Objective To study the anti tumor effect of combination of TRAIL and 5 Fu on colon cancer cell line SW480 Methods The survival fraction of SW480 cells was measured by MTT assay and apoptosis rate was determined by TUNEL method Results A cooperative effect of 30~300 ng/ml TRAIL and 3 0 mmol/L 5 Fu on survival fraction of SW480 cells was found TUNEL revealed that 3 0 mmol/L 5 Fu could enhance TRAIL induced apoptosis of colon cancer cell line SW480 Conclusion The sensitivity of colon cancer cell line SW480 to TRAIL mediated apoptosis is improved by 5 Fu


PurposeThe author attempts to examine the existence and pattern of coalitions in international relations across countries, and investigates whether international relations of coalition partners influence a country's enaction of agricultural non-tariff measures (NTMs).Design/methodology/approachThe author adopts a machine learning technique to identify international relation coalition partnerships and use network analysis to characterize the clustering pattern of coalitions with high-frequent records of global event data. The author then constructs a monthly dataset of agricultural NTMs against China and international relations with China of each importer and its coalition partners, and designs a panel structural vector autoregressive (PSVAR) model to estimate impulse response functions of agricultural NTMs with regard to international relation shocks.FindingsThe author finds countries to establish coalition partnerships. Two major clusters of coalitions are noted, with one composed of coalitions primarily among "North" countries and the other of coalitions among "South" countries. The United States is found to play a pivotal role by connecting the two clusters. The PSVAR estimation reveals reductions of NTMs against China following improved international relations with China of both the importer and its coalition partners. NTM responses are more substantial for measures that are trade restrictive. These results confirm that coalitions in international relations lead to coordination of agricultural NTMs.Originality/valueThe author provides international political insights into agricultural trade policymaking by showing interactions of NTM enaction across countries in the same coalition of international relations. These insights offer useful policy implications to predict and cope with hidden barriers to agricultural trade.


NOW KNOW YE, THAT WE, by and with the advice of Our Executive Council of Our Province of Newfoundland and Labrador, do by this our Proclamation declare and direct that sections 6, 19, 25, 28 and 30 of An Act to Regulate Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Industrial Facilities in the Province, SNL 2016, Chapter M-1.001, shall come into force on the date of publication of this Proclamation in The Newfoundland and Labrador Gazette.


Inefficient management is one of the major barriers to development of in‐home care in the society. Accordingly, the present study aims to identify the barriers to efficient management of home care nursing using a qualitative approach.


Golf is an ancient game, with the modern rules of golf being developed in Scotland in the seventeenth century. Today, the Royal and Ancient (R&A) at St Andrews, Scotland,
together with the United States Golf Association (USGA), 'writes, interprets and maintains the Rules of Golf to guard the traditions and integrity of the game.' The
USGA has jurisdiction for the Rules in the US and Mexico, while the R&A has jurisdiction for the rest of the world.1 It should also be noted that many golf clubs produce their own rules that essentially supplement, or modify, these international rules of golf. Most of these rules are very much procedural, but a number of have also been the subject of litigation after players have been injured on a golf course. This is because the rules of a particular sport are one of the things that needs to examined by a court to establish whether a competitor who has a duty of care to another has been in breach of that duty, and therefore potentially liable in a negligence claim. This paper will therefore examine a number of cases involving litigation that arose because of an injury sustained on a golf course in the common law jurisdictions of Australia,
Canada and England. It will involve looking at what the law has determined in relation to situations involving players and spectators, between players in different
groups, and players within the same playing group.


Four cases of benign cystic mammary disease, two cases of in‐situ lobular carcinoma and eight cases of invasive mammary carcinoma are described. Benign lesions were studied both by tissue biopsy and nipple secretions. All showed normal diploid karyotypes. Carcinoma in situ presented predominantly normal diploid karyotypes but, because this lesion was seen in conjunction with benign cystic disease, both probably contributed to the metaphase spreads studied. One invasive tumor showed a normal diploid karyotype. The other seven were aneuploid. Tumors with multiple chromosomal abberations and with multiple modal numbers appear to be more aggressive. The role played by such factors is discussed.


Magnetars, which are highly magnetized neutron stars with field strengths greater than the quantum critical level 4.4×1013 G, show persistent X-ray emission as well as sporadic bursts. Using Suzaku and HETE-2 data, we discovered that both the persistent X-ray emission and burst spectra consist of thermal (<10 keV) and hard X-ray (>10 keV) components. Luminosities of these components show a correlation over 5 orders of magnitude. We propose a model that the persistent X-ray emission consists of numerous micro-bursts of various sizes. In our model, intensity RMS variations should be larger than the values expected from the Poisson distribution. We thus calculated the RMS variation for 11 magnetars observed by Suzaku in the soft (0.2–12 keV) and hard (10–70 keV) band. As a result, the RMS variations are significantly greater than the values expected from the Poisson distribution in both energy bands, and they are greater in the hard band than those in the soft band.


The invention provides a coin and postage stamp collection trading system. The coin and postage stamp collection trading system comprises at least one mobile communication terminal and a plurality of servers positioned on a cloud platform, wherein the servers include a user management server, a coin and postage stamp collection management server, a search server and a trade management server, and the at least one mobile communication terminal is connected to the servers operably through a network so as to achieve data communication. The coin and postage stamp collection trading system is capable of improving searching accuracy of coin and postage stamp collections interested in by users. The invention further relates to a coin and postage stamp collection trading method.


On-line sample concentration technique:sweeping was applied for the chiral separation of LB20304 in micelle capillary electrophoresis using chiral crown ether as chiral selector.Conditions such as the proportion of organic additive,the concentration of surfactant and the ways of injection were optimized.When the experiments were carried out in an uncoated fused silica capillary(37 cm×51 μm i.d.,effective length 30 cm)under the following conditions:background solution of 45 mmol/L Bis-Tris+10 mmol/L dedecyl trimethylammonium bromide(DTAB)+1 mmol/L chiral crown ether+11% acetonitrile(pH=4.0);detection wavelength 280 nm;runing voltage-10 kV and electrokinetic injection,600~700 fold enhancement could be achieved.The RSD was less than 4.0%(n=7)when the concentration of sample was 0.3 μmol/L.This research may be a novel method for the detection of trace chiral medicines.


Basing on the calculation standard of the former USSR at 1973,the calculations and life appraisal for the three-dimensional temperature of high temperature convective superheater under different air distribution modes is made.After analyzing and comparing the results,some useful conclusions are drawn.


It is said that nowadays online self-disclosure plays an essential role in adolescents' development and it gains a lot of attention of today's researchers. However, it is still unclear what are the particular psychosocial factors related to adolescents' online self-disclosure as in general researchers analyse specific elements (e.g., narcissism, privacy concerns), related to the aims of their study. Thus, the systematic literature review has been organised on purpose to find out what are the most significant psychosocial factors related to adolescents' online self-disclosure. After the process of selection, 24 articles (from 1936) have been analysed. The systematic literature review has shown that psychosocial factors of adolescents' online self-disclosure may be distinguished into three groups: psychological (personal characteristics and motives), socio-demographical and social-contextual factors. Particular results of psychosocial factors and papers included in the study are discussed, together with limitations and directions for future research.
Keywords: Adolescents, online self-disclosure, psychosocial factors.


Acid precipitation as part of a general phenomenon of atmospheric deposition is discussed. The direct and indirect effects of acid precipitation on vegetation are examined, along with spatial and temporal changes in the chemistry of precipitation in North America and the effects of acid precipitation on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The development of a National Atmospheric Deposition Program is outlined. The program is designed to determine spatial and temporal trends in the amount, chemical form, and geographic distribution of atmospheric deposition and its effects on vegetation, soils, and aquatic ecosystems.


Although educators have been slower than business people to recognize the potential of total quality management (TQM) as a means for product improvement, educators are now reporting success with the process. TQM's emphasis on leadership, teamwork, and c..


Objective:Our aim was to investigate the changes of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cerebral infarction.Methods: Radioimmunoassay was used to measure the concentration of ET-1 in plasma of patients with cerebral infarction. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used in the determination of VEGF in blood serum. Results: Both the concentrations of ET-1 in plasma and VEGF in serum of the patients with cerebral infarction were higher than those of controls(P0.05), the concentrations of ET-1 and VEGF increased during acute phase, and decreased in convalescence phase. The concentrations of ET-1 in plasma and VEGF in serum were positively related with the infarct size.Conclusion: Both ET-1 and VEGF take part in the onset and the development of cerebral infarction.


The quick sealing technique for the plastic handbag comprises the chassis with feeding device, clamping and moving device, cutting device, ring rotating device, bag expanding device, and heat sealing device. It uses a pair of feeding rubber covered roll, after cutting with a pair of C clip, moving the thin film into the plastic bag between the up and down heat sealing mould set, which is used to heat sealing the plastic handbag band. It can not only connect the cut and sealing device of the plastic bag, but also improve the plastic handbag making speed and output.


Author(s): Landis, John | Abstract: I n most planning programs, "methods" mean statistics. I n a 1 983 survey of 71 North American planning schools, E.H. Baxter found that statistics, chiefly inferential statistics, formed the core component of first-year planning methods classes in almost all of the planning pro grams surveyed ( 1 983). What explains this popularity? Statistics, I sus pect, has much the same appeal as a succesfs ul political candidate - although exciting to only a few, it is nontheless acceptable to many.


Malaysian government has given an emphasis on the transformation of institutions of higher education to fulfill the demand for competitive and creative human capital, to enable Malaysia to withstand the challenges of globalization. Therefore, it is crucial to identify what are the trend in the demand for higher education in the era of globalization. This study has been conducted with the aim of identifying changes in demand for higher education caused by globalization. The trend in demand for pre-university education and higher education was compared between before and after globalization. Data were obtained from 288 samples using questionnaires as instrument. Respondents of this study were randomly selected from the population, who are currently holding the posts of administrators in institutions of higher education in Malaysia. Data obtained were analyzed using inferential statistics method. It was found that trend in demand for pre-university education and higher education showed positive trend, except for the demand for Higher School Certificate and Public HEIs. This gives the implication that globalization has given a positive impact on the demand for privatized institutions of education compared to public institutions. Key-words :Globalization, Human capital, Education demand, Trend, Pre-university education, Higher education, Recent Researches in Education ISBN: 978-1-61804-040-4 64 around the world to be interconnected through politics, economic and social activities. [4] described globalization as a process in which geographic distance becomes a diminishing factor in establishing and maintaining cross-border, political and socio-cultural relations. Globalization is a continuous process which has resulted in uncertainties of the future [5]. Globalization has demanded institutions of higher education to undergo revolutionary changes to ensure human capital are "produced" not for a product-based economy, but for knowledge-based economy. The rapid expansion of Malaysia's higher education has involved extensive growth that has relied mainly on the liberalization of the education sector. Therefore, efforts has been taken by the government of Malaysia, through the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) to transform its institutions of higher education to increase its competitiveness, productivity and innovativeness in producing human capital with first class mentality. The transformation of institutions of higher education has been revealed through The National Higher Education Strategic Plan Beyond 2020, which provides a framework through which actions can be taken to produce human capital with first class mentality. The strategic plan has identified seven thrust through which the process of strengthening and revolutionizing higher education can take place. The seven thrusts are : widening access and increasing equity ; improving the quality of teaching an learning ; enhancing research and innovation ; strengthening of higher education institutions ; intensifying internationalization ; enculturation of lifelong learning ; and reinforcing the delivery systems of the Ministry of Higher Education [6]. It is hoped that institutions of higher education can lay the foundation towards improving the nations competitive edge in various aspects, especially in human capital development who are competitive and resilient. 2.1. Human Capital The theory of human capital has become the basis for the development of any nation. [7] believes that productivity, earning and improved quality of life can be achieved through investment in training and schooling, as well as other factors such as health. Wages increase positively, with age, through training and schooling obtained [7]. The theory that investment in human capital provide returns though time, despite of the increase in the cost at the time the investment being made, has given hope to developing nations such as Malaysia to emphasize education for the purpose of developing its citizens. Through development, poverty can be diminished and quality of life can be improved [8] and one way to achieve development is through education. Education has been viewed as a capital good which can be used to develop human resources necessary for economic and social growth [9]. They added that it has been widely accepted that education improves citizens and helps to upgrade the general standard of living in a society. [7] indicated that the difference in earnings among individuals are determined by physical investment, education, technology and capability. He too added that age-earning profiles tend to be steeper among more skilled and educated person. Therefore, there is an increasing perception that higher education provides better financial reward. Malaysia has been a firm believer in education as a way in enhancing human capital. New Economic Policy (1971-1990) was implemented due to social and economic issues, with the goal of achieving unity through eradicating poverty and eliminating the identification of ethnics in Malaysia based on economic activities. During this period, Malaysia saw the expansion of higher education, with the aim of producing manpower for the economic sector. However, the development of ICT has accelerated the process of globalization in 1990ies, which has resulted into drastic change to produce skilled and creative as well as competitive workforce. With better education, the earning and quality of life of Malaysians too has improved tremendously, thus causing an increased demand in higher education. Thus, the idea of human capital theory, which is to increase productivity and wages through education, is a suitable in developing human capital.


That individuals attempt to minimize the ratio of mortality risk/growth rate (μ/g) when foraging within individual habitat patches is well established. Do species partition among spatially discrete communities embedded in complex landscapes in a similar manner? We investigated how 3 ovipositing species (2 Hyla treefrogs and a hydrophilid beetle, Tropisternus lateralis) responded to simultaneous gradients of nutrients and predation risk. Species partitioned our experimental metacommunity primarily by reducing oviposition with fish. Tropisternus positively responded to increased nutrients, but the effect decreased with increasing risk, as predicted by μ/g theory. Use of fish habitats by Tropisternus was unrelated to breeding intensity. In contrast, Hyla showed no nutrient response but oviposited with fish only on nights with high breeding activity. Behavioral responses to the spatial distribution of resources and risk among discrete patches generated substantial variation in habitat-specific colonization rates, which has been identified as a primary mechanism generating both community and metacommunity structure. Copyright 2008, Oxford University Press.


This ph.d. thesis contains the mathematical modeling of fluid dynamical phenomena in the tubular embryonic chick heart at HH-stages 10, 12, 14, and 16. The models are constructed by application of energy bond technique and involve the elasticity of heart walls with elliptic cross-section, Womersley modified inertia, and resistance due to friction and curvature of the multilayered tubular heart. Through the modeling, flow conditions in the embryonic heart are characterized. The models suggest that eccentric rather than concentric deformation of the beating heart is optimal for mean flows induced by the Liebau effect. Additionally the elliptic cross-sectional shape of the embryonic heart may be optimally configured for Liebau induced flow near elliptic eccentricity 0.4. It is furthermore suggested that both peristaltic and Liebau induced pumping effects may be present in the embryonic heart, though the models are not conclusive on this point. In addition the Liebau effect is investigated in a simpler system containing two elastic tubes joined to form a liquid filled ring, with a compression pump at an asymmetric location. Through comparison to other reports the system validates model construction. Furthermore it is concluded that the observed Liebau effect does depend on the impedance of the tubes, the frequency and position of the compression pump, but above all the characterization of the pumping function. Different pumping functions are employed in the modeling but no defining characteristics of their efficiency have been found.


A new two-transistor embedded resistive RAM (RRAM) cell with fully Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company 28-nm CMOS logic compatible process is reported. The new 28-nm logic compatible RRAM cell consists of two logic standard high- k metal gate (HKMG) CMOS transistors with a composite resistive gate dielectric of TiN/ HfO2/SiO2/Si as a resistive memory storage node. Using one of the transistor gates as a source line in RRAM SET/RESET operation, the resistive memory states can be efficiently read and sensed by selecting the other transistor gate and its corresponding bitline. Therefore, the new 2T embedded RRAM cell has realized a logic nonvolatile memory (NVM) solution with cost effective, and fully compatible with 28-nm HKMG CMOS logic platforms. Besides, through adapting the existing high- K gate dielectric in the RRAM cell, the embedded memory cell does not need any additional deposition of resistive film or extra process steps and it will be very scalable and compatible with the fast progress of CMOS technologies in embedded NVM applications. Furthermore, its low voltage requirement makes this cell conveniently fit in logic intellectual properties and circuits for local data storages or level trimming devices on system-on-chip logic NVM products.


Oncocnemis lepipoloides sp. n. Head, thorax and primaries gray, lightly sprinltled with black. Prinlaries with the ordinary lines well-defined, black, single; basal half-line straight from costa to cubitus; t. a. line outwardly oblique, dentate with in~vardly directed teeth below cell and in subnledian fold; t. p. line, irregularly dentate, well excurved around the cell with a decided inward angulation in the subnledian fold ; median shade distinct, blackish, strongly oblique below costa, cutting across lower portion of reniform, then parallel and close to t. p. line. Orbicular and renifornl improminent, former recumbently oval, outlined only toward base of wing by a dark crescent; reniforrn moderately large, outlined partially by a firre dark line, open at top and bottom; claviforin not present. S. t. line repi-esenteci by a dark irregular shade, slightly defined outwardly by a pale line. A broke11 dark terminal line. Fringes smoky brown, cut by paler. Secondaries smoky white, with a broad black-brown terminal band; imltlediately basad of this band is a fine dark line, for~liing an outward tooth just before inner niargin; a dark lunule at end of cell wit11 traces of a dark line connecting it with inner margin. Beneath s~iloky gray with ~vell-defined postmedian, curved dark line and small discal dots; traces of dark shade along outer margin. Expanse 32 1n.m. Iiolot;ilfle-~ 9 , Lethbridge, Xlta. (Aug. 24) (H. I,. Seamans), S o . 512, in Canadian Xational Collection. This species is astonishingly like Lcpipolys perscripfa in maculation, but af ter a careful study I believe it distinct froin this species. StructuraIIy the front is smooth, whereas in perscripfa there is often a well-defined frontal tubercle; the spines around the ovipositor seem also decidedly coarser than in flcrscriflta. TVith regard to the maculation, there is none of the light brown colouring foulld in pcrscriptn atljacent to the t. a . and t. p. lines, these lines being single; the t . p. line is more incurved in the fold and the teeth seen1 hal-dly as prominent, the claviforni is absent, ancl there is no trace of the arrow lilnrlcs before the s. t. line, usually visible to a certain extent in perscriptn. The nlaculatioii of the hilid wings seems also to difier in the clearness of the post~i~edian line inside t!ie marginal band. Finally perscripta, according to the specinlens before nie, Aies in early spring (Feb.-April), whilst the present species was captured in August.


This paper is based upon observations made on 20 guinea-pigs to determine the anaphylactogenic properties of the pollen of rye (secale cereale). The pollen was obtained from a reliable source and microscopically showed the characteristic features of that pollen. It was extracted with a 2 per cent solution of sodium bicarbonate and the extract contained 2.01 mgm. N to 1 cc. Nine animals received only one sensitizing injection. Four animals received an initial injection of 2 cc. (4.02 mgm. N) and the same amount was repeated five days later. Five animals received an initial injection of 1 cc. (2.01 mgm. N) and a repetition of the same was given three weeks after the primary injection. While normal guinea-pigs were found to survive, and without symptoms, 2 cc. of the rye pollen extract, the sensitized guinea-pigs invariably succumbed to injection of 1 cc. of the extract (100 per cent). Of 4 animals injected with 0.75 cc. of the extract, 3 (75 per cent) succumbed within two minutes of injection exhibiting typical anaphylactic symptoms, while 1 gradually recovered following a severe anaphylactic reaction. Dosages of 0.5 cc., or less, invariably gave rise to marked anaphylactic symptoms, but the animals gradually recovered. These animals invariably showed a subsequent increase of tolerance as is evidenced by their surviving the injection of 1 cc. of the extract on the following day.
 Passive transfer was accomplished from the sensitized guinea-pig to a normal one. The injection of 1 cc. of the rye extract intravenously on the day following an intraperitoneal injection of 5 cc. of the sensitized animal's serum, proved fatal within two minutes.


The years 1897 and 1898 are regarded as the golden era for three art groups and three art journals in three separate centres of the Habsburg empire — the cities of Vienna, Cracow and Prague. It was at that time that the three art associations: Vereinigung bildender Kunstler Osterreichs — "Wiener Secession", Towarzystwo Artystow Polskich "Sztuka" [Society of Polish Artists "Art"], and Spolek výtvarných umělců Manes [Association of Artists "Manes"] were set up. The three groups maintained mutual contacts (however cold they proved to be), and jointly participated in many exhibitions, asserting at the same time their distinct national characters. Each of them possessed its own, specific kind of a "temple" and salon of art, where — beside exhibiting art — they introduced a new style of exhibition arrangement, using painted friezes, draperies, furniture, and above all — decorative shrubs, plants and festoons of flowers, which made the exhibition space look like a society drawing room or a garden house. The three associations closely collaborated with three art journals, set up almost simultaneously: Ver Sacrum in Vienna, Volne Smĕry in Prague, and Życie in Cracow, which on their pages united an analogous literary content with a beautiful layout and graphic design. The milieu which yield the three above-mentioned associations consisted of ARTISTS-GENIUSES, ARTISTS-NEUROTICS, ARTISTS-PRIESTS, and also ARTISTS-ACTORS who were ready to fulfil their great missions according to the principle of "art for art's sake". They had great reverence for Romanticism, disposition for melancholy, irrationality, apathy, and eagerly referred to symbolism, and decadence. At the same time, they were ready to cause scandals, defending their beliefs, eager to participate in sophisticated parties and frequented outrageous cabarets cafes — the "seats of debauchery and all kind of evil". After 1905 there followed a decline of the idea of egalitarianism of art and its emotional values; the conviction of the artist's special mission in society was abandoned and the new generation of artists, both in Vienna, Prague, as well as in Cracow, in their aggressive manifestos and programs heralded radical changes to the arts. The outbreak of World War I, the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the recovery of national sovereignty by the Czechs and the Poles had written the last act in the drama of mutual contacts between the Vienna Secession, the Prague Manes and the Cracow "Sztuka".


Ten years after the raising of the iron curtain, the barrier between the western world and the former "popular democracies" appeared to have been pushed back to the borders of Romania. The impression that this situation was at a standstill began to fade with the launch of negotiations on Romania's accession to the European Union (EU) in February 2000 and the right of Romanians to move freely within the Schengen area ...


Edna May, my grandmother, died at sixty-eight from a broken heart. Over a man. Whether hinted or spoken the knowledge seeped into my consciousness...


Abstract Background Severe invasive disease caused by hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae was first reported in the 1980s in Taiwan with subsequent cases seen in Southeast Asian countries, including Korea, Vietnam, and Japan. However, there has been an increasing incidence in other areas around the world, including North America. Our objective was to characterize patients with hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscesses by clinical course and microbiologic data. Methods This was a retrospective case series of inpatients from 2015 to 2017 at Cambridge Health Alliance, an academic community healthcare system including Cambridge and Everett hospitals. Included patients all had a solitary Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess with microbiologic confirmation. Data collected included gender, age, country of origin, comorbidities, and clinical complications and outcomes. Klebsiella isolates were sent for genetic sequencing and colonies were grown on agar to evaluate for hypermucoviscosity. Results Five patients were included with Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess. The age ranged from 53 to 74 years old, all patients were male, three patients were from Haiti and two were from Vietnam, and comorbidities included: diabetes 3/5 (60%), hypertension 1/5 (20%), and COPD 1/5 (20%). Mortality was not observed in any of these patients, however, 4/5 (80%) required ICU care due to the severity of illness. Clinical complications included: sepsis 3/5 (50%), lung emboli 2/5 (40%), NSTEMI and new onset heart failure 1/5 (20%), altered mental status and psychosis 1/5 (20%). Klebsiella isolates were sequenced and 2/5 (40%) had the rmpA gene, and 5/5 isolates grown on agar exhibited hypermucoviscosity with a positive string test. Conclusion Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae and severe invasive disease is of global concern with emerging incidence in North America. Further research is needed to elucidate risk factors for development. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


This study had the purpose to analyse the antiviral drug acyclovir employing a voltammetric method that permits its quantification sensitively and reliably in pharmaceutical preparations. This investigation consisted of optimizing the voltammetric parameters and involved the chemical modification of the electrode. Among Au, Pt, and GC electrodes, the latter showed the best behaviour, which was modified by means of electrochemical and chemical pretreatments, using 0.10 M LiClO4 as supporting electrolyte, 20.0 mM pyrrole, and 1.0 mM acyclovir as templating species. Polypyrrole was then overoxidized in 0.10M phosphate buffer at 0.95 V vs Ag/AgCl. This approach enhanced the limit of quantification, the stability, and sensitivity. The glassy carbon electrode coated with molecularly imprinted, overoxidized polypyrrole (OPPy) behaves as a cation exchanger due to dedoping and loss of conjugation. Square wave voltammetry allowed determining acyclovir in 0.10 M phosphate buffer, pH 4.00. The pulse height and frequency were 40 mV and 50 Hz. The limit of detection was 0.20 μM. Its quantitation in a pharmaceutical preparation by multiple addition of standard, a content of (206.0 ± 4.2) mg was determined, R2 was 0.9986; the amount of Acy was 200 mg. The voltammetric method is of easy application, less expensive, and as sensitive as HPLC.


At present,China higher education is gradually transforming from elite education to mass education.Therefore,stabilizing and improving the quality of education has become a major issue restricting the development of higher education.The key factors of this issue are the quality and level of the teaching staff.Most new teachers in medical colleges and universities are non-normal college graduates,lacking the necessary educational theories and teaching experience.Through examination and comprehensive assessment on the young teachers' internship performance,their teaching quality can be steadily improved.


A 67‐year‐old man presented in April 1983 with three painful ulcers with bluish margins on the right shin and the lower back. The largest lesion was 6 cm in diameter. The lesions had started as painful nodules 8 months previously; these ulcerated within 2 weeks and fluctuated in size. There was no history of arthritis or bowel disease. Full blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum electrolytes, urea, and liver enzymes were normal. Antinuclear antibody and rheumatoid factor were negative. The serum IgA level was elevated at 7.35 g/L (normal 0.8–4 g/L). Immunoelec‐trophoresis revealed IgA kappa paraproteinemia. Bence Jones protein was not found in the urine. Skeletal survey, bone marrow, sigmoidoscopy, and rectal biopsy were normal. No bacterial pathogens were grown. Histology of the edge of the ulcer showed dermal abscesses, dermal granulation tissue, and chronic inflammatory infiltrate extending to the subcutis.


Many of the alkaloids used as drugs today are from natural sources. These drugs have been modified to produce analogs for clinical use. One of these alkaloids, pilocarpine, is an imidazole alkaloid found in plants of the genus Pilocarpus (Fig. 1). Plants of this genus are designated by the name jaborandi but only Pilocarpus microphyllus, which accumulates the highest pilocarpine content, is considered as true jaborandi [17, 22]. Jaborandi growing as a shrub is found in the understory of the pre Amazonian rain forest and occurs more intensively in the state of Maranhão [18, 22]. Pilocarpine has important pharmaceutical properties. It is used to reduce the intraocular pressure in the treatment of glaucoma [14], as a stimulant of salivation and perspiration, and recently has been prescribed for the treatment of xerostomia, which a symptom refers abnormal dryness of the mouth due to the reduction of saliva production [5]. In spite of the importance of the plant and the pharmacological activity of pilocarpine, only a few reports have been published for this alkaloid in Pilocarpus [2, 3]. Jaborandi leaves are the only known source of pilocarpine, an imidazole alkaloid probably derived from histidine [6]. Several solvent-based extraction protocols for pilocarpine have been reported. Unfortunately, these methods often suffers from low extraction yields, long extraction times and potential existence of trace organic solvent in final products which decrease the product quality [25]. Several supercritical fluid and organic solvent-based extraction protocols to extract pilocarpine and other alkaloids have been reported [3, 19]. However, the use of organic solvents for Pilocarpine is an imidazole alkaloid, found exclusively in the Pilocarpus genus, with huge pharmaceutical importance. In order to extract pilocarpine from Pilocarpus jaborandi, environmentally friendly enzyme-assisted extraction was applied. Viscozyme L, a commercially available enzyme cocktail, was used for the study. The conditions for extraction were optimized on the basis of substrates, enzymes, temperatures and pHs. Optimum conditions for extraction with the highest yield were 30 h reaction of 100 mg substance at 45oC in 40 ml of 50 mM acetic acid, pH 4. A 10% enzyme concentration was found to be the best for extraction. Total pilocarpine content after extraction was analyzed by HPLC. The total pilocarpine content (1.14 μg/mg) obtained from Viscozyme L treatment was 3.08-fold greater than those of the control treatment (0.37 μg/mg).


contents covering four pages and an index of nine pages. The programs are set off by headings of a distinctive style, made up of ruled lines and capitalized letters. The clear type and well-arranged pages make the text easily read. There are many pertinent charts, forms, graphs, tables, and tests. Excellent quotations for blackboard use are given in several of the lessons. Two minor errors were found: one in the numbering of objectives and the other a misspelling of the word "pantomime." This volume should prove to be extremely valuable to home-room teachers, guidance counselors, and principals in junior high schools. Without question it is a meritorious contribution to the literature on home-room guidance. J. W. WELSH Abraham Lincoln Junior High School Rockford, Illinois


Understanding and analyzing power system stability behavior under various conditions is the goal of power system stability analysis. The PSS is utilized by generators to address stability issues. To distinguish PSS execution under the transient inadequacy condition, a transient stability examination is carried out. This paper manages power system stabilizers to enhance the system's dynamic stability. Reenactment programming, such as MATLAB, licenses such evaluation on test structures, such as the 3 machine 9 Bus systems, which are intended to calculate various apparatuses of system under various conditions, despite the fact that such an examination cannot be carried out in the field. Various PSS have been used in the past to tune PSS frequency. In addition to comparing the obtained results to those of other PSS, we tuned the repeat of PSS using frequency response strategy that makes use of the system's frequency under transient conditions. The simpowersystem MATLAB tool kit was used to plan and analyze transient stability for the System with PSS.


Objective To investigate the feasibility and superiority of the lecture based learning (LBL) combined prablem-based learning (PBL) for endocrinology teaching practice. Methods Totally 150 clinic medical undergraduates were randomly divided into three groups: LBL group (n=50), PBL group (n=50) and LBL+PBL group (n=50). Questionnaires, written and oral tests were employed to evaluate the teaching effect. ANOVA was used to compare the indicator scores and chi-square test was used to compare grades and passing rate. Results Teaching efficiency, mater of knowledge, capabilities of analysis, teaming and collaboration ability and medical diagnosis thinking cultivation were better in LBL and PBL group than in the other two groups. There were statistical differences in total score (F=4.69, P=0.010) and passing rate(A-2=8.94,P=0.030) among three groups. Conclusions LBL+PBL guarantee the teaching quality and cultivate the comprehensive quality of students ; therefore it is superior to LBL and PBL.

Key words:
Lecture-based learning;  Problem- based learning;  Combined teaching;  En-docrinology


Housing is one of the basic necessities for human survival. The unpredictable nature of economic development and rapid population growth of most of the emerging countries makes effective and efficient housing delivery difficult for governments, leaving the right of their residents to housing unsatisfied. Creating affordable living spaces is seen as a political and economic issue, leading to discussions on economic measures to relieve it, but there are solutions offered by architects and urban planners, that take factors such as construction, density, land use, infrastructure into account. In this paper, the authors introduce a low-cost approach to housing in the context of developing countries, taking Ethiopia as a case study, with the goal of encouraging diversity, promoting local materials and manufacturing as well as keeping construction and maintenance costs low. A starting point for the implementation of a low-cost housing concept, is the vast capacity of slum inhabitants


Most watermarking schemes for intellectual property (IP) protection embed authorship information at a single design abstraction level. Effective means to directly verify the watermark distributed at the downstream designs are lacking, particularly after the IP core is packaged into chip. This paper proposes a hybrid scheme for watermarking sequential designs. At behavioral level, the finite state machine (FSM) is watermarked by interweaving the watermark bits into the outputs of its existing and unspecified transitions. During the Design-for-Testability (DfT) process, the scan chain that incorporates the watermarked FSM as one of the test kernels is further watermarked to provide a second level of protection. It enables the watermark on the FSM to be publicly detectable by the legitimate end users off chip via the scan test. Experimental results on ISCAS'89 and LGSynth'93 benchmark circuits show that the watermarked circuits have acceptably low overheads with stronger authorship proof.


The 3D model is one of the most effective methods that describe geological problems of hydropower engineering.Based on the classification of geological objects and the research of 3D modeling method,3D geological modeling technology is studied in terms of modeling function,expression and numerical analysis,and is put into use in Yantan,Wanjiakouzi and Xiaowan hydropower projects.


In a bridge project, several alternative designs can be functionally equivalent for the designated location. The environmental concern urges today's designers to explore the new design options to m ...


2. Visit 324 Horton Hall IN PERSON from 8:00-4:30, Monday-Friday ONLY. Schedule the examination with the student worker(s) at the front reception desk. Information needed to schedule includes: a. FULL name b. Professor's FULL name c. Department name/ Course # d. Length of class e. Day and date of the exam f. Start time (between 8:00-2:00) g. Reader? Scribe? Laptop? h. Exam to Disability Services – how? i. Exam return to professor – how?


In this column, we review these three books: 1. The Problem With Software: Why Smart Engineers Write Bad Code, by Adam Barr. Answers to a question many of us have probably asked; and what we can do about it. Review by Shoshana Marcus. 2. Elements of Parallel Computing, by Eric Aubanel. A textbook on the underpinnings of this important and fascinating area of computer science. Review by Michele Amoretti. 3. Theorems of the 21st Century: Volume I, by Bogdan Grechuk. The background, context, and statement of numerous important (accessible) mathematical theorems from the past 20 years. Review by William Gasarch.


Abstract Detailed analyses of cores from Parigi-age carbonate buildups provide insights into the depositional history, diagenesis and reservoir quality of these Upper Miocene gas reservoirs. The buildups range in thickness from 4 to 1103 feet and are composed of fine-to medium-grained, moderately-sorted skeletal-foraminiferal wackestone, packstone and grainstone with interbedded claystone. Eight carbonate lithofacies are present in the KLY-1 and EJ-4 wells and elsewhere in the Java Sea. These are: 1) bioclastic peloidal packstone to grainstone, 2) bioclastic wackestone to packstone, 3) foraminiferal wackestone to packstone, 4) red algal wackestone to packstone, 5) dasycladacean/cryptalgal-laminated wackestone to packstone, 6) dolomite/calcareous dolomite, 7) argillaceous mudstone/clay-stone, 8) glauconite/peloid mudstone. Over the area covered by the ARCO contract, the Parigi carbonates vary in thickness, lithology and faunal content. The KLY-1 core records deposition of thick, shallow water carbonates on a rimmed carbonate shelf. Deposition of these rocks was diachronous with thinner, argillaceous, deeper water shelf sediments seen in the EJ-4 core. Up to four marine transgressive episodes can be recognized. The major diagenetic processes to affect these rocks include cementation, replacement and dissolution. However, diagenetic alteration, with the possible exception of local dolomitization, did not alter primary depositional textures to a great extent. The reservoir quality is primarily controlled by the original depositional facies of the carbonates. The major pore system in the Parigi is interparticle microporosity within the carbonate mud matrix of wackestones and packstones. Early and late cementation partly or wholly occluded isolated (ineffective) moldic pores, thus having little effect on the rock's overall flow properties. Locally, dissolution has created and enhanced both porosity and permeability in carbonate mud by enlarging the micropores and increasing their interconnectivity.


Early power stations in China have been in operation for a long time. Due to the limitations of design, construction materials and technological level at that time, many hydroelectric generators have some defects. The computer monitoring and control system of a hydropower station refers to the measurement, control, protection and monitoring of the entire equipment of a hydropower station completed and realized by the computer system. The computer monitoring and control system of hydropower station replaces the traditional control equipment, fault recording equipment, monitoring and measuring equipment and relay protection equipment. This paper studies the full homomorphic encryption algorithm, introduces the zero-knowledge proof technology into the block chain trading protocol based on the full homomorphic encryption, and constructs the block chain that protects data privacy.


This article describes the nursing care provided to a Doberman in acute life-threatening heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). DCM is a common problem seen in medium-large breed dogs. It can sometimes lead to congestive heart failure (CHF) and cause arrhythmias, further compromising cardiac function. Nursing care, monitoring and therapy are vital for the patient both in the short term, but also long term, to optimize quality of life.


Abstract The U.S. Electoral College's winner-take-all method of awarding electoral votes creates a high susceptibility to disputes and errors, but past reform attempts have glossed over their likely disruptions to power balances among states and between the two political parties. This gap is filled by connecting pragmatic models of power shifts and election disputability to a historically informed probabilistic model of future elections. This methodology is then applied to a continuum of reform proposals between the current system and the Lodge-Gossett version of a national popular vote. The results show that a modest smoothing of winner-take-all near the toss-up point delivers a good tradeoff between reducing dispute frequency and distorting power balances, enabling meaningful reform in an era of high polarization. This conclusion holds for extrapolation of the current national landscape into near-future elections, as well as for more arbitrary distributions of partisans among states to represent far-future landscapes. However, as electoral award smoothing diminishes the frequency of disputed elections, it inevitably broadens their scope.


Based on the analysis of the research done by some Nizhni Novgorod authors, it is concluded that they have made an important contribution to the historiography of the Nizhni Novgorod Scientific Archival Commission and to the creation of historical portraits of major local historians of the late 19th century the first third of the twentieth century. A.Ya.Sadovsky's diary is introduced into scientific circulation, some excerpts from it are published that throw light on the first months of his presidency of the Commission.


Premedication consists of pethidine loOmg and atropine 1/100gr (0.65mg) given intra-muscularly one hour pre-operatively. In a drowsy poor-risk patient, pethidine is omitted, and in a fit and apprehensive patient, nembutal3gr orally is added. Induction is with thiopentone 5 per cent in an amount of 0.25 to OSg, unless the patient is drowsy or a poor-risk, in which case it is reduced to 0.1 to 0.2g, followed by succinylcholine chloride 5Omg for intubation. The lungs are intermittently inflated with oxygen until the patient is well oxygenated, and the larynx and trachea sprayed with 4 per cent lignocaine. The trachea is intubated orally with an armoured tube of appropriate size well lubricated with 2 per cent lignocaine jelly. The lungs are again intermittently inflated (until adequate respiration returns) with a mixture of nitrous oxide (7 litres) oxygen (3 litres) and di-ethyl ether vapour till the level of anzsthesia reaches stage 111, plane 11 of ether anmthesia (Guedel) and the cough reflex is abolished; (Ether is administered in the ether bottle of the Boyle's apparatus with the control lever fully open and the plunger depressed until the gases ruffle the surface of the ether).


. Weissbrod, T., 2005. The Paleozoic in Israel and Environs, in J. K. Hall, V. A. Krasheninnikov, F. Hirsch, H. Benjamini, and A. Flexer, eds., Geological Framework of the Levant, 2: Jerusalem, p. 283-316. Weissbrod, T. and Sneh, A., 2002. Sedimentology and paleogeography of the late Precambrian early Cambrian arkosic and conglomeratic facies in the northern margins of the Arabo-Nubian Shield. Isr. Geol. Surv. Bull., 87. Wolfart, R., 1967. Geologie von Syrien und dem Lebanon, 326 p. Gebruder Borntrager, Berlin.


The subject of the Bachelor´s thesis is the solo and chamber literature found in the archives of Prague. The obcjective of this work is to map the literature related to double bass in six particular archives. The most important part of this thesis are tables with the results of the research. The found works are listed with signatures for better reader´s orientation and for possible looking up of the material. Different chapters of this thesis inform us of the history of the relevant archives, explain the research methods and describe the found material. It is in essence a self-contained abstract of double bass literature in the city of Prague which might be used (not only) by the bass players as a guide while finding a required title. Last but not least, it is to help to extend their horizons in musical history.


(57) Abstract: supplying a beneficial drug, to provide a supply system for release continuously. The system includes a storage chamber containing the beneficial chemicals, connecting the external reservoir chamber and the system, and a capillary channel for supplying the beneficial drug from the system. The capillary channel has been cross-sectional area and length selected to provide a rate determined in advance. The system further into the feed of the beneficial drug, may include an outer surface that is not porous impermeable. The beneficial drugs may be formulated in a glassy sugar matrix.


A novel azobenzene compound containing bromobutoxy group and chiral carbon,4-(2-methyl butylcarboxylate)-4′-(1-bromobutoxy) azobenzene(CMB-Azo) was synthesized by subsequent reactions of substitution,hydrolysis and esterification.The structure of CMB-Azo was characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR.The Changes in UV-Vis spectra of CMB-Azo and 4-(1-bromobutyl carboxylate)-4′-(1-bromobutoxy) azobenzene(CBB-Azo) irradiated by the light were detected.The results showed that CMB-Azo and CBB-Azo in MeOH could undergo trans→cis isomerization irradiated with 355 nm UV-light,and cis→trans isomerization irradiated subsequently with 445 nm visible light.Compared with that of CBB-Azo,the photoisomerization of CMB-Azo changed slowly due to the introduction of chiral carbon.


This study aimed to investigate the impact of teacher and peer written corrective feedback (WCF) on Indonesian senior high school students' writing performance. A total of 71 Indonesian senior high school students from Grade X participated in this study; 36 were provided teacher WCF and 35 peers WCF. To collect pre and posttest data, the participants were asked to write a legend essay. Using qualitative data analysis, we aimed to reveal the effectiveness of teacher and peer WCF in improving students' writing performance. Adapted scoring rubric was employed to measure students' overall writing performance, and competencies in relation to writing components such as content, organization, grammar, vocabulary, and mechanics. The results revealed that peer WCF can better enhance students' writing abilities compared to teacher WCF. Furthermore, students who received teacher WCF showed substantial improvement in performance relating to all writing components except mechanics. In contrast, peer WCF enhanced students' organization and vocabulary related performance.


ABSTRACT The problem of estimation of unknown response function of a time-invariant continuous linear system is considered. Integral sample input–output cross-correlogram is taken as an estimator of the response function. The inputs are supposed to be zero-mean stationary Gaussian process. A criterion on the shape of impulse response function is given. For this purpose, we apply a theory of square–Gaussian random processes and estimate the probability that supremum of square–Gaussian process exceeds the level specified by some function.


Objective To investigate into the correlation between morning blood pressure peak( MBPS) and atherosclerosis related inflammatory factors in elderly patients with hypertension. Methods 116 cases of elderly hypertension were divided into MBPS normal group( n = 56) and MBPS abnormal group( n = 60),measuring blood pressure variability and atherosclerosis related inflammatory factors in patients respectively. Then making an analysis of the relationship between morning blood pressure peak and atherosclerosis related inflammatory factors. Results In addition to age,BMI,TC,TG,HDL-C,MBPS was positively correlated with hs CRP、-TNF-α、MCP-1、MIF. Conclusion For elderly hypertensive patients,besides age, BMI,TC,TG,HDL-C,MBPS was positively correlated with atherosclerosis related inflammatory factors such as hs CRP、-TNF-α、MCP-1、MIF.


This article is the result of a research. It proposes a reference framework for using the Canvas Business Model in conjunction with the Solutions Construction Model for the development of telematics systems. By using the CBM and its translation for the modeling of UML-based business and the Rational Unified Process (RUP) guidelines, understanding process of the organizational context where the solution will operate and dialogue between the interested parties becomes easier. Optionally, the use of the Minimum Viable Product (MVP) is proposed, as defined in the Lean Startup, as complement to the idea of operating the solution scenario before going forward to the construction stages. The reference framework was tested with the development of a telematics solution for the Scho ol of Health Sciences of Universidad del Cauca, showing its advantages and facilitating developers and customers a better understanding of the organizational context and the evolution and definition of the solution to be constructed.


The surface flashover of supporting insulators of DC gas insulated transmission line(GIL) GIL is mainly induced by surface charge accumulation.The distribution of interior electric field of DC GIL is mainly controlled by conductivity and geometry of insulator made of epoxy resin.Therefore,a model of 500 kV DC GIL is established in this paper,and the influences of geometry,volume conductivity,and surface conductivity of supporting insulators of GIL on electric field distribution are analyzed with the software COMSOL.The results show that the electric field distribution of semi-conical insulators is the optimum,the volume conductivity of the insulators exerts weak influence on the electric field distribution,and the electric field distribution on insulator surface of DC GIL can be controlled and optimized by controlling the surface conductivity of the insulators.


The DARPA-sponsored ORAN project is an architectural study of economically providing broadband wavelength-division multiplexing access to high-end users. The ORAN architecture is a scalable, flexible, cost-effective access network that delivers both huge bandwidth and high degree of upgradability.


Walmart has reached a stage of domestic real estate maturity, where it can no longer open new stores without significant cannibalization of existing stores. To continue growing, Walmart has entered international markets and invested in e-commerce. Still, deployment of brick-and-mortar stores in the United States continues to remain part of its growth strategy. Realizing the pool of potential candidate sites for new Supercenters would eventually dwindle, Walmart introduced its first Neighborhood Market in 1998 to serve quick-trip needs. After fifteen years, Walmart had more than 300 Neighborhood Markets. With a limited amount of available and relevant sites to place new Supercenters, and with negative same-store sales, Walmart announced it would significantly accelerate the rollout of the Neighborhood Market by opening approximately 200 new stores in 2014. This article investigates the spatial growth and trade area characteristics of the Neighborhood Market, and how it differentiates from traditional Walmart stores.


In vehicle trajectory prediction, physics models and data-driven models are two predominant methodologies. However, each approach presents its own set of challenges: physics models fall short in predictability, while data-driven models lack interpretability. Addressing these identified shortcomings, this paper proposes a novel framework, the Physics-Enhanced Residual Learning (PERL) model. PERL integrates the strengths of physics-based and data-driven methods for traffic state prediction. PERL contains a physics model and a residual learning model. Its prediction is the sum of the physics model result and a predicted residual as a correction to it. It preserves the interpretability inherent to physics-based models and has reduced data requirements compared to data-driven methods. Experiments were conducted using a real-world vehicle trajectory dataset. We proposed a PERL model, with the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) as its physics car-following model and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) as its residual learning model. We compare this PERL model with the physics car-following model, data-driven model, and other physics-informed neural network (PINN) models. The result reveals that PERL achieves better prediction with a small dataset, compared to the physics model, data-driven model, and PINN model. Second, the PERL model showed faster convergence during training, offering comparable performance with fewer training samples than the data-driven model and PINN model. Sensitivity analysis also proves comparable performance of PERL using another residual learning model and a physics car-following model.


Markov decision processes (MDPs) have provided general frameworks for many control, decision making, and optimization problems. However, solving the optimal policies for many such problems is computationally prohibitive due to the large state space and the large action space. Event-based dynamic programming (EDP) has been developed to formulate the event-based decision making processes. Since the number of events could increase only linearly with respect to (w.r.t.) the problem scale, EDP provides a computationally feasible way to many problems which are time-consuming to solve in the MDP framework. However, the event sequence is not Markov, the optimal event-based policy could depend on the entire history, which cannot be implemented in practice. In this paper, for EDP with discrete and finite state space we construct a completely observable MDP with both the belief distribution over the internal system state and the current observable event being the state. Then we show that solving the original EDP is equivalent to solving this belief-event dynamic programming (BEDP), the optimal policies of which can be found within Markov policies that can be implemented in practice. Then potential-based policy iteration algorithms for completely observable MDP can be applied. We also discuss extensions to finite-stage EDP.


Reduced (FeII) Rhodopseudomonas palustris cytochrome c′ (Cyt c′) is more stable toward unfolding ([GuHCl]1/2 = 2.9(1) M) than the oxidized (FeIII) protein ([GuHCl]1/2 = 1.9(1) M). The difference in folding free energies (ΔΔGf° = 70 meV) is less than half of the difference in reduction potentials of the folded protein (100 mV vs. NHE) and a free heme in aqueous solution (≈−150 mV). The spectroscopic features of unfolded FeII–Cyt c′ indicate a low-spin heme that is axially coordinated to methionine sulfur (Met-15 or Met-25). Time-resolved absorption measurements after CO photodissociation from unfolded FeII(CO)–Cyt c′ confirm that methionine can bind to the ferroheme on the microsecond time scale [kobs = 5(2) × 104 s−1]. Protein folding was initiated by photoreduction (two-photon laser excitation of NADH) of unfolded FeIII–Cyt c′ ([GuHCl] = 2.02–2.54 M). Folding kinetics monitored by heme absorption span a wide time range and are highly heterogeneous; there are fast-folding (≈103 s−1), intermediate-folding (102–101 s−1), and slow-folding (10−1 s−1) populations, with the last two likely containing methionine-ligated (Met-15 or Met-25) ferrohemes. Kinetics after photoreduction of unfolded FeIII–Cyt c′ in the presence of CO are attributable to CO binding [1.4(6) × 103 s−1] and FeII(CO)–Cyt c′ folding [2.8(9) s−1] processes; stopped-flow triggered folding of FeIII–Cyt c′ (which does not contain a protein-derived sixth ligand) is adequately described by a single kinetics phase with an estimated folding time constant of ≈4 ms [ΔGf° = −33(3) kJ mol−1] at zero denaturant.


Abstract The rheological behaviors of polypropylene (PP)/poly(1-butene) (PB) blends with homo-polypropylene (PP1) or impact polypropylene (PP2), a poly(propylene-co-ethylene) as the PP component were studied. With increasing of PB resin content for both PP/PB blends, the blends showed higher G'(ω), G''(ω) and η*(ω) at low frequencies but lower values at high frequencies which implied that the processability was improved. A two-phase morphology was observed through the various rheological responses, including G'(ω)-ω terminal region curves, Cole-Cole plots and the weighted relaxation spectra with the PB contents up to 40 wt%. With the same PB content, the rheological parameters of the PP2/PB blends were quite different from those of the PP1/PB, which can be attributed to the stronger interaction between PB chains and the ethylene-co-propylene copolymer in PP2. The impact strength of the PP2/PB blends was improved dramatically over that of the PP1/PB. The more significant toughening effect for the PP2/PB blends can be attributed to the special responses of its rheological behaviors.


AIM: To investigate the effects of YiShenHuoXue Capsule (YSWX) on erythropoietin and renal function in rats with chronic renal anemia. METHODS: The rat models of chronic renal anemia were established with adenine ( n =30) and then were treated with YSWX. RESULTS: YSWX significantly improved the rats' renal function (BUN mmol/L: 17.5±3.6 vs 28.5±10.6, P 0.01; 12.2±3.2 vs 28.5± 10.6, P 0.01; SCr μmol/L:109.1±10.2 vs 72.1±7.6, P 0.01; 93.9±11.7 vs 72.1±7.6, P 0.01) and increased the erythropoietin level in plasma (CFU E;11.5±3.4 vs 6.58±2.1, P 0.01; 13.2±3.6 vs 6.58±2.1, P 0.01). CONCLUSION: YSWX can improve rat renal function and increase erythropoietin level in plasma.


OBJECTIVE
This report examines the prevalence and common correlates of early smoking initiation among male and female school children across seven African countries.

METHOD
The total sample included 17,725 school children aged 13 to 15 years from nationally representative samples in seven African countries. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between early smoking initiation, health compromising behaviours, mental distress, protective factors and socio-economic status variables.

RESULTS
Overall 15.5% had experienced smoking initiation before age 14, with the percentages 20.1% among boys and 10.9% among girls. In multivariable analysis, early smoking initiation was among boys associated with ever drunk from alcohol use (OR = 4.73, p = 0.001), ever used drugs (OR = 2.36, p = 0.04) and ever had sex (OR = 1.63, p = 0.04). Among girls, it was associated with higher education (OR = 5.77, p = 0.001), ever drunk from alcohol use (OR = 4.76, p = 0.002), parental or guardian tobacco use (OR = 2.83, p = 0.001) and suicide ideation (OR = 2.05, p = 0.02).

CONCLUSION
The study found a high prevalence of early smoking initiation among 13-15 year-olds in seven African countries. Various risk factors have been identified in boys and girls who initiate smoking before age 14, forming a distinct risk group in this setting. Specific interventions are needed for boys and girls in the preteen years, before smoking initiation.


Abstract Diet of the Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) was studied in three coastal wintering areas (Axios and Evros Deltas, Messolonghi Lagoon) of Greece, in order to assess spatial differences and commercial value of prey. Thirteen birds were collected from the Axios Delta, 28 from the Evros Delta, and 16 from Messolonghi Lagoon. Pellets were collected from the Evros Delta (26) and Messolonghi Lagoon (30). A variety of fish taxa were found in the samples, but only one or two dominated in Great Cormorant's diet, either by numbers or biomass. Grey mullets (Mugilidae and Golden Grey Mullet Liza aurata) were the most important prey by numbers and biomass in the Axios Delta; Giebel (Carassius auratus gibelio) dominated by numbers and biomass in the Evros Delta; whereas Boyer's Sand Smelt (Atherina boyeri) was most important by numbers and Mugilidae by biomass at Messolonghi Lagoon. Differences found in diet between areas are probably due to differences in prey species composition and abundance. Fish of high commercial value contributed in low proportions in Great Cormorant's diet, by numbers and biomass, being highest at Messolonghi Lagoon (22.4% by numbers, pellets; 11.5% by biomass, stomachs). The small overlap between the bird's diet and valuable prey suggests minimal competition with fisheries.


The most important direction of the state program of Patriotic education in the Russian Federation is to preserve the historical memory of the exploits of our fellow citizens at various stages of Russia's development. The study of the current state of search work and the activities of the Russian Orthodox Church in this direction suggests that the Orthodox practice of honoring and commemorating fallen soldiers is combined with the traditions and experience accumulated by search teams in the Russian Federation's regions.


A mosaic trisomy 13 presenting as a case of cleft lip and palate in the newborn is described. However, when the child was admitted to hospital at the age of 6 weeks because of failure to gain weight and a malformation of the great vessels was demonstrated, cytogenetic studies were carried out. The diagnosis of mosaic trisomy 13 (90% normal, 10% trisomic) was established from a leukocyte culture. Since, occasionally, mosaic trisomy 13 may mimic cleft lip and palate in the newborn, cytogenetic studies are indicated in the presence of any additional anomaly.


Use of mobile robots in farm setting may result in lowering production costs, reducing the manual labors, and may be essential in the future due to a potential shortage of farmers. The conditions, such as blade geometry, soil conditions, and cutting depth, have been shown to have great effects on power consumption and on efficiency of particular farm machineries. In this paper, a 3-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) is developed to analyze behavior of a blade moving in a block of soil, and to find force reactions on the blade. This FEA model resulted in accurately predicting draft forces developed on the blade when it moves through the soil. The deformation of soil in front of the blade during soil-blade interaction is also studied. The FEA results are compared with analytical soil mechanics results which show good agreement.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


In many geothermal fields around the world, it is observed that (1) the vertical distribution of fluid pressure in the undisturbed reservoir is approximately liquid-hydrostatic (7-9 kPa per meter of depth), but that (2) when a well is drilled into the reservoir and fluid is withdrawn, the enthalpy (or steam fraction) of the stable fluid discharge is often anomalously high-sometimes the well discharges steam alone. As will be seen, this apparent paradox cannot be explained unless the reservoir is highly heterogeneous on a local scale, with a sharp permeability contrast between the relatively impermeable matrix rock and the fracture zones that penetrate it and provide channels for fluid flow. Also, anomalous wellhead discharge enthalpies will not be observed unless two-phase flow of a water/steam mixture is taking place deep within the reservoir itself. Finally, it is noteworthy that this socalled excess enthalpy effect is inherently transient in character and discharge enthalpies will eventually decline, although several years may pass before the deterioration in system performance becomes noticeable. Examples of these phenomena as observed in two geothermal fields in Japan are presented.


This article examines the politics of regional economic decline in two British administrative regions since 1979. Variations in economic problems and in government policy have combined with the presence or absence of indigenous resources to produce distinctive responses by groups and organisations in these regions. The findings highlight the strong influence of government policy in structuring the options for regional groups, as well as the mediational role played by regional civil servants. The politics of territory is alive and well in Britain, although it occurs within well‐defined parameters set largely by central government.


Background and Objective: Cancer is initiated due to abnormalities in the DNA of the affected cells leading to an extra mass of tissue termed a tumor. Breast cancer is the most public cancer amongst women world-wide. The present work is designed to investigate the ameliorating potential effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) in inhibition of Ehrlich cells growth and tumor development as a model for breast cancer. Also; the present work is designed to investigate the effect of GSPE on the changes in the levels of AFP, CEA, TNF-α and hematological alterations, and DNA damage examination on Ehrilch solid tumor (EST) bearing mice. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 female mice were evenly distributed amongst four groups (G1, control group; G2, GSPE group; G3, EST group; IV, EST+GSPE group). Results: Results revealed increased incidences of tumor growth in the untreated EST group, along with elevated levels of serum AFP, CEA, TNF-α, WBCs, platelets and DNA damage and an associated reduction in RBCs and Hb%. Treatment of EST with GSPE (EST+GSPE) modulates Original Research Article Ahmed et al.; AORJ, 2(1): 1-12, 2019; Article no.AORJ.51655 2 and improved these changes in CBC, tumor markers and DNA damage as compared to mice bearing EST. Conclusion: This finding calls for more investigation on the benefits of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) as antineoplastic activity on other tumors as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma or cancer.


The emission of CO2 has been dramatically increased within the last decade and is still increasing each year, making it the main cause of global warming. CO2 is mainly created by burning fossil fuels such as petrol and diesel. One of the solutions to decrease the emission is by changing the use of petrol to alternative fuel such as Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) or hydrogen. CNG is primarily composed of methane and also contains ethane, propane and heavier hydrocarbons. Even though natural gas has the lowest carbon emission of all fossil fuel, it still has significant carbon content. On the other hand, hydrogen has no carbon content so the replacement of some percentage of natural gas to hydrogen will reduce carbon emission. This study was carried out in order to investigate the influence of increasing the percentage of hydrogen, as a substitute to methane, to the emission produced in the direct injection internal combustion engine conditions. The combustion of hydrogen-methane mixture was simulated by using Star-CCM+ CFD software. The design of the combustion chamber used is similar to the condition for the combustion of petrol in an internal combustion engine where all the valves were closed. The emission of CO and CO2 from the combustion was observed. The emission results of the percentage of hydrogen added to methane fuel was analysed and discussed. The results showed a decrease of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions with the increase of hydrogen percentage. This shows that hydrogen-methane mixture has a high potential to be used as the alternative combustion strategy in transportation to replace the existing nonrenewable fuels and potentially able to reduce the greenhouse gas problem.


This work addresses the problem of predicting a non-linear time-variant leaf area index and soil moisture model (LSM) using state estimation. These techniques include the extended Kalman filter (EKF), particle filter (PF) and the more recently developed technique, variational filter (VF). In the comparative study, the state variables (the leaf-area index LAI, the volumetric water content of the layer 1, HUR1 and the volumetric water content of the layer 2, HUR2) are estimated from noisy measurements of these variables, and the various estimation techniques are compared by computing the estimation root mean square error with respect to the noise-free data. The results show that VF provides a significant improvement over EKF and PF.


This research investigates the concentration effect of the thermal release of adsorbed polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from commercial carbon black nanoparticles (CBNP) by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Pyrene was used for this study as a representative of PAHs and Printex 90 as representative of commercial CBNP. The thermal desorption occurs in two stages. A non-isothermal, 1st-order distributed activation energy model (DAEM) including a Weibull distribution was used for numerically fitting of the second desorption stage. A kinetic compensation effect was observed. The trend of the mean activation energy and the standard deviation in dependence on the pyrene content could be expressed independently of the pre-exponential factor by choosing a reference value.


ANTIOXIDATIVE MECHANISM OF ESTROGEN VALERAT AS INHIBITOR CARBONYL AND ADVANCED GLYCATION ENDPRODUCTS (AGES) FROM GLYCATION HYPOTHESIS Adenan, E. Suhartono, B. Setiawan Department of Public Health, Lambung Mangkurat University School of Medicine, Banjarbaru; Department of Medical Chemistry, Centre for Free Radical and Natural Product Studies, Lambung Mangkurat University School of Medicine, Banjarbaru, Indonesia


We describe the use of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), an increasingly ubiquitous technology, to provide a coordination mechanism for distributed process execution and tool integration. Building on the Endeavors process support system, we discuss extensions to an HTTP server to provide support for communication and coordination between system components as well as integration with external tools. We also examine several progressively more distributed and flexible approaches to distribution using HTTP and Endeavors.


Freestyle curvilinear architecture gains a disrepute as 'reasonless and formalism type' in public.Based on case studies,intentions and practical meanings of curvilinear architecture design are analyzed in the paper,compensating for environment in much higher density urban area,responding to more complex urban context,catering to strength and other physics requirement, etc.Therefore,architects should lay down burden in their mind,and make preparation for the design of more rational,elegant,and economy curvilinear form.


Objective To investigate the clinical therapeutic effect of Nucleoside drugs on decompensated cirrhosis patients following chronic hepatitis B. Methods 96 decompensated cirrhosis patients were randomly divided into four groups,all the groups were given conventional treatment while the group A were given lamivudine 100 mg/day,group B were given adefovir 10 mg/day,group C were given entecavir 0.5 mg/day,with treatment for 48 weeks.The control group were given conservative treatment only.Then to observe the clinical symptoms,body signs of all the patients,the changes of the liver functions,Prothrombin time activity(PTA),HBV DNA level and HBeAg negative,HBeAg/HBeAb conversion situation. Results After Nucleoside antiviral treatments for 48 weeks,no patients died in the study groups. Decompensated cirrhosis patients were significantly improved in clinical symptoms ,body signs,liver functions,PTA ,with decreased HBV DNA level(P0.05); the rates of HBeAg negative in these three groups were 20%,8% and 23%,there was significant differences for these three groups(PA/B0.05,PC/B0.05,PA/C0.05),the rates of HBV-DNA negative for these three groups ware 48%,28% and 68.2%,differences of the three groups were also significant(PA/B0.05,PC/B0.05,PA/C0.05),the therapeutic efficacy was worst for the control group,3 cases died,there was an obvious therapeutic efficacy difference between anti-virus treatment groups and control group(P0.01)。Conclusion Decompensated liver cirrhosis patients of Hepatitis B should receive antiretroviral treatment. Lamivudine and Entecavir can be chosen first for the treatment. In order to prevent the viral mutation induced by Lamivudine,use adefovir to continue the antivirus treatment when patients conditions improved.


During the last 2 decades, wireless communications were the fastest growing segment of the modern technology. In fact, Smart phones have become a handheld device are vital part of billions of people, throughout the world. Starting from first generation 1g technology to upcoming 5G technology the trend of applications and uses are diversified. By 2025 with the cognitive use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) the applications will impact all human-machine interfaces in the society. The paper reviews and examines the trend of evolution of wireless technologies and its social-economic impacts. More specifically, it gives an overview on technological innovation trend with its all-round impacts on society. It also represents various aspects of challenges


Background: The metabolism of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and β-amyloid (Aβ) is widely studied in Alzheimer's disease, where Aβ deposition and plaque development are essential components of the pathogenesis. However, the physiological role of amyloid in the adult nervous system remains largely unknown. We have previously found altered cerebral amyloid metabolism in other neuroinflammatory conditions. To further elucidate this, we investigated amyloid metabolism in patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB). Methods: The first part of the study was a cross-sectional cohort study in 61 patients with acute facial palsy (19 with LNB and 42 with idiopathic facial paresis, Bell's palsy) and 22 healthy controls. CSF was analysed for the β-amyloid peptides Aβ38, Aβ40 and Aβ42, and the amyloid precursor protein (APP) isoforms α-sAPP and β-sAPP. CSF total-tau (Ttau), phosphorylated tau (P-tau) and neurofilament protein (NFL) were measured to monitor neural cell damage. The second part of the study was a prospective cohort-study in 26 LNB patients undergoing consecutive lumbar punctures before and after antibiotic treatment to study time-dependent dynamics of the biomarkers. Results: In the cross-sectional study, LNB patients had lower levels of CSF α-sAPP, β-sAPP and P-tau, and higher levels of CSF NFL than healthy controls and patients with Bell's palsy. In the prospective study, LNB patients had low levels of CSF α-sAPP, β-sAPP and P-tau at baseline, which all increased towards normal at follow-up. Conclusions: Amyloid metabolism is altered in LNB. CSF levels of α-sAPP, β-sAPP and P-tau are decreased in acute infection and increase after treatment. In combination with earlier findings in multiple sclerosis, cerebral SLE and HIV with cerebral engagement, this points to an influence of neuroinflammation on amyloid metabolism. Background The trans-membranous protein amyloid precursor protein (APP) has been intensely studied in Alzheimer's disease (AD), since it is the source of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides, recognized as key-components in AD pathophysiology [1]. Although ubiquitously expressed, the physiological role of APP in the adult organism remains largely unknown. APP may undergo non-amyloidogenic cleavage at the α-site, which inhibits formation of Aβ and releases an extracellular soluble α-sAPP fragment. Alternatively, APP is processed by combined cleavages by β-secretase and γ-secretase, releasing Aβ and βsAPP. Aβ peptides vary in length due to variability in the γ-secretase cleavage site. Although CSF levels of α-sAPP and β-sAPP generally correlate tightly [2], it is not known how these pathways are orchestrated in vivo. CSF levels of α-sAPP and β-sAPP are reduced in MS and cerebral systemic lupus erythematosus SLE [3], and even lower levels are seen in HIV patients with cerebral engagement [4]. Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is caused by a central nervous system (CNS) infection by the tick-borne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. LNB is often manifested by cranial nerve engagement, and common clinical findings are facial nerve palsy and radiculitic pain [5,6]. Common laboratory findings are increased albumin ratio, indicating impaired blood-brain barrier function, and CSF monocytosis. In this study, we investigated CSF markers of amyloid metabolism and neural cell damage in LNB, to elucidate the influence of neuroinflammation on amyloid metabolism. * Correspondence: email@example.com 1 Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © 2010 Mattsson et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Mattsson et al. BMC Neurology 2010, 10:51 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2377/10/51 Page 2 of 7 The project contained two clinical studies. The first was a cross-sectional study in patients with acute facial palsy caused by either LNB or idiopathic Bell's palsy. The second was a longitudinal prospective cohort-study, where LNB patients were followed with successive lumbar punctures to investigate time-dependent biomarker dynamics. Methods Study participants We enrolled different study participants for the crosssectional study and the longitudinal study. Participants included LNB patients, Bell's palsy patients and controls. Diagnostic criteria for LNB were: I. Clinical symptoms consistent with neuroborreliosis and alternative explanations excluded; II Inflammatory CSF with mononuclear cell count >5 × 106/l and erythrocytes <100 × 106/L; III. One or more of the following: a) Intrathecal antibody production against B burgdorferi sp. b) Antibodies against B burgdorferi sp. in serum. c) Erythema migrans within three months; and IV. One or more of the following: a) CSF albumin >400 mg/L. b) Oligoclonal IgG and/or IgMsynthesis on CSF protein electrophoresis. c) IgG index (CSF/serum IgG ratio)/(CSF/serum albumin ratio) > .70. Bell's palsy (idiopathic facial palsy) was defined as acute, monosymptomatic, unilateral peripheral facial paresis of unknown etiology. Bell's palsy patients were included as non-infectious palsy controls. In the cross-sectional part of the study we investigated 61 patients of whom 19 fulfilled criteria for LNB and 42 were classified as Bell's palsy. Twenty-two individuals for whom CSF analysis was done because of headache or vertigo, but infection and other diseases were excluded (CSF albumin and cell count were normal), served as controls. The longitudinal study included 26 LNB patients with radiculitic pain and sensory disturbances. In addition, 3 patients had facial palsy, 3 had paraparesis, 1 had paresis of the accessorius nerve, and 1 had a trigeminus paresis. There was no overlap with the patients in the cross-sectional study. Ten patients without any neurological disorders, undergoing knee replacements, where CSF was drawn before surgery (Table 1) served as controls in the longitudinal study. These subjects are described in detail elsewhere [7]. All LNB patients were given oral treatment with doxycycline 200-400 mg daily for 10-14 days, which is the standard treatment in Sweden [8]. CSF was drawn before start of treatment and at follow-up. The median duration between the samplings was 45 days (range 3361). All subjects gave informed consent to participate. The study was approved by the ethics committee of University of Gothenburg. Sampling CSF samples were collected by lumbar puncture in the L3/L4 or L4/L5 interspace. Four mL of CSF was collected in a polypropylene tube and immediately transported to the local laboratory for centrifugation at 2.000 g at +4°C for 10 minutes. The supernatant was pipetted off, gently mixed to avoid possible gradient effects, and aliquoted in polypropylene tubes that were stored at -70°C pending biochemical analyses, without being thawed and re-frozen. Biochemical procedures All biochemical analyses were performed at the Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory in Mölndal, Sweden, by experienced laboratory technicians who were blinded to the clinical diagnoses and other clinical information. Markers of amyloid metabolism CSF levels of Aβ38, Aβ40 and Aβ42 were measured using the MSD® Human/Rodent (4G8) Abeta Triplex Assay as described by the manufacturer (Meso Scale Discovery, MSD®, Gaithersburg, MD, USA). This assay employs the 4G8 antibody to capture Aβ and C-terminal specific antibodies to specifically capture Aβ38, Aβ40 and Aβ42. All isoforms are detected by SULFO-TAGTM-labeled anti-4G8 detection antibody. CSF concentrations of α-sAPP and βsAPP were determined using the MSD® sAPPα/sAPPβ Multiplex Assay as described by the manufacturer. This assay employs the 6E10 antibody to capture α-sAPP and a neoepitope-specific antibody to capture β-sAPP. Both isoforms are detected by SULFO-TAGTM-labeled anti-APP antibody p2-1. Markers of neural cell damage The axonal damage marker CSF T-tau was measured using a sandwich ELISA (INNOTEST® hTAU-Ag, Innogenetics, Ghent, Belgium) specifically constructed to measure all tau isoforms irrespectively of phosphorylation status (T-tau), as previously described [9]. CSF concentrations of tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-tau) was measured using a sandwich ELISA (INNOTEST® PHOSPHO-TAU(181P), Innogenetics), as previously described [10]. CSF NFL, which is increased following damage to large myelinated axon, was analyzed using an ELISA, as previously described [11]. The detection limit for the NFL ELISA was 125 ng/L. Albumin Quantitative determination of albumin in serum and CSF was performed using the Behring Nephelometer Analyser (Behringwerke AG, Marburg, Germany). The CSF/serum albumin ratio was calculated as: CSF albumin (mg/l)/ serum-albumin (g/l). Statistical analyses All statistical calculations were performed using SPSS 15.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA). As the distribution of quantitative measures was significantly skewed, statistical tests involving these variables were conducted using the Mattsson et al. BMC Neurology 2010, 10:51 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2377/10/51 Page 3 of 7 non-parametric Kuskal-Wallis test for comparisons of multiple groups and the Mann-Whitney U test for pairwise comparisons between groups. Quantitative variables are presented as median (range). The Spearman correlation coefficient was used for analyses of correlation between variable levels in different study groups. Statistical significance was determined at P < .05. Role of the funding source The sponsors of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. The corresponding author had full access to all the data


The refining mechanism of natural anhydrite instead of thenardite and the different clarification effects of their batches are expounded. The results show that the refining mechanism of anhydrite and thenardite are similar,but their reaction temperature phases and intensity are obviously different. Thenardite is easy to melt,and due to its higher decomposition temperature and faster decomposition rate,it is easy to form bubbles,while anhydrite is hard to melt and not easy to form bubbles because of its lower decomposition temperature and slower decomposition rate.Viewed from the clarification effects of their batches,anhydrite is slightly better than thenardite.


The development of the thyroid gland of higher vertebrates has been extensively studied along pure morphological and histological lines. R e c e n t 1 y, the embryonic differentiation of this organ has been often studied in combination with its functional activity, biochemically (R a n k i n, '41, pigs ; Wolff et al., '49, calf), histochemically (M c Al pin e, '55, rats), by quantitative histometrical measurements (T ogar i, Sugiyama and Sa was a k i, '52, rabbits ; K r a i c z i c z e k, '56, chicks), by radioautography and by radiochromatography (Gorbman and Evans, '43, rats; Hansborough and K h a n, '51, chicks ; Hans b or ou g h and S e a y, '51, hamsters ; Waterman and G or bma n, '56, rabbits). Taki ('58) studied histologically the prenatal development of the human thyroid gland, and suggested the time of onset of functional activity by the occurrence of glycogen and its disappearance in the thyroid primoriium. Following previous studies on the embryonic thyroid gland


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of generative concept map on problem solving performance. 44 undergraduates who were registered introductory course for instructional technology participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups such as high-generative group in which the participants had high amount of knowledge and used the generative concept map. It was concluded that although high-generative group outperformed the other three groups on well-structured problem solving performance, it did not have an effect on ill-structured problem solving performance.


Reference-modification method,based on a certain type of well-designed battery which had been examined in production process,took battery size and requirements of instruments into consideration,then modified the design parameters according to a certain rule.By doing so,the parameters of the battery such as size of electrodes,amount of active materials,quantity of electrolyte,size of separator were obtained and optimized.Through the reference-modification method,a series of MH/Ni batteries were developed and designed with excellent performances such as high capacity,long cycle life(standard cycle life was over 800 cycles,and charge/discharge at 1 C 5 cycle life surpasses 500 cycles),super discharge characteristics,reliable safety and being friendly to environment.


1. Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) has been shown to have an important role during muscle regeneration. The regenerative capacity of muscles after contusion injury in LIF‐knockout mice is impaired compared with that of wild‐type mice.


How to repair a failed composite service with end-to-end constraints is a big concern for users. Just by replacing a failed atomic service may not solve the problem, due to constraints violation or unavailability of remote services (server crash down, network disconnect, and so on). In this paper we propose an approach for service replacement based on constraints partition in web service composition. We propose to replace a failed service and (several) related services as a whole in the composition by other alternative services. The approach is divided into three steps, namely, decomposing the global constraints, filtering the candidates and replacing the failed service. We evaluate our approach by comparing it with other approaches. The results of experiments show that our approach outperforms the others, especially when the number of candidate services is large.


Thirty non-pregnant and non-lactating brood mares, each of Mountain Artillary (MABM) and General Service (GSBM) breeds were used to compare the effect of feeding scale ration of 3.21 kg of standard concentrate mixture (control group) and an all-roughagc ration consisting of a mixture of good quality cereal and leguminous fodders (experimental group) on their reproductive performance. The DM intake per unit body weight was significantly higher in MABM than GSBM. The digestibility of organic nutrients except the CP and the percentage retention of N, Ca and P, were not significantly different due to the treatment and breed effects. The CP digestibility was significantly higher in the control group of both the breeds. The intake of DCP and DE was much higher than the NRC recommended level in both groups of the two breeds. The average fertility percentage in MABM and GSBM was not significantly affected by the nutritional treatments. Average daily body weight gain was not affected by the treatments and breeds during non-pregnant and early pregnant stages, but it A as higher in MABM than the GSBM during late pregnant stage. The loss in body weight of mares during lactation was more evident in experimental than in control group of both the breeds.


The invention relates to a mixed feature selection method for software defect prediction. The method includes the steps of firstly, selecting m most relevant features from an original feature set, and discarding irrelevant features; secondly, clustering the m features according to the correlation between features, wherein the features with high redundancy between them are clustered into the same cluster; finally, by using ideas from wrapped feature selection, deleting one of the most irrelevant feature in each cluster from a current feature subset to form a new feature subset, and using the evaluation function of accuracy to evaluate the feature subset. Meanwhile, by deleting one of the most irrelevant feature in different clusters to form the new feature subset, the number of searched feature subsets can be effectively reduced.


The article analyzes numerous facts of irregular punctuation with parenthetical words observed in Russian written speech. Setting the theoretical framework of the study, the authors claim that, in modern theoretical sources, the concept "parenthetical words" is defined differently, which allows for different punctuation of such units. The authors compared the extreme brevity of the punctuation rules for parenthetical words in modern reference books and the actual practice of modern Russian written speech. Search results from the Russian National Corpus show that parenthetical words and phrases at the beginning of a sentence, as part of a complex sentence, or as a separate construction are often highlighted using characters stronger than commas: dashes or colons. It is suggested that the dash is used in incomplete sentences, and the colon signals about the explanatory relationship that occurs between the parenthetical word and the rest of the sentence. To test their assumption, the authors turn to experimental data. First, the results of a natural linguistic experiment, namely, the Total Dictation of 2017, were analyzed. The second part of the dictation contains a construction with a parenthetical word ambiguous from the point of view of punctuation. Second, a survey was conducted in which respondents were asked to punctuate sentences with parenthetical words and phrases and justify their decision, that is, to activate their metalanguage consciousness. Comments to the punctuation marks in the Total Dictation and statements of the respondents who took part in the survey confirm the authors' assumptions. For example, the survey participants explained the use of the dash by an omission of a word (notional or functional) or by an intention to emphasize the parenthetical word. When arguing for the colon, the respondents referred to punctuation rules in the asyndetic complex sentence with the explanatory relationship. Thus, the writers' choice was influenced by both the word's actualizing position in the sentence and metatext function. The study shows that the use of dashes and colons with parenthetical words that perform a metatext function is quite motivated and should not be considered a deviation from the punctuation standard. It is proposed to supplement the punctuation rules for parenthetical words and phrases.


Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by the method of wet impregnation and were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), N2 adsorption and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), respectively. The activity of Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3 for catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of phenol was tested. The effects of the initial pH of the phenolic aqueous solutions and the iron content of Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3 on phenol degradation have been studied. The results indicated that almost total removal of phenol and considerably high reduction of COD for the initial phenol concentration of 100-1000 mg/L were achieved under mild conditions. The leached iron from the catalyst was negligible.


In the age of flexible and fast-evolving industrial scenarios, the operator is often required to learn and perform different tasks during the same working shift. Making the collaboration between a human and a robot easier becomes then crucial. In this paper, we propose an exploratory study to analyze the advantages of using a mixed-reality interface to support the operator during the learning phase of a new task in collaboration with a robot. To highlight the benefits of the proposed solution, we compared the use of the holographic instructions against the more traditional textual guidelines. The results showed that the proposed mixed-reality interface reduces the variability of the cycle-time and of the operator's learning rate. From a subjective perspective, the holographic learning method turned out to be more intuitive and effective than the textual one.