Objective To investigate the relationship between expression of COX-2, bcl-2 and PCNA protein clinicopathological behaior in prostatic carcinoma (PCa). Methods Immunohistochemical SP method was used to evaluate the positivity of COX-2, bcl-2 and PCNA in 12 cases of benign pro-static hyperplasia(BPH) and 70 cases of PCa. Results The percentage of COX-2 protein positive expression was 8.33% in BPH but 61.43% in PCa.The positive stain of COX-2, bcl-2 and PCNA protein in PCa is significantly higher than that in BPH (P 0.05). Positivity rate for COX-2, bcl-2 and PCNA was significantly up-regulated with the decrease of the tumor cell nuclear grade and the increase of the clinical stage (P0.05). The positive expression of COX-2, bcl-2 and PCNA in the group of metastasis increased significantly (P 0. 05). Conclusion The over expression of COX-2 might be related closely to the biological behaior of human PCa, both high proliferation and low apoptosis rates induced by COX-2 might play an important role in the carcinogenesis and progression of PCa.


The likelihood and forms of competition for status—or any other good—are dependent on how the good is allocated in society, and such allocation may, in turn, be strongly influenced by organizational efforts. We discuss the ways by which status allocation is organized in the fields of sports and higher education and analyse how and why certain forms of organization aid in constructing competition. Using the case of higher education, we show how actorhood, relationships, and status scarcity have been organized for a specific entity, the university. We argue that desire for status is more difficult to create by organizational efforts, and such desire may be difficult to justify within an organization. We end the chapter by discussing strategies for organizations competing for status and the risks that such strategies involve.


Four ultramafic bulk compositions comprising only natural minerals were used to constrain the stability field of chlorite in a variety of subducted, chlorite-rich rocks through an examination of key chlorite dehydration reactions relevant to the sub-arc. Seventy-four piston cylinder experiments were conducted at a range of pressures (1.0 GPa to 5.0 GPa) and temperatures (500°C to 1150°C).
 Bulk 1 represents a chlorite mélange (Mg# = 0.94) typically formed in the subduction channel. This composition was used to examine the terminal chlorite reactions to olivine, orthopyroxene and spinel at low pressure and to olivine, garnet and spinel at high pressure. Chlorite achieves a thermal maximum stability at 2.0 GPa, 850°C, at 3.0 GPa, 850°C and at 5.0 GPa, 760°C. The terminal chlorite breakdown reaction rises at a much steeper Clapeyron slope than shown in previous studies. Bulk 2 contains additionally antigorite and tremolite, to constrain phase relations in more fertile compositions. Chlorite reacts with clinopyroxene at about 100°C lower temperatures and with orthopyroxene at about 20-60°C lower temperatures than the terminal chlorite breakdown. The reactions have a subparallel Clapeyron slope and none of the three chlorite dehydration reactions crosses the antigorite breakdown reaction up to 5 GPa. This demonstrates that chlorite is the most stable carrier of H2O to high temperatures in subducted ultramafic rocks. Chlorite mélanges that form at the subduction plate interface will dehydrate at 850-800°C, 80-120 km depth for intermediate to hot subduction geotherms and liberate 10-12 wt.% of H2O, triggering wet melting in associated sediments. For cold subduction geotherms, chlorite dehydration occurs at 780-740°C, 120-170 km depth. Interaction of such fluids with sediments will likely produce a supercritical fluid phase. No melting in the ultramafic rocks has been observed at the chlorite breakdown reactions. Wet melting of the chlorite mélange at 3 GPa occurred between 1100 and 1150°C.
 The stability of chlorite in more Fe-rich mélanges (bulk Mg#=0.50 and 0.68 respectively) were conducted at 3.0 GPa and revealed thermal maxima at 650°C and 765°C respectively. Collectively, the thermal stability of chlorite is dependent upon the Mg# of the bulk composition and spans over 200°C at sub-arc depths. The density of run products was calculated to test the validity of the chlorite mélange diapir model. With the progressive breakdown of chlorite, ultramafic chlorite mélanges transform into garnet peridotite, thereby losing any buoyancy they initially possessed. This makes the likelihood of mélange diapirs as a major transport mechanism through the sub-arc unfeasible.


The invention relates to an image processing apparatus and a control method thereof. The image processing apparatus is used for determining a monochrome area and a color area of an input image. The image processing apparatus comprises an acquisition unit that acquires an image characteristic value of the input image; and a determination unit that determines whether each pixel group in the input image is a monochrome area or a color area based on the image characteristic value acquired by the acquisition unit, wherein the acquisition unit acquires a plurality of image characteristic values corresponding to a plurality of acquisition areas including a determination target pixel group, and the determination unit determines whether the pixel group is a monochrome area or a color area based on the plurality of image characteristic values corresponding to the plurality of acquisition areas including the pixel group.


Leightweight directory access protocol (LDAP) service is a new technology being applied on the Internet. LDAP service has many great features to support PKI and PMI, such as providing quick and advanced search, hierarchy view of data. This paper presents the applications of LDAP service on PKI and PMI, and designs a Web-based LDAP server with JNDI.


This paper analyzes Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) launching devices (LDs), with an emphasis on Bungee Cord LDs as a representative of widely spread launching devices of a simpler structure. Four analyses are given in this paper: LD systems analysis against critical design requirements and the customer requirements, Analysis of the motion of the UAVCradle subsystem on the rail, Analysis of the cord selection and energetic capability of the cord according to design requirements, Analysis of the influence of aerodynamic lift and drag forces on the mathematical and mechanical/physical models – with the results compared. The paper recommends some types of Bungee Cord LDs in the early phase of design.


The purpose of this study was to construct a theory of sports competitiveness which would (1) contribute to a greater understanding of competitiveness as an aspect of human behavior affecting sports performance, and (2) serve as a source of hypotheses for experimental research and as a framework for interpretation of the results of experimental studies of competitiveness.


The soil erodibility factor according to the USLE method was calculated for selected Polish soils. Data from 10 experimental plots of different soils in black fallow a terrain slope of 10% and in sprinkling conditions, were used for the study. The comparison of real data and data obtained form equations given by Wischmeier and Smith, as well as by Wiliams, revealed considerable differences in K USLE values of the investigated soils. The statistical investigations were conducted to find the best fitting between observed and numerically predicted K USLE values. The highest correlation (R=0.65) revealed the pair of M USLE and ln(K d /K w ) variables, where K d represents real K USLE values, while K w K USLE was calculated with Williams equation. The non-linear logarithmic regression model has shown the best fit, reaching the regression of R=0.77 between variables ln(K d /K w ), M USLE and outflow coefficient.


We present a new model atmosphere analysis of the most metal-contaminated white dwarf known, the DBZ SDSS J073842.56+183509.06. Using new high-resolution spectroscopic observations taken with Keck and Magellan, we determine precise atmospheric parameters and measure abundances of 14 elements heavier than helium. We also report new Spitzer mid-infrared photometric data that are used to better constrain the properties of the debris disk orbiting this star. Our detailed analysis, which combines data taken from seven different observational facilities (Galaxy Evolution Explorer, Gemini, Keck, Magellan, MMT, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and Spitzer), clearly demonstrates that J0738+1835 is accreting large amounts of rocky terrestrial-like material that has been tidally disrupted into a debris disk. We estimate that the body responsible for the photospheric metal contamination was at least as large as Ceres, but was much drier, with less than 1% of the mass contained in the form of water ice, indicating that it formed interior to the snow line around its parent star. We also find a correlation between the abundances (relative to Mg and bulk Earth) and the condensation temperature; refractory species are clearly depleted, while the more volatile elements are possibly enhanced. This could be the signature of a body that formed in a lower temperature environment than where Earth formed. Alternatively, we could be witnessing the remains of a differentiated body that lost a large part of its outer layers.


Musi River Sungsang Village which is located near the settlement makes people throw garbage into the sea during high tides so that it will affect water quality and have an impact on macrozoobenthos. It is im-portant to know the diversity of macrozoobenthos in the waters of the Musi River in Sungsang Village, South Sumatra. This research was carried out from January 2018 to August 2018 in the Musi River in Sungsang Vil-lage, South Sumatra by using the method of direct observation and randomized group design. The research location was determined by purposive sampling method and divided into 4 stations, each station had 1 line transect and each line transect was taken as many as 10 samples. ANOVA, overley and correlation analysis are used to process data. Based on research conducted in the Musi River in Sungang Village, there were 14 ma-crozoobenthos taxa consisting of 3 classes: bivalves, gastropods and polychaeta. Index of macrozoobenthos di-versity in Musi River in Sungsang Village is classified as ranging from 0,000 – 1,733. Organic matter does not af-fect macrooobenthic in the Musi River in Sungsang Village, South Sumatra


The present study was undertaken to determine whether measurements of chronaxia might be of value as indicators of the conditions in the brain associated with intellectual or cognitive performances. Specifically, we wished to determine whether there is any relation between various chronaxic measures and the level of intelligence of a subject as measured by the Binet tests. Our reason for thinking that a relation may exist lies in the body of evidence that the chronaxias of motor nerves depend on the influence of the higher brain centers. It is possible, then, that the conditions in the brain on which the chronaxias depend are also factors in intellectual performances. If this association does exist, an additional point of attack on the question of the constitutional basis of intelligence will become available. The literature relating to the influence of conditions in the brain on the chronaxias of motor nerves is not altogether


Social media has become the primarymethod to stay in touch and updated on the ongoingsof people's lives. Individuals constantly post on itbeing oblivious to the metadata that is shared alongwith their images and videos. This metadata containsinformation that might be personal. Big data miningcompanies have access to this data and this data canalso be obtained by any person when he is looking. Theinformation includes details like the location, date itwas taken, etc. Now how these companies and peoplehandle the data is uncertain and raises concerns aboutprivacy. This research sheds some knowledge on whatsort of data is passed along while posting. This paperprovides a python code to remove this data so that noinformation falls in the hands of the third party unlessintended. This will help users to freely post on socialmedia and be fully in control of the information theyput out for the world to see.Keywords- Metadata, privacy


This research work was undertaken to determine the extent of oil pollution on a polluted site of Niger-Delta area of Nigeria by investigating the concentration of physicochemical characteristics properties like pH, Total Dissolved Solid, Electrical Conductivity, Oil and Grease and presence of heavy metals like Nickel, Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Lead, Iron, Zinc, Arsenic in the collected soil samples from different sampling locations were determined. Environmental Guidelines and Standards for the Petroleum Industry in Nigeria was used to determine if the test result falls within the acceptable limit. Test result indicated that, lead, copper, chromium cobalt, zinc, cadmium, nickel and arsenic were within acceptable limits whereas electrical conductivity, oil and grease, and iron were found to be very high and above specified limits. Test result indicated that electrical conductivity increased from 1320 to 3525 (μS/cm) with highest value seen with sample from 100m from highly polluted site and lowest in highly polluted soil sample. Total dissolved solid also increased from 690 to 1760 (mg/l) with the highest with soil sample at 100m from highly polluted site and lowest soil sample at 1m depth from highly polluted soil surface sample. Oil and grease and Ph also follow the same trend. Therefore in other to assess the effect of pollution on ecosystem, the chemical analysis of the concentration of the pollutant at the site should be employed. Keyword: chemical analysis, Electrical conductivity, oil pollution, physicochemical properties, TDS.


This paper described a text-independent speaker verification system applied to finding voices of well-known persons in broadcast news shows. Two different classifiers were trained and tested with test segments manually defined by annotators. In these conditions, the SVM-GSV classifier performed better than the GMM-UBM one, particularly for longer segments. The performance difference for short and long segments led us to create a GMM-UBM+SVM-GSV system which classifies a test segment using one of two classifiers, depending on the duration of the test segment. This system was used to identify target speakers in recent news shows, for which segments were automatically defined by an Audio Pre-Processing module. The performance of the GMMUBM+SVM-GSV system was lower, which led to new successful experiments with further tuning. The results obtained are integrated into the existing media monitoring system and presented in a web page, where it is possible to view a video of each segment assigned to each speaker identified by the system.


Background Fluorine 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) has been proven to be valuable in guiding the diagnosis and management of sarcoidosis. However, its differential value for sarcoidosis is unclear. The objective of this study was to explore the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in differentiation sarcoidosis from lung cancer with lymph node metastasis. Methods A total of 361 consecutively diagnosed sarcoidosis patients and 1,944 consecutively diagnosed lung cancer patients at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Among them, 85 patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis and 94 lung cancer patients with lymph node metastasis were enrolled. Demographic data and 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters were analyzed by the chi-square test or independent sample Student's t-test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to identify cut-off values. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of sarcoidosis on 18F-FDG PET/CT, and those with P<0.1 were included in a regression model using the forward log rank (LR) method to generate a ROC curve. Results The ratio of extrapulmonary lymph node involvement in sarcoidosis patients was significantly higher than that in lung cancer patients (64.7% vs. 29.8%, P<0.001). After adjusting for gender and age, extrapulmonary lymph node involvement [odds ratio (OR): 3.160; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.105–9.035], maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of mediastinum/hilar lymph nodes >13.86 (OR: 3.245; 95% CI: 1.045–10.083), and short axis of the corresponding lymph node >11.5 mm (OR: 5.470; 95% CI: 1.149–26.037) on 18F-FDG PET/CT were independent predictors of sarcoidosis, with a sensitivity and specificity of 77.5% and 69.3%, respectively. The area under the curve was 0.769. Conclusions 18F-FDG PET/CT could be helpful to distinguish sarcoidosis from lung cancer patients with lymph node metastasis.


As a new product in the field of service robots, the sweeping robot has made some achievements, but there are still many key technical problems to be solved or improved. This paper focuses on the precise obstacle avoidance and highly sensitive execution of the sweeping robot, and designs a sweeping robot based on STM32 microcontroller. The infrared ranging and ultrasonic ranging are combined to achieve accurate data acquisition. When the measurement distance is relatively close, infrared ranging is used. Otherwise, the ultrasonic distance measurement is adopted. In addition, PID algorithm is used to speed up the response of the system, and the motion state of the sweeping robot is adjusted through prediction data to ensure the accuracy of STM32 execution. It provides reference for the development of sweeping robot industry.


This pocket-sized guide describes and illustrates in colour some 220 of the commoner minerals (147) and rocks (81). After a brief introduction to the physical properties of minerals and to the main rock …


The classification method of "nonself" according to different intrusion activities, based on system call sequences was introduced to identify "nonself" intrusion program identified in general computer immune system model (GECISM). Rules were extracted from training set and the feature library of "nonself" class was built, so that the class that "nonself" program belongs to could be tested correctly. The experiments verify the feasibility and effectiveness of this method.


We show how to get the reduced super phase space for a classical spinning particle and how to quantize this theory. This technique introduces a Grassmannian ''Hamiltonian'' and a corresponding Grassmannian ''time'' parameter.


With the unveiling of President Clinton's Adoption 2002 Initiative in 1996 and the enactment of the Adoption and Safe Families Act in 1997 by Congress, increased attention has focused on adoption as a service for children in out-of-home care who cannot or will not return home. A growing number of children in out-ofhome care are waiting for adoptive families. Many of these children have complex needs. Child welfare agencies across the country are facing critical challenges in ensuring that all waiting children receive quality adoption planning and services, that adoptive families are recruited and well-prepared to adopt, and that adoptive families and children receive ongoing support after adoptive placements and following legal finalization. The President's Adoption 2002 Initiative and the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997, which build on the landmark Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-272), respond to significant challenges in the child welfare system, all of which have important implications for special needs adoption: Growth in the number of children in out-of-home care who will need adoption planning and services. It is estimated that at the end of 1996, 502,000 children were in out-of-home care [National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse 1997], and that approximately 110,000 of these children would need adoptive families [Golden 1998]. Historically low rates of legalized adoptions for children in outof-home care. The number of adoptions completed for children in out-of-home care has ranged over the past decade from 17,000 to 21,000 annually, numbers that reflect increasingly smaller percentages of children in out-of-home care who needed adoptive families [Tatara 1993]. Recent increases in the number of adoptions of children in careestimated at about 36,000 in fiscal year 1998 [Kroll 1999]suggest that it is indeed possible, with a focused effort, to legalize adoptions for more waiting children. Growing backlogs of children waiting for adoptive families. A 1991 study of 20 states found that children for whom adoption was planned remained in out-of-home care an average of 3.5 to 5.5 years and, in many communities, even longer [McKenzie 1993]. Almost half of the children in outof-home care whose adoptions were legalized in 1990 had spent two years or more awaiting adoptive placements [Tatara 1993]. A recognition that the longer children wait for adoption, the longer they continue to wait. Studies consistently show that the older the child, the longer he or she is likely to wait for adoption, if adoption occurs at all. In fiscal year 1990, for example, more than one-half of waiting children were six years old or older [Tatara 1993]. Perhaps most telling was the difference in the median age between children who were actually adopted and those awaiting adoption: in fiscal year 1990, the median age of children actually adopted was 4.6 years, compared to a median age of 7.4 years for children awaiting adoption [Tatara 1993). A recognition that the great majority of children in out-of-home care waiting for adoptive families have special needs. Data has shown a steady increase in the percentage of children with special needs awaiting adoptive placements-from 47.4% in fiscal year 1984 to 71.7% in fiscal year 1990 [Tatara 1993]. A survey of 25 states by the Child Welfare League of America [1997] found that 93% of the children placed for adoption in 1996 had special needs. These needs include physical disabilities, serious emotional and behavioral problems, prenatal exposure to alcohol and other drugs, and HIV/AIDS [Rycus et al. 1998]. In response to these pressing needs, the President's Adoption 2002 Initiative set as a goal the doubling of the number of adoptions and other permanent placements for children in out-of-home care by the year 2002. The Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997, with its emphasis on safety, permanency, and well-being, has promoted changes designed to make the child welfare system more responsive to the multiple and often complex needs of children and families [U. …


This paper analyzes the limitation of classic Kalecki theory based on globalization and financial liberalization so as to study whether FDI's investment profits outflow will make host countries' current account of BOP deficit, and find that the conclusions of Kalecki theory will be inaccurate as long as host countries scale up their investment overseas and make the income account in Balance of Payments(BOP) positive. Introduction Most of governments and institutes treat the current account as a leading indicator to judge the equiliubrium of BOP. As we know, FDI's investment profits outflow can influence the income account in Balance of Payments and then affect the current account indirectly, it has deficit effect on the current account. Thus, will it lead to the current account deficit in the long run? Literature Review Kalecki(1966)[1] studied the problem synthetically that FDI's profits outflow could influence host countries' BOP equilibrium firstly. He argued that the deficit of BOP can not be avoided as long as the FDI's net yield to their profits outflow ratio maintains a fixed rate. A number of economists study the problem later and most of them have drawn similar conclusions to Kalecki. Woodward(2001)[2] argued that FDI is to get profits like other external capitals, and its profits outflow would bring unfavorable influence to host countries' BOP which might cause currency crises. Yongding YU(2003)[3] argued that China will have to export goods to pay FDI's profits outflow and it will probably cause currency crises in the long run. Zhonggen MAO(2005)[4] analyzed the causes of Italian currency crises in 1992, Mexican financial crises in 1994 and Malaysian financial crises in 1997, and found that these crises were not due to the trade deficits but due to the current accounts deficit caused by the numerous outflow of FDI's profits before crises. Kim et al. (2011) [5]argued that capital inflow might cause the exchange rates appreciation, and then it would worsen the current account and even trigger a currency crisis. Shusong Ba(2013)[6] is afraid that FDI's profits will probably outflow on a large scale when the foreign enterprises are shocked suddenly by domestic or external economic and political situaion, which maybe cause BOP imbalance. Ling Yin and Xieqiu Wan(2015)[7]argued that FDI's investment profits outflow will reduce the balance of the current account after co-integration analyzing. Some other economists, however, have drawn their conclusions differrent with Kalecki. Rossinia and Zanghierib(2009)[8] argued that FDI net inflows (proxy of equity capital) allow emerging economies to sustain larger CA imbalances with respect to CA deficits financed by inflows of more liquid assets. Ansari and Ojemakinde(2003)[9] found the rising share of the service sectors in the US economy had caused the service account surplus, which could also make up FDI's profits outflow. Yu Zhang and Jiazhi Xie(2011)[10] argued that Kalecki neglected the several factors of short term capital flow, exchange rates regimes and the possible influence of FDI on export in his analysis. 6th International Conference on Electronics, Mechanics, Culture and Medicine (EMCM 2015) © 2016. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 480 It can be seen that the conclusions about the problem of the effect of FDI's profits outflow on the current account are so different. Under the background of globalization, however, it is necessary to analyze the applicability of Kalecki theory from a new perspective. Theoretical Analysis and Kaleci Model's Improving On the basis of Kalecki theory, it is only a time problem for FDI profits to be remitted back to their home countries which own the profits and hence it is sure that the influence on host countries' current account is deficit. Under the background of globalization, however, the situation is changing. At present most of the literatures focus on the comparison of FDI investment profits outflow with FDI inflow or the host countries' trade balance and neglect the factor of host countries ' investment overseas while analyzing FDI's influence on the current account based on Kalecki theory. For this reason, they argued that the current account would be deficit when FDI inflow or the host countries' trade surplus could not compensate FDI's profits outflow. It can't reflect the relationship between FDI and the current account balance exactly based on IMF《BOP Manual (6th ed)》since their conclusions were not drawn based on the comparison of FDI's investment profits outflow with the host countries' investment return overseas but on the comparison of FDI investment profits outflow with FDI inflow or the host countries' trade balance. This is probably because of the era characteristics of Kalecki living that international economic globalization and financial liberalization had not developed to the extent like nowadays, the scale of capital flow was not large and the activity of investment overseas among world countries was not active during 1960s, thus the status of investment return overseas in BOP, which affected the current account balance weakly, was not obvious so that the researchers tended to neglect the factor while analyzing FDI's influence on the host countries' current account. With the rapid development of international economic globalization and financial liberalization in 20th century, the status of the investment return overseas in BOP is prominent more and more, and hence it is necessary to pay more attention to the factor while analyzing FDI's influence the on host countries current account. As the return of capital investment, although the income account in BOP includes workers share, the investment return overseas is usually neglected due to its small sum. The income account is very important in the current account since it reflects a country's net capital overseas. If the host country's net investment overseas is not large while FDI inflow is numerous, there will be less opportunities of getting income overseas and more opportunities of paying income to foreign countries, accordingly it needs more trade surplus to compensate the income account deficit for the purpose of maintaining the current account equilibrium. If the service account is also deficit, however, as Kalecki theory describing, it will counteract and narrow the trade surplus, which results in the current account deficit in the end; on the contrary, the current account is not always deficit finally even though the trade account or the service account is deficit if the host country has more net foreign assets, namely it invests more overseas than FDI inflow. TILLE(2008) [11] has also drawn similar conclusion about the problem above. In fact, there is a hidden hypothesis in Kalecki Model that the host country's income account is always deficit, which can be described with mathematic language below: Given that: profit  ―the investment return balance; outprofit ―FDI's investment profits; inprofit―the host country's investment return overseas,then profit=outprofit-inprofit  (1) It can be found in equation(1) that FDI's effect on the income account in the current account depends on the balance between FDI's profits outflow and the host countries' investment returns based on IMF《BOP Mannaul》(6th ed) while the hidden hypothesis in Kalecki Model is profit  <0. Actually, as long as profit  >0,that is inprofit >outprofit,the conclusion drawn from Kalecki Model is not correct.


Professor Liao Xudong's grammatical studies of chuci is a breakthrough in the study of grammar. It is not only a grammatical book, but also a philological book, reflecting the popular thought of Mr. Liao with regard to the management of schools.


We propose a dynamic wavelength and bandwidth allocation algorithm with QoS (quality-ofservice) for a TWDM PON (time and wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network) system of NG-PON2 (next generation PON stage 2). Unlike other existing methods, the proposed method supports multiple service classes and is compliant to the NG-PON2 recommendation. To increase the wavelength allocation efficiency, upstream wavelengths are reallocated during the scheduling process. We evaluate the proposed algorithm using computer simulations under balanced and unbalanced traffic.


Nontoxic adenomatous multinodular goiter (AMNG) in infants is a rare condition. We discuss an extremely rare case of a nontoxic AMNG in a 3‐month‐old female presenting with airway obstruction. Surgical resection of the mass was performed to reduce the burden on the airway and for diagnosis. The literature is reviewed, and the clinical characteristics, pathology, and surgical treatment are discussed. Laryngoscope, 124:2636–2639, 2014


Interestingly, Lily applies the split vowel digraph 'i-e' in the word 'write' correctly but not 'a-e' in the word 'make', shown as a plausible attempt 'maik'. Other phonemically plausible attempts are shown in words such as 'reed' for 'read' and 'lern' for 'learn', which indicate how she is applying phase three phonemes into words. At times, Lily is also aware that there are alternative graphemes for the phoneme 'ai'. For example, although incorrect, Lily spells the word 'they' as 'thay'. Beyond this, as would be expected, there are words that Lily has mastered from phonic phases already taught, which are illustrated in the vowel‐consonant (VC) words 'it' and 'is', the consonant‐vowel‐consonant (CVC) words 'can', 'pet', 'will' and the tricky word 'you', and the consonant‐consonant‐vowel‐consonant (CCVC) word 'from'.


The purpose of this work was to study the effect of turmeric extract on behavior indicators, the severity of the cellular immune response in animals in a state of experimental alcoholism. Experimental models: mouse males (CBAxC57Bl/6)F1 three months of age (n = 60). Alcohol dependence in experimental animals was formed by the method of 6-month soldering with a 10% ethanol solution. In the control groups, the animals received per os water or 10% ethanol solution, in the experimental group - an extract of turmeric powder in a solution of ethanol. Mice behavior was assessed in the "open field" test. The severity of the cellular immune response to sheep erythrocytes was assessed by the intensity of the development of a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction.It was found that the use of turmeric extract against the background of taking ethanol solution in animals with experimental alcoholism leads to the stimulation of behavior and the increase of the cellular immune response to the level characteristic of healthy animals of the corresponding age.Results indicates the protective effect of turmeric on a number of parameters of the functional activity of the nervous and immune systems during chronic ethanol intoxication.


Polyuria (PU) and polydipsia (PD) are common presenting signs in dogs but less common in cats. Compensatory mechanisms that regulate water homeostasis mean that PU and PD always occur together. Most causes of PU/PD cause a primary PU with a secondary PD. There are a number of causes with some difference in the relative frequencies in dogs and cats (see Tables 1 and 2). LOGICAL APPROACH Most causes of PU/PD are serious diseases that require specific therapy. Therefore 'symptomatic' treatment is rarely appropriate and a logical series of investigative steps, if necessary undertaken over a series of veterinary consultations, is appropriate. The approach to PU/PD should be in this general order (which can be modified at any stage depending on the results) : 1. History 2. Physical examination 3. Urinalysis 4. Biochemistry (including T4 in cats) 5. Haematology 6. Hyperadrenocorticism screening test (less so in cats)


Asynchronous Transfer Mode has been consistently regarded as the basic transfer technology for broadband network. The architecture of ATM protocol and its cell switching principles are introduced basically in this paper, as well as ATM network resource management schemes. And the key techniques of ATM switches and its combination with IP network are analyzed in detail, followed by survey of these techniques. Finally the application problems of ATM technology are mentioned with proposals in the end of this paper.


Review of a video titled "The Day I Died: The Mind, the Brain, and Near-Death Experiences," an educational BBC program produced by Kate Broome about near-death experiences.


Nowadays many reports of ROA spectra of model prote ins and polypeptides have been described, the ROA signatures being closely re lated with their known secondary structures. 1-2 To further progress in this direction, we report h ere the ROA spectra of the well-known globular protein BSA (Bovine Serum A lbumin) in the presence of different surfactants which share a common hydropho bic tail. Our objective is to correlate the structural specificities of the surfa ctant-protein interaction with the ROA signatures by following the protein unfolding proce ss.


In order to realize the education aim that ancient academy should cultivate imperial examination talent as possible as they can, Ancient academy in Tsing dynasty strictly stipulated their activities such as selecting the president of academy, discriminating student and proceedings of endowing outlay by set down and perfected their constitution. Thus it can be seen that constitution is the important guarantee and representation that Ancient Academy served for imperial examination.


Neglecting elastic scattering in the inversion process for reconstructing composition–depth profiles from angle-resolved Auger/XPS spectra leads to several effects that are likely to be misinterpreted. For example, there appears to be an erroneous diffusion of the substrate material to the surface in the case of a simple overlayer. In addition, the thickness of the overlayer is likely to be overestimated by typically ∼20% for Auger/XPS energies.


The stability of a granular bed sheared by a liquid flow is investigated using an erosion-deposition model for the moving grains. Extending to arbitrary wave number a previous long wave analysis [F. Charru and E. J. Hinch, J. Fluid Mech. 550, 111 (2006)], this study shows that short waves are stabilized by a crest-erosion mechanism that is absent when the local particle flux is assumed to be in equilibrium with the local bed shear stress. The cutoff length associated with this mechanism scales on a deposition length of the particles. This characteristic length is similar, although of a different physical nature, to the inertial length involved in relaxation models of dune dynamics under the wind. Two stabilizing mechanisms cooperate for the most amplified wave number: the new crest-erosion mechanism and the gravity force parallel to the local slope of the inclined bed. The predictions of this model are compared to observations, showing better agreement than previous stability analyses, which strongly unde...


The bismuth oxybromide (BiOBr) semiconductor has been used in photocatalytic CO2 reduction for a long time, but the catalytic activity remains low. Herein, the Zn‐doped BiOBr photocatalysts (called Zn‐BiOBr) was syn‐ thesized by a simple hydrothermal method, which put out higher catalytic activity than pure BiOBr under visible light. The results showed that the synthesized 2% Zn‐BiOBr exhibited the highest photocatalytic rate of 8.49 μmol· h-1, which was 13 times higher than pure BiOBr. The enhancement mechanism of photocatalytic activity was also studied. Under visible light, Zn ‐BiOBr catalyst is excited and creates photo ‐ induced electrons and holes, which effectively improve the conversion of CO2 into CO. Doping of zinc provides BiOBr with a more suitable band gap and energy band defects, facilitates the separation of photogenerated charges, and reduces the recombination rate of pho‐ togenerated electrons, all of which contribute to the CO2 conversion efficiency.


This paper focuses on the journalism workshops held in Ussita (Italy) during the 2019's winter. The workshops were aimed at children and they involved local kids from 5 to 10 years old. This project was a part of the data collection for the doctoral research program "Growing up informed". The method involved participants observation, field recording, written and drawn material. Ussita is one of the towns wrecked by the earthquakes of 2016. We chose this place because the research program focuses also on media education as a mean to develop territorial awareness. Territorial awareness may be crucial after an earthquake, for it is one of the features that create resilience. The main teaching activity was about explaining to children how to make interviews, matching a previous format we studied in 2018. They made interviews in different locations and situations. They were able to meet a photographer, a biologist (Ussita is part of a National Park), a member of a local association. The children also visited several old people in their emergency homes to interview them. We organized a follow up in April in which they had to interview some local adults about a traditional festival that was about to be held. The group managed to interview these people, even if the context was slightly different, showing they remembered what they have learned. The results show how children managed to tackle a variety of local topic (nature, history, problems, opportunity) by interviewing people and how the activity affected their local awareness in this sensitive moment.


The involvement of immune pathological pathways in the manifestation of complex neuroinflammatory diseases is difficult to address in humans. Schizophrenia is associated with systemic inflammation, trauma, and a higher prevalence of antibody formation. An altered immune response in the central nervous system also plays a role in multiple sclerosis, with evidence for virus infections, and viral reactivation during relapse. Using material from patients with schizophrenia and major depression, primary analyses addressed measurements of inflammatory cytokines using validated assays (Siemens, Immulite), followed by electron microscopy of dendritic cells detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with i)phagocytic properties (phDC) and ii) the capacity to secrete microparticles.The third component addresses the contents of miRNA species in fluid as well as membrane particle fractions of the CSF as compared to plasma isolated by ultracentrifugation. We repeatedly found increased concentrations of IL-1beta in patients' CSF at higher concentrations than in plasma. Morphological studies revealed phDCs with extensive membrane protrusions giving rise to microparticles. Microparticles, ectosomes and exosomes enriched by ultracentrifugation were successfully used to prepare miRNA isolates. Variations in the miRNA species identified, could explain altered gene expression patterns of meningeal cells in the brain. The protocol developed, is feasible to study larger patient populations and compare the miRNA patterns in microparticles, ectosomes and exosomes of CSF as compared to plasma. Results based on this concept may contribute to our understanding the complex etiology underlying these diseases. CELL TYPES AND MICROPARTICLE FORMATION IN THE CSF OF NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES


To extend the shelf life of buffalo Ricotta cheese, a process was assessed that included a second heat treatment followed by homogenisation and hot packaging. The microbiological and chemical characteristics as well as the oxidation degree of the product were determined over storage for 21 days using total antioxidant activity, redox potential, malondialdehyde content, and protein-bound carbonyl content. Homogenised buffalo Ricotta cheese has a longer shelf life than traditional Ricotta cheese, although the process could be optimised to reduce the total bacterial load during storage. No significant oxidative damage occurred during storage. This innovative process could promote the market expansion of Ricotta cheese.


Some Chinese Researchers of China histoy argued that Tuoba clans dominated Normadic People were Sinicized in the later period of Beiwei. The Evidence of Sinicization in the later period of Beiwei is the prevention of Xianbei and other nomads' speaking their languages, wearing their wool-made clothes, China-oriented political systeme of bureaucracy, government organization, Confucius rituals, etc. I denied Sinicization in the later period of Beiwei, and needed to prove that it is not true. So I select the Xianbei or normadic People's speaking languages for examples of no sinicization in the later period. Someone said that After Tuoba-dominated nomads or horse-riding warriors occupied Huabei (華北), or the Northern China proper it was certain for them to be Sinicized, speaking Chinese-speaking language, to eat Chinese foods, and to wear the Chinese Clothes in the early period of Beiwei.But in truth, they spoke their languages. For example, thirty-year-old nomadic people in 495, when the emperor Xiaowen prevented his nomadic subjects from speaking their langugues, were permitted speaking their languages as an exception. So, the officers, civillians, the privates, ennuches and a court ladies, etc., who had contected exceptional nomadic persons speaking their languges, probably used Xianbei or nomadic languges for communications to give and receive words in spheres of a government, military, court, and daily life. Most of all, the emperor Xiaoming, the grandson of the empeor Xiaowen, driving the policy of preventing his nomadic subjects from speaking their langugues and forcing them speaking Chinese language, sppke the Xianbei lagnguge, too, which symbolized the failure of preventing Xianbei or nomadic langugues.


The present work deals with a joint experimental investigation of free falling super-hydrophobic spheres in pure water at rest. The results derive from a collaboration between the University of Orléans (France) and the Monash University (Australia). The super-hydrophobic coatings have the ability, once immersed into water, to reduce the contact area between the liquid and the solid surface by entrapping an air layer in the surface roughness. We thus investigate a possible effect of this feature on the hydrodynamic drag of spheres, focusing on the terminal velocity region. Surprisingly, the hydrodynamic performance of super-hydrophobic coatings depends on the analysed Reynolds number regime. The drag increase evidenced for the small diameter spheres tends progressively to turn into a drag attenuation for the largest diameters spheres. A possible connection between the hydrodynamic performance and the deformation of the air layer encapsulating the coated spheres is proposed.


FIELD: electric engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention is related to the field of electric engineering, in particular to composite compounds used to form electrodes of chemical current sources. Composite compounds are suggested from tin and lithium, silicon and lithium, or tin, silicon and lithium, having nanodispersed tin and silicon in lithium-containing matrix, may be used as electrode materials and, in particular anode materials, intended for application with rechargeable batteries. Method for production of such composite compounds include oxidation of alloys, reaction of stabilised metal lithium powder with oxides of tin and silicon, and also reaction of inorganic salts of lithium with tin and silicon containing compounds. EFFECT: improved capacitance of batteries, and also provision of stable structure of electrode, which makes it possible for electrode to be multiply exposed to cycling without considerable reduction of efficiency, is technical result of invention. 9 cl, 9 dwg, 1 tbl, 5 ex


We interviewed 22 parents (18 couples and 4 single parents) of children with severe handicaps like John. John's father talks about his son: "It sounds harsh to say so, but John is not able to do anything by himself. After his birth, John's development came to a sudden stop. The only thing he does spontaneously is to urinate; that he can do all by himself. He cannot walk, eat, or drink. He cannot talk, and he is almost blind. He is complete ly dependent on other people." The in-depth interviews—consisting o f some 50 open-ended questions-were


This Mystory begins with a letter to my father's physician regarding the VA's decision to deny my father benefits for his service-related cancer. In reflecting on memories about loss, agency, community identity, and the environment, the narrative that follows reaffirms the integrity of place, while also serving as a platform for questioning discourses that emphasize lifestyle variables as the primary source of disease. In challenging the VA's decision, I allow for what Soyini Madison calls a "politics of possibility."


with succinct statements of the committee's conclusions and recommendations regarding the use of the GED tests in that particular area. The final section of the body of the report provides a discussion (admirably practical in its specificity) of procedures and techniques in the administration of these tests. Conclusions and recommendations follow. A selected bibliography is also included. The report leaves a generally favorable impression with the reviewer. Evidence that the committee was earnest and honest is found


This research developed an innovative play approach in the Indonesian context to explore the power of imagination in play to improve children's learning and development. By filming teachers and children as they developed a collective imaginary play in learning, this study shows a powerful impact of using imagination in play for children's learning and development in different areas, including science, technology, communication, wellbeing and creativity. The changes in teachers' practices, including teacher positioning as play-partners were found positive to help children develop. Therefore, this innovative play pedagogy is a potential tool for teachers to support children's learning and development.


A new singular alteration of dry seasoned salami is here described. The responsible bacteria has been identified as Serratia odorifera biogroup 1. The microorganism quickly multiplies on the surfaces of dry seasoned salami, it produces a pungent smell and liquefies the collagene which constitutes the bowels.


We describe how to use a Granular Linguistic Model of a Phenomenon (GLMP) to assess e-learning processes. We apply this technique to evaluate algorithm learning using the GRAPHs learning environment.


A high activity and stability for steam reforming of methanol were attained with a copper–alumina catalysts prepared by the coprecipitation method, particularly with those composed of a copper–alumina spinel (CuAl2O4) formed by calcination at relatively high temperatures (773–973 K).


A broadband beam forming network (BFN) based on a 4-way Butler matrix is proposed to provide full beam steering capability. The key component in fulfilling the design is a broadband tunable power divider (TPD), whose power division ratio (PDR) can be theoretically tuned from –∞ to +∞ with a low reflection coefficient, and with good port to port isolation from 2.16 GHz to 2.64 GHz. The TPD is designed based on phase reconfigurable synthesized transmission lines (PRSTLs) as the tuning elements, in which the characteristic impedance is kept unaltered during phased tuning. In order to achieve continuous beam steering capability, two beam ports of the Butler matrix are excited with an appropriate weighting factor between signals, which is generated and controlled by the TPD. The average transmission loss of the feeding network is -3.5 dB and the average deviation of the progressive phase shift at the output ports is less than 20° from 2.16 GHz to 2.64 GHz.


The invention discloses a vehicle wheel electricity generator and a vehicle power supply system with the vehicle wheel electricity generator. The electricity generator is installed in the vehicle wheel, which includes a stator and a rotor. The said rotor includes magnets films fixed in the inner ring of the wheel rim and disposed along the wheel rim circumference. The stator includes several supporting bars, generating pole bases, and generating poles and coils; the supporting bars are fixed in a bearing shell, and extending into the magnet films; the generating bases are fixed at the end of the supporting bars; a plurality of generating poles are extending from the generating pole bases towards the magnet films, and there is a certain gap between the generating poles and the magnet films; the coil winds on the generation poles, and the positive and negative electrodes at both ends of the coil are connected with the external circuit. The said system includes an automatic converter and a built-in charge-discharge circuit, an output of the automatic converter connected to the motor; two accumulator batteries are respectively connected to the automatic converter to provide electricity for the motor; the vehicle wheel electricity generator, a vehicle roof solar generating board, and an external power supply plug are respectively connected to the input of the automatic converter, thus charging for the accumulator batteries.


Since 2013, students in the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine have been working in Chicago communities to improve residents' heart health.


Newly developed stress increment measurement technique is presented. Based on stress inversion theory proposed by authors, spontaneous stress increment field can be obtained even if the material is under plastic deformation. We present here an application example of this technique by means of the stress increment field measurement at the crack tip of an aluminum plate under the monotonic loading. Strain field are necessary to solve this type of inverse problem, and laser speckle interferometry method which can measure all three axis displacement is used. Boundary traction is also required as boundary conditions, and this is also measured by laser since the material is elastic or traction-free at the boundary in this study. As the results; (1) stress increment field is obtained, (2) stress concentration is confirmed at the crack tip, (3) propagation of plastic region is observed. Since this technique is noncontact, non-destructive, and can be used to any materials, its application field can be almost unlimited.


Low thrust missions to destinations in the outer solar system are quite common since several years. In the majority of cases they are based on solar electric ion propulsion. Owing to the low available power, they are mostly long duration missions, in which the travel time is of the order of many years, sometimes decades, even if extensive use of gravity assist maneuvers is made.. The aim of the present paper is that of investigating which are the technological requirements to decrease drastically the travel time for low thrust missions to the outer solar system, in view not only of robotic exploration but also of future human exploration of the satellites of the giant planets. In the latter case low thrust spacecraft may be used at least as cargo ship to prepare the human presence in such distant places


In Ad Hoc network, there is no any central infrastructure but it allows mobile devices to establish communication path. Since there is no central infrastructure and mobile devices are moving randomly, gives rise to various kinds of problems, such as security and routing. In this paper we consider the problem of routing. Routing is one of the key issues in MANET because of highly dynamic and distributed nature of nodes. Especially energy efficient routing is most important because all the nodes are battery powered. Failure of one node may affect the entire network. Since every mobile node has limited power supply, energy depletion has become the main threats to the lifetime of the ad hoc network. So routing in MANET should be in an efficient way. In this paper, we present a survey of such energy efficient routing algorithms. KeywordsEnergy conservation, lifetime, load balancing, manet, routing.


The Vision of Modern Dance. Edited by Jean Morrison Brown. Illustrated, and with bibliography and index, 194 pp. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Book Company, 1979. $12.00. The Dance Anthology. Edited by Cobbett Steinberg. Appendices and biographical notes, 467 pp. New York: New American Library, 1980. $8.75. Dance as a Theatre Art: Source Readings in Dance History from 1581 to the Present. Edited, with commentary, by Selma Jeanne Cohen. Illustrated and with annotated bibliography, 224 pp. New York: Harper & Row, 1974. $8.50. The Dance Experience: Readings in Dance Appreciation. Edited by Myron Howard and Constance Gwen Nadel. With biographical notes and index, 388 pp. New York: Universe Books, 1978. $14.50; $6.95 paperback. The Dance Has Many Faces. Edited by Walter Sorell. With index and biographical notes, 288 pp. Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1951. Revised ed., with index, biographical notes, and reading guide, 276 pp. New York: Columbia University Press, 1966. $15.00.


The invention relates to a power transmission device for transmitting power between a drive and an output, having at least an input and an output, and an at least partially disposed in a with an operating medium, in particular oil, fillable space device for damping vibrations, which is coupled to a speed-adaptive absorber , The invention is characterized in that the speed-adaptive absorber q as a function of the oil flow to an effective order is designed


In this study, it is aimed to analyse the postgraduate theses (master's) published in the field of drama education in Turkey. In this context, 342 postgraduate theses (master's) which have been published between 2010 and 2022 and made available to access at the Higher Education Council (YÖK) national thesis centre are included in the scope of the study. This research is a qualitative research and data were collected by document analysis technique. The sample of the study was determined by the criterion sampling method, which is one of the purposive sampling strategies. In order to examine the theses reached, "Thesis Review Form" was developed by the researchers for the purpose of the study, including university, year, gender, study group, method and data collection tool. While analysing the data, it was analysed in terms of frequency (f) values according to the categories in the postgraduate thesis review form prepared in Microsoft Excel. The findings obtained from the theses, full texts of which were reached, were compared in terms of similar and different results, and a common conclusion was revealed. As a result of the analysis, the findings were presented in tables in order to provide better understanding. The results obtained from the research are as follows: Gazi University (15.5%) ranks first among 70 universities that have published postgraduate theses (master's) in the field of drama education. The most postgraduate theses (master's) on drama education was written in 2019 (27.5%). Female researchers (74.6%) worked more in this field than male researchers. Quantitative research method (44.4%) is the most preferred research method in postgraduate theses (master's). Those who wrote thesis in the field of drama education preferred secondary school students (33.3%) more as the research group. Scale (26.9%) and achievement test (28%) are the most used data collection tools in research.


Rational drug use is a very warm discussion in the health care system in Indonesia. This is possible because of reports of the occurrence of errors in the selection and use of drugs freely by the community without based on adequate knowledge, causing undesirable side effects. Real Teaching Action (RTA) is an effort to improve people's knowledge through short learning activities about drug information. The information conveyed among others is about the classification of drugs, the steps to use the drug "DAGUSIBU" (Get, Use, Save and Dispose of), self-medication and route of administration of the drug. The measurement method used is a pretest and posttest design to measure the success rate of the program which is divided into 5 measurements. The location used as an activity is in Sendang Village, Purwantoro Subdistrict, Wonogiri Regency, Central Java, with the target of housewives who are then referred to as AKU (Superior Family Pharmacists) cadres. The results of the activity are known to have increased the knowledge of respondents through pretest-posttest with a percentage value of 27.19% - 97%. So it can be concluded that the RTA approach is able to provide a good understanding of AKU cadre training


The embodiment of the invention provides a method and equipment for releasing a context related resource of user equipment. The method for releasing the context related resource of the user equipment comprises the following steps: receiving a control message by a source middle node, wherein the control message carries an identifier of the user equipment switched to a target access network node; and releasing the context related resource of the user equipment corresponding to the identifier of the user equipment by the source middle node. According to the embodiment of the invention, the context related resource of the user equipment in the source middle node can be released, further the user equipment which is newly accessed to a network is smoothly accessed, and the resource is saved.


In Vietnam today, strengthening defense and security education for all classes of people, especially students at universities, is an essential job. In particular, one of the critical factors contributing to improving the quality of defense and security education for university students is the teaching staff of defense and security education. However, the teaching staff of defense and security education in Vietnamese universities needs more quantity and has certain limitations in quality. The article outlines several requirements posed to the teaching staff of national defense and security education and, on that basis, proposes some solutions to build the contingent of defense and security education lecturers in Vietnamese universities to meet the current development requirements of the country.

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Aiming at the disadvantages of removing impurities such as cadmium from electrolyzed indium by chemical method,vacuum distillation method is brought forward.The study indicates that vacuum distillation method is not only technically feasible,but also increasing indium direct recovery and reducing indium production cost.


roles in Canadian history,' as the Preface states. This volume is a contribution towards filling a yawning gap, our lack of knowledge of their history. Rather surprisingly no mention is made of Thomas Elliot Norton's valuable addition in 1974 to that knowledge, in The Fur Trade in Colonial New York, •686-•776, a book which tells us more about Canadian Indian history than this one does, despite its editors' claim that it 'attempts to look at Canadian Indian History in a way that differs from previous studies.' They add that it is 'customary to view Indian affairs as a function of the east to west movement of settlement and to


The virtual manufacturing technologies,which can shorten product development cycle and reduce product development cost and risk,secure an increasingly crucial position in modern manufacturing industry.Based on definitions and characteristics of virtual manufacturing technologies,corresponding techniques,i.e.virtual assembly,virtual workshop layout and virtual welding,are pinpointed in terms of construction machinery.Afterwards,such applications as excavators,miners and loaders are used as examples to illustrate virtual manufacturing technologies for product research and development.


Since the critical dimensions in integrated circuit (IC) device fabrication continue to shrink below 32 nm, multilayer stacks with alternating etch selectivities are required for successful pattern transfer from the exposed photoresist to the substrate. Inorganic resist underlayer materials are used as hard masks in reactive ion etching (RIE) with oxidative gases. The conventional silicon hardmask has demonstrated good reflectivity control and reasonable etch selectivity. However, some issues such as the rework of trilayer stacks and cleaning of oxide residue by wet chemistry are challenging problems for manufacturability. The present work reveals novel spin-on underlayer materials containing significant amounts of metal oxides in the film after baking at normal processing conditions. Such an inorganic metal hardmask (MHM) has excellent etch selectivity in plasma etch processes of the trilayer stack. The composition has good long term shelf life and pot life stability based on solution LPC analysis and wafer defect studies, respectively. The material absorbs DUV wavelengths and can be used as a spin-on inorganic or hybrid antireflective coating to control substrate reflectivity under DUV exposure of photoresist. Some of these metal-containing materials can be used as an underlayer in EUV lithography to significantly enhance photospeed. Specific metal hard masks are also developed for via or trench filling applications in IRT processes. The materials have shown good coating and lithography performance with a film thicknesses as low as 10 nm under ArF dry or immersion conditions. In addition, the metal oxide films or residues can be partially or completely removed by using various wet-etching solutions at ambient temperature.


Power system components are susceptible to failures which causes undesirable interruptions to consumer's power supply thus affecting the overall power system availability. Reliability evaluation is therefore important in power system studies to ensure continuity of power supply in line with the country's increasing population and the need to foster industrialization. This study is centered on reliability assessment of Mofor Injection Substation. This assessment evaluates the performance of the Mofor Injection substation considering various system parameters which contribute to the seamless operation of the station. Historical data obtained from the power substations from January, 2017 to December, 2017 were used to analyze the Injection Substation power reliability. The results obtained revealed a power availability index (ASAI) of 0.7683796 and 0.768968 for Ekete and Orhuwhorun substations respectively. Also, other reliability indices evaluated were SAIDI, CAIDI and SAIFI. The aforementioned reliability results reveals that power distribution at Mofor injection substation can be said to be unreliable, inefficient, undesirable and unstable.


Specimens of Gloeotinia temulenta from Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Scotland, and the United States were examined and microanatomical features compared with the type specimen of G. granigena from ...


The article deals with Y. Boyko-Blokhin's approach to the problem of comparative analysis of Slavic literatures in the context of contemporary comparative study (U. Weisstein, R. Wellek, D. Ďurišin, A. Dima, D. Nalivayko, D. Chizhevsky). The careful attention of the scholar to "peculiarities" of national development of literatures as a subject of the research is emphasized. Specifically, the interpretation by Y. Boyko-Blokhin of such concepts as "interaction" (not only as a rapprochement, but also as a mutual repulsion) and "influence" (primarily as a creative transformation of foreign artistic and aesthetic experience, and hence, as an impetus, impulse for own original creation) is thought through.
The opinion of the scholar as to characteristic aspects of the comparative study of East Slavic literatures is analyzed and the emphasis is given to the researcher's close attention to the question of national features of each of these literatures. The efficiency and potential of Y. Boyko-Blokhin's concept of comparative study of East Slavic literatures, aimed at understanding of their place in Common Slavic and West European literary space are substantiated. The importance of the scholar's thoughts about the need for "reformatting" ("reorienting") of the Slavic paradigm for the further development of this science (in view of unjustified "domination" of Russian literature over Ukrainian and Byelorussian literatures) is underlined.
The consideration is given to Y. Boyko-Blokhin's approach ("project") to compilation of the history of Slavic literatures (vector of which is oriented from the study of peculiarities of literary works towards comprehension of the style as a unifying principle), with an emphasis on comparison of national development trends. The recognition in this context of the progress of other art forms is regarded as fully compliant with the special attention paid by contemporary comparative studies to the problem of literature in the art system (U. Weisstein, D. Chizhevsky, D. Nalivayko)
The great importance for the continuous progress of Ukrainian comparative literature of the views of Y. Boyko-Blokhin, who developed traditions of national comparative studies and at the same time used the latest West European methodology, given the impossibility of its full-fledged advance during the Soviet period, is accentuated. The relevance of the scholar's thoughts and ideas for comparative world literature even nowadays is demonstrated.


Counterparty risk measurement integrates two sources of risk: market risk, which determines the size of a firm's exposure to a counter party, and credit risk, which reflects the likelihood that the counterparty will default on its obligations. Wrong-way risk refers to the possibility that a counterparty's default risk increases with the market value of the exposure. We investigate the potential impact of wrong-way risk in calculating a credit valuation adjustment (CVA) to a derivatives portfolio: CVA has become a standard tool for pricing counterparty risk and setting associated capital requirements. We present a method, introduced in our earlier work, for bounding the impact of wrong-way risk on CVA. The method holds fixed marginal models for market and credit risk while varying the dependence between them. Given simulated paths of the two models, we solve a linear program to find the worst-case CVA resulting from wrong way risk. The worst case can be overly conservative, so we extend the procedure by penalizing deviations of the joint model from a baseline model. By varying the penalty for deviations, we can sweep out the full range of possible CVA values for different degrees of wrong-way risk. Our method addresses an important source of model risk in counterparty risk measurement.


Objective: Diabetic nephropathy is a life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. Bioartificial pancreas transplantation is becoming a therapeutic option for diabetes mellitus as it protects both allogeneic and xenogeneic islets from the host immune system. This study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of bioartificial pancreas transplantation to improve or prevent diabetic renal damage. Methods: Approximately 800 rat islets were macroencapsulated in polyvinyl alcohol gel and then transplanted into the peritoneal cavity of diabetic mice (transplantation group [Tx group]). Diabetic mice transplanted with a capsule without islets served as a sham operation group. After transplantation, the following data were collected: survival, body weight, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine levels, urinalysis, water intake, and histological changes in the kidney. Results: There was a significant improvement in survival, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine in the Tx group compared with the sham operation group. No remarkable changes were seen in urinary parameters between the 2 groups, and there was also no significant difference in water intake. Histological examination revealed that mesangial matrix expansion was decreased in the Tx group. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that polyvinyl alcohol gel bioartificial pancreas transplantation can protect the kidney from diabetic damage.Abbreviations: BG = blood glucose, BUN = blood urea nitrogen, BW = body weight, DM = diabetes mellitus, DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide, FBS = fetal bovine serum, H-E = hematoxylin-eosin, IDDM = type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, PAS = periodic acid-Schiff, PET = polyethylene terephthalate, PVA = polyvinyl alcohol, SEM = Standard error of mean, STZ = streptozotocin, Tx = transplantation, UW = University of Wisconsin


Employing the method of aging test from 120 ℃ to 180 ℃,asphalt,calcium sulfate whisker including two water molecules,the accumulative mass losses ofβ-calcium sulfate whisker including half water molecule and asphalt modified by calcium sulfate whisker orβ-calcium sulfate whisker with the time development were researched.It could be found that calcium sulfate whisker and asphalt interlink with each other,so the decay phenomena of them are supressed.The findings offer foundations of thermodynamic behavior for application of the calcium sulfate whisker in asphalt pavement.


The objective of this research work was to determine the strategic concepts derived from the management body, useful in the creation of organizational climates and dynamic concepts used in the optimization of the commercial areas of the organization. To consolidate this objective, it was fundamental for the researcher to characterize the work environment that cohabitates in the companies, in order to determine the organizational elements useful in the generation of favorable environments for innovation and commercial strategy. After this, positive and negative aspects were identified in the different organizational climates, with the purpose of structuring a comparative scheme that would allow to correlate all the dynamizing variables used in the creation of work environments from the perspective of three different theories. Finally, the responsibilities of the management body were categorized in relation to the creation of organizational environments and climates in which the disciplinary skills of the worker could be optimized. To carry out the research, the author used a methodological scheme whose approach was qualitative, descriptive-comparative typology and analytical deduction of primary and secondary information sources.


The invention discloses an automatic charging system of an electric automobile. According to the automatic charging system of the electric automobile, the electric automobile is automatically charged through cooperation between an underground charging coil and a charging receiving coil which is arranged inside the electric automobile when the electric automobile travels, and the electric automobile is charged without the need for stop. According to the automatic charging system of the electric automobile, due to the fact that the electric automobile can be charged when the electric automobile travels, the problems that time for charging the electric automobile is long, and the electric automobile needs to be stopped when being charged can be solved, and the electric automobile can be used extremely conveniently.


The study of 2688 figures from vertical water sampling at 3 sites in the lake reveals that the lake water belongs to type III from 0-30m (main pollutants: TN and non-ionic ammonia ), type II from 30-80m (main pollutants: TN, TP, non-ionic ammonia and oxygen solution), and type IV below 130 (main pollutant: oxygen solution). Data comparision with 1980s shows ammonia is the key index of water pollution.


Ceric i o d a t e m o n o h y d r a t e c rys ta l l izes in space g roup cah-p21/n, w i t h fou r molecu les in t he un i t cell of d imens ions a ---9.57, b ---14.92, c ---8-00 A, a n d fl = 97 ° 35'. The c ry s t a l s t r u c t u r e has been determined from a three-dimensional Patterson function and refined by a three-dimensional difference Fourier. The structure is composed of discrete, trigonal iodate groups with average distances I-O -1-82 A and O-O = 2.74 A. Each of two oxygens per iodate group is shared with cerium, but the third is not. The cerium atom has seven oxygen neighbors at 2.18-2.41 A and one at 2.82 A, which form a much distorted Archimedes antiprism. Each iodine atom has three oxygen neighbors at 1.77-1.86 A and three others at 2.5-3.1 A, which form a much distorted octahedron. Two of the iodine atoms require the oxygen atom from the water molecule to complete this octahedral arrangement.


Thank you for reading the enterprise and its environment a system theory of management organization. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite novels like this the enterprise and its environment a system theory of management organization, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious bugs inside their laptop.


Different herbicide treatments were tested in the year 2010 – 2013 at eight locations in the north-west of Bavaria in Franken to control herbicide resistant black grass (Alopecurus myosuroides, Huds.). Application of Atlantis (Mesosulfuron + Iodosulfuron + Mefenpyr) was essential for the control of black grass in winter wheat. Combination with other herbicides was also in focus of the trial program as different treatment methods, application timing, application sequences, herbicide rate and the use of adjuvants. As a result of the trials sequence applications were more effective than single applications. The use of soil active herbicides in autumn and spring application of Atlantis was one of the best solutions to control resistant black grass in winter wheat. Reduced rate of Atlantis have to be compensated by addition of appropriate adjuvants. Higher level of resistance depends on implementation of integrated weed management to serve economic wheat production.


The aim of this paper is to verify the role and relevance of recycled packaging Collection Centers as a factor of attracting customers to supermarkets. The analysis is based on a theoretical reference that has reverse logistics as a central concept. The literature affirms that reverse logistics are a result of the increasing concern of consumers about the environment, which, therefore, would tend to value organizations that were involved in recycling. To address these issues, research conducted on 105 customers from three of the retailer's hypermarkets was conducted in three capital cities (Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Sao Paulo/SP and Belo Horizonte/MG). Taking this into account, it was possible to point out that most of the retailer's customers in the Belo Horizonte and Sao Paulo stores are not aware of the existence of Collection Centers, unlike customers in the Rio de Janeiro store. Consequently, these Centers are not considered as an influence factor on the choice of the purchasing store. It is concluded that in order for the recycling incentive campaign to be broader and more efficient, it is necessary for the retailer and the recycling company to make a greater effort in advertising Collection Centers and in its customers' motivation towards the campaign. Thus, firms may have a sustainable competitive advantage by differentiating their company's image.


Eta Carinae is a super-massive, super-luminous star. It is surrounded by a bipolar nebula, the "Homunculus", and several blobs of ejected gas which are the source of a complex emission-line spectrum. This thesis presents results from spectroscopic investigations of the star and its surroundings, performed with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) and the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS) onboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The age of the equatorial disk in the Homunculus has been studied by measurements of radial velocities of emission lines. Fluorescence processes in Fe II, Fe III, and Cr II are discussed, and the discovery of an ejected filament producing Sr II and [Sr II] emission is reported. Also, a list of 2000 emission line identifications is presented and discussed.

The chemically peculiar star Chi Lupi was the target of the "Pathfinder Project", a mapping of the UV spectrum of the star using the GHRS. An investigation of the abundance and isotopic composition of boron in Chi Lupi is presented.

The launch of space telescopes has put greater demands on the quality of atomic data needed for the analyses of the observed spectra. This thesis presents laboratory measurements of wavelengths and transitions isotope shifts in the B~II spectrum.


A direct strategy for the selective synthesis of 3-acyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles from alkynes and nitriles has been developed under iron(III) nitrate-mediated conditions. The mechanism includes three sequential procedures: iron(III) nitrate-mediated nitration of alkynes leads to α-nitroketones, dehydration of α-nitroketones provides the nitrile oxides, and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides with nitriles produces 3-acyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles under iron-mediated conditions. Iron(III) nitrate plays dual roles in the nitration of alkynes and activation of nitriles while the formation of pyrimidine/isoxazole byproducts can be efficiently inhibited.


The article deals with the different aspects of the promise of rewards, comparing the unilateral solution, inspired by the tradition in civil law countries, with the solution in the common law jurisdictions.


The U.S. Department of Defense has proposed a rule that would make it harder for universities to involve foreign nationals in unclassified research projects funded by the agency.


Fish biodiversity in inland waters of Turkey has been prepared by reviewing of recent records. First review of systematic status for Turkey fish fauna dealt with between the years of 1856 and 2004, and about 236 fish species were listed in the inland water of Turkey (Kuru 2004). In this study; a total of 371 fish species belonging to 27 families and 92 genera was determined. More than half of the existing species were member of Cyprinidae family. Nemacheilidae, Gobiidae, Cobitidae and Salmonidae were also rich families by species. Following this review species number of fish fauna for Turkey has increased at a rate of 57% during the last decade. Fast increase of species number and possible reasons were discussed in terms of systematical approaches, zoogeography and uncertainties. On the other hand, species conservation status for each species has also been evaluated based on available information including some biological findings belonging to species.


This paper presents a new aging sensor architecture for error prediction of performance errors in synchronous digital circuits. The aging sensor is based on a new flip-flop with built-in logic that predicts the errors by monitoring long-term performance degradation of CMOS digital systems. The main advantage is that the sensor's long-term degradation effects increase its sensitivity to performance error prediction. Moreover, the reduction of the power-supply voltage (V) and the increase of the temperature (T) also make the sensor to increase its sensitivity, making the sensor to adapt its monitoring capability with aging and VT variations. Performance failure prediction is implemented by the detection of late transitions at flip-flop data input, caused by aging (namely, due to NBTI), or to physical defects activated by long lifetime operation, or even by a worst-case operating condition (namely, V and/or T). Extensive SPICE simulations allowed achieving a new flip-flop with additional aging sensor capability, however with negligible performance degradation, because the sensing circuitry is out of the signal path. Simulation results are presented for two CMOS technologies (65nm and 22nm), using Berkeley Predictive Technology Models (PTM). It is shown that PVTA (Process, power supply Voltage, Temperature and Aging) variations on the sensor enhance error prediction capability. Keywords-aging sensor; performance failure prediction; NBTI; on-line monitoring.


The present study was undertaken to evaluate students' satisfaction on services provided by the universities of Bangladesh. To establish and test dimensions for measuring service quality in higher education. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate students' satisfaction on services provided by Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs). Specifically, the study found significant relationship between the five dimensions of service quality (tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy) or SERVQUAL and students' satisfaction. General survey guided by a well-structured questionnaire had been administered across a valuable sample of 160 students of four public universities. The findings generally indicate that the majority of students are satisfied with the facilities provided by universities. Such findings help universities make better strategic plan as to enhance students' satisfaction in particular and its overall performance in general. In general, the results indicated that all the five dimensions of service quality were correlated with student satisfaction.


Combined with medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) and preparative high performance liquid chromatography (perp-HPLC), high speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) was applied for the separation and purification of flavone C-glycosides from the crude extract of leaves of Ficus microcarpa L.f. HSCCC separation was performed on a two-phase solvent system composed of methyl tert- butyl ether–ethyl acetate –1-butanol–acetonitrile–0.1% aqueous trifluoroacetic acid at a volume ratio of 1:3:1:1:5. Partially resolved peak fractions from HSCCC separation were further purified by preparative HPLC. Four well separated compounds were obtained and their purities were determined by HPLC. The purities of these peaks were 97.28%, 97.20%, 92.23%, and 98.40%. These peaks were characterized by ESI-MSn. According to the reference, they were identified as orientin (peak I), isovitexin-3″-O-glucopyranoside (peak II), isovitexin (peak III), and vitexin (peak IV), and yielded 1.2 mg, 4.5 mg, 3.3 mg, and 1.8 mg, respectively.


Most of the domestic wholesale markets have many operating entities, and the level of organization and scale is not high; therefore, at this stage, building a shared business platform and carrying out common distribution is an important way to improve the overall efficiency of the wholesale market distribution operations and the level of the intensive utilization of key resources such as vehicles. Carrying out common distribution requires the formation of a good synergy mechanism among the participating subjects, in which the design of a scientific and reasonable benefit distribution scheme, especially in balancing the relationship between government resources and social resources, is particularly important. As the benefit distribution of cooperation is affected by the dynamic changes of the resource input ratio, the distribution operation scale, the risk taking, and other factors, this paper establishes a multi-weight interval Shapley value method benefit distribution model, which reflects the effect of the key parameter variables. Through the empirical analysis of Beijing's wholesale markets for agricultural products, the results show that the revised benefit distribution is more in line with the interest demands among multiple subjects and is positively correlated with the contribution degree among the participating subjects, which can better mobilize the cooperation enthusiasm of the participating enterprises and provide a new methodological path to solve the problem of common distribution in wholesale markets. The distribution model constructed in this paper further enriches the relevant research content in the field of common distribution and is of reference value for the benefit distribution problem that requires comprehensive consideration of the dynamic change in the multiple parameters affecting the relationship.


To enable increased efficiency, effectiveness and safe handling of medical equipment, applicable frameworks are needed that support evaluation work during the product development process A use centred design approach for
medical devices has been developed, resulting in a framework consisting of three parts: (1) A Human Factors Engineering process, (2) Usability Quality and (3) Use Safety. In the framework different methods for data
collection and evaluation of use errors and usability problems are proposed. To develop safe, usable and efficient products, the framework should be integrated with the overall product development process of the medical equipment.


Previous studies at single academic institutions have identified variations in the prevalence of photodermatoses among racial groups. The purpose of the study was to compare the distribution of photodermatoses between Whites and Blacks at four academic medical centers in the USA.


To meet the needs of scientific development of modern education,the prerequisite condition for cultivating highly qualified musicians is the overall introduction of computer music technology.To meet the social demand for qualified scientific and technological personnel of music,the popularizing of computer music and the offer of a computer music specialty will be of important significance in conforming to the requirements of social development.


Treatment effect of different catalysts for landfill leachate by catalytic wet oxidation degradation was studied.High-effective catalyst was screened out by measuring changes of suspended matter removal rate.Through comparing influence of reaction conditions on suspended mater removal rate,the best reaction conditions were gained as follows:catalyst dosage 0.372 g,metal ion concentration 300 mg/L,reaction temperature 180 ℃,oxygen partial pressure 3.5 MPa,pH value of water 8.10,stirspeed 500 r/min.


— The football fan's feelings get unfold during the different phases of a football match; they express their opinions, views, thoughts, judgments of the game, attitudes towards players, and emotions, stances on social media like Twitter. The change in the fan's opinion is reflected in fans' tweets. This research focuses on identity and analyzing sentiment in tweets expressed by football fans on Twitter. We analyzed different word vector that captures semantic and syntactic information to perform sentiment analysis. This paper uses the global vector (GloVe) word embedding technique to produce word vectors with substructure and leverage statistics. In addition to GloVe, we also construct a sentiment lexicon as additional information. The Word vector produced by GloVe and sentiment lexicon are inputs to DistilBERT. DistillBERT is a language representation model that leverages distillation during the pre-training phase. The proposed DistilBERT-CNN-LSTM deep learning model blends the benefits of CNN and LSTM. The CNN is used to excerpt features from word embedding that reflect short-term sentiment dependency, while LSTM builds long-term sentiment relationships among words. This paper also used machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Multinomial Nave Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN), and XG Boost for sentiment analysis and sentiment classification. We evaluated the performance of the proposed DistilBERT-CNN-LSTM with the GloVe word embedding approach with the 2018 FIFA world cup tweets dataset; our experiment results show 86.5% and 92.56% validation and testing accuracy, respectively. Further, our experimental results demonstrate that the Random Forest algorithm performs more consistently and robust performance than other machine learning classifiers; it perceives fans' sentiments during football events.


The objective of rubblization is to eliminate reflection cracking in hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlay by the total destruction of the existing slab action. Rubblization is applicable when there is little potential for retaining slab integrity and structural capacity of the original jointed reinforced concrete pavement. Rubblization has been used successfully for rehabilitation of other portland cement concrete (PCC) pavement types. Typically, the slab is reduced to pieces less than 300 mm in size. Subsequently, the slab is converted to a high-strength granular base. Restoration of the structural capacity is accomplished with an overlay of HMA. In 1991, the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) awarded a contract to apply the rubblization technique to a portion of US-41 in Benton County. The pavement sections were evaluated before and after rubblizing and overlay to estimate the AASHTO layer coefficient of rubblized concrete pavements. The layer coefficient determined in this study (a2 = 0.25) represents a value of two standard deviations less than that reported by PCS/Law. Currently, INDOT uses a layer coefficient of 0.20 for rubblized PCC pavements. On the basis of the results of this study, the layer coefficient can be set within two standard deviations of the mean (i.e., 0.22). This layer coefficient of 0.22 represents a conservative value that is recommended for rubblized PCC pavements with similar conditions. If INDOT continues to use the rubblization technique in pavement rehabilitation, a study encompassing slabs of different thicknesses on different subgrades should be undertaken for confirmation of the values that are reported herein.


questionnaire sent to trust nurse executives in England, and the response rate is respectable. However, as the author points out, the data should not be used to provide more than 'outline activity'. It is inevitable that bias will be present given the focus of the respondent group. None the less this group can and does provide useful data. The trick is not to generalise, which I think this paper docs not seek to do. The results and the way in which they are analysed are interesting, if focused, and provide helpful insights into clinical supervision and organisational developments. The lack of input from the independent sector is regrettable and future work should seek to redress this omission. Information provided from the questionnaire is of particular relevance to those who intend to take forward an evaluative programme once they have implemented clinical supervision. This is the need for time management, and for support for supervisors. The coherent message from this and other evaluative and observational work that supervisors


Abstract Introduction: Setmelanotide is a melanocortin 4 receptor agonist indicated for chronic weight management in patients with obesity due to proopiomelanocortin (POMC), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1), or leptin receptor (LEPR) deficiency. This analysis aimed to assess the timing of the onset of adverse events (AEs) of special interest in patients with POMC/PCSK1 or LEPR deficiency obesity treated with setmelanotide. Methods: The timing of AE onset with setmelanotide was evaluated in a pooled set of patients with POMC/PCSK1 or LEPR deficiency who received setmelanotide in Phase 2 (RM-493-011 [NCT02507492]) or Phase 3 (RM-493-012 [NCT02896192] and RM-493-015 [NCT03287960]) clinical trials. Patients in the Phase 2 investigator-initiated trial (Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin) received open-label setmelanotide for 12 to 13 weeks followed by an extension study for eligible patients. The Phase 3 trials included a 12-week open-label phase, an 8-week placebo-controlled phase, and a subsequent 32-week open-label phase, for a total treatment length of at least 1 year. AEs were assessed using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.0). AEs of special interest were defined as those related to treatment-emergent AEs (TEAEs) commonly occurring with setmelanotide (hyperpigmentation disorders, disturbances in sexual arousal, nausea, vomiting, injection site reactions [ISRs]). Results: As of November 10, 2020, 35 patients (15 POMC, 2 PCSK1, 18 LEPR) were enrolled and included across the 3 trials; 2 patients in the Phase 2 trial were ongoing treatment as of the cutoff. Daily setmelanotide dose ranged from 0.25 to 3.0 mg. All patients experienced ≥1 TEAE, the most common being skin hyperpigmentation (85.7%), injection site erythema (68.6%), nausea (57.1%), and headache (51.4%). For AEs of special interest, hyperpigmentation disorders occurred in 85.7% of patients (30/35), disturbances in sexual arousal in 17.1% (6/35), nausea in 57.1% (20/35), vomiting in 28.6% (10/35), and ISRs in 88.6% (31/35). The onset of most hyperpigmentation disorder (34/53 events; 64.2%) and disturbances in sexual arousal (6/11 events; 54.6%) AEs were during Month 1 after starting setmelanotide. Onset of nausea and vomiting were most frequent during Month 1 of treatment (nausea: 12/34 events [35.3%]; vomiting: 6/19 events [31.6%]). ISRs occurred throughout the trial, with 41.6% (91/219 events) having an onset within Month 1 of treatment. Eighteen serious AEs occurred, none were interpreted as related to the study drug. Conclusions: In patients with POMC/PCSK1 or LEPR deficiency obesity who received setmelanotide treatment, the onset of AEs of special interest in any month was generally highest during Month 1 of treatment, with fewer events occurring during subsequent months. Apart from hyperpigmentation, all AEs occurred intermittently.


Gennadi Henkin (1942–2016) was an outstanding mathematician in the field of complex analysis and geometry, working in Moscow and Paris.The text is based on a talk at Mikael Passare's Day on October ...


The paper proposes a novel theory-based approach to economic growth prediction. In the economy populated with economically independent decision-makers, the information about their individual preferences, available technologies, and resource constraints is embedded in decision-makers' opportunity costs. By relating opportunity costs over available alternatives to individual's choices, it is possible to make inference about agent's aggregate behavior in the macroeconomy. Conceptually, the information about the measurable structure of the economy can be used to predict aggregate economic activity, and, hence, economic growth. The paper develops practical procedures for measuring opportunity costs of goods produced and goods demanded. It is theoretically shown that the difference between the two, or the opportunity cost differential, is the primary cause for a productive arbitrage -- an expansion of production, and hence, economic growth. An applied model of medium-term economic growth is developed using input-output and econometric techniques. It is shown that the opportunity costs differentials computed from mid-2000s and early-2000s input-output tables explain more than three-quarters of the variation of the growth rates for the ten-year period for a cross-section of 40 nations. In contrast, the applied model suggests that the sovereign debt has neither positive nor negative effects on midterm economic growth rates.


Law students have been shown to suffer extreme declines in their motivation during their first year, even though they start law school highly motivated. But new empirical research from Sheldon and Krieger shows that law students who perceived more "autonomy support" from their faculty fared better psychologically while in law school, and scored better on the Multistate Bar Exam after law school. The purpose of this exploratory project was to offer a small group of legal writing students two autonomy-supportive choices, and to analyze their responses. This article explains autonomy support in the context of the self-determination theory of human motivation, offers some examples of applying autonomy support to the legal writing curriculum, and discusses possible directions for future study.


. . . in the countries of Hispanic America public administration has a large responsibility in the economy due to the insufficiency of technique and native capital, and little private initiative for the exploitation of internal possibilities. Thus, economic planning on the part of governments and public administration consumes, more and more, the attention of ministers and, justifiably, because the nature and volume of the activity that merits regulation on the part of the state is of an economic type. And, the state comes into existence precisely as organized regulator of activities that are already political, social, or economic.'