Introduction: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), a common childhood hematological malignancy, is clinically treated with various chemotherapy drugs in the treatment regimen. One of the drugs in the regimen is dexamethasone (DEX), which is associated with treatment toxicity especially at high doses. To reduce the high rates of toxic death in pediatric patients, natural products have been the focus of such studies. Canarium odontophyllum (CO) has been proven to be cytotoxic against various type of solid cancer cells without affecting normal cells. Thus, this study aims to determine the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of CO acetone extract against CCL-119, a childhood T-ALL malignancy cell line. Methods: The cytotoxicity effect of CO extract and DEX were assessed using MTT assay. Mode of cell death was determined by Annexin V-FITC staining using flow cytometry and DNA integrity was determined using fluorescent alkaline Comet assay. Cell morphology was observed using Giemsa staining. Results: The CO IC25 and IC50 were 0.37 ± 0.02 mg/ml and 0.93 ± 0.09 mg/ml respectively, whereas DEX IC25 and IC50 were 0.15 ± 0.01 μg/ml and 0.32 ± 0.01 μg/ml respectively. CO extract and DEX induced DNA damage of treated CCL-119 cells while mode of cell death is via apoptosis. Cell morphological study showed blebbing and shrinkage of cells following CO and DEX treatment. Conclusion: This study showed that C. odontophyllum has a promising potential to be developed into ALL treatment which may improve life expectancy of pediatric with leukemia.


The article shows the evolution of the controversial socio-philosophical views of the theorist of anarchist communism P.A. Kropotkin on the need to develop certain features of the future social structure, his disagreement with the Marxist principles of his organization, anticipating many negative features of the future totalitarian regime prevailing in the USSR after 1917. At first, speaking of the need to understand only 4-5 main features of the future society, P.A. Kropotkin speaks about the impossibility to derive them scientifically, the absence of practical activities in the people themselves as they are understood. As a result of the evolution of his views on this issue, he is already in favor of a comprehensive discussion of the ideal of the future society, since it may be too late to do this later; advocates the definition of an ideal in a society popular with the people, with which socialists of other political directions would agree. Finding difficulties to determine the features of the future social structure, P.A. Kropotkin follows the path of denying those principles and phenomena that should not be in the upcoming society.


G. E. KING, J. L. VIEJO MONTESINOS. 2012. Chionodes meridiochilensis sp. nov. from Chile: contribution to an understanding of its biology and description of its early stages (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Acta zool. cracov., 55(1): 45-58. Abstract. Chionodes meridiochilensis sp. nov. is described from south central Chile from larvae collected in January 2011. In addition, the present paper describes the morphology and the chaetotaxy of the fifth instar larva, as well as the pupa. Data is also presented on the bionomics of this new gelechiid species, including feeding strategies and food-plant.


This paper reviews the mathematical foundation of martingale theory to the pricing of contingent claims in financial markets. The martingale theory of the pricing of contingent claims in an ideal financial market is described within the context of the Europeans and Asian options markets.


The complex [ZnBr(2)L(1)] (L(1) = ferrocenylmethyl-bis[2-{pyrid-2-yl}ethyl]amine) contains bidentate L(1) by crystallography and NMR spectroscopy and decomposes during recrystallization from CH(2)Cl(2)/pentane via both C-N bond cleavage and formation steps. Other [MBr(2)L(1)] (M = Co, Ni, Cu) compounds do not undergo this reaction and contain L(1) bound in the more usual tridentate coordination mode.


An investigation of the effect of laser frequency on the ionization growth rate in laser induced breakdown in argon is studied. The analysis is based on a previously developed electron cascade model which solves the time dependent Boltyzman equation for the EEDF and a set of rate equations describing the excited states` population. The model includes all the possible physical processes which might take place during the interaction. The calculations are carried out under the experimental conditions which cover a wide range of laser frequency. The actual correlation between the cross-section of each process and the electron energy is considered in this analysis. The computations presented the dependence of the breakdown threshold on the laser frequency and the reliability of the model in interpreting breakdown experiments with a wide range of laser frequencies.


The mineralogy and petrology of the Penge Iron Formation of the INTRODUCTION Transvaal Supergroup, situated in the contact metamorphic aureole The Penge Iron Formation of the Transvaal Supergroup of the Bushveld Complex, was studied in detail to investigate the is situated in the contact metamorphic aureole of the petrogenesis of crocidoliteand amosite-bearing rocks at Penge and Bushveld Complex in eastern Transvaal, South Africa Mafefe, in eastern Transvaal, South Africa. The rocks are laterally (Fig. 1). The iron-formation succession is unique in the equivalent to the diagenetic to very low-grade metamorphic Assense that it contains deposits of both crocidolite (asbesheuwels iron-formation succession in Griqualand West. Metabestiform riebeckite) and amosite (asbestiform grunerite), morphism at Penge apparently took place at 420–460°C and 2·6 mined extensively up to the late 1980s (Beukes & Dreyer, ±0·8 kbar as the result of the intrusion of the Bushveld Complex. The 1986; Dreyer & Sohnge, 1992), in close spatial remaximum metamorphic temperature at Mafefe was some 40–80°C lationship. It is thus the only area known in the world lower than at Penge. Bulk-rock composition was a major factor in where the relationship between the formation of crocontrolling the distribution of crocidolite and amosite in the succession. cidolite and amosite can be studied. In addition, some Riebeckite and crocidolite are absent from Al-rich rock units containing deep exploration diamond drill cores are available that biotite with Si/Al<3, but are commonly associated with ferri-annite can be used for establishing what influence the comwith Si/Al ratios of the order of three. In contrast, amosite is well position and stratigraphic setting of original iron-fordeveloped in carbonaceous Al-rich biotite–grunerite hornfels. Couplets mation lithofacies had on variations in metamorphic of amosite–crocidolite seams, developed in magnetite–grunerite banded mineral assemblages and chemical composition of certain iron-formation, may have formed from alternating mesobands of ironmetamorphic minerals in the succession. silicate–riebeckite known from the diagenetic to very low-grade metaMetamorphic assemblages in iron-formations have morphic Kuruman Iron Formation of the Asbesheuwels Subgroup. been studied very extensively [see Klein (1983) for a There is also evidence, especially in the case of one specific asbestos review] but integrated stratigraphic–metamorphic studies reef, that riebeckite–crocidolite have been replaced by grunerite–amosite have received little attention. Similarly, the geology and with increasing grade of metamorphism from Mafefe towards Penge. mineralogy of the amphibole asbestos-bearing iron-formIn contrast, small amounts of grunerite appear to have been replaced ations in the Penge area have been studied by many by riebeckite during retrograde metamorphism. workers (Peacock, 1928; Hall, 1930; Kirkman, 1930;


Nonlinear interactions of light with light are well known in quantum electronics, and it is quite common to generate harmonic or subharmonic beams from a primary laser with photonic crystals. One suprising result of quantum electrodynamics is that because of the quantum fluctuations of charged fields, the same can happen in vacuum. The virtual charged particle pairs can be polarized by an external field and vacuum can thus become birefringent: the PVLAS experiment was originally meant to explore this strange quantum regime with optical methods. Since its inception PVLAS has found a new, additional goal: in fact vacuum can become a dichroic medium if we assume that it is filled with light neutral particles that couple to two photons, and thus PVLAS can search for exotic particles as well. PVLAS implements a complex signal processing scheme: here we describe the double data acquisition chain and the data analysis methods used to process the experimental data.


Israeli parents who have at least four children of the same sex and want one of the other sex can now apply to a health ministry committee for approval of preimplantation genetic diagnosis at their own expense.

Professor Avi Yisraeli, director general of the health ministry, who issued the directive on the recommendation of experts on bioethics, said the new seven member body would approve sex selection of embryos for social reasons only in very unusual cases.

Except for one case officially approved …


Nichols, Borrel, and Gaylord?have not seen the blastomycetes which he holds to be concerned in the aetiology of malignancy. Nichols, after examining 16 cases only, finds the "parasite" in 13 of them. He holds that the appearance of the blastomycetes supplied to him by Plimmer and Sanfelice, after being passed through guinea-pigs and rabbits, is not the same with this " parasite." He also maintains that cancer cannot be produced by the inoculation of the blastomycetes, Sanfelice's successes in dogs being coincidences. To this Sanfelice replies that he has had further successes in this direction, and Plimmer and Leopold, apart from him, have had similar results. Borrel's suggestion?that the " parasites " are


A positive attitude towards the dual role of women will build a tendency to run dual role of women in accordance with nature of woman. The result of the study at SMK Baitussalam Pekalongan shows that dual role of women material is given less so that so many girls who have negative attitude towards the dual role of women. The purpose of this study was to obtain the Islamic-based group counseling model that can improve the attitude towards the dual role of women in senior high school students. This study used Research and Development, with the result: Islamic-based group counseling model was proven effective in improving attitudes towards the dual role of women in senior high school students. It was visible from Wilcoxon statistical test that revealed a significant (probability <0.05). The development of Islamic-based group counseling model should be used as a model of service in helping students of SMK to improve their attitudes towards the dual role of women


During recent investigations of seasonal sexual development of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), in Pennsylvania, 2 ♀ weevils were discovered with abnormal reproductive systems. Each weevil possessed 5 ovarioles (= ovarian tubules, Snow 1928) with 5 corresponding ovariole pedicels; 3 on one side and 2 on the other. These converged to a lateral oviduct on their respective sides and then into a common oviduct (Fig. 1). The normal female weevil has 4 ovarioles with corresponding pedicels, 2 on each side, converging on a lateral oviduct (Tombes 1964). Except for the extra ovariole and pedicel, the reproductive systems of the anomalous normal females appeared normal. Frequency of the anomaly was represented in 1 of 773 and 1 of 402 ♀ examined from State College and Hershey, respectively, between September 1968 and November 1969.


For wind-thermal-bundled power transmission through AC/DC hybrid system, when the proportion of power transmitted by the AC line is high, the transient instability of voltage and power angle is prone to arise after faults, threatening the system's safe operation. In this paper, an evaluation method is proposed to obtain the transient stability of the system quickly. First, the equivalent models of the synchronous generator, the wind turbine, and the HVDC transmission line are established, and the equivalent circuit model of the transmission system is further obtained. Next, the calculation procedure of the quick evaluation method for transient voltage and power angle is elaborated according to the equivalent circuit model of the system. Finally, the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed evaluation method are verified by comparing it with the result obtained by simulation software.


This paper presents novel one bit arithmetic and logical unit (ALU) design using basic reversible gates. Two designs for both the arithmetic and the logical unit are proposed and one design for the control unit is also put forward. These designs are integrated together to give four complete ALU designs. Each of the proposed design has been implemented in Verilog HDL using Xilinx ISE Suite 14.1 software to verify its functionality. The proposed designs are compared based on quantum cost, garbage outputs and ancilla inputs with their existing counterparts. The simplicity and the reduced quantum cost of the proposed ALU designs, when compared to the existing ones, makes them ideal candidates to be used as modules in quantum computers. The proposed ALUs extend their applications to cryptography, machine learning and nanotechnology.


The present invention can reduce the shrinkage of the separator, relates bicells and a manufacturing method thereof for which stability is improved secondary battery, the secondary battery stability according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is improved use bicelles: or positive electrode 1 layer larger than the negative electrode, wherein the negative electrode is one layer higher than the positive state positive electrode and the negative electrode are alternately arranged, having the positive electrode and larger size than the negative electrode, the positive electrode and the negative electrode separator for insulating is interposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, forming the edge and fused portion attached to each other with the edge of the lower separator upper separator facing each other across the positive electrode or negative electrode.


Papers in this series are not formal publications of the World Bank. They are circulated to encourage thought and discussion. The use and citation of this paper should take this into account. The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the World Bank. This paper has been prepared by the Environmental Law Centre of IUCN and published as a contribution to the Global Invasive Species Programme. Copies are available from the Environment Department of the World Bank by calling 202-473-3641.


Through practice of projects of the second Changjiang River Bridge in Nanjing to compare with single-wall non- bottom steel suspend box, and it expatiates whole process of design and construction of steel suspend box, and fully introduce for double-wall have bottom steel suspend box.


An integrated vehicle dynamic control system for a four-wheel drive vehicle with an active front steering (AFS) and active centre differential (ACD), based on fuzzy logic control, is developed to improve the vehicle stability and its handling performance. The control system has a hierarchical structure consisting of two layers. A fuzzy logic controller is used in the upper layer to keep the yaw rate in its desired value. The yaw rate error and the side slip angle are applied to the upper controlling layer as the inputs, where the desired traction torque transfer ratio and the steering angle correction of the front wheels are the outputs. However, the ideal control effectors could not directly be the control inputs for the centre differential. Therefore, in the lower control loop, one should map the ideal control effectors to the physical control inputs for the centre differential by optimum dynamic traction force distribution. A nonlinear eight degree-of-freedom (DOF) vehicle model with the traction force distribution being utilized by a PI controller is considered. The simulation results illustrate considerable improvements have been achieved for the vehicle stability and handling performance through the integrated AFS/ACD control system.© 2010 ASME


This paper presents environment configuration for the measure of a baseband board of a digital-low-IF receiver, which is based on the two basic points. The first is the use of a test vector through a complex up-conversion of a baseband signal. The other is the fact that a real part of the test vector is just an I (in-phase) component of the test vector. This environment will be employed in the development of receiver to adopt a digital-low-IF scheme.


In the last five years, three-dimensional (3D) printing has become more viable as a learning tool for anatomy compared to cadaveric dissection. This article reviewed the literature regarding: the process of preparing cadavers, 3D models and their relevance in the current curriculum. PubMed was used for the literature search, the inclusion criteria used was: 3D printing anatomy, cadavers and teaching. Exclusion criteria consisted of: articles not in English, articles older than 10 years and not targeting medical education, producing an initial list of 13 articles. Out of the 13 articles only 8 were selected, after reviewing the abstract and conclusion of the articles. The main findings from this review showed that using 3D printed anatomy yields better results than cadaveric dissection. However, the positive psychological and emotional effects of 3D printed anatomy are not as beneficial as cadaveric dissection. Conclusion of this literature review is that 3D printed anatomy should be used as a supplement to cadaveric dissection. Although, if cadaveric dissection is not available, 3D models can be used as a suitable alternative.


Previous studies of Mandarin resultative compounds (or called verb-complement compounds) based only on lexical, syntactic or morpholexical perspectives 1 coming up with only one simple generalization for all of the subtypes of resultative compounds failed to capture their various semantic configurations. As the matter of fact, not all resultative compounds behave similarly as assumed in the literature. In particular, V+qi(-lai) compounds differ from typical resultative compounds in many respects. The main purpose of this paper thus is to concentrate on the type of compounds, in which the following complements qi 'to rise' and lai `to come' are both directional verbs, with the hope that a full study of a subtype may shed light on the complicated construction.


Today, internet is the easiest way to reach the information and it has become a global computer network which we could find the answer of all questions. In the last decade, all around the world, governments and private organizations have attempted to new searches and investments for making their services rapid, independent from space-time, comfortable and contemporary and also increasing their services" quality by employing the opportunities offered by the internet technology. By the e-gov and m-gov concept developed as a result of these efforts, the opportunity that the citizen and the government can execute their mutual duties and obligations via electronic communication and process media has appeared. In this study, it was tried to determine the obstacles to dissemination of the e-gov and m-gov applications around the world and in Turkey. Also, the parameters of digital divide were studied which showing the difference accessing to the information and communication technologies among the different parts of society.


The
high level of noise is a special feature of the geomagnetic field on the
territory of Slovenia. The tension of the Adriatic tectonic microplate, on
which Slovenia entirely lies, was recognized as one of its sources. The
interior of the Earth is also the source of geomagnetic jerks. They are
impulses in the secular variation calculated on the basis of monthly or annual
mean values of variation of the geomagnetic field. The paper presents an
analysis of accelerations in a local magnetic field calculated on the bases of
daily mean values of the magnetic field measured at PIA geomagnetic Observatory
(Piran, Slovenia) in 2020. These accelerations indicate geomagnetic impulses at
the regional level over days or weeks. Then these results are compared with the
registered seismic activity in the West Balkans.


Erectile dysfunction can be a harbinger of underlying cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors in men. Despite the higher prevalence of sexual dysfunction among women than men, the association between vascular impairment and female sexual dysfunction (FSD) as well as the pathophysiology of FSD remains understudied.

 Our objective was to assess the association of FSD with major adverse cardiac events (MACE) using a large claims database.

 A US-based claims database network (TriNetX Diamond Network) was queried from 2009 to 2022 to create our cohorts. Our study cohort included adult (age 18+) females diagnosed with FSD (ICD-10 F52) excluding those with heart failure (I50) or unstable angina (I20.0). Our control cohort excluded females diagnosed with FSD, heart failure, or unstable angina. Propensity-matching between the cohorts for age, ethnicity, race, BMI, family history of CVD (Z82.4), tobacco usage (Z72.0), type 2 diabetes (E11), hyperlipidemia (E78), hypertension (I10), and utilization of inpatient (1013659), outpatient (1013626), or emergency services (1013711) was conducted. MACE was defined as heart attack (I21, I22), stroke (I60, I61, I62, I63), or death within five years of FSD diagnosis. A sub-analysis by age (18-40 years, 41-55 years, and >55 years) was conducted. Amongst the >55 years cohort, the effect of ≥3 vaginal estrogen prescriptions on MACE was evaluated.

 All results are reported for our study cohorts in comparison to an equivalent number of propensity-matched controls. Adult females diagnosed with FSD (n=65,265) had significantly lower odds of heart attack (odds ratio (OR) 0.26 [95% CI 0.22 – 0.30]), stroke (OR 0.29 [0.26 – 0.32]), death (OR 0.46 [0.41 – 0.51]), and any MACE event (OR 0.32 [0.30 – 0.34]) (Table 1). This trend remained in females aged 18-40 years (n=18,473) and diagnosed with FSD (Table 2); they had significantly lower odds of heart attack (OR 0.31 [0.16 – 0.59]), stroke (OR 0.27 [0.18 – 0.39]), death (OR 0.36 [0.21 – 0.63]), and any MACE event (OR 0.30 [0.22, 0.39]). Among 41–55-year-olds (n=21,648) with FSD, (Table 2) we found our study cohort to have significantly lower odds of heart attack (OR 0.21 [0.15 – 0.29]), stroke (OR 0.26 [0.22 – 0.32]), death (OR 0.39 [0.30 – 0.50]), and any MACE event (OR 0.28 [0.24 – 0.32]) (Table 2). Finally, the population of individuals aged > 55 years (n=25,144) were found to have significantly lower odds of heart attack (OR 0.30 [0.25 – 0.36]), stroke (OR 0.35 [0.31 – 0.39]), death (OR 0.54 [0.47 – 0.62]), and any MACE event (OR 0.38 [0.36 – 0.42]). There was no difference in the odds of MACE event by vaginal estrogen usage in this age-group (OR 0.66 [0.31 – 1.38]).

 In this large claims-based analysis, we demonstrated that females diagnosed with FSD had lower odds of MACE. Though screening for CV risk should be discussed with all patients, our results suggest that vascular impairment may not have a role in the pathophysiology of FSD.

 No


Effects of Toxoplasma gondii infection on the host immune responses were investigated at an early stage of infection. The spontaneous generation of chemiluminescence of peritoneal exudate cells was elevated as early as 1 h after infection of mice with the parasite. Significant enhancement of spontaneous chemiluminescence (CL) and increased survival after challenge with relatively virulent toxoplasma were observed in animals infected with avirulent toxoplasma 24 h previously.


One thing that causes me problems in these discussions ... is that I often don't know if you are talking about just the kernel or also the user space system when refering to Coyotos. The space bank in particular is logically outside the kernel and part of the user space operating system. But there seem to be some complicated interactions between the kernel design and the way memory is organized in the space bank that I likely do not fully appreciate and which seem to conflate the issues.


There exists strong magnetic agglomeration among Nd-Fe-B particles. Due to this effect, an applied field even up to 1350kAm(-1) still can not make the loose Nd-Fe-B powders to reach saturated magnetization. SEM images of a little amount of Nd-Fe-B powders were used to illustrate the agglomeration phenomenon. We believe that the general existence of misalignment grains in the magnetic force images of the sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet fabricated by die pressing with 1500kAm(-1) aligning field is a confirmation of the magnetic agglomeration.


In this paper, O'Connor et al tackle an interesting and very important question in the field of ecohydrology: how does groundwater affect plant functioning? As a community, it is important that we move from the broad, large-scale influences of climate towards focusing on the regional to local scales, where, as shown by several authors, groundwater might be one of the driving forces of ecosystems. This has important implications for our understanding of the response of natural and agricultural systems to climate change, and this study is a timely contribution to this field.


A self-developed desulphurization was used in experiment with low-temperature chemical method to desulfurize high-sulfur petroleum coke.High-temperature calcination method was also used for contrast.Moreover, infrared absorption spectroscopy(IR)was applied to explain the behavior mechanism of the chemical and high-temperature desulfurization methods.The results show that 75%of organic sulfur in high-sulfur petroleum coke is removed with chemical method at 333 K,self desulfurization solution-to-coke ration of 30 mL/g and the residence time of 12 h,which is superior to high-temperature(the desulfurization rate is 60%at 1 773 K)calcination method.


A self‐aligned GaAs/GaAlAs tapered laser with a tapered quantum well active region is described. The laser is grown by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition in a horizontal reactor. The effect of the tapered quantum well is in concentrating the injected charges in the modal volume and thus 6.2 mA threshold current is obtained. At a high power level the laser operates in single longitudinal and transversal modes.


Because of the problems associated with delivering the output from large area diode arrays to the ends of small laser rods, diode-pumped, rod-laser oscillators capable of delivering output energies of 100 ml or more in a Q-switched pulse have generally used a transverse-diode-pump geometry. This transverse pump geometry puts very stringent requirements on the diode wavelength tolerance because of the short absorption lengths available. Beam quality can also be negatively impacted because of axially asymmetric gain profiles that can be imprinted on the output beams. We have developed and demonstrated a scalable end-pumping technology applicable to solid- state lasers that addresses these drawbacks of the transverse-pump geometry.


As a result too many major accounting failures, critics of accounting are likely to interpret this failure as a clear signal of the inability of the profession to maintain their discipline. An extensive research investigating ethical behaviour among practicing and prospective accountants and auditors has been made. This includes studies on accounting undergraduate as it is necessary to ensure they are on the right track to meet the business world. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of three variables, desire of outcome, punishment alert and moral obligation, on ethical decision making. We gave four scenarios to the students and asked them to rank the significance of the variables to their decision. Primary data were collected by self-administrated questionnaire involving a sample of 110 undergraduate accounting students'. From the result, we found that desired of outcome and moral obligation played significant role in explaining ethical decision making.

Keywords: Accounting education, Moral obligation, Punishment, Ethics


The first three chapters of Revelation, the epistles to Philemon and the Colossians, and various notices in Eusebius's Ecclesiastical History enable an internally consistent picture of the beginnings of Christianity in the Lycus Valley to be constructed. The foundation of the church at Laodicea may be due to Philemon; that at Hierapolis, to the daughters of the apostle Philip; that at Colossae, to Epaphras. Laodicea was the place where the first deutero-Pauline letter, Colossians, was written, where the first martyr-bishop Sagaris, was killed, and where the first council of some Asian churches on the Quartodeciman issue was held. During the second century the church of Hierapolis came to the fore, particularly in the persons of Papias and Claudius Apolinarius, its bishops.


This paper deals with studied three sections on the third terrace of the Fen River, on which the Dingcun Formation is widely distributed. Based on field investigation, chemical and magnetic susceptibility analysis, it is concluded that the Dingcun Formation is covered by loess younger than 70 kaB.P., and was deposited during the formation of S 1 paleosol (14—7 kaB.P.).


The paper presents new trends in the development photovoltaic (PV) power plants, with particular reference on new inverter concept with DC-link voltage over 1000 V. For the inverters with the DC-link voltage reaching the value of 1500 V, basic and most important features will be presented. The principle of appropriate PV panel configuration selection in accordance with the inverter voltage input level (1000 V and 1500 V) will be shown, including the necessary equations. The discussion of the results, relative to the inverter input voltage level, will summarize the advantages and disadvantages of the new generation inverters, referenced to as high-voltage inverters.


Purpose: To determine the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and to evaluate the possible neonatal risk factors for ROP. Methods: This cross-sectional study included all premature infants born at hospitals affiliated to Tehran Medical University, Tehran-Iran who were referred within 4-6 weeks after delivery to Farabi Eye Hospital from 2004 to 2005. Inclusion criteria were birth weight (BW) < 1500 g or gestational age (GA) ≤ 32 weeks. Results: One-hundred and forty-seven infants (74 male, 73 female) were included in this study. ROP was present in 44 (29.9%) newborns (8.8% in prethreshold and 21.1% in threshold stage). Mean GA was 30.30±2.33 wk and mean BW was 1385.82±355.91 g. A significant association existed between the incidence of ROP and low gestational age (P< 0.001), low birth weight (P< 0.001), oxygen therapy (P= 0.033), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (P= 0.001), respiratory distress syndrome (P= 0.00 1) and blood transfusion (P= 0.013). There was no significant association between ROP and sex, multiple gestations, mechanical ventilation, intraventricular hemorrhage, sepsis and phototherapy. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, only gestational age (P=0.002), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (P=0.006) and phototherapy (P=0.031) remained significant risk factors for ROP. Conclusion: The incidence of ROP in this study is higher than previous studies in our center. This may be due to advances in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit equipment and surveillance. Suitable criteria for ROP screening seem to be GA < 32 wk or BW < 1500 g. Newborns with 1500 g < BW < 2000 g or GA> 32 wk who may be at high risk for ROP should also be screened.


TO HISTORIANS and material culture scholars, probate records offer valuable clues to understanding past material and social worlds. The wills, inventories, accounts, dower descriptions, notices of insolvency or sale, partition agreements, and other related documents found in individual probate files offer glimpses into the lives of ordinary people, and they open windows into specific vanished landscapes. When studied over time, they delineate broad social, cultural, and economic transformation.


Simple Summary The present study questions whether cells from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which overexpress α-synuclein (α-syn), may alter neighboring non-tumoral astrocyte cell lines. The occurrence of α-syn in GBM correlates with the expression of the stem cell marker nestin. When astrocytes are co-cultured with GBM cells in a trans-well apparatus the occurrence of α-syn and nestin rises remarkably. The increase in α-syn in co-cultured astrocytes is more pronounced at the plasma membrane, which mimics the placement of α-syn in GBM cells. When the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin is administered, GBM-induced expression of α-syn and nestin within co-cultured astrocytes is occluded, and morphological alterations are reverted. In the presence of rapamycin the sub-cellular placement of α-syn is modified being allocated within whorls and vacuoles instead of the plasma membrane. The effects induced by rapamycin occur both in baseline GBM cells and within astrocytes primed by co-cultured GBM cells. Abstract Evidence has been recently provided showing that, in baseline conditions, GBM cells feature high levels of α-syn which are way in excess compared with α-syn levels measured within control astrocytes. These findings are consistent along various techniques. In fact, they are replicated by using antibody-based protein detection, such as immuno-fluorescence, immuno-peroxidase, immunoblotting and ultrastructural stoichiometry as well as by measuring α-syn transcript levels at RT-PCR. The present manuscript further questions whether such a high amount of α-syn may be induced within astrocytes, which are co-cultured with GBM cells in a trans-well system. In astrocytes co-cultured with GBM cells, α-syn overexpression is documented. Such an increase is concomitant with increased expression of the stem cell marker nestin, along with GBM-like shifting in cell morphology. This concerns general cell morphology, subcellular compartments and profuse convolutions at the plasma membrane. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allows us to assess the authentic amount and sub-cellular compartmentalization of α-syn and nestin within baseline GBM cells and the amount, which is induced within co-cultured astrocytes, as well as the shifting of ultrastructure, which is reminiscent of GBM cells. These phenomena are mitigated by rapamycin administration, which reverts nestin- and α-syn-related overexpression and phenotypic shifting within co-cultured astrocytes towards baseline conditions of naïve astrocytes. The present study indicates that: (i) α-syn increases in astrocyte co-cultured with GBM cells; (ii) α-syn increases in astrocytes along with the stem cell marker nestin; (iii) α-syn increases along with a GBM-like shift of cell morphology; (iv) all these changes are replicated in different GBM cell lines and are reverted by the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. The present findings indicate that α-syn does occur in high amount within GBM cells and may transmit to neighboring astrocytes as much as a stem cell phenotype. This suggests a mode of tumor progression for GBM cells, which may transform, rather than merely substitute, surrounding tissue; such a phenomenon is sensitive to mTOR inhibition.


ABSTRACT: The multi‐temperature Gibbs free energy minimization (GFEM) method has been compared to the Pseudo Kinetic Method (PKM) to calculate the composition of a nitrogen plasma at atmospheric pressure. When introducing only two temperatures Te and Th with their ratio θe= 2 , the GFEM method overestimates by more than two orders of magnitude the density of N2+. However when calculating the kinetic rate coefficient at different temperatures the thermodynamic relationship between them and the equilibrium constant is no more fulfilled. That is why an intermediate temperature T* between Te and Th has been introduced linked to the ratio of the electrons flux to that of neutrals and θe has been assumed to vary with the electron density ne, equilibrium ( θe= 1 ) being achieved either for nemax= 1022 or 1023 m−3 . With n emax= 1022 m−3 the agreement between the results obtained with the PKM and the GFEM method is fairly good. That is why this latter method has been used to calculate the composition of complex mixtures of Ar‐CCl4 and Ar‐H2‐CCl4. Below 6000 K where complex molecules exist the variation of θe between 2.5 and 1.5 does not affect very much the composition which, however, depends strongly on θv ( θv= Tv/Th )


This research analyzed the portrayal of women and the idealized woman in The Holy Woman by Qaisra Shahraz. This novel portrayed the differences of some female characters lived in the land of Pakistan. The idealized woman was the epithet of Zarri Bano as the main character who had forced to be a Shahzadi Ibadat or a Holy Woman in family tradition after her brother was died for the sake of being heir by doing some rules which seize her freedom as a woman. In this research, the researcher used the Lois Tyson theory. Tyson described that women who oppressed by men in patriarchal system can be called as traditional gender roles. The researcher used a feminist literary criticism method because the object of this research was a feminism literary work. In analyzing data, the researcher used quotations from the novel then the researcher described those quotations which were relevant to the topic and the theory. The portrayal were taken three different characters, they were Zarri Bano, Shahzada, and Firdaus. To become the idealized woman, Zarri Bano must do the rules of tradition, there were marrying Al-Quran, using black veil and burqa, and secluded of men. Those were the evidence of victimize and oppressing woman in patriarchal system.


We observed changes in length and weight of grasshopper nymphs in controlled environments of nitrogen rich and nitrogen deficient soil until they reached adulthood. Dead ants were added to the environments to see if the grasshoppers would deviate from their herbivorous nature in order to supplement their nitrogen intake. There was no significant evidence that the grasshoppers ate any of the dead ants. We found no significant difference in growth rates for nitrogen rich versus nitrogen deficient environments. Initial size and length of grasshopper nymphs had no effect on survivorship. The insignificance of the data may be attributed to the extreme temperatures to which the grasshopper nymphs were exposed. Introduction Nitrogen is an important element to life on earth because it is a necessary component of ribonucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acids, and amino acids. Amino acids polymerize to form proteins, which are essential to growth and numerous functions in organisms, ranging from catalysis of chemical reactions to communication between and within cells to structural support for cells. Thus, there is an innate behavior present in organisms to efficiently gather sufficient levels of nitrogen necessary for development and reproduction. Higher levels of nitrogen correlated with better survivorship and reproductive performance in grasshoppers (Joern and Behmer, 1997). Grasshoppers can distinguish between food sources of different quality and base their decision on nitrogen levels (Joern and Behmer, 1997). In grasses, nitrogen levels may vary from between 0.5%-7%, with George Bekris General Ecology – Scholtens 8-13-08 2 optimal levels for grasshopper growth and reproduction around 4% (Joern and Behmer, 1997). In the Sturgeon Bay sand dunes, the soil nearer the water was unproductive due to the effects of strong winds, high evaporation rates, and leaching of nutrients through the fragmented sand, correlating to lower levels of nitrogen (Lichter, 1998). Thus, the grass, Ammophila breviligulata, collected from this area was nitrogen deficient with nitrogen levels between 1–1.5% (Lichter, 1998). In order to supplement their nitrogen intake, these grasshopper nymphs, like the Lake Huron Locust, may scavenge for dead insects. As grasshopper nymphs continue to feed on nitrogen deficient plants they may also increase consumption in order to meet their nitrogen needs. According to Berner et al. (2005), an increase of 82% in mean food consumption of the grasshopper Omocestus viridulus was observed when subjected to nitrogen deficient grass. Conversely, Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass), which is presumed to be nitrogen rich, was collected from the UV field at the University of Michigan Biological Station. The cohesive soil of the UV field allowed for better water retention and increased nitrogen availability. As such, grasshoppers feeding on this grass should exhibit normal growth and survivorship. Thus, grasshoppers exposed to nitrogen deficient plants should have slower growth rates compared to grasshoppers feeding on nitrogen rich plants, since lower levels of nitrogen are available to form essential proteins required for growth and function. By feeding grasshopper nymphs grasses from either the Sturgeon Bay sand dune ecosystem or the Douglas Lake ecosystem differences in growth rates due to levels of nitrogen present should become apparent. George Bekris General Ecology – Scholtens 8-13-08 3 Materials & Methods We measured the growth rates of 80 grasshopper nymphs until they molted into adult grasshoppers. The nymphs were collected in the Douglas Lake ecosystem, specifically the UV field of the University of Michigan Biological Station, with nets and then individually placed into small glass vials. We took initial length and weight measurements for each nymph using an electronic scale and electronic calipers. To ensure accurate data, the nymphs were first transferred into a pre-tared vial and then weighed. We froze the grasshoppers and then measured them with electronic calipers in order to accurately measure the initial lengths. Nitrogen rich soil and the grass Poa pratensis, which was common in the UV field, were collected with garden trowels and placed in buckets. The nitrogen deficient dune grass, Ammophila breviligulata, and sand were collected from Sturgeon Bay, again using garden trowels and buckets. In order to test our hypotheses we set up 4 different treatments: nitrogen deficient soil and plants from Sturgeon Bay, nitrogen deficient soil and plants from Sturgeon Bay with dead ants, nitrogen rich soil and plants from the UV field, and nitrogen rich soil and plants from the UV field with dead ants. Each treatment was placed into 2-gallon Ziploc bags, with 10 replicates of each treatment. Two grasshopper nymphs were placed arbitrarily into each bag and the bags were kept inside a greenhouse. Placed within the appropriate bags were two dead ants on paper petri dishes, which were changed every two days. The ants were dried before entry and after removal from the bags to ensure there were no discrepancies based on water weight. After being removed from the Ziploc bags, the ants were weighed to determine if there were any changes in weight due to consumption by grasshoppers. The nymphs were checked and observed every two days for approximately 15 to 30 minutes. Paper towels were used to wipe off condensation on the inside of the Ziploc bags, and the George Bekris General Ecology – Scholtens 8-13-08 4 status of the grass and ants were checked as well. The surviving grasshopper nymphs were taken out of the Ziploc bags after 7 days and were placed into small vials to be measured and weighed following the procedure above. This process was repeated every 7 days until the surviving nymphs molted into adult grasshoppers. Once molted the adult grasshoppers were taken out of the bags and identified as Melanoplus femurrubrum (Red-legged grasshopper). The data collected were compared using ANOVA and t-tests. Results From the beginning of the study a low survivorship of grasshoppers was observed. After the first week only 22 grasshoppers survived, slightly more than 25% of the starting number. Many of the bodies of the dead grasshoppers were hardened and black due to the heat and sunlight. Water had condensed on the inside of the bags and both species of grasses appeared dead. All of the ants were wet from the condensed water, though some of the ants were missing. ANOVA showed that as the grasshoppers got larger they weighed more (F = 6.940, df = 1, P = .016). A t-test comparing the surviving grasshoppers feeding on P. pratensis versus A. breviligulata found that change in length was not significant (t = 1.663, df = 20, P = .112). Based on a similar t-test we found that change in weight was also not significant (t = 1.470, df = 20, P = .157). ANOVA among all 80 grasshoppers found nothing significant for change in length (F = .982, df = 3, P = .423) or change in weight (F = 1.702, df = 3, P = .202). Separate t-tests comparing initial length and initial weight of grasshoppers to survivorship were also not significant (Tables 1, 2, 3, and 4). Survivorship in this instance referred to the grasshopper nymphs living for at least 7 days. George Bekris General Ecology – Scholtens 8-13-08


Abstract This paper examines the stratal geometries and facies stacking patterns associated with forced regressions around fault-propagation folds in extensional and compressional settings. Case studies are documented from: (i) the Miocene of the Suez rift and (ii) the Eocene of the Ainsa piggyback basin, Pyrenees. Despite the different tectonic settings, the stratal geometries and facies stacking patterns are remarkably similar. Distinctive sharp-based shoreface sandstones, formed as a result of forced regression, were deposited around growth anticlines. The forced regressive shoreface sandstones 'shale-out' rapidly basinward away from the growth anticlines and sit abruptly within offshore mudstones of highstand (HST) and transgressive (TST) systems tracts along the flanks of the growth anticlines. As fold amplification proceeded, older sandbodies were rotated to dip more steeply, and there is commonly a 2–5° angular difference between successive forced regressive sandbodies. This progressive tilting, coupled with marine erosion during relative sea-level fall has completely removed HST and TST deposits near anticline crets, and led to vertical amalgamation of individual forced regressive sandbodies. The resulting stratal geometries clearly result from the tectonic enhancement of forced regression.


Digital evidence underpin the majority of crimes as their analysis is an integral part of almost every criminal investigation. Even if we temporarily disregard the numerous challenges in the collection and analysis of digital evidence, the exchange of the evidence among the different stakeholders has many thorny issues. Of specific interest are cross-border criminal investigations as the complexity is significantly high due to the heterogeneity of legal frameworks, which beyond time bottlenecks can also become prohibiting. The aim of this article is to analyse the current state of practice of cross-border investigations considering the efficacy of current collaboration protocols along with the challenges and drawbacks to be overcome. Further to performing a legally oriented research treatise, we recall all the challenges raised in the literature and discuss them from a more practical yet global perspective. Thus, this article paves the way to enabling practitioners and stakeholders to leverage horizontal strategies to fill in the identified gaps timely and accurately.


The aim of the author's discussion is to present an overview of the issue of play and its importance for development of preschool children. The first part of the article focused on the reference to the definition and function of play. In the next part, various theories and classifications of play were presented. In the last part, play of younger and older preschool children was characterized. The conclusions emphasized the importance of the developmental function of play, as well as described it as the basic form of activity for preschool children.


The TR-based deep learning models used in our study have an encoder for extracting features from the given input patches. In other words, an encoder can be seen as a core component of the aforementioned segmentation models. ResNet [1] is currently one of the most popular encoders to address computer vision-related tasks. All models used in our experiments are leveraging ResNet101 as their encoder. For the experiment presented in this section, we selected MP-Net and we performed a comparative evaluation by introducing encoder changes. The results obtained are shown in Figure 1. Five different types of encoders were tested. The number next to each ResNet model refers to the number of stacked residual blocks. As discussed in [1], an increase in the number of stacked residual blocks leads,in general, to a higher effectiveness. Among the encoders presented in Figure 1, ResNet-18 scored the highest in terms of mAccuracy, mRecall, and mIoU. On the other hand, ResNet-34 obtained the highest mPrecision and mF1-score. Compared to ResNet-101, ResNet-34 consistently scored higher for all five metrics. Similarly, ResNet-18 outperforms ResNet-101 for all metrics, with the exception of mPrecision. Our results suggest that MP-Net could be improved further by changing the encoder to ResNet-18 or ResNet-34. However, since the evaluation was performed using only CVF (1) as the validation set and CVF (2), CVF (3), and CVF (4) as the fine-tuning set (see Fine-tuning (1) in Figure 6, the execution of a complete cross-validation is desirable to confirm the obtained levels of effectiveness.


The invention relates to a centering device (12) for a turbofan pod (1), for centering a downstream outer panel (13) of a thrust reverser such as to be flush with a blower housing cover (7). Said centering device includes, in a single piece: a base (14) enabling the centering device (12) to be attached to the blower housing; a first positioning arm (15), projecting upstream, that is integral with the base (14), such as to form, relative to the guiding axis (A) of the pod (1), a first radial abutment designed to guide the blower housing cover (7); and a second positioning arm (16), projecting downstream, that is integral with the base (14), such as to form, relative to the guiding axis (A) of the pod (1), a second radial abutment designed to guide the downstream outer panel (13).


The ordo canonicus is characterised by far-reaching diversity in the ways the canons led their lives and in the origins of the canonical communities. To no small extent, this diversity has made historical research into the canonical order more difficult. This article sketches a number of important lines in the history of the origin and reform of the numerous canonical communities in the county of Flanders. Furthermore, it deals with three themes which are central to the history of the ordo canonicus in Flanders, i.e. the importance of relics, the relationship between the ordo canonicus and the ordo monasticus, and the role of the ecclesiastical and secular authorities in its foundation and reform.


We have developed a distributed computing capability, Digital Forensics Compute Cluster (DFORC2) to speed up the ingestion and processing of digital evidence that is resident on computer hard drives. DFORC2 parallelizes evidence ingestion and file processing steps. It can be run on a standalone computer cluster or in the Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud. When running in a virtualized computing environment, its cluster resources can be dynamically scaled up or down using Kubernetes. DFORC2 is an open source project that uses Autopsy, Apache Spark and Kafka, and other open source software packages. It extends the proven open source digital forensics capabilities of Autopsy to compute clusters and cloud architectures, so digital forensics tasks can be accomplished efficiently by a scalable array of cluster compute nodes. In this paper, we describe DFORC2 and compare it with a standalone version of Autopsy when both are used to process evidence from hard drives of different sizes. Keywords—Cloud computing, cybersecurity, digital forensics, Kafka, Kubernetes, Spark.


Orthodontic implants used to provide an anchorage that is useful for the straightening of teeth. These implants are called orthodontic mini-implants/micro-screws and serve as temporary implants. Here in this discussion, we are going to study about indications, contraindications, risk factors associated with the implants.

Keywords: Onplants, Orthodontics.


In the present case–control study, the impact of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) on patients' oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), overall quality of life (QoL), and psychological status was evaluated using a set of questionnaires. These questionnaires included the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), the Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36), and the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). A total of 25 MRONJ patients and 25 controls were included in the study. The results showed that MRONJ patients had a significantly poorer OHRQoL (OHIP-14 score p-value: 0.003) and lower general QoL, particularly in the domains of "physical functioning", "physical role", "body pain", "general health", and "vitality" in the SF-36 questionnaire (p-values: 0.001, 0.001, 0.013, 0.001, and 0.020). Although there were no significant differences between the groups in the SF-36 domains of "social functioning", "emotional role", and "mental health", the mean sub-scores of the HADS, specifically the depression and anxiety scores (HADS-D and HADS-A), were significantly higher in MRONJ patients (p-values: 0.002 and 0.009). However, the "mental health" domain of the SF-36 questionnaire showed a correlation with both HADS-A and HADS-D scores (p-values: 0.003 and 0.031). Therefore, a comprehensive clinical examination of MRONJ patients should include the assessment of OHRQoL, overall QoL, and psychological profile using different questionnaires. This approach aims to gather detailed information about patients' physical and psychological well-being, enabling the development of tailored treatments.


A growing shortage of water resources can not be ignored,and water consumption of construction action accounts for a huge proportion of the total,which has become an important part to study saving water.Various aspects of the existence of water-saving space were discussed,and all aspects of the life-circle water saving in the residential area were described.At the same time,the family was taken as main body,and the rationality after-using of water-saving measures was analyzed.


It has made great breakthrough in the filed of stem cell study recently that people are able to induce cell reprogramming to gain induced pluripotent stem(iPS) cell in vitro via adding transcription factors,such as OCT4 and SOX2.Transcription factors(OCT4,SOX2 and NANOG etc.) play an important role in starting the cell reprogramming,maintaining the pluripotency of iPS cells and deciding whether it differentiates.Researching the mechanism of action of these transcription factors is beneficial to the further explanation of the molecular mechanism of the cell reprogramming.


An optimization study of the prediction performance for the substorm model WINDMI is presented. The model is based on the Earth's magnetospheric dynamics and provides a low order description of the nightside energy loading and unloading that takes place during the substorm process. Previous studies of this model on isolated substorms have indicated that it can be a good predictor of solar wind driven substorm activity as measured by fluctuations in the AL index for selected substorms. Because the model is based on a set of VB s driven nonlinear ordinary differential equations which can exhibit bifurcation and catastrophe like behavior, an optimization of the model using conventional minimization techniques over a large data set does not work well. For such systems the genetic algorithm method of optimization is more efficient at exploring the parameter space. We present the results of a genetic algorithm optimization of WINDMI using the Blanchard–McPherron and the Bargatze data set and test statistically alternative forms of the model which include the effects of ionospheric conductivity enhancements and region 2 coupling. A key result from the large scale computations used to search for a uniform convergence of the prediction over the 117 substorm database, is the finding that there are three distinct types of VB s-AL wave forms characterizing the substorms in the Blanchard–McPherron database. Two types are given by the internally triggered WINDMI model and the third type requires an external trigger such as the northward turning of the IMF model of Lyons 1995.


Abstract : This report describes progress into research on the interaction of droplets with shock waves, the mixing of co-axial jets in the near region, the influence of nearby solid boundaries on multihole probes, and the behavior of shock trains in ramjet inlets. The study of the mixing of coaxial jets has been completed with the submission of a PhD dissertation. Appropriate software for laser velocimetry data reduction has been prepared for use with the droplet-shock wave study, and a computer program for the description of droplet shock wave interaction has been generated. Preliminary measurements of solid boundary influence on five hole probe readings have been taken, and optical data for shock trains in ramjet inlets have been obtained from both a water analogy rig and a supersonic wind tunnel.


Exosomes are formed by invagination of the endosomal membrane, forming multivesicular bodies containing miRNA and mRNA [6,8-11]. The protein composition mirrors their endocytic origin and includes multivesicular body (MVB) machinery, tetraspanins (e.g., CD9, CD81), heat shock proteins, as well as lipid-related proteins and phospholipases [12-13] and their possible role in intercellular communication [14]. Currently, exosomes are isolated by differential ultracentrifugation, density gradients or cushions [15], size-exclusion chromatography [16], or precipitation [17-19]. To obtain ultrapure exosomes or isolate potential subpopulations of exosomes, a manual or automated immunomagnetic isolation strategy can be applied by targeting exosomal markers [20,21]. Goal Exploring the biology of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their potential use in clinical applications has gained considerable interest over the last several years by researchers. In biomarker and liquid biopsy assays, EVs are regarded as complementary or even superior to both cellfree DNA (cfDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs). So far, the main focus has been on the nucleic acid cargo of EVs, namely the microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA. However, the protein cargo of EVs is highly complex, involved in numerous biological functions, and ripe for further indepth analysis. In addition, researchers believe EVs show potential for therapeutic applications such as drug delivery, immune modulation, and cell-based regenerative medicine. Here we present an automated system for the isolation of EVs for further downstream protein analysis using InvitrogenTM DynabeadsTM magnetic beads and the Thermo ScientificTM KingFisherTM Flex instrument.


With the advantages of high processing performance,low-power,low-cost,easy cutting,small size,embedded processor is becoming increasingly popular in electronic equipments. 3G communication,known for high transmission rate,wide signal coverage,higher communication quality,is suitable for large data real-time transmission. In this paper,an image transmission system based on embedded processor and 3G communication is presented. The system uses the TCP transport protocol and C / S service mode. The server is responsible for image data retransmission. The experimental results show that the image can be stably transmitted that meets the requirement of real-time applications transmission.


Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxic activity of novel copper complexes of substituted 1H-Benzimidazole. Promising entities for target- specific next-generation anticancer therapeutics are copper-based compounds. Instead, because of their large range of possible functionalization and coordination modes, benzimidazole scaffolds play an important role. Recently, metal complexes are being hybridized with various moieties to discover new drugs because of their beneficial attributes. Copper is good for synthesizing a metal complex among metals because of its endogenous, redox and DNA cleavage capacity, anti-cancer efficacy and selective permeability reported for cancer cells. In this study, first we synthesized a new series of benzimidazole ligands. Then we have synthesized a series of bidentate copper(II)Benzimidazole complex then characterized by various techniques such as Infrared spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Synthesized compounds further investigated for invitro anticancer activity on the human cell line by brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Cytotoxicity was calculated in terms of LC50. Cisplatin was taken as standard for the biological evaluation. In this study it was found that from synthesized 8 complexes the C6 complexes was more cytotoxic than cisplatin, where C3 was least toxic in comparison with standard drug cisplatin. Where complex C1, C2, C4, C5, C7, C8 were moderately cytotoxic as compared to cisplatin.


Aminoalkanesulfonic acids and amino acids are internal organic salts or zwit terions. In pad-dry-cure processing to impart durable press properties to cellulosic fabrics, they may be used as catalysts. Aminomethanesutfonic acid (AMSA), in particular, is about as effective a catalyst as magnesium chloride. Because of its zwitterion structure, AMSA is unlike most sulfonic acids which produce durable press fabrics with high strength losses. Mixed catalysts of magnesium chloride and the zwitterions AMSA, taurine, or glycine can be employed with dimethylol dihy droxyethyleneurea to produce fabrics with a good combination of smooth drying appearance, wrinkle resistance, serviceable strength, and moderate formaldehyde release values.


The centralized sewerage system for Kuching City currently under construction and this project is expected to be completed by October 2012. This system shall collect all the wastewater through sewer network to a centralized treatment plant and using the activated sludge system to
treat the wastewater. The effluent after being discharged into a constructed wetland before finally flowing into Sarawak River is believed to comply with Standard A of the Environmental Quality Act requirement. Prior to this, Sarawak River and its tributaries within the study area are
polluted. The main source of the pollution is raw and insufficiently treated sewage and wastewater, which is eventually drained to Sarawak River. The water quality of different point of the entire river system has been classified according to the Malaysian Interim National Water
Quality Standards (NWQSM). The water quality in confluent of Sungai Bintangor, Sungai Sarawak, Holiday Inn, confluent of Sungai Padungan, confluent of Sungai Sekama, Sungai
Sarawak, Bintawa Causeway and Bako Causeway is polluted and falls between the class III and class IV of the NWQSM. Very high concentrations of BOD and COD are observed in samples
tested. The content of bacteria is extremely high and the water poses a health risk. The water quality in Sungai Sarawak, Satok Bridge, Upstream and Downstream Barrage are slightly polluted and falls between the class II and class III of the NWQSM.


Abstract A total of 172 bull carcases were studied in order to determine a relation between m. longissimus dorsi (LD) quality and EUROP grades. The carcases were of four conformation grades and three fatness grades. The quality assessment of the m. LD was performed and based on a pH measurement, colour measured with a Minolta CR-400 and marbling estimation. Based on the available research a thesis might be forwarded that both types of carcase classification: conformation and fatness are not related with the meat quality of studied carcase grades. Only share of redness and yellowness values were lower in meat of P carcase grade as well as the lowest marbling was in meat of U carcase grade. It was also stated that bull's hot carcase weight was higher as the better conformation class and as the higher fatness class. Similar relation in the rib-eye area of LD muscle of different conformation grades was observed.


Abstract Software Maintainability (SM), being one of the priciest and tedious phases of any software development life cycle, has drawn the attention of various researchers over the years. SM measures the ease of carrying out maintenance activities such as repair and improvement of software code as per the changing needs of the customer and should be predicted well in advance. The current study implements the Least Squares Support Vector Machines (LS-SVM) algorithm for SM Prediction (SMP) on six open source datasets, namely Abdera, Ivy, jEdit, Log4j, Poi, and Rave. MAE, RMSE, and MMRE are considered as the prediction accuracy measures to evaluate the performance. Results indicate that LS-SVM is a potentially viable tool for predicting maintainability. Best results are obtained with jEdit dataset having minimum values for MAE, RMSE, and MMRE, i.e. 20.38, 46.97, and 1.02, respectively; jEdit having high component stability with lesser number of changes.


Is reading Cozolino's book likely to be a worthwhile use of your time? What if you come to it mainly as a psychotherapist, Cozolino's target audience, or mainly as a psychotherapy researcher? What if you are a cognitive or affective neuroscientist who wants to apply your findings to psychotherapy and therapy research or a psychotherapy researcher who is collaborating with neuroscientists? If you are a psychotherapist or a therapy researcher who has limited knowledge of the ground-breaking, farreaching and, simply, exciting implications of findings from cognitive and affective neuroscience during the past 15 or so years for the practice and further development of psychotherapy as a clinical intervention, then time spent reading this book is likely to feel well spent. Further, if you are a therapist or therapy researcher who has little or no familiarity with the burgeoning findings and methodological advances in neuroscience, or their implications for psychotherapy theory, practice, and research, then you owe it to your patients*clinical, private, and research*to read the book. You also are cautioned to be mindful of caveats noted here. The more that you already know about contemporary findings in affective and cognitive neuroscience and about their potential implications for (a) testing and revising theories of the mechanisms of action of various forms of psychotherapy and (b) conducting, and improving the efficacy of, psychotherapeutic interventions in general, the less likely it is that this book will substantially extend your knowledge. This is particularly likely if you have read Joseph Le Doux's The Synaptic Self: How Our Brains Become Who We Are or articles by neuroscientist Richard J. Davidson and colleagues on the implications of findings from affective neuroscience for understanding depression. That said, practitioners and therapy researchers who view themselves as at least moderately informed about findings and methods from cognitive and affective neuroscience, and their implications for psychotherapy theory, research, and practice, probably will find it worthwhile to at least scan the book. For example, Chapter 2 presents concepts and assumptions that are basic to Cozolino's view of how psychotherapy modifies neural networks. Also, Chapter 3 contains several working hypotheses about putative mechanisms of action of therapy at a neural level, such as ''Empathic attunement with the therapist provides the context of nurturance in which growth and development occur. By activating processes involved in attachment and bonding, as well as moderating stress in therapy, empathic attunement may create an optimal biochemical environment for enhancing neural plasticity'' (p. 62). Practitioners and therapy researchers who endorse the psychoanalytic psychodynamic theoretical orientation, in contrast to the cognitive behavioral tradition for example, are especially likely to find many of Cozolino's points noteworthy, even gratifying. Psychodynamically influenced practitioners, in particular, might come away believing that findings from neuroscience support both the effectiveness of much of what they do as therapists and fundamental tenets of psychodynamic theory. A relevant caveat: The text frequently conveys misimpressions*in the direction of overstatement*of the strength of support for psychoanalytic psychodynamic interventions and related theory that validly can be drawn from extant neuroscience, and integrated neuroscience and therapy research, findings. Researchers who focus largely on psychodynamic therapy can anticipate finding many points that could serve them well in grant applications or in discussion sections of research articles. Psychodynamically oriented therapy researchers also might find hypotheses that they would like to test in collaboration with colleagues who have expertise in neuroscience methods, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging. The book is dominated by concepts and ideas consistent with the interpersonal, rather than the behavioral, tradition in clinical psychology. The interpersonal slant also is indicated by the fact that the book is part of the Norton Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology. Cozolino's main aim is a general one, namely to ''encourage [psychotherapists, primarily] to include knowledge of the brain in [their] overall understanding of human growth and development'' (p. xvi). He also simply wants to stimulate psychotherapists' interest in neuroscience. The title of the final chapter, ''The Psychotherapist as Neuroscientist: An Emerging Paradigm,'' suggests that Cozolino also has a far more ambitious goal, perhaps along the lines of spurring modification of the Psychotherapy Research, August 2006; 16(4): 515 517


In the mid-1990s, the East Asian countries experienced severe financial crisis, followed by deep economic downturns. A variety of methodologies have been used to explain the Asian financial crisis. However, the impact of the Asian financial crisis of 1997 on the efficiency of the financial industry has not been studied yet. This paper investigates the performance of the Malaysian banking sector around the Asian financial crisis with the emphasis on the domestic versus foreign banks debate. The efficiency estimates of individual banks are evaluated using the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The results suggest that the foreign banks have exhibited higher technical efficiency compared to their domestic bank counterparts. However, the results suggest also that the foreign banks were severely affected by the Asian financial crisis, implying that they are not insulated from unexpected events like the Asian financial crisis of 1997.


Polymeric vehicle for a crash box (10), the polymer crash box (10) having a first open distal end (12) and a second rear end (14), the polymer crash box (10 ) further comprises a structure (20) is substantially the honeycomb, the honeycomb structure is substantially (20) having a plurality of passages (30) in only one manner, said plurality of channels (30) in the polymer crash box (10) extends inside, each channel (30) further toward the second interior rear end (14) becomes gradually smaller. The polymer crash box (10) comprises at least one polymer substantially planar fixing member (52), said at least one polymer substantially planar fixing member (52) proximate said first open tip end (12) It is implemented in a single piece manner, and at least one polymer substantially planar fixing member (52) may also be secured to the cross member (60). One kind of bumper structure for a motor vehicle, said bumper structure comprising at least two polymer crash boxes (10) and having a substantially Ω-shaped cross-section, and an outer polymer shell covering said bumper beam ( 60) and the at least two polymer crash boxes (10).


Disclosed are a method for eliminating interference, user equipments, and base stations. The method is used for eliminating the interference between two adjacent user equipments while not reducing transmitting power of the user equipments and not limiting the flexibility of scheduling. The method of the embodiments of the present invention comprises: a first user equipment (UE) sends interference cancellation control information (ICCI) to a second UE by means of a device-to-device (D2D) link, the ICCI comprising configuration information about an uplink signal sent by the first UE; and after sending the ICCI, the first UE sends the uplink signal to a base station which the first UE belongs to, the uplink signal sent by the first UE producing interference to a downlink signal which is sent by a base station that the second UE belongs to and is received by the second UE.


Background: Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin-7 (Siglec-7) expression is strongly reduced on natural killer (NK) cells from HIV-1 infected viremic patients. To investigate the mechanism(s) underlying this phenomenon, we hypothesized that Siglec-7 could contribute to the infection of CD4 pos target cells following its interaction with HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoprotein 120 (gp120). Results: The ability of Siglec-7 to bind gp120 Env in a sialic acid-dependent manner facilitates the infection of both T cells and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Indeed, pre-incubation of HIV-1 with soluble Siglec-7 (sSiglec-7) increases the infection rate of CD4 pos T cells, which do not constitutively express Siglec-7. Conversely, selective blockade of Siglec-7 markedly reduces the degree of HIV-1 infection in Siglec-7 pos MDMs. Finally, the sSiglec-7 amount is increased in the serum of AIDS patients with high levels of HIV-1 viremia and inversely correlates with CD4 pos Tc ell counts. Conclusions: Our results show that Siglec-7 binds HIV-1 and contributes to enhance the susceptibility to infection of CD4 pos T cells and MDMs. This phenomenon plays a role in HIV-1 pathogenesis and in disease progression, as suggested by the inverse correlation between high serum level of sSiglec-7 and the low CD4 pos T cell count observed


Abstract : An interactive hierarchical to CODASYL schema translator was designed and implemented with the goal of taking a System 2000 (hierarchical) schema as input and producing an equivalent IDMS (CODASYL) schema, storage schema (DMCL), and subschema. In addition, this system is to serve as part of an entire System 2000 to IDMS database translator system. This thesis effort includes an analysis of the hierarchical and CODASYL models, an analysis of the System 2000 implementation of the hierarchical model, an analysis of the IDMS implementation of the CODASYL model, Data Flow Diagrams for the general hierarchical to CODASYL schema translator, structure charts for the System 2000 to IDMS schema translator, translator source code, and data dictionary. (Author)


By analyzing the characteristics of heavy oil and their adverse effects on the diesel, and the improvment of marine engines to suit the characteristics of the heavy oil, the paper shows the engine department crews the items to be paid attention to when using heavy oil.


In the present study, bacteriological quality of 187 different mineral water bottle brands marketed in Karachi was analyzed from September 2009 to June 2010. All the collected samples were analyzed for the presence of coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria, E. coli, fecal entrococci, P. aeruginosa and total viable plate count (TVPC). Alarmingly, 67 (36%) of these samples did not comply with Pakistan and WHO standard guidelines for drinking water. The majority of the specimens (39 samples) were contaminated with higher TVPC and P. aeruginosa, while many were contaminated with both coliform (20 samples) and fecal coliform bacteria (11 samples). Total heterotrophic bacterial number in 49 samples was higher than even 200 cfu/mL. The presence of coliform bacteria in drinking water suggests the possible presence of pathogenic enteric microorganisms thus unsafe for drinking. The data presented here clearly raise the concerns regarding the quality of drinking mineral water and highlights the danger posed to the public health.


The research on urban forests in Chuncheon, so far, has mainly conducted in Ponguisan urban forest. Research on other urban forests in Chuncheon was scarce. Accordingly, in this study, the author chose the main urban forests in Chuncheon and tried to find a way of efficient establishment and management of urban forests in Chuncheon by field and questionnaire survey. The research findings, there were several reasons why effective management can not be implemented in the main urban forests in Chuncheon. To solve these problems and make an efficient establishment and management of urban forests in Chuncheon, the first way is to make forest management plans on the urban forest in Chuncheon and expand administrative organization, personnel and budget. Establishment and management of urban forests needs a practical, strengthened overall management system. The second way is to enhance the regional and functional characteristics for urban forest, expand the area of urban forests, and enhance management of Street trees. The third way is to designate Urban Nature Park or Urban Park for the main urban forests in Chuncheon and need to change the ownership of the urban forests by purchasing. The fourth way is to respond to Chuncheon citizen's preference and their way of utilization when create the urban forests in Chuncheon, expand convenience facilities, relaxation facilities as well.


Une Chretiente au XIXe siecle? La vie religieuse des populations du diocese d'Areas (18401914), 2 vols. By Y.-M. Hilaire. Pp. 1018 + 4 maps. Villeneuve-d'Ascq: Universite de Lille III, 1977. Fr. 150. This is a massive thesis, the product, its author says, of fifteen years' work. The archival coverage is, surely, complete—the Parisian depositories, the Departmental collections, the Vatican Archives, the diocesan files (particularly abundant), parish records, the documentary collections of religious congregations (with headquarters in Rome, Belgium and France) and family papers. Dr Hilaire has also interviewed numerous individuals, some the aged actors in his story and others younger people who had known them. He has exhaustively surveyed the files of nine newspapers and made detailed soundings in twentynine others, as well as looking at parish magazines and the bulletins of religious oeuvres. His object has been to produce not an account of the clergy but one of the religious life of the people in general. In fact, every aspect of the life of the diocese has been fully treated. There are sharply etched biographical sketches and estimates of the pastoral achievements of the diocesan bishops—all excellent men. There was Mgr La Tour d'Auvergne, the grand seigneur who ruled from 1802-51, organising the new diocese and recruiting a new generation of clergy; Mgr Parisis (1851-66), of humble origins and very ordinary education, a fervent ultramontane who turned the loyalties of his people towards Rome; Mgr Lequette, of a local bourgeois family, a genial administrator; Meignan, the scholar and friend of moderate Republican politicians, who stayed in the see for two years then got his governmental allies to give the bishopric to his disciple Mgr Williez, another prelate of courage and spirituality, who carried on the ultramontane tradition, but to a different effect, making the Ralliement as welcome in the diocese as the Syllabus had been, and following up Rerum Novarum with social initiatives. The patterns of religious practice are traced—tending to be strong in territories of the old diocese of Boulogne but not in those of Arras; strong in rural areas, weak in towns, in the textile factory districts extending around Calais and in the expanding mining villages; strong near the Flemish-speaking border, but weaker in proportion to nearness to Paris; strong where the constitutional Church had been rejected during the Revolution, but enfeebled where it had been accepted; strong where religion had been strong because priests liked to come to work there, but weak where religion had been weak, for the opposite reasons. There are novelties in these discussions; the religiosity of sailors and fishermen, for example, was not a characteristic of their way of life—it was acquired during the century; wooded areas tended to irreligion because of their ancient tradition of providing refuges for dubious characters. The recruitment of the clergy is analysed, chronologically and sociologically. The graph has nothing to do with political events; in this predominantly practising diocese, it was a question of supply and demand, ordinands (from humbler origins than diose of the previous century) coming forward as there were clerical posts to be filled. It would take long to catalogue the riches of this thesis—the practices and folkways of popular religion, the relationship of the cure to the local aristocracy, the officials of the local mining company, the schoolmaster and the parishioners generally; the vast increase in the number of nuns and its effect; the surge of religious enthusiasm measured statistically in the numbers of church buildings, calvaries and stations of the cross, and less tangibly in the new spirituality of the Passion and the Eucharist. The chapter on pilgrimages is a good example of an old subject revivified. There


In this work, we have designed a 3-degree of freedom robotic arm controller for various applications. A general interface is developed for the robotic arm enabling it to communicate with different platforms and performing different tasks. The task is to design a robotic arm that can perform the necessary pick and place actions. The movements are controlled by using servo motor embedded in it. Deflection in the arm is identified using MEMS accelerometer sensor and a Flex sensor. The work is aiming to develop a robotic arm. The task entails analysis, design and fabrication of the robot. The Primary Objectives of this work are  Hand gesture tracking and reproducing with robotic arm.  The robotic arm shall have at least 2 Degrees of Freedom (DOF).  The robotic arm shall be able to pick up any small object.


Stress tests of credit risk is greatly affected by data constraints in Tunisian banking system. Aiming to improve the assessment of credit risk in such conditions, we propose a model to conduct a macro stress test of credit risk for a sample of ten Tunisian commercial banks based on scenario analysis. The approach consists first in explaining the credit risk for each bank in terms of macroeconomic and bank-specific variables through a static fixed effects model, second in a stress-testing exercise using the Monte Carlo Simulation for generating credit risk losses distributions in case of different scenarios and for determining unexpected losses for each bank. The panel analysis applied suggests a robust negative relationship between the credit risk of bank loans and real GDP growth, with a lag response of four periods. In addition, return on assets ratio and bank size show significant negative effect on credit quality, while the net loans to total asset ratio is positively associated with it. The credit risk stress testing results indicate that an adverse scenario of economic downturn produces increase of the frequency of the higher credit loss comparatively to the lower ones for all banks of the sample and that the estimated unexpected losses that would take place in a stress situation can be covered by available capital of these banks.


Infrared (IR) image sequences and physiological data (heart rate, blood pressure, blood oxygenation) were acquired in a well-controlled environment adhering to stringent experimental protocols from several test persons who chewed nicotine gums or smoked cigarettes. Task-optimized digital image processing techniques (registration, segmentation, morphological operations) were implemented in a MATLABtrade-based graphical user interface developed for automatic analysis of the acquired infrared images and automatic generation of finger and palm temperature time plots. We found significant temperature decreases due to vasoconstriction mainly in smokers, and temperature increases due to vasodilation mainly in non-smokers. However, the effects of nicotine on vasomotor control, skin vascularization and temperature via the sympathetic nervous system are difficult to assess and also depend on a subject's baseline temperature


Objective To investigate cationic liposome-TK complexes killing effect on murine bladder cancer in vivo by simple instillation.Methods The orthotopic rat bladder cancer model was established in female Wistar rats by intravesical administration of the carcinogen, N-methyl-nitrosourea(MNU). Cationic liposome-Tk complexes was transurethrally instilled into the bladder. GCV was injected intraperitoneally the next day after instillation for 6 days. The distribution of the gene was examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Tumor incidence and tumor weight, defined as the weight of the tumored bladder, were determined on day 6 and 10 after GCV intraperitoneal injection for 6 days. Apoptosis of tumor cells were detected with in situ DNA nick end labeling (TUNEL).Results The sucide gene transferred into the tumor cells and expressed successfully by instillation of cationic liposome-TK complexes was conformed by RT-PCR. Significant difference was observed between the weight of the tumored bladder or the quantity of the apoptosis tumor cells treated by HSV-TK/GCV system rats and the control rats. Conclusions The study shows that transurethral instillation of cationic liposome-TK complexes can transfer the HSV-TK gene to the rat bladder tumor cells effectively. HSV-TK/GCV system can act as a candidate treatment for bladder cancer therapy. Inducing apoptosis of tumor cells might be the important mechanism of HSV-TK/GCV system.


The low-beta magnet systems are located in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) insertion regions around the four interaction points. They are the key elements in the beams focusing/defocusing process allowing proton collisions at luminosity up to 10**34/cm**2s. Those systems are a contribution of the US-LHC Accelerator project. The systems are mainly composed of the quadrupole magnets (triplets), the separation dipoles and their respective electrical feed-boxes (DFBX). The low-beta magnet systems operate in an environment of extreme radiation, high gradient magnetic field and high heat load to the cryogenic system due to the beam dynamic effect. Due to the severe environment, the robustness of the diagnostics is primordial for the operation of the triplets. The hardware commissioning phase of the LHC was completed in February 2010. In the sake of a safer and more user-friendly operation, several consolidations and instrumentation modifications were implemented during this commissioning phase. This paper presents the instrumentation used to optimize the engineering process and operation of the final focusing/defocusing quadrupole magnets for the first years of operation.


Rationale: Cutaneous metastasis of testicular choriocarcinoma is exceptionally uncommon. To our knowledge, only 14 cases have been reported in the past 10 years in the pubmed. We have an uncommon case of testicular choriocarcinoma who has metastasized to the adjacent skin and organ systems. Patient concerns: An 18-year-old male was diagnosed with initial presentation of cutaneous mass at the left back. Followly,biopsy was performed under local anesthesia.Histopathological examination was consistent with the diagnosis of metastatic choriocarcinoma. Diagnoses: The histopathological assessment of the biopsied tissue, in combination with elevated serum &bgr;-HCG levels and presentation of testicular mass, indicated primary testicular choriocarcinoma with cutaneous and systemic metastasis. Interventions: Subsequently radical orchiectomy was performed. Outcomes: Despite the case completed one cycle of cisplatin-based regimen chemotherapy, he died of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome 2 months after surgery. Lessons: In this report, cutaneous metastasis with testicular choriocarcinoma is extremely rare. It is important to recognize that this unusual variant of testicular choriocarcinoma has the potential to behave aggressively and to metastasize.


Geosynthetics have long been used for reinforcing unbound base/subbase layers in paved and unpaved roads for improving its performance and carrying more loads. Field applications demonstrated that geosynthetic reinforcement can help reduce various types of distresses and extend the service life of pavement structures. Geogrid, a two dimensional planar geosynthetic is used in unpaved roads to to carry the superimposed load such as traffic load and to well distribute the load safety to the subgrade. In the current paper experimental studies are conducted on geogrid reinforced Granular Sub Base to see the effectiveness of reinforcement in the field by allowing the load for very large number of repetitions. The performance of the reinforcement is monitored by studying the plastic and elastic deformation and then comparing it with the unreinforced cases. The results showed that geogrid reinforces the unbound aggregate thus reducing the deformation along with the reduction in the required thickness of the aggregate layer of unpaved roads. The amount of reduction of permanent deformation was more for reinforced layer with higher thickness.


Abstract : Timely transmission overhauls increase in-flight service reliability greater than the calculated design reliabilities of the individual aircraft transmission components. Although necessary for aircraft safety, transmission overhauls contribute significantly to aircraft expense. Predictions of a transmission's maintenance needs at the design stage should enable the development of more cost-effective and reliable transmissions in the future. This work estimates the frequency of overhaul and the number of transmission or components needed to support the overhaul schedule. Two methods based on the two-parameter Weibull statistical distribution for component life are used to estimate the time between transmission overhauls. These methods predict transmission lives for maintenance schedules which (1) repair the transmission with a complete system replacement or (2) repair only failed components of the transmission. An example illustrates the methods.


Hepatitis C. These stories show how community members achieve resilience collectively when struggling individually. Finally, I recognized core citations from recent interdisciplinary social science literature on family dynamics. Downe uses concepts like intensive mothering to explore the specifics of Indigenous motherhood in the context of communities coping with HIV. The book also offers phenomenal insight into the experience of living with chronic illness and dealing with the stigma attached to it, providing a powerful overview of the dramaturgical literature on discrediting. Participants' comments often spoke to broader patterns of framing chronically ill people as unfit caregivers—whether of children or anyone else. I deeply appreciated that awareness given my own lifelong experience with a progressive disease. Downe weaves these stories together in an implicit but powerful rebuttal of the idea of people with progressive diseases being passive recipients of care rather than reciprocal givers and takers. In the process, the book uplifts the communal spirit of Indigenous cultures in many different settings where First Nations people are found. It also illuminates the complexity of social exposures underlying new HIV infections among Indigenous people. Likewise, it highlights harm reduction approaches for injection drug use, sex work, and other experiences associated with higher risk of transmission. These are vital concepts that future health professionals across many different disciplines must master early and revisit often. I had questions after finishing the book that could be explored with further research in these same local communities in the Saskatoon area. I find myself still wondering about how the parents profiled in the book coped together with their feelings of inadequacy surrounding how they were raising their children and responding to their needs. I remain curious about the kinds of support parents sought from one another, and especially about how mothers received support from parents of other genders. The stories in Collective Care show tremendous vulnerability, which clearly required a lot of courage and a willingness to challenge toxic social norms about what being a parent and living with HIV means. I would love to read more reflections about the process of parents supporting each other, and especially about how more masculine parents have been uplifting their more feminine peers. I was also struck by the universality of some of the concerns that mothers and other parents interviewed by Downe expressed about being good influences in their children's lives. So I would love to see more work building on these insights and connecting these perceptions from Indigenous parents to broader patterns in anxiety about parenting all around the world. I would recommend Collective Care to any health care educator, provider, researcher, evaluator, or student interested in working with HIV-positive mothers. It holds special relevance for people seeking to engage Indigenous voices; it also encourages scholars to consider shared experiences of motherhood and HIV that cross cultural boundaries. In the process, it orients readers to the value and power of harm reduction as a framework for nurturing physical, social, and emotional health alike for Indigenous mothers and the many people who love them. I plan to use it in my own teaching with future health care scholars and providers across a variety of disciplines who practice with some of our different Indigenous communities in Florida. Downe and participants illuminate challenges Indigenous mothers living with HIV face in North America—and opportunities for community health professionals to support their journeys.


When traditional architecture is divided into frame structure and components, frame structure can be sorted by the form of main section, eave protrude, the position of middle purlin, rafter installation technique, afloat head penetrating tie and upper middle purlin, middle collar beam and others, and components which are determined on the design of the building can be classified by anchogong, bracket structure, joosun, boa-gee and truss post. Frame structure does not change with the changes of the times as it is the structural part, but components changes with the changes of the time. The whole balance in the frame structure should be emphasized because it is the base of maintenance and preservation with the theory that using optimal structure members is the most decorative design.


Effects of 18 kinds of yuza extracts on viability of prostate cancer cells, DU 145 and LN-CaP, were investigated. Chloroform and methanolic extracts of yuza peel exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against both cancer cell lines dose-dependently and also showed antioxidant activity matching on inhibition of cell viability (author's intension not clear). Chloroform extract of yuza peel exhibited highest radical-scavenging activity and cytotoxicity against prostate cancer cells in vitro.


ABSTRACT This paper reports the effect of the cation composition on the electrical properties of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) where atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used to deposit an a-IGZO channel layer. The In0.38Ga0.18Zn0.44O transistors at a 200°C annealing temperature exhibited 39.4 cm2/V·s field effect mobility (µFE), −0.12 V threshold voltage (VTH), 0.40 V/decade subthreshold gate swing (SS), and >107 ION/OFF ratio, corresponding to the state-of-the-art characteristics of transistors with a sputtered IGZO channel. Further enhancement of the μFE value was observed for the devices with a higher In fraction: the In0.45Ga0.15Zn0.40O transistor had a higher μFE value of 48.3 cm2/V·s, −4.06 V VTH, 0.45 V/decade SS, and >107 ION/OFF ratio. The cation composition dependence on the performance of the a-IGZO TFTs was explained by analysing the density-of-state (DOS) distribution for the corresponding devices using the experimental independent variable (IV) and theoretical Technology Computer-aided Design (TCAD) simulation.


Abstract Critical reading of Bronfenbrenner's Moral Dilemmas Test (MDT) suggests that it measures two basic kinds of moral dimensions: (1) "Negative-passive" moral choices which require the child to resist peer pressure to violate conventional norms in situations fraught with potential adult sanctions, and (2) "Positive-active" moral choices which require performance of an act that affirms a moral principle and implies a benefit for recipients of the act. To test the validity of these distinctions, additional positive-active type dilemmas were constructed to balance the overemphasis on negative-passive situations found in the original MDT. This expanded MDT was then administered to samples of Mormon, Catholic and public school children. Responses from all samples were subjected to factor and cluster analyses and then to a "multitrait-multimethod matrix". The se analyses provide support for the need for making moral sub-distinctions by producing item clusters that are consistently based on the a priori def...