The effects of TA-064 (TA) on "fast" and "slow" response action potentials and contractile tensions were studied in isolated guinea pig papillary muscles, and the findings were compared with those of isoproterenol (ISP) and ouabain. The results are as follows: (a) TA produced a dose-dependent (10-7-10-5 M) increase in developed tension, with no significant changes in the resting membrane potential (RMP), action potential duration (APD), and maximum rate of rise of action potential (Vmax). (b) The concentrations required to increase the developed tension by threefold ("equivalent concentration") were 10-6 M with both TA and ouabain, while that of ISP was 5 × 10-8 M. (c) TA increased the maximum rate of rise, dP/dtmax, and the maximum rate of fall, dR/dtmax of the developed tension to the same extent, unlike those of ISP and ouabain. (d) Positive isotropic effects of TA (10−7-10−5 M) were not completely abolished by atenolol (3.8 × 10-5 M), a specific β1 blocker, whereas those of ISP were completely abolished. (e) The increasing effects of "equivalent concentration" of TA (10−6 M) on the Vmax of the slow response were less than those of ISP (5 × 10−8 M). These results suggest that the positive inotropic effects of TA are mainly due to stimulation of β1 adrenoceptors, but that the mode of action of the drug differs in several respects from that of ISP or ouabain.


Objective To investigate the effects of activation of autophagy on cerebral injury after cardiopulmonmy resuscitation (CPR) in Wistar rats.Methods At first 36 healthy adult male Wistar rats were induced to suffer ventricular fibrillation (VF) by an external transthoracic alternating electricity current shock for 7 minutes and then received CPR.Before VF (0) and at 1 h,2 h,4 h,8 h and 12 hours after the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) from VF,cerebral cortex were harvested to determine the protein levels of beclin-1 and LC3 Ⅱ by Weston blot.Thereafter,another 60 healthy adult male Wistar rats were divided into autophagy activator rapamycine group (Rapamycine group,n =20)、autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine group (3-MA group,n =20) and normal saline group (control group,n =20) to observe the effects of autophagy activator on the levels of beclin-1,LC3 Ⅱ and the formation of autophagic vacuole and LC3 dots in the cerebral cortex after ROSC.The neurologic deficit score (NDS) was used to evaluate the neurologic function at 24 h,48 h and 72 h respectively after ROSC.The numbers of viable neurons and apoptotic neurons in the parietal cortex were counted by HE staining and TUNEL staining after 72 h.Oneway ANOVA was used for the levels of beclin-1,LC3 Ⅱ and neurons counting.Rank sum test was used for NDS.Results The levels of beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ were significantly lower at 2h and 4 h after ROSC than those before VF (P < 0.05).The levels of beclin-1 and the conversion of LC3-Ⅱ in cerebral cortex at 2 and 4 h after ROSC in the Rapamycine group were significantly higher than those in control group and 3-MA group (P < 0.05).The numbers of autophagic vacuole in the Rapamycine group at 2 and 4 h after ROSC were significantly higher than those in control group and 3-MA group.The number of viable neurons at 72 h after ROSC in the Rapamycine group was (19 ± 5/400) pixs,(16-± 4/400) pixs and was higher than (16 ±4/400) pixs in control group and (15 ±3/400) pixs in 3-MA group (P <0.05).The number of the TUNEL positive cells in the Rapamycine group was (12-± 4/400) pixs and was lower than (15 ± 6/400)pixs in the control group and (17 ± 5/400) pixs in 3-MA group (P < 0.05).The NDS scores of animals in control group and 3-MA group at 24,48 and 72 h after ROSC were lower than those in Rapamycine group.Conclusions The levels of beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ in the cerebral cortex neurons were attenuated in Wistar rats after ROSC.The promotion of beclinq and LC3-Ⅱ levels by rapamycine can decrease the number of apoptotic neurons,preserve viable neurons and improve neurologic function.

Key words:
Ventricular fibrillation ;  Cardiopulmonary resuscitation ;  cerebral injury ;  Autophagy; Rapamycine;  3-Methyladenine;  beclin-1;  LC3-Ⅱ


The addition of aldimine anions to styrene occurs upon the treatment of N-tert-butyl aldimine with LDA followed by the addition of styrene to give the corresponding aldehyde after hydrolysis. Cyclohexenyl amines are generated when the reactions are performed with unsaturated aldimines. This approach affords 4-phenyl substituted butanals and cyclohexenyl amines in a simple and inexpensive way.


The ability to include logical conditions within Integer Programming IP models has many applications in OR/MS. Although the modeling of logical conditions in IP is simple in principle, in actual practice the exercise can be quite painstaking and prone to error. To become adept therefore it is necessary for practitioners to be well drilled. This paper presents the puzzles of Raymond Smullyan as a rich source of examples for the instructor that offer all the pedagogical features of more conventional text book examples but with added flavors of whimsy and caprice.


The present study aims to investigate the role of m ental toughness in acquisition and retention of a s ports skill. The participants consisted of male undergraduate studen ts (n=26, Age=20.80±1.87) who had no experience of basketball training. The subjects were homogenized into two groups of low and high mental toughness ba sed on the scores they obtained on Mental Toughness Questionna ire-48 (MTQ-48) and their pretest scores of basketb all passing skill (n1=n2=13). Participants practiced basketball passing ski ll with verbal feedback in 15 sessions held every alternate day. The retention test was adminis tered one week after the last training session. Dur ing the retention test, participants did not receive any au gmented feedback on how to do the assigned task. Re peated measures and one-way ANOVA were run to analyze the data. The level of significance was set at α=0.05 in all statistical tests. The results showed that participants in two groups had a significant progress in ac quisition the basketball passing task. However, the subjects with high mental toughness outperformed the low-mental- toughness subjects in both acquisition and retention. The pre sent findings suggest that mental toughness, as a p ersonal factor, may play a crucial role in acquisition and retentio n of skills.


A field experiment to consider the effects of sulphate of ammonia and calcium nitrate at two levels of potash showed that there was little difference between the two forms of applied N in regard to percentage and yield of crude protein. High potash tended to depress both values, where calcium nitrate was the form of N applied.

Calcium nitrate generally gave higher nitrate-N percentages in the herbage, especially at the lower percentage crude protein values; levels of applied N and season also affect nitrate-N percentage in herbage.


In this paper, a new technique is introduced for finding direction of arrival (DoA) of an incident signal based on the nullforming and steering theory. On the contrary to the operation of beamforming, the proposed method creates a deep and precise null that is then steered toward all the possible directions to estimate the minimum power that indicates the direction of the incident signal. Additionally, this new method can outperform conventional beamforming as the resulted null is much narrower than conventional beams. The proposed null-forming and steering theory has been proven successfully by both analytical and simulation validation using MATLAB Simulink model and an integrated software defined radio USRP N200.


Without enough attention to what may have been alienating to an eighteenthcentury audience, Schechter's argument requires further exploration. Nonetheless, his study of these important theatrical figures through the lens of Brecht offers a fresh, critical engagement that indicates how the political spirit enlivening the dramas of Dario Fo, Vaclav Havel, David Hare, and Caryl Churchill could find its antecedent in the eighteenth century. The book offers twenty-four chapters, some very brief and playful. This structure allows Schechter to interlace conventional scholarship with fictional narratives, dramatized conversations, transcribed diaries, and comparisons to modern movements such as OccupyWall Street and figures such as Yoko Ono and Chelsea Manning. These interludes, asides, and anachronistic nods provide a Brechtian approach to historical scholarship, honoring the spirit of his source material and providing an engaging reading experience.


Bolivia is one of the countries with higher percentage of people infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, It is especially due to poverty, housing infrastructure, lack of knowledge about this disease. The specific laboratory diagnosis of Chagas infection was performed according to the disease stage. In chronic phase serological diagnosis methods was used as Fast Immunochromatography, Indirect Hemagglutination (ELISA) for Chagas. All steps from sampling to delivery of results were. Fulfilled. A total of 209 children aged 1-5 years took in Communities Township Tarabuco response to the objectives is known that 202 children were equivalent with negative serology for Chagas to 97%, and 7-seropositive Chagas equivalent to 3%.


Introduction Livestock systems occupy ~ 30 % of the planet's ice – free terrestrial area, contributes about 40 % to the agricultural GDP and directly supports the livelihoods of 600 million poor smallholder farmers in the developing world. Livestock play multiple roles (societal, economic and environmental) in the livelihoods of people in communities, especially the poor. Therefore the sustainable livestock production is an imperative to nutritional and livelihood security globally. Haloxylon salicornicum is an important rangeland shrub species of arid regions. The species possesses range of morphological, physiological and ecological adaptation to survive under water limiting, nutrient poor environmental conditions of arid regions. It is used as a fodder, medicine and in restoration of degraded arid lands. However, information about this species is fragmentary and meager, which hinders its development and sustainable utilization. This paper aims to summarize information regarding distribution, agro-morphological diversity and uses of H. salicornicum to stimulate interest in this species.


Professor Bernardo A Houssay, Director of the Institute of Physiology at the University of Buenos Aires, was an outstanding physiologist who created the first school of medical research in Argentina and brought it to world attention. His research covered a wide range of physiological fields, but particularly concerned the hormonal control of metabolism and arterial hypertension. Houssay was dismissed from the university during the Perón era but was able to found and direct the Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine in Buenos Aires. He was joint winner of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1947 for his discovery of the role of the anterior pituitary in carbohydrate metabolism.


The nonlinear dynamic responses of two reinforced and six prestressed concrete versions of a twenty story frame structure to a strong earthquake are found, using a step-by-step integration technique. A special model beam is used to represent the concrete members. The effects of different member properties, different amounts of hysteretic damping, and two different viscous damping mechanisms on response and energy dissipation are compared. The prestressed concrete structures have higher lateral displacements and inter-story drifts, but lower ductility requirements, and the comparative results suggest that a prestressed structure of the type analyzed could withstand a strong earthquake.


To decrease the distortion of elasticity tripod mount and improve the fire accuracy of machine gun,the design idea on gun mount with buffer spade was put forward by analyzing spade structural characteristic of machine gun.The gun mount with buffer spade was applied in a type of machine gun,and corresponding simulations were made.The structural parameters of the gun mount were optimized by genetic algorithm.The simulation results of gunpoint dynamic response show that,after installed with the gun mount with proposed buffer spade,the amplitude of gunpoint is reduced obviously,during continual firing the displacement on the bullets being expelled from the gunpoint are more close to equilibrium position.These mean that the elasticity distortion of the gun mount become smaller,the dynamic stability of machine gun become better,and the abilities on machine gun adapting to soil is improved.The design can improve the fire accuracy of machine gun.


An important role of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) in the development of regulatory T cells is well established. Although integrin‐mediated activation of latent TGF‐β1 is considered essential for the induction of regulatory T (Treg) cells by antigen‐presenting cells (APCs), such an activation mechanism is not applicable to the TGF‐β2 isoform, which lacks an integrin‐binding RGD sequence in its latency‐associated peptide. Mucosal and ocular tissues harbour TGF‐β2‐expressing APCs involved in Treg induction. The mechanisms that regulate TGF‐β activation in such APCs remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that murine APCs exposed to TGF‐β2 in the environment predominantly increase expression of TGF‐β2. Such predominantly TGF‐β2‐expressing APCs use thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1) as an integrin‐independent mechanism to activate their newly synthesized latent TGF‐β2 to induce Foxp3+ Treg cells both in vitro and in vivo. Expression of Treg induction by TGF‐β2‐expressing APCs is supported by a TSP‐1 receptor, CD36, which facilitates activation of latent TGF‐β during antigen presentation. Our results suggest that APC‐derived TSP‐1 is essential for the development of an adaptive regulatory immune response induced by TGF‐β2‐expressing APCs similar to those located at mucosal and ocular sites. These findings introduce the integrin‐independent mechanism of TGF‐β activation as an integral part of peripheral immune tolerance associated with TGF‐β2‐expressing tissues.


To improve medical care in patients with complicated eruption of the lower third molars, complicated by pericoronitis, results of examination and treatment of patients at the Oral Surgery Department of the Dental clinics have been analyzed. On the basis of the received data an optimal algorithm for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, taking into account individual peculiarities of the disease has been developed.


Fatal infection by Cyathostoma ( Cyathostoma ) phenisci Baudet, 1937 (Nematoda: Syngamidae) was identified in two out 52 brown boobies ( Sula lecucogaster Boddaert, 1783) collected on beaches in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and admitted to the veterinary clinic for rehabilitation. Both infected birds were in poor physical condition, with atrophied pectoral muscles, and died soon after starting treatment. The parasitological and pathological examination of the carcasses revealed the presence of C. (Cyathostoma) phenisci in the trachea, resulting in tracheitis, as well as severe parasitic granulomatous bronchopneumonia caused by eggs deposited in the lungs. In our opinion, these serious pathological changes were the primary cause of the chronic respiratory illness. This is a first description of fatal cyathostomiasis in a fish-eating avian host caused by infection by a member of the subgenus Cyathostoma (Cyathostoma) . Therefore, it is reasonable to consider C. (Cyathostoma) phenisci to be a real threat to a wide range of their definitive hosts and cyathostomiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis for fish-eating marine birds, even in cases without respiratory signs. This is also the first record of the genus Cyathostoma in Brazil.


The utility model discloses a structure and system for house combining external prestress post tensioning method steel beam and pretensioning method prestress composite beam. The utility model adopts the structure and system of combining post tensioning method external prestress steel beam and pretensioning method prestress prefabricated composite beam on construction of large space, which can increases displacement rate of high-strength steel bars of steel beams and prestress composite beams, bring bearing capability of column with large cross section into full display, enlarge construction space, and lower manufacturing cost. The connecting pieces arranged in steel skeleton concrete post can facilitate supporting of steel pipe, steel beam, and prefabricated beam, and at the same time can realize multi-layer tridimensional and rapid construction and installation. The utility model is also characterized by quick construction and less labor. The adoption of prefabricated beam with formwork aperture and connect section steel of the utility model can facilitate lifting of prefabricated beams, eliminate bracing frame for floor template, quicken construction speed, and save labor.


To protect against misuse, mobile operating systems require apps to seek user permission before accessing their personal data. While this measure gives users control, they are often asked for their data without knowing who the data will ultimately be shared with, why, and how often. This paper presents results from the evaluation of a proof-of-concept permission manager for iOS that allows users to adjust privileges granted to apps, substitute their personal data with mock data, and review data that has been transmitted to a server.


Poly(oxyethylene)s with number-average degrees of polymerization (DP n ) ranging from 6 to 80, terminated at both ends with phosphonium ion end groups (diionic poly-EO), have been prepared and characterized as described in the preceding paper. Viscosities of diionic poly-EO were measured, both in solution and in bulk. In chloroform solution, at low concentration (< 1 g/100 mL), the viscosity of diionic poly-EO was lower than the viscosity of nonionic (terminated with HO-groups) poly-EO of the same DP n . At higher concentrations, the viscosity of diionic poly-EO exceeded that of nonionic poly-EO and increased sharply with increasing concentration. At the constant weight concentration of 4 g/100 mL, the viscosities of short-chain diionic poly-EO were higher and those of longer chain diionic poly-EO were lower than the viscosities of the nonionic poly-EO of the same chain lengths. These results were attributed to a predominant intramolecular aggregation of terminal ionic groups at low concentration of ionic groups in solution and predominant intermolecular aggregation at higher concentration of ionic groups. The results of bulk viscosity measurements as well as the results of differential scanning calorimetry measurements of the dependence of the glass transition temperature on the DP n of diionic poly-EO indicated that in bulk physically cross-linked networks were formed, due to intermolecular aggregation of terminal ionic groups.


Abstract : The results of the present investigation indicate that the M(bqd)2I(0.50) materials, M = Ni, Pd, are best formulated as M(bqd)2I(0.50).S materials where S represents various amounts of the aromatic solvent employed for crystallization. As deduced from resonance Raman, I-129 Mossbauer, and diffuse x-ray scattering measurements, the iodine is present as I3-, and thus the m(bqd)2I(0.50).S materials are indeed partially oxidized.


Fababean germplasm including 84 exotic lines from West Germany and 9 indigenouslines, were evaluated for ten metric traits of economic importance. The lines could be grouped into six clusters using D2 and metroglyph analysis. The grouping parttern revealed by the metroglyph analysis and D2 analysis had 55.9% resemblance. The comparative efficiency of these two methods to classify the germplasm collection has been discussed.


Characterization of mango cultivars using morphological characters has been successfully used for selection of improved cultivars for breeding programs. The study was conducted at Horticultural research station, Venkataramannagudem for evaluating the variability of mango cultivars to conserve the elite ones and to identify the superior genotypes based on fruit characters for future crop improvement. Thirty four mango cultivars were characterized using morphological fruit characters in subsequent years from 2012-14 to know the genetic diversity in mango. The cultivars Sora Mamidi, Kowsuri Pasand and Elamandala appeared to be promising donors for fruit yield which showed maximum fruit weight and pulp weight but the cultivars Panukula Mamidi, Hyder, Nuzividu Rasalu, Suvarnarekha Navaneetham, Nalla Rasalu, Chinnarasam, Panchadara Kalasa and Cherukurasam have optimum fruit size weighing 3-4 fruits/kg. The cultivars Elamandala and Banganapalli-2 reported maximum fruit skin thickness which can be used as a source for better keeping quality of mango fruits. Minimum peel weight and peel percent were recorded in Tella Gulabi. The cultivars Banglora-1, Tella Gulabi, Suvarnarekha, Chinnarasam, Elamandala, Nuzividu Rasalu and Imam Pasand recorded optimum edible to non-edible ratio. The cultivars Nuzividu Tiyya Mamidi and Tella Gulabi recorded minimum stone weight. These identified cultivars may be good donors in future hybridization programme to evolve superior varieties.


Multiple-antenna systems that operate at high rates require simple yet effective space-time transmission schemes. Linear dispersion (LD) codes transmits substreams of data in linear combinations over space and time. The traditionally LD codes are mainly designed to optimize the mutual information which cannot guarantee good error performance. In contrast, using the simulation-based optimization method can minimize the block error rate (BLER), but failed to optimize the channel capacity to the fullest extent. In this paper, a new design algorithm will be presented which would achieve both lower BLER and higher capacity by adding some extra qualifications in the simulation process. Simulation results show that the proposed method has a better performance over a large range of SNRs than the earlier proposed methods.


Superconducting cables have been developed around the world and demonstrated its operation in the grid. One of the important subjects is to study what happens in case of fault events, such as a ground fault, short circuit fault and so on, occurred in the superconducting cable. Therefore, we have conducted experimental and numerical simulations at the fault events. For the short circuit accidents, we conducted experimental simulation with a 66 kV 3-core cable in 40 m length to measure LN2 temperatures and pressures in the cable during and after simulated fault current as 16 kA- 8 sec, which has the same heat generation as the worst fault condition in the Japanese 66 kV network as 31.5 kA for 2 sec. The measured values of temperature and pressure are almost good agreement with calculated values. Using the same calculation code, temperatures and pressures at the fault event are estimated in the superconducting cable with 3 km length for practical use. As the results, in case of 31.5 kA in 2 sec, maximum temperature at superconducting conductor is calculated as 112 K and maximum pressure is as 3 MPa under the base pressure of 1 MPa. In that case, no gasification of LN2 is occurred. So, blowout of cryostat would not be occurred. However, it expects that several hours are necessary to turn back original state. For the ground fault, we conducted experimental simulations using samples with protection sheets and short cable samples. The fault current condition is assumed as 1.5 kA for 2 sec, which is the worst case in the Japanese 66 kV network. In such condition, the cable cryostat can be penetrated by the arc energy of the insulation break down and then LN2 would be blown out to make some damage for surrounding apparatus. So, we conducted LN2 leakage test in the manhole to measure LN2 accommodation level and concrete temperatures. Using experimental results and diffusion equation with thermal conductivity of concrete, inner pressure of manhole was simulated. The calculation results show the pressure rising is not so fast that the manhole lid can be blown off.


The present invention relates to a method of forming a metal wiring of a semiconductor device, aluminum or an aluminum alloy with a metal wiring material to form a plurality of dense metal interconnection of a low dielectric material using a reactive ion etching process with a hard mask pattern, the metal and on the wiring side wall forming a barrier metal layer, the low-dielectric hard mask, because the pattern is formed to present a low dielectric interlayer insulating layer in a state in which the wiring process the margin secured and with the interlayer insulating layer critical dimension gain of isolating a metal wiring inter to secure it can reduce the RC delay due to the reduction in capacitance and suppressed cross-talk phenomenon between the adjacent metal wirings. Aluminum, the metal wiring and low dielectric materials, a hard mask, the barrier metal


Background: The ever-increasing resistance of microorganisms to pathogens and our inability to control infectious diseases indicate the importance of conducting research to find new antibiotics. Objectives: The aim of the present research was to isolate, identify, and optimize a cold and pH resistant strain of Streptomyces with high antibiotic production capability. Methods: Soil samples were taken from the Telar forests of northern Iran, and the ACS52 strain was identified as a Streptomyces strain based on the morphological, biochemical, and 16S rRNA gene analysis. Antibacterial features of the obtained strain were studied against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the cross-culture method. In order to evaluate the antibacterial activity of culture product, two seed cultures and three fermentation media were examined. Finally, the effects of various factors such as the type of carbon and nitrogen sources, temperature, pH, and inoculation rate were investigated. Results: Streptomyces sp. ACS52 is a cold-resistant alkalophilic bacterium strain with antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of pathogenic bacteria. The fermentation medium containing glycerol and ethyl acetate was suitable for the production and extraction of antibacterial compound, respectively. Glycerol and starch as the carbon source, soybean extract as the nitrogen source, temperature of 25°C, pH of 7, and inoculation rate of 10% were found to provide the optimal conditions for the antibacterial activity. Conclusions: The crude extract of Streptomyces sp. ACS52 had high antibacterial activity against a wide spectrum of bacteria and could be of interest due to its features such as ability to grow at low temperatures and alkaline pH levels.


As improvements in fabrication technology for MEMS (micro electro mechanical systems) increase the availability and diversity of these micromachines, engineers are deening a growing number of tasks to which they can be put. The idea of carrying out tasks using coordinated systems of MEMS units motivates the development of automated, algorithmic methods for modeling, designing and controlling these devices. Parts contacts and parts handling at the micro scale pose new challenges to roboticists: With decreasing scale, forces proportional to the volume of objects (such as weight or inertia) decrease in comparison to surface forces (such as friction and sticking forces). We brieey describe these forces and discuss their eeects on micro parts handling. Then we give an overview of our work on micro manipulation strategies. We describe how arrays of MEMS devices can move and position tiny parts, such as integrated circuit chips, in exible and predictable ways by oscillatory or ciliary action. The theory of programmable force elds can model the contacts between parts and large numbers of microscopic actuators, leading to algorithms for various types of micromanipulation that require no sensing of where the part is. Experiments support the theory.


Life tables were constructed for pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), developing on red clover, Trifolium pretense L., in growth chambers. Demographic statistics for pea aphids on three red clovers-N-2 germplasm (pea aphid resistant), 'Redland' (susceptibility level unknown), and 'Tensas' (pea aphid susceptible)-were computed to study the influence of resistance in red clover on aphid population dynamics. Resistance in N-2 red clover causes a significantly lower instantaneous rate of increase ( r ) for the pea aphid compared with 'Tensas' and 'Redland'. Net reproductive rate per generation ( R o) was significantly higher on 'Tensas' than on N-2. Age-specific survivorship ( l x) was significantly higher on 'Tensas' and 'Redland' than on N-2 with 16-d-old adults. Development time for the first instar was significantly longer on N-2 than on 'Redland' and 'Tensas'. However, mean generation time ( T ) of the pea aphid did not differ among the three red clovers. N-2 exhibited resistance to pea aphid, which reduced aphid population growth potential. Demographic statistics are useful tools to explore the effects or influences of host plant resistance on present and future populations of a pest.


Aim To investigate the inhibitory effect of TLSF JM on acute allograft rejection and its mechanism. Methods By using F344 rat as a cardiac recepient and LOU/CN rat as a cardiac donor, a rat heterotopic cardiac transplantation model was set up. The cardiac recepient rats were devided into 3 groups, and each group was injected with RPMI1640, CsA or TLSF JM respectively , before or after the transplatation. Pulsating of transplanted heart was observed every day. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was carried out by using splenocytes of cardiac donor rat as stimulator and splenocytes of cardiac recepient rat as responser. Results TLSF JM could effectively prolong the graft survival. Compared with the control group treated with RPMI1640 group which survived for 6 days, the recipient rats administered (i.p.) with TLSF JM could survive up to 27 days, just the same as that of CsA treated group. As for MLR, cpm of TLSF JM treated group was markedly lower than that the of the two control groups. Conclusion TLSF JM can effectively inhibit the acute allograft rejection, which partly is due to its ability to inhibit alloantigen induced proliferation of T lymphocytes.


Over the past decade, open innovation (OI) literature has extended its scope beyond strictly economic contexts to the context of societal value creation. This has given rise to the notion of (local) distributed knowledge as a driver for sustainable innovation and has highlighted the importance of multi-stakeholder collaborations in new product development (NPD) processes to develop new ICT systems for complex urban issues. Several studies have discussed sustainable stakeholder ecosystem architectures for such collaborations. However, little is known about stakeholder identification and selection processes for collaborations in the urban environment. By combining action research with a case study design, this paper studies the nature of contextualized interactions between knowledge actors in the ecosystem and the processes of attraction, identification, selection, and activation of stakeholders in an urban living lab (ULL). These insights converge in the development of a 'stakeholder acupuncture framework', which structures mechanisms and practices within dynamic collaboration ecosystems and defines key boundary conditions for such open-ended ecosystems.


Let be the Fourier coefficients of the solution of the Cauchy problem for a nonlinear parabolic equation of the form where is a linear elliptic operator of order and is the nonlinear part of the equation. Then are the moment functions of the equation, i.e. the average of the function with respect to a probability measure , where characterizes the degree of concentration of the measure. In this paper we give an asymptotic expansion for the functions as .Bibliography: 8 items.


We introduce the notion of Canonical Expanding Ricci Soliton, and use it to derive new Harnack inequalities for Ricci flow. This viewpoint also gives geometric insight into the existing Harnack inequalities of Hamilton and Brendle.


In this paper, an algorithm for autonomous vehicle trajectory planning is proposed. The proposed algorithm consists of two parts. In the first part, transformation of given coordinates from Cartesian system to Frenet-Serret system is applied, along with interpolation of points in trajectory. In the second part, most efficient trajectory is being chosen and optimized. The algorithm was developed in Udacity's simulator, where it was tested and compared with other similar algorithms. The algorithm shows promising performance through testing.


The organisation of economic institutions, including the examination of coordination among firms, has been extensively studied across multiple social science disciplines, economic and business fields. Inter-‐organisational relationships are among some of the most important strategic activities for managers of a firm. There is an enormous amount of research examining inter-‐ organisational relationships. Scholars have tried to decode the structure, provide classifications, explain the rationales and determinants, and evaluate the performance of various types of inter-‐organisational governance modes.


Introduction 1. Rehearsal Process The Talk Through The Walk Through Dress Rehearsal The Rehearsal Process and You Manager's Checklist for Chapter 1 2. The Essentials The Feet, the Hands, and the Face Making eye contact work for you Empowering your voice Avoiding filler words Manager's Checklist for Chapter 2 3. Fear and confidence Why am I Nervous? Harnessing Your Nerves How to Fell More Calm and Appear More Confident Know Your Symptoms Manager's Checklist for Chapter 3 4. Audience Analysis Audience Demographics Audience Mindset Expectations Audience Analysis is Essential to Creating Your Presentation Manager's Checklist for Chapter 4 5. Acting techniques that help you create content Identifying Your Presentation Objectives Using Presentation Strategies Manager's Checklist for Chapter 5 6. The Blueprint for every Presentation Introduction Organizing Your Presentation Body Conclusion Manager's Checklist for Chapter 6 7. Storytelling for audience engagement How to Tell a Story Incorporating Stories into Presentations Storytelling is Fluid Manager's Checklist for Chapter 7 8. Performance techniques Make It All about You Control Your Visuals Get Away From the Furniture Don't Match the Backdrop Reading Your Audience Manager's Checklist for Chapter 8 9. Stage Movement Being Seen Confident First Impressions and Final Moments Using Your Stage Seated Presentations Manager's Checklist for Chapter 9 10. Actors' secrets for sharing the stage Preparing to Co-Present Group Presentation Rehearsal Co-Presenting with someone who wants to "Wing It" Presenting on a Panel Manager's Checklist for Chapter 10 11. Q&A management Planning for Audience Questions Elements of a Good Answer How to Not Answer a Question Rehearsing Q&A Manager's Checklist for Chapter 11 12. What If...? What If... You Need to Acknowledge an Issue to the Crowd? What If... You're Presenting Someone Else's Content? What If... You Don't Care about or Aren't Connected to the Content? What If... You Have to Deliver the Same Information Over and Over Again? What If... You Get Shorted on Time? What If... You're Given Extra Time? What If... You Skip a Major Point? What If... You Forget a Prop? What If... You Totally Lose Your Audience? What If... You Have a Heckler or a Hijacker? What If... You Discover an Error in Your Visuals? What If... You Need to Cancel? What If... You Get surprising Feedback? Manager's Checklist for Chapter 12 Conclusion Index


This paper presents the results of the azimuthal and axial wave diagnostics of a partially magnetized E × B Penning source. Various probes were employed, namely, a two-tip probe for azimuthal waves and two- and four-probe arrays for axial waves, to investigate the spatial characteristics of the instability using a two-point probe technique. The azimuthally aligned tips of the two-tip probe facilitated the investigation of the evolution of the azimuthal dispersion relation, which exhibited a well-known azimuthally propagative spoke at low discharge voltages. By utilizing axially aligned four-probe arrays with a probe distance of 3 mm and two-probe arrays with a relatively long probe distance of 20 mm, we sought to determine whether the rotating spoke propagated in the axial direction in the cylindrical E × B source. Our findings suggest that the rotating spoke originated near the axial center and propagated toward each cathode, rotating in a direction tilted from the azimuthal direction.


The article briefly describes the characteristics and development of the Distributed Energy System.It describes in detail a system in CCHP(Combined Cooling Heating and Power)System.It is an advanced system of total energy utilization.The article analyzes the typical system.This shows that energy-saving Combined Cooling Heating and Power System of the effect.It has the good social and economic benefits.It is consistent with the relevant policies and regulations.It has good prospects for the development and application value.It is worth promoting.


We show via proof-by-construction that the chain fountain, also known as the Mould effect, is a generic consequence of energy conserving dynamics of linear chains, similar to the extra acceleration observed for hanging or falling chains. Extracting a chain from its unentangled slack sitting on a table is much less energy dissipative than the claim of the classical scenario, postulated by Biggins and Warner [Proc. R. Soc. A 470, 20130689(2014)] as the starting point of their explanation of the chain fountain. As a result, their alleged upward kicks on the chain from the table as the chain is uplifted can at best be one of the possible factors in driving the fountain, if not totally irrelevant. We construct an efficient chain fountain with no upward kicks in Biggins and Warner\'s sense, rather relying on the hanging chain dynamics. Simply put, the centrifugal force at the top of the fountain is responsible for maintaining the fountain. We argue that lateral motion of the chain in the slack plays a decisive role in the Mould effect.


The allocation of scarce spectral resources to support as many user applications as possible while maintaining reasonable quality of service is a fundamental problem in wireless communication. We argue that the problem is best formulated in terms of decision theory. We propose a scheme that takes decision-theoretic concerns (like preferences) into account and discuss the difficulties and subtleties involved in apply standard techniques from the theory of Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) in constructing an algorithm that is decision-theoretically optimal. As an example of the proposed framework, we construct such an algorithm under some simplifying assumptions. Additionally, we present analysis and simulation results that show that our algorithm meets its design goals. Finally, we investigate how far from optimal one well-known heuristic is. The main contribution of our results is in providing insight and guidance for the design of near-optimal admission-control policies.


I bring together two areas of scholarship – memory studies and theories of built space – in order to examine cultural responses to trauma in late 20th- and 21st- century Latin America. Each chapter charts the work of Latin American women writers of the post-trauma or post-dictatorship generation: the aftermath of dictatorships in Chile (Nona Fernandez) and Argentina (Tununa Mercado), the legacies of the Tlatelolco student massacre in Mexico (Ana Clavel), and responses to the Shining Path in Peru (Karina Pacheco Medrano). My study is the first to bring these lesser-known women authors – joined together by their political engagement with the tension between spaces of collective and individual memory – into comparative analysis. They mark a shift in writing about trauma; each revisits unfinished histories from a perspective of temporal and/or spatial distance – through the lens of exile, of an "inheritor" of memory, or of a member of the second generation. Forming a "shadow canon," these texts articulate a gender-specific reading of trauma through the female body's interaction with the built environment. Within these fictional responses to trauma, corporeally experienced events become enmeshed in relationships to public space. Through fiction-writing – a practice central to the process of political critique in Latin America – these authors react to the deliberate altering of cityspaces by authoritarian regimes. Their literary return to potential sites of collective memory (monuments or memorials) marks absence, and seeks to reclaim what was lost in the radical transformation of the urban landscape. I focus on the way that the past is publicly encountered or mapped onto the contours of the city, as the authors place the reader in the ethical position of engaging in conversation with urban sites of memory. This literary undertaking engages the collective political unconscious, and advances social healing. My work underscores the importance of understanding the social systems and urban trajectories of societies emerging from dictatorship and colonial histories – where the bodies of ethnic minorities and women indicate a continuing pattern of oppression. Fiction allows for a fuller articulation of diverse subjects living in complex urban spaces, and examines the intellectual and social work of extending human freedom.


To the Editor: —Your editorial on this subject under the title "The Physician's Responsibility in Preventive Medicine" (The Journal, Febuary 12, p. 484) is opportune. If conscientiously studied by the medical profession, the editorial will do good. In Toledo, city authorities have fitted out about a hundred policemen with first aid kits! Many of these policemen are of less than eighth grade education, and yet the young physician is taxed to help pay policemen. A patron who was drawing a yearly salary of not less than $3,000 was immunized against diphtheria "because it did not cost anything." Everybody on the city payroll, and their friends, are immunized at city expense. There are thousands of such "free" immunizations. The medical profession sponsors the "Medical Service Bureau." Four dollars a month puts and keeps a physician on its list. It is adroitly advertised in the newspapers. After the "first aid," the bureau


This document thoroughly examines the role that the Hanford Engineer Works played in the Manhattan project. The historical aspects of the buildings and facilities are characterized. An in depth look at the facilities, including their functions, methods of fabrication and appearance is given for the 100 AREAS, 200 AREAS, 300 AREAS, 500, 800 and 900 AREAS, 600 AREA, 700 AREA, 1100 AREA and temporary construction structures.


Cervical Spondylosis is a common cause of chronic Neck pain. The term spondylosis refers to degenerative osteoarthritis of the joints between the cervical vertebrae. When the space between the two adjacent vertebrae narrows, the compression of a nerve root emerging from the spinal cord may result in sensory and motor disturbance such as severe pain in the neck, back, shoulder, legs and arms depends on the area where it is affected. The patients may experience shock in the hands or legs. The nerve compression leads to decrease in blood circulation in the affected area. Due to the faulty life style of people this has become a major cause of hampering peace.so the present study has been done focusing on this emerging issue. In which Mashbaladi Pachan Kashaya Nasya was selected for the present study to see its effect on Cervical Spondylosis. 15 patients selected from the Panchkarma and Kaya-Chikitsa O.P.D. & were treated with Maashbaladi Pachan Kashaya Nasya. Assessment was done on the basis of chief complain & associated complain by applying appropriate statistical test. the intervention was found to be highly significant (p<0.001) in reducing pain, stiffness, and in ristricted movement of neck as well as associated symptoms.


Though distributed generators (DGs) have significant economic and environmental benefits, increased penetration of DGs will impose significant technical barriers for the efficient and effective operation of bulk power systems. Increased fault current contribution and load flow changes are the major two impacts on utility systems, and these will affect existing protective relaying, especially overcurrent relays. To ensure safe and selective protection relay coordination, the impact of DGs should be taken into account when planning DG interconnection. This paper presents an introduction of DGs and an overview of the impacts of DGs on system protection relay coordination. Several protection issues are identified to study the requirements for protection in the presence of DGs are also discussed.


The crystallization process of electroless Ni-Mo-P alloy films was investigated by thermal analysis. Two exothermic peaks were observed, -a broad peak at lower temperature and a sharp peak at higher temperature-the temperatures of the two peaks depended on phosphorus content. The broad peak indicated the deposition of nickel or the progress of Ni-Mo alloy crystallization, while the sharp peak was the results of Ni3P formation. Codeposited molybdenum suppressed the formation of Ni3P in asplated amorphous films, but had virtually no effect in the case of as-plated crystallized films.


Cryo-electron microscopy is an emerging tool for structural biology to study biological specimens in their native conformational states. High contrast images with high signal-to-noise ratio are always beneficial for extracting features out of subcellular components in a cell tomogram or visualizing small macromolecules in single particle cryoEM. There are recent advances in enhancing image contrast using direct electron detectors and Zernike phase plate. The application of direct electron detector has demonstrated its usefulness in enhancing the low and high resolution contrast to facilitate the near atomic resolution structure determination of single particles. Zernike phase plate offers impressive low resolution image contrast to reveal structural details of subcellular components in a crowded environment of cell tomograms.


Photo transduction in human eye can be segmented into different electrical components by proper analysis of their work on the action potential with electrophysiological studies. J. H. Van Hateren, designed a computational model of primate retinal system with the aim of mimicking the human visual system as an electrical device for retinal implants in the future, but the model suffered from chromaticity adaptation and the existence of after images. This article concentrates in studying the model by simulating with different values and stating why generic value fit is taken into consideration, while others are not. The choice of generic value for the inactivation reaction of photopigment and phosphodiesterase is reasoned in greater detail. This paper states the flaws present in the previous mentioned computational model and provided a suggestion that instead of assuming the photoreceptor as low pass filters it works as a band pass filter which might overcome chromaticity adaptation.


We fabricated a novel dielectric–magnetic nanostructure by hybridizing 3D Fe3O4 nanocrystals and multi-walled carbon nanotubes through a simple co-precipitation route. The 3D Fe3O4-MWCNTs composites demonstrate enhanced microwave absorption with tunable strong-absorption wavebands in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz. Double-band microwave absorption appears in the investigated frequency range and at various thicknesses. This depends on the loading concentration of 3D Fe3O4-MWCNTs. Minimum reflection loss values at 20 wt% loading of −23.0 dB and −52.8 dB are observed at 4.1 GHz and 12.8 GHz, respectively, which are superior to those of pure MWCNTs as well as other hybrids of Fe3O4. The improved absorption capacity arises from the synergy of dielectric loss and magnetic loss, as well as the enhancement of multiple interfaces among 3D Fe3O4 nanocrystals. All of these factors increase the flexibility of tuning microwave absorption. These results provide a new strategy to tune electromagnetic properties and enhance the capacity of high-efficient microwave absorbers.


This article analyzes the impact of the global pandemic on labor relations. Based on the analysis of the domestic legal framework and practice, the impact of COVID-19 on labor law and the measures taken by employers to create working conditions during the pandemic. As well as prepared offers to improve the current labor legislation.


We conduct an experiment where 1,000 individuals read online news articles and are shown ads for branded goods next to those articles. Using eye-tracking technology, we measure the attention that each individual devotes to reading each article and viewing each ad. Then, respondents choose between cash or vouchers for branded goods. We find that attention is a predictor both of willingness-to-pay for brands, and for brand recall. We also give suggestive evidence of the main drivers of attention. These include the type of news, and the match between individual political preferences and the media outlet.


which obviously commute. Examples of abelian invariants are traces and determinants. K-theory was born during the early days of the famous Bonn Arbeitstagung, as I shall now briefly recall. The prime motivation came from Hirzebruch's generalisation of the classical Riemann-Roch Theorem. This concerns a complex projective algebraic manifold X and a holomorphic (or algebraic) vector bundle E over X. Then one has the sheaf cohomology groups H(X, E), which are finite-dimensional vector spaces, and the corresponding Euler characteristic


In the article the definition of the visual precedence is given. The "precedent text" and the "precedent statement" are regarded in the semiotic aspect. The precedent visual images used in the press as special communicative units are classified. Except for traditionally used sources of the precedent unit fund supply the behavioral texts and the cultural space of the objects are also applied. The importance of the images of visual (accessible to visual perception) behavior of politicians in the modern society is emphasized. The precedent form and the precedent content are differentiated.


Alkenylboranes bearing organometallic substituents (E)—Me3M(R1)C=C(Et)BEt2 [M = Sn, R1 = H (la), Me (lb); M = Pb, R1 = Me (2a), PbMe3 (2b)] react with alkynyllead compounds Me3Pb—C=C—R2 [R2 = Me (3a), 'Bu (3b), PbMe3 (3c)] to give either alienes (5) or 3-borolenes (7), depending on the nature of R2. 3-Borolenes are observed for R2 = Me and diene derivatives were identified in the reaction mixtures as intermediates, consistent with mechanistic suggestions. Only one of the two possible diastereomers of the allene 5b (from la and 3b) is formed. The products have been characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (1H,11 B,13C, 119Sn and 207Pb NMR). In the case of 5c (from 2b and 3c), a homonuclear two-dimensional 207Pb COSY NMR spectrum serves for the assignment of the 207Pb resonances of diastereomers.


. We study asymptotic spectral properties of the generalized Hilbert L -matrix for large order n . First, for general ν 6 = 0 , − 1 , − 2 ,... , we deduce the asymptotic distribution of eigenvalues of L n ( ν ) outside the origin. Second, for ν > 0, asymptotic formulas for small eigenvalues of L n ( ν ) are derived. Third, in the classical case ν = 1, we also prove asymptotic formulas for large eigenvalues of L n ≡ L n (1). In particular, we ob- tain an asymptotic expansion of k L n k improving Wilf's formula for the best constant in truncated Hardy's inequality.


Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been fruitful in identifying common variants underlying many complex human diseases (McCarthy et al., 2008; Altshuler et al., 2008), with notable success especially in several autoimmune diseases (Lettre & Rioux 2008; Zhernakova et al., 2009). Hundreds of distinct genomic loci have been associated with various autoimmune diseases, including celiac disease (CeD), Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Besides individual studies, recent metaanalysis of GWAS has also enabled the identification of dozens of susceptibility loci for T1D (Cooper et al., 2008; Barrett et al., 2009; Bradfield et al., 2011), CD (Barrett et al., 2009; Franke et al., 2010), and UC (McGovern et al., 2010; Anderson et al., 2011), since single studies are typically underpowered. Additionally, comparisons of susceptibility loci between different autoimmune diseases have revealed important insights into their common genetic architecture. For example, interleukin 23 receptor (IL23R) has been consistently implicated in multiple related autoimmune disorders including CD, UC, ankylosing spondylitis and psoriasis, suggesting that it may be a common susceptibility factor for the major seronegative diseases (Cargill et al., 2007; Duerr et al., 2006; Tremelling et al., 2007). Another study compared shared genetic risk factors for T1D and CeD and reported multiple identical risk alleles (Smyth et al., 2008), suggesting that common biologic mechanisms may be etiologic features of both diseases. Several similar studies that examined known CD susceptibility loci in GWAS for UC identified previously unreported susceptibility loci shared by these related disorders (Franke et al., 2008; Anderson et al., 2009; Anderson et al., 2011). Taken together, these studies suggest that examination of related autoimmune diseases can help reveal shared genetic pathways, and that evaluation of known susceptibility loci for one disease in GWAS for another disease may uncover novel diseaseloci relationships. The GWAS approach has been made possible by the development of high-density genotyping arrays that leverage the knowledge generated from The International HapMap project (The International HapMap Project, 2003; International HapMap Consortium, 2005). As a consequence, it has been shown that the genome is laid out in discrete linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks with limited haplotype diversity within each of these blocks. Therefore, a minimal set of SNPs can detect almost all common haplotypes present, thus improving genotyping accuracy and reducing cost. Genome-wide


Background and Objective: This study examined the simple and multiple relationships between morningness and sleep quality among students with addiction potential in students Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Subjects and Methods: One hundred and fifty subjects were selected by multistage random sampling from the whole students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The scales used for this study were Iranian Addiction Potential Scale (IAPS), morningness questioner (CSM) and sleep quality (PSQI). The method of this study was descriptive. In order to analysis the data, used Pierson correlation and regression analysis. Results: There were significant simple and multiple relationships between predictors and criterion variables. There was significant correlation between morningness and addiction potential. In addition, there was significant correlation between sleep quality and addiction potential. Regression analysis showed that there were multiple relationships between morningness and sleep quality with addiction potential. Conclusions: The overall results showed that students with low morningness and low sleep quality are exposed to higher risk of addiction. ►Please cite this paper as: Rahimi Pordenjani T, Zargar Y, Noruzi Z, Mohamadzade Ebrahimi A. A Study of Simple and Multiple Relationships between Morningness and Sleep Quality among Students of Shahid Chamran University with Addiction Potential with. Jundishapur Sci Med J 2013;12(4):375-383


Aim:  To investigate the difference between physiological and pathological cardiac remodelling induced, respectively, by pregnancy and angiotensin (Ang) II, and to test the hypothesis that pregnancy protects against Ang II effects.


British cartoonists' portrayal of the United States after Watergate was affected by changes in cartooning imagery and style and by various significant features of American politics and society. The outcome was a more critical picture. Causes included a new generation of cartoonists with a sharper critical edge; a greater interest by up-market newspapers in cartoons; and a growing public tolerance of offensive imagery. Cartoonists continued to benefit from readers' familiarity with the imagery of American popular culture and with the office of President. On the American side, controversial domestic and foreign policies, the personal behaviour of particular Presidents, and the reduced mystique of the presidency, all gave more grounds for criticism. British cartoonists tended to over-represent the President at the expense of other political institutions.


Objective ----- Atrial fibrillation (AF) remains the most commonly observed complication following myocardial revascularization surgery. We aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of NT-pro-BNP, troponin T, transcoronary lactate gradient (TCLG) and C-reactive protein as predictors of atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing isolated CABG. Methods ----- Two hundred and fifteen consecutive patients in sinus rhythm (SR) undergoing elective CABG between May 2007 and May 2008 were included. Patients were grouped according to their respective postoperative rhythm into SR and AF groups. The data are presented as mean values ± standard deviation, or medians with quartiles. Results ----- Fifty five patients developed AF (26%). The preoperative NT-pro-BNP values were 273 ± 347 and 469 ± 629 pg/ml in the SR and AF groups, respectively (p < 0.0001). The postoperative NT-pro-BNP values were 3110 ± 3600 in the SR and 4625 ± 5640 pg/ml in the AF group (p = 0.027). The transcoronary lactate gradient rose from the pre-cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) values to those observed 5 minutes after revascularization in both groups (-0.05 ± 0.37 to 0.39 ± 0.46 mmol/l (p < 0.0001) in the SR group and -0.01 ± 0.27 to 0.43 ± 0.46 mmol/l (p < 0.0001) in the AF group). The CRP values increased from 6 ± 13 to 163 ± 88 mg/L (p < 0.0001) in the SR group, and from 6 ± 16 to 163 ± 104 mg/l (p < 0.0001) in the AF group. The dynamics of TCLG and CRP did not differ between the groups (p = 0.71, p = 0.44, respectively). The troponin T values on postoperative day one were significantly higher in the AF than the SR group (0.86 [0.49-2.1] ng/ml vs. 0.67 [0.37-1.16] ng/ml, p = 0.046). The duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was 85 ± 24 in the SR and 93 ± 30 min in the AF group (p = 0.05). Patients who developed AF were older (66 ± 7 vs 60 ± 9 years, p < 0.0001) and had a higher EuroSCORE (3.9 ± 2.7 vs 2.9 ± 2.2, p = 0.009). Multivariate analysis identified age (p = 0.0043), preoperative NT-pro-BNP (p = 0.019) and duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (p = 0.035) as independent predictors of AF. Conclusions ----- Preoperative and postoperative NT-pro-BNP, as well as, TnT values were significantly higher in patients that subsequently developed AF. TCLG and CRP were not useful in identifying patients at higher risk for AF. Multivariate analysis identified age, preoperative NT-pro-BNP and duration of CPB as independent correlates of AF.


Background Quarantine often is an unpleasant experience. The aim of this study is to explore the degree of psychological distress in terms of–Depression, Anxiety and Stress among the adult population in India during the strict 21 days mandatory lockdown. We hypothesize that quantification of psychological impact of current situation will help us to modify the policies and implementation strategies. This assessment might also help in future to keep targeted services in place, to cope up with the psychological distress of the quarantined population. Method A cross sectional survey design was adopted to assess the psychological state of general population in India, during the COVID-19 mandatory lockdown period, with the help of a validated questionnaire. Findings The reported prevalence of depression was around 30.5%, which was the highest among the variables of psychological health. Anxiety was reported by 22.4%, followed by stress which was seen in 10.8% of respondents. In the third week the incidence of depression (37.8% versus 23.4%; p<0.001), anxiety (26.6% versus 18.2%; p<0.001) and stress (12.2% versus 9.3%; p<0.045) was reported to be significantly higher as compared to second week. Interpretation Our results suggest a progressively detrimental impact of lockdown on various aspects of psychological health. We noticed around eight to ten fold increase in the prevalence of depression (30.5%) and anxiety (22.4%) during lockdown, as compared to baseline statistics in Indian population (3·1–3·6% for depressive disorders and 3·0–3·5% for anxiety disorders).


A fully coupled fluid flow, heat, and solute transport model was developed to investigate turbulent flow, solidification, and macrosegregation in a continuous casting process of steel slab with EMBR. Transport equations of mass, momentum, energy, and species for a binary iron-carbon alloy system were solved using a continuum model. The electromagnetic field was described by the Maxwell equations. A finite-volume method was employed to solve the conservation equations associated with appropriate boundary conditions. The effects of intensity of magnetic field and carbon segregation were investigated. The electromagnetic field reduces the velocity of molten flow in the mold and an increase in the percentage of C in steel results in a decrease of carbon segregation ratio.


The aim of this work is to study the sound field distribution in an experimental scale-model of two coupled rooms. An automatic scanning mechanism moves a microphone in small grid steps to measure room impulse responses at each grid point. The measurements cover the entire two-dimensional area of the coupled rooms. Sound energy distributions can be analyzed in the form of animated visual displays, revealing sound propagation across the coupling aperture and inside each room. This paper describes the measurement results, and the analysis method, which offer deep insights into the temporal development of a sound field in coupled spaces.


Transition metals supported on alumina are widely used as catalysts, and over the last few decades, a large amount of experimental work has been done to characterize such systems. While it is generally believed that the catalytic reactions occur on the surface and near the surface of the materials, knowledge of the reactions and the adsorption sites on the surface and related energetics is seriously lacking, especially at the atomic structure level. We have used both the film linearized muffin‐tin orbital (FLMTO) method and an ab initio molecular quantum cluster method to model the chemisorption of SO2 on CuO/γ‐Al2O3. This is of interest in connection with the use of this system as a regenerable adsorbent of SO2 for flue‐gas clean up. The modeling and calculations with the FLMTO method show that the copper atoms are adsorbed at the vacant surface octahedral sites (i.e., with respect to oxygen coordination). The modeling and calculations with the ab initio cluster method rule out the adsorption of SO2 mole...


Under its Rules of Court, the European Court of Human Rights has the power to issue interim measures. Case law shows that an interim measure is generally directed towards the respondent State but it can also or at the same time be directed towards the applicant. It has a proactive or a prohibitive nature: one or both of the parties in the proceedings before the European Court may be required to act in a certain way or to refrain from certain acts. In practice however, provisional measures are virtually only issued by the new Court in cases of imminent expulsion, extradition or deportation of individuals to their country of origin by the State against which the complaint is directed, although exceptionally other factual situations may arise such as extremely severe prison conditions or a hunger strike. As a result, the requests for interim measures will contain references to Articles 2 and/or 3 of the Convention and/or Article 1 of the Sixth Protocol. On the basis of the practice of the former European Commission and the current European Court, an overview is given of the scope of application of interim measures, the prerequisites to request an interim measure and the procedure to be followed by applicants if requesting an interim measure. Although, following two recent judgments of the First Section of the European Court, the European Court has made it clear that interim measures are binding on the respondent State, a viewpoint which is currently being challenged before the Grand Chamber of the Court, it is argued that the applicant not only has a very limited chance of success in obtaining a positive interim order, but that the new European Court is even more reluctant than the former Commission was before, when deciding whether to issue an interim measure or not. Where confronted with some specific kinds of factual situations, it may be arguable that the European Court follows the same line of reasoning towards requests for interim measures as its Interamerican counterpart, thus extending the scope of application of the interim measures to rights and freedoms, other than the above-mentioned.


Resonant electron discharges (mutlipactor effects) in vacuum electronic devices are investigated through irregular-grids-based particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. The Furman probabilistic model for the secondary electron emission (SEE) is embodied in a PIC algorithm that yields a self-consistent time update of fields and particles with charge-conserving and symplectic properties obtained from first principles. We study multipactor effects on different kinds of metal boundaries such as Cu and stainless steel and the saturation process due to a balanced competition between external RF potentials and space charges.


A flight experiment to demonstrate the existence of nosetip transient shock waves (oscillating shocks) has been conducted successfully on a re-entry vehicle (R/V) that contained a high-frequency -response pressure sensor. The pressure sensor was a solid-state device located 18% of the R/V length from the nosetip. The nosetip ablated shape was mapped utilizing recession sensors. A wind-tunnel test program was conducted which demonstrated that an oscillating bow shock wave could be detected on the R/V frustum ~ 18%L from the nosetip with the flight pressure sensor in the flight port geometry. The flight pressure data were maximum in the low-altitude regime, where the nose recession data showed a severe asymmetric nose cusp configuration. Power spectral density plots of the flight test pressure data showed the existence of an oscillating bow shock wave in this altitude regime. The frequency of the oscillating shock detected in flight was found to be in excellent agreement with the ground-test data when plotted as a function of Strouhal number.


The introductory part of the diploma thesis describes the basics of wastewater and sewage sludge
treatment in municipal wastewater treatment plants. The thesis then summarizes the Slovene legislation,
which regulates the future usage of sewage sludge in Slovenia. Next, it outlines the alternatives to
sewage sludge treatment in wastewater treatment plants and introduces the origins of sewage and the
ways of how to reduce or even remove water pollutants at their sources. The practical part investigates
the state of sewage sludge in the central wastewater treatment plant Jesenice and what happens to it after
its treatment. On the basis of the sewage sludge analysis results, the thesis researches further options for
its usage. The sewage sludge in the municipal wastewater treatment plant Jesenice is polluted with heavy
metals (copper, mercury, nickel, lead) and a sample also contained Salmonella. The usage of such
sewage sludge is very limited; that is why the thesis explores the reasons for inordinate water pollution
in the Municipality of Jesenice, which leads to sewage sludge's contamination, and suggests proposition
for its reduction.


. A boundary value problem for the Poisson's equation with unknown intensities of sources is studied in context of mathematical modeling the pressure distribution in cerebral capillary networks. The problem is formulated as an inverse problem with finite-dimensional overdetermination. The unique solvability of the problem is proven. A numerical algorithm is proposed and implemented.


We present in detail the recently derived ab-initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) formalism [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 096403 (2008)], which due to its numerical properties, is ideal for simulating the dynamics of systems containing thousands of atoms. A major drawback of traditional AIMD methods is the necessity to enforce the orthogonalization of the wave-functions, which can become the bottleneck for very large systems. Alternatively, one can handle the electron-ion dynamics within the Ehrenfest scheme where no explicit orthogonalization is necessary, however the time step is too small for practical applications. Here we preserve the desirable properties of Ehrenfest in a new scheme that allows for a considerable increase of the time step while keeping the system close to the Born-Oppenheimer surface. We show that the automatically enforced orthogonalization is of fundamental importance for large systems because not only it improves the scaling of the approach with the system size but it also allows for an additional very e cient parallelization level. In this work we provide the formal details of the new method, describe its implementation and present some applications to some test systems. Comparisons with the widely used


This paper develops a fuzzy adaptive control system for the collecting main pressure control in coke oven. The collecting main pressure system is a multi-variables, nonlinear system. The disturbance, multi-parameters, and nonlinearities are the major difficulties in the collecting main pressures system. The adaptive fuzzy method is used to solve the problem in this paper. The adaptive fuzzy controller comprises of two fuzzy controllers, one regulates the collecting main pressure by the error of collecting main pressure, and other obtains the error of collecting pipelines pressure and compensates the disturbance between them. The experience results show the fuzzy adaptive controller can make collecting main pressure stable in the requirement range and obtains a desired control performance.


Ultrasonic imaging of single objects in heterogeneous solids such as concrete is mainly performed using linearized methods that are limited to one wave type and neglect geometric reflections and mode conversions. This limits the reconstruction accuracy and can induce artifacts.

By considering more information of the complete resulting wavefield, full waveform inversion (FWI) promises a more accurate imaging. The method compares the measured signals with the results of the forward calculation of the scattered field of the source signals. The distribution of all three isotropic material parameters is iteratively adjusted to minimize the difference between the calculated and measured signals. By using a viable forward model, no limiting assumptions about wave propagation are necessary. Since the problem is ill-posed, regularization techniques are used for stabilization.

The paper explains the operation and possibilities of the model-based approach considering both synthetic and experimental measurement data. First results on idealized scatterer geometries in homogeneous and heterogeneous solids are presented. Beginning with synthetic measurement results for the identification of anomalies in the solid body, the method is then applied to laboratory experimental data in the ultrasonic frequency regime. In both cases the same concrete structure is adressed where a known inclusion made of extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) is representing the anomaly to be detected.


The use of pharmaceutical products such as Piracetam (Nootropil®) for the treatment of learning disabilities is becoming increasingly prevalent, and some studies have shown successful treatment of learning disabilities in children. This research article will discuss traditional uses of Piracetam, as well as uses in learning disabilities, with particular focus on case studies where it has been given to children with learning disabilities. Furthermore, we investigate how Piracetam could potentially enhance learning, with specific focus on brain areas. However, even though Piracetam may enhance learning, the question that arises is how safe it is at a cellular level. Therefore the effect of Piracetam at a cellular level was determined. To achieve this purpose the effect of a 24‐hour exposure to 0–70 mM Piracetam on the growth of the L929 cell line and chick embryonic neurons in vitro was investigated. No statistically significant changes in cell viability or number was observed at 0–7 mM Piracetam in both cell types, although at 70 mM cell viability in the L929 cell line was significantly reduced when compared with the control. Initial studies indicate that Piacetam is only toxic at concentrations greater than 70 mM; however, the effects of repeated dosages over long periods still need to be investigated.


Coupling of ion Bernstein waves (IBW) to tokamak plasma by mode conversion of the slow electron plasma wave was proposed as a technique to suppress turbulence with flow shear in advanced tokamaks [1]. The IBW experiment on the Frascati Tokamak Upgrade (FTU) [2] operates with a high frequency, f0=433 MHz, and utilises a waveguide antenna to couple IBW via slow wave. According to linear theory, the launched lower hybrid (LH) wave mode-converts into IBW near the cold LH resonant layer, located in the scrape-off plasma, at a Hydrogen


Increasing urbanization has highlighted the need for more green spaces in built-up areas, with considerable attention of vertical installations such as green walls and rooftop gardens. This study hypothesizes that the rooftop-garden-induced temperature reduction effects vary depending on the type of arrangements. Therefore, the objective of this study is to find the most efficient arrangement of the roof gardens for temperature reduction. This paper presents the results of a quantitative analysis of the temperature reduction effect of rooftop gardens installed on structures and sites on the campus of Seoul National University. An ENVI-Met simulation is utilized to analyze the effects of roads, buildings, green areas, and vacant land on temperature and humidity. The effects of the following five rooftop garden configurations were compared: extreme, linear (longitudinal), linear (transverse), checkerboard, and unrealized rooftop gardens. The extreme and linear (longitudinal) gardens achieved the maximum temperature reduction, −0.3 °C, while the lowest maximum reduction of −0.2 °C was achieved by the checkerboard pattern. Over larger areas, the greatest impact has been recorded in the mornings rather than in the afternoons. The results of this study will be useful for those planning and installing rooftop gardens at the district and city levels.


The currently used software can not conveniently output the parameters whenever needed on drilling sites,so,based on the calculation model of surge pressure,a mobile-version software was developed for the calculation of safe parameters in casing running by use of the mobile-version software development technology of J2ME and data transmission between the mobile users and the server.This mobile-version software takes the mobile users as the client end inputting the data and displaying the result,and the base-station computer as the server in charge of calculating and storing the data,thus the needed parameters in operation can be obtained under peculiar environment by remote data transmission technology.This software has not only explored a wide application area of mobile phones but provided a new method for data calculation and data transmission while computer can not be conveniently used under adverse circumstances.


Diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+HUS) is thought to result from endothelial cell damage following gastrointestinal infection with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) ([10][1]); Shiga toxin (Stx) is regarded as the main virulence factor causing these microangiopathic


This paper investigates the effects of choosing different values for mean effective pressure, inside cylinders of diesel engine, on engine dimensions at constant values of stroke length to bore diameter ratio in the preliminary design of diesel electric power stations. Five different values of this ratio are chosen ranging from 0.8 to 1.4. Dimensions are found against each value of mean effective pressure at a constant value of stroke length to bore diameter ratio. Finally, a comparison has been made and conclusions are drawn, based on this comparison, highlighting the selection of optimum values for mean effective pressure and stroke length to bore diameter ratio in the preliminary design of engines in a diesel electric power station.


Miletic, Aleksandra. 2018. Master's Thesis in Education. University of Jyväskylä. Department of Education. Using music in teaching Finnish as a second language. Master's Thesis in Education. University of Jyväskylä. Department of Education. The thesis describes a case study research carried out at the Language Centre at the University of Jyväskylä. The aim of the study was to discover the extent to which music is being used, as a teaching tool, among Finnish teachers who teach Finnish as an L2 for adults. This study also aims to explore how teachers use music as a teaching tool, and how their beliefs impact their teaching practices. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four teachers. The interviews with the teachers were recorded and they were analyzed using qualitative content analysis to answer the research questions. The research found that all study participants, to a certain extent, either use or have used music as a teaching tool in their classrooms. According to the teachers, they use music in several ways for different language teaching purposes. All teachers believe that music can have a positive impact on learners' memory and that it can be a motivation tool for learners.


This article reviews the fatigue behavior of graphite materials. The fatigue life of graphitic materials is estimated from their S-N curves,And the fatigue behavior of graphitic materials with pre -fabricated cracks is analysed from crack propagation. The results and main progress obtained till now are summarized, and the key problems existing in the fatigue investigations of graphitic materials are proposed. Finally, the research prospects of the fatigue properties of graphitic materials are highlighted.


Let A and C be nxl matrices, let B and D be nxm matrices and let d denote the determinant function. It is proved that and a necessary and sufficient condition for equality in (∗) is stated. Then a permanental analogue of (∗) is obtained and some particular cases of the deterrninantai and permanental inequalities are elaborated.


One of geological peculiarities in the Julian Alps is red pelagic limestone containing manganese nodules. They are encountered at several localities in the Bovec, Trenta and Krn area, occurring in some metres thick horizon of the Upper Liassic age. The nodule forms are disc-like attaining up to 12 cm in diameter. Mineral composition is characterized by pyrolusite, psilomelane, manganite and hausmannite. The shear of Mn in the nodules is low ranging from 0,8 % to 3,5 %. The Fe amount attains up to 1,7 %, in some samples, however, Fe exceeds Mn. At Mangart and at Begunj{~ica, Mn ore beds occur in a thinner horizon in a sequence of slate, radiolarite and crinoidal limestone. Herein, the amount of MnO reaches up to 60 %. GEOLOGIJA 49/1, 69–84, Ljubljana 2006


7503 Gene expression profiles reflect unique aspects of individual tumors and may characterize tumor heterogeneity in NSCLC. We used gene expression signatures that reflect the deregulation of majo...


The article investigates cognitive, cultural, legal and linguistic factors that influence the appearance and development of semantic variation of Anglo-American legal terms. The author studies the etymology of the language substratum and the history of the conceptual superstratum of terminological signs. The research reveals the significance of the axiological approach to the investigation of conceptualization and categorization of legal realia belonging to a certain legal culture and characteristic of a certain lingvo-legal community inhabiting a certain territory at a given historical period.


Santander's autopsy report, dated in 1840, has been published without any regard for the list of errata and controversial interpretations have been made. The necessary corrections are made and gross anatomic diagnoses are proposed along with a comment.


Our paper will cover both academic and technical development of the Graves Diary Project (1935-39). This project and this paper have been made possible by close collaboration between the editors and the programming staff at the University of Victoria Humanities Computing Centre.


Corporate social responsibility is nothing but an empty shell because of the deficiency of institutional environment. The implementation of corporate social responsibility needs constraints from internal and external mechanisms. Corporate governance is the internal mechanism which can promote the enterprises to implement their social responsibility, while the external legal regulation could supervise the implementation of their social responsibility and also could set up corresponding accountability mechanism for their illegal behaviors, therefore corporate sustainable development could be possible. This essay analyzed general current situation that enterprises' CSR report content is inconsistent with the practical implementation, analyzed the relationship among CSR, legal mechanism and sustainable development, and also clarified the idea of CSR's new development trend in China.


This section is about Article 8 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights dealing with Freedom of Conscience and Religion.


Many objects have clear contour and texture in the high spatial resolution satellite stereo pair. Due to the elevation differences in many objects, and the existence of building shades, and the similar objects, and so on, the extraction of corresponding feature points from the high spatial resolution satellite stereo pair is difficult, which leads to a rough disparity map. Aiming at the problem, the graph cuts algorithm, which has a successful application in the computer vision field, was introduced and improved for the stereo matching. The core problem of stereo matching is to compute the optimal disparity value. Based on this rule, the graph cuts constructs the global energy function by using the disparity value of all the pixels, and transforms the problem of stereo matching to the problem of minimization of the global energy function. However, there are two problems existing in the process of stereo matching by using the traditional graph cuts for the high-resolution satellite stereo pair. The first one is that the time complexity is high; the other one is that the disparity map has a lower precision. Aiming to the aforementioned two problems, the graph cuts algorithm was improved. The improved graph cuts constructed the network and energy function based on the epipolar images, which not only lowered the time complexity, but also improved the matching precision. Based on the improved graph cuts algorithm, the global energy function was minimized, and then the minimum cut was solved and the accurate disparity map was obtained. The EROS-B satellite stereo pair was used for the experiment. Based on the equal distribution rule, 25 control points were selected for the precision check. The true disparity map was computed and compared with the disparity map created by the improved graph cuts stereo matching algorithm. By comparison and analysis on the results, two conclusions were obtained. First, compared with the traditional graph cuts algorithm, the improved graph cuts algorithm had a higher precision and an obviously lower time complexity. Second, compared with the traditional stereo matching algorithm based on the correlation coefficient, the time complexity of the improved graph cuts algorithm was a little higher, but the precision of the improved graph cuts algorithm was evidently high. This research can provide a basis for the construction of the precise digital elevation model based on the satellite stereo pair.


Non-Gaussian L\'evy noises are present in many models for understanding underlining principles of physics, finance, biology and more. In this work, we consider the Fokker-Planck equation(FPE) due to one-dimensional asymmetric L\'evy motion, which is a nonlocal partial differential equation. We present an accurate numerical quadrature for the singular integrals in the nonlocal FPE and develop a fast summation method to reduce the order of the complexity from $O(J^2)$ to $O(J\log J)$ in one time-step, where $J$ is the number of unknowns. We also provide conditions under which the numerical schemes satisfy maximum principle. Our numerical method is validated by comparing with exact solutions for special cases. We also discuss the properties of the probability density functions and the effects of various factors on the solutions, including the stability index, the skewness parameter, the drift term, the Gaussian and non-Gaussian noises and the domain size.


The room and pillar upward horizontal sublevel filling method is adopted in the deep ore body of Chambishi Copper Mine,the large exposed area of mine roof and developing joints of surrounding rock in the hanging wall led to serious roof collapse and ore dilution.Thus,the prestress anchorage technology with long anchor cable was put forward to control the stability of roof.The support mechanism,parameter,and construction process was introduced.Practice application shows that long anchor cable reinforcement technique can control effectively the collapse of mine roof in conjunction with the bolt and steel strip,which is a reference to similar mine.


In this work we explore the composition space of the Ovonic Threshold Switch (OTS) selector device based on Si-Ge-As-Te material system. Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) co-sputtering capabilities enabled the tuning of the As/Te ratio, Ge and Si content to increase the crystallization temperature TX>450°C. Guided by ab initio calculations, we optimize the composition and achieve stable endurance characteristics of more than 1011 cycles on 65nm devices fabricated on 300mm wafers. Finally, we propose a switching model that can predict the statistical distribution of the threshold voltage (VTH), explaining VTH drift and time-dependent instabilities.


In the last few years, Palgrave (formally Macmillan) has produced several volumes of interest to readers of Media History, and these two should also appeal, though each to rather different segments of this periodical's market. The difference between them lies mainly in where they anchor their objects of study: in Law's case the 'meaning' of the text lies very Ž rmly in the text's production, its costs and dissemination—it will therefore appeal mainly to that segment which stresses the 'hard' history in 'Media History'; in Wynne's case the signiŽ cance of the text is created primarily by the consumer or reader through connections with speciŽ c other texts (a practice she calls 'intertextuality')—which will attract the 'literary' or 'media' type. Wynne's major contention is that we need to read texts in their original publishing formats as serials in magazines. Her examples are all well-known 1860s' sensation novels likely to be found on undergraduat e Victorian literature courses. Thus Great Expectations, Wilkie Collins's The Woman in White and No Name, and Charles Reade's Very Hard Cash are replaced into All the Year Round, Mrs Henry Wood's East Lynne into the New Monthly (where, fascinatingly, it rubs shoulders and meanings with one of Ouida's earliest efforts), Braddon's Eleanor's Victory into Once a Week and Collins's Armadale into the Cornhill. Placing in original publishing contexts means for Wynne connecting these serials to other material published in the appropriate magazines at the same time. While I do think this is a worthwhile project in so far as we owe a debt to the otherness, such insistent stress on the synchronic tends to wear thin after a while. After a couple of chapters we know what the procedure will be and feel we could do it ourselves did we have the time. In other words, her idea that 'Periodicals exist as sites of simultaneity' (p. 20) begs to be turned from a more or less set methodology into a self-aware and self-critical theory that perpetually auto-critiques itself and moves on. What about the importance of the diachronic for the formation of horizons of expectation, for instance? Don't we read not only across a periodical (i.e. synchronically , within issues) but through it (identifying narrative and other patterns over long swathes of time and vast numbers of issues, forming an archive or storehouse of models whose interaction with and constant modiŽ cation of individual texts create the effect that is 'meaning')? And which has priority—reading across or through? When and where and for whom might 'across' be more important than 'through' and vice versa? Then what of questions of emphasis and affect (central to the idea of sensation after all)? Even though an article may logically be read in conjunction with another piece of writing within a magazine, what about that extremely alarming item that appeared in the newspaper the same week—might not that have a greater effect on what meanings we give to an episode of a novel than the obvious but tame article right next to it? While it would be extremely unfair to imply that Wynne is in exible in her intra-periodical synchronicit y or that she does not address these questions at all, I would have welcomed further explicit theorization and experimentation along these lines. That said, Wynne offers us an excellent synthetic initial chapter that, while offering nothing really new, would provide a good introduction to sensation Ž ction for undergraduates . There are also many interesting points raised by her methodology, amongst which I may mention the ambiguity of Fosco's treatment of Marian's fever in The Woman in White. I had always read his insistence that she be treated with 'alcohol, ammonia and quinine' as a clear signal that he wants to do away with her at this point. But through an article called 'The Breath of Life' in the very same number of All the Year Round in which Fosco's therapy begins, Wynne indicates that his ideas really did comprise the latest medical thinking. Although Wynne does not state this, Fosco's treatment therefore coincides with his attraction to Marian that is elsewhere more obvious. Such a new understanding caused by reading synchronousl y ties in very well with the notion, which appears in several forms over the book, of 'literary red herrings', that is, where reading across an issue can encourage


SUBTITLE: HAVING GAINED SOME IMPORTANT EXPERIENCE IN ADMINISTERING ITS SAFETY OVERSIGHT PROGRAMME, ICAO IS NOW EXAMINING WAYS TO IMPROVE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SAFETY-RELATED SARPS AND THE PROGRAMME AS A WHOLE.


Yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis L.) is a legume species that can be widely used as a forage crop worldwide (Ehlert, 2020). Yellow sweet clover is one of the most common species in the Melilotus genus. These species have adapted to environmental constraints such as drought, cold and salinity (Turkington et al., 1978; Al Sherif, 2009). Yellow sweet clover is used as a ground cover in depleted soils (Allen and Allen, 1981), especially in moderately saline areas where traditional forage legumes cannot be grown (Luo et al., 2014). Yellow sweet clover develops a root system during the first season, and then produces flowers and seeds during the second season. Second-year yellow sweet clover may appear bushy and reach a height of 1.2–2 m (Klebesadel, 1992; Luo et al., 2014; Cornara et al., 2016). Yellow sweet clover ABSTRACT. Yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis L.) is a legume species, widely used as a forage crop for herbivores. This study aimed to research the nutritional compositions of herbage and silage M. officinalis at vegetative, early flowering and full flowering stages. The crude protein (CP) and ash contents of M. officinalis herbages and silages in vegetative and early flowering stages were higher than those in the full flowering stage (P < 0.05). The linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid percentages in total fatty acids of M. officinalis herbages in vegetative and early flowering stages were greater than those in full flowering stage (P < 0.05). The neutral and acid detergent fibres without ash contents of  M. officinalis herbages and silages at the full flowering stage were higher than those of vegetative and early flowering ones (P < 0.05). The malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (1.12–1.67 g/kg DM) of silages were higher than those (0.38–0.48 g/kg DM) of herbages. The in vitro gas production, metabolizable energy, net energy for lactation and organic matter digestibility values and the molarities of volatile acids in fermentation fluid of M. officinalis herbages were similar for all phenological stages (P > 0.05). The lactic acid contents of silages at vegetative and early flowering stages were higher than that of the full flowering one (P < 0.05). The linoleic acid contents of forages were negatively correlated with MDA forage content (P < 0.05). Consequently, the values of CP, alpha-linolenic acid and in vitro digestion for herbage, and the nutrient matter compositions of silage, in especially vegetative and early flowering stages, were at non-objectionable levels for quality forage. So, it is suggested that M. officinalis can be used as a good quality silage. Received: 8 February 2021 Revised: 27 April 2021 Accepted: 5 May 2021


We establish a formal bridge between qubit-based and photonic quantum computing. We do this by defining a functor from the ZX calculus to linear optical circuits. In the process we provide a compositional theory of quantum linear optics which allows to reason about events involving multiple photons such as those required to perform linear-optical and fusion-based quantum computing.


The performance of direct force control approaches for robotic tasks depends on the accuracy of environment model parameters. A mismatch between real and nominal environment parameters degrades the system response, being a critical problem for precise contact tasks. Adaptive control can tackle this problem based on online contact parameters estimation. In this paper, we develop an algorithm for online stiffness estimation relying on force data, only. No position information is necessary. Our algorithm - the Candidate OBserver Algorithm (COBA) - uses two observers with different candidate stiffnesses to infer the correct system stiffness. Theoretical analysis and experimental results are presented.


I present an argument for the use of counterfactuals as a means of uncovering complex causation. The concept of causal-counterfactuals is introduced and discussed. I proceed by explaining the two analytical benefits of a causal-counterfactual re-opening of the past: 1. To establish why leaders arrived at given choices over others, and to investigate the causal links between said choices and outcomes in the international system; 2. To test the relative influence of agency, structure and contingency on the international system. The mode of counterfactual reasoning presented here partially overlaps with neopositivist understandings of causal analysis, but is shown to provide a superior basis for the study of complexity in the international system. It is suggested that this has positive ramifications for the utility of counterfactual analyses to policymakers. Preliminary findings that this methodological approach has yielded regarding our understanding of the end of the Cold War are briefly presented.


TheProcessofHealthSectorReforminChile,�whichiscurrentlybeingimplemented,�ismainlybasedinthe� need for consolidating political functions of control in the figure of the "Health Authority". From an interdisciplinary point of view, and framed by medical anthropology, this paper proposes a critical reflection on the eventual concentration of power in the figure of "Health Authority" which is featured by political, rather than technical decisions. This paper reflects on the consequences of this concentration of power, in particular its possible effectsonpoliticalmanipulationbythoseactingasHealthAuthoritiesbecauseofthemediavisibilityofthat� role. At the same time, this paper reflects on the need for distributing power within society as a solution for the concentrationofpoliticalpowerintheStateHealthSystem.�


ZHANG Ailing claims to be worldly herself. Thus,her prose keeps close to secular life either in choice of themes or in pursuit of aesthetic .However ,her profound wisdom and reflections on life enable her prose to transcend worldliness and commonness. From time to time readers are greatly inspired by her writing which demonstrates her philosophical depth. This paper intends to summarize aesthetic features of ZHANG Ailing's prose and analyze the formations of her unique style from the perspective of the age and the writer.


Abstract : A certificate was issued for a 'dry' -calorimeter-type power measuring device for the millimeter waveband. The device consists of two thin-wall waveguide sections (with thermostatic control) and thermoelements which are placed on the surfaces of the waveguide sections. Graphite absorbing cells with electroheating elements are connected to the waveguide sections. To increase the sensitivity of the calorimeter, the thermoelements are made from thermoresistive microwire which is wound over the waveguide sections. The section windings are connected to the arms of an a-c bridge.