Background: Maternal heart disease is associated with impaired placentation and adverse neonatal outcomes, but whether it increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the association between pre-existing maternal cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and intellectual disability (ID) in offspring. Methods: This cohort study used register data of 3,587,257 singletons live-born without major malformations in Sweden and British Columbia (BC), Canada during 1990-2019. The incidence of ADHD, ASD, and ID, comparing offspring of mothers with versus without CVD, was calculated as adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs). Paternal CVD was used as negative-control exposure. Fixed-effect meta-analysis was used to combine the estimated aHRs in two countries. Results: Offspring of mothers with CVD had 1.15-fold higher aHRs of ADHD (95% CI: 1.10-1.20) and ASD (95% CI: 1.07-1.22) compared with offspring of mothers without CVD. No association was found between maternal CVD and ID. Stratification by maternal CVD subtypes showed increased hazards of ADHD for maternal heart failure (aHR 1.31; 95% CI: 1.02-1.61), cerebrovascular disease (aHR 1.20; 95% CI: 1.08-1.32), congenital heart disease (aHR 1.18; 95% CI: 1.08-1.27), arrhythmia (aHR 1.13; 95% CI: 1.08-1.19), and valvular heart disease (aHR 1.12; 95% CI: 1.00-1.24). Increased hazards of ASD were observed for maternal cerebrovascular disease (aHR 1.25; 95% CI: 1.04-1.46), congenital heart disease (aHR 1.17; 95% CI: 1.01-1.33), and arrythmia (HR 1.12; 95% CI: 1.01-1.21). Paternal CVDs, except for cerebrovascular disease, did not show associations. Conclusions: Pre-existing maternal CVD was associated with excess risk of ADHD and ASD in offspring. The associations were broadly robust to genetic confounding, warranting further research to identify potential intrauterine mechanisms.


We developed an experimental method for the determination of the tracer diffusivity D(tr) in ultrathin polymer films, and the changes in the segmental mobility of tracer molecules while they diffuse through matrices of different thickness and get adsorbed onto a target substrate. D(tr) starts decreasing already at 120-150  nm and drops to 1% of its bulk value in films as thin as 7.5  nm. We discuss the results highlighting a strong decoupling between the reduction in mass transport at the nanoscale and the increase in the glass transition temperature determined via capacitive dilatometry together with a breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation between orientational and translational degrees of freedom.


(57) Abstract: Compounds which bind to VLA-4 is disclosed. Some of these compounds, leukocyte adhesion, specifically inhibit leukocyte adhesion mediated VLA-4. These compounds. Mammals, such as inflammatory diseases in a human patient, for example, asthma, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, AIDS dementia, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, tissue transplantation, tumor metastasis, and useful for the treatment of myocardial ischemia is there. These compounds can also be administered for the treatment of inflammatory brain diseases such as multiple sclerosis.


The use of wireless networks on environments with real-time constrains requires timeliness and dependability guarantees to allow the execution of time-restricted networked operations. The current wireless standards and state-of-the-art solutions pay no or little attention to dependability aspects of communications, which are fundamental to secure any timeliness guarantee. This paper presents an innovative standard-compliant solution, dubbed Mediator Layer, which extends the MAC sublayer with additional components that can be incorporated within networked simulators and implemented in currently available hardware platforms. Thus, the Mediator Layer enhances and complements the services traditionally offered by wireless network standards, providing a set of fundamental abstractions useful for both system design and application programming.


We concentrate on a family of Discrete Event Dynamic Systems DEDS modelled with Petri nets and obtained from a simple modular design principle that include in a controlled way primitives to deal with concur rency decisions synchronization blocking and bulk movements of jobs Many assembly systems with complex behaviours at the machine level can be described with the class of DEDS under study We present a structure based decomposition technique and use a xed point search iterative process based on response time preservation of subsystems to approximate the throughput An extensive battery of numerical experiments has shown that the error is less than and that the state space is usually reduced by more than one order of magnitude


Hardness, friction and wear characteristics of electrodeposited RE-Ni-W-P-B4C-PTFE composite coatings were studied, and the reason for these fine characteristics was explained in respect of structure. The results show that 1)the structure of RE-Ni-W-P-B4C-PTFE composite coatings experiences a transformation process from amorphous to mixture then to crystal as the heat-treatment temperature rises; 2) incorporating of B4C greatly increases the hardness of the coating; 3) the wear resistance of the coating is best with heat-treatment for 1 h at 300 ℃, which is greatly superior to that of the other traditional coatings.


We present the results of an experience in the second year of engineering. The teacher propose to the students conceptual questions, which they must solve, first individually and then in group. The results showed that after a discussion process increases the percentage of hits, as well as student participation.


Objective To compare nucleated cell viability between the fresh and the long-term cryopreserved PBSC collections,to assist the judgment on the activity of PBSC.Methods Among the total 47 samples of PBSC collections,frozen samples were divided into two groups:group 1(cryopreserred for 2~4 years,n=26) and group 2(cryopreservd for 5~7 years,n=9) ;fresh samples(n=12) were taken as control.Flow cytometry method(FCM) based on 7AAD or caspase-3 staining was applied to assess the degree of cell necrosis(7AAD+) or apoptosis(caspase-3+) in cryopreserved and red-cell lytic collection samples.Results Both the necrosis and apoptosis levels of group 1 and group 2 were higher than those of control group(P0.05);apoptosis cell of group 2 was more than that of group 1(35.6%±17.51% to 24.14±16.87%,P=0.031).Conclusion Compared with the fresh PBSC collections,the long-term frozend ones had decreased NCs viabilities.


Aspect of the present invention, galectin - provides a composition for use in the treatment of dependency diseases. In particular, skeletal is predominantly the 1,4-linked galacturonic acid (Gal A) moiety, fewer skeletal components than the side chain of any number, for example, mainly l, 4-beta-D-galactose (Gal) and it binds alternately to the 1,5-α-L- arabinose (Ara) residues, consisting of alternating 1,4-linked (Gal a) portion and a 1,2-linkage rhamnose (Rha), selectively depolymerised the branched Garakutoarabino - composition comprising rhamnogalacturonase sulfonates are provided.


As feature sizes become increasingly smaller in integrated circuits, the occurrence of resist-pattern defects (resist poisoning) has become a serious problem in Back End Of Line (BEOL) Dual Damascene (DD) processing. Against this background, we have researched a bi-layer silylation process as one type of multi-layer process and evaluated its effectiveness as a countermeasure to resist poisoning. In the bi-layer silylation process, two layers of chemically amplified resist (CAR) are formed on novolac, and after wet-developing the upper CAR layer by an alkali developer, a silylation reaction is generated to make the resist pattern resistant to O2 reactive ion etching (RIE). We found that the bi-layer silylation process was an effective countermeasure to resist poisoning in a methylsilsesquioxane (MSQ) DD structure with a 160-nm via, and that a 160-nm MSQ DD structure could be formed. We also found that the occurrence of resist poisoning depended greatly on the surface conditions of the via structure and on the resist-ashing technique.


This chapter discusses the networked regionalised development opportunity for countries in transition that do not yet have sufficient industry. Through network models, companies or entrepreneurs of these countries would develop by collective actions to create and exploit new efficient process, minimize risk or maximize competitive performance, especially as premises to FDI or international collocation industrial processes. Here we propose a new form of entrepreneurship network we call "network teams" ; it seems also suited to the format of integrated industrial platforms in emerging economies. Entrepreneurship network team is a concept built by a composite approach of spatial and geographical economics on one hand, and by a sociological and managerial approach on the other hand. This work thus raises the question of whether the « network teams » are essential to the development of an economy in transition. This adds to its predisposition to "clustering". Before we focus on the case of an economy in transition, we first address the question of favorable key factors to network teams in the framework of a market economy. To illustrate this, Algeria presents interest because this country, which manifests an intention to promote its industrial investments, shows a lag in the development of innovation and industrialization networking.


Aim: Immobilization and a sedentary lifestyle are correlated with an elevated risk of both arterial and venous thrombosis. The goal of this research was to investigate whether markers associated wi ...


There is an incorrect value in the print issue (volume 25, issue 3, June 2004). On page 703, 12 lines from the bottom, the text 'we get an error of 3.7 °C' should read as 'we get an error of 0.3 °C'. This inaccuracy also appeared in the full-text online PDF file but was corrected on 28 June 2004.


In 1920, Drug Topics' readers were greeted by a new and somewhat different magazine. After 35 years of ownership by drug wholesaler McKesson & Robbins (now McKesson), the monthly magazine for druggists and their salesmen was now run by the independent Topics Publishing Co.


Abstract A new cocrystal based upon 2,2'-diamino-4,4'-bis(1,3-thiazole) and 4,4'-bipyridine has been synthesized and characterized. Self-assembly of this compound in the solid state is likely caused by both hydrogen boding and π-π stacking, and the network contains large vacant voids.


Background: Tumor mutation burden (TMB) is arising as a useful marker of checkpoint inhibitors' effectiveness in cancer patients in general and has been proposed as predictive in breast cancers. Despite the initial success of checkpoint inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer, ER-positive breast cancers are less amenable to immunotherapy treatments due to the lower immunogenicity of this subset, associated with lower TMB and less pronounced inflammatory cell infiltration. However, a minority of ER-positive breast cancers do have a higher TMB and could be targets of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Methods: This investigation uses publicly available genomic data to examine ER-positive/HER2-negative or luminal breast cancers with high mutation numbers and compare them with cancers of the same subtype and low mutation numbers. Clinical characteristics and molecular correlates according to mutation numbers are described. Results: ER-positive/HER2-negative and luminal breast cancers with high mutation numbers have a higher prevalence of PIK3CA mutations and in some of the series examined mutations in TP53 and CDH1. A significant proportion of cancers with high mutation numbers carry mutations in microsatellite instability genes and genes involved in DNA damage response. Despite these differences, the prognosis of ER-positive/HER2-negative and luminal breast cancers with high mutation numbers is not significantly different compared to counterparts with lower mutation counts. Conclusions: These data may inform the potential suitability of these cancers for immunotherapy and could guide the development of rational combination therapies based on immune checkpoint inhibitors with other targeted drugs.


Nowadays,the smart phone has not only the basic functions,such as calling and answering function,sending and receiving SMS,but also new services,such as Web,Email,MMS,radio,video.As information age is coming,Email,as a communicating method,is acceptable widely to provide many advantages for people.The Email has already become the importance part of smart phone.A CAR component-based smart phone application development model,which has the characteristic of clear structure,component loose-coupling,modules reuseable and self-updatable,has been applied in the practice of Elastos smart phone application development.Introduced the applied structure of the smart phone,based on Elastos platform,focusing on Email system's design and implementation.


Data on the composition of benthic foraminiferal faunas at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 575 in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean were combined with benthic and planktonic carbon- and oxygen-isotope records and CaCO 3 data. Changes in the composition of the benthic foraminiferal faunas at Site 575 predated the middle Miocene period of growth of the Antarctic ice cap and cooling of the deep ocean waters by about 2 m.y., and thus were not caused by this cooling (as has been proposed). The benthic faunal changes may have been caused by increased variability in corrosivity of the bottom waters, possibly resulting from enhanced productivity in the surface waters.


The dynamics of strongly correlated fermions following an external excitation reveals extremely rich collective quantum effects. Examples are fermionic atoms in optical lattices, electrons in correlated materials, and dense quantum plasmas. Presently, the only quantum-dynamics approach that rigorously describes these processes in two and three dimensions is nonequilibrium Green functions (NEGF). However, NEGF simulations are computationally expensive due to their T 3 scaling with the simulation duration T . Recently, T 2 scaling was achieved with the generalized Kadanoff–Baym ansatz (GKBA) which has substantially extended the scope of NEGF simulations. Here we present a novel approach to GKBA-NEGF simulations that is of order T , and demonstrate its remarkable capabilities.


An equilibrium solution for predicting the ultimate capacity of plate girders have rectangular cut-outs is presented and is based on the post-buckled strengths of webs in shear. Ultimate strength tests on thin-walled webs containing a rectangular cut-out are also presented. The parameters varied included the plate-aspect ratio, web slenderness and the size of the hole. Theoretical predictions obtained by the proposed analytical method are compared with the tests results, and found to be safe and satisfactory. (Author/TRRL)


In the process of economic transition, the former socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe have had to grapple with establishing an appropriate institutional framework for sustainable development. Market stimuli send contradictory signals to economic agents, whose interests sometimes drive them towards unsustainable development, including environmentally damaging production and consumption, and inequitable distribution of national wealth. The fulfilment of the criteria for sustainable development supposes the existence of a set of governmental and non-governmental institutions that play an active role in the harmonization of private and public interests. Results of this analysis in the region of Eastern Europe support the hypothesis that some of the basic principles of institutional conceptualization need to be adapted to the specific political and socio-economic environment.


Discusses bird activity observed in a short-rotation intensive culture Populus plantation over 5 years, from site preparation into the sixth growing season


Abstract The initial domain structure was investigated in Z-cut plates of lithium tantalate crystal with various spatially nonuniform distributions of Li concentration along the polar axis formed by VTE annealing of different durations. The composition gradient resulted in formation of single domain layers near the polar surfaces. The single tail-to-tail charged domain wall formed in the center of the sample, where the composition gradient changed its sign. Nonuniform shape of the charged domain wall was attributed to the pyroelectric field. It was demonstrated that the shape of isolated domains changed with depth depending on the composition variation.


The major risk factors which we have been hearing since decades for causing hypertension are high salt diet, obesity, hyperlipidaemia, age, race, consuming tobacco, sedentary lifestyle, stress, drinking too much alcohol etc. However, there are many studies which shows that sugar, fats and low vitamin d levels are equally responsible for causing hypertension. The article will put forward some interesting points to show that sugars, fats and vitamin d levels equally play an important role in causing hypertension.


ABSTRACT In this reflective piece, I consider how the pandemic has exposed the vulnerability of Australian universities. I argue that government and university management have been careless of international students and academics and their health and wellbeing, with significant equity and long-term effects as to the role of the university in a democracy.


Applied tracers have been widely used for site characterization in natural hydrogeologic systems; here, we provide examples of their utility in elucidating complex flow patterns within heterogeneous tailings matrices and in the development of engineered approaches to mitigate tailing-water interactions and support reclamation. We present several examples where applied tracers, such as fluorescein, bromide, and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), were injected into legacy tailings and their transport behavior was characterized by arrival at nearby wells. These examples demonstrate the potential value of applied tracer studies in understanding, managing, and reclaiming mill tailings and reducing their potential to pollute groundwater.


With the rapid development of Web application, the appearance of map service and other new services have enriched Web application services.How to improve the efficiency and interactivity of Web applications and make it closer to desktop applications becomes a focus issue.Working principles of AJAX are introduced.Then an integrated AJAX approach applied in the secondary development based on map services are put forward,which changes the model of user interactivity to be asynchronous and improves the efficiency of Web applications.


Health is one of the basic needs of every human being. Covid-19 pandemic has challenged existing healthcare systems around the world, so the development of information technology is increasing. This article is aimed to create a teledentistry applica-tion based on the appstore and playstore for dental practice during the Covid-19 pandemic. Implementation method includes conducting literature studies, requirements engineering, system design, system implementation anddrawing conclusions and suggestions. The result show tested functionality on application features is directly proportional to the expected result. It was concluded that the design of an android-based teledentistry application in dental practice can simplify the service process, help increase time effectiveness in the dental clinic service process, increase the efficiency of the recording system in dental clinic services quickly and accurately. And the design of this system canhelp minimize losses due to errors in recording patient data.


Physical, sensory, microbiological and chemical analyses were carried out on jack mackerel during 23 days of storage in ice. Sensory results indicate that jack mackerel used in this trial had a shelf-life of 7 days. Aerobic plate counts never exceeded 106/g flesh during the first 11 days. The K value reached 20% after 7 days. Trimethylamine, total volatile base, pH and thiobarbituric acid analyses were not good indicators of changes in quality during the shelf-life. Proximate analyses were carried out on representative samples of the fish.


To develop a shapable bulk antibacterial nanocomposite biomaterial for bone regeneration. A bulk agarose–gelatine hydrogel was mineralized using a hydrogel mineralizing system aided with electrophoresis, and the mineralized hydrogel was loaded with minocycline to obtain the agarose–gelatine–hydroxyapatite–minocycline nanocomposite. The nanocomposite had a large Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 44.4518 m2 g−1 and a high porosity of 76.9%. Hydroxyapatite crystals were well developed in the hydrogel matrix and exhibited a hybrid structure of microscale and nanoscale motifs. The addition of minocycline resulted in a continuous antibiotic release, inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus over 2 weeks in vitro. Exposed to rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, the nanocomposite revealed good cytocompatibility in vitro. Furthermore, the biomaterial could effectively enhance the bone regeneration in a critical-size rabbit cranial defect model in vivo. These findings depicted that the nanocomposite, with good biocompatibility and good antibacterial property, is a promising candidate for future clinical application in bone tissue engineering or as a prospective bone replacement biomaterial.


A first terminal, a second terminal and the pre When a specified time elapses, and the transport key are invalidated including networking auxiliary device providing the first terminal or the second terminal, the first terminal is encrypted network key with the transmission It said first and sent to the second terminal, the second terminal can store the decryption key, the network key, transmitting the encrypted key to the transport, and easily commissioning the terminal is a network system in which the security can be improved is provided.


Rydsaa et al. present an interesting investigation into changes to the near-surface atmosphere resulting from vegetation change, with a particular focus on near-surface temperatures. They use the WRF model to compare simulations where the vegetation extent is (i) based on present day climate distributions, and (ii) relating to a 1K increase in summer temperatures, relative to the current vegetation distribution. The authors also considered the sensitivity of this response to inter-annual variability. Based on the results presented in this manuscript, the authors suggest that tall shrubs are key to a summer warming feedback but that the main impact of shrub expansion is on advancing the onset of snowmelt in the spring, thus inducing a positive feedback to spring temperatures. In terms of inter-annual differences, the authors propose that


The unimolecular decomposition of HCOH⋅+ (and its deuterated analogs) to HCO+ and H⋅ has been studied using classical trajectories on a symmetry‐invariant reaction path potential. The potential is based on an intrinsic reaction path of an ab initio Hartree–Fock surface. A group‐theoretical procedure is applied to ensure that both hydrogens of HCOH⋅+ are treated equivalently. Classical trajectories on this surface show a nonequivalent distribution of products, the bias of which is mass dependent, despite rapid energy redistribution. The reaction mechanism and the role of energy redistribution are described, and a new interpretation of experimental data is proposed.


A new relative magnetic permeability is defined for permanent magnets, which advantageously allows
to approach the non-linearity of demagnetization curve of permanent magnets. Also, using the defined quantity,
we have demonstrated another form of the theorem of refraction for the surface of separation between two
isotropic materials with permanent magnetization. A practical example where the defined quantities are used is
presented.


It is important for science teachers to make evaluations of chemical atmospheres in science laboratories so that serious health problems can be avoided.


Based on the definition,classification and analysis methods of voltage stability intro-duced in the first part,general static and dynamic load models are described in this paper for its significant effect on the voltage stability.The influence of the load characteristic on voltage stability is also analyzed.Several typical scenarios of voltage instability are presented,including the mid- long-term voltage instabilities,the voltage collapse,the rising voltage instability.Counter-measures are reactive compensation,transformer tap emergency control,generation rescheduling,load shedding,and so on.Issues needing further study are pointed out:the voltage stability mechanism;the effect of generators on voltage stability;the voltage stability considering the power quality demand;the relationship between voltage and angle stabilities;the quantitative index for voltage stability;static and dynamic models considering the load characteristic;the effect of DC transmission on voltage stability,and so on.


The cluster head is playing an important role in clustering wireless sensor networks. If a malicious or compromised node is elected as the cluster head, it'll be a disaster to the whole network. In light of this, we present a trust cluster head election algorithm based on ant colony system. Experiments and results demonstrate our framework can effectively prevent the malicious nodes from being selected as a cluster head.


Rupture of laminate cracks has not been addressed t o any great extent in literature. Because of their anisotropic nature it is difficult to entirely envisage their mechanical characteristics and behaviour , particularly if they are produced with complicated architectures, as in the case of the woven reinforcements. This work is designed to provide mo re details on the effect of the orientation and site of the layers on the propagation of the crack in the l(2D). The results show that the orientatio n has a significant effect on starting and the propagatio n of crack. The initialisation and the development of the zone of damage (ZE) are studied by using the techni que of correlation of digital image (CID). Mots-clefs : Stratifies ; Endommagement ; Propagation de fissure


Boundary value problem on time scales is fairly a new subject and has great importance in mathematics. In this study, we explore an eigenvalue problem for Dirac system with separated boundary conditions on an arbitrary time scale . Recent results in the literature about spectral theory of classical Dirac system as orthogonality of eigenfunctions and simplicity of the eigenvalues are generalized and improved. Furthermore, some eigenfunction estimates of the first and second canonic forms for Dirac system are established on . These results will provide a significant contribution to the development of the spectral theory on time scales.


The paper considers a method for the evaluation of the power plant steam turbines operating modes efficiency. The efficiency is evaluated by comparing the specific heat rate for power generation in the reporting period with a similar indicator in the reference period reduced to the reporting period by key influencing parameters. A specific feature of the analyzed method is the reliable consideration of external influencing factors for obtaining the efficiency evaluation under compatible conditions. In particular, such external factors include the characteristics of steam, feed water, heat rate for turbine heat extraction and cleaning mode of the turbine condenser. The impact of the condenser cleaning mode on the efficiency of the turbine operating mode is considered based on the data clustering. The Affinity Propagation method has been selected for data clustering, as its special feature is working with the variable sizes and form of clusters. The efficiency evaluation with a crew-by-crew breakdown of the results allows introducing a competitive feature between the crews (operating personnel), which, in turn, will benefit from the improved efficiency of the operating modes of steam turbines. An example of evaluation based on statistical operating data for power plant turbine showing the leader among the crews according to the considered performance indicator is given. The considered method is implemented in the automated power plant energy efficiency management system, which is overviewed in the article.


Liquid-Phase Sintering (LPS) is a conventional fabrication route for the densification of alumina and other ceramics. The polycrystalline ceramics processed by LPS contain siliceous phases along the grain boundaries. This wetting of the grain boundaries has a strong dependence on the crystallography of the boundary. The liquid preferentially wets certain orientations while some special boundaries are 'dry'. The mechanism of dewetting of these boundaries is not well understood. Several approaches have been adopted to study the nature of the liquid-solid interaction at the grain boundaries. In commercial alumina, anorthite is the most commonly found intergranular phase. Basal twist boundaries in alumina which contain a thin layer of anorthite glass have been investigated in the present study. Pulsed laser deposition has been used to deposit thin films of anorthite glass on optically flat basal sapphire. The substrate-film assembly is then bonded to an optically polished basal sapphire by sintering the assembly at 1650°C for 2h.


In this study, an analytical model for roadside unit (RSU) location is proposed. The objective of the model is to promote information propagation on two parallel roadways in vehicular ad hoc networks. The information propagation is achieved through multi-hop vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication. The relationship between the information travel time from one RSU to another and the distance between the two RSUs are derived. The RSU location problem is formulated as a shortest path problem and then as an integer linear programming. The proposed model is applicable for traffic flow with a general vehicle headway distribution. A detailed comparison between the proposed model and an existing RSU location model is conducted through Monto Carlo simulation experiments under different vehicle headway distributions, traffic densities, budget sizes, and road separation distances. The results indicate that the proposed model outperforms the existing model in all cases. Moreover, it is shown that it is necessary to consider the general vehicle headway distribution and road separation in RSU locations that are focused on information propagation promotion.


The Cifelli Lab at the University of Oklahoma, USA, both championed and systematized the use of nested screenboxes for sediment processing in the effort to isolate microvertebrate fossil remains. These particular methods have become the standard of the industry and are capable of winnowing thousands of kilograms of matrix down to quantities that can be reasonably picked through by hand. Other methods for screenwashing using non-traditional materials have been suggested, including nylon mesh bags and paint sieves. In this brief report, the efficacy of both of those newer materials is systemically analyzed and the pros and cons of all three methods are discussed.


The in vitro conidial morphology of Mycosphaerella fijiensis was characterised using phase contrast microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Conidial formation was described as blastic and hologenous, conidiophores as primarily local, and conidial formation as apical and/or subapical, successive and solitary. Although in vitro production of conidia has been commonly used for artificial inoculations, this is the first time that the in vitro conidial formation of M. fijiensis has been described.


Neutronics analyses are now in progress to support initial selection of target system design features, materials, geometry, and component sizes for the proposed Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). Calculations have been performed to determine the neutron, proton, heavy ion, and gamma-ray flux spectra as a function of time, energy, and space for the major components of the target station (target, moderators, reflectors, etc.). These analyses were also performed to establish an initial set of performance characteristics for the neutron source. The methodology, reference performance characteristics, and results of initial optimization studies involving moderator poison plate location, target material performance, reflector performance, moderator position and premoderator performance for the target system are presented in this paper.


Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (DLBCL-NOS) is a subtype of large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with various clinical and pathological manifestations. DLBCL-NOS which primarily arises from maxillary sinus is rare and hard to diagnose due to unique anatomy. Here, we present a case of DLBCL-NOS that developed in the left maxillary sinus of a 72-year-old male, who presented with severe toothache that resembled acute pulpitis. The lesion was diagnosed and treated based on radiographs, histological, immunohistological examinations, and PET-CT analysis. Despite its rare incidence, DLBCL-NOS should still be included in differential diagnoses to rule out malignancy in cases of endodontic disease.


We investigate the effects of scale-free disorder on the metal-insulator transition. Scale-free disorder is characterized by an autocorrelation function decaying asymptotically as r(-alpha). We study the dependence of the localization-length exponent v on the correlation-strength exponent a. We find that for fixed disorder W, there is a critical alpha(c), such that for alpha alpha(c), nu retains the value of the uncorrelated system in accordance with the extended Harris criterion. At the band center, nu is independent of a but equal to that of the uncorrelated system.


Project for Craft and Decorative Arts in America. (0.8 linear ft.) This addition to the papers of California ceramic and funk artist Clayton Bailey contains correspon dence (1988-1994) from the California State Univer sity at Hayward, where he taught, and letters (1979-1989) from the National Council on Education for Ceramic Arts, on whose board Bailey served. There are also glaze formulas and Bailey's publica tions, including The Unnatural Enquirer documenting . his activities and his alter ego, Dr. Gladstone.


The pertinent choice of flip-flop topologies is an essential importance in the design of VLSI integrated circuits for high speed and high performance MODFET circuits. Understanding the suitability of flipflops and selecting the best topology for a given application is an important issue to fulfill the need of the design to satisfy low power and high performance circuit. This paper enumerates high speed design of JKflip-flop using AlGaAs/GaAs MODFET. The proposed Flip Flop is having less number of transistors than existing designs. Simulation results show lowest average power and least delay than existing designs. This Flip-Flop having less number of transistors. It can be efficiently used in VLSI ICs. In the verification by simulation, the proposed flip-flops appear to have better speed of operation. It is simple and suitable to SPICE simulation of hybrid digital ICs.


Introduction: Several studies have found a relationship between familial breast cancer (BC) and pancreatic cancer (PC). Known genes associated with both BC and PC include BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, STK11, and possibly others. For carriers of pathogenic germline variants (PGVs) in these genes with family history of PC (FHPC), pancreas surveillance is recommended and can lead to an earlier detection of disease. Current genetics practice typically involves use of multi-gene panel (MGP) testing covering all of these genes linked to both cancers, but not all patients have had complete testing leading to likely under appreciation of PC risk in BC cohorts. With improved treatment options and survival for BC and ovarian cancer in PGV carriers, we may begin to observe an increased prevalence of PC in this group. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics including genetic testing uptake and outcomes in BC patients with and without a family history of pancreatic cancer (FHPC). Methods: We queried the Institutional Breast Cancer Database, which includes patients diagnosed with BC between January 2010 and December 2018. Variables analyzed included FHPC in a first or second-degree relative, and other clinical and tumor characteristics. Statistical analyses included Pearson's Chi Square and logistic regression. Results: A total of 232 BC patients (7%) had a positive FHPC, including 115 (50%) with a first-degree relative and 117 (50%) with other relatives affected. When comparing BC patients with and without any FHPC, those with FHPC were 1.93 times more likely to be of White race (p Conclusions: Within a contemporary cohort of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients, 7% had a positive FHPC. Although these patients were more likely than those without FHPC to have genetic testing, the majority, 77%, had incomplete or no genetic testing suggesting likely under-diagnosis of PC risk. Our study underscores the importance of querying and documenting FHPC in patients with BC and the consideration of germline testing and evaluation for pancreas surveillance in these patients and their family members. Citation Format: Annie Wang, Jessica Everett, Jennifer Chun, Elianna Kaplowitz, Diane Simeone, Freya Schnabel. Family history of pancreatic cancer and the prevalence of pathogenic germline variants in a contemporary cohort of newly diagnosed breast cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-08-24.


Tom French does not hold an MFA in creative writing nor does he teach creative writing in a university. He writes neither experimental, nor strictly formal nor LGBT poetry. What he does write is lyric poetry in its simplest, purist and most engaging form. The Fire Step, French's second collection with The Gallery Press, makes it clear that in the eight years that separate Touching the Bones and this new collection, French has continued to record his delicate perceptions of family, friends and...


Rainfall is one of the most common climate phenomena. How to make the forecasts as accurate as possible is an extremely difficult problem. In this paper, we set up a statistical model by the actual data from 91 site location. We present a distribution map of the 91 site and 2491 grid node according to their latitude and longitude. First we calculate the predicted data of these 91 site location by applying the binary cubic interpolation method. Combining the actual data, we carry out the fitting analysis by an optimal fitting method. We can find that the residual error from this fitting method between the predicted data and the actual data is small. After analyzing the quality of the result we present appraisal of our rainfall forecast method.


Flexible display device according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a flat portion, a plurality of fixed light-emitting device, of said plurality that are each attached to an upper surface of the plane portion the elastic substrate, and the plurality of protrusions comprises a plurality of protrusions protruding than each located between the protrusion and may include a plurality of connections that interconnect the plurality of light emitting devices including a plurality of moving light-emitting device, the plurality of fixing the light emitting element and the plurality of moving light-emitting element that is movable wire.


Roach, rudd, bream and their natural hybrids of 2 cm standard length or larger can be definitively identified by their enzyme electrophoretic patterns. Zymograms of lactate dehydrogenase and esterases as produced by vertical starch gel electrophoretic analysis of whole fry or adult eye extracts are the most useful in this respect. The lactate dehydrogenase isozymes, containing B sub-units, migrate more anodally in rudd and bream than in roach. Due to the tetrameric structure of lactate dehydrogenase, in hybrid rudd x roach and roach x bream, eleven isozymes can be observed as compared with six in the parental patterns. Esterases show unique patterns for all species and hybrids. With the exception of one fraction in rudd x bream, the esterase patterns of hybrids show summations of the parental phenotypes.


Several mathematically based multidisciplinary design strategies are illustrated with an exploratory multidisciplinary analysis and optimization package on a simple example problem. These examples are used to motivate a discussion of required data handling and processing modules. These requirements envision a situation where some disciplines may have computationally expensive analysis capabilities and where not all disciplines have easily available approximations for all required quantities and Optimization Conferences. The second is a more ad hoc approach which is evolving from the traditional design and analysis communities and is typified more by a Multidisciplinary Analysis capability that is evolving in the commercial CAD and CAE environments. These environments envision a common parametric description of the artifact and an ability to generate input information for several disciplines from this format. Then analyses will be performed using complex commercial or proprietary codes and decisions made on how to modify the initial design. This process is usually characterized by significant human interaction to develop the artifact model, generate the analysis models, execute the analysis models and finally to examine the output and make decisions. The formal mathematical approach tends to use much simpler and easily modified local analysis methods (that execute on the order of minutes or seconds) and to concentrate on multidisciplinary design algorithms which interact with the analysis methods in an almost automatic fashion.


Pathogenic FLA are ubiquitous protozoans and despite frequent human contact remain a rare cause of often devastating infectionwith poor prognosis. Given changes in climate, human encroachment into the environment, increasing immunosuppression, and improving diagnostic capacity, it is likely we will see increased cases in the future. Early diagnosis is challenging but crucial to achieving a favourable outcome. It is best facilitated by improved awareness of FLA disease, appropriate clinical suspicion and early diagnostic testing.


Objective:To investigate the roles of bFGF and TGFβ 1 in the process of human heart hypertrophy induced by overload. Method:bFGF and TGFβ 1 gene expression were detected by immunochemistry and in situ hybridization in 32 human hypertrophied heart(right and left ventricle,each 16).Result:The results showed that bFGF and TGFβ 1 expression were elevated significantly in hypertrophic myocardium (P 0.05 , 0.01 ).Conclusion:It is demonstrated that bFGF and TGFβ 1 may play a role in the mechanism of human heart hypertrophy induced by overload.


Diamond thin films have been produced on Si (111) wafers by electron-assisted hot filament CVD method. The influence of the different substrate temperatures on film quality has been investigated by micro-Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Micro-Raman analysis of films grown at the substrate temperature of 600°C showed a good film quality (a sharp Raman peak with a FWHM of 5.9 cm -1 ). The ratio of D and G bands and the ratio of diamond peak to the G band changes with substrate temperature. The FWHM of X-ray diffraction lines as well as the ratio of (111) and (220) lines have been investigated. The preferred crystallite orientation varies as result of different deposition conditions.


Women whose jobs expose them to physically difficult and psychologically stressful conditions are at increased risk of having an infant who is small for gestational age and the risk increases with the number of such conditions if they remain throughout pregnancy. However according to a study of women who gave birth in Quebec Canada in the late 1990s if potentially detrimental conditions are removed before 24 weeks gestation a woman is at no greater risk than she would have been if the conditions had not existed at the start of her pregnancy. The study population consisted of women who delivered live singleton infants in six regions of Quebec between January 1997 and March 1999. To examine the relationship between occupational conditions and having an infant who was small for gestational age (i.e. whose birth weight was below the 10th percentile for gestational age) researchers conducted telephone interviews shortly after delivery with women who had worked at least 20 hours per week and had only one job at a time while pregnant. During the computer-assisted interview women provided details about their work schedule the posture and physical effort demanded by their job the structure of their workday (e.g. breaks and work process) psychosocial conditions on the job (e.g. psychological demands and womens latitude to make decisions) and workplace environment (e.g. noise and exposure to secondhand smoke). They also provided information about their obstetric history medical profile family responsibilities and socioeconomic characteristics and about their newborns characteristics. A total of 5977 women completed interviews -- 1536 whose infant was small for gestational age and 4441 controls. (excerpt)


This paper analyzed current problems and challenges facing hospitals in alarm management both abroad and at home. Based on a survey conducted on alarm management in hospitals, plus an analysis on different kinds of data interfaces and data exchange protocols of the medical equipment used in ICUs, a solution of alarm management is put forwarded which is based on alarm information integration and processing. It aims at improving medical equipment alarm management and reducing relevant adverse events.


Semiconductor manufacturing is always aiming for an accurate capacity planning that is able to optimize the utilization of the resources especially in machine loading problems. There are two main approaches being studied to solve the problem: linear programming-based and bio-inspired approaches. Recently, more studies are focusing on bio-inspired approaches, where amongst them, genetic algorithm (GA) is being the most popular one. We propose a constraint-chromosome (CCGA) to solve this problem by applying the workable chromosome representation to the domain problem. The approach developed helps to avoid from getting trapped at local minima and is able to search for more solutions. This method is chosen to allow the running of GA in its original form as well as to ensure the computation is straightforward and simple. The objective of the algorithm is to optimize the utilization of the machines that leads to an increase in the company's overall profit. It has been found that the proposed CCGA is able to propose good solution to the problem.


Purpose - Reverse floating interest rate-linked structured products are important innovative products for investors to achieve a relatively high yield at low interest rates, and the reasonable pricing of such products is an important factor to influence investors' needs and issuers' profits. The purpose of this paper is to empirically analyze the rationality of the pricing of reverse floating interest rate-linked products. Design/methodology/approach - This paper combines the Ito's Lemma and introduces the Black-Derman-Toy (BDT) model into the time-varying volatility to build a binary tree interest rates BDT model under the time-varying volatility, and to establish the pricing model of reverse floating interest rate-linked products. Dozens of product data of ABN AMRO Bank and other world-renowned banks or financial institutions are empirically analyzed. Findings - The results show that the average pricing of these products is high, and the expected rate of return of the product is lower than the same period of the Five-year US Treasury Bill rate. Originality/value - This paper has combined the theory and practice together. The research method described in this paper is of significance to the pricing of interest rate-linked structured products, and the pricing method of binary tree BDT model to solve the term structure of interest rates and estimation problem of volatility term structure of interest rates.


The debate about whether insurance companies should be allowed to use results of genetic tests for underwriting purposes is both lively and increasingly relevant as both technology and lawmaking efforts are progressing rapidly. Much concern has been raised about whether allowing firms to use such information to create risk-rated insurance premiums (genetic ratemaking) is unfairly discriminatory. We show that, especially in the context of the manner in which insurance markets operate, arguments about the appropriateness of allowing such information use by insurers which are based on discrimination are very fragile from a conceptual or philosophical perspective. Moreover, a focus on discrimination is not very helpful from a pragmatic or policy oriented perspective. We argue that adopting a Utilitarian welfare framework, as inspired by Harsanyi's (1953,1955) veil of ignorance interpretation, in order to determine whether risk-rating by use of genetic test results is morally defensible provides a much more promising line of reasoning for settling this controversial issue.


This paper offers an alternative classification/clustering of the countries in Central and Eastern Europe on the dimensions of marketization and Westernization. It argues that these dimensions are more useful to marketing analysts anrother marketing practitioners in their attempt to understand the complex markets of Central and Eastern Europe, since they are more focused and directly relevant to the practice of marketing, compared to the broader dimensions most often used to define marketing developments in the region: economic development and culture.


A phase separation model is presented for the stripe phase of the cuprates, which allows the doping dependence of the photoemission spectra to be calculated. The idealized limit of a well-ordered array of magnetic and charged stripes is analyzed, including effects of long-range Coulomb repulsion. Remarkably, down to the limit of two-cell wide stripes, the dispersion can be interpreted as essentially a superposition of the two end-phase dispersions, with superposed minigaps associated with the lattice periodicity. The largest minigap falls near the Fermi level; it can be enhanced by proximity to a (bulk) Van Hove singularity. The calculated spectra are dominated by two features -- this charge stripe minigap plus the magnetic stripe Hubbard gap. There is a strong correlation between these two features and the experimental photoemission results of a two-peak dispersion in La$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$CuO$_4$, and the peak-dip-hump spectra in Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+\delta}$. The differences are suggestive of the role of increasing stripe fluctuations. The 1/8 anomaly is associated with a quantum critical point, here expressed as a percolation-like crossover. A model is proposed for the limiting minority magnetic phase as an isolated two-leg ladder.


Background: Spinal pain is a frequent health problem. Sedentary lifestyle and lack of physical activity PA had been widely pointed out as a risk factor for LBP. Since the end of 2019, the world has been facing the COVID-19 pandemic, this resulted in change of lifestyle and PA performed by lots of people. Aim of Study: To detect change in PA before and after COVID-19 pandemic and its relation to LBP, cervical pain, nonspecific bodily pains or fatigue. Patients and Methods: The current study included 146 apparently healthy participants whom were asked to answer the validated Arabic version of International Physical Assessment Questionnaire IPAQ to assess PA before and after COVID-19 pandemic. Participants also answered questions to assess new onset of symptoms and/or increased symptoms in terms of LBP, nonspecific bodily pains or fatigue. Results: Participants were divided into two groups based on the presence of spinal pain, joint pains, bodily pains and fatigue: Worsened group who developed the symptom after COVID-19 pandemic or had worsening of an old symptom after the pandemic, and stable group who had no symptoms after the pandemic or had an old symptom that did not increase after the pandemic. There was significant change in high intensity PA after the pandemic (p<0.001). Participants who experienced spinal pains had significantly practiced walking (p=0.002) and moderate intensity activities (p=0.038) before the pandemic. There was significant correlation between performing high intensity PA during COVID-19 pandemic and stable spinal pain, nonspecific bodily pains and fatigue (p=0.021, p=0.025, p=0.046) respectively. Individuals who experienced worsening in spinal pains, nonspecific bodily pains or fatigue had significant change in moderate intensity activity days (p=0.049) and duration (p=0.022) after the pandemic. Conclusion: The changes in moderate intensity PA is related to spinal pain, nonspecific body pain and fatigue.


As a result of environmental and accidental actions, damage occurs in structures. The early detection of any defect can be achieved by regular inspection and condition assessment. In this way, the safety and reliability of structures can be increased. This paper is devoted to proposing a new and effective method for detecting, locating, and quantifying beam-like structures. This method is based on the Rayleigh-Ritz approach and requires a few numbers of natural frequencies and mode shapes associated with the undamaged and damaged states of the structure. The great advantage of the proposed approach against the other methods is that it considers all kinds of boundary and damping effects. To detect damage using the penalty method, this article considers lumped rotational and translational springs for determining the boundary conditions. The results indicate that the proposed method is an effective and reliable tool for damage detection, localization, and quantification in the beam-like structures with different boundary conditions even when the modal data are contaminated by noise.


We encapsulated an S-nitroso species (S-nitroso-Nacetylpenicillamine (SNAP)) in biodegradable PLGA microspheres that release nitric oxide (NO) for weeks in a continuous and controlled manner. The rate and duration of NO release are tunable by varying the formulation (e.g., SNAP loading, acid terminated or ester-capped PLGA and lactic-glycolic acid ratio). The NO release rate can also be tuned to desired levels by use of copper ions or light. The encapsulation of the SNAP crystals in the polymer leads to highly stable microspheres when stored at room temperature in the dark. The PLGA-SNAP microspheres can be used for several biomedical applications where extended and controlled NO release is desired (e.g. in wound healing), due to its substantial antimicrobial effects and ability to promote angiogenesis. To prepare new types of NO-releasing wound dressings, we incorporated the PLGA-SNAP microspheres into ointments and alginate films (PLGA-SNAP/alginate) that could potentially be used for treatment of chronic wounds (e.g., diabetic ulcers) and skin burns.


individual reader to answer. Professor Lawson may be right when he says that Soviet law has its roots in the Roman law tradition. However, for somebody who has been brought up in the civil law tradition, this is a totally irrelevant statement. It says nothing about what kind of law the Soviet law is. It still could deserve a special chamber in the house of law if it offered solutions significantly more effective in terms of being a system that draws strength from its inner logic and from the social roots of its solutions. Soviet law has none of those virtues. It continues to make an excessive use of coercion. It may be more humane now than under Stalin and may offer better protection to human dignity. It continues, however, in its own fashion the cult of personality, which according to Khrushchev's own diagnosis was responsible for the violations of legality in the past. What is worse, the Soviet legal profession, together with party leadership, still upholds the myth that Soviet law is the law of the new civilization, and as such better than any other legal system in force.


In the display device driven by dividing one frame into a plurality of subfields, it converts the plurality of image signals respectively corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixels in each sub-field data. And the display device is a sub-field of the plurality of sub-pixels of a first sub-pixels for emitting light of a color and a second sub-pixel first sub-pixel based on the light emission rate of the emitting light of the color data and the the second sub-pixel to change one of the sub-field data. In this way, the light emission point of the first and second sub-pixels are matched, it is possible to prevent the afterglow effect in the video. Electrode, discharge, color, fluorescent, light emission rate


This article introduces the contents of "ecology first-marcket orientation-regional characteristics" three-dimensional management system of forestry technology.It should be based on the traffics,social conditions and marcket increment tendsThe paper also introduces the ecology surroundings and marcket potentials to management,on which we base to establish the five management models such as "surrouning the hill"The economic profits of each model are analyzed in detail


Along with economic globalization and shortening of technology updating period, enterprises are confronted with more turbulent external environments. Their original core capabilities could form core rigidities due to path dependence, and it's difficult to maintain the competence advantages based on former core capabilities. This article proposed the construct of dynamic capabilities from organization evolution view. The dynamic capabilities mean the ability to overcome core rigidities, sense the environment rapidly, absorb new knowledge, integrate internal and external resources, innovate in operation model while facing rapidly-changing environments, to achieve dynamic organization evolution process according to the turbulent environment and formulate sustainable competent advantages. Furthermore, drawing upon the dynamic capabilities literature, we identify that dynamic capabilities include four dimensions of sensing capability and configuring capability. Afterward, we propose an empirical study by using data statistic and structural equation modeling tools. According to the outcome of empirical study, it's significantly and positively correlated between dynamic capabilities and the two dimensions, and the hypotheses of the article are verified. This research would contribute practical and theory significance for enterprises to configure dynamic capabilities, surpass the core rigidities due to path dependence, and build sustainable competence.


The invention relates to a lithium-ion battery, which comprises a battery core, a packaging film for packaging the battery core, and an electrolyte filled in the packaging film, wherein the battery core is provided with a plurality of cathode pole pieces and a plurality of anode pole pieces which are overlapped at intervals; diaphragms are arranged between adjacent cathode pole pieces and anode pole pieces and comprise diaphragms with adhesives and diaphragms without adhesives; the two kinds of diaphragms are alternately arranged in the battery core according to a certain rule so as to form adhesive interfaces and non-adhesive interfaces which are distributed among the cathode pole pieces and the anode pole pieces according to a certain rule. Because the adhesive interfaces can improve the mechanical strength of the battery core, and the non-adhesive interfaces have good ion conductivity, the lithium-ion battery can simultaneously meet requirements on the mechanical strength and cycle performance.


A full concentration range of Lu2xGd2–2xSiO5 (LGSO:Ce) crystals was grown by the Czochralski method. Dependence of the scintillation properties on composition (x) in the range of solid solutions is established. It was determined that the LGSO:Ce scintillation yield increases in the range 0.3 < x < 0.8 and reaches 29000 phot/MeV at 60% of Lu in the host (x = 0.6), and energy resolution improves up to 6.7% at 662 KeV. The observed light yield increase, surprisingly high Ce3+ segregation coefficients, improvement of energy resolution, and suppression of afterglow can be attributed to modification of both hot and thermalized diffusion of secondary electrons and holes induced by short-range separation in solid solution. The proposed approach can be valid for a wide range of mixed scintillation crystals and provides room for further improvement of their characteristics by isovalent substitution of host atoms.


Display devices and composites for making display devices are disclosed. Some embodiments include a display device having an inorganic electroluminescent layer, an active matrix layer; an inorganic polarizing layer, a liquid crystal layer, and a color filtering layer. Some embodiments include a composite having an inorganic polarizing layer and inorganic electroluminescent layer. Methods of making and using the display device and composite are also disclosed.


Subject. Mentoring is a resource for the development of a medical institution and an integral element of personnel policy, a means of psychological adaptation and training of medical workers who were first hired by a health institution after graduation. Its importance is due to the need to develop professional and personal qualities of a member of this team to a certain level for full adaptation to new working conditions. There may be other goals, depending on the specific needs and situation using the internal psychological resources of the doctor and patient, which are the basis of psychological support for the treatment process.
The goal is to study the parameters of the psychological resources of the subjects of the treatment process, ways of professional development of employees, ensuring communication between generations, transferring cultural traditions, increasing team cohesion, and enhancing employee motivation.
Methodology. Individual, tutoring, as well as group forms of training (seminars, round tables, trainings).
Results. Our studies have shown that the full adaptation (both social and professional) of a new employee in a team is possible only in the mentoring system. It also involves enhancing personal qualities and skills. In addition, mentoring should also promote the development of the teacher himself, because in essence it is a two-way process in which the mentor and the mentor exchange knowledge and improve it.
Conclusions. The resource approach to mentoring allows us to consider the psychological resources of the subjects of a medical organization as internal grounds for full adaptation (both social and professional), which have a general and specific focus.


Levels of glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, 6-phosphogluconate, fructose 1,6bisphosphate, trehalose, glucose, fructose, mannitol, NADP and NADPH were determined in Agaricus bisporus fruit body tissues. Of the phosphorylated sugars, glucose 6-phosphate was present in the largest quantity, at approximately 1.5 pmol (g fresh wt)-l. Fructose was detected in larger quantities than in previous investigations. NADP and NADPH levels were found to be in the range 45-200 nmol (g fresh wt)-', with NADP/NADPH ratios between 0.58 and 1.66. The anabolic reduction charge showed a negative relationship with mannitol level. Mass action ratios calculated for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were several orders of magnitude below the reported k,, for the reaction. The mass action ratio for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase showed a significant correlation with trehalose content over the period of sampling. The results are discussed with reference to possible controls of the pentose phosphate pathway and mannitol synthesis.


In 2016, sugarcane plants were observed in Beihai, Laibin, and Baise in Guangxi province, China for leaf scaled disease. To identify the pathogen, DNA was extracted and PCR was performed with specific primer XAF1/XAR1 for Xanthomonas allbilineans on 62 suspected leaf scald samples collected from Beihai, Laibin and Baise. The PCR results showed that about 600 bp PCR products were obtained from all the samples. Twenty-one PCR products were randomly selected for sequencing. Subsequent sequence analysis revealed that all nucleotide sequences of this study were identical and shared 100% sequence similarity with the nucleotide sequence from the raxB1 gene of X. albilineans (GenBank accession no. FP565176), and were clustered with X. albilineans sequences in one branch of a phylogenetic tree. Field surveys showed that sugarcane cultivar 'Guitang46' and 'Guitang06-2081' were highly susceptible with disease incidences of 18-100%. Leaf scald can cause huge losses in sugarcane yield and sugar content because severely infected plants show wilting, abnormal development of side shoots, and white-striped leaves on side shoots. Leaf scald disease can be easily transmitted by vegetative propagation in sugarcane, so it is necessary to take appropriate prevention and management measures to prevent the spread of leaf scald from onset. © 2018 Friends Science Publishers


this paper analyzes, from the perspective of Administrative Law, one of the sources of public funding of political parties in spain: the grants to Political Groups in the Legislative Assemblies. this paper focuses on the study of the legal status of those grants, which have received little attention from the legal literature, despite its importance and despite the fact that they are poorly regulated. In this regard, this paper analyzes the legal nature of those grants and it concludes that they are authentic public subsidies. On the basis of this conclusion, the fundamental aspects of those grants become the subject of the study: the requirements and obligations of Political Groups, the procedure for the award of the grants, the control activity and the refund of the grant. As a result, this analysis makes clear the limits and errors of the meager regulation contained in parliamentary Regulations. Last, but not least, several solutions are proposed, taking the General subsidies Act as a reference.


Results of scienti c research works considering selection of measuring transducer applied for registration of acoustic emission signals generated by on load tap changers are presented in the paper. During the coupling process acoustic emission signals are generated by: the mechanical setup of tap changer, contacts operation, and other phenomena. For most on load tap changers types, the working medium is insulation oil in which the acoustic wave being formed propagates to the steal tank. There exists a possibility to register acoustic emission signals with a piezoelectric transducer attached to the outer tank surface or with a hydrophone immersed in the oil. Acoustic emission signal obtained in such manner contains information which describes operation of the power tap changer and the selector. A comparative analysis of acoustic emission signals generated by on load tap changers working under laboratory conditions, with applied measuring transducers with di erent transmittances, is presented in the paper. The comparative analysis was performed in order to determine their suitability for on load tap changers technical condition diagnosis. Based on the results achieved, one transducer which allows the registration of acoustic events generated during on load tap changers operation was selected.


S purt in the growth in the volumes of commodity markets in India is cause of concern for the producers, regulators, market participants and society at large. Galloping prices of commodities globally and in India in the last few years has raised questions on the demand supply balances and also on the performance of commodity spot and derivative markets. A logical feeling of arbitrage and inefficiency cannot be ruled out. Evidence of volatility in the spot markets and consequent impact on inflation measured by Wholesale Price Index (WPI) raises concerns on the activities of speculators, hoarders and black market profits. Inflation is national and global concern to the governments and political fate of the leaders especially in India. We explore whether the efficiency exists between commodity futures and spot markets using the data derives for three commodity exchanges MCX, NMCE and NCDEX. We, further examine the association between the spot price of commodities and WPI. We find evidences of efficiency in most of the sample commodities, though it may depart in some time periods and establish that huge volatility of spot prices and other market imperfections and irregularities are responsible for lifting WPI.


The Department of Health is planning to identify and treat all adults over 40 at high risk of a cardiovascular event. Rod Jackson and colleagues argue that a well targeted programme will save many lives, but Simon Capewell (doi: 10.1136/bmj.a1395) thinks whole population approaches would be more cost effective


Based on the analysis of soft soil structure characteristics, a subsection model of consolidation coefficient is presented, in the meantime the formula of the consolidation degree of sand drains ground is derived under the condition of instant loading, where soil structure characteristics is taken into the formula account. As a result of considering soil structure characteristics, the result becomes more reasonable. The example suggests that the effect of soil structure characteristics on the consolidation of sand drains ground is notable.


An integrated macro-cell sensor for monitoring the service condition such as the open circuit potential,mortar resistance and the macro-cell current between the anodes and cathode of the sensor was developed.Through the analysis of the sensor output and the background theory of the macro-cell current,macro-cell current values were confirmed to be sensitive to the mortar resistance,cathode and anode state.Then a quantitive relationship among macro-cell current,cover-zone mortar resistance,open-circuit potential and the corrosion current density was established.For the passive state,macro-cell current was found to be ignorable and totally depended on the lower voltage,higher cover mortar resistance and higher polarization resistance in the sensor electrodes.But for the active state,the regular is completely contradicted.Then the values of Ra+Rcand ln(Ia ·Ic)in different mortar could be obtained according to established relationship.Further,such values could be used as indicative parameters to evaluate the service condition of the cover mortar and corrosion state of the anodes.Results also indicate that macro-cell current sensor could be served as an effective technology for monitoring the corrosion risk in concrete structures.


Is it true that, with the widespread feeding of very palatable, energy-rich pet foods, dogs are simply consuming too many calories? Or does such a sweeping generalisation fail to take into account the contribution of feeding practices and eating behaviours, as well as owner attitudes to nutrition and exercise, to the prevalence of obesity? These questions are examined in this article, which reviews the extent to which pet foods, feeding practices and other ownerrelated behaviours contribute to canine obesity. Since nutritional modifications are a cornerstone of weight-loss programmes, the importance of dietary characteristics in obesity management are also discussed.


The paper describes the peculiarities of the time domain measurements with the use of ultrashort pulses. The time-domain measurement technique for a arbitrary scanning surface is described. We show the results of measurements of a parabolic antenna and discuss advantages and limitations of time domain measurements.


The test proposed here, of a theoretical-reflexive approach, aims to enable a broader view on the concept of idleness. Historically, diverse conceptions have been elaborated about this understanding, generating innumerable contradictions with respect to its meaning and value. At present, although it resurfaces as a matter of limited understanding, idleness has represented a subject of extreme importance and vitality. The proposal of revaluation of idleness and the construction of a theoretical reference on its real meaning have provided the acquisition of a vast knowledge about the human person and clarifying innumerable experiences and positions as a defense of the same. Based on the assumption that there is no consensus about the concept of idleness because it is a complex and vast theme that brings us to many possibilities, we will seek to delimit its meaning from the perspective of humanistic idleness.


Unplanned populational development is the reason of a huge impact in the environment, especially in urban areas. Production of solid waste has been gradually increased and its disposal usually occurs in inappropriate places, as in the headwater of rivers. With respect to water resources, the presence of pollutants results in a significant damage to water ecosystem by turning into an insanitary environment, and harmful to people's life quality. Such damage refers to sediments, fertilizers, oils, heavy metals, among others, that are usually thrown in different watersheds, mainly in the urban ones.


Objective: Normal Thyroid hormone level is essential in maintaining the normal fetal development. The objective of the study was to evaluate the thyroid hormone levels among healthy non-pregnant women with normotensive pregnant women and women with preeclampsia. Materials and methods: In these prospective study 90 women in the age group of 19 - 36 are divided into 3 groups consisting of 30 healthy non-pregnant women, 30 healthy normotensive pregnant women and 30 pregnant women with preeclampsia and evaluated for thyroid profile. Results: Serum TT4 and TT3 levels in normotensive pregnant women and preeclamptic women were significantly higher compared to the levels in non-pregnant women. In comparison to the normotensive pregnant women, women with preeclampsia had a non significantly higher TT4 level and significantly lower TT3. In preeclamptic women serum FT4 was marginally raised than in normotensive pregnant subjects but was significantly raised than in nonpregnant subjects. The FT3 level was significantly lower in preeclamptic women than in normotensive pregnant women compared to nonpregnant subjects. TSH levels were significantly higher in both preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women. Conclusion: The main finding of our study indicates that there is a state of hypothyroidism in normal pregnancy and in preeclampsia and so raised serum TSH occurs. Detection of any changes in thyroid profile in preeclampsia may of health in preventing the development of preeclampsia.


And conveniently from the summary task chicory efficiently extracted and separated inulin, and provides a method for purifying (desalting and decoloration). The cleaning liquid solutions chicory reproach softened treated with strongly acidic ion exchange resin, which was desalted with a strongly acidic ion exchange resin, desalted and then with a weakly basic ion-exchange resin, then strong base decolorized treated with sex ion exchange resin, then dried after desalting with a weakly basic ion exchange resin. Furthermore, by separating the standard inulin and high polymerization degree inulin after softening treatment or after the final desalting, simply and efficiently be separated and purified standard inulin and high degree of polymerization inulin. No selection view


The realization of solution processed polymer/fullerene as a constituent material for an active layer of solar cell raises a fundamental question relating to the nanostructure formation of these devices and its impact on a device's electrical parameters. To have an insight in nanomorphology and nanostructuring, Raman mapping of the scanned surface after each successive chemical etching is performed to build a picture of a vertical profile. To further support this technique, grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction (GIXRD) analysis on an etched surface is also performed. The data generated reveals an accurate correlation between these two techniques. To complete these investigations the impact of blend composition ratios on a nanostructure reveals that fullerene plays a critical role in self‐organization facilitating the rotation of a favorable face‐on the orientation to edge‐on allowing the migration of PC71BM towards the film surface. The impact of these investigations on electrical parameters has been addressed.


The development of the mother-infant relationship is expressed in terms of the change in typical relative positions of the pair and in the pattern of contacting and leaving they showed.

Rainy periods increased the time the infant spent asleep with its mother, the effect being more than that produced by the infant's age on sleeping time in the first three months of life.

Rate of development of mother-infant relationships was compared with that of Rhesus monkeys in similar conditions, and found to be very closely comparable.

Interactions by infants with other baboons were found to be quantitatively and qualitatively different for each available demographic class (though some classes were only represented by a single individual). Results illustrated different rates of social maturing in the sexes, differential behaviour of the adult male towards the sexes of infants, and the existence of a special relationship between siblings.

Interactions of neoparturient mothers with other adults are characterized by high overall frequency, with a high frequency of avoiding of friendly approaches by the mother. Both these have returned to normal frequency levels in the third month.

Restriction of infants by mothers was seen only in the caged group. Its immediate effects on the behaviour of the infant and its association with other maternal social behaviour are described.


We analyze VIMS image cubes in order to develop a cloud observation database while exploring dynamic and morphological characteristics of clouds on Titan. Introduction: Titan is characterized by a complex methane cycle analogous to the Earth's hydrological cycle [1,2]. In 1995, this concept was strengthened by the first observational evidence of methane clouds inferred from albedo increases in specific spectral windows [3]. Today, using data collected by the Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) on board the Cassini spacecraft, we are able to produce high spatial-resolution images which can be used to visually inspect for tropospheric clouds on Titan. We have executed a manual search throughout the entirety of the VIMS dataset (>20,000 applicable cubes) to document cloud occurrence and morphology, providing an opportunity to analyze the global distribution, physical size, duration, and temporal variability of cloud location and geometry. Methods: In order to identify clouds, we generate a set of three images for each VIMS cube: an RGB image and its grayscale counterpart as well as a stratospherically corrected tropospheric image. In order to produce the RGB images, we classified specific wavelength channels based on their observational sensitivity to either surface, tropospheric, or stratospheric features. After acknowledging the disadvantageous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the fivemicron window, we reduced our channel set to those classified in [4] (see Fig. 1). By assigning green to surface, blue to tropospheric, and red to stratospheric, tropospheric features appear as bright blue due to their relatively significant brightening along the wings of the methane windows (the common location of said channels, see Fig. 1) [3]. Using this color scheme, we created stratospherically-corrected tropospheric images simply by subtracting the red image from the blue image. After processing all VIMS cubes, we designed a graphical user interface (GUI) in order to simultaneously analyze the images produced for each observation. This provides greater confidence throughout the cloud selection process, as the GUI allows for both multiple method verification and reference to previous identification efforts [3-6]. In addition to the displayed images, the software contains a spectral plotting tool which allows the user to compare the albedo spectra of Titan's surface and a candidate


The invention relates to a single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor for an efficient fan, comprising a stator and a rotor, wherein m squirrel-cage guide bar grooves a, n squirrel-cage guide bar grooves b, and 2p magnet insertion grooves are arranged on a rotor iron core, wherein m is a natural number from 8 to 36, n is a natural number from 2 to 8, and p is a natural number from 1 to 4; the squirrel-cage guide bar grooves a and the squirrel-cage guide bar grooves b are arranged on periphery of the rotor iron core; the magnet insertion grooves are symmetrically arranged on the rotor iron core; and permanent magnets are disposed in the magnet insertion grooves. In comparison with the prior art, the single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor in the invention has the advantages of low abrasion, is capable of improving efficiency of the fan, and the like.


The bite fungi-insecticide BIBISAV-2 was used to control the leaf cutter ant Acromyrmex octospinosus (Reich). This bite has as an active ingredient the entomopathogen fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. It was used in the field of the Lenin Park in Ciudad de la Habana. The treatments were applied in doses of 100 g/m 2 in the anthill at the sunset at both sides of the roads in which there was forage activity of the pest, from this field. We took 4 holesand we measured the number of insects that went in and hour during a minute, the field of the anthill and the number of holes per nests. These variants were applied five times. The results showed that BIBISAV-2 is capable of reducing the activity of the anthills is days after the treatments were applied with an effectiveness of 97% and is days later, it was seen the closure of the holes and the destruction of the colony with results of effectiveness similar to the bite MIREX. Key word: Acromyrmex, ants, entomopathogen fungus, Beauveria bassiana


Craniofrontonasal syndrome (CFNS) is an X‐linked disorder caused by inactivating mutations in the gene for ephrin‐B1 (EFNB1). Paradoxically it shows a more severe phenotype in females than in males. As a result of X inactivation cell populations with and without EFNB1 expression are found in EFNB1+/− females. This is thought to initiate a process termed cellular interference which may be responsible for the phenotype in females. We present a boy with severe clinical features of CFNS. In ∼42% of his blood cells we found a supernumerary ring X chromosome containing EFNB1 but lacking XIST. Mosaicism for cell populations with different levels of EFNB1 expression can explain the severe phenotype of this patient. In vitro experiments in Xenopus tissue showed that cells overexpress ephrinB1 cluster and sort out from wild‐type cells. Our report provides further evidence that cellular interference contributes to the paradoxical inheritance pattern of CFNS.


Endoluminal grafting for treatment of aortic aneurysms is the most exciting topic in vascular surgery today. It is anticipated that at least half of all aneurysms in the infrarenal abdominal and descending thoracic aorta will be repaired endovascularly in the near future.

Endovascular grafting procedures require a combination of surgical maneuvers and refined interventional skills. They are often difficult, and involve catheter techniques and imaging requirements that are not readily available in most vascular surgery practices today. Collaboration between surgeons and interventionists is often necessary and, occasionally, is mandated by the investigational protocol.

The most significant technological achievement to date has been the development of the modular, fully supported, bifurcated stentgraft (Fig. 1). 1,2 This device incorporates 2 features that are currently viewed as critical components of endovascular graft technology: 1) modular design—which joins 2 or more sections of the stent-graft within the aorto-iliac lumen—optimizes deployment and exclusion by enabling the addition of extensions both cephalad and caudad; and 2) full-length support achieves the columnar strength that is necessary for stability and integrity, preserving normal channel flow even when placed across tortuous vessels. Another design feature that has recently become the focus of attention is suprarenal fixation of the uncovered stent at its proximal end, which enables secure attachment to a segment of the aorta less prone to progressive dilatation. 3

Fig. 1 Modular, bifurcated, fully supported stent-graft.

In September 1999, 2 stent-graft devices for the exclusion of abdominal aortic aneurysms received approval from the Food and Drug Administration: the Ancure® device (Guidant; Indianapolis, Ind) (Fig. 2), which is an early-design balloon-expandable, 1-piece bifurcated stent-graft; and the AneuRx™ device (Medtronic AVE; Santa Rosa, Calif), a self-expanding, modular-design, fully supported bifurcated stent-graft. Additionally, several other stent-grafts are now under clinical investigation, including the Vanguard™ (Boston Scientific Corp; Natick, Mass) (Fig. 3), Talent™ (World Medical, a division of Medtronic Vascular; Sunrise, Fla), Bifurcated EXCLUDER Endoprosthesis (W.L. Gore & Associates; Sunnyvale, Calif) (Fig. 4), and Zenith™ (Cook Inc.; Bloomington, Ind) (Fig. 5). They are all self-expanding, modular-design endoluminal grafts, made of nitinol or stainless steel stents covered by a Dacron or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fabric. A somewhat different design is being developed by Cordis Endovascular (Cordis Corporation, a Johnson & Johnson company; Warren, NJ): this is a bilateral, aortoiliac endoluminal graft configuration that may be deployed percutaneously, given its low-profile (13 F) delivery system. A clinical trial is set to begin in mid-2000.

Fig. 2 Ancure® stent-graft device.

Fig. 3 Vanguard™ stent-graft device.

Fig. 4 Bifurcated EXCLUDER Endoprosthesis.

Fig. 5 Zenith™ stent-graft device.

Endoluminal repair of aneurysms in the descending thoracic aorta is another area under active investigation at this time. 4 Designers of the Talent™, AneuRx™, and EXCLUDER devices have developed endoluminal grafts configured for placement in the thoracic aorta (distal to the aortic arch branches). Some forms of aortic dissection 5 and traumatic rupture are also being managed with endovascular approaches, but available information is only preliminary at this time; a much larger clinical experience with longer follow-up will be necessary before a definitive view can be attained concerning the performance of these endoluminal grafts for treatment of aneurysmal and nonaneurysmal thoracic aortic diseases. It is our impression today that stent-graft repair of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms will rapidly become a popular approach, given the extensive nature of conventional surgical treatment and the severe morbidity associated with it.


We used a Zeeman-like ac-Stark shift to perform spatially-resolved rotations of spins in cold rubidium. Using SLM we extended coherent spins oscillations time and imprinted comb-like patterns on the atomic ensemble.


A detailed examination of the INOSHC charts during the period 1967-1969 has been made to derive monthly mean climatic conditions in the equatorial region, between 100 N-100 S and 40 E.1150 E based mainly on ships observations. The parameters examined are wind, cloudiness and weather.


This paper addresses the problem of achieving secure consensus in a vehicular platoon using event-triggered control. The platoon consists of a leader and multiple follower vehicles exchanging their position and velocity information discretely to maintain stability. The paper focuses on the issue of gain modification attacks, where a malicious actor attempts to alter the controller gains to destabilize the platoon. To tackle this problem, the paper proposes a resilient event-triggered control scheme that ensures secure consensus while considering constraints on the duration and frequency of attacks. The paper also introduces an attack mitigation strategy through a topology-switching procedure, which is employed when the attack frequency and duration constraints are not met. First, sufficient consensus conditions for distributed static and dynamic event-triggered control schemes are derived under sequential gain modification attacks. The impact of the system matrices and triggering parameters on the attack constraints is also discussed. Second, the paper derives conditions to broaden the range of controller gain stability using the Schur stability criterion to mitigate attacks and maintain platoon stability. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated through simulation scenarios in various case studies.


2021Background: Microtubule inhibitors, including taxanes, are active in preclinical models of glioblastoma (GBM), however, clinical benefit is hampered by poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) accumulation. TPI 287, a third-generation taxane designed to evade P-glycoprotein mediated efflux, readily penetrates the BBB and overcomes this limitation. CB-017 is a multi-center phase 1/2 trial designed to determine the optimal dose of TPI 287 and potential efficacy in patients treated with this drug plus bevacizumab (BEV) for treatment of recurrent GBM. Final results of the dose escalation Phase 1 stage of this trial are reported. Methods: GBM patients at first or second relapse after standard therapy and without prior exposure to anti-angiogenic agents were eligible for enrollment. BEV was administered at 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks and TPI 287 every 3 weeks via IV infusion. MRIs were obtained every six weeks with response assessed via RANO criteria. TPI 287 dose escalation was based on a traditional 3+3 design. Results:...


This article constructs the moduli stack of torsionfree $G$-structures in homotopy type theory with one monadic modality. This yields a construction of this moduli stack for any $\infty$-topos equipped with any stable factorization systems. In the intended applications of this theory, the factorization systems are given by the deRham-Stack construction. Homotopy type theory allows a formulation of this abstract theory with surprising low complexity. This is witnessed by the accompanying formalization of large parts of this work.


Historically, the main criterion for a successful recommender system was how accurate the recommendations were according to the user's taste. This emphasis on accuracy was later challenged by researchers asking for other types of metrics such as novelty, diversity, fairness of the recommendations. Researchers have proposed different algorithms to improve these metrics of recommendation, but the problem is that each proposed algorithm improves a certain metric (diversity, novelty, etc.) and, usually, it is difficult to improve two or more aspects simultaneously. In this paper, we unify different considerations into a constrained optimization framework where different sets of metrics can be improved by simply using different sets of constraints. Therefore, our framework improves the non-accuracy metrics of the recommendations by combining different constraints designed for separate metrics. Our biggest contribution is offering models that are simple, easy to combine, and data independent. We create models considering popularity, fairness, and diversity metrics since they are the metrics widely investigated in the literature; however, our framework can include other metrics following the ideas proposed in this paper. Experimental results confirm that our general framework has comparable performance with the state-of-the-art methods designed for improving each individual metric, and offers the benefit of being able to accommodate a wide range of considerations.


Introduction In 1998, Ecuador constitutionally recognized customary law along with state law, through which a situation of formal (de jure) legal pluralism came into being. In the following Constitution of 2008, Ecuador ratified this recognition of customary law once more. Both constitutions mention of rules that should make national law and customary law compatible. However, despite several attempts to develop a coordinating law or jurisprudence, no such rules have yet been developed. The lack of coordinating rules leads to the actual situation that in case of an 'internal conflict', indigenous people can choose if they, either go to an indigenous authority, or go to a state court to get their disputes solved. Ecuador's situation of formal legal pluralism, but without coordinating rules, provides an interesting case for socio-legal research, the more so because one-third of the country's population is considered being indigenous and therefore can choose between authorities. This possibility of 'forum shopping' as such is not a new phenomenon; it has been researched exhaustively by legal anthropologists, mostly in (post)colonial settings in which customary law to a certain degree was being tolerated – a situation of factual (de facto) legal pluralism. In fact, even Ecuador's history provides several examples of indigenous people strategically 'using' different normative orders. The contemporary Ecuadorian situation of formal legal pluralism provides a rather new research setting. It offers the possibility to investigate if and how indigenous people shop forums when the Constitution permits them – to a certain extent – to do so. This paper (work in progress) intends to elaborate on the theoretical notions that underpin legal anthropological research on dispute resolution in a situation of formal legal pluralism. Or more specifically, it argues that the theoretical and methodological framework of 'legal consciousness', as is developed in American and European socio-legal theory, could be of use for legal anthropological research conducted in Latin America as well. Legal


Meet Amy Zalman, the new CEO and president of the World Future Society. Former global security professional, her job today is to engage everyone with a stake in the future in serious discussion about what happens next.


This article proposes an idea regarding the generation distance preserving mapping (DPM) from the solution set of discretetime state equation. A modified linear block code is proposed from such DPM for which the distance preserving property is observed. The designed code is generalized from the n order solution space. As the code words of such established codes are very unique with regards to their bit positions, it is easy to solve the decoding problem at the receiver end. This correspondence also proposes an Intelligent Decoder (ID) along with the construction of decoding algorithm. Also, the methodology is developed for increasing the minimum distance between the codewords for the codes designed using DPM. The performance of the designed codes has been carried out using simulation.


Integrate statewide rankings of abuse across different drugs and/or signal detection systems to summarize prescription drug abuse in each state in 2007.


After a rapid increase in temperature across the deconfinement temperature Td, pure gauge theories exhibit unstable long wavelength fluctuations in the approach to equilibrium. This phenomenon is analogous to spinodal decomposition observed in condensed matter physics, and also seen in models of disordered chiral condensate formation. At high temperature, the unstable modes occur only in the range 0 ≤ k ≤ kc, where kc is on the order of the Debye screening mass mD. Equilibration always occurs via spinodal decomposition for SU(2) at temperatures T > Td and for SU(3) for T ≫ Td. For SU(3) at temperatures T ∼ Td, nucleation may replace spinodal decomposition as the dominant equilibration mechanism. While heavy quarks have little effect on the dynamics, relaxation may replace spinodal decomposition as the dominant equilibration mechanism if the number of light quark flavors is sufficiently large. Monte Carlo simulations of SU(2) lattice gauge theory exhibit the predicted phenomena. The observed value of kc is in reasonable agreement with a value predicted from previous lattice measurements of mD.


This chapter introduces some basic ideas in bifurcation theory and gives a few examples of current interest. This subject is very large and the chapter cannot pretend to cover anything but a sampling. For this reason two sections-7.2 and 7.S-are written in the nature of surveys; we hope these will alert the reader to some of the important current literature. Sections 7.1 and 7.4 introduce basic ideas in the static and dynamic theory, respectively, and Sections 7.3 and 7.6 select a nontrivial example from each theory to work in detail. These examples are biased towards the authors' interests, so readers may wish to substitute one of their own choosing from the literature. This section presents a few sample results in static bifurcation theory. The reader should understand that there are many different points of view in this subject and that the results can be refined in several directions. Some of the books that the serious reader should consult after reading this section are Keller We begin with a few introductory remarks. Consider a beam free to move in a plane, distorted from its natural state by the application of a load A, as shown in Figure 7.1.1. For small A, the beam slightly compresses, but after a critical load Ac is reached, it buckles into one of two possible states. The compressed state is still there, but it has become unstable; the stability has been transferred from the original trivial solution to the stable buckled solutions. The situation 427