The implementation of e-government aims to establish a good relationship between the government and the society as well as businesses that take place in an efficient, effective and economical. In addition, the purpose of implementing e-government is to achieve a good governance (good governance). Good governance has several elements one of which is the effectiveness and efficiency. Departing from the above conditions, this study tried to describe the general adoption of e-Government Regency/City in Central Java. In detail, this study will discuss how the implementation of E Government Regency/City in Central Java and what the barriers to implementation of the E Government. Application of E Government by Regency City in Central Java, most of the entry on stage 2 (two), but there are some districts / municipalities that have entered at step 3 (three) which apply online application for public services. For institutions, the need for clarity of authority and responsibility of all agencies in the government district / municipality. Some of Regency/City there that give's responsibility in the development of E Government Electronic Data Processing Section (PDE) in the Regional Secretariat. However there are some Regency/city that provide responsibility under the Department of Transportation, Communication and other Information. Another problem encountered is the lack of ability of the ranks of civil servants and others in the field of ICT for the conduct of government in the Regional (E-Government) and lack of budget implementation of e-government.


This short article describes the integrated payment systems for public transport used in the GAUDI project. Brief details of the system design are presented. Smart cards are used for payment. This is followed by a short description of the use of the system in: a) Dublin for paying for buses, car parks and toll road fees; b) Marseilles, for paying for all public transport modes; and c) Trondheim for toll road payments. A trial of the system is to be conducted in Barcelona, and the results expected from this survey are discussed. For the covering abstract see IRRD 868006.


This paper describes the results obtained from a finite element investigation into the load capacity of column members of lipped channel cross-section, cold formed from Type 304 stainless steel, subjected to concentric and eccentric compression loading. The main aims of this investigation were to determine the effects which the non-linearity of the stress-strain behaviour of the material would have on the column behaviour under concentric or eccentric loading. Stress-strain curves derived from tests and design codes are incorporated into non-linear finite element analyses of eccentrically loaded columns and the results obtained are compared with those obtained on the basis of experiments on stainless steel channel columns with the same properties and dimensions. Comparisons of the finite element results and the test results are also made with existing design specifications and conclusions are drawn on the basis of the comparisons.


Introduction: There is growing interest in the role and use of patient navigators within the health care system. Currently, qualifications and training expectations documented in the literature vary tremendously depending on context and patient population. This paper details the theoretical and pedagogical principles used to develop, implement and evaluate a training programme for lay patient navigators working in a primary care setting. Methods: The planning process involved (a) conducting an educational needs assessment, (b) identifying the theory underpinning the curriculum, (c) developing learning objectives and teaching strategies, (d) formulating evaluation methods, (e) implementing the programme and (f) refining the curriculum based on evaluation feedback and lessons learned. The training programme was first implemented in May 2017 and has evolved over the past 3 years based on our observations and feedback from the programme participants. Results: The training programme involves a total of 25 hours of online and face-to-face education sessions, and ongoing community mentorship from experienced navigators. All training components are rooted in theoretical principles and proven pedagogical approaches. The knowledge, skills and abilities acquired are also tied to core competencies of the role of lay patient navigator. Conclusion: The development of this lay navigator training programme was carefully designed with evidence-based competencies and practical realities to ensure rigour in preparing and supporting navigators' work in primary care settings.


In this experimental work laboratory scale four-column simulating moving bed (SMB) equipment (L=25 cm, ID=1 cm) was planned and constructed for separation of a steroid mixture [1] using YMC S-50 silica gel as adsorbent, with the co-operation of Central Mechanical Workshop, University of Veszprem. The effect of switching time change (5.5 min, 9 min, 11.5 min, 22.5 min) on component separation was examined. During our measurements the amount of acetone in dichloromethane was 55 % v/v in the fresh eluent and pure dichloromethane in the feed. Product purity and other specifications (yield, productivity, eluent consumption) were measured by gas chromatography. An equilibrium mathematical model of the SMB process for open and closed eluent loops was constructed by means of a computer program [2, 3]. Adsorption equilibrium, and kinetic data, theoretical plate number measurement, frontal and elution adsorption-desorption measurements for determination of the optimum conditions for the SMB process and for construction of the mathematical model were measured by means of laboratory experiments. Finally results coming from simulation program were compared to measurement results. Our conclusion is that the measured and the calculated data agreed well and we have produced more than 99.9 % m/m purity and 90 % yield, at productivity 1300-3000 g "B" component/ kg adsorbent within a day using 60 g dm inlet steroid composition in case of 1:1:2:0 column configuration.


In the research field of sliding vane compressor with double action,the analysis and option of cylinder profile is just for non-offset vane compressor,the motion of vane will change apparently if it is applied to vane-offset compressor immediately.In this paper,a modified theory for cylinder profile is set up,which converts the cylinder profile suiting non-offset compressor to the one suiting vane-offset compressor on the condition that the kinematic and dynamic character of vane is unchanged.


It is well known that a Dedekind domain A wvith a finite number of prime ideals is a principal ideal domain. A reasonable generalization of this result would be: If A is a Dedekind domain and S is the set of prime ideals of A, then card S<card A implies that A is a principal ideal domain. In fact, this latter statement is false; see [1]. But it is true that if (card S)"o<card A, then A is a principal ideal domain. A proof is given in the present article of a slight generalization (analogous to the weak approximation theorem) of this result. Before proceeding to this result, we give a proposition that displays a large class of examples for which the stronger assertion of the first paragraph is valid. We will use the phrase "Let A, S be a Dedekind domain" rather than "Let A be a Dedekind domain, and let S be the set of prime ideals of A" for the balance of the article. Also, if P is a prime ideal of A, then v, will denote the normed valuation going with the prime ideal P.


We study the Dirichlet problem of the partial differential equation(?)in the domain(?)where Z=(z_(ja)is an m×n(m≤n)matrixObviously,the equation(1)is of elliptic type,and it is degenerated onthe boundary of(?).Therefore,its virtue on the boundary should be taken intoaccount.A function u(Z)satisfying this equation on the closure of(?)is calledharmonic function of class(?)(see §1.5).Given a continnous function u(Z)on the unitarygroup(?)(U(?)=I),thereis one and only one harmonic function of(?)given by the Poisson integral(?)with(?)It is interesting that any function of(?)satisfies also a system of partialdifferential equations(?)


Presidential popularity has been shown to respond to economic trends. This article uses survey data from California and seven other states, 196797, to test whether govemors are likewise vulnerable to trends in state economies. Multiple regression is used to test the impact of the state's unemployment and rate of per capita income growth on disapproval of the govemor's job performance. Even with controls for national economic trends and other factors affecting the governor's popularity (taxation, tenure in office, party control of the legislature, state income growth), state unemployment has a significant negative impact that has increased over time. The impact is not symmetric; lower unemployment does not lead to more positive ratings. Governors must therefore devise policies and rhetoric to counterbalance their lack of influence over state unemployment.


The equilibrium and kinetics of proteins sorption and desorption by oppositely charged lightly crosslinked polyelectrolytes (#PE) were studied. The driving force of the sorption is provided by interpolyelectrolyte addition reaction (IPAR) between oppositely charged ionic groups of protein and #PE resulting in protein–#PE complex (#PPEC) formation. The capacity of different #PEs with respect to the proteins in neutral salt-free aqueous solutions is rather high, exceeding that of the known heterogeneous crosslinked polyelectrolyte sorbents commonly used for protein sorption in practice. The dependence of the capacity of #PE on pH and the salt concentration in the environmental solution has been revealed and investigated. The equilibrium of IPAR is shifted to the original components under the corresponding pH shift or adding a simple salt. As a result the protein releases into the surrounding solution. The rate of protein uptake and release is also controlled by the pH or/and the ionic strength of the solution. The data obtained show that #PE can be used to design the crosslinked polyelectrolyte constructs for controlled uptake and release of proteins. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Optical transitions in quantum‐well heterostructures are very well revealed by photomodulated absorption spectroscopy. With respect to nonmodulated absorption spectroscopy, a strong increase in both room‐temperature resolution and signal‐to‐noise ratio is observed. This new technique is most attractive for the investigation of multilayers grown on transparent substrates. The evolution of the spectral lineshapes of bulk and excitonic transitions as a function of temperature is shown.


Moyamoya disease is the idiopathic bilateral progressive stenosis of the anterior circulation arteries at the skull base, followed by the compensatory formation and proliferation of collateral small vessel arteries typically in the lenticulostriate region. The clinical diagnosis is made by neurovascular imaging with digital subtraction angiography being the gold standard of diagnosis. The term moyamoya syndrome is used when the formation of collateral arteries occur after unilateral vasculopathy or if the progressive stenosis occurs in the setting of known associated conditions such as sickle cell disease or prior cranial radiation treatment. For patients who have undiagnosed moyamoya syndrome, stroke symptoms may be the first presentation of the underlying disease.

 We present a case series of 15 patients who arrived to our tertiary care hospital from December 2014 to July 2022.

 The majority of the patients were women with the average age of 43 years old. Patients were admitted with NIHSS ranging from 0 to 14, and two patients presented with signs suggestive of MCA syndrome. Including major ischemic stroke risk factors, five patients also had differentials of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, connective tissue disorder, vasculitis, and congenital rubella as possible underlying conditions promoting the vasculopathy. Morbidity was high for moyamoya patients, with an average modified Rankin scale of 2 at discharge. Eleven patients had unknown moyamoya history at time of arrival and were identified based on hyperacute diagnostic CT angiography during stroke evaluation. Five patients were initially diagnosed as large vessel occlusion on CT angiography. Given the speed at which IV thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy decisions are made, patients with moyamoya vasculopathy require rapid and accurate interpretation of CT findings that distinguish them from standard large vessel occlusion patients and prevent the potentially catastrophic consequences of inappropriate treatment.

 The pathophysiology leading to moyamoya disease is not well understood, but the stenosis process of major arteries is thought to be secondary to irregular hyperplasia of the tunica media, followed by compensatory growth of small collateral vessels. This collateralization leads to micro‐aneurysm formation in the small perforator branches. Moyamoya patients are at an increased risk of hemorrhage, representing a contraindication to IV thrombolysis, and, if mechanical thrombectomy is attempted, risk of possible large vessel rupture. In our case series, the 15 patients did not receive IV thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy based on appropriate diagnosis of moyamoya vasculopathy at time of emergency CT angiography, subsequently confirmed by elective, catheter cerebral angiography.


This article brings reflections on the contributions of preceptors to the training process of residents of the Pedagogical Residency Program, Subproject "Mathematics teaching in the 6th year of Elementary Education: training experiences through the pedagogical residency", from the Institute of Mathematical and Scientific Education of the Federal University of Para. We rely on authors who discuss aspects of initial teacher training, teaching knowledge, as well as information contained in official documents on teacher training policies, in particular, Edites Capes no 06/2018, to contextualize the guidelines of the The study is of a qualitative approach, using a questionnaire as a data collection instrument, answered by 10 residents, and from the answers it is possible to indicate that the preceptor appears as: advisor, mediator of the theory and practice articulation, encouraging practices researcher, study and planning facilitator, reflection manager on d students' learning difficulties.


:
This chapter discusses common approaches for fatigue strength assessment of welded joints. These are based on different types of stresses, which are described in detail at the beginning. Subsequently, several factors affecting the fatigue strength are discussed with a special focus on welded joints, which are considered in the approaches in different ways. Then the chapter outlines S–N approaches using different types of stress for the S–N curves together with a damage accumulation law. The alternative crack propagation approach is only briefly addressed, being the subject of other chapters.


Education is a key development goal that is critical in the fight against poverty through the creation of human capital. For this reason, the Botswana Government has prioritised the provision of free basic education to its citizens as part of the strategy to achieve the millennium development goals (MDGs). However, not all school going age children are in school despite the free basic education. This motivated the study to investigate the determinants of schooling in Botswana using the HIES 2002/2003 and LFS 2005/2006 datasets and the probit model. The probit regression results indicate that children's current schooling is positively and significantly influenced by the age of the children themselves; education level of the household head; having at least one of the parents alive; urban location; employment status of household head and household income.


A radio frequency identiflcation (RFID) reader antenna with circular polarization (CP) radiation is proposed to operate at worldwide UHF band which covers 840{960MHz. The size of the antenna is 0:555'0 £ 0:553'0 £ 0:099'0. A micro-strip patch with truncated corners as the main radiation patch is placed between the wilkinson feed network layer and the parasitic patch layer. The ground plate is placed on the top of the feed network layer. The feed network is connected with the main radiation patch via two metal cylindrical probes which produce two orthogonal signals of equal amplitude and 90 degree phase difierence. The proposed antenna has wideband circularly-polarization characteristics. The truncated corners on the main radiation patch can increase 3dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth while improving the best axial ratio. And the parasitic patch can adjust the radiation direction of the antenna while increasing its gain. The simulation results show that the proposed circularly polarized UHF reader antenna has an input impedance matching bandwidth (S11 • i10dB) of 456MHz (675{1131MHz), the band of re∞ection coe-cient S11 • i20dB covering 842{955MHz, 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 296MHz (741{1037MHz), minimum axis ratio reaching 0.33dB, and the highest gain reaching 3.53dBi in the operating frequency band. Both the impedance bandwidth and the axial ratio band cover the entire UHF band of RFID systems.


Treatment decisions in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), which involve the initiation or switching/ escalation of disease modifying therapies (DMTs), rely on several pillars. Disease-related factors, including presentation at onset, number/severity of relapses, accumulation of disabilities and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesion load, play significant roles. On the one hand, patient-related factors, such as demographics, pregnancy, and life style aspects are incorporated to the complex decision of managing MS patients. A patient-centered approach has been evolved as a treatment paradigm where the decision is shared between the treating physician and the patient. The objective of MS treatment is directed toward halting disease activity and slowing down the disease progression. Thus, the efficacy of a DMT is considered to be the most relevant factor when discussing the treatment plan with the patient. In clinical practice, the safety of the treatment comes next in line since it is the physician's decision to weight the risk versus the benefit of the anticipated drug. Drug safety may entail common or unexpected adverse events but may also encompass the risk of worsening of the disease course either by a relapse or disease progression. Moreover, the risk of abortion or teratogenicity may be added to the safety concerns in pregnant women who were exposed to DMTs. After the recent revision of the diagnostic criteria, it is expected to have an increment in the number of pregnancies exposed to DMTs as more women are diagnosed and treated early.1 Moreover, most women will try to conceive when they feel well and ready to establish a family early contrary to the previous notion of abstaining of pregnancy due to the disabling nature of the disease.


ABSTRACT In this article new biographical research relates Dublin-born Peter J. Peel's early sporting activities to his professional career trajectory as a thrice-elected president of the United States Football Association (U.S.F.A.). His presidency culminated in leading the USA soccer team to the 1924 Paris Olympiad and subsequently to Dalymount Park in Dublin for the Irish Free State's first home international soccer fixture. The paper will also detail the nature of Peter Peel's simultaneous 1918 tenure as presidents of the United States Football Association (U.S.F.A.) and The Irish Fellowship Club of Chicago during the Irish conscription political crisis and the Paris Peace Conference. Peel's career is interpreted through the prism of his early Limerick formation in a rugby-playing family and his own fluid sporting and civic activities.


Triangular prism-like extended microtunnels (EMTs) can be easily formed in specially designed epitaxial lateral overgrowth GaN thick films by selective wet chemical etching in molten potassium hydroxide (KOH). In this study, extended microtunnels along the 〈100〉 and the 〈100〉 directions were fabricated and compared. If tunnels along the 〈100〉 direction, the {11} planes would be the etch stop plane. While the tunnels along 〈100〉 direction, the etch stop plane would become to {10} planes. The activation energies of wet chemical etch for the {11} planes and the {10} planes were determined to be 23.6 kcal/mol (1.02 eV) and 22.8 kcal/mol (0.99 eV) using Arrhenius plot. On the other hand, the etching depths of the tunnels along the 〈100〉 direction were more than twice the depths of the tunnels along the 〈100〉 direction during the same etching time. The highest etch rate of the tunnels along the axial direction can reach 1000 μm/hr in 〈100〉 direction, which is believed to be the highest etch rate of GaN ever reported. Additional crystal facet of m-plane in GaN was also observed in the sample with extended microtunnels along the 〈100〉 direction. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The modernization of distance education is not only a nature historic development process,but also an active creative process,which reconstructs itself through eliminating distance.Modernity of distance higher education represents as collecting modern education idea,developing modern education structure, and emphasizing interaction and dialog.Under the effect of post-modernization, distance higher education strengthens its modernity from idea,system construction and resource.The modernization and modernity of Distance higher Education have relation and difference together.


Consideration of attention/inattention rather than presence/absence on the one hand, and of the inventory that distends, rather than the database that compresses, on the other, come together to suggest an approach to thinking about (telephonic) mobility and everyday life that does not focus on disconnection and fragmentation, as an assumed starting point. Rather, it produces a focus on how connection and continuity get made across and between different spaces. Finally perhaps it is possible to use the mode of inventory to say something about the nature of this space/these spaces and the nature of this practice of space/spaces as a social practice. The mobile phone is an(other) example of the dialectic characteristically operating around information technology – which offers us more freedom and simultaneously exerts over us more control. This dialectic might be opened up precisely by exploring the numerological production of a space – not as a technological space only (one operating according to the rules of logic) but rather by reading this technological space as a material social construction. Regarded as a practice of space, and as a practice that makes space, the mobile phone draws up the cultural conditions under which it itself is made – all the species of space – into itself: like a map, a dream, or even like a prayer might do4. Paradoxically then, these private bubbles into which we speak, these bubbles which demand our attention, in we find a particular form of self validation, in which we tend to speak one-to-one – these spaces that seem so intimate, so


Computer technology era just now taken another step ahead with the existing of the smart card, whether in the public sector or the private sector. Realizing this, the project of the application of smart card is being developed with the purposed of giving services to the public. It will be implement on the food court to handle the manual system that is being use now. This project give services like taking order and payment that will be done by the customers themselves on the terminals at the corner of the food court. All the orders that has been made will be access by the seller through the administrator that manage the database. The administrator of the smart card application is responsible to handle process like registration, reload card, and validate the payment to the seller. With this notion, all problems like orders mistake,lateness in orders, no change for money,and menu that is not up to date can be avoid. The use of smart card in the way of e-cash is emphasize to ensure the payment process as good as any other prepaid card nowadays. The development of this
application is based on the Waterfall Methodology as a guide for developing a more integrate system.


This study aims to examine the effect of financial distress, debt, and profitability on the acceptance of going concern audit opinions with the industry-specialist auditors variable as the moderating variable, this research was conducted on the manufacturing industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2020 period. The data used is secondary data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website and the company's official website. The theory used is agency theory and signal theory. These two theories can provide an overview of the correlation between the variables in the study. The analytical method used is logistic regression analysis and moderated regression analysis with an absolute difference value approach. The results showed that the financial distress variable proxied by the Altman z-score, and the profitability variable proxied by Return on Assets had a positive and significant effect on the acceptance of going concern audit opinion. In addition, the industry-specialist auditors variable as a moderating variable can strengthen the negative effect of profitability on going-concern audit opinion. Meanwhile, the debt variable as proxied by the Debt to Equity Ratio does not have a positive effect on the acceptance of going concern audit opinions, as well as the industry-specialist auditors variable which is expected to strengthen the positive influence of financial distress, and debt is not supported.


With plans for the supporting-reconstruction of Ningbo in Qingchuan as the empirical research objects,this paper discusses on the emergency and risk of supporting-construction projects,the materiality and sociality of plans for the reconstruction and emphasizes the adaptation from two aspects of plans for post-disaster reconstruction: one is technical route,and the other is feedback adjustment.


The mechanistic underpinnings of asymmetric catalysis at atomic levels provide shortcuts for developing the potential value of chiral catalysts beyond the current state-of-the-art. In the enantioselective redox transformations of chiral hypervalent iodines, the present intuition-driven studies require a systematic approach to support their intuitive idea. Arguably, the most practical systematic approach would be based on the reliable quantitative structure-selectivity relationship (QSSR) of diverse and dissimilar chiral scaffolds in an optimal feature space that is universally applied to reactions. Here, we introduce a predictive workflow for the extension of the reaction scope of chiral catalysts across name reactions. For this purpose, whole geometry descriptors were encoded from DFT optimized 3D structures of multiple catalyst scaffolds (113 catalysts in 9 clusters). The molecular descriptors were verified by the statistical comparison of the enantioselective predictive models (classifiers) built from each descriptors of chiral iodoarenes. More notably, capturing the whole molecular geometry through one hot encoding of split three-dimensional molecular fingerprints presented reliable enantioselective predictive models (regressors) for three different name reactions (Kita oxidative spirolactonization, cross coupling, and para-hydroxylative dearomatization) by recycling the data and metadata obtained across reactions. The "potential use value" of this workflow and the advantages of recyclability, compatibility, and generality proved that the workflow can be applied for name reactions other than the aforementioned name reactions (out of samples). Furthermore, for the consensus prediction of ensemble models, this global descriptor can be compared with sterimol parameters (steric descriptor) and noncovalent interaction vectors (stereoelectronic descriptor). This study is one case showing how to overcome the sparsity of experimental data in organic reactions, especially asymmetric catalysis.


[Objective] The main characteristics of 291 rice bean germplasms which conserved in Hubei Province were investigated and analyzed.[Method] Test materials plant at random which According to the source,Field observation of growth period,flower color,ripe pod color.Random sampling investigation of plant height,branch number,pods number per plant,yield per plant and weight of one hundred seeds agronomic characters.Statistics and correlation analysis the data.[Result] Correlation analysis showed that there was siginificantly correlation between pod number per plant and other yield traits;the branch number had the greatest influence on grain number per pod,and the effect of grain number per pod on pod length was obvious;100-grain weight was a stable character also could be effected by pod number per plant.Using the method of field suvey and indoor analysis,several germplasm resources which were beneficial to rice bean breeding,were selected.Two of them were identified as elite germplasms with high yield and good comprehensive characters,they could be directly applied to production,or be used as parent to breed new rice bean cultivars.[Conclusion] The results indicated that there were high level of genetic polymorphism and a broad genetic variation in Hubei rice bean resources.


In his Orthocentric Properties of the Plane n-Line, Professor Morley| makes use of a curve of class 2n — 1, which he calls the A2"-1. Of these curves, the deltoid (n = 2) is the well-known three-cusped hypocycloid; but the curve of class five ( n. = 3 ), which I shall call Pentadeltoid, and more frequently represent by the symbol A'', is not so well known, though its shape and a few of its properties were known to Clifford $. I shall here prove some of the properties of the pentadeltoid. My purpose in presenting this curve is twofold: 1. the discussion of a curve of many interesting properties; 2. the illustration of the use of vector analysis as a tool in the metric geometry of the plane. The line equation of a curve is here uniformly expressed by means of conjugate coordinates,§ while the point equation is expressed by means of what is commonly called the map equation, that is, a point of the curve is expressed as a function of a parameter t, which is limited to the unit circle and is, therefore, always equal in absolute value to unity. Throughout I shall consider y and b as conjugates of x and a, respectively; that is, if X and Y are rectangular coordinates of a point, then x = X+iY, y = X-iY, and similarly for a and b.\\ Some of the properties of the curves of class 2« — 1 and of degree 2n, easily inferred from those of the A5, are also proved, but there has been no attempt at making a complete study of the general case.


Since most of the annual energy consumption in each country is related to the construction, optimization of energy consumption in buildings is important.  When a single issue of energy is investigated, especially in residential buildings, design standard and specific rules could be seen that to achieve solutions for low energy consumption, help- ing. Of course, these rules depending on the occupation levels, receive heat, heat loss and building diversity of users are different and therefore are not easily standardized. In addition, a solution for a successful commercial or industrial building is not automatically to be used for other buildings. For example needs of heating, cooling and lighting and heat absorption capabilities of people, equipment, lighting and the sun should be in relation to building form, orientation, structure, pattern of occupation and environmental needs are assessed to ensure that all the points already are to appear on the general design decisions to be applied. So this article is trying to introduce the factors affecting energy consumption, the proposed solutions will be based on the lowest consumption in the construction, and eventually reached a sustainable design.


A class of finite difference methods called splitting techniques are presented for the solution of the multigroup diffusion theory reactor kinetics equations in two space dimensions. A subset of the above class is shown to be consistent with the differential equations and numerically stable. An exponential transformation of the semi-discrete equations is shown to reduce the truncation error of the above methods so that they beoome practical methods for two-dimensional problems. A variety of numerical experiments are presented which illusthate the truncation error, convergence rates, and stability of a particular member of the above class. Thesis Supervisor: Kent F. Hansen Title: Associate Professor of Nuclear Engineering 'AAMakw"A" "AwwwUhAwww" IN M 111mol"t""'.. P 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT 2 LIST OF FIGURES 5 LIST OF TABLES 6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 7 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE 8 Chapter


Abstract This paper argues that housing tenures cannot be reduced to either production relations or consumption relations. Instead, they need to be understood as modes of housing distribution, and as having complex and dynamic relations with social classes. Building on a critique of both the productionist and the consumptionist literature, as well as of formalist accounts of the relations between tenure and class, the paper attempts to lay the foundations for a new theory of housing tenure. In order to do this, a new theory of class is articulated, which is then used to throw new light on the nature of class‐tenure relations.


More than 7 billion board feet of Douglas-fir lumber were used in the United States for new construction or renovation of existing buildings during 1994. Past research has shown that almost every piece of Douglas-fir lumber has measurable warp. As a result, a high proportion of pieces may be underutilized or discarded at the job site. Recent research indicates that warp within structural grades of softwood lumber may not be attributable to growth characteristics such as compression wood, grain orientation, and knot size. This study investigated the impact of sweep in logs on warp in Douglas-fir lumber. Results showed that the magnitude of crook and twist in lumber produced from straight logs and logs with sweep was significantly different. Surprisingly, lumber sawn from logs with sweep had less twist than lumber sawn from straight logs and showed no significant difference in bow. Lumber sawn from logs with sweep in two planes had more crook than lumber sawn from straight logs, but the difference was slight. Although logs with sweep yield less lumber than straight logs, curve sawing in high-tech sawmills may diminish this difference. These findings indicate that Douglas-fir logs with sweep could produce straighter lumber than straight logs.


Apartments production without a previous example is existed by suddenly rapid growth of population and city. So this mass producted aged Apartments have many problems that is aged and staleness. Confrontation of obsolete and staleness is Build&Scrap and Remodeling. But Remodeling is much better than Build&Scrap Because Remodeling has Social, Economical, Environmental merits. This Research is Feasibility Evaluation System on an object of Remodeling. Feasibility Evaluation means Possibility on Objective action on aiming action in other words. It means degree of difficulty about purpose to act. Remodeling is based on existing apartment, to improve ability and performance of existed aged Apartment and by engineering technique and method. A point of view, development of Remodeling technique and popularization is necessary as well as Remodeling Plan and Construction technique of applied Existing building logical Approach is that. The purpose of this paper is handling allowance range of Remodeling Plan and Achievement accomplishment Feasibility Evaluation of purpose and objective and Understanding. Remodeling Feasibility is evaluated by two aspects. The first is Macro Level Approach of Remodeling Feasibility Evaluation on a Apartment Complex, and The second is Micro Level Approach of Remodeling Feasibility on each housing part is evaluated about removal and dismantlement.


Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the seropositivity of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, toxoplasmosis and rubella among pregnant women delivered in our clinic with respect to place of living, parity and age groups. Material and Method: This retrospective study included 4226pregnant women, aged 16-45 years, from 2000 to 2005. Seropositivity was documented by serologic testing oftoxoplasma IgG, toxoplasma IgM, rubella IgG, rubella IgM, HBsAg, Anti-HBs, anti-HCVand anti-HIVwith ELISA. Results: Mean age was 27.11 ± 4.59 (16-44) and mean parity was 1.61 ±0.77 and mean gestational age at delivery was 38.87 ± 2.27. The seropositivity oftoxoplasma IgG, toxoplasma IgM, rubella IgG, rubella IgM, HBsAg, Anti-HBs, anti-HCV and anti-HlVwas 26.1 % (892/3416), 0.6 % (22/3416), 92.2 % (3151/3416), 0.2 % (8/3416), 2.2 % (78/3503), 16.2 % (568/3503), 0.1 % (2/3496) and 0 % (0/3496) respectively. The prevalence oftoxoplasma IgG, rubella IgG, Anti-HBs and anti-HCV was positively correlated with increasing age. There were no statistically significant differences between places of living among studied parameters, except Rubella IgMpositivity was significantly higher in the Karadeniz area. Conclusion: Our results were in agreement with previously performed studies in Turkey. Based on our results, it may be concluded that routine rubella, HBsAg and toxoplasmosis screening may be appropriate during antenatal care. However, routine HCV and HIV screening may not be cost effective due to their low incidences.


PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of stage-based training, including core exercises, on scoliosis patients. METHODS: Two patients with scoliosis participated in the study. Both patients participated for eight months and were trained for an hour three times a week. The training program consisted of stretching and strengthening, as well as core exercises, and was divided into five stages. The Cobb angles and trunk lengths of the subjects were measured after one month, two months, and four months of training. Measurements were also taken after the subjects completed training. All of the measurements were taken using Formetric 4D. RESULTS: The Cobb's angle of subject A, which was 41° before training, measured 30° following training. The Cobb's angle of subject B also improved from 41° prior to training to 34° after training. Furthermore, the trunk lengths of both subjects improved. The trunk length of subject A increased from 438 ㎜ to 450 ㎜ and, and the trunk length of subject B increased from 433 ㎜ to 458 ㎜. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that stage-based training and core training can be used as effective treatments for scoliosis patients.


In life, there is also death, every day the number of people who are born in the world continues to increase followed by the death of a person. The death rate in DKI Jakarta in early 2020 was 3,072 reports and then there was a significant increase in February as many as 5,792 reports. Public Cemetery is an area of land provided for funeral purposes for any person regardless of religion and class. The City Parks and Forests Service of the Provincial Government of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta is a Regional Work Unit in charge of Forestry, Landscaping, and Cemeteries in the DKI Jakarta Regional Work Scope. The amount of time and energy needed in the funeral process for a corpse in DKI Jakarta Province starts from registering the body, selecting the location to the heir to obtain an IPTM from the PTSP. While the burial process must be carried out quickly, especially in certain conditions, such as during the pandemic, where the bodies must be buried immediately and the limited burial ground available. This recommendation system aims to simplify the process of registering bodies, selecting the cemetery, selecting plots, and managing tombs. By using the SAW method in the selection of cemeteries and grave plots, it will optimize burial plots by selecting the best alternative based on predetermined criteria so that it will reduce TPU cases of fullness or unavailability of grave plots.


This paper directs against the limitation,width and defect in the ageing respect of the index systems of highway first and second natural regionalization,fully considering the local natural environment condition of Guangxi,making the index which meets highway natural regionalization of Guangxi and choose the basis and system standard(climate,physi-ognomy and geology),proposing highway natural regionalization scheme of Guangxi(regionalized map and index clas-sification table),Rely on this,systematically and generally instituting the influence for highway engineering of the third level small region and main highway disease table in Guangxi,in order to serve the construction of the highway engin-eering of Guangxi.


In this paper, we derive an analytical model to evaluate the effect of jointly tuning the carrier sense threshold and employing multiple data rates on the network capacity in multi-rate, multi-hop wireless networks. The proposed model characterizes the channel status within the carrier sense range of an individual transmitter. The per-node throughput attained by each transmitter is then obtained by deriving the probability that each state occurs and its expected duration. The effect of multiple channel rates provided by IEEE 802.11 a/b/g protocols is also taken into account. As a preamble to devising a localized algorithm for tuning systems parameters, we propose a control reference and derive, for each data rate, its optimal value, the range of which remains approximately constant regardless of network dynamics. Based on the insight shed from the analytical model, we then devise a distributed and localized algorithm with which each node first selects a data rate and the associated carrier sense threshold based on the network condition, and then tunes the contention window size so that the value of the control reference measured stays in its optimal range. We show via simulation that the proposed algorithm, as compared to the existing IEEE 802.11 DCF protocol, yields a higher network capacity.


Abstract: Reviewing my recent work concerning the mass of the neutron, it is becoming evident that both the up and the down quark of the neutron have been revised: both have been slightly altered in mass to accurately produce the observed mass of the neutron. This means that 8 quark types exist instead of 6, as expected for E8 symmetry


Introduction Increasing employment opportunities for people with learning disabilities has recently become a priority for service provision in England following the publication of Valuing People Now (DH 2007, 2009a) and Valuing Employment Now (DH 2009b, 2009c). These developments may be regarded as the culmination of 35 years of previous policies which alluded to the importance of employment for the quality of life of people with learning disabilities, rather than stating how it should be achieved. It is generally recognised that very few people with learning disability are currently employed. For example, Valuing People (DH, 2001) and the Commission for Social Care Inspection (reported in DWP, 2006a) both estimate that fewer than 10% of those known to local authorities are employed. Precise figures and characteristics of employees with learning disability are harder to find. As a consequence, it is often difficult for service developers, clinicians and researchers to ascertain whether or not real advances have been made in this area. The aim of this paper is to outline some of the reasons for this shortfall, with the objective of promoting improved data quality and accessibility in the future. The diversity of potential sources: where to look? At present, data relating to employment could be derived from a number of sources, among them the Department of Work and Pensions, Job Centre Plus, Labour Force Surveys, National Indicator Data, PSA-16 data, and Economic and Social Data Service. Difficulties are encountered, however, when trying to co-ordinate and synthesise this information. Notably, data relating to people with learning disability is rarely a focus of recording in these sources, or presented in a way that can be readily accessed by practitioners. For example, in order to use data from the Office of National Statistics, a specific request must be made for the creation of customised tables at a minimum charge of £135.00 (see email@example.com). This makes searches both time-consuming and costly for clinicians and service providers.


Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent disease that causes persistent mucosal inflammation and is associated with bacterial infection, which is thought to play a role in the inflammatory process. Microbiome analysis provides insight to host–microbial interactions. Disturbances in the host and commensal bacteria interaction may lead to CRS. Culture-based methods are useful to isolate some microorganisms but are unable to grow a majority of the bacteria. A review of the literature shows that several recent studies attempted to overcome this issue by using molecular techniques, such as microbial RNA sequencing, to describe the CRS microbiome. All of these studies were performed in adults, with no comparative studies reported in the pediatric population. Similar studies, utilizing molecular techniques, are needed to better understand the mechanism of CRS in children. Because valuable data from these adult studies may help to bridge the gap in our knowledge of the microbiome in pediatric CRS, we present an overview of the methodology and results behind the current microbiomic approach to adult CRS to set the stage for its use in the study of CRS in children.


The aim of this study is to determine the risks of various subjects to type 2 Diabetes and its dependence on the different subject records. A Fuzzy based system was designed to find the risk scores for diabetes based on risk score derived from Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES). The risk score that has been adapted into the system is referred to as Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS). The variables employed in it are age, gender, waist, exercise and history of diabetes. A database of subject records was collected from hundred random individuals from southern regions of India. A comparative study was performed on these records between the normal and fuzzified risk score based on IDRS. The program has been designed using Lab VIEW with Fuzzy System Designer being used for fuzzy rule execution. The details are transmitted online through web page to the physicians who can provide assistance in prevention of diabetes. The obtained risk scores of the subjects are used to improve the lifestyle and delay the onset of diabetes to the maximum possible. This system can be implemented in rural regions where experienced medical assistance may not be available. This system would form an ideal part of the current developments in medicine where physical physician presence is not required due to the buttress provided by advancements in computer technology. The aim of this study is to determine the risks of various subjects to type 2 Diabetes and its dependence on the different subject records. A Fuzzy based system was designed to find the risk scores for diabetes based on risk score derived from Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES). The risk score that has been adapted into the system is referred to as Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS). The variables employed in it are age, gender, waist, exercise and history of diabetes. A database of subject records was collected from hundred random individuals from southern regions of India. A comparative study was performed on these records between the normal and fuzzified risk score based on IDRS. The program has been designed using Lab VIEW with Fuzzy System Designer being used for fuzzy rule execution. The details are transmitted online through web page to the physicians who can provide assistance in prevention of diabetes. The obtained risk scores of the subjects are used to improve the lifestyle and delay the onset of diabetes to the maximum possible. This system can be implemented in rural regions where experienced medical assistance may not be available. This system would form an ideal part of the current developments in medicine where physical physician presence is not required due to the buttress provided by advancements in computer technology.


The verification of digital designs, i.e., hardware or embedded hardware/software systems, is an important task in the design process. Often more than 70% of the development time is spent for locating and correcting errors in the design. Therefore, many techniques have been proposed to support the debugging process. Recently, simulation and test methods have been accompanied by formal methods such as equivalence checking and property checking. However their industrial applicability is currently restricted to small or medium sized designs or to a specific phase in the design cycle. In this paper, we present a method for verifying temporal properties of systems described in an executable description language. Our method allows the user to specify properties about the system in finite linear time temporal logic. These properties are translated to a special kind of finite state machines which are then efficiently checked on-the-fly during each simulation run. Properties may be placed anywhere in the system description and violations are immediately indicated to the designer.


A device and a process for producing three-dimensional objects is disclosed. The device has a container (1) for a medium (2) and a three-dimensionally positionable dis penser (4) for release of a material (3), the addition of which to the medium (2) leads to the formation of Solid structures, into the medium (2). Addition of the material (3) by moving the dispenser in XYZ direction on a platform (8) below the filling height of the first material (2) in the container (1) leads to the formation of three-dimensional objects.


The position resolution of double-sided strip detectors is limited by the strip pitch and a reduction in strip pitch necessitates more electronics. Improved position resolution would improve the imaging capabilities of Compton telescopes and PET detectors. Digitizing the preamplifier waveform yields more information than can be extracted with regular shaping electronics. In addition to the energy, depth of interaction, and which strip was hit, the digitized preamplifier signals can locate the interaction position to less than the strip pitch of the detector by looking at induced signals in neighboring strips. This allows the position of the interaction to be interpolated in three dimensions and improve the imaging capabilities of the system. In a 2 mm thick silicon strip detector with a strip pitch of 0.891 mm, strip interpolation located the interaction of 356 keV gamma rays to 0.3 mm FWHM. In a 2 cm thick germanium detector with a strip pitch of 5 mm, strip interpolation of 356 keV gamma rays yielded a position resolution of 1.5 mm FWHM.


THE intravenous injection of a large dose of thyroxine is followed by increased biliary excretion of iodine (Kendall, 1919), and by the excretion of thyroxine in the feces (Gross and LeBlond, 1947, Monroe and Turner, 1948). However, only a small per cent of the injected thyroxine is excreted in the bile (Gross and LeBlond, 1947, Monroe and Turner, 1948). For one hour after thyroxine is injected intravenously the hormone is excreted in the bile unchanged. Thereafter the injected thyroxine is eliminated in the bile as an unknown compound (Taurog, Briggs and Chaikoff, 1951). This unknown compound is hydrolyzed during its passage through the gut, and releases free thyroxine which is not absorbed (Taurog, Briggs and Chaikoff, 1952). When physiological doses of thyroxine are injected, the percentage fixed by the liver and excreted in the feces is even smaller (LeBlond, 1949). It has been shown previously that transplanted thyroid tissue functions in the same manner as does the thyroid in its normal position as ...


The concave-convex property of a surface is one of the important and classical issues in differential geometry.Dividing a surface into several different concave-convex areas is of great value when studying the concave-convex property of the surface and its other properties.There are three different cases in the research of concave-convex areas of a surface in 3-dimensional Euclidean space,such as up-down concave,left-right concave and fore-and-aft concave. The inflexion-curve of a surface is just a boundary shared by two contiguous(but not intersectant) areas on the surface the concave-convex directions of which are opposite to each other.It is a useful method to partition a surface into different concave-convex areas.The new concept of inflexion-curve of a surface is defined by using theories of traditional differential calculus and classical differential geometry.Through studying the characteristics of vertical section line and its relations with the surface,the ways discovered can be used to find out a inflexion-curve and to determine whether it is a inflexion-curve or not on a surface.It is convenient to divide a surface into different up-down concave areas.Similarly,it can also be used to distinguish the parts of a surface,the left-right concave and fore-and-aft concave directions which differ from each other.Finally,it seems to be better to find out more about inflexion-curve itself in future.


Fluoroquinolones are losing their effectiveness due to emerging bacterial resistance. One known reason for this is the alteration of the drugs' molecular target, the DNA-gyrase in complex with DNA. But due to the lack of crystal structures of the complete gyrase-holoenzyme, this work aimed to build a 3D complex by using molecular modelling techniques. A protein-DNA-docking method was initially used to search for plausible complexes of the crystal structure of a 59 kDa fragment of the E. coli GyrA N-terminal domain (GyrA59) and a 21 bp dsDNA. In order for the ester bond to form, the DNA must approach the protein in roughly the right configuration. Therefore, starting from the docking step, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the plausible non-covalent protein-DNA complexes were carried out. Promising complexes were picked after manual assessment and subjected to further simulations with the covalent bond in place. Finally, two covalently linked protein-DNA complexes that differed by their DNA binding modes were picked: The GyrA59 alpha4-helix of complex 20 pointed towards the major groove of the DNA while it was oriented towards the minor groove in complex 166. Both complexes provided evidence for a possible role of Arg91 for the binding of DNA and the formation of a potential quinolone binding pocket. Although complex 20 could better reconcile existing biochemical data, both complexes were used as target structures for the molecular docking of eleven quinolones. All dockings showed ring stacking interactions but significantly differed with respect to the drugs' orientations and the resulting interactions with DNA and the alpha4-helix. Dockings into complex 20 yielded three sets with different drug poses. The placement of quinolones within complex 166 were much more heterogenous and yielded twelve subsets with different drug orientations. Although some poses were able to explain the influence of known resistance mutations on drug binding, none was able to explain all resistance mutations and the important role of Mg2+. A recently released crystal structure of S. pneumoniae topoIV in complex with DNA and quinolone was used to evaluate the theoretical models. The orientation of the drugs in the theoretical models could not exactly reproduce the crystal structure, but the results for complex 20 were very close to the experimental data. This showed the applied method to be a very reasonable protocol. Crystal structures were also taken to derive a CoMSIA model based on cleavage activities. This was subsequently examined on the basis of a homology model built for the E. coli gyrase-DNA-quinolone complex. It could be used to explain quinolone effects on steric and electrostatic grounds: Substituents at the quinolones' C7 are favorable if they reach a volume that, in the light of ciprofloxacin, is located around the N4 of the 7-piperazinyl moiety. Moreover, the models indicate that a positive electrostatic potential enhances the drugs' activity if it is placed in the same region. This allows interactions with negative electrostatic potentials of GyrB residues Gln465 and Glu466. By contrast, substituents that protrude from this volume lead to steric clash with the same GyrB residues and decrease quinolone activity. Additionally, electron-withdrawing substituents like C6-fluoro or C8-methoxy were found to be beneficial. They decrease the electron-density of the quinolones' ring system and thus increase ring stacking interaction between the therapeutics and the adjacent DNA bases. Together with the CoMSIA, the results of a conservation analysis of gyrase residues could partly reconcile mutation data and MIC measurements that were generously provided by A. and P. Heisig. Thus, the significant increase of MICs for different quinolones resulting from a GyrA Ser83Asn mutation could be explained. Such exchange pushes the drugs into the disfavored steric region. This induces steric clashes with GyrB Gln465 and Glu466 of which the former one was found to be variable while the latter one appeared to be conserved. Interestingly, Gln465 is most often exchanged to Glu and Asp. Such mutations may strengthen the interaction with amphoteric drugs and increase the susceptibility of gyrase. Nevertheless, some mutations could not be explained by simple protein-drug interactions. From the analyses however one could suggest that Gln465 and Glu466 of GyrB and the conserved GyrA Arg121 which is also close to the bound quinolone, might be useful residues to target with drugs.
Aufgrund zunehmender Resistenzen verlieren Fluorchinolone an Wirksamkeit. Ein Grund dafur sind Mutationen, die zur Veranderung ihrer molekularen Zielstruktur, dem Komplex aus DNA und Gyrase, fuhren. Aufgrund fehlender Strukturen des vollstandigen Holoenzyms, wurde in dieser Arbeit ein 3D-Strukturmodell des Gyrase-DNA-Chinolon Komplexes mit Hilfe von Molecular Modelling Techniken erstellt. Zunachst wurde ein Protein-DNA Docking Verfahren verwendet, um ausgehend von der 59 kDa Partialstruktur der N-terminalen GyrA Domane (GyrA59) von E. coli und einer 21 bp dsDNA, Protein-DNA Komplexe zu erzeugen. Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass sich die DNA dem Protein in einer geeigneten Weise nahern muss, damit es zur Ausbildung der kovalenten Protein-DNA Verknupfung kommt, wurden nachfolgend Molekuldynamik (MD) Simulationen der plausibelsten nicht-kovalent gebundenen Protein-DNA Komplexe durchgefuhrt. Die aussichtsreichsten Kanditen wurden manuell ausgewahlt und fur weitere MD Simulationen von kovalent verbundenen Komplexen aus GyrA59 und DNA verwendet. Die zwei resultierenden GyrA59-DNA Komplexe unterschieden sich hinsichtlich ihrer DNA Bindungsmodi: Wahrend die GyrA59 alpha4-Helix des Komplexes 20 in die grose Furche der DNA ragte, zeigte diese Helix in Komplex 166 in die kleine Furche. Beide Komplexe lieferten Hinweise auf eine mogliche Rolle von GyrA Arg91 fur die Bindung der DNA und die Ausbildung einer potentiellen Chinolon-Bindetasche. Existierende biochemische Daten liesen sich zwar besser mit Komplex 20 in Einklang bringen. Dennoch wurden beide Komplexe als Zielstrukturen fur das Docking von elf Chinolonen verwendet. Alle Ergebnisse zeigten zwar Ring-Stacking Wechselwirkungen mit DNA Basen, unterschieden sich jedoch signifikant hinsichtlich der Chinolon-Orientierungen und der daraus resultierenden Wechselwirkungen mit DNA und Protein. Ein Docking in Komplex 20 lieferte drei verschiedene Posen, wahrend 12 fur Komplex 166 gefunden wurden. Obwohl manche Posen eine Erklarung fur den Einfluss bekannter Resistenzmutationen ermoglichen, war keine Orientierung in der Lage, alle Resistenzmutationen sowie die wichtige Rolle von Mg2+ zu erklaren. Der Vergleich der theroretischen Modelle mit einer kurzlich publizierten Struktur eines TopoIV-DNA-Chinolon Komplexes aus S. pneumoniae zeigte zwar, dass die Orientierung der Chinolone in den Kristallstrukturen nicht exakt reproduziert werden konnte. Dennoch lag das Modell fur Komplex 20 sehr nah an den experimentellen Strukturen, wodurch gezeigt werden konnte, dass der hier gewahlte Ansatz eine geeignete Methode zur Modellierung von Proteinstrukturen darstellt. Die Kristallstrukturen wurden auch fur die Erstellung eines auf Cleavage-Daten basierenden CoMSIA Modells verwendet. Dieses wurde anschliesend auf der Basis eines Homologiemodells des E. coli Gyrase-DNA-Chinolon Komplexes analysiert und konnte die Chinolon-Aktivitat aus sterischer und elektrostatischer Sicht erlautern: Substituenten an C7 zeigen einen positiven Effekt auf die Aktivitat wenn sie in ein Volumen ragen, welches bezogen auf Ciprofloxacin, um das N4 der 7-Piperazinyl Gruppe lokalisiert ist. Ein positives elektrostatisches Potential in diesem Bereich verstarkt die Aktivitat. Hierdurch werden Interaktionen mit negativen elektrostatischen Potentialen der GyrB Positionen Gln465 and Glu466 ermoglicht. Ragen C7-Reste uber dieses Volumen hinaus, kommt es zu sterischen Problemen mit diesen GyrB Positionen. Zusatzlich bewirken elektronenziehende Reste wie C6-Fluor oder C8-Methoxy eine Verringerung der Elektronendichte im Chinolon-Ringsystem und verstarken dadurch das Stacking mit benachbarten DNA Basen. Zusammen mit dem CoMSIA-Modell konnte die Analyse der Konservierung von Gyrase teilweise mit Daten aus Selektions- und MHK-Versuchen von A. and P. Heisig in Einklang gebracht werden. So war zum Beispiel der deutliche MHK Anstieg verschiedener Chinolone das Ergebnis einer GyrA Ser83Asn Mutation. Diese druckt die Arzneistoffe in die sterisch ungunstige Region und induziert Konflikte mit der variablen GyrB Gln465 und der konservierten Glu466 Position. Gln465 ist dabei meistens durch Glu oder Asp ersetzt. Solche Austausche konnten die Interaktion mit amphoteren Chinolonen verstarken und deren Wirksamkeit erhohen. Jedoch konnten nicht alle Mutationen durch Protein-Ligand Wechselwirkungen erklart werden. Die Analysen zeigen jedoch, dass Gln465 und Glu466 in GyrB sowie das sich in Chinolon-Nahe befindliche und konservierte GyrA Arg121, interessante Positionen fur den Angriff durch neue Arzneistoffen darstellen konnten.


Extraordinary nourishing significance of milk as well as comparative lower price related to other diets containing protein made it a particular portion of dietetics amongst the inhabitants around the globe. Conversely, the amplified demand of milk globally made it disposed to gigantic intensities of deceitful actions. It is a highly risky product for falsified deeds for getting economic gains where culprits can intensify nutrition protection threats and reduce nutritious worth by deliberated contamination along with the deficiency of maintenance, negligence in deprived cleanliness circumstances, no refrigeration conveniences. Current study was directed to expose the causes, harmful consequences and solutions for the prevention of this menace. For this purpose, 60 respondents from supply chain conveniently and 150 respondents from consumer chain systematically. Due to adulteration in milk, it became considerably low nutritious levels which also be lethal for community well-being exposed through current milk adulteration outrages which caused risky issues related to socio-economic conditions in addition to psychological and serious health concerns related to stomach, eye sight, cardiac, renal, and lever failure due to hazardous additives used as adulterants in milk.


R ECENT developments in networking technologies, especially wireless connection, generate a new paradigm of control and filtering for industrial systems via networks. In the past, such systems are controlled and estimated by independent networks that are designed with enough bandwidth and resources. In the future, shared wired and wireless networks are utilized to connect industrial systems and controllers/filters. In this new framework, bandwidth and resource constraints should be taken into account in controller/filter design, and real-time becomes increasingly important to control and filtering. How to properly design controllers/filters and to effectively utilize network resources is essential to synthesizing or estimating networked systems. For example, networked controller/filter design necessitates a novel, integrated view of both control/filtering and information theory, makes fundamental tradeoffs between network resources and control/filtering goals, tolerates scalability and robustness to subsystems failure, and improve control performance under an unreliable communication medium like the wireless or a shared medium like Ethernet or Internet. To fulfill this purpose, network protocol design, network resource scheduling, network bandwidth allocation, and new control/filtering strategies should be considered simultaneously in system synthesis and estimation. The results are useful for industrial electronics systems, intelligent transportation systems, smart grid, power electronics systems, remote fault diagnosis, and prognosis. The aim of this special section is to provide a timely discussion on technical trends and challenges of some classical and emerging issues, such as networked control and filtering, fault detection and tolerant control, event-triggered control, security control, distributed control, sensor networks, and real-time network protocol design, over networks with resource constraints for industrial systems. After a rigorous review process, seven papers were selected for the special section. In this editorial, we have clustered the papers into four groups.


40 Abstract— As India is one of the fastest developing countries in the world, remarkable achievements have been made in the construction field. Construction companies in India are now facing new opportunities and challenges. In last few decades concept of project management has gained increasing demand among big construction industries. Now a day's customer and client are demanding higher level of performance with respect to schedule, cost from construction organization, at the same time available to fulfill the client's requirements are becoming crucial to complete project within agreed schedule and cost. In this research / thesis mentioned, knowledge about concept of construction project management with the application of Earned Value Management System. It also includes schedule monitoring, controlling, cost monitoring, controlling with respect to established baseline standards, and various elements of project management. The observations and knowledge from literature review are applied to analyze the construction project management using earned values analysis and management in Indian construction industry. General information regarding project a management in Indian construction industry including challenges for schedule and cost control management will be presented in this research to give some idea regarding difference between Indian construction industry and western countries. The mentioned objectives are to be tested through the experimental and field methods like case study. By using the knowledge from literature review and results from case study analysis some measures to improve project management with earned value management in Indian construction industry are recommended


The writer in his prevlous paper (NAGAsAWA,1961)classined Batillaria multiformis (LISCHKE) into three types according to the grade of development of the subsutural tubercles on their shells. It is considered that variation in the shell of B,multiformis may result from its environnlent or inherited characters. There is reason to believe that the variation of the shell may be a reflection of the environment as the writer explains in this paper. The writer expresses his thanks to many students of Tokyo Gakugei University,Messrs.Masaharu ISHIKAWA and Kanji ABE who kindly submitted to him the samples for study. particular thanks are due to Professor Kotora HATAI of the lnsUtute of Geology and Paleontology of Tohoku University for his advice and encouragement. Frequencies of types of B. multiformis


This paper offers to disentangle the multiple geographies local, regional and global , in which the wall of Nicosia, Cyprus, is inserted. Specifically, while acknowledging its central role in identity-formation among Greek and Turkish Cypriots, it argues that perpetual representations of the Green Line as a site of interethnic or international conflict overshadow its current geopolitical significance as a global frontier of Europe.


Nanoclusters have gained a huge interest due to their unique properties. They represent an intermediate state between an atom and a solid, which manifests itself in their atomic configurations and ...


Researchers at the School of Health Science at the University of Wales, Swansea, report a study identifying the health and social care needs of informal carers for dependent adult relatives from a Bangladeshi community in south Wales.


First aid is a primary part in the medical system; however, large-scale medical centers are facing the dilemma of overcrowding. When the number of emergency patients increases over the allocation of manpower and equipment, emergency is likely to be overloaded. Such a dilemma might crowd out the resources for critical patients, seriously affect the emergency service quality, and reduce the morale of staff before the patients being safe.

With system simulation, this study establishes an emergency simulation model aiming at the researched subjects to discuss the authenticity of present emergency room. Furthermore, National Emergency Department Overcrowding Scale (NEDOCS), the emergency compound standard, is utilized for evaluating the overcrowding degree in emergency rooms. Two strategies, proposed for improving the overcrowded emergency rooms receiving emergency patients, are also evaluated the effects on the overcrowding degree with NEDOCS. The outcomes show that the proposed strategies could actually improve the overcrowding in emergency rooms.


Objective To explore the effect of comprehensive intervention technique in neuroses nursing.Methods 48 inpatient neuroses were randomly divided into observation group(drug treatment and comprehensive intervention technique)and control group(drug treatment),using self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)and self-rating depression scale(SDS)to evaluate clinical symptoms before and after 2 months treatment.Results Before treatment.SAS and SDS scores between two patient groups had no statistic difference(P>0.05),but after 2 months treatment.the observation group had lower SAS and SDS scores than the control group,the difference were obvious(P<0.05).Conclusions Comprehensive intervention technique was useful in neuroses nursing which can ameliorate depression and anxiety emotions,improve illness recover.

Key words:
Neuroses;  Nursing;  Comprehensive intervention technique


The potency and toxicity of etidocaine (Duranest) were reported in 1972 by Adams et al. 1 Animal and other laboratory studies have shown that this relatively new agent has a long duration but, unlike some other long-acting drugs, a rapid onset. Etidocaine is similar to lidocaine (Figure 1), but the former is more toxic; it has been found to be safe for human use. Laskin2 compared etidocaine, in 1% concentration with epinephrine, to 2% lidocaine with epinephrine. His investigation was limited to inferior alveolar nerve blocks, and there were 25 patients in the study. Although four patients required repeated injections, he concluded that 1% etidocaine was comparable with the standard lidocaine solution. Danielsson and colleagues3 carried out a larger study also on cases requiring inferior alveolar nerve blocks for surgery. Etidocaine, 1.5% with epinephrine, was used, and 100 patients received the drug. Danielsson et al could not identify any difference between lidocaine 2% and etidocaine 1.5% in terms of speed of onset or effectiveness, although there was a much longer duration of effect with etidocaine. In another investigation, the same two agents were compared for dental infiltration anesthesia in 20 volunteers using electrical pulp testing to evaluate anesthesia.4 It was concluded that the two agents were equally effective, although etidocaine had a slower onset and a much shorter duration of pulp anesthesia with longer, unwanted soft-tissue effects.


More than three decades ago and particularly during the last one, the priority assigned to the struggle against poverty in the different developing countri...


Aspect-oriented software development (AOSD) has a lot of interest in the research community. It has also found early adopters in application development and middleware. This panel discusses the potential expansion and use of AOP into mainstream software development.This question is not just directed to the aspect research community, but also to practicing software development teams and organizations. The panel will explore the appropriate position and awareness of aspect-orientation amidst other advances in software engineering; how to prepare organizations for adoption; and what additional research and development is necessary. The panel discussion will help the OO community to understand the appropriate use of aspect-orientation. It will also highlight areas where additional efforts by AOSD researchers and professionals are required.


ABSTRACT Induction of the Escherichia coli K-12 ynfEFGHI operon in response to anaerobiosis is repressed by nitrate ions. In this study, we show that the global transcription factor FNR is a class II activator at the ynfEFGHI promoter and that NarL represses activation by binding to a single target that overlaps the promoter −10 element. Electromobility shift assays show that NarL does not prevent RNA polymerase binding and suggest that repression may involve a quaternary NarL-FNR-RNA polymerase-promoter complex.


This paper considers the results of a gender review of Oxfam/Great Britain's work in Uganda that sought to determine what gender approaches had been adopted (theoretically and actually) and how they could be improved. After a desk review in the UK, a team conducted a field visit to Uganda where an initial conventional approach that "targeted" women had given way to efforts to conduct an in-depth gender analysis of programs. The team noted that the post of Gender and Development Program Officer in Uganda had been eliminated so that the entire staff would be responsible for addressing gender concerns. The review revealed that the staff exhibited a poor understanding of key concepts, was unwilling to challenge traditional roles and attitudes, deployed ad hoc initiatives, and failed to interact with appropriate local organizations. This situation occurred because of a lack of systematic procedures for planning and evaluation. Also, the fact that there was no extra compensation for staff living in harsh and insecure conditions discouraged female staff from seeking or maintaining positions in the field. Oxfam needs to develop a clear and binding strategy that will spell out the type of social change the Uganda program is seeking, integrate gender concerns, and implement monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. There is also a need to adopt a more political approach to gender concerns by taking advantage of opportunities and confronting attendant risks.


Anteromorpha malabarica Narertdran sp. nov. comes near A.deccanensis Sharma in general appearance but differs from it in having lateral ocelli contiguous with eye border and T1 with nump or module in middle base. A key to species of Anteromorpha is provided.


To improve the teaching of surveying,on the base of its characteristics,the advantages of multimedia teaching in surveying teaching were analyzed,and the problems were pointed out.


Procedure Appropriateness Category Relative Radiation Level US pelvis transvaginal Usually Not Appropriate O US pelvis transabdominal Usually Not Appropriate O US color Doppler ovaries Usually Not Appropriate O CT abdomen and pelvis without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢ CT abdomen and pelvis with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢ CT abdomen and pelvis without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ MRI pelvis without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O MRI pelvis without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O FDG-PET/CT whole body Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢☢


The quinoid‐donor‐acceptor (Q‐D‐A) strategy has recently emerged as a promising approach for constructing high mobility semiconducting polymers. In order to fully explore the potential of this strategy in improving the charge transport and elucidating the structure‐property‐performance relationships in Q‐D‐A polymers, a series of new polymers with different electron acceptor units and backbone coplanarity have been synthesized and characterized. All of the resulting Q‐D‐A polymers exhibit much more planar backbone conformations in comparison to their donor‐acceptor (D‐A) counterparts. Moreover, organic field‐effect transistors based on Q‐D‐A polymers exhibit excellent effective hole mobilities in a range of 0.44 to 3.35 cm2 V−1 s−1, most of which are orders of magnitude higher than those of their corresponding D‐A polymers. Notably, the hole mobility of 3.35 cm2 V−1 s−1 is among the highest for the quinoidal‐aromatic polymers characterized by conventional spin‐coating methods. Furthermore, the role of electron acceptors in Q‐D‐A polymers has been comprehensively investigated. Polymers with stronger acceptor units are more inclined to deliver edge‐on lamellas, high film crystallinity, small effective hole masses, and decent operational stability. The detailed structure‐property‐device performance relationship will pave the way toward high performance semiconducting polymers using the potent Q‐D‐A strategy.


A series of large-scale repeated-load triaxial tests on a crushed metasandstone railway ballast is described. The effects of different gradings on degradation and accumulation of permanent strain are investigated. The material tested was a mechanically strong ballast aggregate with grading curves similar to the envelope curves in the Norwegian railway ballast specification (EN13450, Category E) and the finer grading in the American Railroad Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association's (AREMA) ballast (AREMA 4) commonly used in the United States on railway mainline tracks. The scope of the research was to assess the influence of grading on ballast breakage and permanent vertical deformation. Breakage and production of fines influence ballast service life, and permanent strain from tamping affects the duration of track alignment. As an approach to simulate the impact from ballast tamping, each test specimen was loaded totally with 4 million load repetitions but dismantled and rebuilt after each 1 million load applications. The results of the study indicate that an increase in average grain size to a single-graded ballast material gives more permanent strain, more ballast breakage, and slightly more production of fines less than 0.063 mm. The recompaction after each tamping operation is the main cause of ballast breakage.


The objective of this study was to find out, if Emotional Intelligence is a strategic asset for managers and employees, specifically within the banking industry of Austria. Consequently, an extensive literature review was done, the findings of the different literature sources were connected and the empirical evidence for the theoretical findings was sought. The author hypothesized that the more emotionally intelligent an employee or a manager is, the higher her/his performance will be. The two hypotheses of a positive correlation between EI and performance were supported by the results of the empirical research. However, the astonishing claims that are made about the effects of EI, which suggest that EI is four times more important than IQ for the overall success, are rather exaggerated. EI for sure contributes to the performance of employees but can only partly explain it. Both IQ and EI are necessary for an employee to prosper resp. these two aspects are important at different stages of a career. EI is especially important, from the author's point of view, in the daily adoption process towards the demand of the constantly changing (human) environment..


This study aims to determine the effect of government spending on education, per capita income and poverty on net enrollment rates in Indonesia. This research is descriptive and associative. The data used is secondary data from 33 provinces in Indonesia in 2014-2021 obtained from related agencies. This study uses panel data regression with the Random Effects Model approach assisted by Eviews 9 software. The variables used are high school enrollment rates (Y), government spending on education (X1), per capita income (X2), poverty (X3). The results of the study show that (1) government spending on education has a positive and significant effect on net enrollment rates at the high school level in Indonesia (2) per capita income has a positive and significant effect on net enrollment rates at the high school level in Indonesia (3) Poverty as a measure of the percentage of poor people has a negative and significant effect on net enrollment rates for secondary schools in Indonesia


Studies show various harmful effects of Kohl on the eye and its related parts which leads to several eye problems as well as the harmful effect on the human body. The use of Kohl causes tear film contamination and severe ocular discomfort. Usage of Kohl increases the debris on the lipid layer of the tear film causing meibomian gland blockage. This results in reduced stability of tear film. Its use also results in external eye infections in children. Application of Kohl in children leads to asymptomatic lead poisoning. Tear film destabilization occurs due to particles migration across the eyelid margin causing poor tear film stability and dry eye symptoms. There are microbial pathogens and toxic metals in Kohl that prove harmful to the human body. The poisoning caused due to the use of Kohl affects the general health and causes different problems like anxiety and irritability, abdominal cramps and anemia, etc.


---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Now a days as we see rate of fuel increases tremendously due to shortage of energy resources as a result of which there is a chance of doping of fuel with some unnecessary elements, which influence green house gas emission from vehicle. In order to increase vehicle efficiency there is much pressure over automobile designers to enhance vehicle design, performance by optimizing vehicle shape more aerodynamically. Aerodynamic drag is one of the main obstacles to accelerate a vehicle when it moves in the air. The aerodynamic drags of a road vehicle is responsible for a large part of the vehicle's fuel consumption and contribute up to 50% of the total vehicle fuel consumption at highway speeds. Review on the research to control air flow separation around vehicle using add-on devices to reduce aerodynamic drag is reported in this paper. The review mainly focuses on the methods employed to prevent or delay air flow separation at the rear end of vehicle. This review intends to provide information on the current approaches and their efficiency in reducing pressure drag of ground vehicles. Researches carried out by a number of researchers with regard to control flow separation by modification of external vehicle geometry attaching spoilers, VGs, diffuser, tail-plate, guide vanes etc. Addition of add-on devices significantly improves aerodynamic efficiency of the passenger car. Hence, the drag force can be reduced by using add-on devices on vehicle and fuel economy, stability of a passenger car can be improved.


Aims To determine the prevalence of subjects eligible for primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) among the British South Asian population and to compare that with British Caucasians. Methods and results We used the Health Survey for England 1998 and 1999 datasets, holding data on 9950 Caucasians and 1938 South Asians. Thresholds for treatment were a total cholesterol > 3.5 mmol/l and either a history of cardiovascular disease or elevated estimated CHD risk, adjusted where necessary for ethnic differences. Separate analyses were performed for primary prevention risk thresholds of > 15% and > 30% over 10 years. The prevalence of previous myocardial infarction, angina, or stroke was higher in South Asian men than in Caucasian but the reverse was seen in women. More than 93% [95% confidence interval (CI) 88–97] of South Asian men and nearly 68% (95% CI 66–71) of Caucasian men older than 55 years have a CHD risk greater than 15% (equivalent to cardiovascular risk of 20%) and a cholesterol above 3.5 mmol/l and would be eligible for treatment with lipid–lowering drugs. The equivalent proportions in women are 55% (95% CI 46–65) and 18% (95% CI 16–20) in South Asians and Caucasians, respectively. Conclusion Treating this proportion of the population will have a societal impact, the majority of older people becoming patients, and although it may well be cost-effective for individuals, it will require substantial new resources.


EMBO Reports (ER): What type of identity can European science establish for itself in comparison with American science or international science in general? Philippe Busquin (PB): This is one of the questions behind our communication on a 'European Research Area,' to specify the nature of the evolution of science in Europe, and here I would make three statements. First: in general, Europe doesn't spend enough money for research and development; it spends 1.2% of its Gross Domestic Product compared to 2.7% in the United States and 3.1% in Japan. I delivered this statement to the Heads of State at the beginning of this year, and they appreciated its significance. Secondly: research in Europe is very fragmented. We have national programmes, as well as a European programme and intergovernmental organizations. But there is not much organized contact between them. My goal is to create links, to create a web. There is work for everyone, which must be optimized by avoiding a duplication of efforts while at the same time merging diverse programmes dealing with similar subjects to give them a sufficient critical mass.


Many large scale PV plants being installed today have solar panels mounted on fixed structures, which leads to lesser generation as they are fixed only at a particular angle. To capture maximum solar insolation, a solar tracker system can be designed which changes its position automatically in accordance with the sun's movement. A PV solar tracker is a system that orients a Solar PV panel toward the sun. Trackers are used to minimize the angle of incidence between the incoming sunlight and a photovoltaic panel. This increases the amount of energy produced from a fixed amount of installed power generating capacity. Thus the primary benefit of a tracking system is to collect solar energy for the longest period of the day.


This paper describes a process used to guide written reflections used for entries in technology portfolios that are required for teacher licensure in North Carolina. While supporting artifacts are important evidence of meeting ISTE's technology standards for teachers (NETS-T), we believe the focus of our electronic technology portfolios should be on our preservice teachers' ability to reflect about their personal and professional uses of technology for teaching and learning. This paper includes an example of an entry from our model electronic portfolio that clearly delineates all the steps of The Reflection Cycle: selection, description, analysis, appraisal, and transformation.


Introduction: CVID diagnosis is based or a marked decrease of lgG and lgM and / or lgA, along with poor specific entibody production. CVID diagnosis has been quesitioned in patients presenting specific lgE (slgE), either evaluated by skin prick-tests (SPT) or peripheral blood quantification. We aimed to evaluated the incidence of lgE-mediated allergy in patients with CVID. Methods: Twenty-three patients with CVID were submitted to a standardized questionnaire to evaluate the prevalence of rhinitis and/or asthma; SPT with a standard aeroallergens battery; total serum IgE measurements and sIgE quantification for a common aeroallergens mixture and for allergens with positive SPT. Results: SPT were positive for at least one aeroallergen in four patients with rhinitis, one of them with asthma complaints. Patients were sensitized to Dermatophagoides, storage mites. Parietaria and grass pollen. Three patients presented measurable total IgE (>2.0 kU/L). Only one patient presented detectable (>0.35 kU/L) sIgE to the common aeroallergens mixuture and to Dermatophagoides mites. Conclusion: We point out the presence of four patients with CVID and simultaneous rhinitis and/or asthma symptoms with positive slgEs to aeroallergens. CVID includes a heterogenic set of patients, reflecting the underlying immunologic defect diversity, and should not be excluded in patients with respiratory allergy. The defect in the production of lgG. lgA and/or lgM may not always be accompanied by a total impairment in IgE-switch.


On 9 January, 2008, the Mw 6.4 earthquake occurred in Gaize, central Tibet of China, then the largest aftershock Mw 5.9 followed on 16th of January. Firstly, we derive the co-seismic deformation field with Synthetic Aperture Radar. The results show an asymmetric deformation pattern both mainshock and aftershock with normal faulting on a NE-striking fault plane. Then we invent for the geometry and the slip-distribution on thedouble-fault models. The result shows that the inverted hypocenter location of Mw 6.4 mainshock and Mw 5.9 aftershock are at 85.30±0.03°E/32.44±0.03°N and 85.27±0.01°E/32.46±0.02°N with strikes of 213.31° and 201°, and with dips of 56° and 54°, respectively. The mainshock upper side is about 2.9km from ground surface, the average slip is 0.74m and the maximum slip is about 2.32m occurring at depth of 7.92km under ground surface, and the average rake over the slipping area is −65.4°, the released scalar moment is 2.19×1018 Nm; The aftershock upper side is about 1.6km from ground surface, the average slip is 0.87m and the maximum slip is about 1.12m occurring at depth of 4.13km under ground surface, and the average rake over the slipping area is −75.0°, the released scalar moment is 1.41×1018 Nm.


Abstract In this paper we characterize the pairs (A−, A+) of disjoint subsets of a perfectly normal topological space which can be separated by a function with a closed graph.


We examine the impact of secondary market structure and liquidity on the cost of capital. In the 1990s trading on Nasdaq transformed from a dealer-oriented over-the-counter market to a market where investors could directly interact with each other. The Order Handling Rules (OHR) reforms that accomplished this were phased in across Nasdaq stocks over time allowing for identification of their impact on firms' cost of capital. We find that OHR significantly reduced the underpricing of seasoned equity offerings by one to two percentage points from a pre-OHR average of 3.6 percent. Using the staggered introduction of the OHR as an instrument shows improved secondary market liquidity drives the reduction in underpricing. Finally, consistent with liquidity impacting asset prices, Nasdaq stocks outperformed NYSE stocks by 11% over the OHR introduction period. * Brugler is at the Department of Finance, University of Melbourne. Comerton-Forde is at the School of Banking and Finance at the UNSW Business School. Hendershott is at the Haas School of Business, University of California. We thank Jeff Smith at Nasdaq for assistance in identifying and understanding the implementation of the Nasdaq reforms. We also thank Frank Hatheway, Ross Levine, and participants at the FINRA and Columbia University Market Structure Conference for helpful comments.


ABSTRACT A commercial slurry manure spreader was modified to use a positive displacement pump driven by a hydraulic motor to control discharge rates for plot studies. The unit has the capabilities of accurately controlling discharge rates in the range of 177 to 620 L/min (47 to 164 gpm) and continuous self weighing. The unit has been tested under field conditions and performed satisfactorily.


The article by Kim and Goldie on the cost effectiveness of including boys in a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme made assumptions about oropharyngeal cancers that are inaccurate.1 The prevalence of HPV in oropharyngeal …


Compliant mechanisms present several design advantages that may be exploited in prosthetic joint design — low friction and wear, low part count, light weight, high reliability, efficient manufacturing and assembly, etc. However, they also come with their share of challenges. For example, in the past compliant mechanisms have not been viable alternatives to rigid-body joints in high compression applications. Two principles, isolation and inversion, can be successfully applied to many compliant joints to increase their ability to withstand high compressive loads and make them viable design alternatives to some current prosthetic joint designs. This paper presents preliminary design concepts for a compliant prosthetic knee. The inverted cross-axis flexural pivot design is selected and a proof of concept prototype is constructed and tested. The prototype exceeds the functional specification of 550 lbs, and satisfies a maximum deflection of 140°, an infinite life for a deflection of 110°, and a weight under 2 lbs.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) may develop from any anatomical subsites in the head and neck region. Chronic tobacco and alcohol consumption together with infection of oncogenic viruses are among wellestablished risk factors for the development of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Head and neck SCC are previously known as a disease of the middle age with a strong association with tobacco and alcohol usage due to its synergistic effect. For the past 10 years, the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) associated OPSCC is increasing worldwide. Generally, surgery or radiotherapy (RT) is the treatment of choice for early-stage squamous cell cancers of the head and neck. In comparison, with locally advanced head and neck cancers where surgery followed by adjuvant RT or chemoradiation are opted [1]. Another major predictor is HPV tumour status where both HPV-positive OPSCC and HPV-negative OPSCC have the same management protocol but HPV positivity has better prognosis when treated with chemoradiotherapy. For operable OPSCC, COMMANDO (Combined Mandibulectomy and Neck Dissection Operation) is one of the approaches constituting primary tumour resection, removing a part of the mandible and neck dissection of the affected cervical lymph nodes. The amount of mandible removed is according to the size and location of the lesion. Tracheostomy is also regularly performed prior. Reconstruction is needed to cover the large mucosal defect with free skin graft and plating of the remaining mandible to preserve the function. For recurrent operable disease, salvage surgery is indicated after curative chemoradiotherapy but depends greatly on location, the extension of the disease, and previous treatment [2]. ABSTRACT


The Wide field Infrared Camera (WIRCam) is one of the 3 workhorse instruments in operation at CFHT. It's mosaic of four HAWAII-2RG is read using two SDSU-III controllers with 32-amplifiers in parallel per detector. First-light images showed that WIRCam suffered from three flavors of cross-talk: the "positive", "negative" and "edge" cross-talks. All have now been eliminated at the source and WIRCam is now cross-talk free. Two of these cross-talks originated from the controller electronic and one, the "edge" cross-talk, is intimately linked to the HAWAII-2RG detector and its description may be of a broader interest for other instruments using these detectors. We present the three cross-talk flavors and the hardware or software solutions implemented to eliminate them.


To the Editor:— The report of Drs. Paulson and Gladsden (The Journal, January 15, page 151) involves a problem of interest to those surgeons performing vagotomy for the therapy of peptic ulcer and to other scientists who attempt to explain the results of this operation. Paulson and Gladsden report that the pyloric sphincter as well as the remainder of the stomach becomes more relaxed after vagotomy and that the delayed gastric evacuation resulting from this operation cannot be due to pylorospasm. This report emphasizes the fact that the physiology of the sphincter is of clinical as well as academic interest. Many investigators, employing rather indirect experimental methods, have concluded that the pyloric sphincter reacts in a manner opposite to the remainder of the stomach. Paulson and Gladsden emphasize that if this were true, vagotomy, which depresses gastric tone and motility, should stimulate the sphincter and retard gastric evacuation by producing


AbstractRetention of material learned in college-style technical courses was measured by a repeated final examination given one year later. Matched groups of students also repeated the final examination six weeks or six months after the end of the courses. The six-month group showed almost no loss over the year. The six-week group suffered about the same considerable loss as did a control group with no intervening examination. Questionnaire measures indicated that students who used over 10 percent of the examined material in their average monthly work also forgot very little. Apparently, course-acquired knowledge can be kept fresh over long periods by small amounts of properly spaced review activities.