OBJECTIVE To observe the role of anti-inebriation of the oral solution of Ledum Palustre L. var.dilatatum Wahl in mice.METHODS Anti-inebriation of the oral solution of Ledum Palustre L.var. dilatatum Wahl was observed by means of alcohol tolerating experiment and alcohol resistance experiment.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the oral solution of Ledum Palustre L.var. dilatatum Wahl extended significantly the drunken sleeping resistance time and shortened the drunken sleeping time of mice.CONCLUSION The oral solution of Ledum Palustre L.var.dilatatum Wahl has the role of anti-inebriation and alleviate a hangover.


Provided is a funnel with adjustable angles. The funnel with the adjustable angles is designed for solving the problems that an existing traditional funnel formed by one shot is inconvenient and inflexible to use when liquid is guided into containers with inlets of different angles. The funnel with the adjustable angles comprises a hemispheric cup body and a flow guide pipe communicated with the interior of the cup body. The hemispheric cup body is formed by connecting a hemispheric cup body upper portion and a hemispheric cup body lower portion movably through a sealed and rotatable inclined notch. The hemispheric cup body lower portion 2 is communicated with the flow guide pipe, and then the funnel with the adjustable angles is formed into a whole by one shot. The funnel with the adjustable angles has the advantages of being ingenious in design, simple in structure, convenient and flexible to use, strong in innovation and wide in market prospect.


This paper analyzes the liquidity condition of the fixed-income market in Japan, based on Hu, Pan and Wang (2013). We empirically evaluate the illiquidity condition after the Bank of Japan (BOJ) implemented Quantitative and Qualitative Easing. Our result indicates that the liquidity premium has increased with time since the BOJ announced its new monetary policy, although the liquidity premium has continued to decrease over a longer period of time. We also show that the Security Lending Facility of the BOJ has partially improved the liquidity condition. The noise measure is provided publicly for future applications.


The tendency for governments to create independent competition agencies is analysed in the cases of Directorate General IV of the Commission, the German Cartel Office, the Office of Fair Trading, and the Competition Commission. Analysis of the historical process of agency design, and the re-definition of agency missions, indicates a progression from a symbolic and constitutional rationale to a more material impact on contemporary market economies. Drawing loosely on principal-agent theory, changing agency roles are ascribed partly to the activism of independent agents, partly to the changing priorities of majoritarian principals. The unanticipated consequences of delegation include an escape from business capture but a shift to legalism or economic purism.


Peer-to-peer methods and apparatus for the overlay network is provided. Method of claim 2, the overlay network based on the second method comprising: receiving an advertisement from the overlay network, a second step of determining a size of the overlay network, the second overlay, the size of the network is larger than the size of the first overlay network, persistent node identifier the step of performing self-navigation, and the continuous node identifier for the case that is not part of the second overlay network includes the step of engaging the second overlay network. Device comprises a connection to the transceiver, and the transceiver receiving the advertisement from the second overlay network, and perform its own search through the second overlay network that determines the size of the second overlay network, based on the persistent node identifier, and continue node identifier If that is not part of the second overlay network includes a processor configured to combine the second overlay network.


1. A method of forming and joining the fastener (10) to the flat blank (12), in particular to a sheet metal workpiece, wherein at vrubanii fastening element (10) into the workpiece (12) moving the plunger (28 '), the die (18') pressed with a predetermined pressing force to the workpiece (12), and this pressing force is selected so that the movement of the plunger (28 ') only after the separation cuts down element (34) from cutting through the workpiece edge (14) of the fastening element (10) .2. The method of claim. 1, characterized in that the plunger (28 ') can be moved in a direction parallel to the direction of cutting through the movement of the fastening element (10) .3. A method according to Claim. 1 or 2, characterized in that the pressing force, i.e., force pressing the plunger in the direction towards the workpiece, the movement is directed towards a slotted fastening element (10) .4. The method of claim. 1, characterized in that the pressing force is selected so that the movement of the plunger (28 ') starts only when a slotted edge (14) of the fastening element deforms the forming surface of the plunger (28'). 5. The method of claim. 1, characterized in that the plunger (28 ') comprises a cutting edge (32'), which at the beginning of cutting process lies in the plane defined by the edge of the opening (16 '), the die (18'). 6. The method of claim. 1, characterized in that the plunger (28 ') comprises a raised portion (44'), which at the beginning of cutting process protrudes from the plane defined by the edge recesses (16 '), the die (18'). 7. The method of claim. 1, characterized in that the movement of the plunger (28 ') towards and / or in the direction of the pressing force is limited uporom.8. The method of claim. 1, characterized in that the plunger (28 ') comprises a forming surface (46), through which deforms, at least locally


The immunobiology reaction of the karakul sheeps have variability of the gumoral and cytological factors in the correlation with type constitutions.


. Background. The study is relevant due to the introduc-tion and inclusion of new quantitative methods into the widely known diagnostic complex to get comprehensive information in order to increase efficiency of the rheumatoid arthritis diagnosing. The purpose was to increase efficiency of the diagnosing of rheumatoid arthritis using quantitative determination of the knee synovial membrane functioning by the diagnostic electropunctural method of R. Voll. Materials and methods. The study involved 28 patients with the rheumatoid arthritis, among them 24 women and 4 men aged 17–75 years. Highly sensitive non-invasive express-method of electropunctural diagnostics of R. Voll consists in determin-ing and assessment of functional state of any organ-tissue human formations based on the measurements (in just a few minutes) of skin electrical conductivity with a point electrode in representative biological active points in corresponding meridians. The change in these formations leads to the change of electrical conductivity in their representative biologically active points. The electrical conductivity enhancement shows the presence and intensity degree of inflammation in certain structure, in particular, in synovial membrane. Inflammatory stages by R. Voll are as follow: І — 66–75, ІІ — 76–85 and ІІІ — 86–100 standard units. A representative point of joints, particularly knee, was observed. The surveys were carried out symmetrically (right and left). Results. There were per-formed over 56 symmetric measurement regarding maximal values from the most damaged parts. Inflammatory stage І was defined in 9 (32.14 %), ІІ — in 17 (60.71 %) and III — in 2 (7.14 %) patients. Conclusions. Application of the express-method of electropunctural diagnostics by R. Voll allows significantly improve the efficiency of diagnosing of the rheumatoid arthritis by quantitative determination of knee synovial membrane functioning. All patients (100 %) demonstrated confirmed non-specific inflammatory character of pathological process of different intensity degree by the stages І–ІІI by R. Voll in the knee synovial membrane. Different intensity of inflammation (stages І–ІІI) allows recommending a pathogenetically grounded anti-inflammatory therapy. Receiv-ing quantitative data about different intensity of inflammation by R. Volls stages potentiates to assess objectively a functional state of the knee synovial membrane in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Different intensity degree of inflammation by R. Voll directly in synovial membrane can demonstrate a different degree of activity of non-specific inflammatory process at rheumatoid arthritis.


This paper reports the synthesis, characterization, and cellular uptake of the conjugate of porphyrin and iron oxide nanoparticles, which may lead to a bimodal anticancer agent that can be used in the combinational treatment of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and hyperthermia therapy (HT).


Centipeda muuma is an annual herbaceous plant found in moist places throughout the plains of India and Ceylon. It is also found in Afghanistan, Eastern Tropical Asi a, Australia and Pacific Islands • Centipeda is well known for its medicinal properties•. A number of triterpenoids have been isolated from Centipeda··. The present note describes the structural elucidation of a new 0-~D xylopyranoside from the whole plant of Centipeda minima. Dried and crushed plant was first extracted with pet. ether followed by ethanol. Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated from the petrol extract of the plant material and compound 3 from the ethanolic extract.


Chapter 1 Ionizing radiation and basic principles of x-ray generation Chapter 2 Dental x-ray machine Chapter 3 Image formation Chapter 4 Image receptors Chapter 5 Biologic effects of radiation Chapter 6 Patient Protection Chapter 7 Operator Protection Chapter 8 Film processing: the darkroom Chapter 9 Infection control in dental practice Chapter 10 Intraoral technique: The Paralleling Method Chapter 11 Accessory Radiographic Techniques: Bisecting Technique and Occlusal Projections Chapter 12 Panoramic Radiography Chapter 13 Extraoral Techniques Chapter 14 Radiography of the Temporomandibular Joint Chapter 15 Digital imaging Chapter 16 Advanced imaging systems Chapter 17 Quality Assurance Chapter 18 Patient Management and Special Problems Chapter 19 Film Mounting and Radiographic Anatomy Chapter 20 Principles of Radiographic Interpretation Chapter 21 Caries and Periodontal Disease Chapter 22 Pulpal and Periapical Lesions Chapter 23 Developmental Disturbances of Teeth and Bone Chapter 24 Bone and Other Lesions Chapter 25 Legal considerations


Aerosol jet printing (AJP) shows promise for printable electronics and additive manufacturing as it is capable of printing conformally on nearly any substrate due to its direct write patterning, noncontact printing process, and compatibility with a wide range of printing materials. However, nearly all printed inks require some form of postprocessing sintering to achieve acceptable properties, such as electrical conductivity. In this article, a design of experiment (DOE) using Van der Pauw printed pads is presented, which can be applied to characterize any conductive ink. We focus on a new silver nanoparticle ink from NovaCentrix (JS-A426) that was developed specifically for aerosol jet printing and study its electrical conductivity under a variety of sintering time and temperature conditions. From these results, a linear regression model is developed that accurately predicts the experimentally measured electrical conductivity of the printed ink. This DOE characterization process and resulting predictive model are especially useful for applications requiring limited thermal budgets, such as flexible electronics. SEM images are also used to analyze how the silver particles coalesce and densify due to thermal diffusion. Finally, the above results are used to design and fabricate an in situ miniature strain gauge sensor using the NovaCentrix JS-A426 silver nanoparticle ink on a thin flexible substrate. After printing and sintering, the miniature custom strain gauge had a nominal resistance of $355~\Omega $ and a gauge factor of 1.74. These values are similar to commercial metal foil strain gauges and demonstrate that the aerosol jet printing is a viable manufacturing process for the production of custom miniature in situ strain gauges. Advantages of this methodology include quick prototyping, custom digital design, conformal printing on essentially any surface, elimination of any adhesive layer, and manufacturing in less than a minute. This work is also the first to characterize the JS-A426 silver nanoparticle ink thermal curing process and demonstrate its use as a viable sensing element using direct write aerosol jet printing.


The present invention discloses an energy-saving system and a turntable drive control method for driving an electrically driven hydraulic excavator, the system comprises a pilot-operated handle, battery, motor, motor controller, hydraulic accumulators, fuel tank, a dosing pump / motor, a plurality of pressure sensors, rotational speed sensors, electromagnetic spill valve, a plurality of solenoid valve, a shuttle valve, orifice, through the center of six open proportional valves, a hydraulic motor, the turntable assembly and a controller, the plurality of pressure sensors and a speed sensor connected to the controller as a signal input terminal assembly, the plurality of electromagnetic spill solenoid valve and a signal output terminal connected to the controller assembly. By this control system and a method for driving the turntable can be avoided during acceleration consumes a large amount of hydraulic oil flow in the electromagnetic spill valve, it is possible that the turntable rotating brake kinetic energy is recovered, avoiding the waste of energy, to achieve the reuse of energy, while the system can be reduced in the turntable acceleration and braking shock.


Let G be a connected simple graph of order n and k an integer with k ≥2. The k th power graph of G , denoted by G k , is defined as a graph with V(G k)=V(G) and for any u,v∈V(G k) (u≠v), (u,v)∈E(G k) if and only if d G(u,v)≤k . Then G k is primitive for any k≥2 . Let E(k,n)={γ(G k)|G is a connected simple graph of order n }. In this paper, we obtainE(k,n)=dkk+1≤d≤n-1, if 2≤k≤n-2, {2}, if k≥n-1.


Ethical leadership is an important aspect in several researches and this aspect is used to increase the employee productivity in organizations. Ethical leadership promotes organizational values in a smooth way which results in achieving organizational goals and sustainability. The purpose of this study is to get the relevant and current information regarding ethical leadership which is necessary to be practiced in work environment in order to improve the productivity of employees. This study examines the influence of leadership that is essential to increase the employee performance. The focus of this research paper is to understand the increase in employee performance under improved leadership. The framework of this research shows the relationship between employee voice, psychological wellbeing, psychological ownership, job satisfaction, leader-follower relationship, equity sensitivity with ethical leadership. The data was collected using questionnaires that had been filled by 400 employees. The research is related to employee productivity in the organization so the selected respondents are organizational employees. The relationship of variables was examined by using SEM, CFA with the help of SPSS, Amos and pls. ethical leadership creates interests for employees in organizational activities to accomplish tasks in efficient manner. This research uncovers the factors that are essential to enhance the work behavior of the employees. These factors are highly acknowledged within the organizational environment. This would benefit to improve the leadership influence to enhance the employee productivity.


Phytophthora species are best known as pathogens of agricultural crops, or invasive pathogens destroying forests. Little is known about indigenous species, especially in wild ecosystems. Previous work showed that Phytophthora species are relatively abundant in natural streams in forests, but the species present are poorly characterized, and their ecology is essentially unknown. The aim of this work was to compare methods for the collection, identification, and enumeration of Phytophthora spp. in streams. Three methods of isolate collection were compared (leaf baits, pear baits, and filtration), and species identification was carried out using morphological and growth characters, and by DNA sequencing two regions of the genome (ITS rDNA, mitochondrial COX spacer region). Stream sampling was conducted at five locations in the Oak Creek drainage near Corvallis Oregon.


This paper presents the results of a generic reliability analysis of fault-tolerant digital control systems (F-T DCS). This analysis differs from previous efforts at estimating the reliability performance of F-T DCS in the sense that this analysis relies extensively on actual experience with redundant computer systems rather than on theoretical evaluations. The dominant contributors to the frequency of failure of F-T DCS are (1) failures within common or shared equipment, (2) software failures, and (3) inadvertent operator actions. Other contributors include loss of electric power, spurious signals that originate from within the DCS, lack of coverage, common cause failure (CCF) of redundant hardware, CCF of instrument channels, and physical damage from externally initiated events (e.g., high temperature). Much variation is expected in the reliability performance of F-T DCSs. Although some systems may operate for 10 or 15 years without experiencing system failures, other systems may fail several times during the same time interval. This variation is expected among systems of different architectures as well as among systems of the same architecture. Because most failures of DCSs can be traced to some kind of CCD, particularly software failures and inadvertent operator actions, CCFs should probably receive more attention than they aremore » presently given when selecting an F-T DCS.« less


Traditionally fluorescence and phosphorescence measurements are
made on fluorescence spectrometers using a DC source such as a 150
Watt xenon lamp. Differentiation between the fast decaying fluorescence
signal and the relatively long lived phosphorescence is temporally
obtained using a mechanical phosphoroscope. By periodically interrupting
the exciting light measurements are made at the instant of excitation
(fluorescence) or during the periods of darkness (phosphorescence). [Continues.]


Notch signaling plays a key role in various cell differentiation processes including bone homeostasis. However, the specific involvement of Notch in regulating osteoclastogenesis is still controversial. In the present study, we show that RANKL induces expression of Jagged1 and Notch2 in bone marrow macrophages during osteoclast differentiation. Suppression of Notch signaling by a selective (cid:1) -secretase inhibitor or Notch2 short hairpin RNA suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. In contrast, induction of Notch signaling by Jagged1 or by ectopic expression of intracellular Notch2 enhances NFATc1 promoter activity and expression and promotes osteoclastogenesis. Finally, we found that Notch2 and p65 interact in the nuclei of RANKL- stimulated cells and that both proteins are recruited to the NFATc1 promoter, driving its expression. Taken together, our results show a new molecular cross talk between Notch and NF- (cid:2) tetracycline-regulated pENTR/ transfecting stably pcDNA6/TR. Transfection g/ml blasticidin (cid:5) g/ml zeocin selection. cell attenuate Notch1 RT-PCR immuno- blotting.


The article analyzes the infrastructure of research activities of master's degree students in Russian universities. The infrastructure that supports the development of research activities in the universities of the 21st century is described based on the analysis of the experience of the Department of Pedagogy of Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia and the National Research University Higher School of Economics.


The identification of used design pattern as a part of the reengineering process provides useful information about the structure of a system. One of the existing pattern detection methodologies is detection based on similarity scoring algorithm proposed by Nikolaos Tsansalis. In this paper we propose a modification of the approach, in which we evaluate each observed part of the design pattern separately in the relation to the essence of the design pattern. This leads us to weighting of the observed structural parts of a pattern, so the more important structural parts have higher contribution to the calculated score.


During 2011, herders of southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya faced a prolonged drought, the third to strike in 8 years. The rainy season of 2010 (March to May) yielded below average precipitation and the yearly short rains (October to November) completely failed. By February 2011 herders of Garissa District, Kenya and Borena Zone, Ethiopia, were experiencing the impacts of the poor 2010 rains, although livestock markets operated reasonably well and animal deaths were limited.


Stable isotope measurements (δ18O and δ18C) of speleothem SCS-10 from the Naracoorte Caves record a combination of ancient soil hydrology, palaeoclimatic conditions, and isotopic fractionation during speleothem formation. U-Th ages as well as macroscopic examination show two distinct growth phases separated by a period of speleothem dissolution (earlier phase of 179-162 ka and later phase of 114–96 ka). Sampling traverses along growth lamellae indicate significant isotopic differences between the centre and distal part of the lamellae (disequilibrium due to CO2 degassing). Carbon and oxygen isotopic data from the earlier growth phase (down axis of speleothem core) show pronounced co-variation, albeit with greater variation of carbon values. Comparisons of speleothem isotopic values with global isotopic records show reasonable correspondence to SPECMAP trends. An enhanced δ18O signal in the speleothem could be due to ocean water and soil hydrology signals combining colder, enriched ocean water and a drier, enriched soil signature, compared with warmer, depleted ocean water and a wetter, depleted soil signature. Carbon isotopes largely co-vary with oxygen; enriched carbon values probably reflect low soil activity during drier, cooler times and depleted carbon values probably reflect a soil carbon signature dominated by C3 vegetation.


Turkey's association over the past thirty years with what is now known as the European Union has further stimulated the debate about the nature of European-Turkish relations. This debate began early in the nineteenth century, intensified after the modern Turkish state was founded, and has continued throughout the post-war period. Because it derives from a conceptual heritage developed within a cohesive world of academic reviews, political journals, research projects, institutes, and other bodies and organizations, the body of literature accumulated during the last two decades, particularly during the 1980s, can be deciphered and its overt as well as latent reasoning sketched. The basic elements of this conceptual heritage come primarily from students of Turkish-European relations and Turcological historians, but also from public officials (such as diplomats and bureaucrats), military personnel, and researchers in social sciences.


One consequence of western aid to Romanian academic life has been the opportunity for young Romanian scholars, schoocco1led in their early university years under the aegis of the communist system, to study with western European and North American visiting scholars in Romania, and/or to attend higher education institutions in both western Europe and North America, and generally to participate in worldwide academic life. Such vital inter‐cultural, inter‐social, and inter‐political life experiences provide the expressed raison d'etre of western academic aid.


Crit Care Med 2016 • Volume 44 • Number 12 (Suppl.) season, we rapidly collected demographics, hospital course, ICU resources, infectious diagnoses, and outcome for a diverse patient cohort. Scalability of the same infrastructure and processes is testable and could be used to improve our understanding of SARI and foster research emergency responses by exercising capabilities annually worldwide.


The shale play resources have played a key role in increasing oil production in the past decade in the United States. The sizes of pores in shales storing the oil are believed to be on the order of nanometers. It is believed that the fluids present in such small nanometer-scale pores have different properties compared to properties measured in the bulk. Fluid saturation pressures at given temperatures, bubble points for oils and dew points for condensates, in the nanopores are affected by the influence of pore walls in the vicinity of the fluid molecules. An approach to bubble point or dew point influences the proportion of liquid or gas produced from a given well and, thus, impacts the economic viability. Hence, an accurate measure of saturation pressures is important. In this paper, we describe experiments in well-characterized synthesized mesoporous materials and present Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo (GEMC) simulations for understanding the possible reason(s) for observations made in the experiments. The ...


We numerically investigated the plane-wave reflection-transmission characteristics of a columnar thin film (CTF) whose columns are made from a dissipative material but whose void regions are filled with an active material. By computing the reflectances and transmittances, we found that the CTF can simultaneously amplify s-polarized incident light and attenuate p-polarized incident light, or vice versa. This polarization-state-dependent attenuation and amplification phenomenon depends upon the angle of incidence and the thickness of the CTF.


Objective:To explore the diagnosis value of cervical fluid -based cytology test(LPT) and colposcopy for the cervical lesion,especially cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN).Methods:Retrospective study was made on 193 women with cervical lesion,81 cases accepting the joint examination of Cervical Fluid-based Cytology and colposcopy,112 cases accepting colposcope examination and biopsy straight.Pathologic examination of biopsy under colposcopy served as "goldstandard",contrasting coincident rate of diagnosing CIN for two groups.Results:Coincident rate of diagnosing CIN was 61.73%(50/81) and 35.71%(40/112) for objective group and control group respectively,the difference of coincident rate was statistically significant(P0.01).Conclusion:Combination of LPT,colposcope examination and cervical biopsy under colposcope could increase the diagnosis rate of cervical lesion,especially CIN.


This paper describes the functionality of desktop from users' perspectives. The preliminary results update and extend earlier studies carried out in 1985 and 1995. The study is aimed at investigating users' organizational habits across their workspace by comparing the structure of their document, email and web bookmark. We found that desktop serve more functionality such as availability, permanent location as visibility and security and safety.


Objective:To establish a method for determination of glycyrrhizin and catalpol in Zhenzhu yanhouning buccal tablets by HPLC.Methods:Glycyrrhizin and catalpol were determined by RP-HPLC on C_(18)-column at 210 nm and 254 nm,with 0.6% acetonitrile and acetonitrile:0.1% acetic acid solution(33:67)as mobile phase respecvely.Results:The lineadty of this method was good.The average recovery for glycyrrhizin and catalpol were 96.89%(RSD,0.45%)and 98.33%(RSD 0.78%),respectively.Conclusion:The established method is simple,quick and specific,which is suitable for the quality control of the compound drug.


We have identified the bioactive peptides in goat milk using two dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The milk samples were collected from three healthy breeds of goats at CIRG farms. The milk proteins were isolated using simple centrifugation and were evaluated on the basis of presence of other proteins variants using SDS PAGE and two dimensional gel electrophoresis. The protein profiles of all the milk proteins were same showing the presence of all the major caseins proteins and whey proteins whereas the two dimensional gel electrophoresis resulted gels has shown the presence of various protein spots. These protein spots were analysed under mass spectrometry and found biologically active peptides dipeptidyl peptidase, transcription factor A, Interleukin 12 subunit, oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2. In our study we have reported the biological significance of these peptides identified and their role in human health such as mitochondrial disease, brain malignancies, signaling processes of cytokines and help in generating cytotoxic lymphocyte helps enhance immunity.


We demonstrate stimulated Brillouin scattering in silicon photonics for the first time through a new class of hybrid photonic-phononic waveguides. Enhanced optical forces at nanoscales produce strong photon-phonon coupling and tailorable Brillouin resonances spanning 1-20GHz.


The paper proposes a valuable technique used in project management - the Decision Tree Technique. The application of the Decision Tree Technique in the paper is based on the concept of opportunity risk. The investment in quality within the project might be affected by the opportunity risk. For generating the decision alternatives was used WinQSB package. Even if it said that quality is ultimately defined by the client and represents how close the project and its deliverables comes to meeting the client's requirements and expectations, quality must be checked up and improved in every stage of the project lifecycle. The purpose of quality management in a project is to first understand the expectations of the client in terms of quality and then put a proactive plan in place to meet those expectations. All projects have some degree of uncertainty due to the assumptions associated with them and the environment in which they are executed. Projects with a higher level of risk require more rigorous risk management and more management focus. Although not all risks can be eliminated entirely, most can be anticipated and managed ahead of time. Generally, the risk refers to future conditions or circumstances that exist outside of the control of the project team that will have an adverse impact on the project if they occur. However, our paper, proposes a more specific kind of risk: the opportunity risk (the positive risk). The purpose of risk management is to identify the risk events for a project and then establish a risk management plan to minimize the probability that the risk event will harm the project. The objective of risk management 1


Silent messages often referred to as Silent SMS or Stealth SMS, when delivered to a mobile handset is indicated neither on the display nor by an acoustic alert signal. In the paper [2], the authors highlighted the technical details of sending a silent SMS, furthermore sending multiple incessant silent SMSs performing A silent SMS denial of Service (DoS) attack. These stealth messages are not only used to perform DoS attacks but are increasingly sent in order to force the continuous update of subscriber location information. In doing so, anyone with access to the network infrastructure, may use the technology to better track the movements of any subscriber on the mobile network. This paper describes, from a forensic perspective, how a silent application-generated SMS (attack) is discovered. We then investigate the possibilities of retrieving silent SMS evidence at both the handset and network level. Furthermore, using propositional logic, we explore related SMS network configurations which might thwart the forensic ability of a silent SMS attack.


Summary

A study was conducted to develop pearl millet-based extruded snacks with whey protein concentrate (WPC) to enhance its acceptability and nutritional value. Pearl millet grits (841 μ) was extruded with different levels (0%, 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5%) of WPC at constant feed rate (10.5 kg h−1) and moisture content (14%). Addition of whey protein at 7.5% level significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased Tg from 75.1 ± 0.26 °C to 120.5 ± 1.28 °C and Tm from 89.1 ± 1.51 °C to 158.7 ± 1.37 °C, which resulted in less expanded and harder extrudates. The expansion index of extrudates was negatively correlated (P ≤ 0.05) with protein (r = −0.940), bulk density (r = −0.949), hardness (r = −0.971) and breaking strength (r = −0.921), while positively correlated (P ≤ 0.05) with overall acceptability (OAA; r = 0.988). Keeping in view the nutritional, textural and consumer's acceptability, incorporation of 5% WPC in pearl millet grits (841 μ) was recommended for preparation of acceptable expanded snacks.


Finding a suitable video fragment in a vast video archive is mostly a complex task. Even professional users have to skim many hours of stored video data before they find the desired content. In this paper, we present a user-centred software engineering approach that is employed to create a novel news video explorer for TV broadcasting industry. This approach helps to ensure the balance between the technological progress in the field of information retrieval on the one hand and the needs and goals of the end users on the other hand.


Background: Diathermy is widely used in surgery for tissue dissection except for the skin incision. This is due to the fear of poor scarring, devitalization of tissue and increased chances of wound infection. This study is undertaken to compare the diathermy skin incision over scalpel skin incision in patients undergoing appendicectomy. Methods: A prospective double blind randomized clinical trial was carried out in our tertiary centre in BPKIHS, Dharan. In this study 80 patients of acute appendicitis undergoing appendicectomy were divided in Group A (n=40 patients) and Group B (n=40 patients). In Group A skin incision was made with scalpel, and in Group B skin incision was made with diathermy. Incisional time, incisional blood loss, postoperative pain, requirement of additional analgesic dose, wound complications and scar cosmesis were compared between the two groups. The results were finally analyzed using SPSS 16. Results: Diathermy significantly reduced the incisional time and incisional blood loss.Significant wound infection was noticed in the skin incision made by cold scalpel. No significant differences in post operative pain and additional requirement of analgesics was noticed in either of the groups. Patient satisfaction and scar cosmesis was superior in the diathermy group. Conclusion: The findings of this study recommend the use of diathermy in making skin incision in all the surgical procedures.


The introduction of the "Praxis" tests to certify preservice teachers has added to the controversy over what content should be taught in educational psychology classes. "Praxis II" tests are essentially exit examinations, usually taken between the junior and senior year to ensure that students know their specialty content areas and/or appropriate pedagogy for teaching before becoming certified. "Praxis II" tests of "Principles of Learning and Teaching" (ETS, 1999) encompass the content that students are expected to know in areas that have traditionally been educational psychology. Tests are geared toward specific age groups. Topics cover four broad categories (organizing content knowledge for student learning; creating an environment for student learning; teaching for student learning; and teacher professionalism). These assessments use a case study approach to measure students' general pedagogical knowledge. The author suggests that the "Principles of Learning and Teaching: Grades 7-12 "may be very difficult for typical undergraduates due to lack of experience. She notes that it is important to share with student teachers what kinds of information are emphasized on the test. She also recommends that students be exposed to the case study method before taking the test. (Contains 13 references.) (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. "Psyching Out" the Praxis II Tests of Learning and Teaching: What Our Students Need to Know Mary R. Sudzina, Ph.D. Professor of Educational Psychology The University of Dayton Dayton, Ohio 45469-0525 sudzinaRudayton.edu Roundtable presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association Seattle, Washington April 14, 2001 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


The importance of traditional arts lies on its profound social meaning and some certain psychological accumulation, and it has been kept pursuiting beauty in the course of history. Chinese traditional art is broad and profound. Now the introduction of new idea and thinking pattern provides us a broader view to re-examine traditional art, and the new technology and material also give more possibilities for us in the redesign of traditional festival print. This paper analyzes the design style and essentials of traditional festival print, and discuss the elements that should be noticed, and raise new viewpoints to the present design of festival print.


The Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT) is known to be optimal for decorrelating stationary Gaussian processes, and it provides effective transform coding of images. Although the KLT allows efficient representations for such signals, the transform itself is completely data-driven and computationally complex. This paper proposes a new class of transforms called graph template transforms (GTTs) that approximate the KLT by exploiting a priori information known about signals represented by a graph-template. In order to construct a GTT (i) a design matrix leading to a class of transforms is defined, then (ii) a constrained optimization framework is employed to learn graphs based on given graph templates structuring a priori known information. Our experimental results show that some instances of the proposed GTTs can closely achieve the rate-distortion performance of KLT with significantly less complexity.


The high temperature creep and cyclic creep behaviours of SiCw/6061Al and SiCp/2024Al composites were studied at 298℃. It was found that SiCw/6061Al composite showed better creep resistance but lower creep threshold stress as compared to SiCp/2024Al composite.Both composites showed cyclic creep retardation(CCR)in the tested stress region, while the CCR for SiCp/2024Al composite was more pronounced. For the SiCw/6061Alcomposite,the minimum cyclic creep rate decreased first and then increased with increasing the unloading amount, while for the SiCp/2024Al,the minimum cyclic creep rate decreased monotonically with increasing unloading amount.


Background Gene therapy has been a hot spot in repair of bone defects in recent years. This study aimed to construct a recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1‐VEGF165, and to observe the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) gene therapy on bone defects in rabbits. Methods Total RNA was extracted from rabbit bone tissues. VEGF165 cDNA fragment was prepared by reverse transcription and the gene was cloned by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Plasmid pMD18‐T/VEGF165 combined with pcDNA3.1 was cloned to reconstruct pcDNA3.1‐VEGF165 plasmid. Thirty New Zealand white rabbits weighing (2.50±0.13)kg were used to establish models of bone defects (1 cm in length) of the bilateral radii. The bone defects were repaired with absorbable gelatin sponge. After the operation, physiological sodium chloride solution was injected into the injured site in one of the forelegs of the rabbits as the control group, and pcDNA3.1‐VEGF165 plasmid (0.2 ml, 200 ng) was injected into the opposite foreleg as the experiment groups. At weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 after the treatments, the bones were examined by X‐ray, and the specimens of the bone defects were collected, stained with HE, and observed under a light microscope. The expression of VEGF165 mRNA was examined by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ‐PCR). Results The pcDNA3.1‐VEGF165 plasmid with a correct sequence was constructed successfully. Postoperative X‐ray found no difference between the two groups at week 1. In the experiment group, callus and synostosis were observed after 2 weeks, and osteosis structure was normal at week 12; these phenomena occurred much later in the control group. In the experiment group, HE staining showed a large amount of newly formed blood vessels after 2 weeks, a number of bone trabeculae with osteoblasts proliferation at 4 weeks, and fresh bone cortex and reformed medullary cavity at 12 weeks; whereas in the control group these structures formed in later phases. The VEGF165 mRNA in the experiment group was expressed at a low level at week 1, reached the peak at weeks 3, and then decreased to a normal level after 6 weeks. Conclusions Local use of pcDNA3.1‐VEGF165 plasmid at bone defects can upregulate the expression of VEGF165 and accelerate the formation of capillaries and the repair of bone defects. Angiogenesis and osteogenesis can be promoted by a combination of pcDNA3.1‐VEGF165 and gelatin sponge. Chin Med J 2007;120(13):1187–1191


The invention relates to a WAP system automatic test system and a test method. The system and the method can use a corresponding use case maintenance module and a corresponding use case maintenance method to scan automatically a system log so that a new use case is generated, and the use case is not required to be inputted manually; and a use case execution engine, a use case generation engine and an image inspection engine are used to detect automatically a test case, so that time of designing the test case and writing test codes is reduced. The update is convenient and the maintenance cost is reduced.


The net electric field inside low‐pressure glow discharges has been measured using laser optogalvanic spectroscopy of 1s2s 1S0→np1P1 Rydberg series of atomic helium. Three different types of discharges, an inductively coupled RF discharge cell operating at 4 MHz, a homemade DC discharge cell and a commercial see‐through hollow cathode lamp have been used for these studies. The Rydberg series terminates earlier in the high electric field discharge as compared to that in the low electric field discharge. The net electric field also produces shift and broadens the observed spectral lines especially in the high lying Rydberg transitions. The electric field has been determined from the series termination and also from the energy shift of the observed transitions.


Anemone shikokiana is a rare species adapted to two heterogeneous habitats including conifer and broad⁃leaf mixed forest and shrubs of mountaintop at higher than 600 m elevation. In the present study, we chose five sample transects to explore the response mechanism of this species to heterogeneous habitats and altitude gradients. Leaves, which are plant organs with the largest surface area exposed to the sun and air, are the main photosynthetic organs and sensitive organs to environmental changes. The morphology and anatomical structure of the leaves in A. shikokiana were analyzed by the paraffin section method and microscopic technique. We observed the morphological characteristics of the leaves and epidermal hairs, measured the thickness of the leaves and mesophyll tissue, calculated their anatomical indices and stomatal parameters, and analyzed the correlation between these characteristics and the heterogeneous habitats or altitude. Compared with those of leaves from mountaintop shrubs, the density of upper and lower epidermal hairs, specific leaf area, and relative opening of


The dynorphin (DYN) / kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system has increasingly been investigated as a possible pharmacotherapeutic target for the treatment of alcohol use disorder, but findings on the direction of its effects have been mixed. Activation of KORs by DYN has been shown to be able to elicit dysphoric effects, and while the DYN/KOR system has canonically been considered particularly important in driving intake though negative reinforcement in dependent states, this review highlights that its activity may also oppose the positive reinforcement that drives intake in earlier stages. Both DYN and KORs are concentrated in the extended amygdala, a set of interconnected regions that includes the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, central nucleus of the amygdala, and nucleus accumbens shell. This review will focus on the role of the DYN/KOR system in the extended amygdala in ethanol use. It will begin by examining the effects of ethanol on expression of DYN/KOR in the extended amygdala, expression of DYN/KOR in alcohol-preferring and -avoiding animals, and effects of knockout of DYN/KOR on ethanol intake. Then, it will examine the effects on ethanol use in both dependent and non-dependent states from systemic pharmacological manipulations of DYN/KOR and from specific manipulation of this system in regions of the extended amygdala. The hypothesis proposed is that greater expression and binding of DYN/KOR, by reducing the positive reinforcement that drives early stages of intake, initially acts to prevent the escalation of ethanol drinking; however, prolonged, binge-like or intermittent ethanol intake enhances levels of DYN/KOR in the extended amygdala such that the system ultimately facilitates the negative reinforcement that drives later stages of ethanol drinking. This information highlights the potential of the DYN/KOR system to be targeted for different outcomes across different stages of ethanol drinking and the development of alcohol use disorder.


This article highlights some of the areas that would benefit from a closer analysis of the cultures of militarism. It examines how militarism extends beyond the confines of military institutions, and traces how military values and ideals influence and reflect social, political and cultural divisions in Fiji. The concept of articulation informs the discussion of militarism and its cultures in contemporary Fiji. More specifically, the paper examines the cultural dynamics of militarism in Fiji in a period after the military coups of 1987 and before the putsch of 2000, paying particular attention to representations of the military and militarizing processes collected from news media reporting between 1995 and 1996. Prior to pacification, Fijian men kept their weapons near them at all times (Williams, 1982). These habits of preparedness, as well as ideas about acceptable forms of aggression, gender roles, the content of exchange relationships between the living and their ancestors and ancestral gods (for instance, human sacrifice and cannibalistic communion), and the configuration of the social landscape (for instance, the comp osition and placement of villages), were all transformed by the elimination of warfare (Turner, 1997: 370-1). Introduction: Militarism in Fiji Fiji's current defence system consists of an army and a navy. The naval division of the armed forces consists of four Israeli-built fast inshore patrol craft and five assorted naval vessels. Naval personnel in 1997 numbered 275 (Fiji Government, 2000). The army consists of seven infantry battalions. Personnel in 1996 numbered close to 3,796. In the 1990s, more than 800 of these were actively involved in peacekeeping 202 Fijian Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 duties with the United Nations (UN) and the USA-brokered multinational forces and observers in the Middle East. Fiji's international peacekeeping engagements by the UN also extended to Somalia, Rwanda, Bougainville and East Timor. The main engagement in the Middle East was temporarily suspended due to international censure of the Fiji coup of 2000, but has since resumed with deployments to Iraq from 2004. Although the army relies mainly on the recruitment of territorial forces for peacekeeping duties, the distinction between 'territorial' and 'enlisted' forces is sometimes moot, and unofficial estimates of the size of the current standing army is as high as 10,000, making Fiji the most militarized independent nation in the Pacific . The British colonial authorities may have eliminated indigenous or tribal warfare in the Fiji Islands by the end of the nineteenth century, but in spite of so-called pacification, cultures of militarism continued to grow and thrive. As James West Turner suggests in the quote that opens this discussion (above), martial life in pre-colonial Fiji emerged out of deeply embodied notions of masculinity, spirituality, and society. Today, the cultures that thrive in Fiji are permeated by militarized discourse and symbolism. The road from the main international airport in Nadi to the capital city of Suva, some four hours drive away, has for slightly more than a decade been punctuated by gigantic concrete replicas of indigenous war clubs or i wau to identify state-recognized Fijian villages. The i wau have been erected in a collaborative effort between the Fiji Visitors Bureau (FVB) and the Public Works Department (PWD); an effort to indigenize and exoticize village scenographies that are often resistant to such viewings. To most observers, the i wau might seem to be innocent gateposts marking ones entry or exit from a village; the significance of 'the gateposts' being modelled on a type of club that may have once been wielded with deadly precision in battle or wielded with gusto in a dance glorifying war, might get lost in the promotional hoopla of the FVB. On one hand there is a weighty permanence given to the i wau by the PWD steel reenforcing of the concrete. But on the other hand the PWD's chronic failure to maintain its constructions renders shabby these ambiguous symbols of indigenous Fijian culture (or is it hospitality, aggression or indifference that is being signified?). Either way such layering of i ndigenous and modern semiotics, indicate a need for close attention to the cultures of militarism in post and inter-coup(s) Fiji. While the i wau is becoming ubiquitous, as it is increasingly adopted into the official iconography of indigenous Fijian organizations, there are other areas that show evidence of the robust life of militarist metaphor. As sociologist Sitiveni Ratuva has noted: Militarism and Masculinities in Fiji during the Mid 1990s 203 The Fijian language is full of militaristic terminology such as katuvu, rabocaka, i valu, 'fire -taka' etc., which are used in everyday discourse, and even used as language in the sexual domain. These are both militaristic and masculine representations....The term liga ni wau (literally the hand that wields the club) is also used widely in everyday discourse. After the (2 November 2000) mutiny, Qarase congratulated 'our liga ni wau' (soldiers) for being loyal to the 'vanua ko Viti'. When I came back from England, my village chief during the ceremony referred to me as 'our liga ni wau' who went to England to 'ravuravu' (do battle) and now he has come back with 'qaqa' (victory). Fijian ceremonial language is full of war metaphors (Personal Co m-


The reuse of urban reclaimed water in flue gas desulfurization(FGD) system will effectively alleviate the shortage of freshwater resources in power plants.Based on the comparison and analysis of quality requirements on reclaimed water and process water in FGD,it is feasible to use urban reclaimed water as process water in FGD.As a result of the change of process water source,the risk of equipment corrosion may increase because of the higher salt content and chemical oxygen demand(COD) in process water.To ensure the reuse economy and safety,it is necessary to limit the salt content and COD in reclaimed water,adjust the reuse way reasonably and strengthen the disinfection of reclaimed water.


High-order harmonic generation (HHG) from nonadiabatically aligned molecules [1,2] provides an effective tool for studying structures and dynamics of gas phase molecules, where the angle-dependent harmonic yield around the molecular axis is the key to deduce the characteristic properties of a single molecule. The harmonic distribution observed in the HHG experiment, however, always includes some broadening of the molecular axis distribution that blurs the shape of a single molecule, due to the imperfect alignment of molecules.


Soil is one of the most valuable resources, and acts as a habitat for soil dwelling organisms and a medium for plant growth. Anthropogenic climate change has jeopardized the global soil resources and has put at risk the crop productivity. The Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) is one of the most extensive fluvial plain in the world and sustains millions of people. Considering the importance of alluvial soils of the Indo-Gangetic plain, the present study was undertaken to understand the extent of weathering, elemental geochemistry and the present environmental status of alluvial soils of Kukrail Reserve Forest (KRF), Lucknow. Ten sites were chosen to collect 26 soil samples at different depths from each site. Apart from geochemical and mineralogical analysis, general soil chemical properties like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), percent base saturation (PBS) and soil organic matter (SOM) were analysed. Grain size analysis suggests that the soil samples consist mainly of silt. Minerals identified were quartz, feldspar, calcite, dolomite, muscovite, microcline, oligoclase and chlorite/kaolinite. Major and trace element geochemistry data of the soil samples show similarity with the upper continental crust (UCC), except for the depletion in some mobile elements like Ca, Mg and Sr, which were mobilized during weathering. Weathering is one of the most important processes that releases essential nutrients in the soil. Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) shows that the soil samples have gone through moderate chemical weathering having CIA values ranging from 64.8 to 73.9. On the basis of results of general soil tests, it could be inferred that these soil samples are slightly alkaline in nature with an average pH of 7.7. EC values (0.017 to 0.307 dS/m) of all soil samples lie in the safe category (0 to 2 dS/m). All samples lie in the safe range for plant growth in terms of CEC and PBS. SOM in the soil samples has an average value of 3.1%. It was observed that soil pH, CEC, CIA and clay mineral abundance show an increasing trend with depth at most of the sampling sites in Kukrail Reserve Forest. On the other hand, soil EC and soil organic matter shows a decreasing trend with depth in the majority of the sampling locations.


A concentrated aqueous composition, homogeneous, stable herbicidal large force comprising: (a) water, (b) an amine salt of glilosato, and (e) an amine salt of 2.4 to 0, in which ( i) the amine salt of glyphosate and salt ami ne of 2.4 to 0 are independently alkylamine salts, alkanolamine or primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary alkyl alkanolamine wherein the alkyl groups contain yalcanolestan saturated and C1-C3 atoms individually carbon, provided that no more than oneof the amine salts in the composition may be a primary amine salt, (ii) the composition contains a cargade ingredient total assets of at least 350 Gaell salt ami na glilosato and the amine salt from 2.4 to 0, (iii) weight larelacion salt glilosato ami ne of the amine salt of 2.4 to 0 is 1: 2.3 to 2, 3: 1, and (iv) the pH is 8.0 6.0A.


ABSTRACT The reinforcement of natural and artificial fiber-oriented woven fabrics with thermosetting polymers is getting popularity nowadays. The hybridization of natural hemp with glass could facilitate the developed composite panels to be a potential candidate for automotive parts. Both hemp and glass-woven fabrics were treated with greenly synthesized silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) obtained from Tilia cordata leaf extracts and then composited by using thermosetting epoxy resin. Three composite panels were developed from five consecutive layers of glass- and hemp-woven fabrics (sequence is glass, hemp, glass, hemp, glass); in two of them the fabrics were loaded with 1% and 5% AgNPs, respectively, the third one was prepared without any nanosilver loading. The presence of green AgNP was tested and confirmed by using XRF (X-ray fluorescence) and ICP OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy) test. The developed hybrid composites were characterized for thermal, mechanical, physical, and morphological performance and found satisfactory results. Statistical analysis of the test results also confirmed the positive influence of nanosilver loading on hybrid composites. However, the developed biocomposite panels could facilitate the industrial production units with most advanced, feasible, and multi-functional laminated products. Graphical Abstract


There are some problems in HV house-service power switching in high rate power thermal power generation unit in some power plants in Gansu, China. The problems have brought difficulty for stably transforming house-service load and damage for large sized auxiliary machine. It has possibility to extend the event in house-service power. In this paper, some problems in protection 6kVBZT and its circuit wiring are analyzed based on the security, reliability , economy and stable operation of generation equipment, and its solving scheme is proposed for discussion.


In recent years,gasoline quality problems frequently reported in the newspaper.It is not only causing the loss of property of the national oil company,and more important is its reputation which seriously affected.Post hoc analysis found that many quality accidents are due to improper use of non-standard oil gasoline antiknock.This paper describes that the development course of antiknock and its mechanism in detail.Finally,Impact on the quality of gasoline are discussed.


In order to solve the problem of locating acoustic emission source in rock-mass,wavelet transform is applied into the acoustic emission signals to filtering some noise,which leads to the feature will be more obvious.Then a quick three-dimension acoustic location algorithm is used to calculate the position of acoustic source in a good precision.The results of a numbers of experiment indicated that the presented method is good for effectively judging acoustic emission signal,can make the locating of acoustic emission source become more efficient,quick and exact.


Direct marketing is a rapidly maturing industry. With increased consumer interest and use of direct marketing, the industry is becoming more competitive and is turning from a selling mode to one involving a more sophisticated marketing orientation. With this change it is necessary to better understand consumer attitudes, needs, beliefs and behavior in order to fine-tune products and services and the ways in which they are offered. This article reviews the options, methods, and effects of marketing research for the industry with emphasis on how the smaller direct marketing company can benefit. Under review is a complete range of research techniques that the direct marketer can consider, from simple qualitative research to the use of database analysis and augmentation and beyond to more sophisticated applications of segmentation analysis and expert systems drawing on actual examples as appropriate.


EPCC for the Suhar Refinery Improvement Project in Oman

 The Suhar Refinery Improvement Project is one of the largest oil and gas projects ever awarded in Oman. Valued at US$ 2.1 billion, this was truly a 'mega project in region' and was executed by Petrofac in Joint Venture with Daelim and successfully completed in 2017.

 Petrofac and Daelim provided a turnkey Engineering, Procurement and Construction and Commissioning (EPCC) solution, which involved upgrades and improvements at the existing facility as well as the addition of new refining units. Delivered through a lump-sum turnkey model, Petrofac leveraged more than three decades of EPC expertise in Oman to shape its local delivery and reduce supply chain costs. Petrofac formed an integrated team with its partner Daelim, the client and JV partners to create a seamless approach, this included a focus group initiative toward flawless start-up as well as the utilisation of common systems, procedures and processes.

 On completion Sohar's existing output increased by more than 70% to exceed 185,000 barrels per day as well as significantly improving environmental performance. The project's safety performance was exemplary, achieving more than 53 million man-hours without a lost time incident, with a peak project manpower of 14,000.
 The creation of In-Country Value (ICV) was a guiding principle throughout, involving the training and development of Omani nationals and the support of local supply chains. The Suhar Refinery Improvement Project was on the winning nomination list that aided ORPIC to win the ICV Strategy Award in 2016. Resourcing was a critical component of the project both in terms of manpower levels required and the drive towards ICV.

 This paper aims to showcase the ability of major contractors to work in unison, sharing knowledge and capabilities, to reduce the challenges faced in the execution of mega projects; as well as the role of local content in successful implementation of major projects enabling the development of a capable local workforce.


Compliance with preventive measures when determining the degree of nutrition of lower extremity tissue segments in the case of patients having diabetic foot syndrome shall be regarded within a comprehensive approach epidemiological safety and diagnostic information content. Inclusion in the patient examination algorithm of non-invasive methods ultrasound Doppler study, elastography, elastometry allows to receive a true pattern of current disorders, as well as to prevent from the development of infectious complications which may develop in the case of angiographic study.


This paper highlights the empirical interaction between solvency and liquidity risks of banks that make them particularly vulnerable to an aggregate crisis. I find that banks lose their access to short-term funding when markets expect they will be insolvent in a crisis. Conversely, the expected amount of capital a bank should raise to remain solvent in a crisis (its capital shortfall) increases when the bank holds more short-term debt (has a larger exposure to funding liquidity risk). This solvency-liquidity nexus is found to be strong under many robustness checks and to contain useful information for forecasting the short-term balance sheet of banks. The results suggest that the solvency-liquidity interaction should be accounted for when designing liquidity and capital requirements, in contrast to Basel III regulation where solvency and liquidity risks are treated separately.


The inverse problem of the scattering theory for Sturm–Liouville operator on the half line with boundary condition depending quadratic on the spectral parameter is considered. Scattering data are defined, some properties of the scattering data are examined, the main equation is obtained, solvability of the integral equation is proved and uniqueness of algorithm to the potential with given scattering data is studied. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The invention relates to solar energy focusing utilization, in particular to a thermal power generating system which is used for realizing solar energy collection by solar mirrors adopting dot focusing and is applied in fixed dot array solar focusing. The thermal power generating system comprises at least one or one group of solar mirrors adopting dot focusing, at least one solar photo-thermal converter and a tracking control device, wherein the solar mirrors are arranged on a solar mirror bracket, the solar photo-thermal converters are arranged in a dotted region focused by the solar mirrors, and the focus lengths of the solar mirrors vary in the solar tracking process and are always kept in the dotted regions of the solar photo-thermal converters; and the sunlight is focused by the solar mirrors to at least one solar photo-thermal converter under the control of the tracking control device when the sunlight varies, the solar photo-thermal converters do not move with the solar mirrors in the solar tracking process of the solar mirrors, the solar photo-thermal converters are kept static relative to the ground, and the tracking and focusing utilization of solar energy is realized.


Organic invention provides an organic platinum compound for the manufacture of a platinum thin film or a platinum compound thin film by chemical vapor deposition, represented by the following formula, the bivalent platinum, hexadiene or hexadiene derivatives, and the alkyl anion coordinated it is a platinum compound. In the following formulas, the R R Platinum compounds according to the present invention, the stability is good, excellent handling properties also good practical since it does not occur generation of toxic substances during film formation. Also, high vapor pressure, is capable of film formation at low temperatures, it is useful as easy CVD material is deposited to the three-dimensional structure. [Formula 1]


Social exclusion of marginalized populations is an intractable problem of global relevance. Breaking the Exclusion Cycle develops a theory of how individual behaviors contribute to its persistence, and presents a possible solution. The book introduces the "exclusion cycle," which consists of four parts. Antiminority culture gives rise to discrimination by members of the majority. Members of the minority anticipate maltreatment and develop survival strategies. Members of the majority often disapprove of minority's survival strategies, ethnicize them, and attribute them to the minority as such, and not the discrimination. Such attribution errors feed the existing anti-minority culture and the cycle repeats. The empirical portion of the book is centered on the social exclusion of Roma (derogatively known as "Gypsies") in Slovenia, which the book uses to illustrate the theory and to offer evidence that the vicious cycle can be broken. Specifically, the findings in the book suggest that Roma-led, NGO-promoted dialogue and intergroup contact strategies can help reduce non-Roma discrimination against the Roma. The empirics in the book rest on original evidence collected over twelve months of fieldwork. The centerpieces are two lab-infield experiments, one involving a trust game and one involving the public goods game administered via original videogame. The experiments capture discriminatory behavior by non-Roma and survival strategies by Roma, and are supplemented by interviews, field observations, and surveys. While the empirics focus on Roma and non-Roma, the theory as well as the implications of the findings apply to other cases of marginalized populations.


The invention discloses an airwave pressure therapeutic apparatus. The therapeutic apparatus comprises an air compressor and one or more air-bag cavities which are connected to the outlet end of the air compressor, the apparatus further comprises solenoid valves, the number of the solenoid valves equals to that of the air-bag cavities, the air-bag cavities are in parallel connection with one another and connected to the outlet end of the air compressor, and each solenoid valve is in series connection between the corresponding air-bag cavity and the air compressor. By means of the apparatus, venous blood and lymphatic fluid which are silted can be further promoted to flow back, the blood circulation of a diseased position can be effectively improved, pains and inflammation factors can be effectively released, and the effusion absorption can be promoted.


Through this work, an analysis of the royalty regime established in articles 360 and 361 of the Political Constitution of 1991, as amended by Legislative Act 05 of 2011, will be carried out in order to verify whether the objectives identified in the explanatory statement of the draft legislative act that originated it, have been reached, taking into account that the new system began to apply from January 1, 2012, through transitional Decree 4923 of 2011.

The explanatory statement is found in Draft Legislative Act No. 13 of 2010, a document in which three objectives of the constitutional amendment were proposed, namely: 1) Generate savings for times of scarcity, promote the countercyclical nature of economic policy , and keep public spending stable over time; 2) Establish an investment mechanism for mining-energy income that prioritizes its distribution to the poorest population and contributes to social equity and; 3) Recognition of underground resources as a property of all Colombians, to favor the regional development of all departments and municipalities, strengthening the integration of various territorial entities in pursuit of common projects, promoting coordination and investment planning of resources and prioritization of large development projects.

The proposed methodology will review the regulatory modification, identifying the structural changes made to the SGR, the ability to achieve the expected effect, that is, the objectives proposed in the explanatory memorandum, will be verified, mostly analyzing studies and official data generated by State Entities (MHCP, DNP, SGR, DANE, BR, among others.)


This paper examines the wage premium of being located inside the Central Business Centre (CBD) or employment sub-centres in the metropolitan area of Bogota. Then, following literature on spatial mismatching, analyses potential impacts of agglomerations on social and productive exclusion. The core argument is that socially or productively excluded groups in Bogota do not benefit from positive externalities arising from agglomerations because they face multiple spatial barriers that prevent their effective access. Based on spatial statistics and estimations, I find an elasticity or 'wage premium' close to 6% and huge disparities between UPZs and municipalities in the metropolitan area of Bogota. This means, CBD and employment sub-centres in Bogota work as exclusive locations. Consequently, policies should be focused on increasing strategic accessibility through housing, transport, economic development through land-use regulations and institutional arrangements.


Interparticle force measurements have been performed upon various configurations of linear chains and planar layers of chrome steel balls immersed in a steady uniform applied magnetic field. These force measurements, made for particles in contact and at various separations, reveal that the attractive forces are enhanced in the case of particle chains parallel to the applied magnetic field and slightly decreased in the case of perpendicular layers. The magnetic saturation exhibited by the steel balls has only a modest effect on the force. Experimental data obtained for two‐particle chains correlate reasonably well to force calculations based upon a linear multipolar expansion using a relative particle permeability value of μr=100. It is also found that data obtained with longer linear chains as well as with planar particle arrays do not deviate drastically from the predictions of the two‐sphere problem.


The results of experimental studies of MRAM technology based on standard magnetic tunneling junctions are presented. Basic steps of experimental fabrication of MRAM cell are considered. Experimental samples of MTJ with variable lateral sizes are fabricated. Current-voltage characteristics of the tunnel barriers are investigated. Main parameters of the tunnel barriers are estimated from comparison of the experimental data with the theory.


We propose a character recognition system to extract the component reference names from printed circuit boards (PCBs) automatically. The names are written in horizontal, vertical, reverse-horizontal and reverse-vertical directions. Also various symbols and figures are included in PCBs. To recognize the character and orientation effectively, we divide the recognizer into two stages: character classification stage and orientation classification stage. The character classification stage consists of two sub-recognizers and a verifier. The rotaion-invarint features of input pattern are then used to identify the character independent of orientation. Each recognizer is implemented as a neural network, and the weight values of verifier are obtained by genetic algorithm. In the orientation classification stage, the input pattern is compared with reference patterns to identify the orientation. Experimental results are presented to verify the usefulness of the proposed system.


The dependence on the small parameter e of constants in Korn's inequalities is investigated for domains which are obtained by joining thin rods to an elastic spatial body. The external ends of the rods are clamped. The asymptotic accuracy of the derived inequalities is achieved by certain distribution of weight multipliers and powers of in L 2 -norms of displacements and their derivatives while the introduced weights differ for longitudinal and transversal components of displacement fields in the rods.


Mathematics textbooks are by far the most commonly used didactic tool in classroom teaching. Currently, there is very limited research into how teacher guides, accompanying these textbooks, support ...


During the course of constructing Chinese socialism modernization under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping, he totally succeeded the essence of thoughts of ruling by moral and law from the theory of Chinese traditional ruling. At the same time, according to the demand of social development, he combined it with the practice of modernization progress. Thereby, the creative transition from the traditional ruling to the modern's realized successively, which made his thinking of ruling provided with more extensive visual field.


We have demonstrated that fifth-order stimulated Raman spectra of the intermolecular modes in CS2 are dominated by cascading third-order processes. Previous studies have successfully discriminated against a sequential cascading process, but did not account for parallel third-order cascades. All of our measured spectra were successfully simulated considering only cascades built directly from our measured third-order spectra. Using an appropriately chosen phase matching geometry we also measured the sequential cascade, which should exist with equal probability to the parallel cascade. When employing a phase matching geometry that provided substantial discrimination against all of the third-order cascades we were not able to measure any signal. We assign an upper limit for the true fifth-order signal of 2% of the cascaded signal.


The major environmental problem that pose serious threat today includes solid waste disposal, waste water management, corrosion, fouling, deforestation, pollution due to xenobiotic, heavy metals, toxic chemicals, industrial emission, automobile emission, oil spills, faucal coli forms, viruses and other contagious micro organisms. These problems deny a clean and healthy environment for living. Rapid industrialization, population growth and urbanization, sophistication in life style and unlimited use of synthetic chemicals are of specific concerns among others in contributing to overall environmental problems. We are at a critical juncture, compelled to devise and adopt suitable remedial measures to solve these issues for having a healthy environment through a total sanitation drive related to solid waste management, liquid waste management, safe disposal of human excreta, and provision of safe drinking water, personal hygiene, home sanitation and community sanitation In earlier days waste did not create many problems to the community as the quantity of waste generated was within the assimilative capacity of nature. Today the scenario is quite different and the urban environment all over the world posses serious threat that from excessive generation on solid waste.. A major chunk of solid waste generated in cities and townships remain unattended, causing health hazards or nuisance to the inhabitants. Sanitation workers provide an essential public service but often at the cost of their dignity, safety, health, and living conditions. They are some of the most vulnerable workers. They are far too often invisible, unquantified, and ostracized, and many of the challenges they face stem from this fundamental lack of acknowledgment. Sanitation workers are exposed to serious occupational and environmental health hazards risking illness, injury, and death. (World Bank Report 2019)


A new treatment of series of K-shell fluorescence yields omega , traces systematic differences between those series which have overlapping ranges of atomic numbers Z. From 257 experimental values, which have been corrected for the observed systematic differences, accurate average omega values are obtained for 62 elements (3<or=Z<or=98). The resulting accuracy is about four times better than the accuracy of the empirical omega values previously recommended in the literature. Unknown fluorescence yields may be found by interpolation in a (modified) empirical diagram of omega (Z). Local systematic deviations (of a few per cent) from a three-parameter relation for omega (Z) appear to depend on the outer-shell configuration of the elements concerned.


Is an account of the author's experiences as a library user on the first day of opening of the British Library at its new St Pancras site, 24 November 1997. Rates the services available favourably, and provides suggested further reading on the opening of the library, and the background to it.


Guangxi provicne is located in the southwest of china,with vulnerable ecological system,serious soil erosion,expanding desertification,high frequency of natural calamity,serious loss of biodiversity.The growing ecological and environmental problems prevent Guangxi economic stable development.As a result,it is really needed to establish ecological compensation mechanism.At present,Guangxi has achieved some success in ecological compensation.However,there are still problems such as no perfect laws and regulations,single compensation standards and form and lacking of the compensation funding sources.In order to improve ecological compensation mechanism in Guangxi,the corresponding regulations and regional ecological compensation standard should be estaldished and ecological compensation taxes should be collected.


A discussion of the aforementioned article, published in this journal (Volume 19, No. 1, February 2005) is presented. The discusser is concerned that the article has shortcomings in the nondestructive testing steps used for bridge evaluation. Specifically, the criteria used to determine which bridges are poor condition needs to consider the difficulty of getting accurate condition evaluations by using visual inspections, and the fact that using a classical deterioration models to assign the inspected component a condition rating minimizes the advantages of nondestructive evaluation. The authors address the issues presented by the discusser.


Large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds with 7 or more rings, such as coronene, can be problematic in petroleum refining processes, where they build up over time and eventually enhance coke formation. In this work, large PAH molecules were characterized in a recycling stream returning the distillation bottoms of a commercial hydrocracking reactor back into the unit. High performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) methods were in good agreement on PAH compounds extracted with DMSO, which provided a selective way to determine PAH with up to 10 aromatic rings. However, after Soxhlet extraction with pentane PAH compounds with up to 14 aromatic rings were tentatively identified using FT-ICR MS, extending the naphthalene zig-zag pattern. With the characterization method established, solvent extraction, solvent precipitation, and adsorption processes were tested to remove the problematic, large PAH compounds from the recycle stream....


The Lanner Falcon is a tropical/mediterranean species found in Italy only as its European ssp. Feldeggii and estimated at 160-200 pairs (Brichetti & Fracasso, 2003). Our country is its western limit in Europe and we can see it from Sicily to Emilia Romagna. In this region there are 0/3 pairs at the moment (G.Premuda, pers.com.) It is mainly sedentary but juvenile and immature birds straggle within the breeding range. As for the north-eastern regions in Italy, it had never been seen in Valle d'Aosta while there is one bird caught in Liguria, near Genoa (Giogini & Truffi, 1990). In Piedmont there are only 3 official records, all within the Cuneo province: One falcon caught near Neive in January 1912 (Boano e Mingozzi, 1985) One immature seen from 9 March to 2 April on the Stura river in the Fossano area (link – Caula et.al., 2005) One juvenile seen in August 2005 in Valle Stura (Caula et.al., 2005)


A circuit for an electronic sensor of motor vehicle safety devices having an acceleration detector (PE) the output signal of which can be transmitted to an evaluation circuit connected after a final stage (38) for releasing the safety device. A signal generator (34-32-30) is provided for generating a test signal that can be applied to the acceleration detector (PE), the output signal of which can be supplied to a comparator (22-24-26). A checking process for dynamically checking the acceleration detector (PE) comprises generating a test signal, applying it to the acceleration detector (PE) and analysing the behaviour in time of the output signal of the acceleration detector. Another process for dynamically checking the acceleration detector is based on the analysis of the behaviour in time of the output signal of the acceleration detector during its transient response after the supply voltage (US) is switched on.


CIGARETTE SMOKE, DNA DAMAGE AND REPAIR IN HUMAN CERVICAL AND VAGINAL CELLS IN VITRO AND EX VIVO Afsoon Moktar September 17, 2010 Among gynecological malignancies, carcinoma of the cervix is the leading cancer type worldwide. Conversely, vaginal tumors account for an incidence of approximately 1-2% of lower genital tract malignancies. Interestingly, the major shared risk factor among women with cervical and vaginal tumors is infection with cancer-associated human papillomaviruses (HPVs). In fact, HPV infection is the necessary causative factor in the development and progression of cervical and vaginal neoplasia in the majority of cases. Epidemiological studies support that cervical and vaginal pre-cancerous lesions that are initiated by HPV infection generally regress in the absence of known risk factors such as cigarette smoking. Further, female smokers have two times higher risk of developing cervical cancer from premalignant lesions than non-smokers, although the association between cigarette smoking and vaginal tumors has been controversial. Cigarette smoking exerts its cytogenetic effects in


Different amount of W were added into wear-resistant and heat-resistant steel.The effects of W on microstructure,hardness and wear resistance of the steel were researched by microstructure observation,hardness test and wear resistance test.The results show that the cast structure of the sample is austenite + a spot of ferrite + carbide.WC and W2C are dispersively distributed in austenite matrix.Compared with the sample without W,the hardness of the sample with 1.51% W is increased by 34.44%,the wear resistance is increased by 35.58%.


The purpose of this paper is to produce a class of nonsemisimple Banach algebras with a unique norm topology. That is, a class of Banach algebras such that each member B of the class has the property that any two Banach algebra norms on B are equivalent (cf. [9, Chapter II]). (Throughout this paper, an algebra will denote any commutative algebra over the complex field C which possesses an identity e.) To do this, we investigate an algebraic extension of a semisimple algebra A which is similar to the Arens-Hoffman extension of a normed algebra (cf. [1]). We let a(x) be a monic polynomial in A [x], the algebra of all polynomials in the indeterminate x with coefficients in A, and denote by (a(x)) the principal ideal in A [xI generated by a(x). If B =A [xI/ (a(x)) is a Banach algebra with respect to some norm, then A is a normed algebra with respect to the norm on B restricted to A and we ask whether or not A is a closed subalgebra of B. If for any Banach algebra norm on B, A is a closed subalgebra of B, then we show that B has a unique norm topology. The main result of this paper is that if A is a regular (in the language of [9], completely regular), semisimple Banach algebra and if a (x) is any monic polynomial in A [x], then B =A [x]/(a(x)) has a unique norm topology, where B is the Arens-Hoffman extension of A. (See below for a discussion of the Arens-Hoffman extension.) An example is given which shows that the condition of semisimplicity is essential. It is an open question whether or not the main result is true if A is not a regular Banach algebra. In the event that A is a semisimple Banach algebra, a(x) is a monic polynomial in A [x] and B =A [x]/(a(x)) is semisimple, then by [9, Corollary 2.5.18], B has a unique norm topology. Therefore our results have meaning only if B is not semisimple. R. Arens and K. Hoffman have shown that if the discriminant d of a(x) is not a zero divisor in A, then B is semisimple [1, Theorem 4.3]. (See [1, p. 207] for the definition of d.) The converse of this latter result is also valid


Certain important aspects of experimental design for the measurement of permeation time lags are considered, with particular reference to downstream desorption time lags of permanent gases permeating through microporous plugs. Some problems of earlier designs are discussed, a new one is given and its performance in practice is illustrated.


Life undergoes in many stages. Menopause is one of the significant stages in lifespan. During this stage, women undergo rapid changes in bio-psychosocial sphere of health. Due to decreased estrogen in women causes many deficiencies like changes in sexual urge and physically 'osteoarthritis'. Many research studies and clinical trials support the significant linkage between these two variables. Hormone replacement therapy is one of the treatment modalities to reduce morbidity and mortality.


Asymmetric bias toward abrupt global warming events occurs throughout most of the past 66 million years. The history of Earth's climate and carbon cycle is preserved in deep-sea foraminiferal carbon and oxygen isotope records. Here, we show that the sub-million-year fluctuations in both records have exhibited negatively skewed non-Gaussian tails throughout much of the Cenozoic era (66 Ma to present), suggesting an intrinsic asymmetry that favors "hyperthermal-like" extreme events of abrupt global warming and oxidation of organic carbon. We show that this asymmetry is quantitatively consistent with a general mechanism of self-amplification that can be modeled using stochastic multiplicative noise. A numerical climate–carbon cycle model in which the amplitude of random biogeochemical fluctuations increases at higher temperatures reproduces the data well and can further explain the apparent pacing of past extreme warming events by changes in orbital parameters. Our results also suggest that, as anthropogenic warming continues, Earth's climate may become more susceptible to extreme warming events on time scales of tens of thousands of years.


Fire-resistant, granular material composition for self-hardening molding by acid hardening, comprising a refractory granular material, a binder containing an acid-hardening resin selected from furan resin and phenol-modified furan resin, an acidic curing agent, and 0.01 to 0.15 wt .-%, based on the composition, of at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of (1) alcohols, (2) ether alcohols and (3) esters which are shown below: R wherein: R R R n is an integer from 1 to 12; R and R is.


Danburite (CaB2Si2O8) is a naturally occurring borosilicate mineral that is a crystalline analog of borosilicate glass. Using two-dimensional correlation electron spin echo envelope modulation spectroscopy, we determined the structure of the prevalent radiation-induced defect, boron oxygen hole center, in this mineral. The hole is trapped by nonbridging oxygen in a strongly distorted −O3B–O––BO3− linkage; the precursor of the hole center is a Ca2+ vacancy. These results and computer modeling suggest that in borosilicate glasses, the hole center is the same >B–O⋅ radical as in alkali borate glasses. We suggest that a >B–O− unit near a cation vacancy is the precursor of hole centers in both types of glasses.


Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) clinical trials have shown that mean DAS28 calculated using C-reactive protein (CRP) is lower than DAS28 calculated using erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). We demonstrated that DAS28-CRP cutoffs equivalent to DAS28-ESR for remission and low disease activity (LDA) were 2.4 and 2.9, respectively, rather than 2.6 and 3.2.1 Use of DAS28-ESR cutoffs to assess high disease activity (HDA) using DAS28-CRP likely underestimates the number of patients with HDA, although these values are often used interchangeably in clinical trials, and by payers and health organizations, probably excluding patients who should be eligible for advanced therapies. Objectives To analyze baseline (BL) data from 2 etanercept (ETN) clinical trials to determine the DAS28-CRP cutoff corresponding to the validated DAS28-ESR cutoff for HDA in RA. Methods Data were pooled from COMET and PRIZE, clinical studies in early moderate to severe RA. Descriptive statistics for DAS28-CRP and DAS28-ESR were determined for each treatment: weekly ETN 50 mg + methotrexate (MTX) or MTX only. DAS28-CRP and DAS28-ESR were compared according to the DAS28-ESR cutoff point for HDA (>5.1) using sensitivity, specificity, kappa coefficients, and proportion of discordance. Based on the DAS28-ESR cutoff, the corresponding DAS28-CRP cutoff was determined for each study and treatment group using cumulative distribution plots, receiver operator curves, and maximum concordance. These DAS28-CRP cutoffs were averaged for each study and treatment, then averaged overall. This produced the DAS28-CRP HDA cutoff corresponding best to the DAS28-ESR HDA cutoff. Results At BL, fewer patients met the value of >5.1 by DAS28-CRP than by DAS28-ESR (table). DAS28-CRP >5.1 and DAS28-ESR >5.1 had modest agreement (kappa coefficients of 0.45 and 0.53), with high sensitivity but low specificity. In the ETN+MTX group (N=571), mean (95% CI) DAS28-CRP and DAS28-ESR were 5.7 (5.6, 5.8) and 6.2 (6.2, 6.3), respectively, with a difference of 0.6 (0.5, 0.6). In the MTX group (N=262), mean (95% CI) DAS28-CRP and DAS28-ESR were 6.0 (5.9, 6.1) and 6.5 (6.4, 6.6), respectively, with a difference of 0.5 (0.5, 0.6). We determined that DAS28-CRP of 4.6 was similar to DAS28-ESR of 5.1.Table 1. Statistical measures comparing DAS28-CRP >5.1 and DAS28-ESR >5.1 at baseline, pooled data DAS28-CRP >5.1 DAS28-ESR >5.1 Proportion of discordance between parameters Sensitivity Specificity Kappa coefficient P-value ETN+MTX 394/571 (69.0) 486/571 (85.1) 98/571 (17.2) 99.2% 46.3% 0.532 <0.0001 MTX 204/262 (77.9) 243/263 (92.4) 38/262 (14.5) 100.0% 34.5% 0.450 <0.0001 Sensitivity and specificity based on standard DAS28-CRP >5.1. P-value from kappa test of agreement between DAS28-CRP >5.1 and DAS28-ESR >5.1. Values are n/N (%) unless otherwise noted. Conclusions More patients met the HDA cutoff according to DAS28-ESR than DAS28-CRP, and mean values for DAS28-CRP were lower, suggesting that use of the DAS28-ESR cutoff for DAS28-CRP for HDA underestimates disease activity. Use of the new HDA cutoff of >4.6 for DAS28-CRP, and the new DAS28-CRP cutoffs of ≤2.9 for LDA and <2.4 for remission will enable more accurate measurement of disease activity when DAS28-CRP is used.1 References Fleischmann R, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74:1132–7. Disclosure of Interest R. Fleischmann Consultant for: Pfizer, D. van der Heijde Consultant for: AbbVie, Amgen, Astellas, AstraZeneca, BMS, Celgene, Daiichi, Eli-Lilly, Galapagos, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, UCB, Employee of: Director of Imaging Rheumatology bv, P. Gardiner: None declared, A. Szumski Employee of: inVentiv Health, L. Marshall Shareholder of: Pfizer, Employee of: Pfizer, E. Bananis Shareholder of: Pfizer, Employee of: Pfizer


To investigate determinants of the public's perceptions of disease threat, in 2015 we conducted a randomized survey experiment in the Netherlands. Adults who read a mock news article describing average +or extreme outcomes from a hypothetical influenza pandemic were more influenced by average than by extreme case information. Presenting both types of information simultaneously appeared counterproductive.


Few data are available linking fast food intake and anthropometric risk factors in developing countries. This study was conducted to determine the association between anthropometric risk factors and the fast food consumption of college girl students.This cross-sectional study was done among 96college going girls selected from 2 different colleges in CCS HAU, Hisar. Fast food consumption information wascollected using a food frequency questionnaire. It was found that average fast food consumption is 13.73 meals/week and 11.35 meals/week by Home Science college students and Agriculture college students respectively. Baked products, namkeen, chips, sweets and ice cream are the most popular fast foodsconsumed among college students. Around 81 per cent of the students were of normal weight, 12.5 per cent were under weight and 6.25 per cent were overweight. There was no significant association between fast food consumption and anthropometric risk factors found in this study.


Abstract With the drive to cast higher quality, many minimills are adopting mould powder as a lubricant for the continous casting of steel billets. Over the past three decades considerable experience has been accumulated on the relationship between mould behaviour and billet quality for oil lubrication, but comparatively few studies have been conducted for mould powder lubrication. This study, conducted at a Canadian minimill, involved instrumenting four faces of a copper mould with thermocouples and monitoring mould temperatures during casting of 208 × 208 mm billets with mould flux lubrication. Billet samples were also taken to coincide with periods of measurements. Mould temperatures were monitored for two different mould powder compositions, for different mould oscillation frequencies, two mould cooling water velocities, and a range of steel compositions. An inverse heat conduction model was developed to calculate mould heat transfer from the measured temperatures. In this paper, which is the first part of a two part series, details of the inverse heat conduction model and mould heat transfer data are presented. The results obtained for mould flux lubrication have been compared with those for mould heat transfer for oil lubrication. For peritectic steels, with carbon content in the range 0·12–0·14%, it was found that lubricant type has little influence on the measured mould heat flux distribution at the centreline of a face. The peak mould heat flux was found to be approximately 2500 kW m-2 . In contrast, for medium carbon steels, mould heat transfer with mould powder was significantly lower than when oil was employed as a lubricant. For instance, at the meniscus, the peak heat flux with mould powder was approximately 2500 kW m-2 , which was half that recorded with oil as a lubricant. The influence of oscillation frequency, mould cooling water velocity, and mould powder type on mould heat flux has also been presented.


Page 22 of 25 A new cellular type in invertebrates: first evidence of telocytes in leech Hirudo medicinalis Laura Pulze1, Miriam Capri2, Annalisa Grimaldi1, Stefano Salvioli2, Gianluca Tettamanti1, Magda de Eguileor1* 1University of Insubria, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, 21100 Varese, Italy 2University of Bologna, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), 40126 Bologna, Italy


Reasonable evaluation of the transformation efficiency of resource-based cities can provide a reliable basis for correcting factor misallocation and optimizing factor allocation. This study improves the directional distance function from the aspects of direction vector endogeneity, relative distance and exogenous weight. Based on the improved model, the data of China's prefecture-level cities from 2003 to 2018 are used to measure and compare the transformation efficiency of resource-based cities and non-resource-based cities. By setting different exogenous weights, the transformation efficiency considering the total factor and the transformation efficiency only considering the energy factor are obtained. Further comparative analysis shows that the two transformation efficiencies of resource-based cities are lower than those of non-resource-based cities, and the two keep the same change trend. Whether it is a resource-based city or a non-resource-based city, the level of transformation efficiency that only considers energy factors is lower. Further, this study decomposes the transformation efficiency of resource-based cities according to the three dimensions of transformation efficiency and finds that the energy efficiency, output efficiency and environmental efficiency of China's resource-based cities are different, and the transformation efficiency in the three dimensions of energy conservation, economic growth and environmental friendliness is also different.


Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is regularly applied to examine tunnel liners, roads,railways and runways. Many applications have been pioneering proof-of-concept tests to define the benefits and limitations of GPR. For the quality of tunnel liners major include three parts:1the thickness of the liner 2 the Defects of the liner such as the voids 、 non-compacting area and crack 3 the number、diameter of the rebar and rebar corrosion. There are many situations where GPR signals do contain quantitative information useful for developing data needed for engineering decision making.