In spite of the barriers ahead of women in their various endeavours in life, especially with education, they still constitute an invaluable and tangible resource for overall nation and international development. The paper will discuss the potentialities and the known barriers confronting the modern day leadership of women in open learning across Africa. This paper will discuss the preponderance of men and how this can be abated with adoption of gender oriented perspectives. (G.O.P). The second part will explores the substantial differences between women and men, using data collected in some African countries to juxtapose the achievements recorded by some notable women leaders, and how their experiences helped them to overcome the challenges and rigors in distance learning. The concluding aspects examine a cursory analysis of the transformational styles. African women educationists and leaders are adopting in public life, signing off with contemporary perceptions of marginalization in societies, and how these provide opportunities. PERSPECTIVES It is indeed a fact, that the issues arising from challenges of women marginalization in distance and open learning have probably assumed a critical status and is most frequently been talked about not only in international, but also at national and regional conferences and platforms. Hence, tongues have continued to wag worldwide as more people express concern about the welfare of women visavis that of men. The initial premise attractions were the increasingly technologized teaching and learning environment of higher education. This raised concerns and argument as to whether fresh pedagogical understandings are needed to inform thinking about instructional design, if distance learning is to yield any meaningful and sustainable results to support women, especially in developing countries of Africa Inspite of these barriers ahead of women, they still constitute invaluable and tangible resources significant in open and distance learning (ODL) and for overall national and international development. This paper examines the varying penalties and identified barriers confronting the modern day leadership of women in open learning across Africa and discusses the preponderance on men and how this can be abated by the adoption of genderoriented perspective (G.O.P) This paper essentially focuses on the substantial differences between women and men, juxtaposing with research data, achievements recorded by some notable women leaders; their experiences and how they manage the rigours in open learning to adopt transformational styles in public life. The paper roundedoff with a cursory analysis of contemporary perceptions of marginalization in African societies and how it provides opportunities for women. INTRODUCTION It is known fact, that there are ample evidences from research that in pre –colonial times, the public and domestic domain in African societies were not as rigidly delineated as they had become in the nation states of industrialized western world. There was considerable overlapping between domestic and public spheres in the traditional societies. The capitalist system, which African countries acquired in the colonial era seriously, affected the status of women in the society because; women were seriously disadvantaged from entering the changing new labour market. In the pre –industrial societies, women had influence, power and authority. Status was not a vertical male female divide. The emphasis translate from Victorian societies that the women's place was only in the kitchen reduced the influence of women and therefore her status in public affairs. Since then the quest for gender equality in open learning has consistently attracted attention and provoked debates of vigorous academic discourses. Over the past 15 to 20 years for instance, the quest has been catapulted to incredible heights and has assumed an overwhelming dimension, and in fact, promoted to a recognized academic exercise. This might not be unconnected to the fact that women, the victims of the skewed gender structure in the world system have reached a critical threshold and are challenging rigorously technological and religious beliefs, traditional myths, reactionary sexist notions, anthropological theories that defines humanity in terms of men's experience. Such views have not only structured our societies to be male – dominated, male – centred, thereby treating women as appendages of men and not as separate, autonomous human beings that are anointed to co – exist with men, according to a code of conduct that treats both as equals. While it becomes more imperative to use communication technologies to increase learners' access, the question "access to what?" should be addressed in all of its complexity especially as it relates to women. A disparate terrain of new literature about teaching and learning, technology and corporeality has brought fresh perspectives to bear on the nature and prospects of pedagogical work from women. Even then, such literatures are rarely brought together; researches around these ambits only work across aspects of learning theory, critical theory and poststructuralism to explore the question "access to what?" In so doing, important questions, again are raised about the embodied nature of teaching and learning and the potential of both 'embodied' and 'disembodied' teaching, to produce counter marginalization. My argument is that all decisions about the appropriateness of particular pedagogical practice must engage with such question considering the women angle Thus, this paper projects to analyse the inherent marginalization of women; to empowering them to compete better and enhance their place and roles in society. Although, it's obvious fact, that this is indeed an enormous task, considering the question of, how to balance the narratives about marginalization. One may be tempted to ask, why must the methods traditionally used to marginalize women include malecentred interpretations of culture and religion? What best practice can we use to reduce or eradicate 'zoning out' of strong and intelligent female members of the society? And lots more. WOMEN, GENDER INEQUALITY AND MARGINALIZATION It seem trite to state, men constitute the first and underlying cause of gender (and perhaps every other form of) inequality. But it is a fact that people do not consciously make decisions, which put them in disadvantaged situations. The male, seemingly advantaged with a physical build that shows brawn and therefore, more physical strength than the women, has played a dominant role in the family, society and in his relationship with female. But, at what point did women begin to think that superior physical capability of the male also meant superior intellectual powers or superior intelligence? Did it follow from the male physical ability to fend and protect in times of danger, as well as female physical slowness and clumsiness during pregnancy? Was the physical dominance of the male then extended and translated into all areas of domination with regard to decision making in matters – social, cultural, economic and intellectual? While all this questions are not for us to answer here, the fact remains that it has become the prevailing custom in many societies that the male, gradually but determinedly acquired and retired decision within the family and other institutions of the society. Making decisions in such private and public matters definitely translates into holding and retaining the power to control most affairs. And little surprise, such decision of cause, would always be more beneficial to the male! It would be useful at this point to examine those infringements that negatively affect women's access, rights and succinctly promotes marginalization in learning as it is. Most African societies are part and parcel of the world patriarchal structure which values men than women. In most communities, women are treated as properties. They are to be bought by their male counterparts through the payment of what is known as the "brideprice". The amount of price varies from one culture to the other. In almost all however, no matter how small the amount is, it is a significant determinant of who owns who. In most African societies, there is a growing discriminatory employment practice that are based on sex and which favours the male. That is why a male teacher or secretary is more likely to find employment faster than a female teacher or secretary. Often in her quest for employment, maternity leave, child bearing and child caring needs are cited in discriminating against the women. And this has serious adverse effects on their access and opportunities to learning and education. Many institutions in Africa today, still make decision on welfare practices and education based on needs of the young male. Profiles of many institutions also show a preponderance of unskilled (or at most, semiskilled) female staff and a gross under-population of female academics, or executives in decision making positions. Equally frustrating, women encounter this unprecedented unequal opportunities in accessing funds or scholarships when young males and females need to seek support especially to finance education in distance learning situations, which is becoming popular in under-developed and developing nations of Africa. On one hand, most economic activities in which women are engaged are non-monetized. On the other, there are still lack of access to financial resources due to insufficient understanding and lack of information on the ways and means of obtaining scholarship and supports. One obstructing fact is that, no matter how educated, women do not belong to the Boys/Men's clubs. In the so-called "Boys/Men's clubs" social groupings, that are exclusively male, information is freely given and decisions reached. Such decisions agreed on exclude women. They indirectly encourage male chauvinism by giving undue economic, political


This paper documents service responses to a small group of men with intellectual disabilities whose sexual behaviour was considered to be unacceptable or abusive. The data were gathered through a small-scale action research project using case studies to explore current practice and staff attitudes. Service responses were hindered by unclear definitions of abusive sexual behaviour and inconsistent perceptions of risk and they were characterised by poor coordination, lack of specific care-planning, failure to agree to appropriate additional supervisory measures and lack of clarity within and between agencies. The purchaser/provider split did not function to enhance accountability or facilitate monitoring of interventions but seemed in some cases to exacerbate misunderstanding and 'buck-passing'. Complex ethical and advocacy issues remained unaddressed in these men's lives as did the necessity of protecting vulnerable people who might be potential victims of their behaviour.


In this paper martingale properties of a Measure Branching process are investigated. Uniqueness and continuity of this process are proven by a martingale approach. For the existence, we approximate the measure branching process by a sequence of infinite particle branching diffusion processes, and show the convergence in distribution by a new criterion for measure‐valued processes. We also give properties about local structure of the process.


This paper examines the evolving representations of whiteness in Bollywood film through an exploration of the figure of the gori, or white woman. Coded as both essentially Other and desirable, this figure manifests Bollywood's ambivalent relationship with whiteness, particularly as the industry attempts to formulate a sense of "Indianness" for diasporic audiences whose growth, in turn, parallels the increasing Westernization of the Indian heroine. This paper analyzes the framing of whiteness in popular Indian cinema from the 1930s to the present and explores how recent renderings of the gori figure are indiciative of Bollywood's shifting cultural politics.


Leptin is an adipocyte‐derived hormone that acts on the hypothalamus to influence feeding, metabolism and reproduction, but the cellular and molecular targets for the action of leptin in the brain have yet to be fully elucidated. Kisspeptins are encoded by the Kiss1 gene, which is expressed in the hypothalamus and has been implicated in the neuroendocrine regulation of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone secretion. We tested the hypothesis that kisspeptin‐expressing neurones are targets for leptin. First, we examined whether leptin regulates the expression of Kiss1 by comparing levels of KiSS‐1 mRNA in the arcuate nucleus among groups of mice having different circulating levels of leptin: (i) wild‐type (WT); (ii) leptin‐deficient ob/ob; and (iii) ob/ob mice treated with leptin. All mice were castrated to control for endogenous concentrations of gonadal steroids. KiSS‐1 mRNA was significantly reduced in ob/ob compared to WT mice and levels of KiSS‐1 mRNA in ob/ob mice treated with leptin were increased, but not fully restored to that found in WT animals. Second, we performed double‐label in situ hybridisation for KiSS‐1 mRNA and the leptin receptor (Ob‐Rb) mRNA and found that almost one‐half (approximately 40%) of KiSS‐1 mRNA‐expressing cells in the arcuate nucleus expressed Ob‐Rb mRNA. These results demonstrate that KiSS‐1 neurones are direct targets for regulation by leptin and suggest that the reproductive deficits associated with leptin‐deficient states may be attributable, in part, to diminished expression of Kiss1.


We propose an input interface circuit that can provide input signals for the emerging all spin logic (ASL) devices. It consists of metal wires that are used for the transmission of electrical signals and magnetic tunnel junction that are used to transform electrical signals into input signals of ASL devices. The operation of input interface is validated by using a coupled spin-transport/magneto-dynamics model. A salient advantage of the proposed input interface is its ability to shorten the length of spin channel for spin transmission and avoid the complex fan-out structure when multiple identical input signals are needed. This input interface is especially useful for the design of large scale ASL circuits, in which many identical units are needed.


CORPORAL PUNISHMENT AND ITS RELATION TO RACE, PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING, AND PARENTAL RELATIONSHIP Michelle P. Kravitz Old Dominion University, 2005 Director: Michelle L. Kelley Previous research has documented the numerous negative effects associated with corporal punishment (Gershoff, 2002). The present study examined whether experiencing corporal punishment as a child is related to one's perception of the legitimacy of corporal punishment, race, the nature of the parent-child relationship (i.e., biological parent versus step-parent), and psychological well-being. Compared to college students who did not experience corporal punishment during childhood, college students who experienced higher levels of corporal punishment are expected to report that corporal punishment is a more acceptable form of discipline. College students who grew up with a stepfather were expected to be more likely to report having received corporal punishment as a disciplinary technique during childhood than were biological parents. African-American college students were expected to report higher levels of corporal punishment than were European-American college students. An interaction was expected such that European-American students who reported high levels of corporal punishment would report more depressive symptoms and psychological adjustment difficulties than would European-American students who experienced lower levels of corporal punishment during childhood or African-American college students who reported higher or lower levels of corporal punishment. College students who received corporal punishment as children believed that corporal punishment was a more acceptable form of Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. punishment than college students who were not spanked as children. Results of the other hypotheses were not significant. That is, after controlling for paternal education and family income, African-American college students were not more likely to report having received corporal punishment as children. In addition, individuals who lived with their biological mothers and a stepfather during the majority of childhood were not more likely to have received corporal punishment. Finally, experiencing corporal punishment as a child was not a significant predictor of psychological well-being for college students. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.


Cynics (realists) among both the Tuareg and others of the local populace of Algeria's extreme south, that is the wilayaf of Tamanrasset and Illizi, say that the region has only two industries, tourism and smuggling (banditry), and that the latter is doing the better of the two. Until March 2003, these two 'industries' were neither mutually exclusive nor in competition with each other. On the contrary, the redevelopment of tourism in the Algerian Sahara over the last four years, from the autumn of 1999 to the spring of 2003, following the effective closure of the Algerian Sahara in the wake of the violence that engulfed Algeria after the army's annulment of the 1992 general election, was more or less oblivious of and inconsequential to the expansion of the trans-Saharan smuggling business over this same period. During the course of this three-four year period, the main issue for many of the Tuareg involved in the tourism business has been the struggle between the increasing number of them who fear an imminent environmental catastrophe throughout much of the Central Sahara and the various and predominantly external interests that have wanted to expand the tourism business regardless of its impact on the environment and the region's rich cultural heritage. The former, whom I refer to as the 'environmentalists', are struggling to develop an alternative and more environmentally sustainable form of tourism. This struggle, which I shall describe and analyse in detail presently, is what I once described as the 'the last significant battle of the Central Sahara' ? If this article had been written a few months earlier, it would have described the political ascendancy of the 'environmentalists' in what might have been the determining moment in this struggle, namely their highly successful intervention in a government-organised conference in Djanet in March 2003. Four months further on (July 2003), following the kidnapping of 32 tourists in the wilayat of Tamanrasset and Illizi, both tourism and smuggling, as well as the role and effectiveness of 'the state' in the Central Sahara, and in the Algerian Sahara especially, are in a state of crisis. But this is a crisis that presents the Tuareg, along with other elements of the local populace, with


This paper gives a general survey of the methods of contamination control related to assembled printed circuits. Particular emphasis is given to those aspects of the subject which are currently in a state of change because of environmental difficulties, notably those due to the curtailment of use of chlorofluorocarbon solvents.


A tracking mechanism for a fixed focus solar concentrator is presented. A collector of this kind is very applicable for small groups everywhere. An approximately 2 kW model is mounted on a trailer and can be moved anywhere from Canada to Mexico and be operable within half an hour. With the focal point being located within three feet of the ground on the working model it is quite accessible and easily shielded from subsequent heat loss. Included are the criteria affecting design, design, working model construction, working model test results, and future thoughts.


Objective:Microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3(MAP1LC3,for short LC3)is the first identified autophagosome membrane protein.In this paper,the human LC3 gene was cloned and the Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic recombinant vectors were constructed for further research.Method:The human LC3 gene was cloned from esophagus cancer cell 9706 with RT-PCR and then the pET-32a-LC3 and pEGFP-N3-LC3 recombinant plasmid vectors were constructed.The pET32a-LC3 plasmid was induced by IPTG(1mmol/L)in E.coli cells,while the pEGFP-N3-LC3 plasmid DNA was transiently transfected into the A549 lung cancer cells and one fish cell line(Epithelioma papulosum cyprinid,EPC)cells,respectively.Result:The LC3 protein was expressed in pET32a-LC3 transformed E.coli cells.Fluorescent microscope examination showed that fluorescent signals could be detected in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of tranfected cells after 36 hours.Conclusion:The LC3 recombinant expression vectors were established,which would provide a good cell research model for future vertebrate cell autophagy mechanisms and biological processes.


The article deals with intra- and extralinguistic conditions of language means variation in the initial stage of German literary norm codification. The author suggests the typology of language variants and their functional specifics based on Thomas Muentzer's sermons and manifestos.Ключевые слова: вариативность, диапазон варьирования, норма, нормализационные про


Urban studies need theoretical approaches. The article reviewed criteria for such approaches' selection. Selected approaches greatly emphasize the entrepreneurship contribution to public goods' provision, specifically, in the field of urban traffic. The barriers for solving of urban traffic problems were identified due to these approaches supplemented supplies with comparative historical method. The principles of such problems' solving were offered.


The present invention relates to devices such as a solar cell module to provide a mounting device of the equipment in Stephen with a roof for mounting on the roof. And A support fitting 2 is installed across Stephen roof, the fixing bracket 3 to clamped to Stephen, consisting mounting device 4 for attaching the device to the upper portion of the support bracket. Support fitting 2 includes a base plate portion 5 across the Stephen above the Stephen, a pair of leg plate portions 6 provided vertically from both sides of the base plate portion, has opened the operating window to each leg plate portions . Fixing bracket 3 has a pair of clamping brackets 12L facing the right and left Stephen while being stored between the leg plate portions 6, and 12R, the connecting bolt 13 for connecting the lower the clamping bracket to the base plate portion, consists fastening bolt 14 and fastening nut 15. to clamped to Stephen by tightening a pair of clamping brackets, stores the fixed bracket 3 between a pair of leg plate portions 6, stand by connecting bolts 13 in the connected state the plate portion 5, tightening the fastening bolts 14 and the fastening nut 15 via the operation window. .FIELD 1


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The article is focused on the history of psychology from a perspective of its paradigm shifts. Based on the transspective analysis, the author identifies the grounds for progressive development of the psychological science as an open self-organizing theoretical system. The transspective analysis is also considered a methodological tool for studying self-organizing psychological systems. It is asserted that modern psychology is moving toward a post-non-classical paradigm within the framework of which psyche and consciousness acquire a new explanation.


Abstract
In an effort to better model clinical expertese variety of medical decision systems have incorporated approaches based in probability theory. The accuracy of these systems is reduced by the difficulty of assigning values to the associations between clinical data and diagnoses. These values, typically prior and conditional probabilities, have proven difficult for experts to estimate consistently. However, the continued growth and increasing scope of medical information systems invites the extraction of these statistical parameters from the large clinical data bases that they produce. We describe a computerized tool for finding the statistics needed for decision support in the HELP system. This tool, called Veristat, functions in the context of a modular decision system designed to update probabilities using a Bayesian approach. It examines the decision logic incorporated into this system and creates search procedures which extract the required statistics from large patient data bases.


A set of shuttle training aircrafts (STAs) are used by NASA to train astronaut pilots to land the space shuttle after returning from orbit. The STA simulates the dynamics of the much larger and heavier space shuttle with the help of some hardware and software modifications. We present a STA controller that tracks the shuttle pitch trajectory. Our control system includes a feedforward controller based on zero phase error tracking control and a fuzzy proportional derivative (PD) feedback controller. Test results on a ground hardware simulator used at the Ellington Field of NASA Johnson Space Center show that the new controller significantly reduces pitch following errors between the shuttle and the STA, when compared to the existing controller.


An attempt was made to prepare the food yeast by utilizing the by-products in the processes of manufacturing alginic acid from brown seaweeds (Eckeloria cava KJELLMAN). 1) For the extraction of sugary substances in the process of treatment with dilute acid, both the submerged method with 0.6_??_0.8% sulfuric acid for 24 hrs. and the shaking method with 0.4_??_0.6% acid for 2 hrs, were found to be highly efficient. 2) The other by-products, the residue of alkali extraction and the filtrate of alginic acid-precipita-tion, were of no value for the preparation of yeast. 3) The assimilability of mannit of Candida sp. No. 2 was not promoted by the addition of glucose, peptone, asparagine and ammonium sulfate, but a slight effect was observed when phosphate was added. 4) "Acid-soluble alkali-insoluble substances" in the acid-extracts of the seaweed disturbed V. B1 extraction from rice bran due to the formation of turbid matter, but V. B1 could be effectively extracted after the removal of the turbid matter and the subsequent adjustment of pH. 5) Using the medium treated as mentioned in 4), about 9g of the dry yeast containing V. B150 γ/g was obtained from 100g of the seaweed.


A 2D digital spectrometer for coincidence measurement of Doppler broadening of positron annihilation radiation is developed and tested. The spectrometer is based on a 14-bit waveform digitizer which gives the possibility of fast and direct sampling of the preamplifier signals of the HPGe detectors and preserves the information required by the physics of Doppler broadening spectroscopy. Some features of the digital spectrometer are compared with its analog counterpart. Superior energy resolution, better peak symmetry, effective elimination of ballistic deficit and better stabilization of peak position are the advantages of the digital spectrometer. The performance of the digital spectrometer to support the CDBS experiment is tested by investigation on the electronic structure of some elements at 1st series of transition metals. The results show that the spectrometer is sensitive enough to distinguish the electronic structure of 3d metals differing a little in their valance band configuration.


Cooperatives must build and develop partnership cooperation to survive in freemarket competition and economic globalization, both between cooperatives and other forms of business entities. In addition to maintaining its survival, cooperatives need to strengthen their existence and position in the national economic structure as the cornerstone of the Indonesian economy. Conceptually, a market that can run perfectly is the ideal way to achieve normative goals, namely, the people's prosperity. This phenomenon is worth studying given the legal role in building cooperatives and how cooperatives can offer the community's prosperity. This study uses normative juridical research by applying descriptive analysis. After the data were collected, they were analyzed using a qualitative juridical method. The law imposed in the developing country is centralized because it is closely related to its primary function, that is, to determine the direction of its people's future development. There are three economic actors in Indonesia: cooperatives, state-owned companies (BUMN/SEO), and private companies. In this case, the law must play a role in establishing the togetherness or partnership of the three economic actors. In other words, the regulation needs to show the economic actors' direction. It is where the law is expected to play a role in eliminating inequalities through partnerships.


In this paper, the labour supply of married women in Poland is studied using the Polish Labour Force Survey of February 1993 on three competing econometric models, viz. Tobit, Three Regime Tobit and Heckit. It is shown that the choice of model has an influence on conclusions drawn. In particular, the Tobit model - which has been widely applied in empirical labour supply analysis - turns out to be a strikingly bad predictor. Further, there is disagreement between the models regarding the wage elasticity of hours supplied. The preferred model for predicting hours of work is the Heckit model. This shows that an increase in the wage rate will induce employees to reduce their number of hours worked. On the other hand, more women will join the labour market after a rise in the wage. The regression models support the common view that young wives, those who have been unemployed before, or those who have low educational attainments are ceteris paribus much more excluded from effective labour supply than the average person. In addition, wives with young children tend to have both lower participation rates and work shorter hours. The exclusion of a large part of especially the young female population from the labour market may have serious economic costs to Poland because part of its potentially most dynamic human capital is left untrained and unemployed.


In this dissertation the author considered the design of bit - level systolic arrays where the basic computational unit consists of a simple one - bit logic unit, so that the systolic process is carried out at the level of individual bits. In order to pursue the foregoing research, several areas have been studied. First, the concept of systolic processing has been investigated. Several important algorithms were investigated and put into systolic form using graph-theoretic methods. The bit-level, word-level and block-level systolic arrays which have been designed for these algorithms exhibit linear speedup with respect to the number of processors and exhibit efficiency close to 100%, even with low interprocessor communication bandwidth. Block-level systolic arrays deal with blocks of data with block-level operations and communications. Block-level systolic arrays improve cell efficiency and are more efficient than their word-level counterparts. A comparison of bit-level, word-level and block-level systolic arrays was performed. In order to verify the foregoing theory and analysis a systolic processor called the SPRINT was developed to provide and environment where bit-level, word-level and block-level systolic algorithms could be confirmed by direct implementation rather than by computer simulation. The SPRINT is a supercomputer class, 64-element multiprocessor with a reconfigurablemore » interconnection network. The theory has been confirmed by the execution on the SPRINT of the bit-level, word-level, and block-level systolic algorithms presented in the dissertation.« less


Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) of Smart dust motes are becoming increasingly effective in environmental monitoring applications. In some applications, data gathered via WSN are only useful when combined with individual mote positions and time-stamps; if the motes are not static, it is important to find methods for their 3D location estimation from available RSSI signal data. Usually termed 'Localisation', this problem is made more complex when the positions of the motes are subject to external forces. Here we extend our previous work on solving this problem with evolutionary algorithms; we experiment with 'geometric-awareness' operators that constrain the positions a WSN mote can occupy to those that have a better probability of maximally contributing to the chromosome fitness. A hybrid comprising the specialised and standard operators is also tested. We conclude that this research direction offers a viable basis for a heuristically directed evolutionary system capable of suitably accurate 3D localisation, thus increasing the possibilities for viable WSN applications.


Evidence is presented concerning the development of performance among 162 nonhandicapped and 128 Down Syndrome children on (a) a simple visual matching task, (b) a simple visual memory task, and (c) the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Particular attention is drawn to(i) the essentially linear nature of the relationships of performance on the different tasks both between each other, and with chronological age, and (ii) similarity of the pattern of visual perceptual development of nonhandicapped and Down Syndrome children, matched for mental age, over the M.A. range 2 to 7 years.


1,2-Diphenyl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole( PPI),as a model compound for PI-based compound in optoelectronic researches,exhibits good deep-blue emission with high color purity in solid,but has too bad thermal ability to apply as an emitter because its film would break under annealing. Based on the structure-property relationship of PI block,the newborn structure ONBPPI was prepared and confirmed by NMR spectra. It had the same substituted group at C2-position to PPI,and was introduced the ether linkage at N1-phenyl which was different to PPI at N1-position. The analysis of TGA and DSC showed that the thermal ability was enhanced accompany with the molecular weight increase from PPI to ONBPPI. AFM graphs showed that the film of ONBPPI had better stability than PPI in annealing at 90 ℃ for 2 h. And the similar fluorescence spectra in single molecular with fine split delivered that the unchanged transition process existed in both. In the film,a little blue-shift was observed in ONBPPI,which implied that the aggregation effect was weakened because of the ether bond insert. The phenomenon of the proportion of low-energy level emission increase in solid fluorescence spectra was found,but there was no obvious effect on deep-blue color. All of these results were consisted with our expected,and this strategy of enhancing multi-functions on PPI was realized under unchanged transition process by inserting ether linkage at N1-phenyl.


Examining literary texts, especially poetry or song lyrics, is generally always related to the problem of meaning. This is a natural thing because poetry is always conveyed in indirect language. Nevertheless, poetry research should understand more than just the meaning of poetry; more critical is how to manage understanding, imagination, and the role of the plurality of texts in uncovering its significance. This research is in line with that. Namely, it aims to examine the significance and appreciation of the lyrical text of a children's song entitled Nanatsu no Ko by Noguchi Ujo. This study uses the text semiology approach or textual narrative analysis proposed by Roland Barthes. The data analysed is the Lexia, the units of reading that comprise the entire text. The lexias have been determined and then analysed using five narrative codes: hermeneutic, proaretic, semic, symbolic, and references codes. This study also uses significance analysis (denotation and connotation) to understand the semic code and connotation of the text. The results of this study found that the significance of the text is a message of criticism about the author's disappointment with Japan's modernisation policy which abandoned the original identity of the Japanese nation. This significance is obtained through the analysis of narrative codes which show the role of plural texts, even though they are conveyed in the form of children's song lyrics, with simple and easy-to-understand diction and arrangement.


Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from whole organ decellularization has been successfully used in a variety of tissue engineering applications. ECM contains a complex mixture of functional and structural molecules that are ideally suited for the tissue from which the ECM is harvested. However, decellularization disrupts the structural properties and protein composition of the ECM, which may impact function when cells such as the fibroblast are reintroduced during recellularization. We hypothesized that the ECM structure and composition, fibroblast source, and integrin expression would influence the fibroblast phenotype. Human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) and normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLFs) were cultured on intact cardiac ECM, collagen gels, and coatings composed of cardiac ECM, lung ECM, and individual ECM components (collagen and fibronectin [FN]) for 48 h. COL1A expression of HCFs and NHLFs cultured on ECM and FN coatings decreased to < 50% of that of untreated cells; COL1A expression for HCFs cultured on ECM coatings was one- to twofold higher than HCFs cultured on intact ECM. NHLFs cultured on ECM and FN coatings expressed 12- to 31-fold more alpha-smooth muscle actin ( a SMA) than HCFs; the a SMA expression for HCFs and NHLFs cultured on ECM coatings was * 2- to 5-fold higher than HCFs and NHLFs cultured on intact ECM. HCFs expressed significantly higher levels of b 3 and b 4 integrins when compared to NHLFs. Inhibition of the b 3 integrin, but not b 4 , resulted in a 16- to 26-fold increase in a SMA expression in HCFs cultured on ECM coatings and FN. Our results demonstrate that b 3 integrin expression depends on the source of the fibroblast and that its expression inhibits a SMA expression (and thus the myofibroblast phenotype). We conclude that the fibroblast source and integrin expression play important roles in regulating the fibroblast phenotype.


We study the stability of steady current filaments in a bistable semiconductor system in the presence of global coupling given by an external circuit. The system is described by a reaction-diffusion model on a two-dimensional spatial domain with Neumann b


In widely linear beamforming, the second-order non-circularity property exhibited by the signal-of-interest (SOI) can be exploited to improve interference and noise suppression. Assuming known SOI steering vector and spatially white noise, several algebraic schemes for estimating the SOI non-circularity coefficient are proposed in the context of narrowband widely linear beamforming without training/reference signal. These new estimators are based on signal purification, pseudoinverse, oblique projection, and pre-processed subspace separation. Simulation results are included to illustrate the performances of the proposed methods.


Following the March 2017 wildfire devastation in Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas, local chapters of the National FFA Organization actively engaged on social media to advocate for public response to the crisis. Twenty-three public Facebook posts from FFA chapters and affiliates demonstrate members' engagement with agricultural issues in the United States, disrupting the generalization that young adults are disconnected from civic affairs. However, while Facebook served as an important platform for members' ag-vocacy in the wake of the crisis, FFA chapter posts contain embedded traditional rural literacies, which are reflected in members' collective identification with existing supporters of agricultural communities. While FFA chapters had the potential to advocate to a broad readership, the posts reveal the chapters' way of reading the crisis and writing a response to it with an insular narrative. As a result, Facebook posts that target only limited audiences and/or appeal to readers with exclusionary collective identification result in the failure of entities, such as local FFA chapters, to capitalize on Facebook's full potential as an advocacy tool to inform and engage large public audiences.


Abstract Ramesh, the proprietor of Amalya Dairy Pvt Ltd, looks at the recommendations given by the market research firm for rebuilding the brand image after a major brand crisis. After Amalya Dairy suffered a huge loss recently, Ramesh is now being careful about spending the company funds. A 60-year-old and a late adopter of technology, he is not very comfortable with the suggestion of having a public relations manager represent his brand on social media. At the same time, he recalls the recent setback his brand image took due to the lightning speed at which the latest communication channels operate. He looks at the report and the recommendations given by the market research firm one more time, in order to make the final decision regarding the company's integrated marketing communication plan.


Present invention provides a biological sample and a reagent to a series of means for processing, batch processing can be performed on a biological sample (e.g. specimen) can be randomly put into biological samples at any time continuous process. Having a plurality of processing units (slot) (501 to 506) in a reaction vessel (110) and placed in a reaction vessel unit placed, each can be independently moved along the arrangement direction of the processing portion (groove). A plurality of rods (401) to each reaction vessel (110) disposed movable up and down in correspondence to the reaction vessel over. This configuration is a direction intersecting with the moving direction of the reaction vessel. The control lever is in the reaction vessel (110) and the lever mechanism (111) linkage, one of each reaction vessel (110) of the processing unit (501 to 506) corresponding when the rod means (111) directly below the processing sequence (401) or the nozzle (402) on which is mounted a magnetic body cover (405) capable of processing out portion.


The thesis work is carried out according to the ¨ MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN TALENT IN THE EXEQUIAL SERVICES COMPANY ETERNAL DREAM OF THE CITY OF LOJA¨, with the purpose of optimizing the resources and achieving the institutional objectives.
The objective of this research work is to elaborate the organizational design of the company as well as to contribute to the Human talent management that is being carried out by the manager of the Eternal Dream Exequition Services company of the City of Loja, An efficient management of the aforementioned company, as well as to achieve a better performance in the activities of the collaborators and obtain better results in each of their daily tasks. For this, methods and techniques of direct observation, interview and surveys were applied to be able to discover the problems related to the subject of study,
In the review of the literature, it contains concepts and categories related to the subject of study, which allowed to obtain information about the importance of the organizational design and the human talent management within the company.
In the results we present both the analysis and interpretation of the diagnosis made in the organizational design of the company the same that was done based on the observation guide that was applied within
the company as well as everything exposed by the manager In the interview, and with the results of the different surveys that were carried out to each of the workers, in this analysis we performed the organizational structure and manuals of organization of the company, as well as analyzed the recruitment recruitment process , Selection, contracting, induction, motivation, training, valuation of human performance, in order that the company has the competent staff and so carry out the activities in an efficient manner. In which it was possible to show that 100% of the workers who work in this company are not clear about the functions that each one must perform.
6
In the Management of Admission of Personnel, the analysis was carried out according to the process of the same, in the recruitment 100% of the workers have been called orally by some member of the company, in the Selection all the employees have been hired in a way Direct in some cases without requesting any requirement or presentation of documentation, in other cases they have been asked for the resume with three personal recommendations; In what has to do with the Contract is done immediately making them sign a contract the same as it is inscribed in the labor inspectorate, Induction is not performed to the staff since the company does not have the relevant documentation, as far as Training is not done but workers believe that it is advisable to provide training in the following topics: 33% of workers want training in human relations and customer service, 25% in job security, and 42% mention that They want to receive training in other topics according to the different jobs that each one plays.
On the other hand will be the discussion where the situational diagnosis of the company was found, the same one that was realized with the purpose of detecting the current situation of the company object of study. Developed on the basis of all the analyzes carried out, we proceed to prepare the proposal of planning the human talent management and organizational design with the purpose of leading the company for the improvement, the same that contains objectives, goals, Actions, and budget of the proposed objectives.
Next, the proposal was developed that is directed to the Manager of the company of Funeral Exequial Services of the city of Loja. In which the structural and functional organizational charts are proposed, which include the positions that are actually in function of the company, then the Function Manual presents valuable and important information regarding each of the positions that make up the company , Functions and responsibilities of each one of the members of the same, avoiding duplication of functions and allowing better organization in the aforementioned company. The proposal for a personnel selection model is presented, which details the different stages of admission of the personnel, since they are all processes that allow the companies to choose the suitable personnel to occupy positions, the same ones that will be trained And encouraged in order to improve their performance.
It was elaborated the valuation of posts where the system was applied by points with its respective stages from the definition of factors to the valuation of the jobs.
7
Finally it has been possible to conclude that the company of Exequial Services
Eternal Dream of the City of Loja, does not have a human management process or a well-structured organizational design, therefore it is recommended to the manager of the company mentioned above to comply with the proposal designed based on the objectives set.


The study examines the use of technology to assist the Deaf students to learn English as a foreign language in Saudi Arabia. The growth in technology has changed the delivery mode in education, including that of the disabled. The study evaluates the level of technology application in teaching the deaf students and determines the possibility of improving it. The importance of the study is to provide ways in which the deaf students can be motivated to learn English effectively. The study uses qualitative research strategy. In addition, interviews have been used as data collection instruments. The study concludes that the use of technology to teach English to the deaf students in Saudi Arabia improves its effectiveness. The study encourages the application of these technologies in teaching English for the deaf students in Saudi Arabia.


• The potential of 6-day old germinated soybean proteins as precursors of antidiabetic peptides has been demonstrated. • Gastrointestinal digestion of 6-day old germinated soybean proteins released peptides with the ability to inhibit starch, maltose and sucrose hydrolysis. •A total of 11 fragments with molecular masses ranging from 600 to 1500 Da derived from glycinin and βconglycinin were identified as the main contributors to the antidiabetic activity of germinated soybean proteins. • These findings indicate that germinated soybean proteins could find promising application as ingredients for the development of functional foods towards the prevention and/or management of type-2 diabetes. Evaluation of in vitro antidiabetic effects Glycine max 6 days germination at 30 °C (darkness), 10 sec irrigation (8 h)  Soybean protein  Simulation of gastrointestinal digestion protein (GID) Peptide fractions >10 , 5-10, <5 kDa


Christopher Case, Technical Services;
Susan Payne, Access Services 5:28;
Katie Lobner, NCRC 14:00;
Caitlin Carter and Robin Sinn, Open Access 21:35;
Christina Pikas, Wrap Up 28:25;
NOTE: Liz Mengel's talk is omitted due to sensitivity of budget discussions.


Dendritic cells (DC) are critical for the initiation of immune responses; however, their role in priming IL-4–producing Th2 cells invivo is not fully understood. We used a model of intradermal injection with fluorescent-labeled, nonviable larvae from the helminth parasite nonviable Nippostrongylus brasiliensis L3 larvae ( Nb ), a strong inducer of Th2 responses, together with IL-4–GFP reporter mice that enable a sensitive detection of IL-4 production to examine the contribution of DC to the priming of IL-4–producing CD4 + T cells in vivo. We found that parasite material is taken up by two distinct DC populations in draining lymph nodes: a mostly CD11c int MHC class II (MHCII) hi CD11b + Ly6C 2 dermal DC population and a CD11c hi MHCII int CD11b + Ly6C + monocyte-derived DC population. After Nb treatment, these two DC populations appeared in the draining lymph nodes in comparable numbers and with similar kinetics; however, treatment with pertussis toxin blocked the migration of dermal DC and the priming of IL-4–producing T cells, but only partially affected monocyte-derived DC numbers. In line with this observation, transfer of OVA-loaded CD11c int MHCII hi DC from Nb -treated mice into naive hosts could sensitize OVA-specific CD4 + T cells to IL-4 production, whereas transfer of CD11c int MHCII hi DC from naive mice, or CD11c hi MHCII int DC from Nb treated or naive mice, induced CD4 + T cell expansion but no IL-4 production. Phenotypic analysis of Nb -loaded CD11c int MHCII hi DC revealed expression of programmed death ligand 2, CD301b, IFN regulatory factor 4, and moderate upregulation of OX40 ligand. However, thymic stromal


Time series representation is one of the fundamental tasks in Time Series Data Mining (TSDM). Due to the advantage of easy understanding and implementation, Piecewise Linear Representation (PLR) has been widely used in compression, indexing, and similarity measurement of time series data. In this paper, we introduce a novel online PLR segmentation method. It is based on determining the cumulative radian error for each data point. The proposed method is demonstrated by applying to real stock market indices data and shows its effectiveness and superiority.


The condensation on solid surface is commonly applied in engineering field and is of great significance for study.In present work,the condensation of vapor(Ar)on smooth/coarse solid(Pt) surface was studied employing non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation method.The layering and meshy distributions of density in the solid-neighboring region,and the temperature jump at the solid-liquid interface were observed from the statistical results.The former is due to the surface potential of the wall and the latter is the characteristic microscopic phenomenon of molecular thermal motion at liquid-solid interface.By comparative analysis between the results based on different solid surface patterns,it's found that when the surface becomes coarser,the contact area between solid and fluid increases and the contact thermal resistance decreases,so the heat transfer is enhanced.The heat flux is increased with increasing height of convexity.The latent heat always takes up about 60% of the total heat flux for all cases.


The paper analyzes the targets and backgrounds of "Strive for the Best" Activity that is promoted by the tasks of modern industrial enterprises,and elaborates its applications and meaning.


In this paper we establish a framework for the convergence of two algorithms for solving the Nearest Point Problem in Reduced Convex Hulls (RCH-NPP), namely the RCH-GSK method proposed in [1] and the RCH-MDM method suggested in [2]. This framework allows us to show the asymptotic convergence of both methods in a very simple way. Moreover, it allows to justify a shrinking strategy for RCH-MDM.


Transmembrane ion transport under tonicity imbalance has been investigated using a combination of low frequency-electrical impedance spectroscopy (LF-EIS) and improved ion transport model, by considering the cell diameter d [m] and the initial intracellular ion concentration c in [mM] as a function of tonicity expressed by sucrose concentration c s [mM]. The transmembrane ion transport is influenced by extracellular tonicity conditions, leading to a facilitation/inhibition of ion passage through the cell membrane. The transmembrane transport coefficient P [m s−1], which represents the ability of transmembrane ion transport, is calculated by the extracellular ion concentrations obtained by improved ion transport model and LF-EIS measurement. P is calculated as 4.11 × 10−6 and 3.44 × 10−6 m s−1 at c s of 10 and 30 mM representing hypotonic condition, 2.44 × 10−6 m s−1 at c s of 50 mM representing isotonic condition, and 3.68 × 10−6, 5.16 × 10−6 , 9.51 × 10−6, and 14.89 × 10−6 m s−1 at c s of 75, 100, 125 and 150 mM representing hypertonic condition. The LF-EIS results indicate that the transmembrane ion transport is promoted under hypertonic and hypotonic conditions compared to isotonic condition. To verify the LF-EIS results, fluorescence intensity F [–] of extracellular potassium ions is observed to obtain the temporal distribution of average potassium ion concentration within the region of 3.6 μm from cell membrane interface c ROI [mM]. The slopes of ∆c ROI /c ROI1 to time t are 0.0003, 0.0002, and 0.0006 under hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic conditions, where c ROI1 denotes initial c ROI , which shows the same tendency with LF-EIS result that is verified by the potassium ion fluorescence observation.


Abstract The aim of this work is to define a methodology for terraced areas survey and rapid mapping in a complex environment, like Ligurian (Northwestern Italy) one, where a remarkable percentage of its surface is estimated as terraced and where the canopy coverage makes their recognition very hard. Methodology steps are the definition of LiDAR survey parameters, morphometric filtering and GIS processing for final mapping. Each phase is oriented to provide a reliable terrace mapping, also practicable in canopy-covered areas due to a particular attention to land cover influence. The work considers a case study (Rupinaro basin) close to Cinque Terre, with a mixed land cover (terraces, forest and urbanized areas). The methodology provided encouraging results detecting 448 ha of terraces, 95% of them located under canopy cover. This finding pointed out that terraces mapping cannot rely only on photo-interpretation, as canopies will hamper their detection. Mapping of these areas, frequently characterized by abandonment, is crucial while identifying potential trigger factors for slope instabilities. This case study highlighted the importance of a carefully planned production chain, that should start from LiDAR survey parameter choice, providing the best input for analysis algorithm and providing the correct identification of terraces.


Search result : One clinical trial was found.
Clinical outcomes : There appears to be no difference in the success rate of both types.
State of evidence and recommendations : The current level of clinical evidence to this topic is still limited in quantity and quality and more trials are needed in order to confirm these results.
['Preliminary Systematic Literature Searches' are based on SYSTEM's periodic systematic searches of the dental literature and provide first overviews over existing clinical evidence but are limited in the number of databases searched, as well as the assessment of precision and internal validity of results and thus do not replace the need for a full systematic review report to the topic]


The conditions for a relativistic perfect fluid to admit a thermodynamic scheme are considered, and the necessary and sufficient requirements for a metric to define a thermodynamic perfect fluid space‐time are given.


Nguyen T, Kyle UG, Jaimon N, et al. Co-infection with Staphylococcus aureus increases risk of severe coagulopathy in critically ill children with influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. Crit Care Med. 2012; 40 (12): 3246– 3250; doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318260c7f8[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]

Investigators from Baylor College of Medicine conducted an observational study of pediatric patients admitted to the PICU from 2009 to 2010 with either confirmed or suspected influenza infection to assess the effect of bacterial co-infection on morbidity and mortality. Confirmed influenza infection was defined as any positive laboratory test for influenza A or B virus infection. Confirmed cases were further subtyped using PCR for H1N1, but this was incomplete since the study began prior to the introduction of PCR primers specific for H1N1. A clinically relevant bacterial co-infection was defined as: (1) empiric treatment of a clinical diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia, (2) bacterial super-infection within 72 hours of the initial PICU …

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It is shown that in the molecular theory of real gases it is necessary to refuse such parameter as pressure. Instead of it is necessary to bring the parameter of density of gas or concentration of atoms (molecules). In gases with various pressure processes of formation of molecules of different degree of complexity are observed, than pressure is higher, especially difficult molecules are formed. With very high pressures (big density) atoms of gases unite in the uniform "molecule" occupying all volume allocated for gas. The theory of real gases of Van der Vaals and the virialny equations of Kamerling-Onnesa are not contradicting each other, and supplementing each other. Their association is necessary. In an explanation of mechanisms of transfer of heat in gases crucial importance has the mechanism of a radiant exchange between atoms (molecules) of gas. These experiments indicate that at low pressures the corresponding emission spectra of individual atoms (the line spectra). When the spectra of pressure moving in striped corresponding emissions of molecules with further increase in spectrum bands pressure expand, and at the highest pressures turn into a continuous spectrum corresponding to radiation of bodies, rather than gas. Coefficients of the theory of gases show a measure of formation of molecules from separate atoms. It is necessary to distinguish concepts of valent molecules, accepted in chemistry, characterizing chemical activity of elements under normal conditions and the physical molecules which are formed at elevated pressures and breaking up at pressure decline.


As a traditional festival the Flower Festival was held in Xixi Wetland Park of Hangzhou in April 2011.The herbaceous flowers applied in the festival were introduced in this study.The formative landscape effects were briefly analyzed and evaluated.Some suggestions were put forward for the next flower festival.The study provided references for other flower festivals in the future.For example,they have strong adaptability,can maintain sustainable view and increase the fun,are of improvement of blossom time,to meet the requirement of landscape diversity.


This paper studies rural-urban out-migration in a northern state of India using a probability model. In the area under study there are mainly 2 types of migrants from a household: 1) an adult male aged 15 and above who migrates alone to the places of destination leaving his wife and children alone in the village and 2) an individual who migrates with his wife and children. Female and children migration is more likely to affect the socio-cultural characteristics of the households. Moreover people migrate to their close relatives friends and ethnic group to search for jobs. A number of probability models have been studied to describe the movement of populations at the household level. In these applications models are fitted to study the trends in rural-urban out-migration at the household level for males ages 15 and above. No single model is able to describe the distribution of the total number of migrants from a household. The authors apply the negative binomial and Poisson distribution to study the variation in the number of rural-urban out-migrants at the household level.


The authors coupled the SSH-Aerosol modular box model into Code_Saturne and OpenFOAM CFD models. This coupling allows the representation of primary and secondary pollutants such as NO2 and secondary aerosols (including size distribution) inside an urban canyon in Paris. Results of twelve-hour simulations of NO2 and PM10 between OpenFOAM and Code_Saturne with SSH-Aerosol were similar and closer to measurements. Configuration experiments and case studies were focused on OpenFOAM coupling (CFD_Chemistry). CFD-Chemistry was evaluated in grid size, time step, and coupling method. Averaged concentration fields of gasses and particles and the size distribution of PM10 were evaluated. Finally, a case increasing NH3 traffic emission was presented as an example of using the model for regulatory purposes.


How to determine the boundary between Economics and Political Economics? This paper thinks that Economics, in general, refers to an academic system that how more products are made when resources are limited. It tries its best to explore the potential benefit in limited resources and becomes a multi - perspective Economics. Social production includes production and trade. "Pure Economics" without people's involvement and Political Economics of "quantity controlled by people" are two branches of Economics.


In this paper, we present an overview of automotive image quality challenges and link them to the physical properties of image acquisition. This process shows that the detection probability based KPIs are a helpful tool to link image quality to the tasks of the SAE classified supported
 and automated driving tasks. We develop questions around the challenges of the automotive image quality and show that especially color separation probability (CSP) and contrast detection probability (CDP) are a key enabler to improve the knowhow and overview of the image quality optimization
 problem. Next we introduce a proposal for color separation probability as a new KPI which is based on the random effects of photon shot noise and the properties of light spectra that cause color metamerism. This allows us to demonstrate the image quality influences related to color at different
 stages of the image generation pipeline. As a second part we investigated the already presented KPI Contrast Detection Probability and show how it links to different metrics of automotive imaging such as HDR, low light performance and detectivity of an object. As conclusion, this paper summarizes
 the status of the standardization status within IEEE P2020 of these detection probability based KPIs and outlines the next steps for these work packages.


Sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) is an important economic species and is now grown commercially in Sarawak. Actively multiplying stage 2 somatic embryos of the sago palm supplied by CRAUN (Crop Research and Application Unit) Research Sdn. Bhd. were used to investigate the effects of culture medium and container as well as culture conditions on maturation and gennination ofsago embryos. The stage 2 somatic embryos were cultured on four different media which were 7CP2 with and without supplement of activated charcoal and DS9 with and without activated charcoal; in each of the three different culture vessels included specimen tube, petri-dish, and conical flask; and placed at three different environments which were low temperature, dark condition, and low light. The somatic embryos were sub-cultured bi-monthly. The results showed that activated charcoal was significantly important to culture embryos ofM. sagu in vitro, and there was slightly better development for somatic embryos cultured on DS9 media compared to 7CP2 media. Besides that, better results were obtained from embryos cultured in conical flask and petri-dish as compared to specimen tube. However, maturation and gennination of sago embryos did not seem to be influenced by the environmental condition.


This article focuses on women's property rights over real estate, analyzing the ways in which they could acquire it (by inheritance, donation, dowry, purchase, or exchange) and in which they could participate in the corresponding transactions. Special attention is dedicated to the ways women disposed with real estate in their testaments, as well as to donations they made during their lifetime. Additional relevant topics include the relationship between the personal property of a woman and the common property of husband and wife, as well as the role of women in lawsuits concerning property, as well as their rights and duties as tutors of minors and their property.


The paper presents results of a research, connected with the student's assessment of knowledge and lifelong learning concept interdependence. The empirical basis of the re-search is a sociological survey among students of Teacher Training Faculty of Prizren Uni-versity (Republic of Serbia).


In the paper the method based on order statistics for processing of the random observations with so called Flatten - Gaussian distribution that is a convolution of rectangular and normal distributions, is proposed. This method gives a smaller standard uncertainty of a location parameter compared to a standard uncertainty of a mean value. The efficiency of the method increases with the increase content of the uniform component. The implementation of the proposed method does not require complicated calculations and based on an analytical expression of a normalized Flatten - Gaussian density distribution. The research results of method, which are the standard uncertainty depending on the relative content of components and the number of observations, are presented.


A greenhouse experiment was conducted in the department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, BCKV Nadia, West-Bengal during rabi season to study the efficacy of organic and inorganic amendments on S availability of rice crop in Alfisol soil collected from rice growing lowland cultivated field located in Jhargram Wet Bengal. Six kilograms of air dry processed soils were taken in each of the 10 kg capacity plastic pots. Farm yard manure (@ 7.5 t ha) was incorporated 15 days before transplanting of rice seedlings (CV. Shatabdi) as per treatment. FertilizersSilicon (50 kg ha) and phosphorus (50 kg ha) were applied during transplanting of rice seedlings as basal. The experiment was laid out in completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications and eight treatments involving 24 pots in total viz., Si0P0OM0 (Without any amendment), Si1 (Silicon @ 50 kg ha), P1 (Phosphorus @ 50 kg ha), OM1 (Organic manure @ 7.5 t ha), Si1P1 (Silicon @ 50 kg ha + Phosphorus @ 50 kg ha), Si1OM1 (Silicon @ 50 kg ha + Organic manure @ 7.5 t ha), P1OM1 (Phosphorus @ 50 kg ha+ Organic manure @ 7.5 t ha) and Si1P1OM1 (Silicon @ 50 kg ha + Phosphorus @ 50 kg ha + Organic manure @ 7.5 t ha). Pots were irrigated with water as and when required. The result showed that interaction effect of P, Si and FYM on the plant height (cm) and number of tillers hill was highest under the treatment OM0P1Si1 i.e. 123.2 and 7 compared to control treatment. But the number of panicles hill recorded was the highest under treatment OM0P1Si0 (5.68) in comparison to control. The recorded Grain and straw yield (gpot) and total sulphur uptake (mgpot) were the highest in the treatment OM1P0Si0 (15.87, 16.46 and 9.46, respectively). The concentration of sulphur in rice grain and straw (mgkg) was highest in the treatment OM1P1Si1 (323.3 and 325.1, respectively) comparison to control treatment. Combined application of FYM, silicon and phosphatic fertilizer results in increased S availability, increased grain and straw yields and S uptake by rice in Alfisol soil.


Brazing of a stainless steel to various aluminum alloys was carried out using an Al-Si filler metal and a fluoride-active flux in air. The brazeability was remarkably different by the aluminum alloys and the brazing conditions. It was considered that the differences were originated with the compositions of base metals and the filler metal, the solidus temperature and the partially melting behavior of the aluminum alloys, and the behavior of the surface oxide film layers of both base metals. On the other hand, the obstruction of brazeability was identified as the rapid reaction between the aluminum alloys and the brazing filler metal, which makes the molten brazing filler metal disappear at the joining interface before the wetting occurs to the stainless steel. Taking this phenomena into consideration, it was attempted to make previous wetting of the brazing filler to the stainless steel before brazing to the aluminum alloys. This method provided the successful brazed joints for the most combinations of the stainless steel and the aluminum alloys.


The hydroxynitrile lyases (HNLs) were used as catalyst for synthesis of enantiopure cyanohydrins which serve as versatile bifunctional building blocks for agro-and pharmaceutical intermediates. Screening of natural sources led to the discovery of both (R)-and (S)-selective HNLs,and several different classes of these enzymes with substantial differences concerning sequence,structure,and mechanism had been found. HNLs had been developed into valuable biocatalysts,which could be produced in recombinant form by overexpression in microbial hosts,resulting in the implementation of industrial processes utilizing these enzymes.In this paper,the application of hydroxynitrile lyases as biocatalyst in synthesis of chiral cyanohydrins were introduced.


To the Editor: Type II Chiari malformation (CMII), also known as "Arnold-Chiari malformation," is a rare hindbrain anomality characterized by a small posterior fossa with downward descent of cerebellum, brainstem, and fourth ventricle (1). Although it has been described for more than a century, the etiology and neuropathology are still largely unknown (2). Despite advanced surgical treatment, it continues to be the leading cause of pediatric death in children with neural tube defects (1). Here, we present an autopsy study in a female patient with CMII and a structurally abnormal X chromosome who survived 17 months after multiple surgeries and interventions. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the CMII population with this specific genetic alteration. A 17-month-old girl with a complicated medical history, including CMII with hydrocephalus (status post ventriculoperitoneal [VP] shunt placement; Fig. 1A), myelomeningocele (status post initial repair and revision), vocal cord paralysis requiring tracheostomy, and chromosomal abnormalities, was brought to the emergency department for unresponsiveness and dyspnea. She was in her normal state of health until she had a sudden decrease in oxygen saturation and was struggling to breathe. A left frontal external ventricular drain was emergently placed. Head CT showed a mild increase in ventricular size and increased cerebellar tonsillar herniation. VP shunt had slow flow proximally, concerning for shunt failure. Her condition continually worsened and there was minimal improvement in intracerebellar pressure despite adequate drainage. She was transitioned to comfort measures only and passed away. At autopsy, she was a well-developed African-American girl without dysmorphic facial features. The myelomeningocele repair scar at the lumbar sacral region was wellhealed without signs of infection. The external ventricular drain was inserted at the frontal scalp with an underlying soft tissue hematoma. The distal VP shunt tip in the peritoneal cavity was in place and without gross obstruction. The striking neuropathologic findings included the presence of a fenestrated Luckenschadel skull with multiple deep and shallow pits or lacunae (Fig. 1B, C) (3). The internal table was remodeled, as the indentations likely reflected the underlying brain gyri pattern. External examination of the brain showed normal covering transparent leptomeninges with no macroscopic evidence of meningitis (Fig. 1D). The brain was irregularly shaped with an abnormal gyrification pattern. Small compacted gyri were separated by shallow sulci, indicating the presence of stenogyria, which has been reported rarely in CMII patients (1). Upon sectioning, partial agenesis of the posterior corpus callosum as well as partial absence of the cingulate gyrus were identified (Fig. 1E). The ventricles were enlarged without intraventricular hemorrhage. The cerebellar tonsils, vermis, and brainstem were herniated downward through the foramen magnum, compressing the fourth ventricle. The cerebellar folia were unremarkable but there was cerebellar hypoplasia (Fig. 1F). The cerebral cortical ribbon was identified but important anatomic structures such as basal ganglia showed architectural malorganization. Misdirected aberrant bundles of white matter were present and focally appeared parallel to the lateral ventricles (Probst bundle; Fig. 1G), associated with agenesis of corpus callosum. Histologically, both the peritoneal and the ventricular shunt ends were patent without obstruction and meningitis was not identified. The cerebrum showed preserved laminar and columnar architecture of the cortex but mildly decreased neuronal cell density with dispersion of pyramidal neurons (Fig. 2A, B). Glial fibrillary acidic protein immunostain


This paper discusses on the rules of Noun Phrase (NP) in Mandailing language. The objectives are firstly to structurally examine the phrase structure rules (PSR) of NP in Mandailing language and to investigate the constituents of each rules in NP. The method is descriptive qualitative with a case study. The data taken from the native speakers of Mandailing language through interviewing. The data are the utterances of Mandailing language in daily conversation. The analysis is based on the use of X-Bar theory, to see how NPs in Mandailing language are hierarchically governed and presented in tree diagram. Thus, the findings showed that there are five major rules of NP in Mandailing language, (a) single noun as headword, (b) pre-modifier preceedes head noun, (c) post-modifiers follows head noun, (d) head noun between pre-modifier and post-modifier, and (e) complex NP with coordinative conjunction. Also, there is found particle na to relate NP with the complement such as AP. To summarize, Mandailing language has similar patterns of word order with Indonesia language. Overall, this research gives contribution to provide a deep understanding in studying morphosyntactic in linguistics especially phrase structures beyond the effort on exploring and revitalizing a regional language in Indonesia.


This study was designed to investigate the socialization and occupational identity of undergraduate music education majors enrolled in traditional preservice teacher education programs. Preservice music teachers (N = 578) from 30 randomly sampled institutions completed a 128-item questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were computed for all variables, and factor analysis was used to explore the underlying structure of occupational identity. Correlational and regression analyses revealed relationships among socialization influences and occupational identity. Descriptive findings surrounding various aspects of primary and secondary socialization revealed that parents, school music teachers, and private lesson instructors exerted a positive influence on student decisions related to participating in music and pursuing a music education career. Factor analysis results indicated that occupational identity consisted of three constructs: musician identity, self-perceived teacher identity, and teacher identity as inferred from others. Correlations between secondary socialization and occupational identity were slightly stronger than those between primary socialization and occupational identity, and influential experiences were more predictive of occupational identity than influential people.


Preface 1. Introduction Donatella della Porta and Michael Keating Part I. Epistemology and Philosophy of the Social Sciences: 2. How many approaches in the social sciences? An epistemological introduction Donatella della Porta and Michael Keating 3. Normative political theory and empirical research Rainer Baubock 4. Causal explanation Adrienne Heritier 5. Constructivism: what it is (not) and how it matters Friedrich Kratochwil 6. Culture and social science Michael Keating 7. Historical institutionalism Sven Steinmo 8. Game theory Christine Chwaszcza 9. Rationality and recognition Alessandro Pizzorno Part II. Research Design: 10. Concepts and concept formation Peter Mair 11. Comparative analysis: case-oriented versus variable-oriented research Donatella della Porta 12. Case studies and process tracing: theories and practices Pascal Vennesson 13. Quantitative analysis Mark Franklin 14. The design of social and political research Philippe Schmitter 15. Ethnographic approaches Zoe Bray 16. Comparing approaches, methodologies and methods. Some concluding remarks Donatella della Porta and Michael Keating References Glossary Index.


Abstract In all Nordic countries illiteracy was eradicated in two stages. Two different strategies were used: home instruction in Sweden, Finland and Iceland, and compulsory schooling in Denmark and Norway. During the first stage the general population acquired the ability to read familiar texts. Sweden started its campaign first, around the mid‐eighteenth century, and became the first Nordic literate nation in this meaning of literacy. In the second stage the concept literacy covered both ability to read (known and unknown texts) and write. Due to its excellent school system Denmark was the first Nordic country to attain literacy in the contemporary meaning of the term (around the mid‐nineteenth century). The other Nordic countries followed in the same order as their elementary schools were developed.


For over a decade, I, along with my colleagues at New Trier High School in Winnetka, Illinois and Tom Rossing at Northern Illinois University, have been incorporating elements of the visual and performing arts in our physics teaching. We've found that the arts serve as very effective vehicles for teaching a variety of topics in physics, especially optics. Thus far we've examined connections between the visual arts and the following optical phenomena: shadows, reflection, color mixing, diffraction and polarization. We have also brought students from the science and performing arts departments together to study theater lighting and acoustics.


Supported by the great weight of Hutton's authority, his views, with which those of Haast and the early views of Hector were in general agreement, have gained wide acceptance, notwithstanding the opposition of McKay. Marshall, for example, as late as 1911 wrote as follows: "The great elevation [Mesozoic orogenic movement] was succeeded by nearly as great a depression. The majestic mountain ranges were gradually lowered until nothing but a chain of islands showed above sea level. To what a great extent this movement prevailed is seen at Lake Te Anau, where the Oamaru formation, some 3,000 feet thick, rises to the tops of the mountains. At Wakatipu and in the Rangitata valley the Oamaru rocks are found in the recesses of the mountains. In the Trelissick basin and between the masses of the Kaikoura ranges there was deep water. The valleys of the tributaries of the Buller are filled with Oamaru sediments."


This paper analyses the problems of SMEs financing as viewed from scientific investment decision-making of enterprises,discusses the variables influencing SMEs financing under information asymmetry.Based on this,it constructs a standard credit model of banks and SMEs based on mixed game theory,analyses the influence of investment decision-making of enterprises on their financing problems.The result shows: as SMEs make fault investment decisions,deviating from scientific development strategy,they don't achieve Pareto optimum of resources allocation.And the high degree of homogeneity between the owner and manager of SMEs makes this defect more serious.Based on the limitations of SMEs' investment decisions and their inherent defects of corporate governance structure,the authors propose a solution to the current financing problems for SMEs——the establishment of cooperative organizations.


The purpose of this paper is to explore use case maps as a medium for integrating task analysis and usability requirement into the traditional software requirement engineering process. The paper responds to major gaps in user interface specification in HCI, in software development methods for interactive software, and in the communication between usability specialists and software developers. We illustrate, via a concrete example, the usage of use case maps as an approach for specifying user interface and usability requirements. The Use Case Maps (UCMs) is a scenario-based notation for describing, in an abstract way, how the organizational structure of a complex system and the emergent behavior of the system are intertwined. It provides a first-class design model for the "how it works" aspect of both object-oriented and real time systems. Use case maps give a road-map-like view of the causeeffect paths traced through a system by scenarios or use cases (Buhr, 1998).


Topotecan is a small molecule DNA topoisomerase I poison, that has been successful in clinical trials against pediatric solid tumors and leukemias. Topotecan was evaluated against the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program (PPTP) tumor panels as part of a validation process for these preclinical models.


Under the context of rapid urbanization and intercity economic activities integration at metropolitan scale, to construct a better coordinated framework is becoming increasingly significant for inter- jurisdictional transportation planning and spatial cohesion development. This paper, by taking Guangzhou- Foshan, Shenzhen- Dongguan- Huizhou,and Hangzhou-Deqing Metropolitan as cases, firstly focuses on the process of spatial coordinated development, and then studies intercity rail transit, public transportation planning and policies, finally gives certain potential planning implications for intercity transport planning and spatial coordinated development in China's metropolitan.


FIELD: engines and pumps. SUBSTANCE: present invention may be used in turbocharged internal combustion engines. Engine system comprises engine 110, first and second compressors (122) and (132) supplying air into engine (110), and first and second recirculation valves (152) and (153). Compressor (122) first recirculation valve (152) is made controlled on two limitation levels. Compressor (132) second recirculation valve (153) is made controlled on three or more limitation levels. Disclosed are method versions for supercharged engine with first and second compressors. EFFECT: technical result consists in prevention of compressor oscillations upsurge while providing supercharging sufficient value to satisfy required power. 20 cl, 3 dwg


This article examines the Enlightenment legacy of Habermas' philosophy from the perspective of the question of tolerance. In his latest writings on religion (in particular Zwischen Naturalismus und Religion, 2005, and Nachmetaphysisches Denken II, 2012), Habermas acknowledges the new vitality of religions in Western democracies. He discusses the latest reflections of sociologists of religion on the process of secularization and its link with the modernisation of contemporary societies, which has hitherto been taken for granted. This leads him to question the potentialities of the Enlightenment and its "culture". In doing so, is the Frankfurt philosopher indulging in a kind of "defeatism of reason" (Jean-Claude Monod)? Or should we rather see Habermas's doubts as a testimony to his new interest in the pre-political sources of social solidarity?


With the use of COMSOL Multiphysics Software, the design of a IPMSM (interior permanent magnet synchronous machine) is investigated. In this research the electric and magnetic losses, that accrue during the energy transformation in electric machines, were simulated with FEM and used to predict and optimize the thermal behavior of the machine. Those are primarily known as winding-, hysteresisand eddy current losses. The temperature behavior, as consequence of winding losses are analyzed by a transient 3D-FEM model. Postprocessing the magnetic field solutions has proven as efficient method to determine hysteresisand eddy current losses. The necessary magnetic field solution is generated by a transient 2D-FEM Modell.


Report presenting values of zero angle-of-attack performance of a double-cone inlet with and without a shroud through a range of mass-flow ratios and Mach numbers. Maximum propulsive thrust was computed to be higher with the shrouded inlet at all supersonic Mach numbers tested. Results regarding internal diffuser performance, drag, and engine performance are provided.


We investigated the texture of NiSi films on Si substrates with various implanted species. Detailed analysis using pole figure measurements shows that implantation of boron on substrate changes the texture of NiSi films drastically, from axiotaxy to transrotational structure, when the dose of boron is more than 5e15 atoms/cm2. We predict that this transition of crystallographic orientation is driven by the total energy minimization, which consists of interfacial energy of films and/or elastic energy of NiSi lattice.


Microscopic mechanisms of interactions between magnons and optical phonons in antiferro- and ferri-magnetic ionic dielectrics are formulated. Following some earlier work, this is achieved by taking cognizance of the mixing of the excited orbital states with the ground orbital states of the magnetic ions due to lattice vibrations.It is found that the processes which involve splitting of an optical phonon into two magnons are most important for the exchange of energy between the spin and lattice systems. Relaxation frequencies for such processes for antiferro- and ferri-magnetic systems at various temperatures are calculated. In the systems under consideration, processes involving acoustic phonon–magnon interaction dominate below 10 °K; however, the optical phonon–magnon contribution becomes quite appreciable around 25 °K.


This study is purposed to test the factors that encourage consumers to subscribe to Netflix. The sample in this respondent is selected using a purposive sampling technique with the criteria of all Indonesians who have watched trailers of several Netflix films in various media. The number of valid respondents is 222. All data are analyzed using the PLS-SEM method. This study indicates that subscription intention to Netflix is significantly affected by brand image, trailer satisfaction, and the quality of Netflix service. In addition, the brand image in this study also has a significant connection to Netflix trailer satisfaction. However, service quality has insignificant effect on trailer satisfaction. These findings are expected to help Netflix improve the quality of its service to increase customer satisfaction and maintain Netflix's image to stay good so that customers intend to subscribe to Netflix.


Sol-gel method is a very efficient method, Which is Widely used to preparing thin films. The advances in the preparation of ZAO thin films by sol-gel method as well as its principle and characteristics are briefly reviewed. At the end of this paper, existing problems are also pointed out.


OBJECTIVES
Community water fluoridation (CWF) is one of the greatest public health achievements of the 20th century. Despite this achievement, there are still misunderstandings about the safety of water fluoridation. Previous communication campaigns advocating CWF have been unsuccessful in combating these misunderstandings, suggesting a need for a new way to promote CWF. The goal of this article is to guide research for future campaigns by analyzing the digital conversation regarding community water fluoridation and other forms of fluoride in the state of Texas.

METHODS
NUVI software extracted tweets from Twitter, and SAS Text Miner 12.1 software revealed topics related to water fluoridation.

RESULTS
The results uncovered eight topics related to water fluoridation. Overall, the analysis showed mixed reactions toward water fluoridation, fluoride toothpaste, and children's dental health.

CONCLUSIONS
The findings of the text analysis will guide future research, with the goal of building a pro-CWF effort in Texas.


The school community consists of an environment where every child has the right to participate and share the good of the educational process. In that thinking, students dispose of different needs that have to be satisfied in a context where the values of respect and equality emerge as basic foundations of the instructive environment. Consequently, inclusion practices appear to be as the prerequisite of education for all in the general school surroundings. Teachers who are responsible for planning and applying the educational process play an important role in the implementation of inclusive practices. Especially, these educational methods are influenced by educators' attitudes and determine the extent and the level of inclusion strategies. In the present study, participated 154 teachers of primary and secondary general education in Greece. The participants completed the Multidimensional Attitudes towards Inclusive Education Scale (MATIES) (Mahat, 2008). In general, according to the results, teachers expressed positive attitudes toward inclusion. Correlations were calculated in relation to other variables that affect teachers' attitudes according to the research. The results emerged as directions of providing support services in the school community and organizing suitable education programs for in-service teachers in the school and academic domain.  Article visualizations:


Background: Breast lump is one of the most common surgical problems in female. Many diagnostic modalities available for the evaluation of breast lump. For several years, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was the most practiced method for the pathological diagnosis of breast lump specially differentiation of benign from malignant. The advent of Trucut biopsy in the new millennium has resulted in many surgeons switching to Trucut biopsy since it provides a sufficient amount of tissue for pathologists to make an accurate histological diagnosis. Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was to find out the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC findings in comparison to Trucut biopsy for evaluation of breast lump. Materials and Methods: The cross sectional observational study was carried out in the Department of Surgery of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh. Patients with a breast lump were enrolled by purposive sampling during July, 2018 to June, 2019. All the patients were assessed by FNAC and Trucut biopsy. Final diagnosis was made on the basis of histopathology. A pre-formed semi-structured, case record form was prepared which was used to collect data. Data analysis was done by SPSS Version 23. Results: The mean age was found 41.4±10.6 years with range from 24 to 68 years. Clinical examination revealed suspicious for malignancy 52(61.9%) patients and 32(38.1%) in benign. In FNAC diagnosis, benign breast lump was found 39(46.4%), suspicious malignant cell was 10(11.9%) and malignant was 35(41.7%). In trucut biopsy, 48(57.1%) patients were found in malignant and 36(42.9%) in benign tumor. In histopathological diagnosis, 49(58.3%) patients were found in malignant and 35(41.7%) in benign tumor. 49 cases were malignant breast lump evaluated by histopathological diagnosis, out of which 41(83.7%) cases were suspicious for malignancy evaluated by clinical findings, 43(87.8%) cases were malignant breast lump evaluated by FNAC diagnosis and 47(95.9%) cases were ..........


The paper discusses how the same economic and social forces that, early in the twentieth century joined with advances in the engineering art to push cities skyward are once again conspiring to work changes in the face of the modern metropolitan areas. New advances in engineering art now make it possible to react to these forces in new ways. No longer is the consideration of potential building sites necessarily limited to the land areas bounded by surface transportation arteries. In the past few years, the use of "air rights" to build over these transportation facilities has increased and this trend will continue to accelerate. Many of the nation's largest construction projects under way or contemplated now involve air rights. Whereas streets occupy from 25 to 30 percent of all developed urban land, use of only a small portion for development of air rights will ever be practicable. The paper describes how the possibility of using air rights in conjunction with urban expressways give urban planners a particularly challenging new tool to use.