United States lags behind Europe and other countries in the exploration of research opportunities during work-based learning experiences. Within construction education in the United States, goals and focus of graduate and undergraduate internships differ, and little research exists documenting best practices for graduate internships. This article presents a case study of a successful three-way partnership between industry, faculty, and students that highlights the benefits and opportunities of Masters level graduate internships to generate valuable, applied research. While undergraduate construction internships focus primarily on professional training, graduate construction internships present a unique multi-faceted opportunity to deliver meaningful industry-supported research, increasing the value of the graduate-level educational experience for multiple stakeholders. Industry benefits from cost effective, high quality and objective analysis and feedback. Faculty benefit from timely research questions, access to data, and financial partnering. Finally, graduate students benefit from greater professional exposure and mentorship, unique work-based research, and higher confidence that their research will be relevant and applicable. The documented case study generates a framework where graduate-internships enhance master level construction education in the United States and beyond.


The extended release spheroids was Formulated using Ethyl Cellulose, Povidone and Triacetin as a Coating material and evaluated the effect of change in weight build up on drug release profile. Optimization of extended release coating by 19% build up of EC/PVP-K30 of formulation (F4), in which the formulation is formulated by Reservoir system and the drug release depends on coating thickness of EC/PVP-K30. As concentration of coating weight buildup increases. which increases the thickness of coating on the reservoir system hence release retarded and transformed into an extended release system.


In a typical Euclidean three-dimensional colour space such as CIELAB, the 'third-dimension', such as CIELAB chroma, has long been criticized as being confusing and difficult to understand for naive observers and it had relatively poor consistency in visual assessments. As an attempt to find a promising replacement to existing 'third-dimension', two psychophysical experiments were conducted in this study using naive observers. In the first experiment, 24 Korean observers assessed 48 NCS colour chips in terms of bright, light-heavy, active-passive, fresh-stale, clean-dirty, clear, boring, natural-not natural, warm-cool, intense-weak, saturated, vivid-dull, distinct-indistinct, full-thin and striking. According to experimental results, 'saturated' and 'vivid-dull' were found to highly correlate with CIELAB chroma and were thus regarded as good candidates to become alternatives to existing 'third-dimension'. In the second experiment, 40 Korean and 68 British observers assessed more than 100 samples in terms of saturation, vividness, blackness and whiteness. Thus, observers assessed 120 samples for saturation, vividness and whiteness. For blackness, 110 samples were assessed. In both experiments, the colour samples were presented in a viewing cabinet and assessed individually. Principal component analysis identified two components that were associated with CIELAB lightness and chroma. In general, there was a similarity between the visual results of the British and Korean observers. High correlation coefficients were found for the following comparisons: predicted values of Berns' depth model versus the present 'saturation' response; Berns' clarity versus 'vividness' response; Berns' vividness versus 'blackness' response; and CIELAB lightness versus 'whiteness' response. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2016


In this paper a new approach for solving mixed-integer nonlinear programming problems is presented. The approach is named probabilistic search. The main idea is to search the feasible solution area probabilistically instead of randomly. The presented approach is used to determine the dispatch value of each generator in a pool-based electricity market. In this approach the ON and OFF units are determined using the probabilistic search and the generation value of each unit is determined using the linear programming. A software was developed based on the proposed approach for unit commitment. The software is used in the Iranian electricity power pool now.


AVON: BITTON, ST. MARY'S CHURCH (ST/68206933). M. Ponsford reports that a survey of the Creswicke family vault was conducted as part of the faculty granted to the parochial church council to repair the floor of the aisle. The vault entrance was discovered below the central aisle 13.25m. to the W. of the chancel arch. Investigation of an uneven floor had led to its discovery and a survey was undertaken prior to repairing the floor and sealing the vault. The survey was carried out with the kind permission of the incumbent, Canon G. Mitchell, and the assistance of the churchwardens, Mr. C. Richards and Mr. J. Bennett. The vault was initially identified from two Creswicke family ledger stones to the E. of the vault entrance and a wall tablet on the nave wall. The vault entrance was capped with large slabs of Pennant Sandstone, 0.40m. below the present-day church floor. The entrance contained five steps made of Pennant Sandstone, 1.08 x 0.30m. between walls of white lias. The steps led into the N.-W. corner of the burial vault, stopping 0.55m. above the vault floor, while the entrance roof projected into the barrel-vaulted roof in an arch constructed with ashlar oolithic limestone. The rectangular vault, aligned N.-S., measured 4.15 x 2.50 >< 1.84m., and both walls and roof were constructed of white and blue lias with some oolite. The floor was covered with Pennant Sandstone flagstones. An extended adult burial with head to the W., and partly covered with decayed wooden-coffin remains, was found against the N. wall near the entrance. The whole of the floor was covered with a deposit of decayed wooden coffin. South of the entrance an adult lead coffin lay on its side. The lid was decorated with a diaper pattern. Four more adult lead coffins occupied the S. half of the vault with their heads to the W. Three coffins lay on the floor, the middle coffin partly on its side, while the fourth lay askew on top of the others. This coffin was also decorated with diaper pattern. The positions of the lead coffins suggest that they had originally been stacked and had subsequently collapsed northwards.


Probabilistic distance measures are important quantities in many research areas. For example, the Chernoff distance (or the Bhattacharyya distance as its special example) is often used to bound the Bayes error in a pattern classification task and the Kullback-Leibler (KL) distance is a key quantity in the information theory literature. However, computing these distances is a difficult task and analytic solutions are not available except under some special circumstances. One popular example is the Gaussian density. The Gaussian density employs only up to second-order statistics and hence is rather limited. In this paper, we enhance this capacity through a nonlinear mapping from original data space to reproducing kernel Hilbert space, which is implemented by a kernel embedding. Since this mapping is nonlinear, we present a new approach to study these distances whose feasibility and efficiency are demonstrated using experiments.


China's economic, technological and scientific achievements of the past years and decades are impressive. However, the country's policy makers have even higher aspirations and therefore set up a number of policies to tackle the threat of the so-called middle-income-trap. This paper describes and discusses some of these policies, of which the Innovation-Driven Economy Development Strategy is seen as the backbone of current Chinese STI policy. The level of achievements as well as the expected developments isare put into perspective by selected empirical data. We conclude that China's industry will further improve its competitiveness in several sectors in the coming years. Western representatives need to wave good-bye to the ideas that China assimilates. At the same time, the era of the "land of gold" that when China provides the world with low-cost products and buys high-tech goods from Western companies is over. However, if China intends to become a reputable member of the international STI community, the country should develop actively the nowadays oftendemanded 'level-playing field'. This would not only mean that China needs to accept and implement internationally agreed rules and institutions. It would also mean vice versa that Westerners accept the differences in the systems, the Chinese Way as well as the Chinese 'market economy', which is not meant to be the same like in Europe or North America.


Objective To establish an atherosclerotic abdominal aorta restenosis model after stenting in rabbits and to study the mechanism of restenosis. Methods Atherosclerotic rabbit models were made by denudating abdominal aortic intima and constantly feeding high lipid diet(cholesterol concentration: 1.5%);then stents were implanted into atherosclerotic abdominal aorta.Histomorphologic changes of the arterial wall after stenting were shown by histomorphologic and immunohistochemical examination. Results Abdominal aortic wall was markedly thickened and stenosis of the aortic cavity was found.Aortic intima composed of high proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) expressing(IS:5.268±0.475) smooth muscle cells(SMCs),foam cells and extracellular matrix.Thickness of neointima was(1.33±0.05)mm;area of neointima was(5.78±0.23)mm2;stenosis degree was(31.02±1.91)%;and area of residual lumen was(9.67±0.18)mm2. Conclusions SMCs' proliferation in the neointima could induce the thickening of arterial wall after stenting.


A LCA (life cycle assessment) scheme for any industrial activity system is introduced to estimate the quantitative load on the environment with the aid of the NETS (numerical environment total standard) method proposed by the authors as a numerical measure. Two kinds of environmental loads respecting fossil fuel depletion as input resources to the system and global warming due to CO 2 emission as output are taken into account in the present eco-criterion, in which the total eco-load (EcL) value is calculated from the summation of respective environmental load factors on the whole process in a life cycle of the system. This NETS method is applied to eco-management co-generation systems, in which a computer-aided output navigator proceeds the LCA estimation with ICON and Q&A communication. An operation scheme most friendly to the environment with a minimum EcL value, i.e., an eco-operation scheme, is derived from the optimization theory.


Paraliturgical music is a sophisticated expression of the composer's pure faith, acquired through knowledge of his craft in historical and technical progress. Many examples of sacred music have come down to us from the past, and most of them were in the territory of modern Ukraine, along with works by Russian composers that are still a priority in some churches. One way to rethink this topic is to study the work of Ukrainian composers, particularly in the context of paraliturgical music. One example is the work of contemporary Ukrainian composer Svyatoslav Lunyov. While many scholarly studies have been analyzing liturgical genres and music in the liturgy in various aspects, including canonical music and the work of S. Lunyov, the question of the place of the choral symphony "Strasna Sedmytsia" in the context of paraliturgical music remains unresolved. Due to its scientific novelty, the study of Lunyov's choral symphony in the context of Ukrainian paraliturgical music became the subject of a special musical and cultural analysis for the first time. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, the spiritual revival has become more and more important. The historical path of development of church culture, which was deliberately almost destroyed at the beginning of the last century, is being rehabilitated as a result of the establishment of church-state relations. Currently, sacred music is subject to very mixed opinions among scholars, composers, church leaders, philosophers, and people of different faiths. Music based on the canonical texts that form the basis of the church rite but interpreted by contemporary composers seems impossible to introduce into the service on an everyday level. Such music is defined as "paraliturgical." Today, there are many different examples of music of this genre, as almost all academic composers turn to.


— We develop a mathematical model for cross filtration in a hollow fibers dialyzer, taking into account not only the phenomena occurring within the machine, but also the redistribution of chemicals between intraand extracellular compartments in the patient's body. The scheme for the cross flow is derived with reference to a single fiber, starting from the basic laws of fluid dynamics and exploiting the smallness of the ratio between the fiber radius and the fiber length to obtain significant simplifications. We end up with a system of integral and partial di¤erential equations in which the input data are in principle unknown. Indeed, the blood composition is considerably altered while going through the fiber and the body reacts redistributing urea, sodium ions, etc. between intraand extracellular compartments with its own dynamics, thus updating the various concentrations at the dialyzer inlet. Such a coupling is an essential feature of the model. We present numerical simulations, showing a reasonable agreement with the data for a specific patient taken from the literature.


An extremely convergent (longest linear sequence, 16 steps), fully stereoselective, and potentially general synthesis of the antibiotic ionophores of the Calcimycin (A-23187) class was devised. The key steps involve a coupling reaction between the chiral nonracemic subunits dihydropyran 41 (as the α-lithio anion) and bromide 49. Subsequent acid-promoted cyclization directly produces the spirocyclic ring system found in the ionophore X-14885A (3). Alternatively, cyclopropanation of substituted vinyl ether 55 followed by acid treatment afforded the spiroketal 58 that was subsequently converted into the polyether ionophore Calcimycin (1) and also Cezomycin (2)


The ongoing debate regarding employment status in the UK is going to tie businesses in knots for some time to come. In order to avoid tribunal cases and unexpected tax bills, clinic owners need to ...


Objective To apply cervical pedicle screw system (CPSS) to treat cervical disorders and discuss its surgical indications, techniques and clinical effectiveness. Methods A total of 52 patients with middle and lower cervical spine lesions who underwent cervical transpedicular fixation were analyzed retrospectively. There were 41 males and 11 females aging from 16 to 62 years. The diagnosis of the patients were fractures and dislocations of cervical spine accompanied by complete paralysis (28 cases) or incomplete paralysis (19 cases) in 47 cases, and metastatic bone tumor in 5 cases. Prior to surgery, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs, CT scan through bone windows, and/or magnetic resonance images were carried out in all patients. During surgery, all screws were inserted into the pedicle under the guidance of lateral or oblique image intensifier to confirm the direction and insertion depth of screws. In 7 to 14 days after surgery, physical examination and roentgenograms evaluations were performed in all patients, and CT scans were obtained in 31 patients, the location of screws were evaluated with the radiographic examinations and CT scan. The follow-up period averaged 13 months (range, 1 to 36 months) in 38 patients. The authors experiences in achieving accurate pedicle screw insertion was introduced, the clinical value of using cervical pedicle screw system to manage cervical lesions was summarized, the possible complications of CPSS were analyzed, the candidates of using CPSS were discussed as well. Results Pedicle screws were inserted successfully in all cases, 9 cases were found to have nerve irritating symptoms by 10 pedicle screws when which were introduced into pedicles, however, by changing the direction of the screws, all symptoms disappeared and screws were successfully inserted. Postoperative radiographic evaluation confirmed proper insertion of screws except 2 screws perforating the lateral pedicle wall but without injury of the vertebral artery demonstrated on CT scans. In the followed-up, no screw breakage and loosening was observed. By applying distractive force between the screws placed into pedicles, the space between the affected vertebrae and discs could be increased, displaced anterior fragments of bone or disc could also be indirectly reduced from the spinal canal, and additional anterior decompression interventions might be avoided. Conclusion CPSS can be considered as one of alternative in posterior cervical internal fixation systems. However, specific caution must be taken. The candidates of utilizing CPSS should be properly selected.


We discuss the implications of charged lepton energy cut to the hadronic invariant mass spectrum in charmless semileptonic B decays. Charged-lepton energy cut is inevitable in order to remove secondary leptonic events such as b -> c, tau -> l, and to identify the chaged leptons at detectors experimentally. We consider three possible lepton energy cuts, E_l^{cuts} = 0.6,1.5,2.3 GeV, and found that with the most probable cuts E_l^{cut} = 1.5 GeV and M_X^{max} = 1.5~(1.86) GeV, 45 ~ 60 % ~(58 ~ 67 %) of decay events survive. Therefore, B -> X_u l nu decay events can be efficiently distinguished from B -> X_c l nu decay events. We also discuss the possible model dependence on the results.


In the target article, McGuire and colleagues (2009) found that 54% of social networkers would consider using direct-to-consumer personal genome testing (DTC PGT) for their child and that 63% agreed that parents should be able to have their children tested with DTC PGT (McGuire et al. 2009). These results suggest that the use of DTC PGT may significantly broaden the scope of pediatric genetic testing. Currently, some DTC PGT companies seem to simultaneously promote and discourage use of their services for children. For example, 23andMe suggests on its website that, its services are not "designed or intended to attract children under the age of 13" (23andMe 2009a), yet suggests that consumers can, "Add some excitement to your family reunion by comparing the DNA of children with other relatives" (23andMe 2009b). What are the ethical considerations of DTC PGT in children and how should they be addressed?

Genetic testing in children is not a new challenge. Guidelines by the American Society of Human Genetics/American College of Medical Genetics (1995) and by the American Academy of Pediatrics (2001) address the use of genetic tests in children. These guidelines are based on a medical model of genetic testing that presumes the involvement of a clinician who has certain obligations to parents and children. The clinician acts as a gatekeeper, informing decisions about risk and benefit and determining whether testing is appropriate. The guidelines acknowledge that the risk-benefit ratio of much genetic information is unclear, and that in the absence of information, providers "may be obligated to avoid the possibility of harm, rather than to provide unclear benefits" (American Society of Human Genetics 1995, 1238).

In contrast, the direct-to-consumer model, by definition, bypasses the medical gatekeeper and their guidance. As consumers of DTC PGT services, parents may not prioritize consideration of medical benefit to their children in the same way as parents of patients. Users of DTC PGT may include families who are not likely or able to obtain genetic testing under the traditional medical model, including families not at risk for any rare genetic diseases. For these reasons, in a DTC PGT model, considerations of medical benefit may be either absent or minimal.

Outside a medical model of benefit, the key question becomes: what harms are associated with DTC PGT in children and do they differ from harms associated with medical genetic testing in children? Wilfond and Ross (2008) have suggested that genetic testing in children should be guided by parental-decision making "unless empirical social and behavioral data indicate that genetic testing is highly likely to cause serious harms to children" (1). Unfortunately, there are no empirical data on the harms of DTC PGT in children, including whether they differ from harms in a medical delivery model or whether they differ across populations and reasons for obtaining the service.

Because DTC PGT shifts genetic testing from a physician-parent relationship to an institution-consumer relationship, it may be unclear who is responsible for minimizing harms. While the DTC PGT companies act as providers of the service, they do not assume the same kinds of obligations as a medical provider. Assent of the child is not required, and there appears to be no provision of information about the possible risks of genetic information to children or consideration of risk-benefit ratios. Furthermore, the scope of obligation to provide benefit is as yet unclear. We will illustrate some of the concerns raised by DTC PGT in children through two scenarios, using the services offered by 23andme as an example. These scenarios demonstrate the challenges in applying current guidelines on genetic testing in children and suggest the need to develop guidelines specific to the DTC PGT arena.


From the higher education should persist by "width discipline, thick foundation" the guiding ideology embarks,in summarized in the foundation which formerly ran a school, The distinction emphatically in aspect and so on classroom instruction, practice teaching, inspection way in view of the environment class specialized environmental monitoring curriculum discipline characteristic and the existence question, has conducted the research and the practice to this curriculum educational reform.


Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume XIV, Third Memoir, by A. O. Leuschner, A. E. Glancy, and S. H. Levy, contains tables of perturbations of minor planets whose daily motion is nearly commensurable with that of Jupiter in the ration 1:2. In a case of commensurability, or near commensurability, Hansen's method for the determination of perturbations fails because in the integration of the differential equations, the solution of which involves the expansion in trigonometrical series, the integrating factors which go into the coefficients in the series become very large or indeterminate. Since


The advent of the World Wide Web and the rapid adoption of social media platforms (such as Facebook and Twitter) paved the way for information dissemination that has never been witnessed in the human history before. With the current usage of social media platforms, consumers are creating and sharing more information than ever before, some of which are misleading with no relevance to reality. Automated classification of a text article as misinformation or disinformation is a challenging task. Even an expert in a particular domain has to explore multiple aspects before giving a verdict on the truthfulness of an article. In this work, we propose to use machine learning ensemble approach for automated classification of news articles. Our study explores different textual properties that can be used to distinguish fake contents from real. By using those properties, we train a combination of different machine learning algorithms using various ensemble methods and evaluate their performance on 4 real world datasets. Experimental evaluation confirms the superior performance of our proposed ensemble learner approach in comparison to individual learners.


Increasing circumstantial evidence indicates that the introduction of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) to New Zealand has caused a widespread decline in native fish populations but few of the underlying mechanisms have been investigated. The possibility of spatial competition was investigated by comparing the microhabitat used by native Galaxias vulgaris Stokell (Family Galaxiidae) that were sympatric and allopatric with brown trout. A range of microhabitat variables was measured from random locations where G. vulgaris were present in the Shag River during the day. G. vulgaris preferred coarse substrates, using them as resting places, but showed no other microhabitat preferences. This pattern of microhabitat use did not change in the presence of brown trout although galaxiid densities were considerably lower. Experiments in in situ stream channels confirmed that competition for space does not occur during the day even at high galaxiid densities. This situation changed dramatically at night, however, with G. vulgaris spending significantly more time in slower areas when trout were present. G. vulgaris feeds on drifting invertebrates, so brown trout could affect the galaxiids deleteriously by forcing them to occupy less profitable feeding positions. Interspecific competition for space, perhaps combined with competition for food and predation by trout, could explain declines in G. vulgaris populations.


Chapter I: Introduction Chapter II: From the end of the second world war to the Korean war 1945-1950 Chapter III: From the Korean war to the Suez crisis 1950-1956 Chapter IV: The Sandys white paper of 1957 and its consequences Chapter V: The end of Britain's role east of Suez 1964-1968 Chapter VI: Britain's defence problems in the 1970s Chapter VII: The Thatcher government and defence 1979-1988 Chapter VIII: Conclusion.


While some boys were bathing in the Nitli, on Saturday, 10th April last, one of them, James Wilson, between 9 and 10 years of age, fell upon a broken wash-hand-basin, which inflicted a wound in the abdomen, extending from a little below the umbilicus, three inches down the linea alba, or, in other words, nearly to the pubis, through which the greater part of the small intestines, the transverse arch of the colon, and the omentum, immediately protruded. When


e13013 Background: The main cause of death in breast cancer patients is the consequence of the spread and outgrowth of tumor cells at distant sites. The presence of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow at diagnosis is considered a predictor for metastasis. Methods: This is an updated analysis of a study in 102 patients with operable breast cancer on the significance of bone marrow micrometastases. The mean follow-up time is 127 months (range 10 - 142, median 129 months). Bone marrow aspirates were analysed for the presence of DTCs by a real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for cytokeratin 19 (CK) and mammaglobin (MAM).The aim of this study is to confirm the association between DTCs and disease-specific survival (DSS) as well as metastasis-free survival (MFS). Results: CK positivity was borderline significant for DSS (p = 0.054). MAM positivity was significantly prognostic for DSS with a hazard ratio (HR) of 3,110 (1,416-6,832) (p = 0,005). Patients positive for both CK and MAM did have a significant worse outcome with a HR for DSS of 7,329 (2,361 – 22,752) (p = 0,001). No significant influence on MFS was identified for CK (p = 0,658) or MAM positivity (p = 0,095). The combination of CK and MAM positivity did however confer a significantly increased risk for MFS (p = 0,043) at a HR of 4,126 (1,409-12,082). Conclusions: This study confirms the role of DTCs as a negative, prognostic factor in patients with operable breast cancer. The combination of CK and MAM is useful to identify this increased risk.


a semiconductor substrate(1); a field oxide(2) and a first insulating film(4) formed on the substrate(1); a first plate electrode(6) formed on the first insulating film(4) throughout the field oxide(2); a first dielectric film(8) formed on the first plate electrode(6); a first charge storage electrode(9) formed on the first dielectric film(8) and on the neighboring two field oxide films(2); a second insulating film(10) covering the first charge storage electrode(9) and the first plate electrode(6); a polysilicone substrate(12) formed on the second insulating film(10); a gate insulating film(13), a gate electrode(14) and an active region(16) formed on the polysilicone substrate(12); a third insulating film(17) covering the gate electrode(14), a word line(15) and the active region(16); a second charge storage electrode(18) connected to the active region(16) and the first charge storage electrode(9), covering the third insulating film(17); a second dielectric film(19) deposited on the second charge storage electrode(18); a second plate electrode(20) formed on the second dielectric film(19); a fourth insulating film(21) covering the second plate electrode(20); and a bit line(22) formed on the third insulating film(21), being contacted to the active region(16).


An integration of the stochastic mathematical models for motor proteins with Hill's steady state thermodynamics yields a rather comprehensive theory for molecular motors as open systems in the nonequilibrium steady state. This theory, a natural extension of Gibbs' approach to isothermal molecular systems in equilibrium, is compared with other existing theories with dissipative structures and dynamics. The theory of molecular motors might be considered as an archetype for studying more complex open biological systems such as biochemical reaction networks inside living cells.


This paper discusses the circuit topologies for simple three-level phase shift ZVS-PWM DC-DC converters in addition to the proposed three-level diode clamped and flying capacitor hybrid phase shift soft switched PWM high frequency link DC-DC converters for industrial gas metal arc welding machines. The arc welding machines for TIG, MIG and MAG require low voltage and large current DC output for high frequency linked DC-DC converters. These three-level type soft switched PWM converter topologies are suitable for some industrial applications mentioned above because of keeping the reduced device voltage capability for wide load ranges and wider soft switching operating ranges as compared to the full bridge converter. This paper is concerned with the comparative three topologies of diode clamping, flying capacitor and diode clamping and flying capacitor hybrid DC-DC converters. In this paper, the circuit operation principles of these three-level soft switched PWM DC-DC converters, soft switching operating ranges and power regulation characteristics are evaluated on the basis of simulations and experiments from a practical point of view.


Hydrogen-Deuterium eXchange coupled to Mass Spectrometry (HDX-MS) is now common practice in structural biology. However, it is most of the time applied to rather small oligomeric complexes. Here, we report on the use of HDX-MS to investigate conformational differences between the human standard 20S (std20S) and immuno 20S (i20s) proteasomes alone or in complex with PA28αβ or PA28γ activators. Their solvent accessibility is analyzed through a dedicated bioinformatic pipeline including stringent statistical analysis and 3D visualization. These data confirm the existence of allosteric differences between the std20S and i20S at the surface of the α-ring triggered from inside the catalytic β-ring. Additionally, binding of the PA28 regulators to the 20S proteasomes modify solvent accessibility due to conformational changes of the β-rings. This work is not only a proof-of-concept that HDX-MS can be used to get structural insights on large multi-protein complexes in solution, it also demonstrates that the binding of the std20S or i20S subtype to any of its PA28 activator triggers allosteric changes that are specific to this 20S/PA28 pair. Immune cells express immunoproteasomes (i20S), which bind to specialized regulators, contain different catalytic subunits and generate immunogenic peptides. HDX-MS—based assessment of the differences between the conformational dynamics of standard and i20s reveals specific, allosteric changes in i20S and upon regulator binding.


Developments of endoscopic techniques brought the possibility of endoscopic resection for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) of larger sizes. We aim to compare safety and short‐term outcomes between endoscopic and laparoscopic resections of gastric GISTs with a diameter of 2–5 cm.


American black ducks (Anas rubripes), a once plentiful species in northeastern North America, have been in decline for over half a century due to habitat loss, hybridization with mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), and historic overhunting. While the overall population of black ducks has stabilized and even increased in portions of its range, important wintering areas in western Pennsylvania and West Virginia have continued to see a decrease. Our objectives were to determine wintering black duck daily energy expenditure (DEE) in Central Appalachia through time-activity budgets, and calculate behavioral differences among wetland systems, levels of naturalness, management schemes, flock composition, year, date, and time of day. Between November and March 2015‒2016 and 2016‒2017, we conducted waterfowl surveys twice a month and recorded diurnal time-activity budgets when black ducks were encountered. We calculated DEE using both a simple cost of thermoregulation model (684.94 kJ/bird/day) and a complex (1,542.95 kJ/bird/day) cost of thermoregulation model incorporating site-level wind speeds and temperatures. Swimming was the most dominant behavior overall (35.2%), followed by foraging (26.2%), and sleeping (16.4%). Black ducks foraged the most in natural wetlands (56%) and riverine systems (34%) and swam the most in modified (43%) and created (26%) wetlands. Black duck behavior varied greatly within wetland systems, management schemes, and levels of naturalness. As such, we recommend wetland and waterfowl managers incorporate the complex cost of thermoregulation DEE model for more accurate estimations of duck use days, and provide a diversity of nearby habitat types with differing levels of management for wintering waterfowl to meet their multitude of needs throughout the winter.


Al substituted α-Ni(OH)2 has became a research focus in recent years due to its higher specific discharge capacity and proton diffusion coefficient.The research progress of Al substituted α-Ni(OH)2 was summarized from the aspects of stabilization mechanism,preparation method,and doping modification.The application prospect of Al substituted α-Ni(OH)2 was given at the end.


The incorporation of the cognitive radio (CR) technology as a spectrum management tool in satellite communication has attracted considerable research attention because the CR allows the coexistence of the primary and secondary networks using the same resources. In this paper, satellites and their users are considered as a primary network, and the terrestrial base stations (BSs) and their users are considered as a secondary network. Besides, it is considered that terrestrial users cause interference to satellite users due to technical and environmental constraints. This interference reduces satellite users' satisfaction with downloads rate. In such a cognitive satellite network environment, content placement may also cause a decrease in user satisfaction. The successful download probability (SDP) is analyzed in this work based on different terrestrial user density. To utilize the satellite cache resources effectively, we propose two transmission strategies based on the terrestrial user density, namely, the multi-point cooperative transmission strategy (CT) and the parallel transmission strategy (PT). In addition, based on the cache service probability we determine the ratio of content distribution most popular content (MPC) and general popular content (GPC) and optimize the content placement process using the utility function in CT mode. Through computer simulation, we give numerical results of our method. The obtained numerical results show that the proposed strategies are effective in content placement.


Happy Birthday, Arthur!Arthur is having a gymnastics party for his birthday, with prizes for balancing, tumbling, and rope climbing. Arthur is sure that he will win the prize for best all--around gymnast. But his little sister, Violet, and her friend Wilma have been practicing-and they may have a surprise in store....


This paper considers optimal iterative learning control (ILC) to solve the trajectory tracking problem of systems using a network to transmit signals. Assuming that the relative quantization error of the logarithmic quantizer is white noise uniformly distributed in a known range, a cost function in the sense of mathematical expectation is established to deal with the relative quantization error, so as to obtain an iterative update law. By combining the logarithmic quantizer with the encoding and decoding method, the system can iteratively achieve high-precision tracking with limited communication capacity. Simulations based on an electro-mechanical control system model is provided to validate the proposed method.


Herbal medicine has existed over the years for many centuries. They have been used for medication from time immemorial. However, little attention has been given to its use, efficacies and its constituents by scientists. In the process of collection, storage and production of the medicine, it usually deteriorates due to poor handling and little knowledge of its indices of efficacy hence there is need to standardize the herbal product before sales and use. calleandria portoricensis spp is a herbal drug used as antibacterial and antifungal among its uses in Nigeria. The parameters applied in the present study makes valuable test to check the quality of drug.


The high cost of energy production, coupled with the advantages of wind power as a renewable energy source and the characteristic of being widely available, led several countries to establish incentives to regulate and promote wind power generation. All wind turbines installed in the world by the end of 2016 can generate about 5 % of the world's electricity demand. Brazil has a huge potential for wind energy and the diversification of its energy matrix is becoming increasingly necessary, which is even more relevant when the energy source is renewable. In the world, the use of wind power for large-scale energy production has been receiving increasing incentives, both in the development of new technologies and in the control and interpretation of information collected for the development of technologies in this area. One of the most promising solutions to obtain information on the time series of wind speed and power involves the accomplishment of the dimensionality reduction of these databases, so this work proposes the comparison of three methods: Piecewise Aggregate Approximation (PAA), Aggregate Approximation with Quantile Regression (PAA/QR) and Adaptive Piecewise Aggregate Approximation (APAA), to extract the maximum information from these time series by reducing dimensionality, thus providing a computational time gain in the data analysis process. The implementation of these algorithms made it possible to determine the most efficient method to determine the possible amount of extreme cut-in and cut-off events of the wind speed and thus determine which regions have the greatest potential for the implementation of a wind farm, as well as to estimate periods in which the wind turbine would not be fully operational. The performance of all methods studied in this work is tested for wind sites located in the south and northeast regions. These sites were chosen because they belong to regions of Brazil with different geographic and wind characteristics, this choice had as objective the verification of the robustness of the methods in divergent scenarios. The results indicate that the APAA method performed better than the PAA and PAA/RQ methods because it identified a greater amount of extreme values.


Collects 568 cases done MSCTA in our department in March to December,2006,and analyzes the images carefully according to the normal anatomy and abnormal manifestation about target arteries.The results show that the rate of MSCTA displaying the normal anatomy and the arterial diseases correctly and effectively reaches up to 98 percent.MSCTA is a safe,accurate and non-interventional way for the cases with suspicion of arterial diseases,especially of aortic diseases.


Vibration is a mechanical stress which happens in nature and affects many biological aspects of plants. In this research, the effect of acceleration and vibration was investigated on some physiological and biochemical responses of Anthemis gilanica in vitro. Calli were induced from leaf (LS) and root segments (RS) and were applied to different frequencies of vibrations (0, 50, and 100 Hz) and accelerations (1, 2, and 4 g) on the A. gilanica calli for 30 min. Results showed that vibration significantly increased relative water content (RWC), growth parameters, protein and proline contents, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and decreased total carbohydrate, malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2 contents, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in both LS and RS calli. Inversely, increase of acceleration in vibrated calli decreased growth parameters, RWC, protein content, and POX activity and induced proline and carbohydrate accumulations, SOD, APX, and PPO activities as compared to vibration alone. Different responses of two callus types were observed, and the highest growth, protein content, and membrane stability were observed in LS calli as compared to RS calli. It found that high acceleration amplitude intensified the resonance effect of vibration by induction of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress damage in A. gilanica.


Evaluation Of The Acceleration Program In SMA Negeri 3, Gorontalo. This study aims to: a) evaluate various policies regarding the acceleration program in SMA Negeri 3 Gorontalo city at the context stage, b) evaluate the availability of available resources to support the implementation of the acceleration program in SMA Negeri 3 Gorontalo city at the input stage, c) evaluate the implementation of the acceleration program at SMA Negeri 3 Gorontalo city at the stage of the process, and d) evaluate the success achieved in the implementation of the acceleration program in SMA Negeri 3 Gorontalo city at the product stage. This study employs an evaluative approach with data collection techniques, such as interview, observation and documentation.The results indicate that; 1) the results of the evaluation context that supports the acceleration program at SMA Negeri 3 Gorontalo city show that there is an acceleration program of policy in SMA Negeri 3 Gorontalo City and the understanding of policy makers about the acceleration program in SMA Negeri 3 Gorontalo city is intensively good , the formulation of the vision and mission of the school supports the policy implementation of the accelerated program, b) the results of the input evaluation show that the input component is a) the availability of human resources, namely teachers and academic support personnel, 2) the availability of facilities and infrastructure that support the implementation of the program (classes, laboratories, IT), d) curriculum, e) student recruitment , f) availability of funds, all of which support the acceleration program at SMA Negeri 3 Gorontalo city, 3) the results of the evaluation of the process show that the stages of the learning process carried out in the acceleration program in SMA Negeri 3 Gorontalo city are very dynamic and support the improvement of the competence of students studying in the accelerated class, and 4) the results of product evaluation indicate that a product stage of the acceleration program at SMA Negeri 3 Gorontalo city , shows that the evaluation criteria for students' learning outcomes in the accelerated class display good results with an average of 95.75 or very good category.


The essay gives an analysis of reader awareness and service requirements of public libraries in Guangzhou area based on the situation of Guangzhou Library through questionnaire survey;and thereafter puts forward some suggestions that publicity should be intensified to enhance library cognition,operation construction be strengthened to improve service quality,library business be adjusted to reader's demand,and so on.


The attitudes that we hold are shaped and nurtured by society, institutions, religion and family; they involve feelings, beliefs and behaviours and represent a form of judgement. These attitudes and values define the power relations, dynamics, opportunities and choices between men and women, boys and girls. Societies vary significantly in the scale of egalitarian attitudes and beliefs related to gender roles and opportunities in education, politics, the family, and the workforce. Progress towards more egalitarian gender values is crucial for achieving gender equality among children and young people, which in turn is a pre-condition for sustainable development.


Previous work has provided the theoretical foundations of a constructive design procedure for uniform approximation of smooth functions to a chosen degree of accuracy using networks of Gaussian radial basis functions. This construction and the guaranteed uniform bounds were shown to provide the basis for stable adaptive neurocontrol algorithms for a class of nonlinear plants. The authors detail and extend these ideas in three directions. First, some practical details of the construction are provided, explicitly illustrating the relation between the free parameters in the network design and the degree of approximation error on a particular set. Next, the original adaptive control algorithm is modified to permit incorporation of additional prior knowledge of the system dynamics, allowing the neurocontroller to operate in parallel with conventional fixed or adaptive controllers. Finally, it is shown how the Gaussian network construction may also be utilized in recursive identification algorithms with similar guarantees of stability and convergence.<<ETX>>


A personal security backpack and method of use include a portable container having a first compartment and a second compartment, the second compartment having an audible alarm siren window for transmission of an audible siren; a strap attached to the portable container; and an alarm system responsive to at least one activation signal, the alarm system includes an alarm system circuit removably disposed in the second compartment; an audible alarm siren operably connected to the alarm system circuit and responsive to the activation signal to generate the audible siren; and a microphone operably connected to the alarm system circuit, the microphone being responsive to the activation signal, responsive to a user voice, and selectively unresponsive to the audible siren to generate a voice signal.


A language FOBS-X (Extensible FOBS) is described. This language is an interpreted language, intended as a universal scripting language. An interesting feature of the language is its ability to be extended, allowing it to be adapted to new scripting environments. The interpretation process is structured as a core-language parser back-end, and a macro processor front-end. The macro processor allows the language syntax to be modified. A configurable library is used to help modify the semantics of the language, allowing the addition of the required capabilities for interacting in a new scripting environment. This paper focuses on the semantic extension of the language. A tool called FEDELE has been developed, allowing the user to add library modules to the FOBS-X library. In this way the semantics of the language can be enhanced, and the language can be adapted to new scripting environments.


The structural stabilities and electronic properties of singlet and triplet states C24X12 heterofullerenes where X = B, Al, C, Si, N, and P are probed at the B3LYP/6-31+G* level of theory. Vibrational frequency calculations show that all of the systems are true minima. The calculated binding energies of heterofullerenes show C24B12 and C24N12 as the most stable heterofullerenes by 6.10 eV/atom and 5.63 eV/atom, respectively. While B, Al, N and P doping increase the conductivity of fullerene through decreasing its HOMO–LUMO gap, doping Si enhance its stability against electronic excitations via increasing the HOMO–LUMO gap. High charge transfer on the surfaces of our stable heterofullerenes, especially C24Al12 followed by C24Si12 and C24P12, provokes further investigations on their possible application for hydrogen storage.


Exploiting the residual redundancy in a source coder output stream during the decoding process has been proven to be a bandwidth efficient way to combat the noisy channel degradations [2]-[7]. Researchers have recently developed techniques to employ this redundancy to either assist the channel decoder for improved performance or design effective source decoders. However, the dominant method used for modeling the redundancy is a first order Markov model which fails to encapsulate all the remaining redundancies. In this work, we present a general solution for instantaneous MMSE reconstruction of a source over noisy channel when the redundancy is exploited in the form of a -order Markov model ( ). Next, we extend it to the case where a delay of , is allowed in the decoding process. This solution is optimized to minimize the computational complexity. Numerical results are presented which demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.


PMN-10PT is a kind of well-known typical relaxor ferroelectrics, whose dielectrical behavior is analogous to that of spin-glass systems. Dielectric properties were studied by adding a small amount of different dopants into PMN-10PT ceramics using the normal two-step method. When doped with Li2O, the maximum dielectric constant of this material is 28640, which is higher than that of pure PMN-10PT, while the degree of frequency dispersion and DPT are decreased. When doped with CaO and Yb2O3, on the contrary, the opposite results will be obtained. In addition, the Raman spectra show that the degree of B-site order of the materials is increased when doped with Li2O and decreased when doped with Yb2O3, respectively.


In this paper, the ways in which an integrated river basin management approach for the new EU border have been developed will be discussed. The approach has evolved in an on-going applied research project, MANTRA-East, in which thirteen research groups from six countries cooperate. As water and river basin management demands a combination of information produced by different scientific disciplines, a particular goal of the project has been to develop methods to integrate results from three different scientific standpoints. These are (i) a natural science perspective, involving studies of nutrient loads and its impact on ecology (ii) an information perspective, involving studies of ways to improve the communication of environmental information, and (iii) a policy science perspective, involving studies of policy instruments, economic factors, and public participation. In this paper we analyse the problems inherent in interdisciplinary research into water and river basin management, and the ways in which the MANTRA-East project has attempted to solve these problems. It is proposed that a viable approach for integrated water management involves the creation of a framework of alternative river basin management scenarios that combine inputs from the various scientific disciplines. Scenarios also appear to be an attractive methodology to increase stake-holder and end-user participation, as they may facilitate an integrated discussion about river basin and water management.


The photoconductive properties of a series of oligogermanes with dendrite or linear skeleton have been studied by flash photolysis time-resolved conductivity (FP-TRMC) technique. The values of mobility (Σμ) and photocarrier generation yield (Φ) have been discussed as a function of C 6 0 concentration. The ΦΣμ values in the order of 10 - 4 to 10 - 3 cm 2 /Vs were observed for the oligogermanes upon exposure to 532, 355, and 193 nm light. The intrinsic value of mobility in the derivatives was also estimated without contribution from the additives, suggesting the presence of a highly conducting path along the Ge backbones of not only linear oligogermanes but also hyperbranched germanium dendrites.


Cultural default is quite common in literature creation,which needs compensation in translation.This paper makes an attempt to account for one of the principles of compensation for cultural default in English version of Chinese ancient poetry.That is,the compensation should be conducted under the guideline of orignal poetry's Gestalt quality.


An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in treating wound infection in Ado-Odo community of Ado-Odo Ota Local government area of Ogun State south west Nigeria, was carried out between February and July 2019. Ethnobotanical Information were collected from one hundred and five (105) respondents with the aid of a semi structure questioner and oral interview. The respondents are made up of traditional medical practitioners, herb sellers, farmers and artisan. From the survey a total of 23 plants species belonging to 17 families were found. Herbal remedies were either prepared from dry or freshly collected plants while the solvent of choice is water. The methods of preparation were squeezing, decoction and powdering, while method of administration ranges from application of paste to the infected area and drinking a cup full of decoction daily. Survey revealed that leaves form the major part of plant used for herbal preparations plants were collected from the forest and around the house, some were also purchased from the market duration of treatment ranges from 10 – 72 days.


The main objective of this study is to investigate the heat load generated by the Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery during the completion of the cycle. Besides that, the objective is also to identify the most affected surface of the Li-ion battery towards the temperature during the charging and discharging process. An experiment is carried out for five different conditions of battery to obtain the data for heat load calculation purposes. The five conditions are differences in discharge ampere. From the result obtained there are differences in heat load generated by the battery during the charging and discharging process for every condition. Furthermore, the greater the discharge ampere, the lower the time taken for the battery to discharge and the higher the heat load generated by the battery. Besides that, an experiment to investigate the temperature distribution along the experiment is also carried out. Four surfaces of battery (front, right, left, back in vertical position of battery) are put into concern in obtaining the temperature distribution. Every surface gives a different temperature distribution during the experiment. Surface 4 recorded the highest average temperature distribution. Thus, the cooling system will consider the cooling capacity at this surface.


A quantum computer employing a single quantum as a qubit executes real parallel computation and has various applications. Several algorithms have been proposed for quantum computation. However, these algorithms are applicable only to a limited number of applications. Therefore, a general purpose algorithm should be studied and developed for practical use in the near future. In this paper, we focus on the adiabatic evolution algorithm for general purpose quantum computation and discuss how to use this algorithm for solving an optimization problem. We show a new algorithm incorporating an artificial neural network (ANN)-like method in order to compose another Hamiltonian. The new algorithm is helpful for reducing computation cost and is easy to implement. Successful simulation results are shown.


Data were taken for $^{30}\mathrm{Si}$ + $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ elastic scattering and inelastic scattering to the first excited ${2}^{+}$ state of $^{30}\mathrm{Si}$. Good fits to the data were obtained in coupled channels calculations. It was not found possible to discriminate between small and "standard" value of the imaginary diffuseness.


This paper describes a collaborative invention process that is implemented in an R&D site that is a part of a global R&D organization. The process binds coaching and mentoring with targeted management metrics with financial and personal incentives. The social process labeled the CIP patent program is based on Collaboration, Innovation and Professionalism. For more than 2 years, the CIP patent program has increase patent applications submission by 46.15% yearly. The CIP patent program increased the relative contribution of the team, when compared to the global R&D organization, from 18% to 33%. The participating members' increased by 460%. Consequently, the CIP patent program has expanded to additional R&D sites across the globe.


Special morphological changes of skin and skeletal muscle injuries of antemortem and postmortem rats were comparatively observed by HE staining and histological special staining techniques. The results showed obvious reaction changes of antemortem rats′ skin injuries but weak or insignificant morphological changes of postmortem rats′ injuries, and also showed significant special staining results of antemortem and postmortem injuries of skeletal muscle. The results provided reliable, sensitive and objective index for the estimation of antemortem and postmortem injuries in forensics.


The synthesis of 6-methoxy-3-methylbenzofurano-4,7-quinone is described. Structures are deduced for the dimers, obtained in the preparation of 4,6,7-trimethoxy- and 4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methylbenzofurans, and also for the trimer obtained in the cyclisation of 3,5-dimethoxyphenoxyacetone.2-Acetyl-3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, prepared in several ways, is shown by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to be in equilibrium with its 1,2-quinonoid tautomer in deuteriochloroform.


In order to adopt emergency plans correctly and timely for grounded ships,applying the(principles) of ship statics,a set of formulae for calculating the parameter rates about mean draft,initial metacentric height,grounding force,angle of heel,trim,fore draft and aft draft,etc.is proposed,based on the characteristics that the rise and fall with the tide level of a ship aground on single point appear as vertical rise and fall of the tide level at the grounding point.An example of index calculation and the(analysis)(indicate) that it has practical value for predicting and evaluating stability and buoyancy conditions of a ship aground on single point.


Introduction The role of the host immune response could be critical in the development of Treponema pallidum (Tp) infection in individuals with latent syphilis. This study aims to investigate the alterations in T follicular helper T (Tfh) cell balance among patients with secondary syphilis and latent syphilis. Methods 30 healthy controls (HCs), 24 secondary syphilis patients and 41 latent syphilis patients were enrolled. The percentages of total Tfh, ICOS+ Tfh, PD-1+ Tfh, resting Tfh, effector Tfh, naïve Tfh, effector memory Tfh, central memory Tfh,Tfh1, Tfh2, and Tfh17 cells in the peripheral blood were all determined by flow cytometry. Results The percentage of total Tfh cells was significantly higher in secondary syphilis patients compared to HCs across various subsets, including ICOS+ Tfh, PD-1+ Tfh, resting Tfh, effector Tfh, naïve Tfh, effector memory Tfh, central memory Tfh, Tfh1, Tfh2, and Tfh17 cells. However, only the percentages of ICOS+ Tfh and effector memory Tfh cells showed significant increases in secondary syphilis patients and decreases in latent syphilis patients. Furthermore, the PD-1+ Tfh cells, central memory Tfh cells, and Tfh2 cells showed significant increases in latent syphilis patients, whereas naïve Tfh cells and Tfh1 cells exhibited significant decreases in secondary syphilis patients when compared to the HCs. However, no significant change was found in resting Tfh and effector Tfh in HCs and secondary syphilis patients or latent syphilis patients. Discussion Dysregulated ICOS+ Tfh or effector memory Tfh cells may play an important role in immune evasion in latent syphilis patients.


Background: Human African trypanosomiasis is one of the most serious neglected tropical diseases causing fatal symptoms and death. Natural products are a main source for anti-infective metabolites. Objectives: The objective of the study is to evaluate eight different plants belonging to the Kalanchoe species growing in Egypt for antitrypanosomal, antimalarial, antileishmanial, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities. Materials and Methods: The antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma brucei; cytotoxic activities against human colon carcinoma, human hepatocyte carcinoma, and human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines; antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani; antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum; and antimicrobial activities of all plant extracts have been examined. As well as the identification of the secondary metabolites for the most active extract was performed via ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer operated in negative and positive ionization modes. Results: Among the examined plant extracts, Kalanchoe longiflora leaves extract showed promising activity against T. brucei with an inhibition concentration of sample at 50% fall in absorbance (IC50) value of 17.6 μg/mL. K. longiflora with other extracts exhibited promising cytotoxic activities. Profiling of the polar secondary metabolites of K. longiflora revealed the presence of 47 metabolites including 31 flavonoids, 9 phenolic acids, 4 anthocyanidins, 2 chalcone glucoside, and 1 coumarin. To determine the mechanism of action of K. longiflora extract as a potent antitrypanosomal and cytotoxic agent, we investigate its ability to inhibit topoisomerase I enzyme. K. longiflora extract showed an excellent activity with an IC50 value of 0.148 μg/mL. Conclusion: These interesting results open the door for further research aiming at the development of a successful treatment for Trypanosoma from K. longiflora.


In this article we claim that we are going to give a priori and a posteriori error estimates for a Crank Nicolson type scheme. The problem is discretized by the finite elements in space. The main result of this paper consists in establishing two types of error indicators, the first one linked to the time discretization and the second one to the space discretization.


With the springing up of data centers (DCs) worldwide, their huge energy consumption presents a daunting challenge to the energy system. This paper considers DC's integration, especially DC's dynamic voltage frequency scaling (DVFS) and thermal inertia, proposing a novel optimal sizing method for the energy station in the multi-energy system (MES), which can realize the co-optimization of energy flow and information flow. Firstly, the MES integrated with DC is modeled. Based on DVFS and thermal inertia, the deep coupling relationship of DC's computing workload, electricity load and cooling load is delved. Then, the optimal sizing model aimed to minimize the total cost is established. Constraints include power balance, DC's computing workload balance and thermal balance. The problem is simplified to a mixed-integer quadratic programming one. Case studies based on a test system illustrate that the co-optimization considering DC's integration can reduce the total cost of the energy station by 7.2%.


Left-right symmetry in the starting gauge interactions provides the basis for an "isoconjugate" model of CP violation with the consequence that η+−=η00. The magnitude of CP violation is naturally suppressed at least to the extent that V+A interactions are suppressed in nature compared to the V−A interactions. This allows the possibility that intrinsic CP-violating phase (arising through spontaneous symmetry breaking, for example) may have a maximal character, which may reveal itself at intermediate high energies to possibly disappear at still higher energies. CP violation in leptonic, semileptonic, and ΔY=0 parity-violating nonleptonic interactions (which could contribute to the electric dipole moment of the neutron) arise on the one hand in fourth order of the weak gauge interactions and on the other via Yukawa interactions between fermions and leftover Higgs mesons as well as via WL−WR mixing. The magnitude of the latter contributions may be limited to be less than or of order GF×10−4 in order that the experimentally observed relation η+−=η00 may hold at least to a few percent. Thus the electric dipole moment of the neutron dn is expected to be less than or of order 10−24e cm. CP violation in all |ΔS|=1 nonleptonic decays (Y→N+π, etc.) should, in general, have the same order of magnitude as |η+−|.


Two research models of televiewing are discussed and contrasted: 1) cause‐effect, and 2) interactive. Arguing against common claims that televiewing is a passive activity, this article supports an interactive cognitive approach to the study of TV's 'effects.' Proposed is the application of aspects of schema theory to further our understanding of audio‐visual information processing.


From Abstract: "This treatise is a source document containing information on helium resources, production, conservation, thermodynamic properties, liquefaction and refrigeration techniques, transportation and storage of liquid and safety requirements. It also contains a discussion of uses for liquid and cold gas in cryoelectronics, superconductivity, bubble chambers, cryopumping and missile and space systems."


The concern about the development of technologies which protected natural resources has gained importance as a result of problems associated with excessive tillage, conditioned by acute necessity to reduce production costs, to increase yield capacity and to make the agriculture more competitive. This kind of alternative is represented by Conservative Agriculture, which is generally characterized by reduced tillage (with zero tillage as a goal), retention of adequate amounts of crop residues on the soil surface (at least 30%) and introduction of more diversified and economically viable crop rotations. Applied on more than 95 mil. ha, on worldwide, Conservative Agriculture has major advantages, being an important step for transition to sustainable one. The benefits of Conservative Agriculture include better water infiltration and retention of moisture, reduced erosion, higher yields, increased soil organic matter, reduced CO2 emissions, favorable conditions for the development of antagonists and predators and foster new ecological stability, saving in labor and machinery. The development and promotion of Conservative Agriculture involve scientist and farmer community efforts. Thus, we propose to overview the advantages of Conservative Agriculture, under context of Resource Conserving Technologies (RCT`s) development.


A method for microencapsulating particles of moisture-sensitive propellants and explosives, as well as oxidizers, in particular ammonium dinitramide (ADN) and / or ammonium nitrate (AN), characterized in that (A) particles of a natural or synthetic wax or a mixture thereof, in full wetting of the particles at a temperature below its melting point with exclusion of moisture are coated with a thin layer of the wax by introducing into a melt of at least (B) cooling the melt of the wax with the completely wetted particles and an adsorbent for the adsorption of the excess wax is added prior to their solidification and (C) the thus-coated particles are encapsulated with a Aminoharzschicht.


Agents often need information from other information providers or agents to build a situational picture for goal achievement. However, in competitive environments, such as an open system populated by self-interested agents, agents who can provide information may not want to provide information unless the information supply aids in their own goal achievement. This research assumes that agents can act as information providers and consumers at the same time, and proposes a method, by introducing Competitive Collaborating Agents (CoCoA), for deciding the multidimensional strategies regarding requesting information and providing information. For the strategy as an information consumer, stochastic games are deployed so that an agent can explicitly take into account its own request strategy and other agents' strategy for providing information. The degree of collaboration constitutes an agent's strategy as an information provider. Following the best strategy for information providers and consumers lead the agents to construct collaborative relationships among competitive but complementary agents.


The Danube River in Romania and Bulgaria is an important section of the Pan-European Transport Corridor number VII. The river connects the Black Sea with the hinterland from Romania and Bulgaria to Hungary, Austria, Germany, etc. However, in the periods of summer–autumn, the water flows are decreasing considerably on this river section, resulting in difficult navigation conditions. In the main branch of the Danube, the minimum depth for navigation is not met everywhere, resulting in dangerous navigational conditions and economic uncertainty about this transport route. The reasons for this very unfavourable situation for navigation are mainly related to morphological and hydrological phenomena. The project named "Technical Assistance for Improvement of Navigation Conditions on the Romanian – Bulgarian common sector of the Danube and accompanying studies" is part of the more global Danube navigability project in order to improve the Pan- European Corridor no. VII as it aims to improve the navigability of the Danube River in such a way that it will answer to the needs of the national transport policy of Romania as well as the countries' international commitments. The impact on the socio-economic environment will be analysed for the following section on the Danube River: Iron Gate II to Romanian/Bulgarian border at Calarasi – Silistra, where previous studies have identified a number of specific navigational constraints. After completing the investment works in the sites from critical sectors for navigation, the impact will be positively, both from economic and social point of view. Positive effects begin to occur during the construction period when the works are finalized in each site. Carrying out the proposed works contribute to fulfil the obligation from the Convention on navigation regime on the Danube, which provides the commitment of the Danube states to maintain their sectors on the Danube, under navigability conditions for inland ships, and to execute the works necessary to ensure and improve the navigation conditions


TM spectral bands and vegetation indices (VIs) developed from ground-based and image-based measurements were correlated to field-measured perennial saltbush cover percentage at Lake Mungo in semi-arid rangelands of Western NSW, Australia. TM5 and TM7 single bands were most significantly related to cover data. SRVI-1, SRVI-2, DVI and PVI also performed better.


Some time ago I prepared a set of mimeographed notes on APL for a course called Computers and Biology, which is part of my contribution to the undergraduate curriculum of the Department of Zoology at the University of Guelph. Recently I tried to design a suitable logo for the cover of those notes, using the letters "APL'. Our youngest daughter, the artist in the family, stopped by the video terminal to criticize my efforts and offered some constructive advice. I pointed out to her a feature of APL that I regard as important, namely the very distinctive design of the font for its symbols and alphanumeric characters. She, too, finds it attractive, so we readily agreed to try to conform to that style. To achieve letters of a size such that three would just fit comfortably in the width of the video screen (or sit prominently on a page 8.5 by 11 inches), we adopted a 14 by 22 character matrix and left single-spaced margins around the letters by limiting their inscription to the 12 by 20 central portion of the matrix. Those dimensions permit a reasonable degree of fidelity in representation. We started to use ordinary graph paper to "digitize" the letters into the system, but soon recognized that it was more appropriate to use matrices of quads (14 by 22) with indexed margins. A numeric matrix (14 22pl14x22) helped us translate patterns of pencil-shaded quads into numeric vectors to guide computer reconstruction of the letters on the terminal. Once the letters were in, we played around with them and since it was a video (white on black only) terminal, we could scarcely fail to notice how attractive "negative" images of our letters appeared. That in turn suggested making "shadows" and "reflections" of the letters. Eventually we noted that reflected negative images rotated through 90 degrees might serve as designs for totem poles. It is easy to get carried away by APL, but we have yet to get around to the carving~ Examples of results we obtained are shown in this article, with the variables and functions used to generate them. Readers will scarcely be surprised at the simplicity of the functions. Not only do the functions provide appropriate logos for my class notes, but they fill the video screen attractively for introducing the application of APL at public displays. May I add, by way of more esoteric reflection, …


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this paper was to study the role of proteolytic enzymes in dental plaque in deciduous caries occurrence.

METHODS
Fluorometry and spectrometry were used separately to determine the activities of leucine amino peptidase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV and trypsin-like proteinase in caries-positive and caries-free children.

RESULTS
The activities of the three enzymes in dental plaque in different children were same (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION
The three enzymes may be not related to deciduous caries.


We obtain lower bounds for the first Laplacian eigenvalues of geodesic balls of spherically symmetric manifolds. These lower bounds are only C0 dependent on the metric coefficients.


A direct injection method for large volume samples which avoids severe tailing of the solvent peak has been developed using a packed column injector (up to 100 μl) leading into an ordinary capillary column (0.3 mm i.d.). Modifications are made to the cooler zones of the inlet port and on the carrier gas flow control system. This injection technique is based on the effective use of phase soaking and cold trapping using a retention gap. The large volume of solvent vapor is rapidly purged out of the injector with a higher flow of carrier gas while the solutes trapped at the head of the column are subsequently analyzed with another optimum flow rate. The proposed carrier gas flow regulation system is also compared with conventional split/splitless injection methods.


Heart failure is becoming an increasingly common and significant problem in the field of pediatric cardiology,β-blockers as one of the most important cardiovascular drags in the pharmacopoeia,can not only obviously relieve symptoms of severe heart failure,but also reduce cardiovascular events and allcause mortality significantly,the efficacy is effective and high security.This article reviewed β-blockers in the treatment of children heart failure mechanism,the clinical application evaluation,the basic principles and relevant issues in use process,the appropriate choice and usage according to the clinical indications.

Key words:
β-Blocker;  Heart failure;  Children


The preparation of active carbon fiber adopts inner container sealing method. According to a predetermined temp. rising program, the inner container with fiber material is placed in sequence into a constant low temp. furnace and a constant high temp. furnace for carbonization and activation, and the active carbon fiber can be obtained. Advantages: simple production equipment, convenient operation, short product period, high efficiency and low cost.


The study purposes are to conduct a design of applying Google Earth to the junior-high-school geography assessment and to evaluate the assessment design. In this study, Google Earth is a major assessment instrument and, after analyzing the important geographic concepts and skills of junior-high-school geography, the author chose the two units "location and scope" and "terrain" as the main content. To conduct the assessment design, the author investigated functions of Google Earth suitable for the geography assessment and defined important geographic concepts and skills by reviewing literature about curriculum and instruction of geography and junior-high-school geography textbooks. According to the review results, the author completed a two-way specification table and a description table for the assessment design. Then, the author designed the assessment content including question types such as multiple choice, true/false answers, matching questions, fill-in questions, and essay questions. Additionally, the assessment contains performance assessment which requires students to operate Google Earth, to draw graphs, and to give responses to open-ended questions, and the author developed grading criteria for the performance assessment. The assessment can also be divided into eight types of Google Earth application including static maps, dynamic maps, multiple maps, 3D maps, terrain profiles, dynamic videos, static pictures, and inquiry. The author also created teaching materials for Google Earth operation and satellite-image interpretation to support students' learning and assessment. To evaluate the validity and reliability of the assessment, this study conducted an expert review, a small-group test, and a field trial. The three experts all agreed on the consistency of the questions' cognitive levels, geographical concepts, and geographical skills, and this result indicates that the assessment has a satisfactory level of content validity. The small-group test helped the author to confirm the evaluation procedure of the field trial and to revise the assessment design and the student-reaction survey questions. To analyze the data collected from the field trial, the author employed the KR-20 to test the internal consistency of the binary-scoring questions, and the result indicated good reliability of these questions. For the multiple-scoring questions, the Spearman's rho was used to test the reliability of inter-graders, and the result also indicated good inter-grader reliability. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to find the relationship between the students' midterm geography test scores and their performance on this assessment, and the correlation value is .585 (p<.01) which implies this assessment possesses adequate content validity. The students' responses to the survey questions and the teacher's reflection-journal entries showed that most students were interested in and held positive attitudes toward this assessment formant. Most students believed that Google Earth was beneficial to their geography learning, but near a half of the students thought that this assessment was more difficult compared with traditional paper-and-pencil tests. For those who reported low computer literacy and were absent from some classes, the complexity of Google Earth operation could affect their performance on the assessment. Finally, the author provides educators and researchers with suggestions about the assessment design and implementation.


Macroscopic Realism (MR) says that a macroscopic system is always determinately in one or other of the macroscopically distinguishable states available to it. The Leggett-Garg (LG) inequality was derived to allow experimental test of whether or not this doctrine is true; it is also often thought of as a temporal version of a Bell-inequality. Despite recent interest in the inequality, controversy remains regarding what would be shown by its violation. Here we resolve this controversy, which arises due to an insufficiently general and model-independent approach to the question so far. We argue that LG's initial characterisation of MR does not pick out a particularly natural realist position, so we articulate an operationally well-defined and well-motivated position in its place. We show that much weaker conditions than LG's are sufficient to derive the inequality: in the first instance, its violation only demonstrates that certain measurements fail to be non-disturbing at the operational level. We articulate three distinct species of MR-ist position, and argue that it is only the first of these which can be refuted by LG inequality violation. This first position is an attractive one, so ruling it out remains of interest, however. A crucial role is played in LG's argument by the assumption of noninvasive measurability. We show that this notion is ambiguous between the weaker notion of disturbance at the operational level, and the stronger notion of invasiveness at the ontic level of properties of the system. Ontic noninvasiveness would be required to rule out MR per se but this property is not entailed by MR, and its presence cannot be established in a model-independent way. It follows that despite the formal parallels, Bell's and LG's inequalities are not methodologically on a par. We close with some reflections on the implications of our analysis for the pedagogy of quantum superposition.


Temperature is one of the most important object of industrial and agricultural production which has been researched for many years.The SCADA(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) called MCGSE which developed based on the MCGS is used for collecting and processing the field data in the system,containing the functions of integration of animation display,alarm processing,process control and report output and other functions. It is convenient for the user to solve practical engineering problems so that it is widely used in the field of automation. The micro controller of the system is Programmable Logic Controller(PLC for short)- S7-300,which has a modular structure and is easy to distributed control. As a PLC,the S7-300 has the ability of anti-electromagnetic interference and resistance for shocking,which is very impressive and good to use for meeting the requirements of performance indicators in most of the actual industrial control applications. The temperature of water from the pipe is selected as the controlled object,which can be stable,rapid and accurate in control of PID.


The determination of the composition of multicomponent mixtures is the basis by which a number of technical and physical problems in the field of power and process engineering are modelled. In order to calculate chemical states of equilibrium in the gas phase, a calculation method will be presented which is founded on a minimization of the Gibbs enthalpy. This method is characterized by a high reliability in convergency, considerable independence of starting vectors and by a moderate requirement for programming. These characteristics are achieved by a transformation of variables which results in numerically more favourable solutions to the non-linear equation system. Calculated equilibrium compositions (including dissociation and ionisation) for a stochiometric mixture of hydrogen and oxygen in a temperature range of 300-12000 K and a pressure of 10 5 Pa as well as the application of the method will be demonstrated