Titanium oxide (TiO2) is one of candidates for an electron selective contact (ESC) for Si heterojunction solar cells due to following reasons. Firstly, the band gap is reported to be 3.2 eV to certify high transparency. In addition, TiO2/Si heterojunction has a small conduction-band offset (EC<0.3eV) and large valence-band offset (EV>2.3eV) [1]. Therefore, TiO2 could act as an ESC to transmit electrons while blocking holes. In addition to the carrier selectivity, excellent surface passivation quality and high conductivity are mandatory for high quality carrier selective contact, and we need to develop a way to prepare TiO2 to satisfy these two properties. In this study, we propose to modulate deposition temperature of TiO2 by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on Si substrate to realize excellent passivation and high conductivity simultaneously, and show the proof of concept by improved solar cell performance. For excellent passivation, the deposition temperature should be optimized. On the other hand, deposition at low temperature is preferable to generate the oxygen deficiency to lead to high conductivity. We prepared TiO2 layers by ALD (GEMStar-6, Arradiance) on both sides of (100)-oriented Fz p-type silicon wafers with a resistivity of 2 Ωcm. We fabricated three different TiO2/Si samples for solar cells. The first has 4 nm thick TiO2 layer at 150°C for passivation. The second has 4 nm thick TiO2 layer at 100°C for conduction by modulating the deposition temperature. The third has a stack of 2 nm thick TiO2 layer for conduction and 2 nm thick TiO2 layer for passivation. After deposition, a post-annealing in the reducing atmosphere was carried out to activate the surface passivation. Then, TiO2 film on the one side was removed. Finally, an Al electrode and a Ag electrode finger were prepared by a thermal evaporation on the back surface of the Si substrate and TiO2 layer, respectively. The current density-voltage (J-V) measurements were taken with a Solar Cell Performance Measurement System (Bunkoukeiki Co., Ltd.) Figure 1 (a) shows the J-V characteristics in the dark, and the inset shows that of solar cells for passivation in detail. All the devices exhibit rectifying properties, but the current density of the solar cell with TiO2 for passivation is small, showing that TiO2 for passivation has a high resistivity. Figure 1 (b) shows the J-V characteristics under AM1.5G, and the photovoltaic parameters are summarized in Table 1. All parameters with TiO2 for passivation are too small to measure because of the high resistivity. On the other hand, the solar cell with TiO2 for conduction exhibits the highest FF to be 0.35, confirming that TiO2 deposited by ALD at low temperature is conductive to some extent. However, the conversion efficiency is only 0.10%, which is limited by low Voc and Jsc. This can be caused by high carrier recombination at the TiO2/Si interface. The solar cell with a stack exhibits the highest conversion efficiency of 0.30%. This indicates that a reduction of both carrier recombination at the TiO2/Si and resistivity of TiO2 layer. These results suggest that the stack of TiO2 layers for conduction and passivation is a promising candidate for highefficiency Si heterojunction solar cells.


A bioethanol certified reference material (CRM), NMIJ CRM 8301-a, has been issued by the National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (NMIJ, AIST). The raw material for this CRM is fermented bioethanol made from rice. Certified values have been provided for the contents of water, methanol, sulfur and copper. This CRM can be used for calibration and validation of water, methanol, sulfur and copper analysis in bioethanol fuel and similar matrices. This paper describes the methods for the determination of the certified value of sulfur for CRM 8301-a. The certified value was determined by analysis of the sample candidate reference material subdivided in ampoules. The measurement of sulfur in the candidate reference material was performed using combustion ultraviolet fluorescence detection and combustion ion chromatography detection. The certified sulfur value is 2.43 mg kg –1 and the expanded uncertainty ( k = 2) is 0.23 mg kg –1 .


The coronavirus pandemic has made some small industrial communities complain, plus there is confusing news information so that some people feel nervous in dealing with the spread of the coronavirus. The study in this research is basically field research (field research) and literary (library research), with a historical and multidisciplinary approach. Existing data, the authors analyze using a comparative method in a qualitative paradigm, through snowball sampling. Through this method, researchers hope to collect information needed by the small industrial community, so that they are motivated and enthusiastic in moving their business in the midst of the Corona pandemic. The role of the media is not only to report but also to deny hoax information and untrue information, moreover, the media has an important and strategic role in following the development of reliable information related to Covid-19 reporting, as a trusted source for the community towards the era of adaptation of new habits (new normal). ). The presence of journalists presenting news about aid programs, business opportunities, and product marketing facilities for small industry players in circulation and online is one of the breakthroughs that can foster new optimism and hope (expectations) among small industry players in the midst of their business slump due to the pandemic. corona. The final goal of this study, the author tries to get a concrete picture of the roles and responsibilities of journalists in building the optimism of the small industrial community during the corona pandemic.


The causes for the differences in the lightning frequency between two heavy rainfall events, the 2017 northern Kyushu heavy rainfall event and the 2018 heavy rainfall event in central Japan, were examined using a numerical model coupled with an explicit bulk lightning model. These heavy rainfall events occurred near the Baiu frontal system of Japan in July, but the characteristics of rainfall differed. The former case was categorised as an extreme rainfall and extreme convective event by previous satellite observational studies, and the lightning frequency was high. Conversely, the latter case was categorised as an extreme rainfall without extreme convection event, and the lightning frequency was low. The numerical model used in this study successfully reproduced the differences in the lightning frequency between the two cases. Our analyses indicated that the differences in the lightning frequency between the two cases were attributed to the differences in the vertical structure of the charge separation rate and the charge density, which originated from the difference in the vertical distribution of graupel.


Abstract Based on the precipitable water data provided by Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), and wind data by Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS) and Geostationary Operational Environment Satellite (GOES), the monthly averaged water vapor flux and flux divergence have been estimated over the equatorial Pacific area for July 1980. The main flow pattern of water vapor transport is essentially the combination of meridional convergence and westward flow. The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) in the northern part of the equatorial Pacific around 10°N, is characterized by water vapor convergence, which indicates that precipitation exceeds evaporation. The largest convergence areas of about 500 mm month−1 are seen over the ITCZ. Evaporation can be estimated from the water vapor convergence if precipitation data, such as island rainfall data, are available. Over the eastern Pacific, where rainfall is nearly zero, evaporation is about 150 mm month−1 averaged over 0°-20S, 170°-90W. Whil...


This paper deals with the constrained predictive control of nonlinear systems. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are used as a process model. The control law is derived by minimizing a non convex criterion. The optimization problem is solved using Ellipsoid and genetic algorithms. The structure and operators of the combining two algorithms have been specifically developed for control design problem. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performances of the proposed predictive controller.


Many higher education institutions are searching for cost effective tools for the delivery of a feature rich, synchronous online learning environment. While there are commercially viable web conferencing products available to enhance the online education experience, they tend to be cost prohibitive and are constrained by software and network limitations. Some universities have invested in products such as iLinc, Centra, and Horizon Live, but many academic institutions that would benefit from these products simply cannot afford them.Rowan University is currently developing a synchronous, online web conferencing application that delivers all the features of similar commercial products without the exorbitant price tag. The Rowan Virtual Meeting (RVM) System is built on Macromedia Flash Communication Server technology; a programming platform that is operating system independent, requires very little overhead to run, and has a one-time cost associated with it that is nominal compared to the cost of the available commercial web conferencing products. Using the RVM system requires no more than a computer that has Macromedia Flash Player installed and an Internet connection. Both students and faculty can participate in a synchronous, media driven online experience using audio, video, slide shows, white boards, application sharing, and more. Rowan is currently beta testing the RVM application both on and off campus.This paper will discuss the development, implementation, and the future direction of the Rowan Virtual Meeting system, and how it will be used synergistically with asynchronous applications such as WebCT and Blackboard to provide a more interactive online experience for students.


The Automatic Generation Control(AGC) is an important means to keep the system frequency and crossregional tie-line power exchange operation as planned.The selection of the frequency bias coefficient β is of the most importance to system stability and frequency recovery,and the ideal situation is to set β the same as the natural frequency of the local area.The basic theory of the dynamic coefficient method is presented,as well as technical problems that need to be solved in order to introduce the method to East China Power Grid.Analysis shows that the method can help improve the frequency quality of the Grid and the frequency control charactersitics of the system.


Two-photon (2E1) decay rates are calculated for metastable 3dj states in Ca+, 4dj states in Sr+ and 5dj states in Ba+ to evaluate contributions of these transitions to the corresponding lifetimes. The calculations are carried out using the relativistic single-double method, where single and double excitations of Dirac–Fock wavefunctions are included to all orders of perturbation theory. We find that lowest-order calculations of the two-photon rates are strongly modified when correlation corrections are included.


Magnetic field distribution and magnetic circuit calculating method of micro rotational generator are researched.A single stator-single rotor micro generator with an overall size of Φ 7 mm×2 mm is designed.The formula of no-load air gap magnetic density is got by magnetic circuit analysis method.FEA is done for the micro generator model using magnetic field numerical simulation software.The main parameters of no-load magnetic field and the wave form of induced EMF are obtained.Comparing the results by magnetic circuit analysis and numerical simulation result,the error of air magnetic density is less than 2.32 % and the error of the maximum value of induced EMF is less than 2.57 %.The parameters of the magnetic field can be used in the design and analysis of the micro generator.And the results verify that the magnetic circuit analysis method can be used in the research of the micro generator.


This research explored the perceptions of on-site international tourists towards the smog in Beijing. A scale measuring the degree of tourists' concern about smog conditions was developed. The links among smog concern, risk perception, trip satisfaction and destination loyalty were tested with a structural equation model. Direct relationships were found for the hypothesized effects of smog concern on risk perception and satisfaction. Further, the influence of risk perception on reducing satisfaction as well as the role of satisfaction in forming revisit intention (loyalty) was identified. The broad concerns of this study are applicable across all key Chinese tourism cities visited by international tourists.


The present invention provides a method for detecting the head of the head a quick and accurate detection of the image. Head detecting method of the present invention uses: a head detection model and the determined preliminary head detection model, wherein the preliminary head detection model is used as a positive image of an image and as negative examples obtained, which is a positive predetermined image region in a predetermined header comprises at least a portion of each image in the embodiment, as the image of the negative examples in each of said predetermined image area does not include a head, said head detecting determined model is used as an image positive examples and an image negative examples obtained, which as each including a head image being an example of the position and size of the image area in a predetermined match the predetermined, which as a counter example of each image includes a head with the predetermined position and size of a predetermined image area in at least one mismatch.


We propose a susceptible multichannel plasmonic sensor for sensing refractive index (RI) and temperature media working in the visible to near-infrared range. The proposed structure's resonator consists of an elliptical-shaped ring with two stubs at two sides and four metal nanorods side-coupled to two separated metal–insulator–metal waveguides. The optical responses of the structure, including transmittance spectra and magnetic and electric field distributions, are investigated using the finite element method (FEM) to obtain the optimal structural parameters. The designed structure supports five channels of Fano resonance modes because of the interaction between the narrowband mode of the elliptical-shaped ring resonator and the broadband mode of two separated MIM WGs. The maximum sensitivity values can reach 4500 nm/RIU for RI sensing, and the temperature sensitivity can get 1.00 nm/°C. The designed device exhibits excellent sensing performance and could pave the way for sensing devices with significantly higher sensitivity.


Abstract1. Of 170 successive patients referred to our pain clinic as trigeminal neuralgia (TN), 44 (26%) were found to have other diagnoses. Twenty-seven percent consulted a dentist after their first attack; fifty-four patients (43%) had recurrence of TN following initial relief by one or more earlier interventional procedures. The median age at first attack was 56.5; 62% of patients were female, and 63.5% of TN right-sided. Only 3 patients had pure ophthalmic division TN, while 30% had TN affecting two or more divisions.2. Eighty-six point five percent could remember exactly what they were doing, where, and when they had their first paroxysm of TN pain. Careful questioning revealed that shooting pain was felt in the gums, but not in the teeth, i.e. is mediated by peripheral Aβ rather than by Aδ and C fibres. Five of our patients had extratrigeminal triggers for paroxysms.3. Two female patients spontaneously stated that wearing flat- rather than high-heeled shoes reduced the number or severity of attacks....


taken to the Industrial Court, which is still sitting. The evidence for the staff side has been collected by the B.M.A., working, of course, in close association with the Society of Medical Officers of Health. Medical men and women in the public health service are not the only ones who will eagerly await the Court's findings. No one wishes to see the various branches of the profession graded in descending stages of public regard.


Professor Keey in the December issue of New Zealand Engineering 1980, gave an excellent summary of how one can use OASIS to search the on-line information data bases offered by DIALOG, one of the brokerages in America.


This dissertation purposively explores differing forms of online illicit drug markets with particular focus on why actors – both buyers and sellers – are increasingly incorporating digital technologies into illicit drug supply. The last decade has seen significant changes in illicit drug markets with buyers and sellers adopting a growing range of online platforms into their drug exchange milieu. Typically, however, efforts to explore online drug markets are limited in scope and often fail to highlight how online markets are a diverse set of platforms that are differentiated in meaningful ways. The work undertaken in this thesis extends on previous academic investigations by examining three unexplored forms of drug trading in digital spaces from the perspectives of those involved in these dynamic online markets. Specifically, an understanding of the evolving nature of online illicit drug markets across numerous platforms (e.g. the dark web, the surface web, and social media/encrypted messaging applications), the motivations and barriers for engaging in online illicit drug markets, how these are differentiated spaces, and how digital platforms are changing the drug exchange process, is of particular importance to the research presented here. To contribute to an understanding of these specific issues, this thesis through publication comprises seven chapters, four of which are manuscripts either published or currently under-review in peer-reviewed journals. After an introduction to the broader landscape of drug markets in Chapter 1, the first published manuscript (Chapter 2) provides a theoretical examination of the nature of illicit drug exchange in digital environments. It does so by critically analysing notions of rationality as they relate to conventional (i.e. offline) forms of drug distribution. This work then highlights how, as online exchanges are performed in an entirely new assemblage of human and non-human forces, the new structural configurations that drug exchanges are produced within enable something much closer to the conditions necessary for approximating a cost-benefit exercise. Following this, Chapter 3 outlined the methods employed for the data collection phases in the proceeding chapters. The first empirical contribution of this thesis, Chapter 4, explores the use of social media and encrypted messaging applications in illicit drug supply via an online international survey (n = 258), 'rapid interviews' (n = 20), and in-depth interviews (n = 27). This paper showed how there are a wide range of smartphone applications being used in illicit drug supply and that social media applications (e.g. Instagram, Snapchat) are rapidly being incorporated in drug supply practices due to their convenience and ease-of-use. Following this, the study presented in Chapter 5 investigates the trend of direct dealing in dark web drug cryptomarkets through an analysis of forum posts (n = 965) in dark web forums. This recent shift in cryptomarket activity was a surprising development given the fact that many of the security features appreciated by actors in drug cryptomarkets, such as administrator oversight of an exchange, are not available when choosing to deal over an encrypted messaging application. This paper explored the perceptions behind direct dealing as well as how situational factors (e.g. law enforcement), discounts, and perceptions of trustworthiness were all vital in allowing actors to transition across to perform a direct deal. Finally, Chapter 6 presents a paper exploring the adoption of a surface web platform, LeafedOut, and how it is used for local cannabis exchanges. Results from netnography and interviews with buyers and sellers of this platform (n = 20) reported how, for those studied, the relative normalisation of cannabis use/supply, in conjunction with various strategies for assessing trust and minimising risks of the exchange (e.g. adopting encrypted messaging apps to cover digital traces, sending selfies to authenticate a genuine buyer/seller, relying on feedback systems and 'gut-feelings', and selectively choosing exchange locations). Together, the papers contained within this thesis provide unique insights into burgeoning forms of drug exchange on the Internet. These studies also contribute to theoretical and conceptual understandings of drug exchanges in digital settings by explicating on how notions of rationality, risk, and trust are crucial in explorations of illicit drug supply practices online. Collectively, the significance of this work is that it helps explain why online illicit drug markets are coming into fruition, how they expand and diversify, and why a wide range of digital platforms are increasingly being adopted by illicit drug market actors.


Reliable nondestructive inspection for incomplete weldment penetration and rapid oxidation of aluminum surfaces when exposed to the atmosphere are currently two major problems in welded aluminum spacecraft structure. Incomplete-penetration defects are extremely difficult to detect and can lead to catastrophic failure of the structure. The moisture absorbed by aluminum oxide on the surface can cause weldment porosity if the surface is not cleaned before welding. The approach employed in this program to solve both problems was to employ copper as a coating to prevent oxidation of the aluminum. Also, copper was used as an opaque additive in the weldment to enhance X-ray detection in the event of incomplete penetration.


THE CELEBRATION OF the bicentennial of the Constitution, and more specifically in 1989, of the Bill of Rights, demands that Americans reexamine the fundamental values they ac knowledge in that document, even if they do not always practice them. Liberty is at the heart of the American value system and has become one of the principal sources of American identity. The First Amendment begins by protecting liberties relating to religion: "Con gress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof." The primacy of religious liberty in the Bill of Rights was more than a literary convention. The bill's framers understood that in a religiously plural society both American identity and republican stability hinged on the free expression of religious beliefs. Religious minorities also appreciated that the liberties secured in the Constitution meant that they would enjoy safeguards against interference from the state, but that they also would have to compete in a voluntaristic religious environment for adherents. Such an arrangement promised a freedom, though, that might loosen re ligious ties. Perhaps more than any other group in the early republic, Catholics recognized, and wrestled with, the tensions between religious liberty at large and the need to preserve dogma and discipline within a church.


Competition Among Domestic Apparel Manufacturers by Mary P. Simpson MBA, Liberty University, 2006 BS, Liberty University, 1986 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Walden University August 2017 Abstract Apparel manufacturing characterizes a sustainable means of creating employment and encouraging economic growth; however, 86% of U.S. apparel manufacturing companies and 74.7% in North Carolina have closed since the late 1990s. Less than 3% of apparel bought in the United States is domestic. The purpose of this case study was to explore the strategies used by American apparel manufacturing business leaders who produce competitive products using Porter's diamond theory as the conceptual framework. Data were collected through semistructured interviews of 4 business leaders from an apparel manufacturer that had been in business a minimum of 5 years in North Carolina. Member checking and transcript review were used to ensure the trustworthiness of the findings. Data were coded using a qualitative analysis software. Coded data were analyzed to identify themes. The results led to 3 major themes: technology, time, and brand development. The findings revealed that apparel manufacturing business managers used technology to produce competitive apparel products by owning the fiber, fabric, and technologies in the apparel products and shortened lead-times to the retailer. New knowledge from this study could contribute to social change through improvedApparel manufacturing characterizes a sustainable means of creating employment and encouraging economic growth; however, 86% of U.S. apparel manufacturing companies and 74.7% in North Carolina have closed since the late 1990s. Less than 3% of apparel bought in the United States is domestic. The purpose of this case study was to explore the strategies used by American apparel manufacturing business leaders who produce competitive products using Porter's diamond theory as the conceptual framework. Data were collected through semistructured interviews of 4 business leaders from an apparel manufacturer that had been in business a minimum of 5 years in North Carolina. Member checking and transcript review were used to ensure the trustworthiness of the findings. Data were coded using a qualitative analysis software. Coded data were analyzed to identify themes. The results led to 3 major themes: technology, time, and brand development. The findings revealed that apparel manufacturing business managers used technology to produce competitive apparel products by owning the fiber, fabric, and technologies in the apparel products and shortened lead-times to the retailer. New knowledge from this study could contribute to social change through improved opportunities for apparel workers, improved business strategies among apparel manufacturing business leaders, and increased demand for apparel products produced in the United States. The findings from this study may also contribute to positive social change by potentially increasing business prospects for apparel manufacturers, suppliers, auxiliary businesses, thereby increasing revenue in North Carolina and the United States. Competition Among Domestic Apparel Manufacturers by Mary P. Simpson MBA, Liberty University, 2006 BS, Liberty University, 1986 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration


ABSTRACT Knowledge recombination is a process through which distant fields of knowledge are brought together to solve complex problems and has important outcomes, such as scientific, technical, or social innovation. However, although recombination is both a cognitive and social process, there is little theoretical and empirical evidence on what happens between people while they are creating bridges between their different and complex fields of knowledge. In this study, we draw on problem-solving research and social cognition models to provide and test a model of recombination. We predict that (1) two-person teams map larger areas of the problem domain if they explore that domain using dissimilar problem models and (2) an implicit cognitive intervention can help team members integrate their diverse problem definitions. We tested these predictions in an experiment with N= 31 dyads. Our results show that dissimilar problem models lead to more comprehensive problem definitions which in turn increase solution creativity when members are primed to combine unrelated concepts. This work advances understanding of knowledge recombination processes and sets the stage for more comprehensive models.


The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of workplace coaching on employees' performance in Malaysia mediated by rewards and recognition. Many studies in the past examined the influence of coaching on employee performance, the relationship between coaching and rewards and recognition, as well as the impact of rewards and recognition on employee performance. However, no research on the influence of coaching and employee performance mediated by rewards and recognition appears to have been conducted or examined. There is also no research carried out to examine the rewards and recognition influence of coaching. Some research has examined the relationship between coaching and rewards and recognition in the past, yet no body examines the influence of coaching on rewards and workforce recognition. Based on the critical review of research literature, the questionnaire for this research was developed and divided into four sets of questionnaires based on dependent, independent and mediating variables. The dependent variable used in this study is Employee Performance. The independent variable used to determine the impact on employee performance is coaching. The research used survey approach with a Likert Scale-based survey questionnaire (for strong agreement, strongly disagree -1 and 5). The data collected based on convenience sampling technique through non-probability sampling. Total of 200 questionnaires would be distributed to employees in Malaysia that have experience being a coach or a coachee at a workplace. SPSS Amos Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and Regression Analysis is used to analyse the data collected.


In this paper, we study two inverse eigenvalue problems (IEPs) of constructing two special acyclic matrices. The first problem involves the reconstruction of matrices whose graph is a path, from given information on one eigenvector of the required matrix and one eigenvalue of each of its leading principal submatrices. The second problem involves reconstruction of matrices whose graph is a broom, the eigen data being the maximum and minimum eigenvalues of each of the leading principal submatrices of the required matrix. In order to solve the problems, we use the recurrence relations among leading principal minors and the property of simplicity of the extremal eigenvalues of acyclic matrices.


© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2021. No commercial reuse. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. DESCRIPTION A 72yearold man had undergone dualchamber pacemaker implantation for complete atrioventricular block 11 years previously, following which he actively swam and played table tennis; however, 3 years ago, he experienced shortness of breath while playing table tennis. Atrial lead impedance and threshold were found to have increased, resulting in pacing with a ventricular demand pacemaker (VVI) mode (lower rate, 50). An additional atrial lead was implanted owing to complete lead fracture. After 3 months, a chest Xray revealed a completely disconnected and fractured lead. Despite the lead fracture, the patient continued to swim and play table tennis. Another 3 years later, dysfunction of the additional atrial lead was suspected at a routine pacemaker evaluation. Further, the distal part of the previous disconnected lead was found floating and moving dynamically in the right atrium and ventricle (figure 1, and videos 1 and 2). Although the patient was asymptomatic, electrocardiography revealed frequent nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. After careful discussion with cardiovascular surgeons, we performed percutaneous extraction of the floating and additional leads. After extracting the additional atrial lead using a laser sheath, a 7 Fr ablation catheter (Ablaze Fantasista; Japan Lifeline, Tokyo, Japan) was then inserted through the right femoral vein to extract the floating lead body into the inferior vena cava. The proximal end of the lead was removed from the atrium using the hooking technique, and the distal end was locked and removed using a GooseNeck Snare. Thus, the lead was successfully extracted without complications, eliminating lethal arrhythmia (figure 2, and online supplemental file 1, video 3). Although we recommended that the patient stop his table tennis and swimming activities to reduce the risk of lead fracture, he continued to do so after discharge. To date, no lead incidents occurred for a year. Lead fracture is a common complication of a cardiac implantable electronic device and is more likely to occur in physically active patients. 2 It often occurs in the area just lateral to the subclavian venous entry site as a result of compression of the lead between the clavicle and the first rib. Our patient was physically active and displayed


Summary Different culture media can be used in bacteriological assay. In this paper criterions are given for selecting subsets of the available set of culture media. First the selection is made in a nonsequential way. Later on this is done in a sequential way.


Abstract : This paper considers a linear regression problem involving economic data used by Longley in a study of the performance of regression programs. The data set is notoriously difficult to handle computationally. In this paper, the singular value decomposition and the QR factorization are used to show that very small perturbations in the data render it colinear, thus accounting for the computational difficulties. Another analysis, based on coefficients that bound perturbations in the regression coefficients in terms of perturbations in the columns of the data, also shows the extreme sensitivity of the problem. An analysis is also given of a perturbation index, introduced by Beaton, Rubin, and Barone to measure the sensitivity of regression problems. It is shown that the index is valid only for extremely large sample sizes and is not applicable to the Longley data set. (Author)


Organic lasers offer the promise to build compact, inexpensive, broadly tunable solid-state lasers in the visible range, with potential applications in spectroscopy, bio/chemo sensing or short-haul data telecommunications. Among existing laser architectures of optically-pumped organic lasers, external-cavity resonators enable the highest conversion efficiencies, excellent beam quality, power scalability and versatility due to the open cavity. Recently, we reported on an open-cavity laser architecture using a thin film of dye-doped polymer as the gain medium, named Vertical External Cavity Surface-emitting Organic Laser (VECSOL). The very high gain of organics make these lasers highly efficient even for macroscopic cavities, even though the pulse buildup time must be short enough to fit within the gain time window defined by the pump pulse duration and the fluorescence lifetime. In this paper we analyze the laser turn-on dynamics of organic VECSELs. A simple theoretical framework is presented, based on the Statz-DeMars coupled rate equations. Simulations are compared to the experimental pulse shapes of the pump and laser beams, recorded with the same fast photodiode. We observe that the laser pulse is both shifted and broadened with respect to the 0.5-ns-long pump pulse when the cavity length is increased, together with a drop of efficiency. Efficiency curves are presented, showing a higher threshold and lower slope efficiency when the cavity length increases, which is well accounted by the model. Finally, an optimized VECSOL is presented, with a 25 ns-pulsewidth pump source, enabling reaching conversion efficiencies up to 61%.


The paper should describe an application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for coupling four hydrological models whose input and output variables may be connected in cascade. I confess that the application is definitely not clear to me. The results obtained by a system of four coupled ANNs (using which observed data in input/output?) are compared with those issued by an integrated system formed by four conceptual models? The coupled ANNs are trained using as output variables, instead of observations, the outputs obtained by the integrated system formed by the four conceptual models? A description of all the input (specifying which of them are observations and which are the results of previous simulations) and output variables of each model (both


A method for an estimation of the compositional fluctuation area in ternary solid solutions was developed. An elliptic area of the compositional fluctuation which is defined by constants, A, B and φ, was assumed in a ternary diagram. The maximum and minimum lattice spacings in the assumed area were figured out for several lattice planes. Values of (Δd/d)ical, fluctuations of the lattice spacings, were calculated from these values. Values of β, which is the net width of the X-ray diffraction peak of the sample, were measured and the values of β cosθ were plotted against sinθ. Theoretically, each plot is on a line whose section at sinθ=0 is fixed by the crystallite size of the sample and whose slope is Δd/d. The section was determined by the least square method using (Δd/d)ical estimated from the assumed elliptic area. Then ∑ei2, a sum of squares of the difference between the calculated value of β cosθ and the observed one, was determined. The values of ∑ei2 were evaluated for various values of A, B and φ systematically. The values of A, B and φ which give the minimum value of ∑ei2 were finally determined. The area which is settled by the values of A, B and φ determined thus is the compositional fluctuation area. The compositional fluctuation areas such determined agreed with those determined by the method reported previously. By this method, the compositional fluctuation area can be determined without data of diffractions whose dependence of lattice spacing on composition is the same, while it could not be determined by the previous method.


The present invention discloses a method and system for dynamically controlling the FIFO memory access process. First-out (FIFO) memory access dynamic flow data flow control circuit detects a first in first out (FIFO) memory or a plurality of items discarded, to obtain the next valid read pointer address and the next reading operation obtained from the address read when. Therefore by the next valid data item read address jump discarded without reading the data items to save read cycle.


Nutrient composition of commercial corn grain appears to have changed little in the last 10 to 15 years. Although the data for sorghum grain and barley are more limited, no dramatic changes in nutrient composition were apparent. Flaking corn appears to reduce the crude protein concentrations, perhaps because water used for starch gelatinization is not released during drying. Harvesting and storing corn grain as high-moisture increases the protein solubility and rumen degradation of corn grain protein. In contrast, flaking corn decreases protein solubility and ruminal protein degradation. Flaking corn may increase phosphorus availability by increasing ruminal phytase activity. INTRODUCTION Nutrient composition of grains can be quite variable. Although the variation is less with grains than with forages or byproduct feeds, grains comprise the majority of most feedlot diets so small changes in nutrient composition become very important. The sources of variation in nutrient composition can be divided into processing and nonprocessing factors. Most of the processing effects relate to energy value of the grains. Because several speakers have discussed how processing variables affect the energy values of different grains, that topic will not be discussed here. Effects of processing on protein and mineral availability will be discussed later. NON-PROCESSING VARIATION Non-processing factors that can affect the nutrient composition of grains include, but are not limited to, year, variety, fertilization, and management factors. In the last 10 to 15 years grain producers have made substantial changes in varieties (genetics), fertilization programs, and management practices. This review will examine whether such changes have altered grain composition. Grain nutrient composition data collected for the 1996 Beef NRC publication (NRC, 1996) were from grains produced in the early 1990s. Data were collected from approximately 40 different laboratories in North America. Grain samples from most states and Canadian provinces were included in that database. The Dairy One feed analysis laboratory in Ithaca, New York provides excellent public access to a database that can be used to examine nutrient variation. This laboratory receives grain samples from throughout the United States and Canada. These data have not been screened to remove outliers, so the standard deviations are greater than found in other data sources. The Dairy One data base is robust because it contains a large number of samples analyzed for many nutrients that were received between May 2000 and June 2006. All nutrients are expressed on a dry matter basis and can be accessed at http://www.dairyone.com/Forage/FeedComp/disclaimer .asp. Through comparing the nutrient composition data from the 1996 Beef NRC and the current Dairy One database, large changes in nutrient profile over the last 10 to 15 years can be detected. Corn is the primary grain fed to cattle and has the largest number of samples in the data base. With over 3500 samples in both data sets, corn in the Dairy One data set averaged 9.51% crude protein; in the early 1990s corn averaged 9.80% protein (Table 1). Whether this is a trend or just random variation, is impossible to determine. However, when we select corn varieties for increased yield or alcohol production, a decrease in protein concentration would not be surprising. Based on more than 2200 samples, corn NDF values also have tended to decrease (10.8% vs. 9.78%) during the past 15 years. Since most of the fiber is in the seed coat, it is possible that as we select for increased yield, kernel size could increase resulting in the seed coat being a smaller fraction of the weight.


This paper points out some kind of transportation forms weshould pay attention to in order to accelerate the development of highway freight transportation.And it also tells us to emphases modern technology.


With the emergence in the 20th century of long-range methods of destruction, museums and galleries have had to develop appropriate measures to protect their collections. The British Museum first took such measures on site in 1914 and followed this by evacuating some of its most valuable objects in 1918. Similar procedures were followed in the Second World War and, despite major damage to the building, no significant items (apart from books) were lost.


To the Editor: We read with interest the comments from Pileri et al. [1] regarding the article of Boccara et al. [2] recently published in Pediatric Blood & Cancer. In this article we reported that 4/5 of children affected by mycosis fungoides (MF) had pre-existing pityriasis lichenoides chronica (PLC) and, therefore, we stated that this association was not fortuitous and that PLC could represent a predisposing factor for MF. Pityriasis lichenoides (PL), which includes PLC and its acute form, PL varioliformis acuta, is a skin disease of unknown origin. It is probably caused by a non-specific hypersensitivity reaction secondary to an antigenic stimulation, possibly microbiologic in children. PL must certainly be seen as a benign disorder in this population. However, the frequent detection of a clonal T cell population in both the chronic and acute forms [3–6] suggests that it could belong to the spectrum of primary cutaneous T cell lymphoproliferations. Moreover, some cases of PLC evolving into MF have already been described, mainly in children [7–10]. Therefore, even if we agree with Pileri et al. that the clinical course of PL is benign in most cases—our clinical experience being exactly the same—, we do believe that the puzzling PL-MF combination is not coincidental. The cutaneous immunologic environment induced by PL could promote growth of a tumoral clone in some patients with a predisposition to lymphoma development. This minority of patients remains to be identified. We think that these children should be followed-up until adulthood, bearing in mind the possibility of a morbid link between PL and lymphoma and/or a real transformation of PL into cutaneous lymphoma in certain patients with underlying predisposing factors, whose mechanisms it is important to understand more fully. Lastly, it is true than only one of our five cases was biopsied, the other being diagnosed on the basis of clinical criteria only. Indeed, while in these cases PL could not be diagnosed with 100% certainty, the other diagnosis to be considered would have been Pityriasis-like MF, which has already been described in children, leading to the same discussion [11].


This research aims to 1) describe students' responses toward cognitive reading strategies and their reading comprehension score; 2) find out the correlation between students' cognitive reading strategies and their reading comprehension. The current research is quantitative in nature. The quantitative is intended to describe the responses of students to cognitive and reading strategies and to explain to what extent the correlation between students' cognitive reading strategies and reading comprehension. The samples are the fourth semester students of English education as subjects or participants of the research. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to get responses from students in term of Cognitive Reading Strategies. IELTS Reading Testing was used to get Students' reading comprehension scores. The quantitative data were analyzed by correlation product moment. The results of the study shows that most of students usually use four cognitive reading strategies included in this research and cognitive reading strategies correlate significantly to students' reading comprehension with p value of 0.00 and coefficient value of 0.61.


This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the representation ability of junior high school students in Banjarmasin on Newton's Law problems by giving a written test. The research method used was survey research, namely One-shot Design. The test was conducted on 102 middle school students who had learned Newton's Law material with representation. The results showed that students more easily understand the questions in verbal representations than mathematical representations, figures, and tables. This study also shows that students who have high learning outcomes obtain consistently good multi-representation scores. So learning by using multiple representations needs to be done to support the learning outcomes of physics.


NON-OVIPOSITION AND NON-FEEDING PREFERENCE OF SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA (J. E. SMITH, 1797) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) FOR PEANUT CULTIVARS. This study aimed to select peanut cultivars resistant to Spodoptera frugiperda , selecting non-oviposition and non-feeding preference in choice and no-choice tests. Peanut cultivars with upright growth habit (IAC 5, IAC 8112, IAC 22 and IAC Tatu ST) and runner growth habit (IAC 503, IAC 505, IAC 147, IAC 125, IAC Caiapó and IAC Runner 886) were evaluated. Tests of non-oviposition preference were conducted with newly emerged adults. Adults were fed a 10% honey solution, remaining in cages for 4 days until the start of the evaluations. The evaluations consisted of quantifying the number of eggs and egg masses, followed by calculating the number of eggs per egg mass. To perform non-feeding preference tests, leaf discs from different peanut cultivars were placed in disposable Petri dishes followed by releasing of a third-instar caterpillar for each cultivar. The attractiveness at 1, 5; 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 360, 720 and 1,440 minutes was evaluated by counting the caterpillars that were feeding on cultivars. The leaf area consumed was evaluated at the end of the experiment for each cultivar. In the tests of non-oviposition and non-feeding preference, with choice or no-choice, none of the cultivars of the upright growth and runner growth habit influenced the oviposition or food of S. frugiperda . Thus, the peanut cultivars showed no resistance of the non-feeding and non-oviposition types.


The authors suggest modifying the standard subtraction technique for use in neuroradiology by using the most informative film in the venous phase as the mask. The anatomical relationships between arteries and veins are shown on one film, while the effect of space-occupying lesions is accentuated using this technique.


Purpose: We have classified blepharoptosis into the categories including pseudoptosis in Koreans and compared with other previous studies. Methods: Total of 250 patients(398 eyes) who underwent surgery for blepharoptosis from 1987 to 2006 were studied. By classification of Beard, patients were categorized into congenital, acquired and pseudo blepharoptosis and later they were reclassified by their etiologies. Also addition of pseudoptosis to the classification of Frueh, blepharoptosis were categorized into neurogenic type, myogenic type, aponeurotic type, mechanical type and pseudoptosis. And we divided these cases by the degree of blepharoptosis, levator function and the operation methods. Results: Out of the 250 patients, 175 patients were congenital type, 49 were acquired type and 26 were pseudoptosis. According to the mechanistic classification, 177 myogenic type, 30 aponeurotic, 7 mechanic, 8 neurogenic and 28 pseudoptosis were categorized. Regarding severity of blepharoptosis, there were 29.2% of mild, 40% of moderate, and 30.8% of severe cases. Out of the 398 cases, in terms of the operation methods, there were 39 aponeurosis plication, 184 levator resection, 5 Muller tucking, 60 Orbicularis oculi muscle flap, 66 frontalis transfer, and 21 blepharoplasty. Received April 18, 2008 Revised May 6, 2008 Accepted May 26, 2008 Address Correspondence: Dae Hwan Park, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, 3056-6 Daemyung 4-dong, Nam-gu, Daegu 705-718, Korea. Tel: 053)650-4581/ Fax: 053)650-4584/E-mail: email@example.com *본 논문은 2007년 제63차 대한성형외과학회 학술대회에서 포스터 발표되었음. Conclusion: The cause and degree of ptosis, and levator function are very important when considering the amount of resected muscle. There were only a few studies about blepharoptosis classification including pseudoptosis category. Therefore, through this study, we can investigate the relationship between the pseudoptosis and the others. This study could be useful for the making future management plans of blepharoptosis in Korean patients.


This paper deals with the application of time-frequency analysis for transforming the received radar echoes in order to facilitate a neural network classification task. So as to compress the time-frequency representations maintaining most of the information, a feature extractor is designed. The proposed detector is compared with a single Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). The results show that time-frequency decompositions improve the performance of neural networks for slow fluctuating radar targets detection, specially for low values of Probability of False Alarm. The performance of the new detector is nearly independent on the Training-Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (TSNR) and the training initial conditions.


In order to distinguish the effects of cosmic rays from those of weightlessness at the cellular level, we performed experiments aboard stratospheric balloon, where gravity is equal to 1 g and cosmic radiation roughly equal to that aboard Salyut-6. The results suggest that the stimulation of cell proliferation is probably due to cosmic rays, metabolic changes being related to microgravity.


Today, many questions about multilegged walking robots (the choice of construction, the design of control system, as well as locomotion organization) are known and well investigated. These investigations consider usually multilegged robot locomotion on smooth or easy rough terrain, overcoming simple obstacles, movement on soft ground, body maneuvering etc. From the algorithmically point of view this class of operations can be realized on robot kinematical level just in automatically mode by means of periodic gaits and contact information in discrete form (yes/no). From the mechatronical point of view this class of operations can realize robots with rigid bodies and simple contact sensors.


The article discusses depression as a transnosographical set of traits and is not an illness, but the result of a debate between the subject and his own duties. The ethics of depression from Lacan's point of view are highlighted.


In accordance with the characteristics of aquatic reed during it's growing period, the reference crop evapotranspiration(ETc) of the reed swamp belt in Zhalong wetland is calculated with the micrometeorological monitoring data from Zhalong hydrometeorological station in June 2003 and FAO(56) Penman-Monteith(56PM)model, while the actual evapotranspiration((ETa)) is determined with the single crop coefficient(Kc) as well.


1. The dental implant system consisting of the implant and the superstructure mounted on it, the implant consists of a structured, usually in the form of honeycombs or thread intraosseous lower area (1) upwardly expanding intraosseous upper region (2) with a rough surface, transdesnevoy region (3) with a smooth surface of the wall, and transdesnevoy head (4) of the implant, with all the areas connected to each other seamlessly and without gaps! characterized in that! - lower and upper intraosseous implant region are non-axisymmetric geometry that corresponds to the superposition of at least two axisymmetric geometrical bodies, the axes of symmetry of which in the vertical direction parallel offset or tilted relative to each other such that the geometric bodies are superimposed on one another at least top intraosseous area! - upper intraosseous region (2) is respectively in the vestibular / buccal direction shortening (15) and palatal / lingual direction shortening (16), which begin at the upper end of the upper intraosseous region (2) and end at the lower end transdesnevoy region (3) , whereby the upper area of intraosseous (2) is well established and ends with emerging through the drilling of the implant bone bed discrepancy! - transdesnevaya area (3) the entire length of a non-axisymmetric, in any longitudinal section and any cross-section has a different shape compared to one located in front of him or behind the longitudinal or cross-section, and! transdesnevaya region (3) upwards is limited dimensionally dec


Objective: Consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP) services are particularly susceptible to heterogeneity, developing haphazardly in response to local interests and perceived need. This hampers the generalisability of comparisons between services in terms of service models, resource requirements and outcome data. The objective of this paper therefore is to chronicle the development of a method to meaningfully describe, map and compare different CLP services. Method: A review of the literature was followed by multiple site visits in both New Zealand and England, and an extended process of consultation and feedback. Results: Sixteen dimensions common to CLP services were extracted to create a multi-dimensional matrix (mMAX-LP) which had three broad clusters (structure, coverage and relationship with physical health services). The model was applied and discussed with the previously visited hospitals over the succeeding five years. Additionally, the matrix was tested, and its utility demonstrated during the planned reconfiguration of CLP services at a large teaching hospital in South Auckland, New Zealand by tracking the evolution of CLP services. Conclusions: mMAX-LP shows promise as a useful model for profiling and comparing CLP services; mapping their evolution over time; and sign-posting future service development.


Recalcitrance to regeneration and transformation of tropical maize has slowed down the potential research in improvement of variety, quality and capability of tropical maize to withstand abiotic and biotic stresses. Plant Transformation laboratory (PTL) in Kenyatta University, Kenya has developed a regeneration system for tropical maize inbred lines important to Kenyan breeders using 1-2 mm in size of immature zygotic embryos as explants. This system has proved to be highly genotype-dependent. In this study, inbred, single cross hybrid and backcross generations developed from crossing maize inbred CML216 with a commercially important inbred maize lines TL08 demonstrated genetic effects on somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration when immature zygotic embryos were cultured on N6 medium according to Frame et al 2002. Additive gene effects were more important in the crosses than dominant gene effects causing a 50% increase in somatic embryogenesis when maternal inbred was CML216 and TL08 as the paternal (Table 1) and up to 33.3% increase in the regeneration frequency (Table 2) in single cross hybrids relative to inbreds. In backcross generations of the four crosses, maternal and/or paternal effects were significant in the frequency of somatic embryos formed by the F1 three weeks after culture as well as in the frequency of plants regenerated per embryo, nine weeks after culture. Analysis of genetic variances suggests that crosses with CML216 as maternal donor with TL08 as pollen donor had up to 64% increase in somatic embryogenesis. Regeneration in all experiments was independent of the crossing pattern with the inbred poor rooting pattern resulting in poor acclimatization of the regenerants. TL08 and CML216 had a low regeneration frequency of 15% and 24% respectively (Table 2). Hybrid vigor was exhibited by the high regeneration efficiency of between 60-63% and 55-61% of the regenerated plants in case of the single cross hybrid and the back cross generation respectively with the exception of (CML216 x TL08) X TL08 and (TL08 X CML216) X CML216, which had a regeneration efficiency of 32% and 44% respectively (Table 2). The experiments were done with CML216 as control for the F1 as it had consistently shown a high percentage of somatic embryogenesis of up to 97%.


Clinical diagnosis and/or phenomenological description is the cornerstone of both clinical care and research in psych iatry. Clinical management and guidelines are structured around individual diagnoses (e.g., major depression, schizo phrenia, bipolar disorder), with the implicit understanding that such diagnoses mean the same to most clinicians (reli ability) and that they have predictive value (validity). Another relevant aspect of diagnosis is its clinical utility — a measure that is difficult to estimate correctly. However, indi rect data, such as increasing burden of psychiatric disorders, might be in part explained by diagnostic limitations.1 Similar considerations apply to research. While molecular, genetic, and brain imaging technologies have been making considerable progress, the phenotype definition frequently becomes a bottleneck with multiple ramifications: inconsis tencies and difficulties in properly defining the phenotype lead to seemingly contradictory findings. It is my hope, how ever, that a careful examination of such discrepancies can be instructive and help move psychiatric research forward. Let us consider some examples. An analysis of symptoms and life trajectories led to a proposal for a general psycho pathology "p factor."2 This p factor has been viewed as a single dimension underpinning the various psychiatric symptoms and explaining a large portion of interindividual variability with respect to presence of psychopathology. In parallel, re sults of genomewide association studies led to a proposal of a common genomic p factor for psychiatric disorders.3 Similarly, the concept of general neurotic syndrome, while absent from current classification schemes, has existed for some time and is supported, for example, by twin data.4 Contrary to these con cepts, in a familybased study of a Swedish population, Kendler and colleagues were able to separate rather clearly the 3 major psychiatric disorders (depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia).5 From family history data in health population registries, they constructed family genetic risk scores and com pared them across the diagnoses. Each of the 3 conditions had minimal overlap except for elevated family genetic risk scores for depression in those with bipolar disorder, which is unsur prising given that finding's consistency with the results of older family studies. In an extended analysis that included a number of other diagnoses, the separation became less distinct, showing correlations between, for example, major depression and anxiety or substance use and attentiondeficit/ hyperactvity disorder (ADHD).6 As of now, some of the largest genetic studies in psych iatry, counting tens or even hundreds of thousands of cases and hundreds of thousands controls, have identified at least 270 susceptibility loci for schizophrenia (preprint evidence: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.12.2019 2922v1), 64 for bipolar disorder,7 102 for major depression,8 as well as multiple loci for other diagnoses. Many of the genetic variants implicated in one condition seem to be involved in other diagnoses, leading to high genetic correlations between individual psychiatric diagnoses and suggesting shared herit ability.9 Several recent genomewide association studies found a substantial correlation between the genetic liabilities for most main psychiatric diagnoses (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, autism, ADHD, or anx iety disorders). These results were obtained using mostly criteriabased diagnoses without any further refinement. Sev eral investigations went even further in simplifying their re cruitment and relied on limited phenotyping and/or selfre ported diagnoses. Studies of major depression or bipolar disorder in selfidentified individuals in databases such as 23andMe or the UK Biobank resulted in considerably weaker genetic associations and low socalled single nucleotide poly morphism (SNP) heritability (proportion of phenotypic vari ance explained by markers identified by genomewide asso ciation analysis).7,10 Conversely, a recent study of the genetics of patients with major depressive disorder treated with elec troconvulsive therapy (ECT) — arguably a much more severe and more specific diagnosis — yielded SNP heritability about 4 times greater than a standard genomewide association study of major depression.11 In addition to the core psychiatric diagnosis, other fea tures come into play. For instance, while structural brain imaging studies of bipolar disorder found reproducible dif ferences from healthy unaffected individuals, it appears that some of the findings are not due to the disorder itself, but rather are secondary to metabolic factors such as obesity or insulin resistance that are frequently comorbid with severe mental illness.12


Prescription review is a complex task performed by clinical pharmacists in a hospital environment. In this paper, we present the development and hospital's pharmacy evaluation of an open-source decision support system for clinical pharmacy called NoHarm.ai. The system relies on an unsupervised algorithm based on graph structure that ranks outliers prescriptions. We deployed the decision support system for clinical pharmacy in a 1,200-bed hospital. NoHarm.ai can correctly classify, with an average of 84% of F-measure, the dose and frequency (posology) of several medications in the real-scenario application improving the work of the hospital's pharmacists.


Focuses on the preemptive resume model,which addresses the situation where,if a machine breakdown occurs during the processing of a job,the work done on the job prior to the breakdown is not lost,and the processing of the job can be resumed from where it was interrupted once the machine becomes operable again.First drives an expression of expected completion time in order to get the equivalent form of the objective function.The optimal static policies are given for single machine.It is proved that the problems are NP-hard for parallel machines.


Aetiology of peptic ulcer, J.J.Misiewicz experimental studies with histamine H2-receptor antagonists, M.E.Parsons mechanisms of parietal cell function, J.G.Forte et al experimental studies with proton pump inhibitors, K.-F.Sewing and W.Beil antisecretory treatment and predisposition to cancer, M.J.S.Langman clinical evaluation of antisecretory agents, A.L.Blum et al prostaglandins and mucosal protection - laboratory evidence versus clinical performance, C.J.Hawkey action of antiacids - more than bulk neutralization?, F.Halter and S.K.Lam mechanisms of action of non-antisecretory anti-ulcer drugs, R.F.McCloy gastroduodenal mucosal integrity, injury and repair, W.Silen peptic activity and the mucus-bicarbonate barrier, A.Allen et al neural regulation of gastroduodenal secretion and mucosal protection, G.Flemstrom and S.O.Granstam pro-ulcerogenic eicosanoids and related lipid mediators in gastric mucosal damage, B.J.R.Whittle and J.V.Esplugues pharmacological intervention in intestinal ulcerative disease, B.M.Peskar pharmacological modulation of cellular, vascular and motility factors, S.Szabo stress ulceration and mucosal acid-base balance, R.Schiessel peptide control systems of the gut as therapeutic targets, G.J.Dockray modulation of cell turnover and mucosal growth, R.A.Goodlad and N.A.Wright gastric protective and ulcer-healing action of epidermal growth factor, S.J.Konturek et al strategies for the development of novel anti-ulcer drugs, A.Garner.


Atypical mycobacteria are pathogens that uncommonly infect the hand. These organisms are capable of causing extensive bone damage in the hand. Mycobacterium kansasii is a slow growing non-tuberculous Mycobacterium. It is the second most common non-tuberculous Mycobacterium that mainly affects the hand and joints. Immunosuppressed patients are more likely to develop infection. Because extrapulmonary involvement of M. kansasii is rare, skin and soft tissue infections are infrequent; osteomyelitis is even rarer. Immunosuppressed patients are more likely to develop infection. A history of trauma is frequent. There is a delay in diagnosis antibiotics have been given with no response. Imaging studies are recommended in the diagnostic approach, with magnetic resonance imaging being the best option to show bone and soft tissue involvement. Infected tissue culture has greater sensitivity for diagnosis. Treatment for musculoskeletal involvement consists of multiple susceptibility-based antibiotics and antiretroviral therapy in HIV coinfection, combined with surgical management with incision and drainage.


Objective: To observe the high-dose treatment of diammonium glycyrrhizinate to abnormal aminotransferase intractable chronic hepatitis mainly of the effect. Methods: 80 cases of chronic hepatitis patients were randomly divided into two groups, in the control group on the basis of the treatment of diammonium glycyrrhizinate 250 mg / d, the treatment group of diammonium glycyrrhizinate 500 mg / d, course of four weeks. Results: Group 2 after treatment of patients with ALT levels and normalization rate recovery to compare the treatment group of GPT than the control group decreased significantly, the difference was significant (t = 7.98, p 0.001). Normalization rate also increased significantly (X 2 = 16.97, P 0.001). Conclusion: The large dose of diammonium glycyrrhizinate to abnormal aminotransferase intractable chronic hepatitis mainly of a better effect.


There are several options in sheep genetics for production systems, since local genetic resources (generally adapted to environmental conditions) to specialized breeds. Crossbreeding is an alternative to explore heterosis and complementarity between breeds. This study evaluated eight genetic groups from crossbreding between Santa Inês (SI), Poll Dorset (PD), Dorper (DO), East Friesian (EF), Primera (PR), and White Dorper (WD). SI and PD were used as maternal and paternal breed, while the others were used only as sires. Forty-eight male lambs were evaluated for withers height, thoracic perimeter, body and back length and skin thickness, as well as cold carcass weight and weights of commercial cuts such as neck, belly, shoulder, leg, rib and loin. Santa Inês took more time to reach the designated slaughter weight (30kg) than Dorper and Poll Dorset crosses. 87PDSI, 75PDSI and DOPD showed higher commercial cut weights and carcass yield. The use of Santa Inês, a locally-adapted hair breed, as maternal breed in crossbreeding system showed similar results to use of Poll Dorset, a meat specialized breed. These results highlight the usefulness of a local genetic resource in intensive system. Poll Dorset are recommended as sires for crossing with Santa Inês dams in intensive lamb rearing systems.


The utility model discloses a device is guaranteed to car connector stitch position degree, including support, first manipulator, second manipulator, pressfitting piece, stopper and fixed block. On first manipulator was located to the pressfitting piece, on the second manipulator was located to the stopper, on the fixed block was fixed in the support, pressfitting piece and stopper were located the both ends of fixed block respectively, seted up the mounting hole on the fixed block, first manipulator drive pressfitting piece is close to or keeps away from the mounting hole, and second manipulator drive stopper is acceptd in the mounting hole or is broken away from in the mounting hole, the pressfitting piece has compressed particleboard and spacer board, and compressed particleboard becomes a pressfitting face of buckling with the spacer plate -type, has offered the spacing groove on the stopper. Device is guaranteed to car connector stitch position degree is through setting up support, first manipulator, second manipulator, pressfitting piece, stopper and fixed block for the difficult emergence of stitch is crooked, and accurate control stitch inserts the hole groove depth degree of plastic shell, has improved the qualification rate of production, has improved production efficiency simultaneously.


In this study, it was investigated that the solution behavior of two carbon monoxide releasing molecules; Mn(CO) 3 (bpy)(N-imidazole)]PF 6 ( 1 ), [Mn(CO) 3 (bpy)(N-methylimidazole)]PF 6 ( 2 ) which showed anticancer activity via zetasizer properties such as measuring particle size, electrophoretic mobility and zeta potential as a function of pH and determined the global reactivity descriptors and molecular docking poses via computational chemistry. The activities of molecules in the different pHs were checked by UV/Vis spectrophotometer.


When Bed Rest Becomes Expensive Doctors recommend bed rest for one out of every five pregnant women for periods of time ranging from 1 week to 2 or more months. Although bed rest sounds like it should be free, its associated costs--hospitalization, wages lost by working women and women's lost productivity around the home--are $1416 per resting pregnant woman. This annually adds more than $1 billion to the national health care bill. According to recent findings of the Low Birthweight Patient Outcomes Research Team at the University of Alabama, much recommended bed rest is not warranted. Researchers report that the medical literature does not show enough evidence of effectiveness of bed rest at home or in the hospital to prevent first-trimester spontaneous abortion (which is usually caused by an abnormal fetus), preterm labor, fetal growth retardation, or buildup of fluid in the mother's tissues, also called edema. At the same time, bed rest itself can cause health problems~ including blood clots, loss of bone minerals, calcium depletion, and muscle atrophy. As with most medical care, the best advice from the experts is to review each case to determine why bed rest is being recommended. In some cases for example, preeclampsia or pregnancy-induced hypertension--bed rest is just what the doctor should order.


I have recently proposed that an object, found in an Egyptian tomb and exposed at the Egyptian Museum of Torino, could be a protractor. The tomb was that of architect Kha, supervisor at Deir El-Medina during the 18th Dynasty, and his wife Merit. Considering then the object as a protractor, the architect could have used it to measure the angle of the inclined planes.


We study the quantum correction to conductivity on the surface of cubic topological Kondo insulators with multiple Dirac bands. We consider the model of time-reversal invariant disorder which induces the scattering of the electrons within the Dirac bands as well as between the bands. When only intraband scattering is present we find three long-range diffusion modes which lead to weak antilocalization correction to conductivity, which remains independent of the microscopic details such as Fermi velocities and relaxation times. Interband scattering gaps out two diffusion modes leaving only one long-range mode. We find that depending on the value of the phase coherence time, either three or only one long-range diffusion modes contribute to weak localization correction rendering the quantum correction to conductivity non-universal. We provide an interpretation for the results of the recent transport experiments on samarium hexaboride where weak antilocalization has been observed.


Some of the pesticides used in the Irrigation District (DDR) Num. 101 Cuxtepeques, Chiapas, are banned in other countries and restricted in Mexico. This represents a risk for the environment and the health of people who uses them. The aim of this study was to determine the socio-demographic characteristics and determinants of exposure to pesticides in agricultural workers in Nueva Libertad as part of a project that was conducted in the eight locations covered by the irrigation district, whose agricultural production is maintained throughout the whole year. This is a cross-sectional study conducted from November 2008 to May 2009, to a 197 settlers. The working's process analysis was done as well as the application of a semi-structured questionnaire and open interviews with key people in Nueva Libertad, La Concordia, Chiapas. The data revealed that 96% of the agricultural workers in the locality know about the health problems associated with the improper handling of pesticides. However, the risks and danger were minimized and denied. For example, the lack of use of personal protection when applying the products, as the 99.5% answered, or the improper handling of pesticide containers, as 92.9% did.


Summary form only given. A theoretical model for pulsed ultrasonic inspection is described. A particularly attractive element of the model is that it predicts the pulse shape at the receiving transducer, based on the knowledge of the pulse shape scattered from some suitable reference reflector. The model is a development of that described by Chapman and Coffey (see CEGB Report No.NW/SSD/82/0034/R, 1982), and uses the earlier formulation to take account of the geometries of the flaw and test piece, the modelling of the transmitted probe beam, the geometry of the probe scan, the interaction of the incident field with the flaw to produce the scattered field, and the interaction of the scattered field with the receiving probe. Thus the model can properly be termed an integrated 'system' model.<
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Standard lipid tests measure the cholesterol or triglyceride content of lipoproteins, expressed as mg/dL (or mmol/L) of cholesterol or triglyceride. A standard lipid panel includes total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides. These lipids are carried within lipoprotein particles that are heterogeneous in size, density, charge, core lipid composition, specific apolipoproteins, and function.1 A variety of lipoprotein assays have been developed that subfractionate lipoprotein particles according to some of these properties such as size, density, or charge.2 These lipoprotein assays have been proposed for improving assessment of risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and for guiding lipid-lowering therapies. They are mostly used today in specialized lipid clinics or research studies, and their general utility for clinical practice is not well delineated.3 In this review, I first provide a summary of current guideline statements that address this topic. Then I give a brief overview of the different laboratory methods available for clinical use and discuss the literature evaluating these methods. Finally, I discuss current limitations to the widespread clinical application of these methods.


OBJECTIVE To study the adsorptive influence of attapulgite as adsorptive clarifier on chlorogenic acid and arctiin in traditional Chinese medicine decoction, and investigate the clarified effect of attapulgite on ineffective components. METHODS Using the contents of chlorogenic acid, arctiin, extracta and clarity of solution as indexes, the water extraction of honeysuckle flower great burdock achene and yinqiao jiedu granules were treated with different amount acidified and common attapulgite respectively. Further, these adsorptive effects were evaluated. RESULTS Attapulgite had a significant clarified effect on ineffective components, the reservatinon of chlorogenic acid was preferable, and arctiin was adsorpted with low amount. Acidified attapulgite was better than common attapulgite in clearing ineffective compontents. CONCLUSION Attapulgite can be used as adsorptive clarifier in the water extraction of yinqiao jiedu granules, especially, more modification evidences of surface structure about acided attapulgite would be awaited to study.


Objective:To explore the cause of pectoralis major myocutaneous flap necrosis.Methods:One hundred and forty-two cases who received PMMF operation were retrospectively studied and factors associated with necrosis of flaps were evaluated.Results:15 necrotic cases were encountered in 35 cases of PMMF operation complications,which included 2 cases of entire necrosis of flap,13 cases of partial necrosis.Conclusion:The whole circumstance of patients,method to prepare PMMF,the status of donor and recipient areas and the management during and after operation were related to the necrosis of PMMF.Proper preservation of blood supply for the flap,complete haemostasis during operation,good drainage,and adequate postoperative nursing were very important to prevent the flap necrosis.


Two experiments were conducted by the U. S. Geological Survey using LANDSAT-1 multi-spectral scanner (HSS) data to identify ground features that are indicators of sulfidebearing rock; a nearby known sulfide deposit was used as a "training area" (control). The first experiment used visual examination of false-color composites to locate possibly favorable areas; the second employed classification by digital computer processing.


Data aggregation is an important method to reduce redundant transmissions in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Authors proposed a secure data aggregation scheme for WSNs based on one-way function. The aggregators completed data aggregation, identity authentication and integrity checking without decrypting the cipher-text and ensured the privacy of transmitted data. Compared with related scheme, the proposed scheme has higher security in terms of resilient against active attack, node compromise attack and reduces the energy consumption effectively.


The pore sizes of unconventional reservoir rock, such as shale and tight rock, are on the order of nanometers. The thermodynamic properties of in-situ hydrocarbon mixtures in such small pores are significantly different from those of fluids in bulk size, primarily due to effect of large capillary pressure. For example, it has been recognized that the phase envelop shifts and bubble-point pressure is suppressed in tight and shale oil reservoirs. On the other hand, the stress-dependency is pronounced in low permeability rocks. It has been observed that pore sizes, especially the sizes of pore-throats, are subject to decrease due to rock deformation induced by the fluid depletion from over-pressurized tight and shale reservoirs. This reduction on pore spaces again affects the capillary pressure and therefore thermodynamic properties of reservoir fluids. Thus it is necessary to model the effect of stressdependent capillary pressure and rock deformation on tight and shale reservoirs. In this paper, we propose and develop a multiphase, multidimensional compositional reservoir model to capture the effect of large capillary pressure on flow and transport in stress-sensitive unconventional reservoirs. The vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) calculation is performed with Peng-Robinson Equation of State (EOS), including the impact of capillary pressure on phase behavior and thermodynamic properties. The fluid flow is fully coupled with geomechanical model, which is derived from the thermoporoelasticity theory; mean normal stress as the stress variable is solved simultaneously with mass conservation equations. The finite-volume based numerical method, integrated finite difference method, is used for space discretization for both mass conservation and stress equations. The formulations are solved fully implicitly to assure the stability. We use Eagle Ford tight oil formations as an example to demonstrate the effect of capillary pressure on VLE. It shows that the bubble-point pressure is suppressed within nano-pores, and fluid properties, such as oil density and viscosity, are influenced by the suppression due to more light components remained in liquid phase. In order to illustrate the effect of stress-dependent capillary pressure on tight oil flow and production, we perform numerical studies on Bakken tight oil reservoirs. The simulation results show that bubble-point suppression is exaggerated by effects of rock deformation, and capillary pressure on VLE also affects the reservoir pressure and effective stress. Therefore the interactive effects between capillary pressure and rock deformation are observed in numerical results. Finally, the production performance in the simulation examples demonstrates the large effect of large capillary pressure on estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) in stress-sensitive tight reservoirs.


This paper analyzes on some main causes influencing the quality of the service for readers of university library, and puts forward some paths for improving the quality of the service for readers of university library such as strengthening librarians'service conception, intensifying the service consciousness, and introducing the CS managerial conception and transpositive consideration, etc.


The versatile new precursor to bis-2,2′-bipyridine complexes of IrIII, cis-[IrIII(bpy)2(OSO2CF3)2][CF3SO3](bpy = 2,2′-biyridine), has been isolated and used for the preparation of the new hydrido complexes of IrIII, cis-[Ir(bpy)2(PPh3)H][PF6]2 and cis-[Ir(bpy)2H2][PF6], and for an improved, high-yield synthesis of [Ir(bpy)3][PF6]3.


Report presents an evaluation of accuracy of Fluid Dynamics Package (FIDAP) computer program. Finite-element code for analysis of flows of incompressible fluids and transfers of heat in multidimensional domains. Includes both available methods for treatment of spurious numerical coupling between simulated velocity and simulated pressure; namely, penalty method and mixed-interpolation method with variable choices of interpolation polynomials for velocity and pressure. Streamwise upwind (STU) method included as option for flows dominated by convection.


This paper studies the role of bundling in the efficient provision of excludable public goods. We show that bundling in the provision of unrelated public goods can enhance social welfare. With a large number of goods and agents, first best can be approximated with pure bundling. For a parametric class of problems with binary valuations, we characterize the optimal mechanism, and show that bundling alleviates the free riding problem in large economies and decreases the extent of use exclusions. Both results are related to the idea that bundling makes it possible to reduce the incidence of exclusions because the variance in the relevant valuations decreases


This paper analyzes faculty scholarly collaboration networks at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS). A brief description of the mission and organization of NPS provides background. The source of the network data is described, and the process of data extraction and formatting is explained. Measures of papers, authors, collaborations, and unique collaborators are presented at the department level and university-level. Results also include network metrics like mean path length, diameter, component number and size, clustering coefficient, degree distribution, and betweenness. Statistical analysis quantifies similarities and differences between departments. The nature of inter-department collaboration is described. Several techniques for graph visualization support the numerical analysis. Expected results include the nature of components within departments and the university as a whole, degree and component distributions, and mean values for authors per paper and papers per author. Unexpected results include the absence of a giant component in the university graph and very high clustering coefficients.


Liquid crystal displays are now indispensable in everyday life. The display characteristics considerably depend on the configuration of liquid crystal (LC) molecules and interactions between the LC molecules and an alignment film surface. In this paper, we introduce various methods to control parameters that dominate the LC alignment. These parameters include order parameters, the pretilt angle, the director direction, and surface anchoring strength. We also introduce their evaluation methods. In particular, recent alignment film‐free technology is explained in detail. In addition, details of how these parameters are related to the display characteristics, particularly wide viewing angles and fast response characteristics, are described primarily with reference to recent technologies.


The methodological standards of monitoring programs recommend collecting material from stones, but this community is often absent in slow-flowing waters, whereas a great number of localities do offer bryophytic material for sampling. In order to investigate whether the kind of substrate (epilithic or bryophytic) influences the diatom-based biomonitor-ing results the structure of diatom assemblages from 13 anthropogenically altered springs were investi-gated. To examine differences between diatom assemblages, the species richness of diatom assemblages, H 0 (Shannon-Wiener diversity index), Trophic Diatom Index (TDI) and Specific Pollution sensitivity Index (SPI) were compared. The TDI and SPI differed significantly ( P = 0.002 and P = 0.004) between springs located in villages and springs away from villages, and did not differ significantly between epilithic and bryophytic samples ( P [ 0.05). No significant differences in species richness or the diversity index ( H 0 ) ( P [ 0.05) were found between the epilithic and bryophytic diatom assemblages. This study suggests that both the kinds of substrates can be successfully used for diatom-based water-quality bio-monitoring in mesotrophic and eutrophic environments. epilithon, submerged bryophytes, o oligotraphentic, ind of a broad spectrum of trophic conditions, m mesotraphentic, m-e meso-eutraphentic, eutraphentic, mes mesosaprobous, a alk


The psychoeducational intellectual work of Lev Vygotsky (1896-1943) provides a theoretical and sociohistorical meaning that allows you to see from a contextualized perspective the higher forms of self- regulation, conscious control and forms of self-governance. This contribution to the theory of the psychology of education is clearly consistent with the conclusions of the interaction approaches that have been developed by the sociology of the Chicago School (George Mead, 1863-1931), proposing the concept of "Symbolic Interactionism" (Herbert Blumer, 1900-1987), to explain the essentially social nature of the person and his actions, which were consolidated in the field of criminology. From the recognition of the pedagogical-educational purpose that is assigned to the process and juvenile criminal sanction, the present essay aims to use the socio- historical theoretical (Vygotsky) and interactionist (Mead-Blumer) reasoning, to think about the importance and influence they have in the setting of goals of the juvenile criminal system and how the criminal and educational processes have a high impact on the formation of subjectivities. In this way, it will state that the process of educational formation is an essential instrument of socialization and humanization of the subject.


(57) Abstract: is cast molded into the piston head, the light metal piston having a cooling channel made of sheet metal is to improve the heat transfer between the piston material and the cooling passage, the manufacturing cost of the cooling passage It must be improved. Cooling passage for this purpose has its partially along the circumferential direction, a narrow gap through which oil.


As part of the broader national response to global warming, local government in Queensland faces the challenge of implementing policy, organisational and technical initiatives to mitigate its carbon emissions. In Australia, this includes compliance with greenhouse gas emissions thresholds of 25,000tCO2-e under the federal government's National Greenhouse Energy Reporting (NGER) Act 2007 and Clean Energy Act 2011. The implementation of a federal carbon tax from 1 July 2012 will also increase the cost of electricity, fuel and materials for councils. This paper reviews carbon mitigation measures implemented by Queensland councils (n=32) at the City, Regional and Shire level, based on a climate change survey completed in 2012. The survey was based on carbon mitigation actions recommended in the Cities for Climate Protection (CCP) program, and a desktop review of climate change plans and carbon actions listed on Queensland council websites. The results from this survey of Queensland councils highlights their climate change responses, carbon mitigation measures, carbon emissions reporting, motives for emissions reduction, and internal or external barriers to implementing carbon mitigation actions. This survey found metropolitan, larger and/or coastal councils are more 'carbon-ready' (i.e. consolidating or mainstreaming carbon actions) than smaller, inland, rural Queensland councils (i.e. latent or emerging actions) (LGAQ, 2009). Climate change plans and associated carbon actions are mainly implemented by larger councils (>30,000 resident population). Carbon mitigation actions correlated with institutional size and capacity, coastal location, and assessment of carbon emissions from council operations. In this study, Queensland councils were largely minimalistic or opportunistic in climate change mitigation while a few progressively integrated low carbon actions in council operations. The paper identifies key challenges for local government in moving to a low carbon future.


The article deals with the classification of radar equipment based on two features: on the location of the receiving and transmitting points in space, as well as by the method of generating an informative signal at the receiving point. The most significant parameters in the development of a moving target detector near the underlying surface have been observed.


Antibiotics (AB) are administered for medical prophylaxis (MP) to prevent infectious complications. The second national point prevalence survey (PPS) of healthcare-associated infections and AB use was conducted in Italy in 2016-2017. The survey found MP accounted for nearly 25% of all registered ABs, more than twice the EU/EEA proportion. The aim of this study was to evaluate how many ABs were administered for MP and how frequently general indications were followed.

 Data from the PPS were used to evaluate the prevalence of indications for MP over the total number of ABs, the proportion - among these indications - of those justified by a motivation in the patients' charts, and the prevalence of ABs considered appropriate for MP. The evaluation was made in 12 hospitals out of 14 participating in the PPS in Piedmont, chosen on the basis of patient traceability. According to national guidelines, the indications for MP that were considered appropriate in this study were: Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for P. carinii pneumonia, Rifaximin for diverticulitis, Penicillin for Streptococcal infections and for splenectomized patients, and Rifampin for TB infections.

 1844 AB prescriptions were registered among 1334 traceable inpatients in Piedmont. The prevalence of indications for MP was 16.2% and 253 ABs (84.6%) were prescribed with a motivation. Only 3% of ABs registered as MP were appropriate for this indication: Bactrim 2%, Rifaximin 0.3%, Penicillin 0.2% and Rifampin 0.4%.

 This study found an extremely high rate of inappropriate ABs for MP, that will be further investigated through qualitative analysis of medical records to evaluate whether a misunderstanding of the PPS protocol occurred and empirical therapy was confused with MP. Nevertheless, this study highlighted the need for interventions to improve prescribing appropriateness for MP.

 This study found that only 2.98% of ABs registered as MP among traceable patients in Piedmont were appropriate for this indication. 15.38% of prescriptions for MP were not justified by a motivation. Interventions to improve prescribing appropriateness for MP could lead to a considerable reduction in inappropriate use of ABs, which is crucial in a country facing hyperendemic levels of AMR.


The resources of blue swimming crab (BSC) ( Portunus pelagicus ) in Asahan Waters are caught by fishers, that have used gillnets, which is the main target and bycatch is used to meet benefit activities, then there are concerns about the inappropriate crab management. This study aims to determine a number of crab production, crab condition, main target and bycatch proportion and the crab fishing gear feasibility. The method used in this research is a descriptive survey method. The results showed that the catch of BSC was 434.25 kg (86%) as the main target and bycatch was 15 kg (14%) with a composition of 19 species. Total of BSC was 1081 with an average carapace width of 103.57 mm for males and 96.60 mm for females. Based on the Decree of Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries No.1 year 2015, it is assumed that the gillnet used by fishers is a not feasible catching category for the juvenile crab growth.


This paper presents a componentized TOPPERS/ASP3 (a real-time operating system) time event notification using a plugin feature for the TOPPERS Embedded Component System (TECS). With emerging trends in cyber-physical systems, productivity is becoming a problem, owing to the complexity of such systems. To solve this problem, TECS has been proposed previously. Whereas TECS supports the generation of static API statements, however, it is limited insofar as it cannot generate certain complex statements, including those of the TOPPERS/ASP3 time event notification. Therefore, this paper proposes a TECS generator plugin that generates complex static API statements. The experimental results show that the runtime overhead is considerably low and that the proposed plugin is useful for componentizing the TOPPERS/ASP3 time event notification.


Matthew C. Jolly*, Elizabeth A. Letsky and Nicholas M. Fisk Centre for Fetal Care, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 OHS, UK Department of Haematology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 OHS, UK Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 OHS, UK


Theoretical background of spatial and spatiotemporal patterns in dynamical systems.- Experimental and model spatiotemporal patterns in electrochemical systems.- Cooperative dynamics of coupled and forced oscillators.- Spatial and spatiotemporal patterns in anodized semiconductors.- Convection as a source of self-organization in electrochemical systems.- Liquid membrane and other membrane oscillators.- Control of electrochemical chaos and unstable steady-states.


Objective: The penalty point system was introduced in Italy in June 2003. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health effects of this legislation in the Lazio region. Methods: Poisson models were used to compare emergency department visits, hospitalizations and death between the pre-law and post-law periods (July 2001–June 2003; July 2003–June 2004). Results: The emergency department visit rate ratio (RR) of the two periods was 0.87 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86 to 0.88); the corresponding hospital admission RR was 0.87 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.9). The death RR was 0.93 (95% CI 0.82 to 1.05). Conclusion: After the legislation was introduced, there were fewer visits to the emergency department, hospitalizations and death from road traffic injuries. However, the effect was lower than expected, and it decreased over time.


.RRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. SUBSCRIPONS FOR 1887. Ipuaur ona to the Association for 1887 became due on January 1st Members of Branches ar requested to pay the sme to their respetin Secrtaries. Members of the Aso not belonging to Brnes, as requested to forward their remittance to the General Seretary, 429, Strand, London. Post-office orders should be mad. payable at the West Central District Office, High Holborn.