Study on Rhetoric of Ci written by Zhan An-tai has introduced modern methods of rhetoric research, emphasized on the rhetorical purpose and effect,changed the narrative way of the Ci hua which was the traditional comments method and difficult to fully understand,and established the independence of Ci rhetoric. Rooted on the emotion's modification and vivid conversation,he combined the methods in the linguistics and literature research, tried to resolve the conflicts between formal representation and the emotion conversation,stressed the point that the disciplinary System of Ci poetry should include composition and the theory of Ci. The artistic style of Ci rhetoric has become an important branch of the modern academic study on Ci poetry.


The invention relates to a heating device (5) for inductive heating of a hydrocarbon reservoir (3) with a conductor means (6) which can be introduced at least partially in the hydrocarbon reservoir (3), said circuit means (6) a plurality of Filamentleitern (8, 9) comprising which are capacitively coupled with each of the Filamentleitern (8, 9) comprises a plurality of individual conductors (11) which are arranged in the axial direction (10) of the circuit means (6) one behind the other and in each case by means of a separating device (13) electrically from each other, are separated, wherein the separating means (13) has a length (l) in the axial direction (10) of the circuit means (6) wherein the length (l) greater than a maximum offset (a) between mutually corresponding individual conductors (11) of the filament conductor (8, 9) in the axial direction (10).


This paper proposes a new recognition technique for facial expression of a human image using Local Direction Number Pattern method. LBP is used to encode local neighborhood intensity by using center pixel as threshold. The problem in this method is it is sensitive to noise, which affects the accuracy of the image. The next version of LBP: Local Directional Pattern (LDiP), Local Derivative Pattern (LDeP). Both these methods treat all direction equally, due to this effect the bits in the code will flip which is very vulnerable to the biggest neighborhood.


For the wastewater treatment, an electron beam pilot plant for treating 1,000m3/day of wastewater from 60,000m/day of total dyeing wastewater was constructed and have been successfully operated . In addition to this pilot plant study, construction of commercial scale plant for treatment of dyeing wastewater is being done under TC project organized by IAEA together with E-B Tech. Co., Ltd., Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute(KAERI) and dye wastewater treatment station in Korea. On the other hand, several studies using radiation are being carried out in the field of treatment of polluted groundwater, advanced treatment of sewage, sterilization of discharged water from sewage treatment plants. Many researches on water and wastewater treatment using radiation will be carried out under support of long term basis nuclear R&D program by government.


The objective of this paper is to identify the determinants that hinder the continued growth of productivity in Spanish industry, when compared to Germany between 1993-2007. To this end, different methodologies based on the decomposition of gross value added have been applied. Results indicate that differences in industry structure do not totally justify the gap in productivity between both industries. It is more a problem of convergence speed of both production structures, rather than one of absence of changes. This study shows the need to implement strategic measures for boosting industrial sectors, particularly now when there is a resurgence of industrial policy.


For both manned and autonomous space on-orbit servicing missions, the collision avoidance and motion prediction of the target objects are essential for a safe mission operation. Our approach assumes unknown and uncooperative target objects (spacecraft, space debris) and a camera only vision system. The target's 3D structure is reconstructed from a sparse point cloud extracted from a rendezvous-SLAM algorithm and processed by a RANSAC algorithm. Afterwards the 3D model can be used in a feedback manner for enhancing visual navigation processing tasks. The paper details the general concept and presents experimental results with camera image data from a spacecraft rendezvous simulator testbed.


Disclosed is a common structure (1) and a method of manufacturing a plurality of vehicle widths (L) different, the structure comprising first and second structural portions (2a, 2b) between which is capable of being defined a deviation (E) adjustable according to a width (L) given the vehicle model to be produced, said first and second structural portions (2a, 2b) configured to receive modular elements (21) sized according to the deviation (E) configurable.


Recent studies in cognitive neurosciences have postulated a possible link between manual praxis such as tool-making and human languages. If confirmed, such a link opens significant avenues towards the study of the evolution of natural languages. Yet, archaeologists would need the development of a rigorous methodology to formalize language appearance. We propose a 'formal grammar of action' to help formalizing some early aspects of lithic chaînes opératoires, and simultaneously question the link with human cognitive abilities. The approach, based on the foundations of Chomsky's minimalist program and the grammar of action theory, focuses on the development of components and syntax suggested by some aspects of knapping during early phases and simple (Oldowan and early Acheulean) technologies. In this theoretical study, we rigorously analyse terminals and non-terminals (vocabulary), production rules and syntax (grammar) of idealized stone technologies and then provide possible productions (tools and handaxes). More specifically, issues related to platform preparation and cognitive strategies required during knapping are discussed. Formal grammars proposed here for interpreting knapping contribute to a greater systematization in classifying chaînes opératoires and in exploring complexity in lithic reduction sequences. As a central result, these grammars are theoretically able to rigorously demonstrate syntax presence and central recursion, thus helping us to study early linguistic abilities.


This PhD dissertation discusses three important topics in labor economics. It consists of three chapters that inquire into the integration of migrants and their socioeconomic outcomes in the host country market by relying on an empirical framework combined with economic theory. The first chapter explores whether naturalization leads to faster occupational assimilation for immigrants in the labor market in Germany. In particular, the empirical analysis in this paper investigates whether immigrants become occupationally more mobile after naturalization and if this leads to better jobs in the labor market. Instrumental variable estimation is exploited to control for the time-invariant and -variant unobserved individual characteristics. In order to do so, changes in German immigration law in the 1990s is used as an instrument for naturalization. The results show that naturalization is not associated with an immediate increase in occupational mobility. Instead, the years following naturalization are associated with higher occupational mobility, which implies that immigrants use naturalization in the German labor market to pursue better occupation match and faster occupational assimilation. The second chapter exploits the September 11 as an exogenous event to explore whether September 11 decreased the exit rate from unemployment of immigrants from Muslim countries in the UK labor market. The empirical analysis exploits discrete time duration models. The results show that the exit rate from unemployment to paid employment decreases after the September 11 terrorist attacks for immigrants from Muslim countries compared to UK-born white population with similar socioeconomic characteristics. Moreover, a significant increase in the unemployment spell is found for the first generation immigrants from Muslim countries while no impact is found on second generation immigrants. The last chapter addresses issues related to religious identity which have been questioned more intensively in recent years. The first part of the empirical analysis answers the question about the extent to which religious identity is transmitted from one generation to the next by using longitudinal data from Germany. In addition, the empirical analysis investigates how socio-economic characteristics influence the transmission of


Policy iteration techniques for multiple-server dispatching rely on the computation of value functions. In this context, we consider the M/G/1-FCFS queue endowed with an arbitrarily-designed cost function for the waiting times of the incoming jobs, and we study an undiscounted value function integrating the total cost surplus expected from each state relative to the steady-state costs. When coupled with random initial policies, this value function takes closed-form expressions for polynomial and exponential costs, or for piecewise compositions of the latter, thus hinting in the most general case at the derivation of interval bounds for the value function in the form of power series or trigonometric sums. The value function approximations induced by Taylor polynomial expansions of the cost function prove however to converge only for entire cost functions with low growth orders, and to diverge otherwise. A more suitable approach for assessing convergent interval bounds is found in the uniform approximation framework. Bernstein polynomials constitute straightforward, yet slowly convergent, cost function approximators over intervals. The best convergence rate in the sense of D. Jackson's theorem is achieved by more sophisticated polynomial solutions derived from trigonometric sums. This study is organized as a guide to implementing multiple-server dispatching policies, from the specification of cost functions towards the computation of interval bounds for the value functions and the implementation of the policy improvement step.


This design explores the analysis and implementation to a reconfigurable harmonic matching technique with Cascode Class-F Power Amplifier (PA) for IoT-enabled healthcare application. The special circuit efficiency and extended digital pre-distortion are taken to select for providing high efficiency and high linearity properties. A compact gallium nitride (GaN) Class F PA is developed as a proof of concept, using a reconfigurable harmonic network to demonstrate its broadband characteristics. A reconfigurable harmonic matching technique is utilized to enhance the gain up to 19.3 dB to the saturation power region. and improve the resonance band operation. The design verified maximum range of output power of 20 to 43dBm at 74.5% and power added efficiency (PAE) of 67.8%. The harmonic balance of fundamental & second balance is showed from −21dBc to − 16dBc. The simulations and calculations are verified.


Wind energy has come to stay as an important and a viable alternative source of energy. For securing maximum output of power using a given type of wind electric generator, an assessment of the wind resource available at any prospective site is essential. Wind data generated by meteorological services have their limitations, for accurate analysis, dedicated wind monitoring systems will have to be installed and their data made use of. Data from 220 such wind monitoring stations in India have been collected and analyzed and the salient features of the wind resource discussed. A mean annual wind speed (at 20 m above ground) of 18 kmph is considered as the minimum required for economic generation of electricity. With this criterion, only about half the area of the country comprising the southern and western regions have been found to possess adequate resources. The bulk of this wind resource is derived from the energy of the great southwest, monsoon system which blows over peninsular India from June to September. Daily and monthly variations in wind speed at typical locations are presented to bring out the highly seasonal behaviour of the wind resource. The significance of wind power density as an important parameter to judge the wind resource is brought out. The capacity factor which is the ratio of the actual power output to the rated output of a typical 250 kW machine has been worked out using the frequency distributions of hourly wind speeds at 80 stations and the results presented.


In 1905 the Dutch East Indies Government began implementing an Ethical Policy in Lampung. Of the three policies, the most visible traces in Lampung are the policy of population movement and irrigation development. This study aims to: (1) explain the history of the existence of the 1935 Argoguruh Dam in Tegineneg, Lampung. (2) analyzing the potential aspects of the 1935 Argoguruh Dam in Tegineneng, Lampung as a source of historical learning, especially local history. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with historical data collection methods and observation methods. The results show that (1) Argoguruh Dam 1935 is a river catchment building as part of an irrigation system that functions to irrigate agricultural land that has been moved from the densely populated island of Java to the still rare island of Sumatra its inhabitants (2) the potential aspects of the Argoguruh Dam 1935 as a source of historical learning include, (a) the contextual historical aspect, (b) the aspect of the building as a historical heritage, (c) the character values that can be developed in history learning .


Priceless: Competition case against Visa and MasterCard dismissed* The Competition Tribunal recently held that Visa and MasterCard's rules do not constitute resale price maintenance, because…


To investigate the tendency of air quality in recent years and to suggest the solution methods of air quality improvement, the trends of air quality was analyzed & discussed in terms of standard air pollutants and the problems with the methods of solution were discussed. The questions were asked to general citizen to understand the state of feeling air pollution and the administrative methods were suggested to improve air quality more effectively.


Since the reform and open policy in China,the urban community physical education has developed very quickly.It plays a leading role in the development of mass physical education.What's more,it has a great effect on the physical education in the suburban areas,playing the role as both radiation and demonstration.At the same time,in this(article) the author illustrates how the physical education will promote the cultural and ideological progress from both functional and value aspects of physical education,combining with the current changes and developments in the cities of China.


Objective To observe the effect and safety of low molecular hepatarin sodium in treating chronic pulmonary cardiopath.Methods Based on the routine treatment,30 cases patients were given low molecular hepatarin sodium 5000 U,hypodermic injection in abdomen,q12h,lasting 7~10days.Results After treatment 27 patients symptoms were improved obviously,total effective rate 90%,RBC packed cell volume decreased obviously,there's obvious difference before and after treatment(P0.01),side effects are slight,occurance rate 6.67%.Conclusion Low molecular hepatarin sodium is effective and safe.


Drymaria cordata (Linn.) Willd is a creeping herb belonging to the Caryophyllaceae family, widely used as a traditional medicine In Africa and North- east India for various ailments. Many therapeutic applications of D. cordata was reported in various scientific studies but the teratogenicity study of this herb was not documented till now. The present study was aimed to assess the developmental toxic effect and median lethal concentration (LC50) of methanol extract of Drymaria cordata leaf (DCME) using zebrafish embryos. After spawning of male and female zebrafish, healthy zebrafish embryos were selected by microscopic screening and transferred into 96 well plate for the study. Embryos were exposed to DCME at concentrations ranging from 50-400 µg/ml in 2% DMSO from 24 hpf to 72 hpf. Developmental and morphological abnormalities were microscopically evaluated. Fifty percent lethal concentration (LC50) of DCME was determined by observation from 24hpf to 72hpf. The concentration dependent toxic effects of DCME on developing embryos of zebrafish was found in the study upon time. At 72 hpf, the median lethal concentration (LC50) of DCME was found with visible developmental defects such as heartbeat rate, less pigmentation, oedema, spinal curvature, immature yolk sac as well as reduced hatching rate and slowdown of growth. The median lethal dose was found to be 448µg/ml at 72 hpf on zebra fish embryos meriting further studies on toxicological profiling of the plants.


At present we continue to study, at a new experimental and theoretical level, the atomic-molecular phenomena of crystallization and macroscopic processes of heat and mass transfer. The analysis originated by G I B B S , C U R I E , W U L F F , V O L M E R , K O S S E L , S T R A N S K I , K A I S H E V , F R E N K E L and Z E L ' D O V I C H was continued in the post-war period by the discovery of the dislocation mechanism of crystal growth, the stability and instability phenomena in growing interface, mechanisms of impurity capture and defect formation during crystallization [1]. Of all crystal growth problems (about 2000 annual publications) I should like to consider here the following:


Predisposition to NHL is associated with defects or alterations of the immunoregulatory system. In at least some cases, an infectious agent initiates a lympho proliferative response, which is sustained and amplified by chronic antigenic stimulation, leading ultimately to the selection of a malignant clone. An infectious agent has been specifically identified in only a few lymphoma types. Morrow1 presents a three-stage model of the pathogenesis of the African form of Burkitt's lymphoma, an undifferentiated neoplasm of B lymphocytes, which is the most common form of cancer in African children and which has a specific and unusual presentation and histo logic pattern. The African form of this disease arises fol lowing primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Those children who go on to develop Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) tend to develop high antibody titers to the virus. An EBV infection is known to produce high rates of prolifera tion among B lymphocytes and to lead to immortalization or continuous growth in culture. 2


The party who commits default in payment can be sued by a payee in the civil court by filing suit for recovery of money. However, the special provision of Section 138 under the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (hereinafter referred to as the NIA) was inserted with effect from 01.04.1989 vide the Banking Public Financial Institutions and Negotiable Instruments Laws (Amendment) Act, 1988.

The object of the NIA is to enhance the acceptability of the cheques in settlement of liabilities by making the drawer liable for penalties in case of bouncing of cheques due to insufficiency of funds in the accounts. That by virtue of the Amendment Act No. 20 of 2018 in the NIA, the legislature introduced.

Section 143-A and Section 148 providing for "Power to direct interim compensation" and "Power of Appellate Court to order payment pending appeal against conviction" respectively.


Significantly more young people who have learning disabilities suffer from mental health problems than the general population for this age group (Borthwick‐Duffy, 1994, Emerson & Hatton, 2007). However, for a number of reasons these mental health problems are not identified early. Tier one staff who support people with learning disabilities are often unaware of the need to promote positive mental health or where to go locally for more advice and support if they are concerned. The CANDLE resource aims to provide accessible material that can be used in a range of ways, across a number of services and settings, to support these young people with their mental health.


A micrometer head for measuring instrument comprising, guided in a radial slide of its housing, at least one inclined base measurement key having at least a maintained contact area supported by a return member in a conical spiral ramp a measuring cone, and wherein said measuring cone, whose base is guided in an axial cylindrical recess of the housing, is linked at least angularly to a drive trunnion micrometer screw measuring engages in a threaded member secured housing.


DL reasoners are complex pieces of software that work on even more complex input which makes manual verification difficult. A single ontology can have hundreds or thousands of classes and thus its classification involve an unsurveyable number of subsumption tests. We propose a new method for debugging classification across multiple reasoners which employs justifications generated from the set of entailments that reasoners disagree upon to determine the cause of the disagreement.


Guo, Lev, and Zhou (hereafter, GLZ) provide an interesting study of the relation between product-level disclosures and the proprietary costs of disclosure by examining a sample of 49 biotech initial public offerings (IPOs) with 265 unique products. One appealing feature of the study is that much of the analysis is conducted at the product level instead of at the more traditional firm level. Rather than using firmwide measures of disclosures such as Association of Investment Management and Research (AIMR) scores or annual report rankings, the authors measure the amount of disclosure for each product, thereby circumventing some of the difficult empirical issues associated with estimating firm-level proprietary cost measures. GLZ show that product-related disclosures are positively associated with (1) the existence of a patent or patent application, (2) the stage of development of the product, and (3) the presence of venture capital backing, and the disclosures are negatively associated with the level of retained ownership. GLZ also examine the relation between their disclosure score and measures of


Three‐dimensional numerical simulations of thermo‐chemical mantle convection with multiple phase transitions (olivine‐spinel‐perovskite‐post perovskite) are used to investigate the morphology of compositional and post‐perovskite (PPV) boundary structures above the core‐mantle boundary (CMB). Compositionally‐dense subducted MORB partially segregates above the CMB forming ridge‐like dense piles, morphologically similar to structures in previous spherical or Cartesian studies in which a dense layer was inserted a priori. An anti‐correlation is observed between regions where a thick post‐perovskite layer occurs and regions containing piles of dense material, as in our previous two‐dimensional study. Lateral variations in the thickness or occurrence of a PPV layer cause very strong seismic shear‐wave velocity anomalies which may dominate thermal or composition‐related seismic heterogeneity in the depth range where the variable PPV boundary occurs, and also generate sharp‐sided structures as observed seismologically. Both compositional and PPV effects may be necessary to simultaneously explain large‐scale heterogeneity and the global distribution of the discontinuity atop D″.


A new high-resolution temperature and strain sensor with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology was developed. The FBG sensor consists of a reference fiber grating and a grating pair scheme that could offer the potential of simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature for monitoring pavement structures. Experimental results showed that measurement errors of ±6 μϵ and ±0.13°C for strain and temperature could be achieved, respectively. Feasible applications of this sensor for monitoring pavement structures were investigated. The reliability and long-term stability tests for this sensor were examined by mounting it on the surface of two kinds of specimens, asphalt and concrete, and several temperature cycles with a designed working temperature range up to 110°C were applied for at least 24 h. An electronic thermocouple and a long-period optical fiber grating (LPG) sensor with similar function were used to compare the performance. Small root-mean-squared temperature variations (better than 1°C) and excell...


According to the existing data, iron is a very efficient solvent for nitrogen. In this work, the results of first steps toward crystallization of GaN from Fe‐based solutions at 1 GPa N2 pressure are reported. Melting of Fe at 0.88 GPa N2 pressure is studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA) which shows a strong (≈200 °C) decrease of melting temperature as compared to the well‐established value of 1570 °C for pure Fe at 0.88 GPa at inert atmosphere. The N content of about 11.9 at.% is found by ON836 LECO analyzer in the Fe samples after DTA. It means that the observed drop of Tm (Fe) is related to the high solubility of nitrogen in Fe metal. Also the dissolution of GaN in Fe in 1370–1480 °C temperature range is studied. Encouragingly high (22–30 at.%) solubilities of Ga (direct measurement) and most probably, as high for N (evaluated from mass balance) are found.


Microscopic computer models provide the opportunity to simulate vehicle and pedestrian behaviour under varying infrastructure conditions. Pre-crash and crash involvement risk at street, or even suburb level, can be explored and modified through various scenarios, such as: traffic calmed streets, pedestrian crossings, technology based infrastructure and other physical interventions. Models can simulate behavioural variation of both pedestrians and drivers by varying criteria such as: compliance levels (i.e. attitude to risk), headway distances, acceleration profiles, aggression, awareness and speed. These characteristics affect the outcomes of modelled existing and hypothetical scenarios and can be used to assess the potential crash risk at street level, for various states of behaviour of aggregated or disaggregated groups. Outcomes provide measures of road safety via proxies (or surrogate measures). The road safety risk for specific urban contexts should, therefore, be better predicted through an improved understanding of the interactions between infrastructure and vehicle and pedestrian behaviour. This paper outlines the road safety situation in South Africa and evaluates the use of micro-simulation software as a tool to analyse the road safety risk of various local infrastructure scenarios through vehicle and pedestrian interaction.


The involvement of the local people in conserve the roosts habitat of the Bat sacred flying fox, Pteropus giganteus at sacred landscape of Madhukaatu Kali sacred grove from Tamil Nadu was reported here for the first time. Totally 431 bats were recorded roosted on two giant trees namely Acacia leucophloea and Pogamia pinnata in front of the deity Kali. In this sacred landscape, Bats were devoted to the deity Kali, worshipped by the local people from the surrounding villages believing that Bats are serving as forest guard in protecting the grove. So hunting and poaching were strictly prohibited. Due to this, the sacred flying fox are conserved in nature. Furthermore, it needs an environmental awareness program for the local people to focus on the importance of sacred landscape for Biodiversity Conservation in sustainable manner.


This guide to the history of Western art combines a comprehensive essay, outlining the development of the discipline and its major movements, with more than 300 detailed entries, organized alphabetically from Abstract Expressionism to Zeitgeist, on the movements, terminology, writers, bibliography and philosophy significant to the development of art history. Extensive bibliographical information and cross-references are included.


Table of Contents Preface...Robert J. McMahon Preparation of avidin conjugates... Rosaria Haugland and Mahesh Bhalgat Coupling of antibodies with biotin...Rosaria Haugland and Wendy You Optimization of detection and quantification of proteins on membranes in very high and very low abundance using avidin and streptavidin...Sara R. Zwart and Brandon J. Lewis Use of the Avidin (Imino)biotin System as a general approach to affinity precipitation...Ruth Freitag and Frank Hilbrig Capturing biotinylated proteins and peptides by avidin functional affinity electrophoresis...Bao-Shiang Lee, Sangeeth Krishnanchettiar, Syed Salman Lateef, and Shalini Gupta Functionality Screening of Streptavidin Mutants by Non-Denaturing SDS-PAGE Using Biotin-4-Fluorescein...Nicolas Humbert and Thomas R. Ward Application of biotin-4-fluorescein in homogeneous fluorescence assays for avidin, streptavidin, and biotin or biotin derivatives...Andreas Ebner, Markus Marek, Karl Kaiser, Gerald Kada, Christoph D. Hahn, Bernd Lackner, and Hermann J. Gruber Quantitative recovery of biotinylated proteins from streptavidin-based affinity chromatography resins...Christoph Rosli, Jascha-N. Rybak, Dario Neri, and Giuliano Elia High yield production and purification of recombinant T7-tag-mature-streptavidin in glucose stressed E. coli...Nicolas Humbert, Peter Schurmann, Andrea Zocchi, Jean-Marc Neuhaus and Thomas R. Ward Endogenous biotin in rat brain: implications for false-positive resultswith avidin- and streptavidin-biotin techniques..Bruce E. McKay, Michael L. Molineux, and Ray W. Turner Pseudo-Immunolabelling with the Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex (ABC) due to the presence of Endogenous Biotin in the Retina...Willem Kamphuis and Jan Klooster Use of synthetic peptides for identifying biotinylation sites in human histones...Gabriela Camporeale, Yap Ching Chew, Alice Keuh, Gautam Sarath and Janos Zempleni Detection and quantitation of DNA methylation using a biotin/avidin microplate assay...Kirsten Liebert and Albert Jeltsch Anti-biotin antibodies offer superior organelle-specific labeling of mitochondria over avidin or streptavidin...Elisabeth D. Coene, Michael K. Shaw, and David J. Vaux Mammalian lectin as a tool in glycol- and histochemistry with relevance for diagnostic procedure...Karel Smetana, Jr. and Sabine Andre A multiplex approach to isotyping antigen-specific antibodies using biotinylated antigen/streptavidin-phycoerythrin... Anna Bogusiewicz


By comparing and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of probability calculation models for bridge crashed by vessels such as ASSHTO normative model,European normative model,KUNZ model and Huang-ping-ming straight waterway model often applied at home and abroad,this paper proposes three probability parameter integral path model and takes the influence of high water level fall in Three Gorge area into account at the same time.By practical observation of course of three cross-river bridges in Three Gorge area,the paper acquires the lateral distribution of course and angle distribution of deviation required by three probability parameter integral path model and makes example analysis by means of this model.


In a review based on literature searches animal welfare related characteristics in extreme breed types of small mammals, ornamental birds, reptiles and ornamental fish are summarized. Animal welfare aspects are assessed and measures for improvement are described.


Oil shows were first found in the south of the Siberian craton in the Thirties, and the first oil field (Markovo) was discovered in the Sixties. More than ten oil and gas fields have now been discovered in this region including two giants: Srednebotuobinsk and Verkhnechon. The section over a large part of the study area consists exclusively of Upper Cambrian and Ordovician rocks, and this limits reconstruction of the geologic history. The time span from Ordovician to Quaternary seems to be a blank. This study, however, supplies insights into activity for this time.


The working principle of RTM may be illustrated by the example of a combustion engine, very schematically delineated in Figure 1 by the piston ring, the cylinder wall, the cooling water jacket and the housing wall. Subject to wear measurement is the cylinder wall, which has been radioactive labelled in its critical zone around the upper dead point of the piston ring by thin layer activation at a cyclotron.


and a left bundle branch block. Did the task force consider, this value of the ECG in asymptomatic patients? The other issue that interested me was the approach to hepatitis B. The maneuver that was suggested was administration of hepatitis B vaccine. However, discussion of the antecedent step namely, screening for immunity and carrier state was omitted. Tests for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody are both important and expensive. Does the task force have specific recommendations for screening of specific populations, such as immigrants from Southeast Asia or Africa?


The interference of man in the primeval forest of BialowieZa (e. g. clear-cutting and reforesting fertile habitats with pine or spruce) brings about changes in carabid assemblages, including a reduction in the proportion of individuals of relict species, reduction in the mean individual biomass (MIB) and in the sum ofpositive characteristics (SPC; a summary indicator). Human impact in forest ecosystems causes losses of some relict species and a gain ofubiquitous species. Icom— pared the carabid faunas ofpristine forests to those ofvarious stages ofclear-cut originated succession. Clear-cutting caused a drastic decrease in MIB, a reduc-


1. Effects of single intra‐arterial injections (0.1‐1.0 μg) of angiotensin II have been observed on cat kidneys perfused with heparinized blood from heart—lung circuits.


In order to express movement of a protein as a rigid molecule in a two-molecule system, a translational vector and Eulerian angles (τ 1 , τ 2 , τ 3 ) were chosen as the six external variables (J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 53 (1984) 3269, referred to as paper I). Higo et al. claimed to detect a problem in paper I, and they presented their findings in paper II (J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 54 (1985) 4053). According to paper II, when the second Eulerian angle τ 2 =0 or π, three current rotation axes cease to be linearly independent. Therefore they were of the opinion that the singular point existing in the space of the Eulerian angles causes a difficulty. The present paper proves that paper I has no singular point in the energy space expressed in terms of Eulerian angles. Hence the original analysis in paper I is satisfactory.


In their recently published book Housing Markets & Planning Policy, authors Colin Jones and Craig Watkins discuss the intersection of housing markets and the role of planning in housing markets, focusing on the United Kingdom. The authors acknowledge that since both the planning policy environment and the operation of the housing market are complex, solutions need to be sophisticated. They argue that the planning system will never be able to effectively plan for the housing market in its current form and suggest that public policies should state priorities in a more honest fashion, providing a clearer sense of the desired outcomes. Planners need to have a detailed understanding of the way that local housing markets operate and how outcomes can be shaped by policy interventions. As the authors write, 'The techniques and competencies used in analysing housing markets at present are not fit for purpose' (p. 188). In Chapter one, the authors first argue that there are many geographically complex housing markets. Second, they present their contention that the planning system will never be able to effectively plan for the housing market in its current form. Third, they discuss their analytical approach and present local case studies, seen through an economics lens, in order to build an understanding of the workings of housing markets. These studies are discussed in the context of the intersection between public policy, planning, and housing market performance. Fourth, the aims and objectives of the book are presented. Fifth, the structure of the book is given. Chapter two is about the main housing and planning policy challenges in the United Kingdom. This chapter provides an in-depth analysis of affordability, based on discussions of demographics, housing markets, and spatial house price trends. The authors conclude that over the last decade the affordability of home ownership has deteriorated substantially, although to varying degrees across different regions in the United Kingdom. The authors then link the increase in demand to the shortage of supply and take a look at the economics of the home building industry, wondering whether the industry has the capacity to deliver a significant expansion in the volume of new building.


This paper proposes a new, stronger version of the cluster theory of proper names. It introduces a meta-identifying rule that can establish a cluster's main descriptions and explain how they must be satisfied in order to allow the application of a proper name. At the same time, it preserves some main insights of the causal-historical view. With the resulting rule we can not only give a more detailed reply to the counter-examples to descriptivism, but also explain the informative contents of proper names and why they are rigid designators in contrast with descriptions. 1 .


This article illustrates the author's research on several controversial problems regarding shell's movement direction and pumping work that appear in advanced mathematics course books and clarifies the concepts such as the geometric meaning of derivative,quality,gravity and proportion,and also reveals the idea and method of pumping work.


This paper will describe MOST characteristic equations which encompass both weak and strong inversion and, at the same time, both long and short channels.


A 3-year-old male patient reported with a left nasal mass found at birth. There were no underlying systemic diseases, congenital malformations, or history of nasal surgery. The nasal mass was between the columella and the left nasal vestibule (Figure 1). A radiologic assessment was not performed because the mass could be observed with the naked eye. The mass was excised at the base of its lesion and cauterized under general anesthesia. Pathological examination revealed a polypoid lesion with benign hair follicles, which was consistent with a hairy polyp (Figure 2). The patient has been regularly visiting the outpatient clinic and has not had a recurrence a year after surgery. A hairy polyp is a rare congenital tumor that contains ectoderm and mesoderm. Hairy polyps occur in newborns and infants, and there is usually a female predominance. The most common site for hairy polyps is the nasopharynx, but they can also arise from the soft palate, hard palate, Eustachian tube, middle ear cavity, and the tonsils. Depending on the size and location of hairy polyps, they may be complicated by disorders related to airway obstruction such as dyspnea and feeding difficulties. Magnetic resonance imaging is useful for assessing the origin of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal lesions; it may help delineate the degree of soft tissue extension. Histopathologically, a hairy polyp comprises tissues derived from mesoderm and ectoderm. Mesoderm is usually composed of fibroadipose tissue and cartilage, while ectoderm is composed of squamous epithelium with skin appendages such as hair follicles. Hence, the mass was named as a hairy polyp. Histopathologically, lesions to be distinguished from hairy polyps are teratomas, harmatomas, dermoid cysts, and choristomas. A teratoma is composed of all 3 germinal cell layers. A hamartoma is a type of benign tumor comprising normal mature cells that function normally but proliferate abnormally. A dermoid cyst contains squamous epithelium filled with Figure 1.Nasal endoscopy shows a nasal mass between the columella and the left nasal vestibule.


The models and theories of occupational therapy and occupational science to a great extent lack empirical support. We need an increased understanding of the construct of occupation and its predicting factors. The objectives of this study were to explore the construct of occupation in an ageing population, and to test the construct's relationships with underlying performance components and environmental influences. Applying a post hoc design to a comprehensive data set from a general population cohort, the Latent Variable Path Analysis with Partial Least Squares estimation procedure (LVPLS) was used for reiterative modelling, using a hypothesized model founded in the rehabilitation context as the starting point. A household and work-related occupation variable was verified, and an acceptable model established. The results indicate that the construct of occupation can be explored with the LVPLS method, but the construct is complex and can only partly be subjected to empirical testing with a quantitative approach. The results demonstrate the feasibility of establishing a model based on general population data, maintaining the main structures of a model founded in the rehabilitation context. Empirical studies of the factors predicting occupation are valuable in order to develop and strengthen our theoretical models and taxonomies. (Less)


Absract: Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) is widely used in traditional medicine and it has diuretic and spasmolytic effects on the ileum, trachea, and stomach smooth-muscle. However, a study the related effects of Rosemary on the myogenic activities of urinary bladder smooth-muscles has not been founded. The present study investigated the effects of Rosemary extract on the smooth-muscle contractility of isolated rat urinary bladder. Muscle strips were prepared from urinary bladder of male Sprague Dawley rats. Prepared muscle strips were placed in an isolated organ bath containing Krebs solution. The muscle strips were pre-contracted by inducing with Ach (10-4M) and KCl (60mM), and these values were considered to be reference values. The effects of the different doses (150, 300, 600 and 1200μg/mL) of Rosemary extract on ACh and KClinduced contractions were determined. It was determined that no different from references values of the contractions induced by ACh and KCl in the presence of Rosemary doses in bath (P>0.05). In the present study, the various doses of Rosemary extract had no effect on myogenic activity in rat urinary bladder smooth-muscle. It may be conceive that the use of Rosemary for different purposes does not result in an undesirable effect on the physiological activities of bladder smoothmuscle.


This paper proposes a novel method combining dark channel prior (DCP) and bright channel prior (BCP) for single image dehazing. The proposed method achieves airlight approximations by implementing numerical proximity of atmospheric light, which use the average value of the DCP and BCP. Meanwhile, in order to reduce computational time, a fast guided filtration method is used for the transmission map refinement. Experimental results on a variety of outdoor hazy images show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm.


Ensembles of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) has achieved qualitative predictions but they are computing and memory intensive. Therefore, the demand is growing to make them answer a heavy workload of requests with available computational resources. Unlike recent initiatives on inference servers and inference frameworks, which focus on the prediction of single DNNs, we propose a new software layer to serve with flexibility and efficiency ensembles of DNNs.Our inference system is designed with several technical innovations. First, we propose a novel procedure to found a good allocation matrix between devices (CPUs or GPUs) and DNN instances. It runs successively a worst-fit to allocate DNNs into the memory devices and a greedy algorithm to optimize allocation settings and speed up the ensemble. Second, we design the inference system based on multiple processes to run asynchronously: batching, prediction, and the combination rule with an efficient internal communication scheme to avoid overhead.Experiments show the flexibility and efficiency under extreme scenarios: It successes to serve an ensemble of 12 heavy DNNs into 4 GPUs and at the opposite, one single DNN multi-threaded into 16 GPUs. It also outperforms the simple baseline consisting of optimizing the batch size of DNNs by a speedup up to 2.7X on the image classification task.


Poultry industry generates large amounts of waste, which in the biological treatment process creates a number of problems. One of them is a high amount of fat and creatine which is hard to decompose. Composting process was carried out with the waste from poultry farms and abattoirs mixed with maize straw, which was used to improve the structure and to increase the amount of carbon in the substrate. The chemical composition of composts from poultry waste involving maize straw meets the minimum requirements for organic fertilizers. It seems that recycling of organic waste from the poultry industry should be the primary method of nutrient recovery for plants and organic matter contained in them, however on condition that the health safety is preserved.


A 20-month-old female Boxer dog presented significant increase on the bilateral volume of the maxillaries. The necropsy revealed that the kidneys were reduced in size, pale, with lobular aspect, and reduced cortical-medullar ratio. The maxillaries cutting surface revealed trabecular aspect of brownreddish color. In addition, the lesions observed by microscopy (asynchronic differentiation of nephrons, persistent mesenchyme, and atypical tubular epithelium) allowed establishing the diagnosis of renal dysplasia with secondary fibrous osteodystrophy.


Today's IT infrastructure, featuring a mobile workforce, IoT applications, digital transformations of the business, and the cloud, is evolving at a pace that's exceeding the capabilities of legacy security approaches. Network security has proven to be insufficient, lacking the visibility, control, and intelligence necessary to keep up with changing needs. SDN has become a topic of interest in academia and industry as well to fulfill the on demand aspects of the network related to real time network policy enforcement. This paper evolutes the current security status and what can be done to improve it. In this paper we proposed an SDN based security approach which highlights the features which are not available in traditional security approaches. We show how the proposed security architecture can be used to strength the overall security of today's network.


Spontaneous rupture of tendons is a rare condition and mostly it is associated with fluoroquinolones or steroid use. Here we present three interesting cases of tendon ruptures [two cases of achilis tendon rupture and one case of long head of biceps tendon rupture] and investigated their etiologic factors. All the ruptures occurred after minimal stress on the tendons few days after initiation of quinolone therapy, leading to our diagnose of quinolone induced ruptures. Here we highlight the literature review showing association between this class of drug and tendon rupture and its possible mechanism.


High-fat diets are associated with the development of hypertension. However, a high intake of monounsaturated fat has been proposed to be a dietary factor that can decrease the incidence of hypertension. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and vasopressin interact to regulate blood pressure at central and peripheral level. In this study, we investigated the effect of different degrees of dietary fatty acid saturation in the control of RAS and vasopressin on brain-blood. To improve our understanding of their interaction and their relationship, we analyzed angiotensin- and vasopressin-metabolizing activities in hypothalamus and plasma, collected from Wistar rats fed during 24 weeks with diets enriched with extra virgin olive oil (monounsaturated fat) or butter plus cholesterol (saturated fat) compared with a standard diet. As results no angiotensinase and vasopressinase activities were found in hypothalamus and plasma, however significant correlations between enzymatic activities in both regions were noticed. They indicated that our results do not support the beneficial influence of extra virgin olive oil on central and systemic level to regulate blood pressure. Therefore, the substrates hydrolyzed by these activities as well as their functions may be similarly affected and suggest that these studies should be continued because of beneficial of Mediterranean diet, found previously in different works, which may also be an effective tool in the treatment of hypertension.


We report the clarification of responsive mechanism of the BSA-protected small gold nanoclusters (Au16NCs@BSA) to silver(I) ions (Ag+). The titration of Au16NCs@BSA solutions with Ag+ produces a blue-shift and enhancement of the fluorescence spectra, but no similar effects can be observed for other metal ions. Meanwhile, an isosbestic point in UV–vis absorbance spectra of Au16NCs@BSA induced by Ag+ is observed, which indicates a stoichiometric conversion of one substance to another. Through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and MALDI-TOF mass spectrum measurements, the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0 by Au16NCs@BSA have been ascertained, where the Au16NCs act as reductant toward Ag+ in forming hybrid Au@AgNCs adducts. The mechanism revealed provided a facile and mild method to build high luminescent alloy nanoclusters.


When one is attempting to simulate the dynamic response of the vegetation over short timescales (days to as long as years), it is efficacious to ignore the change in the vertical and the horizontal structure of natural vegetation. At longer timescales, for example, the timescales associated with monitoring and predicting interannual variation in the vegetation, structural dynamics can strongly alter the process-based predictions of such features as ecosystem productivity. There are ecosystem models that have the capability of simulating structural change, and these models have been tested to some degree using large-scale remotely sensed information. This paper reviews types of ecological modeling approaches used for evaluations of terrestrial vegetation change at large-area and longer-than-annual timescale. It then provides examples of results from models that simulate structural change. Finally, examples of ecosystem dynamics that change with spatial scale are presented.


The waste water treatment of Dabou (Cote d'Ivoire), made of three oxydation ponds (B1, B2 and B3), is designed to ensure a biological treatment of domestic sewage and a valorization of the final effluent in aquaculture. In order to understand the ecological mechanisms and the performance of this system, a pluridisciplinary program was achieved in February 1989.


The paper presents the results of theoretical analysis and mathematical processing of experimental studies of the insulation state of individual elements of the same type of sections of 0.4 kV electric networks in underground workings conducted at the mining and processing mines at heights of workings up to 1000 m above sea level. The studies were carried out according to a single method in order to identify the effect of highlands on the insulation state of individual elements of 0.4 kV networks. It is recommended to complete scraper winches, fans and other mechanisms of high-altitude mines with organosilicon-insulated engines or with front coatings filled with top coat varnishes similar to excavator engines. A similar situation is noted with the launcher. More than 50 % of all the equipment of high-altitude mines have an active insulation resistance of less than 20 mOhm. A higher asymmetry of the total and active insulation resistance of launchers is noted. It is recommended to use silica gel to reduce air humidity inside the shells of the launcher...


. The educational controversies that Martin Eger discusses regarding moral education and the teaching of "creationism" arise from taking a single aspect of moral education and making it the whole, and from taking a single aspect of scientific work and assuming that it is the whole. The distinction between teaching science as application and teaching it as education is crucial in confronting these problems.


Leprosy is a chronic infectious granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, with a prevalence rate corresponded to 0.2/10000. Skin and peripheral nerves are mainly affected exhibiting spectrum of clinical and histopathological features based on the immunological status of the individual. The diagnosis is made from adequate clinical information combined with histopathology. The aim of study to asses the clinical and histopathological features and there correlation in diagnosing the cases of leprosy.A cross-sectional study of 2 years was conducted on 99 cases of skin biopsies histopathologically diagnosed with leprosy. Adequate clinical history was obtained and biopsies were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and modified Fite Faraco stain. A clinicopathological correlation was then attempted along with statistical analysis. Out of the total 99 leprosy cases, maximum cases (34.34%) belonged to third decade of life with Male to Female ratio of 1.75:1. About 58.59% of the total cases of leprosy showed decreased sensations and nerve thickening was seen in 79.80% cases. Clinically, 45.46% lesions were erythematous plaques. Borderline tuberculoid leprosy (31.68%) was the most frequently diagnosed subtype of leprosy. Evaluation of agreement and correlation between clinical and histopathological classification of leprosy showed an overall agreement of 57.57%. Correlation was more in stable poles i.e. TT tuberculoid pole (TT) and lepromatous pole (LL).  Leprosy is still a prevalent disease which raises the concern about therapeutic approaches and various health programmes.  It may not have a classical clinical picture always. Many factors contribute in clinicopathological discordance. Hence, diagnostic efficacy can be improved by clinic- histopathological corroboration which includes morphological examination of the skin lesion along with proper clinical history and correlation of these findings with histopathological examination findings.


Ab initio calculations using a small Gaussian basis set, including 3d orbitals on the sulphur atom, have been performed on the fluorosulphate radical and the related ions SO3F+ and SO3F−. A new SCF procedure is described and applied to the open shell cases discussed here. The results are compared with recent CNDO calculations and with the experimental transition energies of the radical.


Article contact fact of Hubei three agriculture problems,and analyze the important meaning of creating famous brand product of the agriculture to right solution Hubei three agriculture problems from three aspects of increasing the farmer Income and increasing the agriculture profit and village the society to progress.bring up the agriculture famous brand strategy is the solution three the important path of agriculture problems.


Silicone rubbers are introduced in terms of their chemical composition and physical properties, with a description of different types and the methods by which they are processed. Applications described include cables, insulating sleeving and tapes, while a later Section deals with the important and versatile cold-curing rubbers, which are widely used for potting and encapsulating purposes. Recent developments are then indicated, with special mention of rubbers with improved physical properties.


Different methods related to the modification of collagen membrane were discussed.The collagen membrane denatured by formaldehyde had high membrane flux and good water stability.An integrated immobilization was formed with the denatured collagen membrane treated by formaldehyde and gel particles of carrageenan to immobilize E.coli EP8-10 in this research.The recovery of the aspartate aminotransferase activity reached 91.3% by the integrated immobilization matrix,and which was still above 80% after the 20 batches of reactiong.


Thomas Richard Allinson (1858-1918) and Joseph Stenson Hooker (1853-1946) both obtained the licentiateship of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh in 1879 and were duly entered on the Medical Register, Hooker having qualified LSA two years previously. In their practice of medicine both came to favour "natural healing" and both came into conflict with the medical establishment. In 1892 Allinson, aged 34, was brought before the General Medical Council (GMC) and found guilty of "infamous conduct in a professional respect": his name was erased from the Register. In 1925 Hooker, aged 72, was found guilty of the same offence and was also struck off the Register. Neither man considered his actions in any way discreditable, but it is not surprising that doctors who supported natural healing, otherwise known as "nature cure" or "naturopathy", should fall foul of their professional brethren. Naturopathy, though it embraced many familiar and generally acceptable hygienic principles, differed radically from orthodox medicine in its concept of disease and the consequent requirements of therapy, notably in its condemnation of treatment with drugs. Its social and professional attitudes also differed substantially from those of medical orthodoxy.' In this paper, the careers of Allinson and Stenson Hooker will first be traced to illustrate the professional problems of registered practitioners who came to embrace heterodox views. Allinson rebelled against medical authority early in his career and seems to have followed the tradition of nineteenth-century health reform. Hooker developed his unorthodox views much later and, it will be argued, was one of a group of older doctors who were actively deviating from the direction being taken by "scientific medicine" as it entered the twentieth century. Members of this group rejected many of the basic concepts of orthodox medicine, such as the germ theory, and some subscribed to the whole package of beliefs characteristic of naturopathy. Like Allinson and Hooker, they too were liable to come into conflict with the GMC. Study of these deviant practitioners necessarily reveals some of the characteristics of the profession from which they were ejected, particularly how it defined its boundaries. The Medical Act of 1858 had required the GMC to maintain the Medical Register of appropriately qualified doctors: registration confirmed a practitioner's


Team formulation can provide opportunities for integrating interprofessional perspectives, leading to a rich consensus of how to support someone. Such an approach can be particularly important when working in complex environments, where it is essential that a range of professional perspectives inform a trans-professional approach to care. Youth Forensic Services are one such setting, supporting young people who face intersectional vulnerabilities and have often experienced multi-type traumas. A trauma-informed approach to team formulation facilitates a compassionate perspective to inform decision-making and care planning, encapsulating an understanding of how a young person's past experiences of trauma may be influencing how they interact with their environment and in relationships in the here-and-now. Additionally, some therapeutic modalities may feature more dominantly within trauma-informed formulation, which may reinforce a greater theoretical basis to the formulation process, offering further opportunities for tailored, evidence-based, person-centred care.


Geographic Information System is a system that can do data capture, storage, analysis, and display for certain area on the earth. So a complete GIS must possess four functions mentioned above essentially. GIS is playing more and more important role in the projects of environment and landscape planning because of its powerful function in spacial analysis of Geo-Information. As a powerful and flexible technology for decision-making, it is not only employed by the planning and management for environment and natural resources, but also adopted by many fields that are related to urban landscape design. But certain projects still can identified some shortcomings of GIS, it also lacks capabilities for analyzing and displaying qualitative aspects of the environment such as noise, energy balance, urban climate, etc.


ABSTRACT:This article tackles the subgenre of lost race tales embedded in both SF and Afrofuturism megatexts by juxtaposing Edgar Allan Poe's only published novel, The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket (1838), with Mat Johnson's Afrofuturist retelling of Poe's novel in Pym (2011), linked through the secondary character of Dirk Peters, whose ambiguous Native American heritage in Poe's novel is made over by Johnson into an unambiguous colored man. That is to say, Johnson re-envisions Dirk Peters, racially ambiguous in Poe's novel, as Native American and something White, as a White-passing colored man. This powerful intertextual moment—this transformation of skin color—forms the crux of my argument as Johnson interrogates the meaning of race in his satirical neo-slave narrative. To accomplish this Afrofuturist reckoning for Poe, I examine the deep past of a Blackness embedded in our national literature—marked by dislocation, trauma, and White supremacy—to move forward into a different future.


Objective To reduce the complication incidence after the operation of patients with femoral neck fracture.Method Choose twodifferent fasting times and observe the situation of complications after patients' operation.Results There were more complications postoperafive in patients with longer fasting time preoperative especially in elderly patients.Conclusion Patients with femoral neck fracture should avoid long term fasting and insure taking enough food in order to meet the alimentary tract's physiological needs and the normal demands of human.That will help to prevent or reduce the incidence of hypovolemi、hypoglycemia、emotional change and digestive ulcer caused by fasting.


National report — Skin disease is one of the main reasons for consultation in travelers returning from the tropics, according to Eric Caumes, M.D., professor of infectious diseases and dermatologist in the department of infectious and tropical diseases at Hospital Piti?-Salp?tri?re in Paris.


We prepared α-substituted carboxylic acids and ethyl esters and studied the effects of these compounds on the growth of lettuce seedlings. Compounds with shorter alkyl chains inhibited growth more than those with longer alkyl chains. α-Phenoxybutyric acid or its ethyl ester at 1 ppm caused as much inhibition as the corresponding unsubstituted acid and its ester at 1000 ppm. An electron-attracting Cl group introduced into the α-phenoxy group caused stronger inhibition than the electron-donating H or CH3 groups. α-Phenoxypropionic acid, α-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy)-butyric acid, α-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) valeric acid, and their ethyl esters might be useful as herbicides and α-(2, 4-dimethylphenoxy) stearic acid and α-phenoxystearic acid might be useful as growth-promoting substances.


This paper first designs an In-Wheel type motor for electric vehicle then analyzes the current waveform according to current phase angle. In the design process, first initial design was conducted using space harmonic analysis. Second, the parameters of the designed model was calculated using finite element analysis (FEA). Third, the calculated parameters are used as design factors for EL-map. Then the specifications of detail model is defined by analyzing EL-map. Finally, optimal design was performed using Response Surface Method (RSM). In the analysis process, FEA was performed for the optimal model. Current waveform according to current phase angles were analyzed. Distortions in the waveform were found and the cause was defined.


Since to the situation that the technical and economic evaluation system in the power terminal access network construction for smart grid was imperfect,this paper proposes the index set of technical and economic evaluation for power terminal access network from three aspects: cost of construction,benefit and cost-benefit ratio. By means of analytic hierarchy process( AHP) and entropy analysis in object assessment,each index weight in evaluation index set was determined. Then,the complete technical and economic evaluation system was constructed for power terminal access networks.


The majority of amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ) deposited in brain of individuals suffering from AD is Nterminally truncated and/or modified. Among these modifications, the cyclization of N-terminal glutamate into pyroglutamate (pE) is most abundant. Interestingly, two different inherited amyloidoses, Familial British and Familial Danish Dementia (FBD and FDD), are also characterized by the deposition of N-pEmodified amyloid peptides (ABri and ADan). Such coincidence of different pE-modified amyloid deposited in neurodegenerative disorders raises the question how N-terminal pE influences the characteristics of the different peptides.


The Precambrian to Cambrian strata at the southwestern margin of the Siberian Platform are ubiquitously characterized by a gradual transition from red-colored alluvial and deltaic deposits to shallow-marine carbonates, reflecting a transgressive infill of the accommodation space of the foreland basin. However, a supposed synchronicity of the Early Precambrian marine transgressive events calls for verification by geochronological and bio- and chemostratigraphic dating. The herein-presented data on small skeletal fossils, trace fossils and variations in the carbon isotope composition of carbonates from the mixed carbonate-terrigenous succession (Redkolesnaya and Ostrovnoy formations) in the southern Yenisei ridge show that the base of the Cambrian Fortunian stage is placed within the Redkolesnaya formation. Age distribution of detrital zircons in the studied succession suggests the Siberian craton to be a major source of the clastic material in the foreland basin during the development of the Redkolesnaya formation. An increase in the amount of zircons derived from "non-Siberian" sources, located at the southwestern periphery of the paleocontinent at that time, in the coeval strata of the northern part of the southern Yenisei ridge, indicates a complex morphology of the paleobasin and considerable differentiation among the sources of clastic material therein.


IT has been shown [Marks and Fox, 1933; Marks, 1934, 1] that catalases from certain marine animals, on standing in air, slowly lose their ability to decompose hydrogen peroxide. This inactivation was found to be caused primarily by oxygen and the reaction to be pseudo-unimolecular under the given experimental conditions. The question arose as to whether or not catalases from marine plants would likewise be inactivated.


Introduction: In childhood, bronchoobstruction is mostly caused by respiratory viral infections. The aim of this study was to find out possible changes in serum concentration of magnesium and calcium (participants in bronchoconstriction), and concentration of C-reactive protein (marker of inammation) in children with moderate and severe bronchoconstriction, caused by viral respiratory infections.
Materials and methods: The study included 32 children with acute bronchoconstriction caused by a viral respiratory infection. Inhalation of salbutamol was administered according to the severity of bronchoconstriction. Blood sampling was done on admission and the third day of salbutamol administration.
Results: Therapy with salbutamol led to a relief of dyspnea within 36 hours, and symptoms of viral infection have relieved. During follow-up period, magnesium concentration was higher in children with moderate (but not in severe) bronchoconstriction than in healthy children, with consequently higher magnesium to calcium ratio. Concentration of C-reactive protein decreased spontaneously by gradual disappearance of signs and symptoms of viral infection.
Conclusion: Determination of serum magnesium and calcium concentrations and determination of their ratio are not sufficient enough to follow-up on effects of therapy. Additional studies of ionized forms of magnesium and calcium, their intracellular content, as well as concentration in exhaled breath condensate are needed.


In two previous papers on the distribution of some nutrients and phytoplankters in the Tamar estuary, anomalies in the vertical profile of phosphate concentration have been demonstrated (Mommaerts, 1969a, b). In the top three metres the water column was stratified so that a dip of no more than 50 cm revealed a PO43- (calculated as phosphorus) variation that would normally be accompanied by a marked change in salinity. On the other hand, salinity determinations revealed no dilution at all. Such unexpected variations occurred two or three times in the layer studied. There was an excellent correlation between the PO43- and NO3- (calculated as nitrogen) concentrations on the one hand and between the silicate concentration and salinity on the other hand. Such a phenomenon could indicate either pollution or biological activity distributed along specific layers. The idea of pollution seemed to be most likely but, to fit the observations, the pollutant would have to match the salinity of the estuary at the precise spot where it enters.


The internal pressure strength of ?177.8?mm×12.65?mm BCSG is determined by conducting full size casing test.The failure process and causes are made clear through analysis on the failure morphology and mechanism of the casing with internal pressure.The strengthes of the coupling and pin in this casing are not equal because the coupling is weaker than the pin connection,so the casing should be selected based on coupling strength.


It is theoretically established that energy transfer in nonhomogeneous turbulence occurs in two distinct scale‐independent ''modes.'' The physical significance of these modes is examined. Further, evidence is presented that suggests the existence of a conservation principle that governs the transfer of energy between turbulence eddies of differing size. A possible algebraic form of such a principle is formulated.


Abstract Though a rich body of scholarship on the Somali conflicts has come to the surface, hitherto none has nuancedly analysed political memories that emerged out from traumatic experiences but was disseminated through informal oral discourses. Given the dearth of studies interrogating memory and political memory, the Somali context offers an ideal case study. The political trajectories of memory, myth and metaphor are inextricably interlinked after the armed conflicts. In contrast to existing scholarship on memory studies in general, which has tended to overlook oral informal discourses, this paper examines the ways in which the Somali case interacts and encounters with questions of memory and remembrance in everyday life. This is to shift the focus from the war leaders to their subjects and to underscore the agency of the ordinary people playing upon issues of clannism and clan politics. Drawing upon author's experiences and ongoing ethnographic research, complimented by a variety of visual primary sources, the paper provides theoretical framework and conceptual explanation to confront the problems posed to researchers on African conflicts by competing clan narratives easily (and, at times, unwittingly) entering into academia as recordings of real remembrances. By contending that memory can be stage-managed from the 'fragmented past' to such an extent that it in itself becomes a political instrument when embedded within political purposes, the paper complicates the conflicting, competing versions of remembrance and memory as well as the conditional tense of the contemporary political conflicts in Somali Diaspora communities. It is not only concerned with the merits of memory, but also with the myth and metaphor of clan narratives and discourses.


Author attempted to consider main forms of Russian studentship leisure at the end of XIX century at the beginning of XX century by the example of Moscow. He found out ones with highest priority and took into consideration specifi cs and infl uence of leisure on students consciousness and character.


In the present study, the calculations of the shell model based on large-scale unrestricted fp-model space have been conducted to study the low-lying energy levels and Gamow-Teller B(GT) transition strengths for the transitions (42Ca→42Sc, 42Sc→42Ti, 45Sc→45Ca, 45Ti→45Sc,45V→45Ti) lying in the fp-shell region. The calculations of the yrast levels and Gamow-Teller B(GT) transition strengths were compared with the related measured data. The low-lying energy levels were reasonably reproduced for the studied nuclei. The spin and parity of the unconfirmed energy levels for some studied nuclei have been confirmed. The calculated B(GT) transition strengths of Gamow-Teller (GT) for the selected isotopes lie in the fp-shell region agree very well with the measured data extracted from (3He, t), (3He, t)∗, (t,3He), (t, 3He+γ), and (p, n) reactions.


The stability of V16N1.5 was investigated by experiments and density functional calculations. Three synthetic approaches besides the classical reaction of vanadium with flowing ammonia were evaluated: (i) The ammonolysis of β-V2H, (ii) the reaction of vanadium and δ-VN at elevated temperatures in sealed ampoules, and (iii) the thermal decomposition of δ-VN in dynamic vacuum at high temperatures. However, none of them was suitable to provide single phase V16N1.5 yet. The results achieved by experiments and by simulations both indicate an absence of significant homogeneity range for V16N1.5. The high-temperature experiments suggest a strongly enhanced thermal stability for V16N1.5 than reported in literature, suggesting V16N1.5 to represent a thermodynamically stable compound rather than being metastable. Temperature dependent powder X-ray diffraction proves stability of V16N1.5 up to 700 °C. During a thermal analysis experiment in argon V16N1.5 was still observed after 24 h at 1300 °C. Consequently, first-principle calculations of the thermodynamic properties of V16N1.5 revealed an endothermal decomposition to V and β-V2N.


Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between oligopolymorphism in the 25th codon of leptin gene and obesity. Eighty-seven obese women and 75 healthy women were constituted obese and control groups. Body fat percent, fat mass and lean body mass were determined by bioimpedance meter and leptin levels were determined. The presence of 25th codon oligopolymorphism in the leptin gene was done by PCR-RFLP technique. Mean leptin levels were 38.5 ± 22.0 ng/ml, and 147.9 ± 44.8 ng/ml in the control and obese groups, respectively. The correlations of serum leptin level to body fat percentage and fat mass in the control group were significant. The correlations in the obese group were not significant. This data implies that the difference of leptin levels between control and obese groups are more likely to be associated with alterations in the leptin gene other than 25th codon or alterations in the leptin receptor gene.


Internet has become an integral part of our life,and it is important to have routing protocols that are effective and stable.IS-IS is a major interior gateway protocol which is applied in some large networks widely.We researched the IS-IS interoperability testing,and established a layered IS-IS protocol interoperability testing interactive model based on the Extended Petri Net.Then we analyzed the Petri net model by using the reachability graph.According to test purpose and generated test sequences,we programed test cases and took some necessary test cases manually as a complement of the test set.Finally,we built the test platform for interoperability testing,and analyzed the test results.


THE purpose of this paper is to state briefly the causes that, in my opinion, have led to an increase in the cost of sickness, to review the various attempts that have been made to meet it, and to suggest certain lines of approach that might lead to a solution of the problem. The present high cost of sickness had its beginning in the latter part of the last century, and is due almost entirely to the rapid advances of medical science and the general acceptance of the community hospital instead of the home as the best place for the . . .


We conducted a systematic replication of Cannella-Malone et al. by comparing the effects of video prompting to video modeling for teaching seven students with severe disabilities to do laundry and wash dishes. The video prompting and video modeling procedures were counterbalanced across tasks and participants and compared in an alternating treatments design within a multiple probe across participants design. For six participants, video prompting was more effective than video modeling, which was generally ineffective. For one participant, neither video modeling nor video prompting was effective, but in vivo instruction led to skill acquisition. One participant who was deaf was also able to learn both skills using video prompting, even though he could not hear the voice-over instructions. These data suggest that the duration of the video may influence its effectiveness as a teaching tool and that the voice-over instructions may not be necessary.


Cycloaddition of cycloheptatriene to maleic anhydride was re-examined and found to produce, in addition to the reported main product anti-tricyclo[3.2.2.02,4]non-6-endo-8,endo-9-dicarboxylic anhydride (1), the exo, exo isomer of this compound (4) and bicyclo[3.2.2]nona-2,6-diene-endo-8,endo-9-dicarboxylic anhydride (5). Evidence for these structures involving the orientation of the cyclopropane ring in 1 and 4 and the configuration of the carboxylic anhydride was provided by PMR spectroscopy using the intramolecular nuclear Overhauser effect and paramagnetic induced shift due to tris(dipivalomethanato)europium(III). The structure assignment by Alder and Jacobs for 1 was found to be correct, but not the one by Schenk et al The difference in free energies of activation leading to 1 and 4 was determined.


The potential of high-variability phonetic training (HVPT) to help FL learners improve their pronunciation is well documented. However, research exploring learners' perceptions of the approach adopted after having experienced training is scarce. Likewise, the choice of labels adopted for training is not self-evident and has not been studied empirically. This study investigates EFL learners' perceptions towards HVPT and the use of phonetic symbols vs keywords as labels for perceptual training. Seventy-one EFL learners followed four HVPT sessions using two types of labels (symbols and keywords). The results of Likert-type items and open questions in a questionnaire completed after training suggest that learners considered HVPT useful and that they would be willing to adopt it as part of their routine. The participants' perceptions were positive towards both labels, although the group trained with symbols generally showed more positive attitudes towards training and were willing to continue using it more often.


Models based on the diffusive-advective equations are valuable tools for forecasting of contamination levels downstream from spill points. These models require field parameters for validation. The longitudinal dispersion coefficient E L , which translates the transport potential of dilute pollutant is amongst the most important parameters. Based on field techniques using saline and fluorescent tracers, this study determined the E L in three streams intercepted by highway BR-050, all located in the Paranaiba River Basin. The discrepancy ratios ( Rd ) of some experimental methods and equations reported in the literature were analyzed and compared with the standard routing procedure. Comparing the results of the Moment (statistical), the Chatwin, the peak concentration and the crown concentration methods, the lowest discrepancy ratios were obtained for the latter two methods. Ribeiro, Silva, Soares, and Guedes (2010) also showed that the peak concentration and the crown concentration methods produce the lowest discrepancy ratios. The analysis of contamination scenarios clearly illustrates the direct relationship between pollutant transport capacity and water discharges in natural watercourses.


Shoshone Spring by Taylor et al. (1988). Shoshone Spring is at the northern-most head of the pluvial Amargosa River in the Death Valley system. It is tributary to the Amargosa River approximately 21 km N (upstream) of Tecopa, Inyo Co., California. The elevation of Shoshone Spring is 518 m, dropping to approximately 487 m at the outflow creek. Elevation of Tecopa Bore is approximately 390 m, an elevational drop of approximately 128 m. The elevation of the Amargosa River decreases significantly as it enters and flows through the Amargosa Canyon south of Tecopa. During periods of heavy rainfall and flash flooding, the area may briefly have fastmoving water flowing downstream throughout the entire system. During his 1939 visit to Shoshone and Tecopa, Miller (1948) found no water in the Amargosa River at Shoshone and found two permanent flows occurring in the lower Amargosa River. One began shortly above Tecopa and continued through the Amargosa Canyon about 11 km to Sperry. The other flow was round in Death Valley, northwest of Saratoga Springs and approximately 32 km downstream from Sperry. Taylor et al. (1988) found water in the Amargosa River at Shoshone, although approximately 11 km of the 21 km of streambed be w en Shoshone and tecopa were dry. In a meristic analysis, Taylor et al. (1988) concluded that the rediscovered population at Shoshone most closely resembled C. n. shoshone as described by Miller (1948). The Shoshone population resembled C. n. shoshone and differed from the Tecopa popultion by having lower mean numbers of pelvic, dorsal, and caudal fin rays (Taylor et al., 1988). In this paper we present a morphometric analysis as a supplement to the meristic data reported by Taylor et al. (1988) for C. n. shoshone. We compare the results with similar data for C. n. amargosae from Tecopa Bore. We also compare our results for the two subspecies with those presented by Miller (1948). Sixty specimens from both Shoshone and Tecopa Bore were collected with seines, traps, and dipnets on 31 July 1986 (Taylor et al., 1988). All specimens were cataloged (catalog numbers F-1957; F-1959) at the Marjorie Barrick Museum of Natural History, University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Following Miller (1948), each specimen was characterized for head width, body width, caudal peduncle length, depressed dorsal fin length, depressed anal fin length, pelvic-fin length, and snout length. The Shoshone population differed from the Tecopa population by having smaller means for head width, body width, and pelvic fin length in


In today's internet based application environment digitization is growing very rapidly, with that it is very difficult to secure your own digital assets because all the data on the internet is available everywhere with free of cost and anybody can steal your data and claim its ownership. In current digital scenario not only images, video, and audio are in digital form, but relational databases are also digitized and used as a service in the applications, including finance databases, multimedia databases, personnel databases etc. various digital watermarking techniques have been proposed for dealing with security, authentication ownership protection and piracy control of digital contents. Most of literature available in this field is focused on images, audio, video etc. However, with the demand of time database is now required some security solution as it is being transact on the web. Embedding Digital Watermarking in relational database without losing the integrity is very difficult because databases have very little redundancy as compared with multimedia data due to that this field not gets much attention previously. In this paper we survey already proposed database watermarking techniques with certain constraints and analyze their strengths and weaknesses.


The characteristics of underwater nodes, the harshness of the underwater environment, and the openness of the deployment area make underwater sensor networks vulnerable to various network attacks; in order to defend against potential threats and attacks, intrusion detection, as an active defense technology, can detect different attacks before they occur; currently, the technology is less used in underwater sensor networks and has a low detection rate for some types of attacks and cannot effectively detect the problem of multiple attack types. To address this problem, this paper proposes an intrusion detection model for underwater sensor networks for multiple types of attacks. Firstly, cluster head nodes use neighborhood rough sets for feature extraction, and the reduced dimensional data is transmitted to sink nodes to reduce the node computation. Further, the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) is used to balance the data set, increase the number of minority class samples, and improve the detection rate of minority class attacks. Finally, determine whether a node is trusted according to the trust value of the cluster head node, and train the classifier using the random forest algorithm to detect the type of attack; it suffers to achieve intrusion detection of multiple types of attacks. Simulation results show that the model can not only improve the performance of intrusion detection of multitype attacks but also achieve an accuracy of over 99% for the detection of imbalance classes.


Abstract We discuss ℓp-maximal regularity of power-bounded operators and relate the discrete to the continuous time problem for analytic semigroups. We give a complete characterization of operators with ℓ1 and $\ell _{\infty }$-maximal regularity. We also introduce an unconditional form of Ritt's condition for power-bounded operators, which plays the role of the existence of an $H^{\infty }$-calculus, and give a complete characterization of this condition in the case of Banach spaces which are L1-spaces, C(K)-spaces or Hilbert spaces.


Context. Direct imaging of extrasolar giant planets demands the highest possible contrasts (ΔH ≳ 10 mag) at the smallest angular separations (∼0.1″) from the star. We present an adaptive optics observing method, called star-hopping, recently offered as standard queue observing (service mode) for the SPHERE instrument at the VLT. The method uses reference difference imaging (RDI) but, unlike earlier RDI applications, images of a reference star for PSF subtraction are obtained within minutes of observing the target star.
Aims. We aim to significantly gain in contrast beyond the conventional angular differencing imaging (ADI) method to search for a fifth planet at separations less than 10 au, interior to the four giant planets of the HR 8799 system. The most likely semimajor axes allowed for this hypothetical planet, which were estimated via dynamical simulations in earlier works, were 7.5 au and 9.7 au within a mass range of 1–8 MJup.
Methods. We obtained 4.5 h of simultaneous low-resolution integral field spectroscopy (R ∼ 30, Y − H band with IFS) and dual-band imaging (K1 and K2 bands with IRDIS) of the HR 8799 system, interspersed with observations of a reference star. The reference star was observed for about one-third of the total time and generally needs to be of similar brightness (ΔR ≲ 1 mag) and separated on sky by ≲1–2°. The hops between stars were made every 6–10 min, with only 1 min gaps in on-sky integration per hop.
Results. We did not detect the hypothetical fifth planet at the most plausible separations, 7.5 and 9.7 au, down to mass limits of 3.6 MJup and 2.8 MJup, respectively, but attained an unprecedented contrast limit of 11.2 magnitudes at 0.1″. We detected all four planets with high signal-to-noise ratios. The YJH spectra for planets c, d were detected with redder H-band spectral slopes than found in earlier studies. As noted in previous works, the planet spectra are matched very closely by some red field dwarfs. Finally, comparing the current locations of the planets to orbital solutions, we found that planets e and c are most consistent with coplanar and resonant orbits. We also demonstrated that with star-hopping RDI, the contrast improvement at 0.1″ separation can be up to 2 mag.
Conclusions. Since ADI, meridian transit and the concomitant sky rotation are not needed, the time of observation can be chosen from within a window that is two to three times larger. In general, star-hopping can be used for stars fainter than R = 4 magnitudes, since for these a reference star of suitable brightness and separation is usually available.


If one accepts, as a definition of the term emergency, a condition of the eye which is likely to benefit from immediate treatment and of which the prognosis is made' considerably worse by delay in treatment, then under the heading of emergencies one adds to the list of injuries detailed above the conditions of acute glaucoma, corneal ulceration, and embolism of the central artery of the retina. It is admittedly true that any disease or disorder demands treatment as soon as possible, and this, in the realm of ophthalmology, is more than ever true of detachment of the retina; but on account of the fact that a delay of a day or two actually makes very little difference in prognosis, and also because pf the magnitude of the subject, now that operative treatment is so well (and justly) established, this condition will not receive attention in this communication.


Information about ATMP - SOP Testing of Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) Using the Germicidal Spray Products as Disinfectants Test - MB-24-03


In this work we give an alterative proof of one of basic properties of zonal polynomials and generalised it for Jack polynomials.


Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemical species comprising both free radicals such as superoxide and non-radicals such as hydrogen peroxide. When the normal balance between ROS generation and antioxidant systems is perturbed, a state of oxidative stress is said to exist, which has traditionally been considered deleterious due to …


Using the group theoretic method of spectrum generating algebras a class of differential equations is obtained whose eigenvalues are calculated without explicitly solving the equations. Solutions can be easily obtained by group theoretic methods for a certain type of potentials.


A new approach to maximum likelihood learning of discrete graphical models and RBM in particular is introduced. Our method, Perturb and Descend (PD) is inspired by two ideas (I) perturb and MAP method for sampling (II) learning by Contrastive Divergence minimization. In contrast to perturb and MAP, PD leverages training data to learn the models that do not allow efficient MAP estimation. During the learning, to produce a sample from the current model, we start from a training data and descend in the energy landscape of the "perturbed model", for a fixed number of steps, or until a local optima is reached. For RBM, this involves linear calculations and thresholding which can be very fast. Furthermore we show that the amount of perturbation is closely related to the temperature parameter and it can regularize the model by producing robust features resulting in sparse hidden layer activation.


Death is not the end in Imamura Shohei's bleak tale of a village community's struggle for survival, just another stage in the cycle of life.


Software Configuration Management and software reuse are now generally considered to be important technologies in software engineering. Both have been proposed for making a significant improvement in productivity and quality. However, these two technologies have been investigated separately. In order to make Software Configuration Management and reuse more effective, both approaches require to be introduced into a development or maintenance environment together. The authors have developed a process model for Maintenance with Reuse (MwR) to support Software Configuration Management for a reuse library within a maintenance environment. As software reuse and Software Configuration Management as well as software reuse and software maintenance have many similarities in their activities, and these areas can therefore be integrated within a software maintenance environment. An integrated approach to the common areas of these different activities will greatly contribute to the productivity and quality of software. This paper will address an integrated approach that can overcome some of the barriers that exist in software maintenance and reuse. A process model of an integrated approach has been created and validated using Process Weaver. In order for the reuse library to allow accesses from many potential reusers, the process model has been implemented on the WWW. The paper describes an integrated process model and its prototype to support change and version control for evolution of software components within both a reuse library and a legacy system.


A survey developed by a task force composed of the Nebraska Council of School Administrators and the Nebraska Association of School Boards was completed by 226 school superintendents, mostly from rural districts. The respondents reported that 801 administrators were employed in their districts and supplied estimates of retiring administrators. An overall retirement rate of 60.9 percent within 10 years was calculated. The positions with the largest number of vacancies within the past 5 years were, in order, senior high school principals, elementary school principals, central-office administrators, and assistant senior high school principals. This study supplies information about the number of position vacancies, qualifications for such vacancies, and improving the supply and quality of administrators. Superintendents reported a mean of 7.7 years employment as superintendents, and a mean of 7.3 years remaining before retirement. (DFR) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.


Background: The notch of Harty is a normal variant radiologically and incidentally diagnosed finding but can be mistaken as pathology. Objective: To identify the incidence and characteristic findings of the notch of Harty.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 121 patients referred to the Radiology department, MRI unit, to undergo ankle MRI through a one-year period (January to December 2020). Cases with significant ankle lesions were excluded. All MRI studies were performed on 1.5 T MR scanners (Aera, Siemens, Arlington).Results: The notch of Harty was present in 35.5% patients; their age ranged from 5-83 years with a mean age of 38.20 years. The average width of the notch was 5.65mm while the mean depth was 1.04 mm. There was no significant correlation between the presence of the notch of Harty and findings such as rheumatic arthritis, minor trauma, chondral thinning. However, there was significant correlation between the presence of the notch of Harty and subjacent subchondral sclerosis. Conclusion: The notch of Harty was present among a considerable number of cases with no sex predominance. The notch might be misinterpreted by radiologists as true osteochondral lesions, thus, familiarity with location and appearance of these pseudodefects will avoid their misinterpretation. Keywords: The notch of Harty, pseudodefects, MRI, tibial plafond, osteochondral lesions


In this paper, we study the distribu- tion of images from a point source in N - point gravi- tational lenses. It is well known that in a Schwarzschild lens (N = 1) from a point source, there are always two images. Moreover, one of them is always inside the Einstein ring, and the second outside it. It follows that: a) the image plane is divided into two areas; b) in each area there is always only one image; c) the source plane, with the exception of the caustic point (origin), is uniquely mapped onto each of the two areas of the image plane. In our study, we describe an algorithm that allows us to determine the single-valued regions in a 2-point gravitational lens and demonstrate it using an exam- ple of a binary symmetric lens in which the distance between the point masses is 1. We have shown that in this case the full prototype of the caustic divides the image plane into eight simply connected areas that have the following properties: a) if the point source is inside the caustic, then it has five images in five (internal) areas; b) if the point source is outside the caustic, then it has three images in three (external) areas; c) in each area there can be no more than one image; d) if the image of a point source is located in one of the five internal areas, then the remaining four also have images, while none of the three external areas have images of the source; e) if the image of the source is located in one of the three external areas, then its images also exist in the remaining two, while none of the five internal areas contains a prototype of this source; f) a caustic is a continuous, piecewise smooth, closed Jordan curve that has a finite number of singular points; each smooth, open part of the caustic, the ends of which are singular points (the caustic arc) has four inverse images, of which only one belongs to the critical set, the caustic arcs are positively oriented (when going around, the interior of the caustic remains to the left; g) the boundaries of the regions consist of arcs (closure of the image of arcs) with a hereditary orien- tation; all eight regions are divided into the following two classes: four regions in which the orientation of the boundary coincides with the orientation on the caustic and four regions in which the orientation of the bound- ary is opposite to the orientation on the caustic.