Cardiovascular and haematological adaptations to endurance training facilitate greater maximal oxygen consumption ( V̇O2max${\dot{V}_{{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{max}}}}$ ), and such adaptations may be augmented following puberty. Therefore, we compared left ventricular (LV) morphology (echocardiography), blood volume, haemoglobin (Hb) mass (CO rebreathing) and V̇O2max${\dot{V}_{{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{max}}}}$ in endurance‐trained and untrained boys (n = 42, age = 9.0–17.1 years, V̇O2max${\dot{V}_{{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{max}}}}$ = 61.6 ± 7.2 ml/kg/min, and n = 31, age = 8.0–17.7 years, V̇O2max${\dot{V}_{{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{max}}}}$ = 46.5 ± 6.1 ml/kg/min, respectively) and girls (n = 45, age = 8.2–17.0 years, V̇O2max${\dot{V}_{{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{max}}}}$ = 51.4 ± 5.7 ml/kg/min, and n = 36, age = 8.0–17.6 years, V̇O2max${\dot{V}_{{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{max}}}}$ = 39.8 ± 5.7 ml/kg/min, respectively). Pubertal stage was estimated via maturity offset, with participants classified as pre‐ or post‐peak height velocity (PHV). Pre‐PHV, only a larger LV end‐diastolic volume/lean body mass (EDV/LBM) for trained boys (+0.28 ml/kg LBM, P = 0.007) and a higher Hb mass/LBM for trained girls (+1.65 g/kg LBM, P = 0.007) were evident compared to untrained controls. Post‐PHV, LV mass/LBM (boys: +0.50 g/kg LBM, P = 0.0003; girls: +0.35 g/kg LBM, P = 0.003), EDV/LBM (boys: +0.35 ml/kg LBM, P < 0.0001; girls: +0.31 ml/kg LBM, P = 0.0004), blood volume/LBM (boys: +12.47 ml/kg LBM, P = 0.004; girls: +13.48 ml/kg LBM, P = 0.0002.) and Hb mass/LBM (boys: +1.29 g/kg LBM, P = 0.015; girls: +1.47 g/kg LBM, P = 0.002) were all greater in trained versus untrained groups. Pre‐PHV, EDV (R2adj = 0.224, P = 0.001) in boys, and Hb mass and interventricular septal thickness (R2adj = 0.317, P = 0.002) in girls partially accounted for the variance in V̇O2max${\dot{V}_{{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{max}}}}$ . Post‐PHV, stronger predictive models were evident via the inclusion of LV wall thickness and EDV in boys (R2adj = 0.608, P < 0.0001), and posterior wall thickness and Hb mass in girls (R2adj = 0.490, P < 0.0001). In conclusion, cardiovascular adaptation to exercise training is more pronounced post‐PHV, with evidence for a greater role of central components for oxygen delivery.


Groundwater quality is a major issue for rural communities, and intensive agricultural practices have the potential to contaminate groundwater via leaching. By analysing the movement of a bromide tracer over three slope positions (top, middle and low) within two hummocky landscapes in central Alberta, the intensity of short-term leaching potential was measured, and the accuracy of a leaching potential index was assessed. Concentrations of bromide > 1 mg kg-1 were found at a 120-cm depth at each slope position, from both landscapes, after one snowmelt event and one growing season. However, the depth of a bromide concentration > 100 mg kg-1 varied significantly among slope positions after the snowmelt event, and after the growing season. The leaching potential index successfully distinguished between high leaching potential, and low and very low leaching potential. This index will become a useful tool to determine the variability of leaching within an agricultural landscape. Key words: Soil-landscape, leach...


We have observed four new decay modes of the charmed baryon + c using data collected with the CLEO II detector. Three decay modes, + c ! p K 0 , + , and + , are rst observations of nal states with an meson, while the fourth mode, + c ! K 0 K + , requires an s s quark pair to be popped out of the vacuum. The branching ratios relative to + c ! pK ? + are measured to


A DC/DC converter for space applications is described whose switching cell can be varied by means of two jumpers on the printed board. When the minimization of the conducted emission is a primary requirements and the avionic bus (i.e. 28 V DC) is used, the boost plus push-pull configuration will be preferred; if the voltage source is much higher, for instance 150 V DC, and excellent audio susceptibility over a wide frequency range is required, then the complementary buck plus push-pull configuration is best suited. Exact dynamic models of both switching converters are given in the Z-transform domain; their good compliance with actual conditions is demonstrated by experimental frequency-response plots.<<ETX>>


In this paper, we develop a strong Milstein approximation scheme for solving stochastic delay differential equations (SDDEs). The scheme has convergence order 1. In order to establish the scheme, we prove an infinite-dimensional Ito formula for "tame'' functions acting on the segment process of the solution of an SDDE. It is interesting to note that the presence of the memory in the SDDE requires the use of the Malliavin calculus and the anticipating stochastic analysis of Nualart and Pardoux. Given the nonanticipating nature of the SDDE, the use of anticipating calculus methods in the context of strong approximation schemes appears to be novel.


Heavy-tailed workload distributions are commonly experienced in many areas of distributed computing. Such workloads are highly variable, where a small number of very large tasks make up a large proportion of the workload, making the load very hard to dist


The need of precise thermal measurements at high spatial and temporal resolutions for scientific discovery has pushed the development of fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (FO-DTS) in geosciences. Since its first appearance in the hydrologic community [Selker et al., 2006a, 2006b], FO-DTS has been used in numerous environmental and engineering applications [Lutz et al., 2012; Striegl and Loheide, 2012; Krause and Blume, 2013; Su arez et al., 2014] and apparently its use will continue to grow in the future. Researchers have realized that one of the main challenges for successful FO-DTS data collection is to achieve the best calibration setup [Tyler et al., 2009; Su arez et al., 2011; Hausner et al., 2011; van de Giesen et al., 2012]. On this subject, the work of Hausner et al. [2011] offers different experimental design and calibration methodologies that allows a quantitative assessment of accuracy, precision and resolution. These metrics, combined with the instruments' spatial and temporal resolution are probably the most important factors for correct interpretation of FO-DTS results.


The chemistry of GaAs(100) oxide-free surfaces treated with solutions of (NH 4 ) 2 S in different solvents (water, alcohols) was studied by photoemission in order to clarify the role, which solvent plays in the course of adsorbate interaction with the surface atoms at the semiconductor/solution interface. Adsorption of sulfur from solution results in appearance of As-S bonds with solvent-dependent ionicity (more ionic bonds are formed in low dielectric constant alcohols). Valence band spectra of GaAs(100) surfaces after annealing contain the Ga-S related valence band state. The binding energy of this state increases with the decrease of the solvent dielectric constant. The obtained variation of the surface chemistry with change of the solvent is related to the variation of HS - ion reactivity due to the different influence of the solvate shell.


The benefits of Domain Specific Modeling Languages (DSML), for modeling and design of cyber physical systems, have been acknowledged in previous years. In contrast to general purpose modeling languages, such as Unified Modeling Language, DSML facilitates the modeling of domain specific concepts. The objective of this work is to develop a simple graphical DSML for cyber physical systems, which allow the unified modeling of the structural and behavioral aspects of a system in a single model, and provide model transformation and design verification support in future. The proposed DSML was defined in terms of its abstract and concrete syntax. The applicability of the proposed DSML was demonstrated by its application in two case studies: Traffic Signal and Arbiter case studies. The results showed that the proposed DSML produce simple and unified models with possible model transformation and verification support.


In order to solve the problems of high seeding rate,large population density and low fertilizer use in late-maturing winter wheat production in Middle Shanxi,the effects of "Narrow Spaced Sparse Drilling" was studied using large spike cultivar Shannong 9-1 and multiple spikes cultivar Shannong 9801 as materials,with comparison with the conventional seeding rate and fertilizer input conditions in this paper.The yield component,tiller number of population and leaf area index were investigated and analyzed.The results showed that the wheat yield was improved significantly planted with narrow spaced sparse drilling model.The yield of large spike cultivar Shannong 9-1 was higher than that of Shannong 9801,but the yield increasing margin of Shannong 9801 was greater than that of Shannong 9-1.The three yield components of grain number per spike,1000-grain weight and ear number of Shannong 9-1 were increased clearly.The grain number per spike and ear number was increased obviously.The number of total tillers was increased significantly in each growing stage than that of conventional sowing.Higher tiller number at the jointing stage,and higher spike rate at heading stage were observed.Simultaneous increase in leaf area index(LAI) and the tiller number of population also were observed.The quantity and quality of the wheat population was improved and the duration of function period of leaves was longer,and the yield was improved.


Two 30 d long static toxicity tests were performed on small spat (2 to 3 mm in length) of the estuarine bivalve Scrobicularia plana (da Costa): the effects of tributyltin (TBT) and copper on the survival and burying actklty in sand of juveniles were monitored in 1991, and growth and burying activity as affected by TBT were investigated on a sample of a different cohort in 1992. Results showed that an (concentration killing 50% of the population considered) could be set for TBT at < 1.3 pg Sn 1' (as analysed), while exposure to up to 80 pg Cu 1.' did not result in increased mortalities with respect to the controls. Every dose of TBT tested In 1991 (nominal 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 pg Sn l") irnpalred the burying activity of spat significantly from Day 6, and Cu concentrations at 20 1-19 1-' and above also increased the burying time of juveniles by the end of the experiment; the no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) for Cu was the lowest dose tested (i.e. 10 pg I-'). In 1992 the effect of 4 lower TBT concentrations (nominal 50, 125, 250 and 500 ng Sn I ' ) on the juvenile burying activity was somewhat inconsistent; however, burying time of individuals exposed to 500 ng Sn I-' was always higher than that estimated to be characteristic of spat at initiation of the test. In addition, juvenile growth (weight gain) was significantly reduced by all TBT concentrations (i.e. lowest range of 12 to 43 ng Sn I-', as analysed). It is concluded that TBT has probably caused the &sappearance of some S. plana populations in the UK; similarly, organotin may have also caused the decline in S. plana abundance in populations from elsewhere in Europe.


Distributed social networks allow creating new work patterns, addressing the workforce of a company as crowd. Here, finding suitable workers for specific functions is important for work quality, but largely relies on human assessment. In web-scale environments this assessment exceeds human capability. Linked open data has proven to be successful in providing semantic descriptions and discoverability of distributed resources. Hence, we leverage linked open data, so that each worker can have a semantic profile based on WebID and reference co-workers, skills, projects, etc. To recommend suitable experts for a given task, supporting systems are required, which use this profile data. In this paper, we extend our previous work on CRAWL towards reputationaware expert finding in distributed social networks. We outline three major aspects – Endorsements, Achievements and Meta Reputation – to achieve reputation awareness and report on our progress, showcase open challenges and present a roadmap for future work.


This paper presents a novel scheme termed Optimization-based Ramping Reserve Allocation (ORRA) for addressing an ongoing challenge in Automatic Generation Control (AGC) enhancement, i.e., the optimal coordination of multiple Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs). While exploiting further the synergy between BESSs and slow ramping resources, the proposed scheme offers an insight into the energy-neutral operation, which is achieved by smoothly discontinuing the BESS participation along with the minimization of Area Injection Error (AIE), a variant of traditional Area Control Error (ACE). The first stage of ORRA is to incorporate Neural Networks (NNs) with the AIE in order to ensure a zero-mean of ramping reserves to be allocated among BESSs. These AIE signals are then used to formulate the optimal coordination of BESS as an online optimization problem, which is therefore feedback-driven. Finally, a distributed optimization algorithm is developed to solve the formulated problem in real-time, achieving a sublinear dynamic regret that quantifies the cost difference to the trajectory computed by a centralized optimizer with perfect global information. Consistent with the geographical distribution of BESSs, the proposed ORRA is fully distributed such that the algorithm can be executed in parallel at all nodes. Simulations on a modified IEEE 14-bus system are performed to illustrate the effectiveness and important features of ORRA.


This article investigates the influence of noise in a two-dimensional square array of coupled nonlinear oscillators without periodic driving. Array enhanced stochastic resonance under global as well as local noise perturbation is shown to exist under a crucial condition: the value of the rotation number of the deterministic system being zero. Meanwhile, the stochastic synchronization phenomenon is displayed in a wide range of noise intensity whether noise is added globally or locally. Furthermore, for every oscillator, the peak frequency is shown to agree with the rotation number much better than in the uncoupled system.


Local solutions for the pressure distribution at the leading and side edges of harmonically oscillating unbalanced control surfaces have been fitted into an existing lifting surface method for wings without control surfaces. Calculated results are compared with results of other methods and with experiments.


The Cold War, partly because it remained cold, has already lasted longer than the wars of 1914-18 and 1939-45 combined. About every sixth year it seemed to reach crisis point over Korea in 1950, over Hungary in 1956, over Cuba in 1962 but the main points at issue remained unresolved. Perhaps for this reason the question of who began it has until recently been one for politicians rather than for historians.


The aim of this work was to separately evaluate the effects of pectinase and cellulase on the viscosity of pitanga juice, and determine the optimum conditions for their use employing response surface methodology. The independent variables were pectinase concentration (0-2.0 mg.g–1) and cellulase concentration (0-1.0 mg.g–1), activity time (10-110 min) and incubation temperature (23.2-56.8 °C). The use of pectinase and cellulase reduced the viscosity by about 15% and 25%, respectively. The results showed that enzyme concentration was the most important factor followed by activity time, and for the application of cellulase the incubation temperature had a significant effect too. The regression models showed correlation coefficients (R2) near to 0.90. The pectinase application conditions that led to the lowest viscosity were: concentration of 1.7 mg.g–1, incubation temperature of 37.6 °C and incubation time of 80 minutes, while for cellulase the values were: concentration of 1.0 mg.g-1, temperature range of 25 °C to 35 °C and incubation time of 110 minutes.


This paper presents the novel design of dynamical model for electromagnetic levitation system (EMLS) as a function of electromagnetic coil inductance in electrical and mechanical subsystems using novel approximation (NA). The proposed inductance model satisfies the requirement of electromagnetic force with the higher order polynomials, (i.e., 2nd and 3rd order) in the denominator to best fit the experimental data. To stabilise the nonlinear EMLS in the larger operating range, the input-output feedback linearisation (IOFL)-based nonlinear controller is designed and implemented. Theorem 1, to guarantee the stability for the EMLS in the large region on the basis of quadratic Lyapunov function, is proposed. The investigations reveal that the proposed controller provides smooth and fast stabilising and tracking control response for different kind of trajectories. Under bounded vertical disturbances, (i.e., sinusoidal and random types), the proposed controller maintains the robustness.


The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between decision making styles, self-esteem and self-beliefs about decision- making ability and the differences linked to academic performance. A sample of 100 students split into two groups aged 15-16 years and 17-18 years participated in the study. All subjects compiled the Multidimensional Self-esteem Test (T.M.A. – Bracken, 1993) for the evaluation of academic success and competence of environmental control and How I Make my Choices (H.M.C. – Filippello et al., 2011), a structured interview, specifically designed to measure decision-making styles in two different contexts (school context vs. social context) and decision-making self-efficacy (Low vs. High Self-efficacy in making decisions). The exploratory factor analysis reflects the theorized construction. Age and gender differences were found. Furthermore, as expected, low academic performance was associated with lower self-esteem, lower decision-making self-efficacy and more dysfunctional decision-making styles. Students with a high  academic performance, instead, showed higher self-esteem, higher decision-making self-efficacy and more functional decision-making styles. Data encourages the use of H.M.C., not only in the research of personality but also for educational and counseling purposes.


In traditional generation scheduling management main attentions are paid to the completion progress of yearly contact electricity quantity and balanced generation load rates among power plants, however, the dispatching performability of generation scheduling is not well considered and the impact of various uncertain factors during the scheduling execution are not taken into account. For this reason, a risk-adaptable monthly generation scheduling management mode and its drafting method are proposed.Firstly, during the decomposition of monthly electricity quantity the security constrained unit commitment(SCUC) is considered to obligate a certain space for execution and adjustment and modify the monthly generation scheduling under infeasible unit commitment; secondly, the key boundary conditions that may affect the generation scheduling are extracted to monitor the variation of boundary conditions persistently within the month, and the approach for scheduling tracking and adjustment is put forward in response to the variation of boundary conditions, thus the rolling analysis,objective adjustment and error modification of monthly generation scheduling are implemented, and the risk due to execution of the monthly generation scheduling is reduced.


Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of 0.1% tacrolimus ointment in the treatment of plaque psoriasis vulgaris. Methods Thirty-six patients were randomized equally into 2 groups.The treatment group was treated topically with 0.1% tacrolimus ointment plus 10% urea ointment,bid.The control group,with mometasone furoate plus 10% urea ointment,bid,the course of treatment all lasting 4 weeks.The efficacy was assessed by the change in PASI score with the adverse events recorded. Results The effective rates of the treatment and control group were 94.4% and(66.7%),respectively(P0.05).The average time to show the effect in the treatment group was 10 d,and that in the control group was 14 d.There were 5(27.8%) patients in the treatment group with bearable skin irritation during the treatment. Conclusion Tacrolimus ointment 0.1% is effective,safe and tolerable in the topical treatment of plaque psoriasis vulgaris.


Moire effects appear when two sets of periodic structures are superimposed. By combining advanced micro-fabrication technologies and the moire theory, we are able to obtain visually appealing moires. Specific metallic patterns are created on one side of a substrate by lithography and etching of an aluminium film. On the other side of the substrate, an array of micro-lenses is fabricated in order to sample these metallic patterns. These new moires can be recognized by the bare eye. They display text or symbols that move when observed under different viewing angles.


-A post disaster situation demands an efficient communication and coordination among rescue teams. Exchange of real time information among responders and emergency management centers is crucial for saving lives. However, communication systems were usually down due to various reasons. The loss of communication systems made the rescue operation extremely difficult. In such scenario, MANETs are suitable for providing communication mechanism, as they are easy to deploy and do not require elaborate infrastructure. In this paper, we have considered that the relief and rescue operations in a post disaster situation are performed using a MANET test-bed setup. We have shared the files from one laptop to another laptop using Mobile Adhoc Network test-bed. Keywords--" post disaster", "MANET", "test-bed", "rescue operations", "emergency".


A stable liquid concentrate comprising a dye component which contains a substantial amount of a dye of the formula: wherein the dye component is dissolved in either an aliphatic hydrocarbon or an alicyclic hydrocarbon.


Nowadays,the higher sex ratio at birth in our country is an obvious fact.The difference of social gender is an important factor of the higher sex ratio at birth,which induces the higher sex ratio at birth by means of the selective birth of the male sex,its consequence is that the right of existence and development of girls is destroyed,the woman's status is weakened further.


The rifting, which started during the Upper Oligocene in the area of the Southern Tyrrhenian, produced the Vavilov Basin (8.5-4.5 Ma) and the Marsili Basin (2.0-1.7 Ma) (Fig. 1a) that are marked by the two homonymous volcanoes (Argnani, 2000). The diachronous opening of the Marsili and Valilov Basins was related to a sharp acceleration of the roll-back of the Ionian Lithosphere subducting below the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea (Gueguen et alii, 1998). The elongated Marsili Seamount has an altitude of 3000 m above the sea "oor, and runs NNE-SSW for a approximately 60 km; it has a mean width of 16 km. This seamount is a back-arc volcano with a dominant tholeitic petrochemical a!nity (Trua et alii, 2004).


A cholesterol‐rich microemulsion (LDE) that binds to low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors is selectively taken up by malignant cells that overexpress those receptors and may be used as vehicle for antineoplastic agents. This study aimed to develop the association of etoposide with LDE. It was firstly observed that etoposide poorly associates with the microemulsion, therefore the experiments were performed with a lipophilic fatty acid derivative of the drug. The association of etoposide oleate with LDE was almost 100% and was tested for physical and chemical stability, as well as for cellular uptake, toxicity in mice and cytotoxic activity against a neoplastic cell line (NCI‐H292). Uptake and cytotoxic activity of LDE‐etoposide oleate by NCI‐H292 cells was mediated by LDL receptors. The anti‐proliferative activity of LDE‐etoposide oleate against the neoplastic cells was smaller than that of etoposide oleate (IC50 (drug concentration required to inhibit 50% of the cell growth) = 0.48 and 0.19 mm, respectively). This difference, however, can be ascribed to the activity of the commercially used vehicle and not the drug itself because when this vehicle was added to the cultures with LDE‐etoposide oleate, the IC50 decreased. On the other hand, the tolerability of LDE‐etoposide oleate to mice was remarkable, such that its lethal dose (LD50) was about five‐fold that of the commercial formulation (LD50=315 and 58 mg kg−1, respectively). In conclusion, LDE‐etoposide oleate association is stable and the cytostatic activity of the drug is preserved while its toxicity to animals is small. By diminishing the side effects and directing etoposide to neoplastic tissues, LDE may be regarded as an advance in chemotherapy with this drug.


The utility model discloses a novel metal-ceramic insulating substrate for a power semiconductor, and the substrate mainly consists of a ceramic substrate, a first metal coating, and a second metal coating, wherein the relation of the coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials is: the coefficient of the first metal coating is greater than the coefficient of the second metal coating, and the coefficient of the second metal coating is greater than the coefficient of the ceramic substrate. The first metal coating is made of copper, and the second metal coating is made of Ni/Cu alloy. A covalent bond is formed between the metal and ceramic substrate through high-temperature sintering. After etching, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the first metal coating is greater than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the second metal coating, and the insulating substrate is integrally bent towards a side of the second metal coating. The insulating substrate provided by the utility model can solve the technical problem of poor welding, caused by that a conventional insulating substrate is bulged upwards after a semiconductor chip is welded, of the whole substrate on a heat-dissipation base body, thereby improving the reliability of this type of products.


XML, or eXtensible Markup Language, marries flexible, low cost fully- automated information exchange to the Web. XML is rapidly becoming the foundation for fully automated web-based transactions. One application is to enhance available traveler information services by easing the processing and integration of weather, construction, road condition and traffic information into trip-based traveler forecasts tailored to the individual user's planned route and time of travel. These trip- based forecasts would be analogous to the aviation route forecast produced for pilots based on their flight plans. This paper describes the TripInfo proof-of-concept prototype. TripInfo has successfully demonstrated the applicability of XML to traveler information integration. TripInfo uses XML to integrate traveler information from multiple sources, and provide trip-based, rather than link-based reports. The rational for the project, the project itself, and the lessons-learned are described


We explore the dynamics of adhering to rational difference formula
\begin{equation*}
\Psi_{m+1}=\frac{\Psi_{m-3}\Psi_{m-5}}{\Psi_{m-1} \left( \pm1\pm \Psi_{m-3}\Psi_{m-5} \right) } \quad m \in \mathbb{N}_{0}
\end{equation*}
where the initials $\Psi_{-5}$, $\Psi_{-4}$, $\Psi_{-3}$,$\Psi_{-2}$, $\Psi_{-1}$, $\Psi_{0}$ are arbitrary nonzero real numbers. Specifically, we examine global asymptotically stability. We also give examples and solution diagrams for certain particular instances.


To compare access and utilisation of EDs in Queensland public hospitals between people who speak only English at home and those who speak another language at home.


For the centrally extended Heisenberg double of [Formula: see text], a classification of its prime and primitive ideals is obtained. For each primitive ideal, an explicit set of generators is given.


The software architecture and the design pattern communities have overlapping interests. The software architecture community is chiefly concerned with structure and organization of large software systems; the patterns community with exposition of design information. These intersect in the exposition of design information at the system level. This essay lays out a framework for the software architecture community to consider (a) what new ADL capability is suggested by design patterns and (b) to what extent ADLs are appropriately carriers of pattern information, and how they should do so.


This article communicates a new method of detecting cervical cancer based on the measurement of the dielectric properties of smear at microwave frequencies. The microwave measurements were performed by rectangular cavity perturbation in the S‐band of microwave frequency with the smear samples from healthy persons as well as from cancerous patients. It is observed an appreciable change in the dielectric properties of cancerous samples with the normal healthy samples and these measurements were in good agreement with clinical analysis. This measurement technique is simple and the collection of smear is painless and nonsurgical in nature. The results show a new method of diagnosing cervical cancer using microwave measurement without any surgical procedures and suggest an alternative to Papanikolaou test or Papanicolaou test. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1552–1554, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23433


Literate cultural capital is a phrase used to describe the literacy knowledge and skills children have on school entry (Prochnow, Tunmer & Arrow, 2015; Tunmer & Nicholson, 2011). Literacy knowledge and skills include oral language, vocabulary, an awareness of how books operate, letter name knowledge, letter sound knowledge, phonological awareness, and invented spelling (Prochnow, Tunmer & Arrow, 2015). Children who commence school with a good level of literate cultural capital are advantaged and are more likely to develop age-appropriate reading skills as they progress through school compared to children who commence school with little literate cultural capital. In addition to having literate cultural capital children also need teachers who have an excellent understanding of the reading process, the history of written English, and are able to implement research-based and research-tested reading practices (Duke &Martin, 2011; Henry, 2010; Pressley, 2008; Prochnow, Tunmer, & Chapman, 2013; Tunmer & Chapman, 2015a). According to Henry:


escola, especialment). Cob- jectiu d'aquest article es posar en relleu aquests canvis conceptuals que s'han produit conside- rant estudis que s'han fet recentment a Catalunya. Abstract: Deaf pupils especially need the support of the family and the school to prevent the appearance of any personality trait which could have a negative effect on their socialisation and affective development:. From static conceptual perspectives, deaf people have traditionally be- en described using stt2reotyped personality traits. Now, from more interactive positions, social context (the family anil the school) has acquired more importance. The main objective of this ar- ticle is to examine themse conceptual changes


Cushing's Syndrome, Osteoporosis and Multiple Fractures.-A. A. G. LEWIS, M.D., M.R.C.P. Male, aged 44. 1943: Increasing weight; headaches; polycythemia and raised blood pressure. June 1943: Called up for Army. August 1943: In military hospital with "infected ganglion" of foot. Glycosuria noted. Gained 26 lb. in two months. Invalided with diagnoses of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and polycythaemia. 1945-1949: Monthly venesections, at first one pint at a time, later two. Given 36 units soluble insulin daily. During the last six years red cell count varied from 3,200,000 to 5,700,000, and the bloodpressure from 160/80 to 170/110. Since 1943: Gained 2 stone. Thirst, polyuria, occipital headaches and dizzy attacks. Swelling of ankles. Fell down and broke his foot in December 1949. No pain in chest. Libido almost non-existent. On examination (February 1950).-Round red face. Thin skin, with bruises and petechiae, bruising on pinching. A few small stria on shoulders. Obesity confined to trunk. Bloodpressure 175/105. Glycosuria. Blood: R.B.C. 4,400,000; Hb 83%; W.B.C. 12,500; lymphos. 8%. Platelets, coagulation and bleeding times normal. Blood calcium 10 6 mg. %, phosphorus 3 0 mg. %, alkaline phosphatase 6 * 6 K.A. units, sodium 328 mg. %, potassium 20 5 mg. %. Glucose tolerance test: 95100 159 215 246 mg. %. Glucose insulin tolerance test: 72 147 225 213 149 mg. %. Urinary 17-ketosteroids 9 mg./twenty-four hours. Creatine 272 mg./twenty-four hours. X-rays: Fractures of all but three of the ribs, several in more than one place. Some osteoporosis of entire skeleton, including skull. The patient was admitted to the Middlesex Hospital under Professor A. Kekwick in December 1949, when the diagnosis was made and testosterone propionate therapy started. 22.2.50: Hemoglobin 90o%.


We discuss different kinds of parton distributions, which allow one to obtain a multidimensional picture of the internal structure of the nucleon. We use the concept of generalized transverse momentum dependent parton distributions and Wigner distributions, which combine the features of transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions and generalized parton distributions. We show examples of these functions within a phenomenological quark model, with focus on the role of the spin-spin and spin-orbit correlations of quarks.


IN THE massive body of medical literature that has accumulated over the last century, there are occasional contributions that provide such an elemental description of a clinicopathologic disease entity that subsequent decades of research and meticulous study fail to substantially improve on the original. Such a work is this issue's LANDMARK ARTICLE, the description of amniotic fluid embolism by Steiner and Lushbaugh.1 Although the fields of pathology and obstetrics have both changed markedly in the 45 years since the publication of this article, the fundamental information therein continues to be germane. In many respects, the little gains in knowledge of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and course of amniotic fluid embolism since 1941 have been the result of advances in technology, most notably central monitoring catheters, to aid in both antemortem diagnosis and characterization of the clinical and physiological manifestations of this fulminating, often fatal event. A Subset of Deaths The


Governmental and institutional service providers assigned to areas where involuntary or forced population movement occurs are required to provide goods and security as well as policies and strategies to distressed peoples. This type of population displacement took place on an epic scale in 2011. Modeling and simulation presents a constructive approach to critical analysis and projections needed for decision-making via the representation and characterization of distressed populations to envisage why, when, and where migration will occur. This paper presents a multi-disciplinary methodology to researching and modeling population displacement in a broad, yet inclusive sweep. An Environment Matrix and an Agent Matrix are presented that can be used as a template to develop an agent-based model to capture this phenomenon. These matrices facilitate an accurate representation of an environment and a thorough characterization of agents. The crisis in Syria serves as a use-case for matrix development. This type of agent-based modeling and analysis can proffer insight on how to prevent, hold constant, or moderate escalating effects of threats to populations in jeopardy as well as anticipate when forced migration might occur.


Aggregated beta‐amyloid (Aβ) and elevated plasma levels of homocysteine have been implicated as critical factors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The neuroprotective effects and possible mechanism of four structurally similar dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans (namely schisandrin, schisantherin A, schisandrin B and schisandrin C) isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (Schisandraceae) against Aβ25‐35 and homocysteine toxicity in PC12 cells was studied. Exposure of PC12 cells to 0.5 µm Aβ25‐35 caused significant cell death, increased the number of apoptotic cells, elevated reactive oxygen species, increased the levels of the pro‐apoptotic protein Bax and caspase‐3 activation. All these effects induced by Aβ25‐35 were markedly reversed by schisandrin B and schisandrin C pretreatment, while schisandrin and schisantherin A had no obvious effects. Meanwhile, schisandrin B and schisandrin C reversed homocysteine‐induced cytotoxicity. The results indicated that schisandrin B and schisandrin C protected PC12 cells against Aβ toxicity by attenuating ROS production and modulating the apoptotic signal pathway through Bax and caspase‐3. Further structure–activity analysis of Schisandra lignans and evaluations of their neuroprotective effects using AD animal models are warranted. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In a perception experiment, L1 Mandarin and L1 Japanese novice learners of Korean classified non-tense /s/or tense /s*/initial Korean CV tokens. A mixed effects logistic regression model with acoustic cues as predictor variables was built for each L1 group, and each individual's regression coefficients were interpreted to be the cue weighting used in identifying Korean /s/ and /s*/. We propose that the weighting of L2 perceptual cues is influenced by the weighting of the same cues in the L1 perception of acousticaly similar contrasts, but that intra-L1 individual variation is great enough that the expected inter-L1 differences may appear less well defined.


Inversion of transient electromagnetic (TEM) data sets to image the subsurface three-dimensional (3-D) electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability properties can be done directly in the time domain. The technique, first introduced by Wang et al. (1994) for causal and diffusive electromagnetic fields and subsequently implemented by Zhdanov and Portniaguine (1997) in the framework of iterative migration, is based upon imaging methods originally developed for seismic wavefields (Claerbout, 1971; Tarantola, 1984). In this paper we advance the original derivations of Wang et al. (1994) and Zhdanov and Portniaguine (1997) to treat non-causal TEM fields, as well as correct a flaw in the theory for treatment of magnetic field data. Our 3D imaging scheme is based on a conjugate-gradient search for the minimum of an error functional involving EM measurements governed by Maxwell's equations without displacement currents. Treatment for magnetic field, voltage (time derivative of the magnetic field) and electric field data are given. The functional can be computed by propagating the data errors back into the model in reverse time along with a DC field, sourced by the integrated data errors over the measurement time range. By correlating these fields, including the time-integrated back-propagated fields, with the corresponding incident field and its initial value at each image point, efficient computational forms for the gradients are developed. The forms of the gradients allow for additional efficiencies when voltage and electric field data are inverted. In such instances the combined data errors can be back-propagated jointly, significantly reducing the computation time required to solve the inverse problem. The inversion algorithm is applied to the long offset transient electromagnetic measurement (LOTEM) configuration thereby demonstrating its capability in inverting non-causal field measurements of electric field and voltage, sourced by a grounded wire, over complex structures. Findings also show that migration, without iteration or preconditioning, is not an effective imaging strategy; reconstructions at the first inversion iteration bear little resemblance to simple or complex test models.


The Aerotiss 035-One Side Straight Stdching - technology consists of assembling a dry composity preform by means of carbon threads (fig.1). One of the advantages of such figa technology is a quicker manufacturing process that integrates mechanical furtures and culs down ou weight. Technological demonstration and mechanical characterization show the technology's potential its strength capability is twice that of honding.


Current methods for assessing safety pharmacology in the context of cardiac arrhythmia risk are unable to distinguish between drugs that cause cardiac rhythm disturbances and benign drugs. Drugs deemed likely to be unsafe share the common property of blocking the human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene (hERG) encoded cardiac potassium channel and consequent prolongation of QT interval on the ECG. However, hERG block and QT prolongation alone are not selective indicators for cardiac arrhythmia. Here we present a prototype computational framework to distinguish between safe and unsafe hERG blockers. We used recent cryo-EM hERG structure to build and validate an atomistic structural model of the channel open conducting state. We also developed structural atomistic models of dofetilide, a hERG blocking drug with high pro-arrhythmia risk, in both charged and neutral ionization states. Next, we employed unbiased and enhanced sampling all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to probe atomic-scale mechanisms of dofetilide interaction with open-state hERG. Multi-microsecond drug "flooding" simulations revealed spontaneous dofetilide binding to the channel pore through the intracellular gate. Umbrella sampling MD was used to compute dofetilide affinity to hERG, in good agreement with experiment, as well as ingress and egress rates, which in a novel linkage between the atomistic and functional scale are utilized in our companion paper (Yang P-C et al. 2019 bioRxiv:635433) to parameterize functional kinetic models of dofetilide - hERG interactions used to predict emergent drug effects on the cardiac rhythm. This study represents the first necessary components of a computational framework for virtual cardiac safety pharmacology screening from the atom to the rhythm.


The extensively completed revision of most of the ISO measurement standards in building acoustics mainly initiated by the European Commissions demand for harmonized standards emphasized the insight that the main goal to avoid trade barriers between the countries can only be reached when the standards sufficiently and comprehensively cover the field when they are related to the actual state of the art and when they are sufficiently related to practice. In modern architecture one can observe the rapid change in the use of building materials, for instance regarding the use of glass. Lightweight constructions as well as heavyweight building elements with additional linings are increasingly in common use and unquestionably there are consequences to be considered regarding the ascertainment of sound insulation properties. Besides others, International Standardization is unsatisfactory regarding the assessment of noise in buildings from waste water installations, in the low frequency area and in general regardin...


This article examines aspects of the use of a new discourse marker in present-day
Basque, namely hurrenez hurren. First of all a distinction will be drawn between its two
present senses: the adverbial notion of �one after the other� (hurrenez hurren-1) and the
use as a grammaticalized discourse marker meaning �respectively� (hurrenez hurren-2).
This is followed by an attempt to characterize it as a certain kind of reformulating discourse
marker (a particularizing reformulator). The recent origin (second half of the twentieth century) of this trend towards a new value as a discourse marker and the �naturalness� of the shift are also discussed. The article�s concluding sections analyze some features of the expression such as sentence position, punctuation, syntax, frequency in modern written texts, and discourse value.


BOOK REVIEW MINIMIZING RACISM IN JURY TRIALS: The Voir Dire Conducted by Charles R. Garry in People of California v. Huey P. Newton. Edited by Ann Fagan Ginger. National Lawyers Guild, P.O. Box 673, Berkeley, California 94701. 250 pages $10 ($6 for students). P ERHAPS MORE APPROPRIATELY described as systemized injustice, what is known as the criminal justice system in this country has consistently militated against the interests of Black people. Given the present situation, it could not be otherwise. It is white policemen 1 who exercise their power and discretion in the threshold encounter on the street, white prosecutors who decide whether to initiate criminal proceedings on what charge, and white judges 2 and jurors who are ordained to make the impartial decisions on the merits of the case. The result of this legalized conspiracy is a foregone conclusion: non-whites have a significantly greater chance of being arrested, prosecuted, and convicted. With conditions being as they are for the average black person, it is only with a tremendous degree of tolerance for functional na'vet6 and blatant hypocrisy that one can understand the furor raised by Kingman Brewster's doubtful attitude 3 about the probable fate of more militant blacks. It is not at all illogical to assert that a system which has amply demonstrated its recalcitrance to assure minimal justice for those it does not understand, will move affirmatively to deny justice to those whom it fears. Minimizing Racism in Jury Trials 4 tells of efforts to obtain a fair trial for Huey P. Newton, co-founder and Minister of Defense of the Black Panther Party. Newton was charged with the murder of one Oakland police officer and the attempted murder of another. 5 After four days of deliberation the 1. For discussion of lack of black policemen see Newsweek, LXXVIII: no. 7, August 16, 1971 at 19. 2. See Beverly Blair Cook, Black Representation in the Third Branch, BLACK LAW JOURNAL, p. 260 supra. 3. The President of Yale University is quoted as saying, I am appalled and ashamed that things should have come to such a point that I am skeptical of the ability of black revolutionaries to achieve a fair trial anywhere in the United States. Behind the Turmoil at Yale: Black Power and the C6urts, U.S. News and World Reports, LXVIII: No. 19, May 11, 1970, at 41-42. 4. Minimizing Racism In Jury TrIals: The Voir Dire Conducted by Charles R. Garry in People of Cali- fornia v. Huey P. Newton (A. F. Ginger ed. 1969), hereinafter called Minimizing Racism In Jury Trials. S. At approximately 5:00 a.m. on the morning of October 28, 1967, in the heart of the black ghetto in Oakland, California, a white Oakland police officer stopped a vehicle occupied by two black men. Shortly thereafter, Officer John Frey was dead; another officer Herbert Heanes, and the driver of the car, Huey P. Newton, were seriously wounded. Huey P. Newton was indicted for murder. The only information from Officer Frey received over the Police Information Network was that he ob- served a known Black Panther vehicle. He requested a rolling check on the license number, but reported no violations, and his conversation with the radio operator contained no reference to anything suspicious or unusual about the vehicle or its occupants. Before receiving any information on the requested rolling check, Officer Frey told the radio operation that he was going to stop the vehicle. The license numbers of vehicles known by the Oakland Police Department to be owned or used by Black Panthers are circulated by the Department to its officers. And ostensibly, the only reason the vehicle was stopped was that it was on the list. Huey P. Newton is a co-founder and Minister of Defense of the Black Panther Party for Self Defense. One of the purposes for which the Party was formed was to patrol the ghetto to observe the activiities of the police. When Party members observed police making an arrest or otherwise hassling ghetto residents. they would stop and, from a short distance, offer advise to the person being arrested concerning his legal rights. As a result of these patrols, observers reported a decrease in police harassment of the gen- eral black community but an increase in harassment and arrests of the Panthers themselves. The defendant had personally been harassed, stopped, searched some 40 to 50 times. Just who shot whom on the morning of October 28 was in dispute. The only weapon recovered from the scene was that of Officer Heanes. Officer Heanes never saw a gun in defendant's hand. and de- fendant denied having a weapon. (Based on statement in Opening Brief of California v. Newton) Minimiz- ing Racism in Jury Trials, p. 1.


-Due to its successful application in recommender system, collaborative filtering (CF) has become a hot research topic in data mining and information retrieval. In traditional CF methods, only the feedback matrix, which contains explicit feedback or implicit feedback on the items given by users, is used for training and prediction. Typically, the feedback matrix is spares, which means that most users interact with item. Due to this sparcity problem, traditional CF only feedback matrix is sparse, which means that most users interact with few items. Due to this sparcity problem, rational CF with only feedback information will suffer from unsatisfactory performance. Recently, may researchers have proposed to utilize auxiliary information, such as item content, tp alleviate the data sparcity problem in CF. collaborative topic regression(CTR) is one of the methods which has achieved promising performance by successfully integrating both feedback information and item content information. I many real application, besides the feedback and item content information, there may exist relations among the items which can be helpful for recommendation. In this paper, we develop a novel hierarchical Bayesian model called Relational Collaborative Topic Regression (RCTR), which extends CTR by seamlessly integrating user-item feedback information, item content information, and network structure among items into the same model. Experiments on real-world datasets show that our model can achieve better prediction accuracy than the state-of-the-art methods with lower empirical training time. Moreover, RCTR can learn good interpretable latent stricter which are useful for recommendation.


Software restructuring is essential for maintaining software quality. It is a usual practice that we first design the software and then go for coding. After coding, if there is any change in the requirement or if the output is incorrect, then we have to modify the code again. For each small code modification, it is not feasible to alter the design. These minor changes made to the code causes decay in the software design. Software refactoring is used to restructure the code to improve the design and quality of the software. In this paper, we propose an approach for performing code refactoring. We use slice-based cohesion metrics to identify the target methods that require refactoring. After identifying the target methods, we use program slicing to divide the target method into two parts. Finally, we use the concept of aspects to alter the code structure in a manner that does not change the external behaviour of the original module.


The application of foreign law in American courts forms the subject matter of much comparative law writing. Two alternative approaches are usually adopted by the comparative legal scholars. One studies pleading and proof of foreign law in American courts; the other studies the substantive use of foreign law by American courts. No studies of the actual use of Jewish law by American courts are to be found. In what follows an attempt will be made to fill the gap and to draw some conclusions concerning the relevance and advantages to the courts, the parties and society generally of such use of Jewish law. All reported cases which have expressly made some use of Jewish law are collected and analyzed in this article. In addition, the application of Jewish law to the resolution of conflicts presently handled by the courts is discussed. The reported judgments in which a party's appeal to Jewish law was considered relevant are classified according to American law classifications as opposed to Jewish law classifications. Finally, the actual relevance and the relevance in the eyes of the presiding judge of the Jewish law to the controversy before the court is examined.


Modeling preventive medical checkup systems (PMCS) is an important part of predicting future healthcare coverage. In this paper we show how to model a two stage interdependent System as it applies to basic cancer prevention. Starting with a short introduction of the two used modeling techniques we show the basic principle of the preventive cancer checkup process (PCCP) and how it was modeled with these opposing approaches. We then extract the key benefits from each technique and also their shortcomings when applying it onto the PCCP. Furthermore we show at what level of detail which method should be used to gain the most valuable insight into those complex checkup systems.


[Objective]To explore the mental health and the relevant factor of the rheumatoid arthritis women in hospitals,and to provide evidence for clinic intervention.[Methods]by using individual in-depth interview,20 women rheumatoid arthritis in-patients were interviewed according to consistent standard interview outline.[Results]At the beginning,most patients didn't attach much importance to their illness and treatments,and their mental status remained stable,however,with the illness getting worse,a majority of patients come forth with mood fluctuation,especially anxiety and the depression. During hospitalization,patient's social support level is low and their capability of coping with the bad mood is poor. Meanwhile,the medical service mainly focuses on disease treatment,excluding intervention of psychological health.[Conclusion]The development of rheumatoid arthritis affects the patient's physiological,mental health as well as various social aspects. Consequently,medical staff should not only pay attention to the disease treatment,but also take patient's mental status into consideration;meanwhile,mental intervention should be combined with clinical therapy so as to improve life quality of rheumatoid arthritis patients.


Women's Issues in English Language Newspapers Ammu Joseph Kalpana Sharma The increased attention to women and to women's issues in the media in the last decade has not been free of blatant sexism and/or subtle distortions, partly as a consequence of overt biases and partly due to the very structure of the media. This article looks at the coverage of all issues concerning women in the English language press between 1979 and 1988 focusing on five landmark issues


Abstract This paper looks at the impact of the economic crisis on security discourses and understandings in the Asia‐Pacific, in particular on the earlier 'emerging consensus' that: (1) multilateral dialogue is security‐enhancing; (2) consensus‐building is better than institution‐building; (3) security needs to be seen in comprehensive terms; and (4) regional security depends on a continuing US military presence. It argues that the crisis has provided an opportunity for the practice and, to a lesser extent, the theory of regional security to be (re)debated and (re)interpreted in certain ways, and that this is serving to strengthen some elements of the regional security consensus and weaken others. While it remains too early to make any final judgement, it appears that the direction of change overall is more backwards than forwards, favouring traditional rather than new or critical security approaches.


Holocaust and Genocide Studies Nazi officials considered substantial exchanges of Jews for assets, their true aim was to embarrass the Allies. Besides, Hitler would certainly have vetoed such deals. From the German viewpoint, inveigling Jews and perhaps Allied intelligence agents into negotiations might serve the propaganda purposes of the Reich: limited transfers of Jews for assets might, if publicized, convince substantial numbers of Allied citizens that this was indeed a "war for the Jews." To the suspicious Allies, Jews engaged in such transactions were thus security risks, if not worse. Should anyone require proof that the Nazi charge of a "Jews' war" was false, Shlomo Aronson's dissection of British (and American) actions and inactions provides it in relentless detail. Yet his conclusion is not without sympathy or even pathos: Aronson knows that the Allies felt compelled to fight and defeat Hitler; he also concludes that their decision to do so sealed the fate of the Jews. Even if broader rescue policies had been pursued, the vast majority of the trapped Jews could not have survived the war. Aronson sometimes speaks in tones of muted passion. How could it be otherwise, when his mother's family was murdered in Poland during the war? Yet his passion never leads to bias; Aronson's book is a model of scholarly objectivity, supported by superb research. Hitler, the Allies, and the Jews is likely to become a standard work, to be consulted by anyone interested in Jewish and Allied reactions to the murder of the Jews in Europe.


The invention relates to a method for detecting roll-over events in a motor vehicle and triggering of corresponding restraining means, the rotational rate of the vehicle about at least one axis of rotation, in particular its longitudinal axis and / or with the aid of at least one rotational speed sensor is detected and evaluated its transverse axis. DOLLAR A It is proposed to consider the translational acceleration of the vehicle in the evaluation of the rotation rate sensor signal to avoid interference in the functioning of the rotation rate sensor which have been caused by extreme translational accelerations lead to false triggering of restraint means for a rollover.


We present updated measurements of CP-violating asymmetries in the decays B{sup 0}{yields}D*{sup {+-}}D{sup {+-}} and B{sup 0}{yields}D{sup +}D{sup -} using (383{+-}4)x10{sup 6}BB pairs collected by the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II B factory. We determine the time-integrated CP asymmetry A{sub D*{sup {+-}}}{sub D{sup {+-}}}=0.12{+-}0.06{+-}0.02, and the time-dependent asymmetry parameters to be C{sub D*{sup +}}{sub D{sup -}}=0.18{+-}0.15{+-}0.04, S{sub D*{sup +}}{sub D{sup -}}=-0.79{+-}0.21{+-}0.06, C{sub D*{sup -}}{sub D{sup +}}=0.23{+-}0.15{+-}0.04, S{sub D*{sup -}}{sub D{sup +}}=-0.44{+-}0.22{+-}0.06, C{sub D{sup +}}{sub D{sup -}}=0.11{+-}0.22{+-}0.07, and S{sub D{sup +}}{sub D{sup -}}=-0.54{+-}0.34{+-}0.06, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.


This paper is an attempt at a polemic with the position of the Supreme Court expressed in the cassation case II CSKP 509/22. The subject matter discussed in the paper is of great importance, particularly from a practical point of view, and concerns the issue of the (im)possibility of establishing the date of a will in a situation where doubts arise as to the relation of this will to another will which is dated. The considerations take into account not only the achievements of Polish doctrine, but also - for the sake of comparison and in order to find the best possible model for proceedings in this type of case - the solutions functioning in foreign legal systems (mainly German and French).


A method to refine phases by a numerical Fourier transformation of difference electron density peaks is described. It was tested with an artificial two-dimensional structure of NaNO2. Starting from the phases of a spherical-free-atom model, those of the hypothetical true structure of aspherical atoms were reproduced fairly well after five cycles. The scale factor of the structure factors was also improved by the refinement.


—A job is an important component in an individual's life. Switching has been done by an individual by making a move from his old workplace to a new workplace. An individual might switch his job when he feels uncomfortable with his previous job. This study aims to find out the reasons underlying the desire of individuals to switching jobs from workers and choose to become entrepreneurs as their next career. The method used in this study is qualitative method with phenomenological approach. There are 4 informants in this study, who have met the criteria which have undergone job switching from workers to becoming as an entrepreneur. The analytical tool used was purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Purposive sampling that is by considering having the characteristics needed by the researcher. While snowball sampling is the initial sample used to find the next informant. This research shows the results that personal value is the reason that underlies the intention to switching jobs and becoming as an entrepreneur as his next career.


Abstract Objective: Emotional distress may be associated with severe aging symptoms. This study aimed to investigate aging symptoms in male psychiatric outpatients and their relationship with anxiety and depression. Method: About 176 male psychiatric outpatients aged 40–80 years were enrolled into this single-center cross-sectional study, and completed self-reported questionnaires including "Aging Males' Symptoms" (AMS) scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Result: Age was correlated with less anxiety (r = −0.23), less psychological (r = −0.16) and more sexual symptoms (r = 0.31). After controlling demographic variables, the partial correlation coefficients of HADS and AMS scores ranged from 0.30 to 0.73. Four groups were defined by HADS: control (C; n = 103), depression (D; n = 18), anxiety (A; n = 26) and mixed anxiety and depression (M; n = 29). The M group had the most severe aging symptoms, and the C group the least. The A group had more psychological and less sexual symptoms than the D group. "Impaired sexual potency" was the only aging symptom in males not significantly different among the four groups. Conclusions: Anxiety and depression was associated with more severe aging symptoms in male psychiatric outpatients. Sexual dysfunction could be regarded as the core manifestation to differentiate aging symptoms from syndromal emotional distress.


Very large kaolin clay deposits are recorded at the Western Desert of Iraq, in the Ga'ara Formation (Permocarboniferous), Hussainiyat Formation (Lower Jurassic), and Amij Formation (Middle Jurassic) and as flint clay at the base of the Hussainiyat Formation in karsts developed in the Ubaid Formation carbonates. Other exposed formations, such as Zor Hauran Formation (Upper Triassic) incorporate some thick impure kaolinitic horizons. The investigated clays are sedimentary (transported) except the flint clay, which is from in situ alteration of kaolin during bauxitization. The Ga'ara and Hussainiyat kaolin clays are of fluvial origin, Amij kaolin clay of paralic origin and Zor Hauran kaolinitic clay of marine origin. Kaolinite is the major clay mineral present in these deposits with minor proportions of illite and mixed-layer illite-smectite. The other main admixtures present are quartz, iron oxyhydroxides (mostly goethite) and anatase. Particle size of these deposits ranges from very fine to coarse and their plasticity ranges from super-plastic to moderately plastic, except the Hussainiyat flint clay is non-plastic. Tests on nature of slaking showed that the Ga'ara and Amij kaolin clays disintegrate within 2 – 4 minutes after immersion in water, whereas the Hussainiyat kaolin clays require longer time to disintegrate. Thermal behavior revealed that clays with little impurities sustain higher temperatures and hence physical properties of the test tiles level off at temperatures as high as 1200 °C. On the other hand, clays containing high impurities, such as alkalies and iron oxides, level off at temperatures ranging from 1050 to 1100 °C. Thermal behavior of the silty clay differs from the rest as the linear shrinkage and bulk density show gradual and very slight increase with rise of firing temperature, whereas its open porosity and water absorption decrease in a steeper gradient. The kaolin clays are classified, for industrial purposes, into two classes: white kaolin clays (Al2O3≥20% and Fe2O3˂3%) and coloured kaolin clays (Al2O3 ≥20% and Fe2O3 ≥3%). Follow-up investigations were carried out on eighteen localities to estimate, verify and categorize the quantity and quality of the kaolin clay deposits. The investigations at the Ga'ara locality resulted in estimating about 960 million tons of white and coloured kaolin clay (categories A, C1 and C2), at the Hussainiyat locality about 311 million tons of white and coloured kaolin clays (categories C1 and C2), at Amij locality 32 million tons of coloured kaolin clays (category C2) and at Northeast Hussainiyat locality about 10 million tons of flint kaolin clay. The Kaolin Clay Deposits in the Western Desert of Iraq Mazin Y. Tamar-Agha et al. 148 تلماش ةرظو :تيقارعلا تيبرغلا ءارحصلا يف هيلوؤاكلا هيط بساور مت فسىي نزام ا لا دبع ءامسأ و يدهم ريملأا دبع دمحم و اغآر ع ميهاربا سيس صلختسملا ثإُٚكح ٙف تٛلاشؼنا تٛبشغنا ءاشحصنا ٙف ٍٛنٔؤاكنا ٍٛط بسأس ٍي اذخ ةشٛبك ثاًٛك فاشكخسا ىح ةشؼكنا ٔ )َٕٙبشكٕيشب( ُٛسحنا ٔ )مفسأ ٙساسٕخ( ثاٛ ٙف دٕخٕي ثاُٛٛسحنا ٍٕٚكح مفسٚ ٙخُهف ٍٛط ٔ )ظسٔأ ٙساسٕخ( حياػ ذٛبؼنا ٍٕٚكخن تٚشٛدنا سٕخصنا ٙف تَٕكخي ثافسخ ، ٙساٚشخنا( ٌاسٕح سٔص ٍٕٚكح مثي ٖشخأ ثإُٚكخن ثافشكح ٍػ لاضف .ٙمُنا شٛغ ٍٛنٔؤاكنا ٍي تكًٛس ثامبط ٕ٘حٚ ٘زهنا )ٗهػلأا سًنا ٌاٛطلأا لذح ٍٛطنا اذػ اي )تنٕمُي( تٛبٕسس آَأب تفشكخ ُٕٙٚكح ٌاٛطأ ٌأ ٍٛبح .تخسكبنا للاخ ٌٕكح ةأشُنا ٙهحي َّأب ٍٛبح ٘زهنا ٙخُهفنا ٔ ٘شَٓ آهصأ ثاُٛٛسحنأ ةشؼكنا ٌاٛطأ .٘شحب آهصأ ٌاسٕح سٔص ٍٕٚكح ثاٛطأ اًُٛب ٙهحاس آهصأ حياػ ٍٕٚكح ا ُٙٛطنا ٌذؼًنا جٚاُٛنٔؤاكنا ٌذؼي شبخؼٚ لالأا ٍي تحٛحش ثاًٛك غي بسأشنا ِزْ ٙف سٛئشن ٍي تطهخخي ثامبطٔ جٚ ٔ جٚلالأا خكًسنا ٔ ذٛساكأٔ ضحسإك غي ظهخخٚٔ ،جٚا ثابٛبح ىدح ذٔاشخٚ .سٛحاَأ )جٚاثٕغ ًّظؼي( ذٚذحنا ثاذٛسكٔسذْٛ ٙف ٍٛطنا ٔ اذخ ىػاَ ٍٛب بسأشنا ِزْ ٍشخ ٔ تمئاف ٍٛب آخَٔذنٔ تَٔذهنا تطسٕخي ، ا ٍٛط اذػ ّٛف وذؼُح را ٙخُهفنا ثاُٛٛسحن .تَٔذهنا ٌاٛطأ ٌأ ثاصٕحفنا جُٛب ُٕٙٚكح ٔ ةشؼكنا للاخ ءاًنا ٙف اْشًغ ذُػ جخفخح حياػ 2 – 4 جاخحح اًُٛب كئالد أ ٌاٛط ٍٕٚكح .جخفخخن لٕطأ جلٔ ثاُٛٛسحنا مًحخح بئإشنا ٍي تهٛهل ثاًٛك ٗهػ تٚٔاحنا ٌاٛطلأا ٌأ ٘ساشحنا آكٕهس ٍٛب ساشح ثاخسد ةساشح تخسذب ٕ٘خسح را ٗهػأ ة 0211 ° تًٛك ٗهػ تٚٔاحنا ٌاٛطلأا ايأ .و ثإٚهمنا مثي بئإشنا ٍي تٛناػ ٔ ٍٛب ةساشحنا ثاخسد آٛف ٕ٘خسح ذٚذحنا ذٛساكأ 0151 ٔ 0011 ° ا فهخخٚ اًك .و ٍػ ُٙٚشغنا ٍٛطهن ٘ساشحنا نٕهسن تٛمب ٌاٛطلاا ٔ ٙطخنا آشاًكَا ذٚاضخٚ را ٚسذح تٛهكنا آخفاثك اًٛف قشحنا ةساشح تخسد عافحسا ذُػ لاٛهلٔ ابد تٛياسًنا ممح ءاًنا صاصخيأ تحٕخفًنا .عشسأ ةسٕصب ( ءاضٛب تُٛٛنٔؤاك ٌاٛطأ :ٍٛفُص ٗنا تٛػاُصنا ضاشغلأن تُٛٛنٔؤاكنا ٌاٛطلأا فُٛصح ىح ≤ Al2O3 21 ٔ % Fe2O3 ≤ 3 ٔ )% ( تَٕهي تُٛٛنٔؤاك ٌاٛطأ ≤ Al2O3 21 ٔ % Fe2O3 ≤ 3 ىح .)% تمحلا ثاٚشحح ءاشخا ٌاٛطأ ٗهػ ٙف ٍٛنٔؤاكنا ٔ آحاًٛك بخًٕب آفُٛصحٔ ثاٛطاٛخحلأا ٍي كمحخنأ ًٍٛخخن حياػٔ ثاُٛٛسحنأ ةشؼكنا كطاُي ػَٕ آخٛ آخخسدٔ ٔ ًدًُنا آفٔشظ تٛ ، ثاٚشحخنا ِزْ ٍػ جدخَٔ شٚذمح ءاضٛبنا تُٛٛنٔؤاكنا ٌاٛطلأا ٍي ةشؼكنا تمطُي ٙف ثاٛطاٛخحا ٔ تَٕهًنا أ( فاُص A ٔ C1 ٔ C2 ٙنإح ) 960 ٔ ٍط ٌٕٛهي ءاضٛبنا تُٛٛنٔؤاكنا ٌاٛطلأا ٍي ثاُٛٛسحنا تمطُي ٙف ٔ تَٕهًنا فاُصأ( C1 ٔ C2 ) 300 ٔ ٍط ٌٕٛهي طلأا ٍي حياػ تمطُي ٙف تَٕهًنا تُٛٛنٔؤاكنا ٌاٛ فُص( C2 ) 32 ٔ ٍط ٌٕٛهي ٙف ثاُٛٛسحنا قشش لاًش تمطُي تُٛٛنٔؤاكنا ٌاٛطلأا ٍي ٛخُهفنا ت ص( فُ C2 ٙنإح ) 01 .ٍط ٌٕٛهي INTRODUCTION Kaolinite {Al2Si2O5(OH)4} is a hydrous aluminosilicate of the phyllosilicate subclass. Two major kinds of kaolin clay are recognized, a primary or residual, which is considered as kaolin and secondary or transported, which is given various names such as kaolin clay, kaolinitic claystone, ball clay and many others. The kaolin clay is widely used in industry such as paper, ceramic, refractories, paint, rubber, pharmaceuticals and cosmetic, white cement and many other industries. The main consumption is paper, ceramics and refractories. All kaolin deposits at the Western and Southern deserts of Iraq are secondary and hence the term Kaolin clay will be used throughout this paper. The investigated clays are sedimentary (transported) except the flint clay, which is the product of kaolinite alteration during bauxitization. Kaolinite is present throughout the geological column of the Western and Southern deserts of Iraq but it is dominant in the mudrocks of the Ordovician to Cretaceous systems. The most important exposed lithostratigraphic units containing kaolin-clay deposits are Ga'ara Formation (Permocarboniferous), Hussainiyat Formation (Lower Jurassic), Amij Formation (Middle Jurassic) and minor reserves of flint clay (associated with clayey bauxite), at the base of the Hussainiyat Formation in karsts developed in the Ubaid carbonates (Fig.1). Other exposed formations, such as Zor Hauran Formation (Upper Triassic), incorporate some thick Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining Special Issue, No.8, 2019, The Geology and Economic Potential of Mineral Deposits and Occurrences of Iraq p 147  173 149 impure kaolinitic horizons (Fig.1). Prospecting and explorations on kaolin clay however, focused on three formations, namely Ga'ara, Hussainiyat and Amij Formations (Fig.2). Prospecting and exploration for kaolin clay as ceramic raw material started in 1960 by a group of Czech experts (Zurek and Knapp, 1960). Since then the search continued by the Iraq Geological Survey, though intermittently, exploring new and limited deposits. The investigations during the 60s and 70s of the last century focused on the white kaolin clay of the Ga'ara Formation at the Ga'ara Depression, such as Tel Afaif (Zurek and Knapp, 1960), Wadi Mulusi (Yousif and Jabbar, 1967), Samhat (Abboud and Raouf, 1972), Duekhla (Abdul Kadir and Santrucek, 1975), Telul Al-Humer (Elias and Abboud, 1987) and Wadi Al-Nijili (Al-Kindi and Mahmoud, 1987; Tamar-Agha and Mahmoud, 1989). Later, during the 80s and the 90s of the last century, extensive prospecting and exploration programs were carried out by the Iraq Geological Survey (Tamar-Agha, 1986; Tamar-Agha et al., 1991; Mahdi and AlHamad, 1990; Mahdi., 1993; Mahdi et al., 1993; Mahdi and Al-Dulaimi, 1996). Fig.1: Geological map of the Western Desert of Iraq (from Sissakian, 2000) The Kaolin Clay Deposits in the Western Desert of Iraq Mazin Y. Tamar-Agha et al. 150 Fig.2: Location map showing the localities of kaolin-clay and flint-clay deposits in the Western Desert of Iraq During the course of extensive prospecting and exploration on kaolin-clay deposits carried out by the Iraq Geological Survey extensive work was carried out in parallel on upgrading and technological tests. Laboratory experiments were carried out in order to assess their suitability for some industries such as ceramics, refractories, electroporcelain, paper, paints, alumina extraction, alum preparation and many others (Zurek and Knapp, 1960; Japan Consulting Institutein Yousif and Jabbar, 1967; Mustafa, 1981; Al-Azzawi and Aly, 1983; Hammodi and Abdulla, 1987a; Hammodi and Abdulla, 1987b). In addition, many works were carried out by researchers at the universities, such as Al-Youzbaky (1989), Al-Kaysi (1989), Al-Mashaykhi (1991) and Tamar-Agha (1997) and at the research institutes such as Girgis et al. (1982), (Jindy and Ibrahim, 1982).The investigations on the Duekhla clay deposit was completed in 1975 (.Abdul Kadir and Santrucek, 1975) and its exploitation started in 1981. The Duekhla kaolin clay is mainly consumed in the manufacturing of white cement, ceramics and paper (as filler). Later, the Iraq Geological Survey, after concluding the regional geological survey of the country, planned ambitious projects for detailed geological mapping (scale 1: 25 000), and they started at the Ga'ara depression. Two stages were carried out at the Ga'ara Depression, the first during 1983 and the second during 1986 – 1990. The work involved geological mapping, mineral prospecting and exploration of the mineral deposits including kaolin clay (Fig.3), quartz sand and ironstone. Tamar-Agha (1988) outlined the geological investigations on the Ga'ara kaolin clay focusing on their physical properties, chemical composition, grade, reserves and mining conditions. Laboratory experiments are carried out in order to assess their suitability for some industries such as ce


According to the waterflooding characteristics in extra-high water cut stage of oilfield,a calculation model which is based on profit and loss balance principle has been created.This model can be used to identify the economic limit water cut of producers with different cost component.With the use of this model,the economic limit water cut in a development block of Daqing Oilfield with different oil prices has been calculated,and according to the economic benefit,producers have been classified into different group.This model is a significant basis of well shut-in and oil-field development.


Adult bullying at work is shockingly common and enormously destructive. In an in-depth analysis of 148 organizations worldwide, "workplaces evidencing bullying on a relatively routine basis [made] up 49% of the total analyzed" (Hodson, Roscigno, & Lopez, 2006, p. 391). U.S. studies also suggest alarming prevalence rates. During any given 6 to 12 month period, up to 13 percent of workers are bullied on the job; this increases significantly when counting those bullied anytime during their careers (30%, This chapter reviews the current literature regarding the history of bullying research, the factors associated with bullying onset, its consequences or effects, and various avenues for prevention and intervention. Following conventions in bullying research, we refer to those bullied as targets and bullies as actors, bullies, or perpetrators.


Banking/commerce combinations, whereby a banking firm conducts commercial activities such as manufacturing, have long been prohibited in the United States. The traditional concerns with such combinations -- conflicts of interest and the spread of monopoly power -- are not compelling in today's competitive banking markets. But the danger that losses produced by commercial firms might be shifted to government-insured banks is significant. Tight regulatory controls over combined firms can minimize the danger. However, the cost of such controls might well exceed any benefits produced by banking/commerce combinations.


The rise of the World Wide Web as a new information processing technology has attracted the attention of educators worldwide. The purpose of this study was to seek a consensus among art education experts regarding how the Web should be integrated into the art teacher education curricula. The Delphi Method was applied for seeking a consensus. A panel of experts' anonymous individual ratings on specific components of curriculum guidance were recorded, and subjected to several iterations before converging to a final agreement. The concept of integrating Web-based technology into an art education curriculum was accepted by the majority of the panel. Several priority factors found in this study were strongly associated with the popular feature that a Web-based learning style is excellent for immediately delivering information or pedagogical knowledge. In contrast, the concepts related to the potential feature that the Web-based curriculum can develop high learning skills such as problem-solving or creative thinking received less support. Those scale ratings which score lower are proper candidates for additional research as the Web becomes better integrated in art education programs at the college level. The current Web-based technologies will have positive impacts on art education curricula. As the Web-based technology makes progress, the promising features of Web-based learning styles can be incorporated into a sound instructional design. Appendices contain: the criteria for choosing the qualified candidates of the panel; questions of the round one questionnaire; convergence criteria of the coefficient of variation (CV); the round three questionnaire; CV values, difference CVs, and item-level correlations between round two and round three; and the stability and internal reliability coefficients for the total scale and subscales of round three. (Contains 53 references.) (Author/AEF) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.


Motivated by an attempt to predict summer (June‐August) U.K. temperatures, the time-lagged correlations between summer U.K. and European temperatures and prior snow cover, North Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs), and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) are examined. The analysis centers on the 30-yr period 1972‐ 2001 corresponding to the interval of reliable satellite-derived land snow cover data. A significant association is found between late winter Eurasian snow cover and upcoming summer temperatures over the British Isles and adjacent areas, this link being strongest with January‐March snow cover. Significant links are also observed between summer temperatures and the preceding late winter NAO index and with a leading principal component of North Atlantic SST variability. The physical mechanisms underlying these time-lagged correlations are investigated by studying the associated variability in large-scale atmospheric circulation over the Euro‐Atlantic sector. Seasonal expansion in the Azores high pressure system may play an important role in the time-lagged relationships. The potential seasonal predictability of summer U.K. temperatures during the period 1972‐2001 is assessed by cross-validated hindcasts and usable predictive skill is found. However, the presence and cause of temporal instability in the time-lagged relationships over longer periods of time requires further investigation.


Objective: This study's aim is to research the caliber of the Internal Auditory Canal (IAC) and its content sizes whether it is related with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) or not. Method: Cases that were evaluated at Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) clinics with vertigo complaints and were clinically diagnosed as BPPV with normal results during routine tests were studied. Control group data was obtained from cases referred to the radiology department in order to perform brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The study group consisted of left ears of right-handed 49 control clients (30 females) and left ears of righthanded 132 BPPV patients (88 females). Images of ears at the posterior level and superior semicircular canal (SSC) confluence in IAC were used for image analysis. Internal Auditory Canal and its content nerve diameters were analyzed by computer. A statistical assessment was performed on noted high significance levels. Result: No statistically significant difference was detected between nerve diameters of the control and BPPV groups except the superior vestibular nerve (SVN). In the BPPV group, cross sectional areas (CSA) of SVNs were found to be lower in statistical significance (p<0.001) than control group. Conclusion: This trial suggests that vestibular nerve changes are observed more in BPPV cases and should be assessed as a factor in BPPV etiology or as a result of the disease.


We propose a novel quadrotor with a 3-axis deformable frame using parallel link modules. By adding three servo motors to the frame, it has two configurations, namely, roll-pitch deformation mode and yaw deformation mode. In the roll-pitch deformation mode, it can tilt and fold the frame in the roll and pitch directions independently, which gives it 6 controllable degrees of freedom (CDOF). In the yaw deformation mode, it can contract the whole frame in the yaw direction. We propose a design method without thrust loss at any deformed state in both modes. In experiments, we show that it can fly stably even when deformed in both modes by the extended conventional control method. Furthermore, its applications are presented to demonstrate its high versatility.


Objective When intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) given during the acute phase of Kawasaki disease (KD), rapidly reverses clinical symptoms and prevents cardiac disease. The mechanism of IVIG′s therapeutic and prophylactic activity in KD is unknown but is assumed to involve immune mechanisms. The present study aimed at investigating effects of IVIG on T H1/T H2 functional state and mechanism of immunologic therapy of the acute phase from children with KD. Methods The levels of IL-4 and INF-γ in the supernatants of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for 72 hours , or plasma IgE were measured by using ELISA and CD + 4CD + 30 T cells of cultured PBMC for 72 hours were analyzed by using FACS in the pre- or post-treatment (3~5days) with IVIG during from the acute phase 15 children with KD (male 9, female 6, and age 2.3±1.5 years), respectively. Fifteen healthy children (male 8, female 7, and age 2.6±1.4 years) were served as normal controls. Results Expression rate of CD4+CD30+ T cells was markedly higher in the pre-treatment specimens [(16.9±7.5)%] with IVIG during the acute phase of KD than in the post-treatment[(3.8±4.0)%](t=7.02, P0.01) and than in normal controls [(3.0±1.8)%] (u=5.38,P0.01). The IL-4 levels in the supernatants were significantly increased in the pre-treatment [(146±27)ng/L] than in the post-treatment specimens [(54±25)ng/L](t=9.65,P0.01), and than in normal controls [(67±24)ng/L] (u=5.27,P0.01). The INF-γ levels were not significantly different between the pre-treatment [(723±463)ng/L] and with the post-treatment [(668±312)ng/L] (t=0.78,P0.05) specimens. But it was markedly lower in the pre-treatment than in normal controls specimens [(1 099±661)ng/L] (u=1.97,P0.05). The levels of IgE were significantly decreased in the post-treatment plasma [(77±57 )ng/L] than in the pre-treatment plasma [(155±76)ng/L] by IVIG during the acute phase of KD (t=4.25,P0.01), it was significantly different between the pre-treatment and normal controls specimens [(38±52)ng/L] (u=4.58,P0.01). But it was not different between the post-treatment specimens and normal control (u=1.83,P0.05). Conclusion T H1/T H2 functional state in the acute phase of KD was unbalanced. The effects of T H2 were increased. T H1/T H2 imbalance during the acute phase of KD was improved and the enhanced T H2 function were rapidly reversed by IVIG.


Plant disease epidemiologists have built models in order to describe, explain or predict development of epidemics, taking into account the multiple factors that can affect a disease. Indeed, the existence and severity of a disease are determined by the effects of a host, a pathogen, an environment, a cropping system and their interactions. The host component concerns types of resistance, complete or partial. It also involves physiological, morphological or even architectural aspects. The parasite component concerns the biology of the organism and genetic aspects like virulence and aggressiveness. The environmental component concerns the climate (primarily wetness, temperature, radiation, wind) as well as soil, topography, landscape structure and the biological environment. The crop management component brings into play all the agricultural practices that can affect the disease, directly or indirectly. For coffee diseases, only statistical models have been developed. Some of them are very simple. They explain a characteristic of the disease (for example, the latent period3) or of the epidemic4 (the percentage of diseased leaves for example) by only a few climatic or host characteristics predictors. Others are much more complicated. They integrate a great number of predictors and sometimes make a hierarchy between them by order of influence on the response. All of these models have been very useful for the understanding of the conditions that are propitious to the development of an epidemic. However, further understanding of the mechanisms that govern coffee-disease epidemics requires different approach, including the development of mechanistic models, which permit analysing in a quantitative manner the way a system is functioning. It has been widely used for modelling plants diseases, as it allows quantitative integration of the individual effects, and interactions, of various factors on complex biological processes. (Resume d'auteur)


Al-doped ZnO(ZAO) layers have been prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering from Zn:2.0%Al (mass fraction) alloy target on glass and silicon wafer substrates. The influences of the deposition parameters on the crystallization behavior as well as electrical and optical properties of ZAO films have been investigated. The crystallinity of the films was improved and the columnar crystalline growth became dominant as the substrate temperature increased. All the films show a compressive stress, which increased as the DC power increased, while it decreased as the substrate temperature was raised. Optical transmittance up to 80% in the visible range and electrical resistivity as low as 3×10-4-4×10-4Ω·cm were obtained under optimal deposition conditions.


A method of structure damage tolerance analysis based on the structural fatigue reliability analysis is presented in the present paper. The stochastic distribution of the fatigue life in the process of the fatigue cracks growing in the structure and the relevant representation of structure reliability is given. Under the condition of the statistical parameters related to fatigue life of the structure, such as the initial crack length, the material toughness used, and the load acting on the structure being given, the dynamic reliability curves are obtained. Thus, the damage tolerance and the other design parameters can be determined according to the request of reliability.


Targeted towards the prospective primary and early years teacher trainees, the book opens with a general overview of the Initial Teacher Education (ITE) programme in Scotland. The authors discuss the choices and options available to gain a qualified teacher status and become a fully registered teacher as outlined by the General Teaching Council for Scotland (GTCS). Different parts of the book highlight the complexity of the learning context, i.e. the field experience, by discussing various components involved in this process. It is full of helpful tips, pointers, references and advice, all providing adequate guidance for a novice trainee to visualise a training context. Vignettes of case studies are used to illustrate the components, such as how to observe, plan, evaluate and assess etc. The introductory chapter rather sets a tone of rigid structure and accountability, although it must be said that the information provided here is valuable for creating an understanding of the procedures involved in school placement. Quite rightly there is a focus on developing generic skills such as planning, management and evidence collection throughout the ITE programme and the induction year. However, using this evidence and other skills to prepare for a profession which is continuously changing and developing requires systematic reflection on the process of learning. This is an aspect perhaps less emphasised than others such as self-management skills. The authors appropriately point out that every host school is unique. Depending on the culture/ethos of the schools and the nature of partnership between the school and the university, experiences of the placements will vary. Unless the students are aware of these factors and are prepared to adapt to a new learning environment, there is no set formula that can ensure the quality of the placement experience they will have in a school. In an age of uncertainty, trainee teachers need to be equipped with skills which can be adapted. These cannot be attained without focusing on 'learning how to learn'. The book emphasises regulations and responsibilities. While these are crucially important factors in training to be a teacher, accountability alone cannot ensure effectiveness. In order to innovate and progress, critical reflection on all skills combined becomes the key to developing a teacher as a lifelong learner.


Ten (10) fermented milk samples (nono) from Samaru nd Sabongari market were collected and mesophilic bacteria count in colony forming unit pe r ml (cfu/ml) using plate count method was carried out. The average aerobic mesophilic bacteria count btained ranges from 2.0 x 10 7 to 2.23 x 10cfu/ml. Most probable number method was employed for presum ptive coliform count and out of the 10 samples analyzed, 8 samples had less than 10MPN/ml coliform which indicated that they were satisfactory and safe for consumption while the remaining two (2) sa mples had MPN/ml coliform greater than 10, indicating that they are unsatisfactory and may con stitute health hazard. Confirmatory and completed test also confirmed the presence of E. coli and Klebsiella species. The pH of the samples determined ranges from 3.61 to 4.01, the average titratable ac idity and their percentage occurrence in the sample s were also calculated. Staphylococcus species (100%) , Escherichia species(90%) , Streptococcus species(80%) , Bacillus species (40%) and Klebsiella species(10%) were isolated in the nono samples. Methylene blue reduction test classified the nono i t good (C, D, E, F), Fair (A,B,I,J) and Poor (G,H).Though, the coliform bacterial count was less in ome samples, but nevertheless the presence of these bacteria identified is an indication that the fermented milk was feacally contaminated and this can pose a health hazard to the consumers of this ferme nted milk. As such, the government and authorities concern should enlighten the populace that is the n ono sellers on the health hazard associated with unhygienic processing of this milk so as to safegua rd the health of the people.


Expression of the tight junction proteins Cldn1 and 4 is altered in skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, and Cldn1 deficiency affects skin barrier formation. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) has been proven to allow detection of alterations in the skin barrier but is currently unable to separate effects on viable epidermis (VE) and stratum corneum (SC).


Crystals of the title compound (II) are triclinic, a= 7·832(1), b= 13·797(3), c= 6·731(1)A, α= 98·21(3), β= 101·36(2), γ= 92·71(3)°, Z= 2, space group P. The structure was determined from diffractometer data by direct methods, and refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques to R 0·061 for 1774 observed reflections. One six-membered ring has a half-chair and the other a boat conformation, the latter as part of a norbornene system. Some of the bonds are longer than normal.


Tuberculosis remains one of the major threats to human health, Mycobacterium tuberculosis , a gram-positive bacterium kills two or three million people per year.ATPdependent Clp protease (ClpP) is a core unit of a major bacterial protease complex. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) genome contains two genes coding for putative ClpPs, ClpP1 and ClpP2 respectively, that are likely to play a role in the virulence of the bacterium.  ClpP2 employing as a new attractive drug target for that isolates ClpP2 involved in bacteria growth and oxidative stress tolerance. In the present study a complete structural analysis and 3-D modelling of clpP2 protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , was carried out. The 214 amino acid sequence of the clpP2 protein was retrieved from NCBI database. Based on the PDB Blast report, PDB file of ClpP from E. coli was used as template for three dimensional structure of the clpP2 protein, was predicted by using the software MODELLER 9v9.The template protein exposed 49% sequence identity with clpp2 protein. The computed model's energy was minimized and validated using PROCHECK to obtain a stable model structure. Ramachandran plot showed that, fur protein have 94.7% fully allowed region, 5.3% additionally allowed region, 0.0% generously allowed region and 0.0% disallowed region and later then is submitted in Protein Model Database (PMDB-ID: PM0077929) . The model might be elucidated the use in additional functional characterization of this protein.


Report written by P. L. Bentley to Chief J. E. Curry concerning the arrest of Lee Harvey Oswald. Bentley describes his involvement in the arrest and states that he helped subdue Oswald when he saw him pull out a pistol.


Introduction * Changing Expectations for American Education * Building the University of Michigan on a High School Foundation * Michigan Launches a Movement for Regional Accreditation * The Secondary Schools' Challenge to Higher Education and the Dominance of the Modern Subjects * Charles W. Eliot and the Early Campaign for a National Education System * Regional Efforts and a Renewed Focus on National Reform * Epilogue-Looking Ahead by Looking to the Past


The need for rapid product design, resulting from time to market pressure, is accompanied by an increasing demand for product differentiation. In order to meet these demands, firms are seeking more efficient ways to integrate consumer's input into the product design process. Furthermore, appropriate integration of consumer influence yields the tangible benefit of increased probability of product acceptance in the marketplace. The objective of this paper is to introduce a comprehensive framework that integrates consumer's influence into the design space using a multiobjective optimization approach. We formulate the problem as a biobjective mixed-integer problem, for which the compromised solution is represented as a set of efficient points. A case study involving optimal design of an under eye cream product was used to illustrate the application of the framework.


The boom of tourism brings about the prosperity of education on tourism and needs the support of high-quality education on tourism.The objectives of tourism education at college and the nature of tourism make it clear that tourism education should be a pleasant experience-based education.This paper explores the ways to construct an experience-oriented tourism teaching mode.


This paper propose image steganalysis scheme based on independence between parent and child subband on the multi-layer wavelet domain. The proposed method decompose cover and stego images into 12 subbands by applying 3-level Haar UWT(Undecimated Wavelet Transform), analyze statistical independency between parent and child subband. Because this independency is appeared more difference in stego image than in cover image, we can use it as feature to differenciate between cover and stego image. Therefore we extract 72D features by calculation first 3 order statistical moments from joint characteristic function between parent and child subband. Multi-layer perceptron(MLP) is applied as classifier to discriminate between cover and stego image. We test the performance of proposed scheme over various embedding rates by the LSB, SS, BSS embedding method. The proposed scheme outperforms the previous schemes in detection rate to existence of hidden message as well as exactness of discrimination.


The study aims to investigate the impact of a number of macroeconomic and bank-specific factors along with the most recent global factor, i.e., COVID-19 pandemic on the financial stability in GCC economies. The sample consists of 32 domestic conventional banks for the period spanning 2011 to 2020, generating a panel sample of 320 observations. An application of System GMM estimate provides a strong evidence of the effect of the pandemic on nonperforming loans (NPLs) in the short-run despite limited observations with only 1-year data. However, pandemic has relatively less significant impact in the long-run. As expected, both credit growth rate and inflation rate have significant negative impact on NPLs.


Dubai and other major cities in the Gulf region are widely known for their economic and social inequalities. Academic and media accounts have often contrasted the luxuries of the sheikhs with the poor conditions of construction workers. The focus has therefore been on Arab local elites and Asian migrants. Interestingly, despite the long historical presence of Britain as an imperial power, privileged Westerners seldom appear in accounts of Gulf societies. Described as expatriates, guests, or tourists, they are commonly seen – even by themselves – as external to the social order. Yet, whether as managers of companies or as employers of maids, Europeans and North Americans have also contributed to widespread injustice, argues Amélie Le Renard in her book, Western Privilege. The fortunate Westerners are a "group with vague, ill-defined borders" (p. 69), acknowledges Le Renard. Not all people from Europe are among them. One landlord who is quoted in the book refused to rent to Romanian and Russian women, for instance, suspecting them of prostitution. The lucky foreigners in the United Arab Emirates are those with passports of "hegemonic countries" (p. 17). While the author does not provide a comprehensive list of such states, she considers Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Italy, Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States as among them. However, the main Western country in her investigations is France. The sociologist primarily interviewed people from the francophone community and those connected to it. Appropriately then, the book first appeared in French (under the title Le privilège occidental: Travail, intimité et hiérarchies postcoloniales à Dubaï). French passport holders only make up a tiny fraction of the population of the United Arab Emirates: 25,000 out of 9 million in 2015. However, many of them enjoyed significant structural advantages in the job market. As a legacy


The basaltic rocks of Sooenica Hill near Targowica (Fore-Sudetic Block) belong to the Cenozoic Central European Volcanic Province. The volcanic succession at Sooenica is over 40 m thick and comprises pyroclastic fall deposits (mainly tuff breccias), subvolcanic intrusions (plug, dykes and other intrusive sheets) and aa-type lavas. Field relationships and structural data enable a detailed reconstruction of the vent location, morphology and eruptive history of the original volcano. Initial Hawaiian to Strombolian-type explosive eruptions produced a pyroclastic cone. Subsequently subvolcanic intrusions and lavas were emplaced. The lavas were fed from the central vent of the volcano, breached the cone and flowed southwards. Later eruptions resumed at a new vent on the western slopes of the main cone. The final volcanic edifice -- a breached Strombolian scoria cone with a lava flow and a parasitic cone -- was 500-1000 m in diameter at the base and 90-180 m high. The preserved SW sector of this volcano, where the pyroclastic deposits were protected from erosion by the surrounding plugs and lavas, corresponds to ca. 1/2 of the height and 1/8 of the volume of the original volcano. Compared with many other remnants of Cenozoic volcanic centres in Lower Silesia, this volcano is exceptionally well preserved and exposed.