We thank Ferla et al. for their comments about the future of liver transplantation (LT) with very old donors. At our center, use of elderly donors has been driven by changes in epidemiology of brain death at a regional and national level as well as by the need to minimize the wait-list mortality. In the last years, the median age of used donors at our center increased from 64 years in 2007 to 75 years in 2014, and the unrelenting decrease in younger donors was compensated for by more efficient identification and management of elderly donors in the intensive care units in Tuscany. Accordingly, the acceptance rate of octogenarian donors (ie, the ratio between evaluated and used liver donors 80 years) rose from 30.4% in 2007 to 72.7% in 2015, with similar overall 1-year graft survival rates (Fig. 1). Recently, we have advocated systematic use of nonagenarian donors as a means to further increase donor availability and to meet organ demands. The key factors for the successful use of elderly donors are surgical experience, accurate evaluation of graft quality and vascular patency, and a flexible algorithm of donor-to-recipient allocation. A recent survey appointed by the Regional Ministry of Health in Tuscany and based on hospital discharge forms has investigated the number of patients admitted to regional hospitals in 2015 with severe acute cerebrovascular accidents and dying within 72 hours after admission. Of 1675 patients, 389 (23%) were admitted to intensive care units and resulted in 332 brain death evaluations, whereas 1286 (77%) were admitted to nonintensive care settings and were reported as cardiac deaths (with a mean and median age of 84 and 86 years, respectively). These data support the idea that underreporting of potential donors is still high, and implementing more efficient donor identification algorithms might yield an unprecedented increase in organ availability. Identification, management, and evaluation of very old donors will be one of the major challenges of LT in the near future. In this area, prospective randomized trials might be implemented only to a limited extent, whereas data collection is badly needed in order to better identify factors related to graft and patient survival; to standardize graft evaluation metrics; to identify the best procurement strategies; and to explore specific issues, such as use of elderly donors for high Model for End-Stage Liver Disease recipients or retransplantations. In addition to this, the impact of novel technologies (ie, machine perfusion) on expansion of elderly donors should be thoroughly investigated.


Objective To develop a semi-quantitative gold immunofiltration assay(GIFA) with quality control dots for the detection of human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG)in serum.Methods The GIFA kit was prepared with two anti-HCG monoclonal antibodies,one of which was immobilized on the membrane and the other was labeled with gold sol.Two HCG dots of different concentrations were immobilized also on the membrane for the quantitative quality control of the assay. Results Determination of HCG standard solution showed that the result of GIFA could divided into three semi-quantitative HCG levels: 50,50-300 and 300 IU/L.Simultaneous determination of 94 clinical serum samples by quantitative chemi-luminescence immunoassay system and GIFA showed coincident results.Conclusions The GIFA for serum HCG determination is semi-quantitative and quality controllable.It is reliable and suitable for clinical use in the early diagnosis of pregnancy.It is simple,rapid and especially useful for middle and small scale hospitals and clinics.


Extending to the current internet and providing connections, communications and inter-networking between devices and physical objects or things are going trend that is often referred to as "internet of things". This is one of the ideas that have become increasingly relevant in recent years. It involves connecting things to the internet in order to retrieve information from connected things at any time and from anywhere. In the "internet of things", sensor networks exchange information wirelessly via wi-fi, bluetooth, zigbee etc are common. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a prototype system of smart parking services via network that allows vehicle drivers to effectively find the free parking places. Using analog and digital Component. The information will be given to the server from various zones. The server will read the information present in the integrated chip and sent to data centers for large scale data analysis. The data acquired will be displayed on dashboards or lcd present at various zones. The data can be transferred to central web-server using wi-fi networks in real-time, and also the vehicle driver can find vacant parking slots using standard mobile devices portable


The mechanism of glucose-to-fructose isomerization catalyzed by manganese chloride (MnCl2) and 1-methyl-3-(3-sulfobutyl)-imidazolium methylsulfonate ([C4SO3HMIM][CH3SO3]) in a 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) ionic liquid (IL) was investigated computationally.


To study the effect of EWS on the transcriptional activity of IRF3,Flag-EWS protein was overexpressed in eukaryocytes 293T,and Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System was used to evaluate the effect of EWS on transcriptional activity of IRF3 stimulated wiht TRIF and IKKe.The results illustrate that overexpression of EWS inhibited the activation of IRF3 signaling pathway stimulated with TRIF and IKKe,and can directly inhibit the activity of transcriptional factor IRF3


Transitional waters are fragile ecosystems with high ecological, social and economic values, that undergo numerous threats. According to the information provided by European Member States in the framework of the European Directive 92/43/EEC (Habitat Directive), the main threat to these ecosystems is represented by morphological and hydrological changes. The present work focuses on six lagoon fish species included in the Habitat Directive annex II (species requiring conservation measures: Aphanius fasciatus, A. iberus, Knipowitschia panizzae, Ninnigobius canestrinii, Valencia hispanica and V. letourneuxi) that spend their entire life cycle in the Mediterranean priority habitat 1150* "Coastal lagoons". The overview of the current scientific literature allowed us to highlight how the presence and abundance of these species may provide important indications on the conservation status of coastal lagoon habitats. In fact, their occurrence, distribution and biology depend on the presence of peculiar structures, such as salt marshes, small channels, isolated pools and oligohaline areas. Coastal lagoon fragmentation and habitat loss have led to a significant reduction in genetic diversity or local population extinction. Although Aphanius and gobies have been shown to survive in eutrophic environments, it is clear that they cannot complete their life cycle without salt marshes (mainly Aphanius) and wetland areas (mainly gobies).


Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a dangerous fever disease that influenced by dengue virus, that went into human blood circulation through the bite of mosquito from Denus Aedes, such as Aedes Aegypti or Aedes Alpopictus. The Government of Pekanbaru City, through Health Department of Pekanbaru City still trying to Eradicate Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever. That efforts included in the Judgement of Health Ministry of Republic Indonesia Number 581/Menkes/SK/VII/1992 about Eradicate Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever. The objective of this research is to determine how implementation and factors that influence the Implementation of Attempts to Eradicate Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever Policy at Pekanbaru City.
Theoretical concept used is theory of implementation based from George C. Edward III. The implementation approach includes communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucracy structure factors. This research used qualitative method with descriptive data assessment. In collecting data, researcher use methods of interview, observation, and documentation with snowball sampling method as the source of information and data analyzing with descriptive qualitative method.
 The result of this research showed that Implementation of Attempts to Eradicate Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever Policy was not in accordance with the Judgement of Health Ministry of Republic Indonesia Number 581/Menkes/SK/VII/1992, this matter because the information was not clear enough for the society, and available estimate, and there is still no of Standard Operational Prosedure (SOP).

Keyword: Implementation, Eradicate, Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever


Abstract : A problem of current interest in weapon evaluation studies at the Ballistic Research Laboratories requires an efficient method for computing the distance from an arbitrary point in space to a given ellepsoid. Two techniques for performing the calculation are proposed in the report. (Author)


This paper studies on the biogas production yield of corn leafage, which use the corn leafage as raw material, and the fermentation is batch by batch. The result is that the biogas production yield of corn leafage is 506ml/gTS, and 612ml/gVS.


SUMMARY This study aims at exploring the potential impact of forest protection on rural households' private fuel tree planting in Chiro district of eastern Ethiopia. It attempts to evaluate whether or not forest protection interventions improve rural households' private fuel wood production and indirectly contribute to reforestation and restoration of endangered wildlife. The study results revealed a robust and significant positive impact of the intervention on farmers' decisions to produce private household energy by growing fuel trees on their farm. As participation in private fuel tree planting is not random, the study confronts a methodological issue in investigating the causal effect of forest protection intervention on rural farm households' private fuel tree planting through non-parametric propensity score matching (PSM) method. The protection intervention on average has increased fuel tree planting by 4 633 (1 725%) compared to open access areas and indirectly contributed to slowing down the loss of biodiversity in the area.


The clinical features of acute abdominal pain are often nonspecific, and surgery may be required to elucidate the correct diagnosis. Imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) scanning have proved invaluable in making diagnoses with relative accuracy and preventing unnecessary operative procedures.
We describe the case of a 57-year-old man who presented with abdominal pain of subacute onset but worsening over the previous week. He had poor appetite, fever, rigors and constipation. He was pyrexial and had a tachycardia, localised tenderness over the left iliac fossa and a mild leucocytosis.


The possibilities of using film-type solar fruit driers developed under the climatic conditions of the republic of Sudan are discussed


.SUMMARYT.G.MakhovskayaDIAGNOSTIC VEGETATIVE DISTURBANCES INRAIL WORKERS2063 rail workers have been examined. Nerv-ous vegetative tests showed 13,1-24,1% of work-ers have functional diagnostic vegetative distur-bances in all occupational groups of the first andsecond category. The method KIM gave 21,4-30%. We calculated the expected number of thepatients using the results of screening examina-tion.


Abstract : Flight tests show that aerial recovery by helicopter has many operational and technical advantages which may supplement recovery by conventional aircraft. Although both systems operate on the same principles, the helicopter system is simpler, more economical, and has great reli-ABILITY. Tested recovery weights increased from 50 to 800 lbs. and an effective, reliable parachute system was developed. With continuing development, helicopters with higher load carrying capabilities can be used for aerial recovery of weights in the 2-ton region. (Author)


Although many households in Bangladesh employ domestic workers, these workers remain outside any legal regulation framework. By evaluating the country's legal context, this article reveals that existing legal provisions for domestic work are extremely limited and insufficiently safeguard workers' rights. A new regulation is necessary; this article details the essentials of such legislation. The proposed legislation involves a stakeholder initiative to transform the existing manipulative dependency relationship to a more equitable relationship between the domestic workers and their employers.


Activated carbon prepared from neem oilcake, by pyrolysis accompanied with microwave oven activation is evaluated for the adsorption of Cd(II) and Ni(II) from wastewater. Parameters such as pH, agitation time, metal ion concentration and adsorbent dose are studied. The percent removal increased with pH from 2.0 to 7.0. The adsorption data fit well with Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The adsorption capacity (qe) calculated from Langmuir isotherm are 54.95 mg Ni(II)/g and 23.70 mg Cd(II)/g at an optimal pH of 7.0 at 30°C for the particle size 0.120-0.075 mm. Adsorption of Cd(II) and Ni(II) by activated carbon from neem oilcake follows pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Desorption studies with dilute hydrochloric acid indicate that quantitative recovery of cadmium and nickel ions are possible. The mechanism of adsorption seems to follow ion exchange process. As neem oilcake is discarded as waste from oil processing industries, the carbon could be exploited for metal ions recovery from wastewater.


The article discusses the most productive morphological and syntactic methods, and models of formation of the English terms in terminology of technology of metal forming. As a result of the structural analysis of the material (2896 terms), the author described the simplest and compound terms, terminological phrases, taking into account their morphological and syntactic features. The structural models of terms were detected during the study, and it was established percentage ratio of multicomponent term word-combinations studied terminology.


This paper suggests an "Improved Questions"(I.Q.) Model, as a preliminary step toward the development of detailed guidelines, and then questions, for the use of Value Specialists. The I.Q. Model describes the relationships between the operational phases of the V.E. Job Plan and the process (i.e. modes of thinking) involved. The multi-step procedure used in the development of the model, and some theoretical background is included. This paper is to provide a tool for the development of a systematic approach to design better questions. This is likely to increase the overall effectiveness of the value process, as reflected in the VE Job Plan. I


Terahertz (THz) absorbers have recently attracted extensive attention for their promising potential in various applications; however, many existing THz absorbers are restrained by their narrow bandwidth and complicated and costly fabrication process that renders them unfavorable for practical devices. Herein, we propose a stereoscopic multilayered ultrabroadband THz metamaterial absorber by stacking multilayer concentric resonators on different-level top surfaces of a monolithic three-dimensional (3D) pagodalike substrate. By taking full advantage of the 3D printing technique, the proposed ultrabroadband absorber can be produced efficiently in an easy three-step process that overcomes the fabrication complexities of traditional multistep photolithography processes. Additionally, the feasibility and robustness of the proposed fabrication method for common out-of-plane THz narrowband absorbers are also validated, and the absorption capacities of the 3D printed absorbers are numerically and experimentally elucidated. These results might provide an efficient concept and fabrication technique to stimulate many potential applications in emerging THz technologies, such as sensing, imaging, and wireless communications.


A micro-CT experimental system was used to scan a specimen of oil shale subjected to pyrolysis at different temperatures.From 3D CT images based on X-ray attenuation coefficients,the evolution of pores and cracks in the specimen was analyzed at different stages of pyrolysis.The results show that:(1) From 20 ℃ to 600 ℃,the specimen is transformed from a compact state to a porous medium.(2) At the higher temperatures,increasing numbers of voids become interconnected.At 100 ℃,the voids are restricted to a very small region;but as the temperature is raised to 200 ℃,channels for oil and gas seepage are formed within the study region.At 600 ℃,the pyrolysis rate of the specimen is calculated to reach 39.80%;and the largest void is 97.45% of all the voids.All voids are interconnected into one large void,forming a channel for the seepage of oil and gas running through the entire X-rayed region.The study conclusions are of great significance for discovering how the channels for oil and gas seepage developing during in-situ pyrolysis of oil shale.


It is the first time in experiment that we have found that the ionic strength effects on E(%)-pH curves of the systems with clay minerals as solid particles and those systems with hydrous oxides as solid particles, are "right-left shift phenomenon" and "left monodirectional shift phenomenon", respectively.The corresponding ionic strength effects on isotherms are "downward-upward shift phenomenon" and "upward monodirectional shift phenomenon", respectively.All the four phenomena are consistent with each other.In order to explain the above phenomena, the composite model of interracial ion/coordination particle exchange-electrostatic exchange is put forward to make a unified explanation and quantitative treatment.From the structures of the two kinds of materials——clay minerals and hydrous oxides, we know that the former has two kinds of exchange actions, i.e. when one increases,the other decreases, which makes the position of curves shift didirectionally,while the latter only has interfacial stepwise ion/coordin ation particle exchange,the curves of which shift therefore monodirectionally.The calculated results of the model accord with the experimental.


Two perception experiments are carried out, showing that vowel pronunciation matters for perceived speaker charisma. Larger acoustic vowel spaces make speakers sound more charismatic. However, the F1 and F2 dimensions of the vowel space contribute differently to this perceptual effect. The F1 range is related emotional aspects of charisma, such as sounding passionate and captivating, whereas the F2 range is related to cognitive aspects of charisma, such as sounding trustworthy and decided. Implications for computer-based tools of speaker training are discussed.


As befits the subject matter, dealing with a part of the world in which the term pensador is not pejorative, Professor Davis' book is itself thoughtful, as well as narrative. Both his Americanism and the ineluctable facts {wie es eigentlich gewesen ist) result in major attention to social and political thought. If occasionally we encounter merely una lista de nombres (" como ya hay muchas ") there is abundant recompense in the appreciations of the life and thought of leading figures such as Bolivar, Echevarria, Alberdi, Sarmiento, Bello, Ramirez, Ingenieros, Sierra, da Cunha, Gonzalez Prada, Montalvo, Hostos, Marti, Caso, Rodo, Mariategui, Vasconcelos. These whet our appetite, and more can be found in the bibliographical notes of Professor Davis, which are nothing short of magnificent.


In this paper, we discuss almost periodicity of solutions for evolution equations in Banach space. We introduce the concept of difference-variation equation. For a special Hilbert space, we establish some results on almost periodicity of all solutions for evolution equations. In particular, we extend Haraux's result on $R^2$ to $R^n.$


By using nano-titania and AlCl_3·6H_2O as raw materials,rutile TiO_2 needle-like crystals which are 25 μm in diameter and 3080 μm in length were prepared at 1 200 ℃ in NaCl and KCl fluxs.The crystalline morphology and the compositions of the needle-like crystals were investigated by means of XRD,SEM,EDS and TEM.The results indicate that there are two kinds of forms for synthesized needle-like crystals;one is solid needle-like,and the other tube-like.In the presence of liquid phase of molten salt,TiO_2 grains grow preferably along z-axis direction and form solid needle-like TiO_2 single crystals finally.Tube-like crystals are formed by the crimp mechanism of board-like grains with proper size.


A "typical twelve-year-old American girl," Caitlin Stoicsitz began her correspondence with fourteen-year-old Martin Ganda as a result of a school assignment. Her letters were full of middle-school melodrama, while gifted student Martin was determined to find his way out of the slums of Zimbabwe by pursuing his education. Though Caitlin initially knew very little of Martin's abject poverty, she eventually began sending him money and soon enlisted the help of her mother in finding ways to fund his school tuition and to send care packages of clothes and shoes. The Stoicsitzes' generosity did not stop there: upon learning of Martin's ambitions to attend university in the States, Caitlin's mother worked tirelessly to find him a full scholarship to Villanova, and the book closes with pictures of Martin and Wallace, another boy from his school whom the Stoicsitz family took under their wing, at Caitlin's wedding, as well as an epilogue where Martin describes his career success. While this is certainly an inspirational story with which to open a unit on cross-cultural communication, Caitlin's claims to be "typical" are somewhat strained given her multiple international vacations with her family, and there's a strong sentimental overlay to the account. However, Martin's story is eye-opening to say the least, and the suspense generated by Caitlin's mother's repeated and often frustrated attempts to secure funding reads like well-wrought fiction. Martin seems so earnest and well intentioned that it is impossible not to root for his success; readers may be encouraged to find their own Martin to support. KC


In this paper, a novel broadband Tag antenna for ultra-high frequency (UHF) near-field and far-field radio-frequency identification (RFID) applications is presented. This antenna is printed on an Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate with an overall size of 68 × 19.7 × 0.787 mm. The simulated bandwidth of the proposed Tag antenna is more than 100 MHz (860-960 MHz), which can cover the entire UHF RFID band. The proposed structure can generate a strong and uniform H-field distribution in the region around the antenna. Measurements show that the antenna operating confirms good performance of Tag identification for near-field and far-field UHF RFID applications.


Paper evaluates employment and average salary of agriculture in regions of Slovakia. In paper there is evaluated period of years 2003 – 2005. From the analyse we can see decreasing of employers about 20 000 people in agricultural sector in this period. Participation of employers in agriculture to employment in SR was 3,7 % in 2005. The biggest employment in agriculture was in Nitra region and the lowest was in Bratislava region. Increasing index of average month salary was in this period 108,6 %. The biggest disparity was between Bratislava and Presov region. Because of high unemployment measures of active policy of labour market should flexible react to needs of every region.


The basic operating principle of the reactor is shown in Figure 1. The reactor consists of a double-ended cylinder with inlet and outlet ports in its wall for feeding reactants and removing reaction products. A free piston, dividing the cylinder into two compression-reaction chambers, reciprocates with a very high frequency (up to 400 Hz) compressing in turn the feed gas in the lower and upper chambers. Rapid, almost reversible compression of the gaseous feed in each chamber results in its heating to sufficiently high temperatures to drive chemical reactions. The reciprocation is maintained by heat generated in exothermic reactions. For endothermic reactions the reactor design is different, although the operating principle remains the same. An essential feature of the reactor is that gas lubrication (gas bearing) is used to prevent any contact of the piston and cylinder. Figure 1. Pulsed compression reactor. Two limiting positions of the reciprocating piston are shown


A gas windback seals is similar to a labyrinth seal except the cavity is one continuous channel which winds around the shaft like a screw thread. One application is in gas compressors to isolate lubrication oil from the gas flow paths. A CFD based study of clearance, pressure ratio, and shaft speed has been performed. One seal geometry was experimentally studied to provide verification of the CFD accuracy. An empirical model for the leakage rate has been developed which fits the data with a standard deviation of 0.8%. The effects of pressure ratio and shaft speed upon the leakage rate are independent of each other. Analysis of the CFD results indicate that the kinetic energy carry over coefficient is substantially less for the windback seal operating at low differential pressures and gas densities than for a labyrinth seal operating under typical conditions.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


Acute testicular pain is a challenging clinical problem requiring prompt diagnosis and immediate intervention if the acute event is due to testicular torsion. COl can detect the absence of testicular perfusion and provide guidance in the monitoring of treatment. Several investigators have published clinical data showing the high degree of accuracy with which CDI has depicted testicular perfusion.t.2 Manual detorsion has been used on occasion when surgical treatment has not been immediately available) Although one group of investigators has described the use of testicular radionudide scans to document reperfusion after manual detorsion,4 the use of COl to monitor manual testicular detorsion has not been reported previously. We report a case of


The main topic of the present article is the perspective of the economic development of the hospitality industry in the Krasnodar region by the means of development of the accessible tourism for disabled people


In actual volleyball tournament, spiking the ball hard may not work because the opponent is very good at blocking the ball, so in order to win, the problem is to change the pieces in attack or counterattack situations, and quick combination of surprises for the opponent. Especially today height, resilience, level of athletes develop, the trend of rapid attack shows clearly its importance. Quick spiking is often used in the third position because this position is very convenient in attack, near the second pass is the center to organize attacks and coordinate tactical quick change: Wide angle of the ball can hit in many different directions makes it difficult for the opponent to detect his team's tactical intent.


On the morning of Monday 22 September 1913, convicted murderer Ernest Austin took his place under the gallows beam inside Boggo Road Gaol's A Wing. Alongside him were a religious minister, two prison warders, the prison superintendent, a doctor, and the executioner, William Duffy. Also present inside the cellblock that morning was a select group of witnesses, including reporters, the under-sheriff, and a Visiting Justice. A seven-metre high perimeter wall around the prison completely shielded the macabre events from the public. None of those present were to know that Austin, the 94th person to be executed in the Queensland region, would prove to be the 'last man hanged' before capital punishment was abolished in the State nine years later.


The invention discloses a sweeping robot wakeup method and a system. The sweeping robot wakeup method comprises the following steps that: a server receives control information from a terminal through a public platform; the server generates a control instruction according to the control information; the server transmits the control instruction to a sweeping robot; the sweeping robot switches to a second power supply state when being in a first power supply state; power consumption of the sweeping robot in the first power supply state is lower than that of the sweeping robot in the second power supply state; wherein the server records an Association relation of the terminal and the sweeping robot. The sweeping robot wakeup method and the system can build the association relation between the sweeping robot and the terminal without increasing too much structure complexity and cost of the sweeping robot, and can automatically wake up the sweeping robot when the terminal controls the sweeping robot.


This article introduces the application and developing of AM magnesium alloy in automobile industry(such as instrument panel?seat frame and so on),and then discusses the technology of molding,put forward the tentative plan in the future.


The invention relates to a reminding method and a reminding device for an alarm clock of a mobile terminal. The method comprises the following steps of: S1, presetting the ringdown time of the alarm clock by a user; S2, when the ringdown time of the alarm clock is arrived, acquiring real-time weather information and news information; S3, converting the acquired real-time weather information and news information into voice information; and S4, playing the voice information. By utilizing the reminding method and the reminding device for the alarm clock of the mobile terminal, when the ringdown time of the alarm clock is arrived, real-time weather information and news information are acquired, the acquired real-time weather information and news information are converted into the voice information, and the voice information is played, so that when the alarm clock alarms, the intraday weather information and news information are automatically played, a user can learn of the weather information and the news information conveniently, the ringings of the alarm clock are diversified, and the user experience is improved.


This paper suggests optimal control rod layout for soluble-boron free SMPWR with zircaloy reflector. The reactor with zircaloy reflector has advantage to extend the cycle length due to high scattering cross section of zirconium which compares to water [1]. The soluble boron-free pressurized water reactors have several advantages [2], such as efficient supply of the electricity at local and small grid country, reduction of the foot-print of reactor due to absence of Chemical Volume Control System (CVCS) and improvement of the structural integrity to prevent the reaction between boron and structural material [2]. Due to absence of boron, however, the reactor should solve the axial power distortion problem caused by control rods (CR) and burnable absorbers (BA) [1][3]. The target of the fuel cycle length is long-fuel cycle of 1,500 effective full power days (EFPDs). In order to ensure the safety, the dependency of control rods and burnable absorbers increases for excess reactivity control in the core. However, this situation leads the axial power shape distortion which affects to fuel melting. Therefore, to reduce power distortion, optimization of control rod operation is performed. The optimization test has been performed by STREAM/RAST-K 2.0 code system [4][5]. The STREAM is a lattice code solving neutron transport equation and generates group constants for nodal calculation [5]. The RAST-K is a diffusion nodal code to analyze 3D whole core. Core simulation results conducted by the two-step approach has been verified by previous SMPWR model against with SERPENT and CASMO4e/SIMULATE3 [6].


The invention discloses a wind driven generator speed limiting device, and belongs to the technical field of power equipment. The device consists of a brake disc and a centrifugal brake, wherein the centrifugal brake is arranged in the brake disc and comprises a circular bottom plate and three cambered brake sheets; a connecting shaft groove is formed in the center of the circular bottom plate; the three cambered brake sheets are movably connected to the bottom plate; cambered edges of the three cambered brake sheets form a circle which is concentric with the outer circle of the circular bottom plate; each brake sheet is provided with two through holes respectively; and a tension spring is arranged between two adjacent through holes of two adjacent brake sheets. Through the device, the safety of a product is improved, the mounting, maintenance or replacement is extremely convenient, and after-sales service cost and mounting cost of a manufacturer are greatly reduced; compared with an electronic speed limiting device, the device has a more direct effect, does not depend on the functions of other components and has high stability, and the safety is completely guaranteed; and the device is arranged in a fan without affecting the appearance.


Introduction Riccardo Bellofiore, Ewa Karwowski and Jan Toporowski 1. Micha? Kalecki and Rosa Luxemburg on Marx's Schemes of Reproduction: Two Incisive Interpreters of Capital G.C. Harcourt and Peter Kriesler 2. The Realization Problem: A Reappraisal of Kalecki and Luxemburg Discussion on the Schemes of Reproduction Noemi Levy-Orlik 3. Luxemburg as an Economist: the Unique Challenge to Marx among Marxists Gabriele Pastrello 4. Marxist Political Economy without Hegel: Contrasting Marx and Luxemburg to Plekhanov and Lenin Paul Zarembka 5. Luxemburg and Kalecki: The actuality of Tadeusz Kowalik' Reading of the Accumulation of Capital Riccardo Bellofiore 6. Polish Marxian Political Economy and US Monopoly Capital Theory: The Influence of Luxemburg, Kalecki, and Lange on Baran and Sweezy and Monthly Review John Bellamy Foster 7. When Science Meets Revolution: The Influence of Rosa Luxemburg on Oskar Lange's Early Project (1931-1945 Roberto Lampa 8. Lange and Keynes Jan Toporowski 9. The Walrasian Socialism of Oskar Lange Meghnad Desai 10. Between Memory and Historical Inquiry: Kalecki and the Warsaw Centre of Research on Underdeveloped Economies: 1962-1968 Marcin Kula 11. The Price Mechanism and the Distribution of Income in Kalecki's Economics and Post-Kaleckian Economics Jo Michell 12. Financial Fragility and the Kalecki Principle under Expanded Reproduction Andrew Trigg


THE FOREIGN, THE OWN AND THE UNCERTAINTY OF THE TRANSLATOR In the cultural studies-oriented translation theories, the terms "foreignization" and "domestication" are used primarily to describe translation processes. Since Venuti's resolute plaidoyer against the invisible translator, the power potential released by these strategies has been probed intensively.1 In this paper, I will examine the impact of domesticating/foreignizing strategies on the interpretative processes carried out by readers (for this topic cf. Zhong Yong 2014). To this end, the notion of domestication will be broadened to readers' interpretation processes, which will be analysed on the basis of the Czech translation of the Yiddish fable Der lokh fun beygl un meshene kneplekh by Eliezer Shteynbarg. I assume that in spite of the indicators of foreignness, the readers will tend to adapt the text to their own cultural background and horizon of experience and, on a second level, domesticate2 the structures and culture-bound information in the interpretation process. A translation from Yiddish to Czech, and this Yiddish source text in particular, is in my view an ideal basis for such an analysis. The Czech and Yiddish languages are both considered "minor" languages3 and thus there is no unilaterally balanced power relation4 between the two cultural contexts. This fact is reflected in the publishing policy and in the translation process; both will be briefly discussed here in connection with the translation of Yiddish literature. There is also a considerable cultural "gap" between the two literary systems. The religious, social and historical specifics of Yiddish literature require intense explicitation on the pragmatic level. The application or non-application of such explicitations leads to strategies of domestication or foreignization in the process of translation (cf. Klaudy 2012, 41–48). In turn, the use of these strategies compels the readers towards compensatory or complementary reactions. For several reasons that will be mentioned later, Shteynbarg's fables are an ideal basis for the research of the correlation between the translator's strategies and readers' interpretative reactions. I assume 1. that even if the translator preserves indicators of the cultural context of the source text, the reader will develop compensatory adaptation strategies or they will further intensify the domesticating strategies used by the translator; and 2. they will produce


Abstract Design representations currently used in CAD systems are inadequate for the full integration of CAD with planning and production systems used in automated manufacturing facilities. To facilitate this integration and adequately support engineering and managerial activities in computer-integrated manufacturing systems (CIMS), product design representation should satisfy at least the following requirements: information completeness, data and knowledge encapsulation, and data model accessibility. An object-oriented product model has therefore been developed to satisfy these requirements and provides for the design representation of a product. The model has a multi-level hierarchical structure incorporating the following six classes of objects: product, sub-assembly, part, CSGtree, solid primitive and feature. Each of these classes provides a particular set of information required by design and manufacturing. The product model has been implemented in Smalltalk as part of an integrated modelling system...


How many of us have ever felt like answering this question in the same manner? I guess it is only a few ultra-enthusiastic ones who haven't. Sometimes, for no particular reason whatsoever, we just feel tired. Tired physically, mentally, emotionally: fatigued when even rest is tiring. Fatigue is the subject ofthis article. I will simply discuss fatigue as an element which permeates Cormac McCarthy's famous 2006 work The Road. It is not my intention to either produce some kind of book review, or to resolve any fatigue-related life issue. I am rather sharing some musings, on one, single aspect, inspired by this huge, impressive novel. After introducing the book, attempting to be as brief as possible, I shall link a couple of essays, written by Levinas and Schopenhauer respectively, to a few observations on the experience offatigue, as evidenced in The Road.


Background/Purpose: Partnership is an important characteristic in ballroom dance competitions. A partnership scale was developed as a self-evaluation tool of ballroom dance sport participants' togetherness (Kim, 2011). The purpose of this study was to calibrate a partnership scale for dance sport participants using the Rasch Rating Scale model, an advanced measurement model. Method: The 18-item scale was administered to 301 participants who were actively involved in dance sport in Seoul, Korea. The parameters of item difficulty and participants' partnership level and differential item functioning (DIF) between men and women were examined. Model–data fit was determined by infit and outfit statistics (. .7 and # .3). Analysis/Results: Overall, the model fit the data well, except for one item ("Our couples receive judges' smiles during the competition"). The most negative response items were, "Our couples receive judges' attention during the competition" (logits 1⁄4 .58) and "Our couples become the center of judges' interest" (.47). The most positive response items were, "Our couples respect each other" (21.19) and "Our couples behave courteously to each other" (21.01). The overall mean of partnership level was 0.00 (SD 1⁄4 0.57) in logits, which showed reasonable spread along the scale. Three items ("Our couples receive cheers from spectators"; "Our couples receive judges' attention during the competition"; and "Our couples respect each other") were identified as having significant DIF between male and female partners. Conclusions: Although the model fit the data well, additional efforts should be made to improve the measurement equivalence of a partnership scale between male and female partners.


Abstract Two of the most remarkable aspects of Lifshitz's Wild Side (2004) are its complex narrative (with its three main layers and its two narrative directions) and its subject matter (a male-to-female transsexual and her relation with her two lovers and with her boyhood). Defined by their relation to time and temporality, narrative and sexual identity are closely linked by virtue of the disruptions they contain or embody, whether of linear flow or of sexual binarism. In the end, however, the film moves towards representing the disruption of disruption, from transsexuality as disruptive to transsexuality as creating an open-ended temporality.


Decline of the Ottoman Empire during the seventeenth century, their most critical decisions in place tough measures and a queen and his family managed to stop the Köprülü family, Köprülü Mehmed Pasha as grand vizier vizierate not only within the coming collapse of the Ottoman state organization, the commander, governor and admiral took their places in the sea for many years. Two people of the patriarchal family were found in his office after another grand vizier, Mehmed Pasha and the father-son Fazil Ahmed Pasha, and government jobs grand viziers were effective in both art and literary circles. In contrast to the limited interest of poets, his father Mehmed Pasha, Fazil Ahmed Pasha, also serving as a protector of poets, * Yrd. Doç. Dr., Uludağ Ü. Fen-Ed. Fak. Türk Dili ve Ed. Böl. El-mek: firstname.lastname@example.com


Betel is native to Indonesia who grow vines or leaning on other plants. Green
Betel (Piper Bettle L.) is a plant that has the potential to produce essential oils.
Oil content in green betel reached 0.046%. The process of extracting the oil of
betel leaf green one using water steam distillation method. In practical use of raw
materials as much as 4 kg of betel leaf and the solvent is water as much as 3
liters for each experiment. Time used in the first practicum is 3 hours and the
second practicum is 4 hours. The time when the distillation process can influence
the amount of yield, density and viscosity of the oil produced. The longer the time
ditilasi then the amount will be more and more yield and oil quality will be better.
Based on the results of lab work best is when the 4 hour distillation obtained oil
volume of 4.8 ml, yield 0.174, 0.949 density, and viscosity of 18.69.
Keywords: Betel leaf, Betel Leaf Oil, Distillation.


Rosmarinus officinalis extract,tea polyphenol,phytic acid,ascorbyl palmitate and vitamin E were selected to prepare natural antioxidant compound for peanut oil due to their antioxidant capacities.The induction time of peanut oil added various antioxidant was tested by Rancimat method.According to the range analysis of orthogonal test design results,the contributions of 4 natural antioxidants to antioxidation were ranked in turn as : Rosmarinus officinalis extracttea polyphenolphytic acidascorbyl palmitate,and the optimum formula of the natural antioxidant compound was as follows: Rosmarinus officinalis extract 0.07%,tea polyphenol 0.03%,phytic acid 0.02% and ascorbyl palmitate 0.02%.The antioxidant capacity of this compound was higher than that of TBHQ.


As one of image pre-processing method to detect, recognize, and estimate lesion or characteristic region in medical image processing, there are many studies improved performance and precision of processing by contrast enhancement or super-resolution. However, it is not clarified how condition is better to apply these methods. Therefore, we experimented and discussed on affect for color laparoscopic image quality by the difference of contrast enhancement method. As a result, we obtained knowledge of high similarity among patterns of adaptive histogram equalization in three methods. However, under these conditions, in the case of considering the region segmentation, it is not clarified how processing precision is better. In this paper, first we processed the contrast enhancement for the color laparoscopic frame image cut from surgery video under laparoscopy. Next, we processed super-resolution for generated image. Finally, we compared and discussed by Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural SIMilarity (SSIM), and texture features for contrast.


Objective To investigate the relationship between cerebral arterial stenosis and risk factors in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods 230 in-patients with acute cerebral infarction were screened for cerebral arterial stenosis by magnetic resonance angiography and then classified into stenosis group(N=125) and control group(N=105).The risk factors,such as age,sex,diabetes mellitus history,hypertension history,smoking were investigated.The blood-samples from 230 in-patients were measured by complete automatic blood-biochemistry analyzer.Results There was no significant difference in age,sex,hypertension history,smoking between the stenosis group and the control group.The levels of serum cholesterol,triglyceride,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,lipoprotein(a),bilirubin,uric acid in the stenosis group had no significant difference with the control group(P0.05).Diabetes mellitus history and the levels of serum glucose in the stenosis group had significant difference with the control group.And the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the stenosis group had significant difference with the control group(P0.05).The result of logistic regression analysis indicated that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was an independent risk factor.Conclusion The levels of serum glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are strongly and closely related to the occurrence and development of cerebral arterial stenosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction.


There are many ways in which price controls on one oil property can bias the production decisions at a second property. The distortion of information flows is shown to be a possibility in addition to the direct effects of production and demand dependence and the indirect effects of changes in price expectations or gaming against the controls themselves. The use of inter-property analogy in petroleum exploration is considered by petroleum geologists to be an important effect. Recent experiences in US oil exploration provide some unusual data which supports the idea that information distortions are major factors. 10 references.


Superstitious beliefs are found to be widely prevalent among all cultures and communities across the globe. Despite the progress of science and technology, superstitious beliefs still exist in our society. As such, superstitions are often perpetuated due to illiteracy and ignorance. With this backdrop, the present study tries to analyse the status of poverty and its impact on superstitious beliefs among tribal communities with special focus on the Rabha community, one of the scheduled tribes in the plain districts of Assam, India. A total of 24 statements expressing superstitious beliefs have been collected with the help of review of relevant literature, consulting with social scientists, and a few local people in the study area. These 24 statements have been factor analysed by using principal component analysis and finally 18 statements have been selected for constructing a superstitious index at household level. Poverty status has been measured by applying the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). The findings show the presence of poverty among the Rabha Community of Goalpara district. Regression results show that poverty has a positive impact on superstitious beliefs and there exist a high correlation between the two variables.


This paper presents the detailed simulation of a double-pixel structure for charged particle detection based on the 3D-trench silicon sensor developed for the TIMESPOT project and a comparison of the simulation results with measurements performed at the π-M1 beam at PSI laboratory. The simulation is based on the combined use of several software tools (TCAD, GEANT4, TCoDe and TFBoost) which allow to fully design and simulate the device physics response in very short computational time, O(1–100 s) per simulated signal, by exploiting parallel computation using single or multi-thread processors. This allowed to produce large samples of simulated signals, perform detailed studies of the sensor characteristics and make precise comparisons with experimental results.


CR singularities of real threefolds in C4 are classified by using holomorphic coordinate changes to transform the quadratic part of the real defining equations into one of a list of normal forms. In the non-degenerate case, it is shown that a real analytic manifold near a CR singular point is formally equivalent to a real algebraic model. Some degenerate cases also have this property.


Abstract : The overarching goals of this work are to advance the state of the art for detection, classification, and localization (DCL) in the field of bioacoustics. This goal is primarily achieved by building a generic framework for detection-classification (DC) using a fast, efficient, and scalable architecture, demonstrating the capabilities of the system using a variety of low-frequency and mid-frequency cetacean sounds. Two primary goals are to develop transferable technologies for detection and classification in the area of advanced algorithms, such as deep learning and other methods; and in advanced systems, capable of real-time and archival processing. Currently, massive amounts of acoustic data are being collected by various institutions, corporations, and national defense agencies. The long-term goal is to provide technical capability to analyze the data using automatic algorithms for DC based on machine intelligence. The goal of the automation is to provide effective and efficient mechanisms by which to process large acoustic datasets for understanding the bioacoustic behaviors of marine mammals. This capability will provide insights into the potential ecological impacts and influences of anthropogenic ocean sounds. From Oct 2012 through Sep 2013, our research focused on five major initiatives: (1) International workshops, conferences, and data challenges; (2) Enhancements of the Acoustic Segmentation Recognition (ASR) algorithm for frequency-modulated sounds: Right Whale Study; (3) Enhancements of the ASR algorithm for pulse trains: Minke Whale Study; (4) Mining Big Data Sound Archives using High Performance Computing software and hardware; and (5) Large Pulse Train Study: Minke Vocal Activity East Coast United States.


Recent technological advancements in data warehousing have been contributing to the emergence of business intelligence useful for managerial decision making. Progressive Methods in Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence: Concepts and Competitive Analytics presents the latest trends, studies, and developments in business intelligence and data warehousing contributed by experts from around the globe. Consisting of four main sections, this book covers crucial topics within the field such as OLAP and patterns, spatio-temporal data warehousing, and benchmarking of the subject.


Mycological examinations have been carried out in several rooms of the seven monumental architectural complexes situated in the old city of Krakow. The results of examinations have shown considerable pollution in the investigated rooms. Species, such as: Penicillium, Aspergillus and Aureobasidium , have been represented in the most numerous way. In general about thirty species of fungi have been isolated from the air and from the building dividing walls.


The rapid development of online social media has attracted a large number of users, and government microblogs have widely spread their influence by virtue of the openness of the social media platform itself. In recent years, government microblogs have gradually become important channels for the public to pay attention to government policy information and understand the effect of government policy. The public comments in government microblogs are a form of E-WOM, and the emotions contained in them can reflect the public's recognition of the government's governance effects. The purpose of this study is to explore the influencing factors of public comments emotion on government microblogs.First,we establish a conceptual model of the influencing factors of people's emotions on the basic of the previous literatures.And use LDA topic extraction, sentiment analysis and text classification methods, 20 government affairs microblogs in 5 major cities are collected to verify, and the results show that bloggers use emotional language frames, choose appropriate microblog topics, and actively respond to public comments, which have a positive impact on public commentary sentiment; however, blog posts that contain media items or blog posts that are too short will make People have negative emotions. The research results are helpful to optimize the operation of government microblogs, have a good emotional interaction with the public, and make the public more recognize the government's governance effect.


Anyone who has evertest marketed a new product knows how costly and time-consuming it can be. Selling the chains and independents, sending the sales force out to stock shelves, build displays, pull the product out of the back room, etc. Up until recently, market research firms (including Burgoyne Index) have been content to merely audit newly introduced products. But now Burgoyne has developed Mini Market Controlled Store Tests-a fresh concept for test marketing new products. First, let me explain that in a controlled store test we actually take the place of a client's sales force performing all the functions of warehousing, product bY William v. Masterson


We report a refinement of a previously reported method' for measuring propagation losses in single-mode optical waveguides. The method as previously described applies to isotropic materials (glass); corrections are necessary when anisotropic materials, such as LiNb03, are used. This report describes the method and indicates two means for estimating the corrections for anisotropic materials.


The role of noradrenergic system in the control of nociception is documented in some vertebrate animals. However, there are no data showing the role of this system on nociception in the marsh terrapins.


A 20W 355nm DPSS Q-switched nanosecond pulse width laser, with external beam-splitting optics, was used to simultaneously ablate two 600μm deep, 140μm wide, 13.4mm long blind trenches in silicon using a five line wide cut strategy, achieving a 1.22x throughput improvement compared with a single-beam 20W laser configuration. Improved split-beam throughput was achieved because overhead time consisting of non-cut time during galvanometer retrace and turn-around movements and the time taken to ablate shoulder formations, were found to be approximately independent of laser power. With this split-beam approach, where two identical trenches are simultaneously cut, overhead time is split between the two trenches when cut time/die is calculated, halving the effective overhead time/die, and thereby improving throughput. Specific throughput improvement depends upon cut strategy, trench size, and insertion loss of the beam-splitting optics. Beam splitting optics consisted of a half-wave plate, Glan-laser polarizing prism, and mirror. Making use of the linear polarization characteristic of laser light, rotation of the half-wave plate was used to adjust the relative power in each beam, and thereby equalize the ablation rate of each beam. Adjustment of the mirror angle determined the separation between the two trenches.


The author has done those experiments continously for the former report (Refference 1)) which was carried out "Centralizing method" and "Driving to one side method". (Fig. 1.) 10 Goldfish Carassius auratus of an average total length of 4.0cm. were liberated in a wooden tank of 150cm. long, 26cm. wide and 8cm. water depth. For model nets of colours, 8 wooden frames were made to be stretched vinyle tube (dia. 1mm.) vertically at interval of 2.0cm. on each and the each frame had a colour of semi-transparent, yellow, white, green, pink, red, blue and except the 8th one which had fine white cotton thread. The centralizing method was done with repeat of 40 times using all these 8 frames, and in all combinations of twoframes each. The sum of the total values were given in Table 1. and they were applied the chi-square test of statistics as expressing in the Table. The observed values by the driving to one side method were expressed in Table 2. and Fig. 2. and the efficiency of driving was given in Table 3. and 4. Average values of them had been examined different significance by the F-table of statistics, seeing in Table 5. As regards driving fishes on the two experiments, the frames of blue, pink and red are obviously more effective than the other frames of white, yellow, semi-transparent and white cotton thread. As it is existing difference between the human and fishes on the senses of sight, he had examined visible distance in the water for each colour of vinyle frame taking method of as in Fig. 3. and the result is in Table 6. and Fig. 4. Consequently, those results and quoting the result of the underwater fencing net (Refference 2)) were compared on order of effect of colours, seeing in Table 7. The orders of experiments (b) and (c) are accurate uniformity, as if the materials of model net are equal one and it had both taken method to drive fishes in. Though the (a) was done as fencing net unmoved, he had recognized few similarity between the orders of (a) and (d).


The problem of joint use of population and mass energy approaches in modeling ecosystems is discussed. On the example of three problems: modeling of vegetation dynamics under climate change; modeling of connection between species number and individual metabolism; modeling of population mobility, the problem of mathematical description of ecological objects is discussed. The central questions are whether typical variables – population size and nutrient concentrations – are sufficient to describe ecological systems, and whether they can be measured together simultaneously. The opinion is expressed that in the study of ecological systems it is necessary to borrow methodological developments of modern physics, but at the same time systematically and carefully coordinate the systems of concepts used for environmental studies with physical and mathematical systems of


This paper considers competition faced by an efficient public incumbent in a second degree price discrimination setting, where competitors' costs are private information. Our aim is to explore the implications brought by the introduction of a competitor allowed to price discriminate as a move towards deregulation. Our analysis shows the advantages of using regulation through the design of non-linear entry fees to make competition the most effective and efficient under asymmetric information on the entrant's cost. We also show how solutions, which do not interfere with socially optimal non-linear tariffs, can be obtained using the public reselling device, where the entrant's output is resold to customers by the incumbent.


The cyclizations of 6-aminohex-1-yne (6AHI) and 3-aminopropylvinylether (3APE), as well as the reaction between phenylacetylene and aniline, were studied as model reactions for the direct addition of amine N-H to CC multiple bonds (hydroamination). Transition metal exchanged BEA zeolites were especially suitable catalysts. In this respect it was found that the high activity of these materials is directly related to the location of the transition metal cations in the BEA pore system. By employing in situ studies, we were able to confirm a mechanism which is initiated by coordination of the unsaturated carbon carbon bond to the metal center followed by subsequent nucleophilic attack of the amine functionality.


The common faults of the equipment in a digital language lab are mostly seen in the PC or the computer-assisted language learning system.By analyzing the structure of a language lab,its common faults and the corresponding causes,we propose settlements.One is to improve the hardwares of the language lab and its software functioning environment;the other is to improve the probability in good condition of equipment for ensuring the successful teaching by strengthening technology guarantee service.


A low-density plasma flow in a vacuum arc with a small anode which intercepts only part of the cathodic plasma was studied theoretically using a two-dimensional approximation. The plasma expansion was modeled using the sourceless steady-state hydrodynamic equations, where the free boundary of the plasma was determined by a self-consistent solution of the gas-dynamic and electrical current equations. The influence of the ratio of the anode radius R/sub a/ to initial plasma jet radius R/sub o/ on the plasma density, velocity, current distribution and anode sheath voltage drop is analyzed. The mass and current flow in a 500A A arc with R/sub a//Ro=1 are compressed near the axis, leading to an increase in the plasma density by a factor of 2 and in the axial current density by a factor of 1.5 at a distance of about the plasma jet radius from the starting plane. In this case, the radial anode sheath drop distribution is approximately uniform and the anode sheath drop has a value of about 0.4 T/sub e/ where T/sub e/ is the electron temperature. In the case of a small anode, the anode sheath potential drop becomes nonuniform radially and the centerline anode voltage drop increases to 0.9 T/sub e/.


Automated anomaly and target detection are commonly used as a prescreening step within a larger target detection and target classification framework to find regions of interest for further analysis. A number of anomaly and target detection algorithms have been developed in the literature for application to target detection in Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS) imagery. In this paper, a comparison of two anomaly and one target detection algorithm for target detection in synthetic aperture sonar is presented. In the comparison, each method is tested on a large set of real sonar imagery and results are evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves. The results are compiled and quantitatively shown to highlight the strengths and weakness of the variety of approaches within various sea-floor environments and on particular target shapes and types.


The aim of this study is to quantify the influence of VHCF cycles on fatigue life of 7075-T6 Al-alloys using both constant and variable amplitude loading. Constant amplitude loading tests with and without superimposed mean levels were performed to characterize the material behavior with minimal effect of load interactions. The effects of combined cycle fatigue loadings were studied by using a spectrum composed by a low frequency carrier wave at 0.01, 0.4, 2 and 5 Hz and a superimposed high-frequency wave at 20 kHz. The low frequency wave is sinusoidal or rectangular, the high-frequency wave has constant and variable amplitudes, and the effects of different loading sequences are investigated. Correlating the measurement results with microscopic surface observations allowed identification of fatigue crack initiation and propagation. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the Czech Society for Mechanics.


This article describes the various steps that led towards automatic exchange of information as the global standard and the issues that remain to be solved. First, the various competing models of exchange information, such as Double Tax Treaty (DTT), TIEA's, FATCA or UE Directives are described with a view to show how they interact between themselves. Second, the so-called Rubik Strategy is summarized and compared with an automatic exchange of information (AEOI). The third part then describes in details the OECD Model common reporting standard which will become the new standard for automatic exchange of information and its implementation rules in Switzerland.


Extracts of six seaweeds obtained from solvents such as water, methanol, hexane and ethyl ether have been tested for desmutagenic activities in the Salmonella typhimurium/microsome systems. Water extracts obtained from tangle, sea-tangle, and gompi were moderately effective on the mutagenicity of Trp-P-2 and aflatoxin . Methanol extracts of sea-tangle and gompi were effective against Trp-p-2, and all samples of methanol extracts were very effective from 1.0mg to 2.0mg per plate on the mutagenicity of MeIQ and aflatoxin . Hexane extracts of tangle, ses-tangle, gompi and sea-straghorn were very effective on the mutagenicity of Trp-p-2, MeIQ and aflatoxin except laver and green laver. Ethyl ether extracts of gompi and sea-straghorn were most effective from 1.0mg to 2.0mg per plate on the mutagenicity of Trp-P-2. Especially, ethyl ether extracts of all samples were great effective on the mutagenicity of MeIQ and aflatoxin .


Provisions on Some Issues Concerning the Exclusion of Illegal Evidence While Handling Criminal Cases have creative significance in defining illegal verbal evidence,excluding the credibility of illegal evidence,distributing burden of proof and establishing the criterion of proof.However,it actually exerts limited exclusion of illegal evidence for it does not involve illegal material evidence and its exclusion.In addition,the procedures of excluding illegal verbal evidence are inexhaustive.Therefore,it is necessary to improve the above-mentioned provisions.


This paper presents a GaN-based high frequency non-inverting buck-boost (NIBB) dc-dc converter with voltage-only feedback control loop. A two-layer PCB is designed to test the high-frequency operation of NIBB converter. Furthermore, feedback control is developed using FPGA for the regulation of output voltage corresponding to change in the load conditions and input voltage variations. The feedback control operation of NIBB tested under different load conditions as well as dead-time to investigate the system performance.


Background: Iranian single women are deprived of reproductive healthcare services, though the provision of such services to the public has increased. This study aimed to explore the experiences of Iranian single women on their access to reproductive health services. Methods: A qualitative design using a conventional content analysis method was used. Semi-structured interviews were held with 17 single women and nine health providers chosen using the purposive sampling method. Results: Data analysis resulted in the development of three categories: 'family's attitudes and performance about single women's reproductive healthcare,' 'socio-cultural factors influencing reproductive healthcare,' and 'cultural factors influencing being a single woman.' Conclusion: Cultural and contextual factors affect being a single woman in every society. Therefore, healthcare providers need to identify such factors during the designing of strategies for improving the facilitation of access to reproductive healthcare services.


The fruit of cherry is rich and balanced in nutrition.There are lots of vitamins(VA,VB,VC) and mineral compositions(K,Ca,Fe).The content of iron is the highest among fruit,but it has lower content in carbohydrate,fat and calory.It is especially rich in Anthocyanin,different kinds of Anthocyan,Melatonin,Quercetin,Isoquercitin and other active ingredients.Some study findings show that cherries have some outstanding pharmacological actions such as regulation of sleeping,scavenging of oxygen free radicals,anti-oxidation,anti-inflammatory,analgesic,anticancer,prevention of CVD,lower blood sugar,delay senility etc.


Objective To observe the sterilization efficacy of hydrogen peroxide vapor on hard surface and air in biosafety laboratory.Methods Spores of Bacillus subtilis var.niger was used as indicating microorganism,and the sterilization efficacy was observed in different hydrogen peroxide dosage,killing time,and space by carrier quality biocide test.Results BIOQUELL sterilizer continuously sprayed 346.5 g/L hydrogen peroxide vapor by 12 ml/m3 for 60 min,all of the carrier with B.subtilis var.niger spores which were put at different positions in the biosafety laboratory were killed completely.Conclusion Hydrogen peroxide vapor has very good sterilization efficacy on the biosafety laboratory.


Certain microbes that engage in both photosynthesis and predation are more likely to do the latter as the planet warms, resulting in a net release of carbon dioxide.


Artillery Operations in Weather Modification has been used to acquisition,collection and management,it has been a daily work of artificial influence weather service work. Convenient operation information acquisition can greatly improve work efficiency,the real time information can feedback to administrative department,In this paper,using ARM processor as the controller. Using electronic compass to measure pitch and azimuth angle of Artillery Operations. Using proximity switch to detect artificial rain shell number while using Bluetooth module to upload data to the hand-held terminal( Application software that Installed on the mobile phone and communicating with operating collector). By testing the operating collector can collect the real-time operation data accurately.


Abstract The kink behavior of vascular stents is of particular interest for clinicians, stent manufacturers and regulatory as a kinked stent generates a lumen loss in the stented vessel and can lead to in-stent restenosis. In this study methods to determine the kink resistance of stents and stent delivery systems according to the ISO 25539-2 and FDA guidance no. 1545 were presented. The methods are applicable for balloon expandable stents as well as for self-expanding stents and determine the lumen loss and residual diameter change dependent on the specific bending radius.


The Thomas–Fermi–Dirac equation is formulated for the electrons of a charged metal surface, the ionic background being represented by jellium. After transformation into dimensionless form, the equation is integrated to give the electron density and the surface potential as a function of surface charge. Calculated surface potentials for many (neutral) metals agree with the results of experiment and more sophisticated calculations. Coupling the model for the metal to a parametrized model for adsorbed water, we show that the metal can make a significant contribution to the capacitance of the interface, especially for negative surface charges.


When a multinational company enters a foreign country, a cultural clash can occur when hires the local labor force . In order to boost business activities by overcoming this problem, a cultural intelligence is required . The Economic Partnership Agreement between Mexico and Japan, which entered into force in 2005, has significantly promoted Japanese investment in Mexico, particularly in the automotive sector . Recently, there has been an important occupation of the Mexican labor force in the manufacturing sector, and also with the higher schooling . The present work is a case study that analyzes, from the point of view of the entrepreneurs, the current situation of Mexican workers in the Japanese companies located in the State of Jalisco and their relation with the universities suppliers of young talents, and also the culture shock and acculturation that take place .


"Design, Development and Simulation of a Flexible Manufacturing System," National Conference on Mechanisms and Machines. Held in India: December 1987


IT HE contemporary student of anthropology is in a difficult position in attempting to achieve a sound orientation in our rapidly changing and developing discipline. Nowhere is this more true than in the general field of cultural anthropology, where there is an apparent schism between those who call themselves ethnologists and the newer group of social anthropologists. Ethnology, which has had its major development in the United States, has been concerned primarily with culture history and culture process; social anthropology, on the other hand, is primarily a product of British anthropology and has emphasized social structure and function as its major concepts. These differences in emphasis and interest have led to considerable misunderstanding on both sides. As one who has had a foot in both camps for some two decades I may perhaps be permitted some observations on this situation, along. with some suggestions as to a common meeting-ground.' Since World War II rapid changes have taken place in all branches of anthropology. Genetics and the experimental method, plus a host of new fossil finds from Africa, are revolutionizing physical anthropology; archeology, with the aid of radiocarbon dating and other new techniques, is beginning to achieve a world-wide chronology and is turning to cultural anthropology for further insight into cultural development; linguistics, with structural methods well established, is returning anew to historical problems and re-examining the relations of language and culture. But ethnology, one of whose tasks it is to synthesize and interpret the conclusions reached by its sister disciplines, is lagging behind. It is not clear how long anthropology can remain partly a biological science, partly a humanity, and partly a social science. As we shift from the descriptive, data-gathering phases of anthropology to analysis, interpretation and theory, it is inevitable that realignments will come about. My predecessors in the presidency during the postwar period have sketched some of these new developments and realignments as they have seen them.2 It is highly probable that the forces for fusion will prevail over the tendencies to fission in the near future, so far as the United States is concerned; in England the forces are more nearly balanced, and the outcome is more uncertain.3 In the long run we


Epitaxial InAs layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on GaAs substrates. The initial stages of nucleation were studied by in situ reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED). Cross-sectional TEM examination was used to investigate the morphology of the growing layer, while plan-view examination revealed the generation of misfit dislocations. The growth mode was found to depend mainly on the conditions used to nucleate the epitaxial layer. In most cases, Stranski-Krastanov type of growth was observed.


Abstract Resistance spot welds were produced in dissimilar combinations of advanced high strength steels. A 600 MPa dual phase (DP) steel was welded to a high strength low alloy, a 780 MPa DP, and a 780 MPa transformation induced plasticity steel. The microstructure and mechanical properties were characterised using metallurgical techniques and lap shear and cross-tension testing. The results show that a pullout failure mode with improved mechanical properties is obtained when DP600 is paired with other advanced high strength steels, compared to the DP600 welded to itself, which is prone to interfacial failure and poor mechanical properties, given the same weld size. An in depth comparison of the interfacial to pullout failure transition in similar DP600 and DP780 and dissimilar DP600–DP780 welds was performed. The results show that the interfacial to pullout transition for the DP600–DP780 welds is significantly lower than with DP600 welded to itself. Increased fusion zone strength through dilution with the DP780 promotes button pullout at smaller weld sizes. Furthermore, it was observed that softening in the heat affected zone of DP780 promoted a pullout failure mode in that material.


Let R = D[x; σ] be a skew polynomial ring over a commutative Dedekind domain D and let P be a minimal prime ideal of R, where σ is an automorphism of D. There are two different types of P , namely, either P = p[x; σ] or P = P ′ ∩ R, where p is a σ-prime ideal of D, P ′ is a prime ideal of K[x;σ] and K is the quotient field of D. In the first case R/P is a hereditary prime ring and in the second case, it is shown that R/P is a hereditary prime ring if and only if P * M for any maximal ideal M of R. We give some examples of minimal prime ideals such that the factor rings are not hereditary or hereditary or Dedekind, respectively. In the case R = D[x; σ, δ], an Ore extension, where δ is a left σ-derivation of D, we roughly speak of any prime ideal P of R which is not complete, by using Goodearl's classification.


The restriction point (R point) occurs late in G1, but is a critical point where the cell would either pass into S phase and complete the cycle, arrest in the G1 phase or exit into a quiescent G0 phase. It is thought that mutations in the Rb gene, coding for the Rb protein, play a role in neoplastic progression.


Summary Latin America is the centre of origin of many of the invasive alien weeds threatening natural and agricultural ecosystems throughout the world. As a result, it has been an important destination for expeditions in search of natural enemies for their control. Unfortunately, the role of local scientists has been mainly that of contracted explorers, cooperating on projects aimed at exploration for classical biological control agents. This is changing as the need to confront the growing threat from alien weeds in Latin America gathers pace. Nevertheless, with limited funding and a continuing ignorance by both the general public and the decision makers about the scale of the invasive weed problem in Latin America, target selection will be critical since this will determine the long-term viability of biological control in the region. In the proactive, new role to develop biological control in Latin America, should 'easy' targets be selected, for which there has been success on other continents, or instead, should targets be more challenging, potentially confrontational, such as African grasses which threaten not only the stability of unique ecosystems but which could also have global consequences? These issues will be discussed based on experiences gained from past and present collaborative projects.


The advancement in filter designs for ultra-wide frequency spectrum are accelerated highly in this technological era. The main goal is to avoid interference of spurious signals with the authenticated signals resulting into counterfeiting of outcomes. This paper depicts the designs of Ultra-Wideband Bandpass filter (UWB BPF) with three different structures; using dual shunt ring resonator, split ring resonator and square patch resonator embedded at the centre of two parallel coupled microstrip lines. These designs are proposed with enhanced filter characteristics than conventional designs for millimeter wave range in automotive applications with improvement factors like traffic alerts and lane change assist. The frequency spectrum of 22-29GHz is used to meet FCC specifications along with 25.5GHz as the centre frequency. The complete simulations of the proposed designs are carried out using HFSS V13 software utilising RT/Duroid 6002 as a substrate with dielectric constant of 2.94. All designs are fabricated on the same substrate with equal substrate area of 5.8mm*2.8mm and thickness of 0.127mm. The return losses are 14dB, 16dB and 36dB and insertion losses are 0.4dB, 0.39dB and 0.30dB respectively of the proposed designs. The large fractional bandwidth of nearly 40%, high selectivity up to 82dB, especially in case of dual square patch resonator design, are extracted.


Modified simplex optimization, with a constraint for eliminating negative weight fractions, was applied for maximizing the F ratio of multiple regression analysis of model equilibrium sedimentation patterns computed for mixtures of five and six macromolecular components. It was found that the best fit values for molecular weight and weight fraction of the components were obtained with deviations of less than 10% from the preset values if the sample volume and rotor speed were properly selected and the data from sedimentation runs using different rotor speeds were combined. It is possible to apply this method for computing association constants of interacting proteins.


This article presents an algorithm that finds an ε-feasible solution relatively to some constraints of a linear program. The algorithm is a first-order feasible directions method with constant stepsize that attempts to find the minimizer of an exponential penalty function. When embedded with bisection search, the algorithm allows for the approximated solution of linear programs. We present applications of this framework to set-partitioning problems and report some computational results with first-order and second-order implementations.


The use of heavy machinery is one of the main causes of accidents in sites as warehouses or construction. These vehicles have several blind spots that encumber their maneuvering and create a collision-prone environment. To ensure safety in these situations, an early warning system capable of avoiding these accidents is required. An innovative solution consists of the use of a on-board, low-cost, K-band radar network. The complete system is to operate with a very low false alarm rate (FAR) to avoid unnecessary stops and loss of trust by the driver. In order to fulfill this requirement, a processing chain that rejects false detections is implemented. It is also responsible for joining data from all the subsystems of the network.


Introduction of the English Kingdom on the way bourgeois transformations necessitated of new forms religion truths. Isaak Newton proposed of the variant natural religion. In article investigates the specificity of these ideas.


Components of the plants viz. Artemisia vulgaris, Cichorium intybus, Smilax glabra, Solanum nigrum and Swertia chirayta have been used in traditional folk medicine to treat various human ailments; however, the anticancer properties have not been elucidated. We evaluated the anticancer properties of aqueous extracts of these plants against various human cancer cell lines. Exposure of aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum and Artemisia vulgaris exerted an inhibitory effect on cell growth and colony formation of the prostate, breast and colorectal cells. Other plant extracts exhibited a modest inhibition in cell proliferation for all three cell lines. These results were consistent with induction of apoptosis in cancer cells as measured by internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, caspase3 activation and poly(ADP)ribose polymerase cleavage. Based on the in vitro data, it is suggested that consumption of the components of these plants or ingestion of extract as tea may impart anticancer effects especially in the colon, breast and the prostate.


The increasing number of human populations will certainly reduse the amount of productive land, especially in urban areas. Food consumption needs that continue to increase but not offset by production will certainly threaten human survival. The narrower of productive land especially in urban areas certanly requires a way to maximize the limited use of land in order to remain productive, one of which is the cultination of plants with a verticulture system. Padang Panjang city include highland temperate rigion, therefore many vegetable can grow and develop in this area like cale, pakcoy and lettuce. No exeption for Arafah Permai housing which is located in Padang Panjang city with a farm/ narrow yard that is suitable for cultivation systems using this verticulture method.


Computer-aided engineering is widely used in mechanical engineering to analyze the noiseand vibration-related performances of components and assemblies. Recently, extremely fine meshes of the body structure and large number of degree-of-freedom (DOF), in a finite element model (FE model) with increased CPU power, have been used to run simulations in high-frequency regions and to improve the accuracy of the simulations. This FE model is better suited for studying the effects of changing physical parameters, such as material stiffness and structural details, thereby facilitating a detailed analysis of the vibration behavior. Moreover, with an FE model, it is difficult to develop effective countermeasures against noise and vibration because of the increasing number of modes in unit intervals of frequency. For this type of problem in high modal density regions, earlier studies have explored several mode-grouping methods based on similarity of mode shapes. The overall mode shapes are similar in groups but dissimilar in parts. On comparison of two mode shapes, it is observed that the vibration behavior of dissimilar parts is similar to that of a dynamic vibration absorber (DVA). If the structure parts that behave like a DVA can be extracted, we can use the design theory of DVA for designing structures. This study presents extraction of structure parts that behave like a DVA. This proposed method uses mutual kinetic energy distribution based on the structure parts that have anti-phase in the two modes.


Saponin compounds are kinds of bioactive substances with a variety of physiological functions,including anti-inflammatory,antitumor,anti-atherosclerosis,immune regulation and so on. Saponins extract usually have low content of active ingredient,more impurities,unstable quality and other shortcomings. Based on reviewing the relevant information and references about saponins,the main biological activities and purification methods were summarized,the advantages and disadvantages of each method were compared,which can provide reference for further study of saponins.


Abstract Analytical solutions for temperatures in an infinite region bounded internally by a cylinder have proved to be useful for thermal analysis of heat-producing nuclear waste disposal scenarios where the thermal design criteria are peak temperatures. The practicality of an analytical solution for the temperature of the host rock used in forced-ventilation thermal analyses has been illustrated by a computational time of a few seconds. Prior to the use of an analytical temperature solution for the host rock, the computation time was on the order of hours. However, the published analytical temperature solution for the infinite region bounded internally by a cylinder with constant heat flux applied at the cylinder wall does not satisfy the boundary condition. This temperature solution is shown to be correct herein with respect to temperature predictions derived from a solution that does satisfy the boundary condition.


Background: Acute ischemic stroke in the distribution of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery is known to be associated with hearing loss, facial weakness, ataxia, nystagmus, and hypalgesia. There have been few reports on bilateral deafness and vertebrobasilar occlusive disease. Furthermore, previous reports have not emphasized the inner ear as a localization of bilateral deafness. Objective: To describe the presentation of acute ischemic stroke in the distribution of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery as sudden bilateral hearing loss with minimal associated signs.


Testing a carbonaceous resin, which was designed to remove low molecular weight compounds from aqueous or gaseous streams, by determining its adsorption capacity for chloroform and other chlorinated organics from contaminated well water from South Brunswick, NJ, and comparing it with activated carbon in column experiments showed that the resin had good adsorption and physical strength and had more flexible regeneration capability than activated carbon.


This study focuses on the modeling of groundwater flow and nitrate transport in a multi-aquifer hydrosystem in northern Poland, adjacent to Puck Bay (Baltic sea). The main goal was to investigate how changes in land use and farming practices may affect groundwater recharge and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to the sea and the associated N-NO3 fluxes. An integrated modelling approach has been developed, which couples the SWAT hydrologic model, MODFLOW-NWT groundwater flow model, and MT3DMS transport model. Transient simulations were performed for a 10 y period, assuming 10 different scenarios of land use (farming, grassland, forest) and crop types. Both recharge and SGD showed a distinct pattern of seasonal time variability. In terms of the average flow rates, the effect of varying crop type was more significant than that of land use change, with the minimum recharge and SGD corresponding to winter wheat and the maximum for peas and potatoes. Nitrate loads were strongly affected by both land use and crop type, with minimum values obtained for grassland and maximum values for canola.


Although laser stir welding (LSW) is applied to various metallic systems, it is especially appropriate to laser beam welding (LBW) of aluminum, because liquid aluminum possesses significantly less surface tension and viscosity than most common metal alloys, which results in greater fluidity of the molten pool. This article schematically illustrates the keyhole instability in LBW and describes the process details of LSW. Representative macrographs of butt, lap, and fillet welds produced using the LBW and LSW processes are presented. The article discusses the laser welding technologies having a large impact on the ability to apply LSW in production. It concludes with information on the industrial applications of LSW.


To shed light on the relationship between social network and opportunity recognition within different cultural contexts,this study examines the effect of overseas experience on the relationship between network weak/strong ties and opportunity recognition.Based on a sample of 152 entrepreneurs of small and medium-sized firms from the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta,results show that the weak ties of returnee entrepreneurs' social networks have a significant positive impact on opportunity recognition,while neither strong ties nor weak ties of local entrepreneurs' social networks has a significant positive impact on opportunity recognition.One possible reason is that local entrepreneurs influenced by multicultural during the transition period follow different cultural values that lead to the differences among local entrepreneurs in use of strong /weak ties.


Polarimetric SAR interferometry has been recently applied with TanDEM-X data to the retrieval of vegetation height in rice fields, which constitutes the first demonstration of this technique applied to agricultural crops with satellite data [1]. In this work we extend that study by including an analysis of the effect of incidence angle and baseline on the retrieval of height. The study is based on the exploitation of 6 time series of TanDEM-X acquisitions during its science phase: 3 over Sevilla (Spain), with incidence angles of 22, 30 and 39 degrees, and 3 over Ipsala (Turkey), with incidence angles of 30, 36 and 44 degrees.


TRENZ, O., KONECNÝ, V.: Comparison of the applicability of neural networks and cluster classifi cation methods on the example company's fi nancial situation. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2010, LVIII, No. 6, pp. 579–586 The paper is focused on comparing the classifi cation ability of the model with self-learning neutral network and methods from cluster analysis. The emphasis is particularly on the comparison of different approaches to a specifi c application example of the commitment, the classifi cation of then fi nancial situation. The aim is to critically evaluate diff erent approaches at the level of application and deployment options. The verify the classifi cation capability of the diff erent approaches were used fi nancial data from the database "Credit Info", in particular data describing the fi nancial situation of the two hundred eleven farms of homogeneous and uniform primary fi eld. Input data were from the methods used, modifi ed and evaluated by appropriate methodology. Found the fi nal solution showed that the used approaches do not show signifi cant diff erences, and they can say that they are equivalent. Based on this fi nding can formulate the conclusion that the approach of artifi cial intelligence (self-learning neural network) is as eff ective as a partial methods in the fi eld of cluster analysis. In both cases, these approaches can be an invaluable tool in decision making. When the fi nancial situation is evaluated by the expert, the calculation of liquidity, profi tability and other fi nancial indicators are making some simplifi cation. In this respect, neural networks perform better, since these simplifi cations in them selves are not natively included. They can better assess and somewhat ambiguous cases, including businesses with undefi ned fi nancial situation, the so-called data in the border region. In this respect, support and representation of the graphical layout of the re


I INTRODUCTION All potentially transplantable organs are not created equally. Even among organs currently used for transplantation, there exists a wide spectrum of quality. Donor risk factors can account for as much as a twenty-percent absolute difference in post-transplant survival. (1) Thus, in some cases, actual receipt of a transplant matters less than the quality of organ received. Organ quality might complicate inducements for organ donation in several ways. First, organ quality can diminish the impact of inducements on net increase in organs transplanted, and furthermore, can increase the cost of inducements. Second, whether directed toward organ-procurement organizations or potential living or deceased donors, inducements risk increasing the supply of organs at the expense of quality. Finally, the heterogeneous quality of organs can complicate market systems. These issues are most relevant to deceased-donor organs, and can be less problematic in the setting of living donation. Furthermore, there are a number of potential regulatory mechanisms that could mitigate concerns related to organ quality. II WHAT IS ORGAN QUALITY? For the potential recipient of a solid organ transplant, whether from the deceased or living, two types of donor-specific risks exist: (1) risk of disease transmission, such as infection or malignancy, and (2) risk of graft failure. Of the two, the latter risk is both more common and more harmful. Among potential donors, the prevalence of transmissible diseases is approximately ten percent, (2) and, since donor-screening methods are fairly effective, disease transmission occurs in just under one percent of transplantation cases, causing nine deaths in 2007.2'3 By contrast, risk factors for graft failure are present in more than two-thirds of actual donors, and are even more common in the overall population of potential donors. (4) These risk factors include donor age, type and cause of death, and medical comorbidities, all of which not only affect pre-transplant organ function, but also make the organ more susceptible to ischemic injury during procurement and storage. (5) Among deceased-donor organs currently used for transplantation, donor-specific risk factors account for an absolute difference of twenty percent in risk of graft failure for the recipient. (6) For example, an average-risk recipient of a liver transplant will have a twenty- percent risk of graft failure with a high-quality organ, and a forty-percent risk of graft failure with a low-quality organ. (7) Because re-transplantation is often not possible, in many cases graft failure means death for the recipient. Thus, even conservative estimates implicate donor risk factors for graft failure as causing more than 1000 deaths each year. (8) For these reasons, studies show that, when faced with an offer of a below-average-quality organ, some patients are actually better off declining that offer in order to wait for a better one. (9) III HOW DOES ORGAN QUALITY AFFECT ORGAN UTILIZATION? In 2011, only 3.5% of Americans who died while hospitalized became organ donors. (10) Poor organ quality prevented many prospective donations--organs from most deceased people are not usable. (11) For example, two of the most important risk factors for graft failure are donor age and type of death. Donor age over seventy years increases the risk of graft failure by 20-60% depending upon the type of organ and other factors, whereas donation after circulatory death (DCD) increases the risk by 50-70% compared to donation after brain death (DBD). (12) Thus, although individuals with one or both of these characteristics account for 95% of deaths, they contribute less than 5% of donor organs. (13) This is not because the individuals or their families decline donation. Rather, transplant centers are not willing to use their organs, and in most cases their families are not even approached for consent. …


This short piece suggests an explanation for an unusual reference by Zhang Binglin to a mad Rousseau jumping over a river to chase a dog. The piece argues that the dog-chasing story comes from a 1902 issue of Liang Qiqiao's Xinmin Congao and explores potential origins for the story from Rousseau's The Confessions.


The invention provides a steaming hairdressing comb, which is used for straightening and finishing hairs. The steaming hairdressing comb comprises an upper clamping part and a lower clamping part which are opened or closed by a connecting part; multiple lower tooth combs are arranged on the surface, opposite to the upper clamping part, of the lower clamping part, multiple upper tooth combs are arranged the surface, opposite to the lower clamping part, of the upper clamping part, and when the upper clamping part and the lower clamping part are closed, the upper tooth combs and the lower tooth combs straighten hairs therebetween. The steaming hairdressing comb can extrude, massage and heat the hairs in multiple directions while straightening the hairs, and has high straightening efficiency.