Professional development of faculty members is an emerging concept in developing countries. It has been embraced quickly in developed nations unlike developing and under developing nations. The major purpose of this paper is to explore various perceived issues and challenges to professional development of faculty members and to provide suggestions to improve such emerging problems. This paper provides suggestions and recommendations for the universities where professional development practices have not yet started or have been started but facing some problems. Author has explored various perceived issues and challenges highlighted by prior studies that have further served as basis to design structured questionnaire and semi-structured interview questions for this study. Four renowned universities of Punjab were selected from which sample of 108 respondents were chosen for data collection. Data has been analyzed by taking simple means and standard deviations through SPSS. The findings of this paper reveal that the issue that is most alarming and has got lowest mean score is granting rewards and incentives and level of satisfaction of faculty members to professional development programs. Author has provided various recommendations as to conduct proper need assessment before training, to properly plan quality training programs and take input of trainees as well, to increase grants and funds for training, to create positive working environment for teachers, to train the trainers, to provide financial and non financial benefits to trainees and to properly scheduling training programs. This study could be beneficial for policy makers, managers and administrators of universities who could device better policies and practices to promote quality teaching in institutes. (Anam siddiqui, Hassan Danial Aslam, Hafiz Muhammad Farhan, Mehrdad Jalalian. Perceived issues and challenges to professional development of faculty members in tertiary academic institutes of Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of American Science 2011;7(12):533-538). (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience.org.


Based on the results of the team's survey in Dukuh Tengah, there are potential assets that can be developed, including banana plants. Plants that do not have this season grow a lot in the environment of Dukuh Tengah, therefore in this discussion took the theme with the title "Training on processing food products to increase the Selling Value of banana plants in Dukuh Tengah village of Karanglo Kidul". The process of processing bananas into steamed sponges is very simple, simply by using existing tools and ingredients that are easy to obtain. So we use the demonstration method to carry out training on processing banana steamed sponges in the middle village of Karanglo Kidul Village, so that the people of the middle village can easily understand and practice directly processing bananas into steamed sponges in their homes. By making banana plant assets that are processed into banana steamed sponges that have more selling price value and of course this activity can improve the quality of human resources of the dukuh tengah community who are innovative and creative. Hopefully the team hopes that later, the results of the banana steamed sponge processing training can increase economic results and can increase public insight and knowledge about banana processing innovations so that they have more selling value.


1) Designs of the venting of lubrication oil systems for different aircraft engines can vary dramatically. Some engines vent oil system excess air to the bottom of the nacelle into ambient air, while some other engines vent directly into the engine combustion exhaust at high temperature. Thus, according to the previous studies, the contribution from lubrication oil to aircraft organic PM emissions for different engines could vary from 5% to almost 100%. Providing a detailed description of the aircraft fleet as well as the associated engine types could be very helpful for the readers to understand and evaluate the obtained measurement results. 2) Engine operational conditions such as engine power could have significant influences on lubrication oil emissions. Impacts of PM emissions from aircraft on local air quality are normally evaluated during the


A limited vocabulary is a substantial obstacle to success in reading comprehension (Graves, 2004). A morphemic approach to vocabulary instruction may be an effective method for increasing student outcomes in both word knowledge and reading comprehension (Kuo & Anderson, 2006; Reed, 2008). The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of a morphemic vocabulary intervention on word knowledge and reading comprehension for students with learning disabilities. In Study 1, participants were taught 60 root words and four prefixes and increased their accurate definitions for untaught prefixed words. Transfer to reading comprehension at the sentence level, however, was minimal. In Study 2, we replicated the procedures from Study 1 and then added an instructional component to teach students how to apply the meaning of the prefixed word to sentences. Three of four participants increased their reading comprehension scores following initial sentence context instruction. The last participant improved performance following repeated sentence context instruction. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.


The initial physical attacks of Batman and Superman in their fight are analysed. We determine Batman's punch to have a force 14 % of Superman's push, and the stress exerted by the punch to be 60 % of the opposing attack's stress.


As pressures on organizations to adapt and solve problems creatively increase, employee creativity will become an increasingly important concern. The pressures on businesses and government organizations to adapt to new technologies and external threats require resourcefulness and creativity. Several training interventions have been shown to be effective in enhancing the participants' creativity. In addition, a number of managerial behaviors seem to affect subordinates' creativity. However, the topic of training managers to boost their subordinates' creativity has been virtually ignored. This paper examines the research on creativity training, management training, and the managerial behaviors that affect subordinates' creativity. Appropriate methods of management training intended to enhance subordinates' creative performance are suggested.


Laws of social and cultural psychology in transition differs from that of the very great change during the alternation of social formation or that of accumulation during normal stage, but it is the law of its transmutation in certain economic, political and cultural conditions. It mainly includes the law of ordering restructure, that is, all the factors in the system of social and cultural psychology, can self—organize and intensify or restrain, the change of some factors to reach ordering in the continual exchange with information, energy and material in external environment; the law of fluctuation, that is, the different forms of random micro—fluctuation happens in the system of social and cultural psychology, when a certain micro—fluctuation is enlarged by positive feedback, exceed the critical point, form hyper—fluctuation and lead to sudden change; the law of chain reaction, that is, the sensing procedure exists among the factors or subsystems in social and cultural psychology, one factor among them changes, can affect another or many others and then make stirring action. Understanding and grasping these three laws have profound theoretical and practical significance to develop the positive action overcome the negative action of social and cultural psychology.


Several factors influencing the characteristics of Q-switched fiber lasers,such as amplificated spontaneous emission,Q-switch selection,pump power and rate,choices of fibers,repetition rate of acousto-optic modulator,reflective index of output coupled cavity mirror and so on,are analyzed theoretically.The dependences of peak output pulse power and width upon the length and loss coefficient of the cavity are given,and the optimizing approach is proposed.


A change in the physical state of diphenyl(dibutylcarbamoylmethyl)phosphine oxide (DϕDBCMPO) upon contact with an acidic solution is described and the composition of the complex formed by the reagent and the acid is established. The quantitative characteristics of the extraction capacity of this complex are found using praseodymium as an example, and the advantages of using 100% DϕDBCMPO are shown.


Greenhouse-grown plants of three cultivars of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], with differing levels of tolerance to waterlogging, were subjected to four cycles of moderate waterlogging (MWL) or severe waterlogging. Leaf relative water content was reduced by waterlogging in the susceptible cultivar while it was increased in the tolerant cultivar, and was associated with a greater increase in stomatal resistance (r s ) and a greater reduction in dry matter production in the former. Leaf water potential (ψ L ), leaf area (LA) per plant, transpiration rate, and net photosynthesis were all reduced by waterlogging with no cultivar difference in response. Leaf weight ratio (LWR) was reduced in the MWL treatment only and to a greater extent in the susceptible cultivar, while stem weight ratio (SWR) was increased by waterlogging and was highest in the susceptible cultivar. After the first cycle of waterlogging there was little change in ψ L , LA, or dry weight of waterlogged plants but LWR declined while SWR increased with the number of waterlogging cycles, and the respective relative changes in LA, LWR, and SWR suggest that some adaptation to waterlogging occurred in the severely waterlogged treatment. Waterlogging greatly reduced the number of secondary roots per plant (except in the intermediate cultivar) and stimulated the development of aerenchyma within the bases of the stem and main root. It is suggested that cultivar differences in the number of secondary roots maintained and in the extent and distribution of aerenchyma may contribute to the relative tolerance of the cultivars to waterlogging.


The influence of pulse bias voltage on the performance of TiAlN film and the relation between the film-substrate hardness ratio and load were investigated.TiAlN film was prepared on Ti6Al4V alloy tube by multi-arc ion plating technology.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) were used to investigate the composition,microstructure and phase constituent of the film.The hardness was measured with auto micro-hardness tester.The results show that the film is composed of Ti2AlN(hcp).The film-substrate hardness ratio of the system decreases when the load increases in the condition of constant load.The pulse bias voltage has the irregular effect on the relation between film-substrate hardness ratio and load when the load is lower than 300 g.When the load is over 300 g,the pulse bias voltage has little effect on the relation between film-substrate hardness ratio and load.


The paper provides a brief overview of the main types of unlawful seizure of property and defines greenmail and raiding in Russia and in the West. The author considers reasons and schemes of raiding which are specific to the Russian market conditions. The author suggests a method for calculating the risk of raiding taking into account the specifics of the Russian economy and financial parameters. It is concluded that businesses can use financial parameters as a tool for maintaining financial equilibrium while financial monitoring of business should be conducted in order to be protected against raiders' attacks and can be used to develop a strategy to counter raiders, control financial and economic situation, and protect the business against takeovers.


The development of steel industry is resisted by lack of pig iron and steel scrap increasingly,Chose direct reduction new technologies.The backwardness of raw material structure can be changed,Energy consumption and production cost can be reduced,steel quality and environment can be improved.This paper concerns the direct reduction's features,the further development and improvement of direct reduction technology is discussed.


An economic experiment is used to investigate the presence and properties of injunctive norms regarding the division of a surplus between those who contributed to its creation. The experiment involves asking subjects what outcome should (as opposed to would) occur in a coordination game in which players' strategies are the two distributional rules: (i) a rule based on dividing the surplus according to contribution to its creation or (ii) equal division of the surplus. We find that there is a difference in the injunctive norm's properties when the contributions underlying the coordination game are a result of effort as opposed to luck. When contributions are due to effort both the difference and sum of endowments influences the injunctive norm. This is not the case when contributions are determined by luck.


This meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to explore the effects of flavonoid intake on adiponectin and leptin levels. The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched on March 1, 2021. Random‐effects, subgroup, sensitivity, and meta‐regression analyses were conducted on 40 publications. Flavonoid intake significantly increased circulating adiponectin (0.54 μg/ml, 95% CI [0.20, 0.88], p = .002; I2 = 86.4%) and significantly reduced leptin levels (weighted mean difference: −0.79 ng/ml, 95% CI [−1.33, −0.25], p = .004; I2 = 87.7%). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that flavonoid intervention produced a significant elevation in adiponectin levels only in studies that lasted more than 12 weeks, conducted in Asian regions, were parallel‐designed, involved obese or overweight participants and participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or cardiovascular diseases, used tea catechins, and used a dietary supplement intervention. A significantly negative effect on leptin levels was observed in studies conducted in Asian countries, with healthy participants and participants with T2DM, used whole food interventions, and involved participants with lower baseline leptin levels. In conclusion, flavonoid intake significantly increased circulating adiponectin and decreased leptin levels; however, study heterogeneity was very high. Future well‐designed trials are required to address heterogeneous study designs and clarify the efficacy of plants in regulating adiponectin and leptin levels.


A study of tourists to the New Hampshire Seacoast was conducted during the Summer 1998 and 1999 tourist seasons. A mail survey collected data on how seacoast visitors viewed potential management initiatives for coastal resources, the types of activities visitors have participated in and activities they are interested in participating in the future and visitors' attitudes and opinions regarding marine fisheries, fishers, and fishing communities. Since the cultural and historical aspects of fishing communities is one of the attractions that bring visitors to the seacoast area and public attitudes toward fisheries are not well known, this paper reports on how visitors perceive fishers and fishing communities, how they view the current status of marine fisheries, and examines motivations to participate in tourist activities related to commercial fishing and fishers' heritage.


This paper is devoted to the localisation problem of acoustic-magnetic sources moving in straight line at constant speed. Our technique is based on the association of Acoustic Doppler and Magnetostatic Methods. The objective of this study is to achieve localisation with only one sensor performing both frequency and magnetic measurements. The set of possible location is shown to be a circle since no angular information is available. The subsequent developments describe an Extended Kalman Filter with a linear observation equation to perform maximum performance in case of poor initialisation. The filter convergence is actually ensured when tested with simulated signals. A small residual bias on the velocity estimate is however noticed due to the non linearity of the prediction equation.


In the context of social transformation in China and Europe, economic management reform in China and Europe is struggling, and education development is in urgent need of innovation. Based on the above situation, this article puts forward a study on the economic management and education
 reform of China and Europe. With the continuous deepening of social transformation and economic management reform in China and Europe, this article analyzes the correlation between social transformation and economic management reform in China and Europe, and constructs a correlation matrix
 of social transformation and economic management in China and Europe in the form of input value or output value. Favorable conditions for the rapid economic growth of Central European countries: establish a well-functioning market economy system, implement export-oriented economic policies,
 promote economic growth, make full use of the geographical advantages of China and Europe in social transformation and economic management reform, and population growth in China and Europe The slow characteristic is conducive to economic management reform. In the context of the social transformation
 of China and Europe, it puts forward suggestions on China-EU education reform to promote the sound development of European social education. In the year of economic recovery in Europe, the situation of economic management and social production in China and Europe has gradually improved. The
 GDPs of Central and European countries have got rid of negative growth, the inflation rate has continued to decline, and the development potential of social and economic management reform in China and Europe has gradually emerged. This is of great significance to promoting regional and global
 stability and development.


We propose a numerical implementation based on a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) for the acceleration of the execution time of the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). The study focuses on the application of the LBM for patient-specific blood flow computations, and hence, to obtain higher accuracy, double precision computations are employed. The LBM specific operations are grouped into two kernels, whereas only one of them uses information from neighboring nodes. Since for blood flow computations regularly only 1/5 or less of the nodes represent fluid nodes, an indirect addressing scheme is used to reduce the memory requirements. Three GPU cards are evaluated with different 3D benchmark applications (Poisseuille flow, lid-driven cavity flow and flow in an elbow shaped domain) and the best performing card is used to compute blood flow in a patient-specific aorta geometry with coarctation. The speed-up over a multi-threaded CPU code is of 19.42x. The comparison with a basic GPU based LBM implementation demonstrates the importance of the optimization activities.


Assessments of quality in healthcare often focus on treatment outcome or patient safety, but rarely acknowledge the importance of patients' encounters with healthcare personnel. The aim of this study was to gain an improved understanding of negative experiences of healthcare encounters by investigating experiences of the general population. A questionnaire was distributed to a randomly selected sample population of 1484 inhabitants in Stockholm County, Sweden. The material was subjected to conventional content analysis. Seventeen different types of complaint about negative encounters were identified, including unpleasant behavior, not being listened to, inadequate information, and discrimination. Two possible underlying explanations are discussed; structural factors relating to the organization and allocation of healthcare, and individual factors relating to the staff's attitudes and professional practice. The results indicate that different strands of actions are needed to reduce patients' negative experiences of encounters in healthcare, depending on the setting as well as on which of the two factors predominates.


Wisdom computing and harmonious collaborations between humans and machines require understanding of both explicit and implicit aspects of embodied or tacit knowledge. We propose that scientific and technological advances on "Implicit Ambient Surface Information" are vital for further development of wisdom computing. This is based on the notion that information on the agent's (e.g., bodies and machine) surfaces is implicitly processed and affects collaborations between agents. For this, truly wearable devices that do not interfere with users activates are warranted. We have started to examine the potential use of implicit ambient surface information in the field of sports. Scientific and technological advances on such information will provide an innovative venue for wisdom computing and harmonious collaborations between humans and machines.


The ATPase activity of rat liver Fl is inhibited by a number of covalent labeling agents which are reported to have preferential specificities for either tyrosine, carboxyl, or amino residues. Two types of agents, ie. trypsin and sulfhydryl reactive compounds, are without effect on the ATPase activity of F1. In this study, the effect of trypsin on energy-linked functions catalyzed by the mitochondrial ATPase complex (FoFI) of rat liver was studied under specified conditions (60 pg of trypsin/mg of F1 in 250 mM K P i , 10 mM CaC12, 5 mM EDTA, pH 7.5,20 min, 25°C). In reconstitution experiments, trypsin-treated F1 binds to F1-depleted urea particles in amounts equivalent to untreated F1. The reconstituted trypsin-treated F1 is equally as sensitive to inhibition by oligomycin and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as the reconstituted untreated F1. However, the system reconstituted with trypsin-treated F1, unlike the system reconstituted with untreated F1, fails to catalyze ATP synthesis and ATPdependent transhydrogenase activity; it also fails to catalyze ATPand succinate-dependent proton translocation monitored with the fluorescent dye 9-amino-6chloro-2-methoxyacridine. The trypsin-treated F1 has velocity versus ATP kinetic profiles identical with the untreated F1 in both a nonactivating buffer, Tris-C1, and an activating buffer, Tris-HC03. The trypsin-treated F1 is equally as sensitive to product inhibition by ADP as the untreated enzyme. Moreover, trypsin has no effect on the amount of nucleotides bound to the isolated enzyme (1 mol of ATP and 1 mol of ADP/mol of F1), or the amount of added nucleotides which bind tightly to the enzyme (1 mol  of adenyl-5"yl imidodiphosphate and 1 mol  of ADP/mol of F1). However, two dimensional gel electrophoresis of trypsin-treated F1 reveals two new peptides comparable in size to the 6 subunit. If, rather than modifying F1 with trypsin, the Fl-depleted urea particles (containing F,) are treated with trypsin, similar results are obtained. That is, F, binds to  the  trypsin-treated  urea  particles in normal amounts, its ATPase activity is unaffected, and it is markedly inhibited by oligomycin and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. However, the reconstituted system fails to participate in energy-linked functions. Trypsin has no effect on ATP-dependent proton translocation in inverted inner membrane vesicles or in urea particles after reconstitution with F1, under conditions identical with those which elicit effects on F1 or urea particles. * This work was supported by United States Public Health Service Grant CA10951 from the National Institutes of Health. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "aduertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. These results show that there are trypsin-sensitive regions both on F1 and on the membrane (most likely at the level of Fo) which are essential for transformation of the electrochemical gradient of protons into chemical energy (and vice versa). Because these sites are inaccessible to trypsin in inverted inner membrane vesicles and in urea particles reconstituted with F1, they most likely lie at the interface between the Fo and F1 moieties of the FoF1.ATPase complex. The results also suggest that the mode of action of oligomycin and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is either  to elicit a conformational change in Fo which alters F1 or to block proton flow through one of two possible channels in the Fo unit.


In this study, blending of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and sago pith waste (SPW) was prepared by a one-step melt extrusion. The physico-mechanical, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), moisture sorption, rheological, and thermal characterization were conducted. Incorporation of PVA in SPW improved the tensile modulus, whereas the tensile strength reduced. The FT-IR analysis has shown that SPW could be introduced into the PVA network via the formation of hydrogen bonds between the PVA and SPW clusters. The interaction between PVA and SPW macromolecules has shown that there is a noticeable improvement in the water sorption ability. The rheological properties revealed that the PVA/SPW composites exhibited shear-thinning behavior and the blend viscosities increased with the rise in SPW content because of its rigid structure. Thermal analysis revealed that >50 wt% of PVA could induce greater molecular interaction between the PVA and SPW.


The crystal structure of the title compound, C 29 H 33 ClN 2 O 3 .2.25H 2 O, has been determined. The three C-N(piperidyl) bond lengths reflect the tetracovalency of the piperidine N atom. A strong intermolecular hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl and the N-oxide of neighbouring molecules forms endless chains in the b direction of the C2/c space group. The positions of the water molecules are partially occupied.


The results of development of technology for producing film polarizers of light transmitting/reflecting type are disclosed, these film polarizers are design used in liquid crystal display devices (LCD). Light reflecting composition with given optical properties has been developed, the composition was used to form a covering on light transmitting polarizer. The covering is mechanically protected by poly(ethylterephthalate) film which is removed after film polarizer is glued to LCD.


Screened Poisson Surface Reconstruction creates 2D surfaces from sets of oriented points in 3D (and can be extended to codimension one surfaces in arbitrary dimensions). In this work we generalize the technique to manifolds of co-dimension larger than one. The reconstruction problem consists of finding a vector-valued function whose zero set approximates the input points. We argue that the right extension of screened Poisson Surface Reconstruction is based on exterior products: the orientation of the point samples is encoded as the exterior product of the local normal frame. The goal is to find a set of scalar functions such that the exterior product of their gradients matches the exterior products prescribed by the input points. We show that this setup reduces to the standard formulation for co-dimension 1, and leads to more challenging multi-quadratic optimization problems in higher co-dimension. We explicitly treat the case of co-dimension 2, i.e., curves in 3D and 2D surfaces in 4D. We show that the resulting bi-quadratic problem can be relaxed to a set of quadratic problems in two variables and that the solution can be made effective and efficient by leveraging a hierarchical approach. CCS Concepts • Computing methodologies → Shape modeling; • Mathematics of computing → Nonlinear equations; Numerical analysis;


We use our unified chemical and spectrophotometric evolutionary synthesis code to describe galaxies of various Hubble types. With stellar evolutionary tracks and element yields for 5 different metallicities we follow the spectrophotometric evolution of composite stellar populations and the chemical evolution of ISM abundances in a chemically consistent way, i.e., accounting for the increasing initial metallicities of successive generations of stars. Evolutionary galaxy models are required to give agreement with template nearby galaxies of various Hubble types in terms of SEDs, stellar absorption indices or HII region abundances, respectively. Within the framework of a given cosmological model the redshift evolution of ISM abundances and abundance ratios is compared to damped Lyman $\alpha$ abundances. This provides information about the early star formation and nucleosynthesis history of the absorber galaxies and, at the same time, our models predict their spectral energy distributions. Optically identified DLA absorbers, with their spectral and chemical properties, provide, of course, the strongest constraints for the model parameters.


Entrepreneurship is one way that students do in order to develop their potential and overcome concerns about the work that will be obtained after graduating. Entrepreneurial activities are one of the most popular activities for students, but have many obstacles in their implementation. The purpose of this study was to determine the resilience ability of students. This research was conducted in Ketundan Village, Pakis District, using qualitative methods with a case study approach. Data collection was carried out by interview and observation. The research subjects were 4 students who had been self-employed for at least 6 months and involved 4 non-participants who were related to the subject as supporting informants in order to obtain valid information. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the dynamics of the ability of student resilience to entrepreneurship as a whole have this ability well, where this ability consists of emotional regulation, impulse control, optimism, empathy, problem cause analysis, self-efficacy, and achievement. Although not all subjects show excellent resilience by having the seven resilience components above, in fact entrepreneurship has been able to give confidence and optimism to students with less prominent achievements.


The invention relates to a panel and framework connection structure and clamping pieces thereof. The connection structure comprises a panel and a framework supporting the panel, which are fixed and clamped by a plurality of clamping pieces, wherein each clamping piece comprises a pressing part and a connecting part extending from one side of the pressing part; and the connecting part comprises a first extending part and a second extending part which are fixedly connected with corresponding connecting pieces arranged on the side surface of the framework. Through the panel and framework connection structure provided by the invention, under the premise of omitting a front frame, a liquid crystal panel of a liquid crystal module of an all-in-one machine can be fixed with the framework, so that the transport delivery risk is lowered, the liquid crystal panel is prevented from being damaged, and the assembly cost is lowered while the whole assembly structure of the liquid crystal module is simplified.


The process, main measure and application in China of dual string in separated formations for gas production are presented. The technology used features speeding up production rate and production efficiency. The initial cost is higher but it avoids the interference between formations and raises the production rate respectively. Meanwhile, dual string is with good adaptability, benefit for environment protection and reduces pollution. Main components and their functions are introduced. The paper concludes and analyzes the potential problems and the measures to be taken are presented as well. This paper will be benefit to the application of dual string in both oil and gas production in China.


The reference librarian will be more effective if he has positive and accepting beliefs and attitudes toward reference librarianship as a job, toward the persons who are served, and toward himself


The potential of demand side as a frequency reserve proposes interesting opportunity in handling imbalances due to intermittent renewable energy sources. This paper proposes a novel approach for computing the parameters of a stochastic battery model representing the aggregation of Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCLs). A hysteresis based non-disruptive control is used using priority stack algorithm to track the reference regulation signal. The parameters of admissible ramp-rate and the charge limits of the battery are dynamically calculated using the information from TCLs that is the status (on/off), availability and relative temperature distance till the switching boundary. The approach builds on and improves on the existing research work by providing a straight-forward mechanism for calculation of stochastic parameters of equivalent battery model. The effectiveness of proposed approach is demonstrated by a test case having a large number of residential TCLs tracking a scaled down real frequency regulation signal.


Under the conditions of according with strain nonlinear softening constitutive model of having inflexion point after peak stress of practical rock and considering rock deformation influence due to intermediate principal stress2s,stress distribution laws of surrounding rock plastic zone of circular cavern under the condition of uniform pressure,the mechanism of load bearing and acting relation between surrounding rock and support are studied. Some important conceptions of working status of practical cavern surrounding rock are obtained;such superior certain limit sup{pos} of self-support geo-stress and inferior certain limit inf{pa} of supportless cavern surrounding rock. The expressions of sup{pos}, inf{pa} and the relation formula between sup{pos}and geo-stress 0p,between inf{pa}and geo-stress p0 are given. The research results of plastic zone stress,plastic zone radius,surrounding rock pressure,and surrounding rock displacement are more nearly actual correspondence values of cavern surrounding rock with Fenner solution based on ideal elastoplastic materials.


Abstract In this paper a series of dimensions is suggested which includes as first terms dimension of a vector space, Gelfand–Kirillov dimension, and superdimension. In terms of these dimensions we describe the change of a growth in transition from a Lie algebra to its universal enveloping algebra. Also, we find the growth of free polynilpotent finitely generated Lie algebras; as an application we specify those algebras with rational Hilbert–Poincare series. As a corollary we find an asymptotic growth of lower central series ranks for free polynilpotent finitely generated groups.


Flat plate structures subjected to lateral load have less deformability than conventional moment frames, due to the brittle failure of plate-column connection. In the present study, parametric study using nonlinear finite element analysis was performed to investigate the deformability of flat plates. The numerical results show that as number of continuous spans increases, the deformability of flat plates considerably decreases. Therefore, existing experiments using sub-assemblages with 1 or 2 spans may overestimate the deformability of flat plates, and current design provisions based on the experiments may not be accurate in estimating the deformability. A design method estimating the deformability was developed on the basis of numerical results, and verified by comparison with existing experiment. In the proposed method, the effects of primary design parameters such as direct shear force, punching shear capacity, aspect ratio of connection, number of spans, and initial stiffness of plate can be considered.


This paper examines the joint effects of technology and exports on the economic performances of electronics firms in Malaysia. The empirical results based on the Partial Least Square (PLS) estimate procedure show that technological capability plays a multiple role in that it influences both the exports and performance of a firm simultaneously. More importantly, we find evidence that exports act as a mediating variable between technological capability and firm performance. Size is found to influence all three: product capabilities, exports and firm performance but not process capabilities. This paper concludes that researchers, in future studies, need to examine the dynamism between size, technology, exports and performance.


A Coulomb potential using a running coupling slightly modified from the perturbative form produces an interquark potential that appears nearly linear over a large distance range, and fits well to lattice gauge theory data. This calls into question the accuracy of string tension measurements which are based on the assumption of a constant coefficient for the Coulomb term. It also opens up the possibility of obtaining an effectively confining potential from gluon exchange alone.


Introduction : Patients entering emergency rooms of hospitals have usually suffered a serious traumatic event. In Thailand, deaths from traffic accidents are relatively high. Records are routinely kept containing data from hospital emergency rooms in hospitals. These data require appropriate statistical analysis so that management of such trauma patients can be improved. Objective To evaluate survival time until death after entry. Methodology : The survival time is simply the duration of follow-up, and the outcome is said to be censored. Due to such follow-up loss, a method is needed to avoid bias due to these censored survival times. A binary censoring status variable takes values 1 (outcome event occurred) or 0 (outcome unknown). Survival analysis uses the survival time and this censoring status. The survival curve is a graph showing an estimate of the probability that a subject survives at least for a specified duration t. The Kaplan-Meier curve is a nonparametric estimate of this survival curve. The log rank test gives a p-value for scientifically comparing survival curves for different groups of subjects. Result We see that subjects injured in traffic accidents survived approximately one hour longer than those injured from other causes. This result holds whether or not the disappeared group is included, but the median survival time is shorter when the disappeared group is omitted. Conclusion Our study raises more questions than it answers, because there is no information in the data about how long subjects survived after departing from the emergency room at the hospital. While such data could be obtained for subjects admitted to hospital, and it is also likely that discharged subjects are relatively healthy, nothing is known about those who went home or those lost to follow-up ("disappeared" subjects). Keyword : Survival time, Orthopedics trauma


The new Hungarian Labour Code of 2012 aimed to provide enhanced flexibility. The article summarises the objectives and basic concept of the labour law reform and gives a detailed assessment of the changes concerning the system of termination of employment. While the authors point out important fields affected by substantive changes, the overall evaluation is that the fundamental structure of the regulation remained intact. New rules on the protection of union officials against dismissal and the reformed sanction system for unlawful termination are highlighted as the most debatable elements of the new regulation.


On therequirement ofextracting seasurface current information bya single station, we trytoapply synthetic aperture technique toHF surface waveradar, present thenewconcept ofHF Surface Wave SAR (HF- SAR), andconsider thefeasibility ofextracting seasurface current byHF-SARinthispaper.Firstly thecomposition andimplementation aspects aredescribed, thensystem model andvelocity estimation algorithm aredesigned, andfinally simulation modeltoextract surface current isimplemented onasingle resolution cell. Additive complex Gaussian noise is included inthemodelofSARechosignals. Simulation results showthatbyproperly choosing thesize ofaresolution cell in azimuthdirection, andestimating Dopplercentroid and Doppler ratefromazimuth echoes, thevelocity estimation of surface current isderived, andtheprecision isenoughto meettherequirements. It indicates thatHF-SAR is theoretically feasible tobe usedinseasurface current extraction.


— The large centre-of-mass energy available at the Large Hadron Collider allows for the copious production of top quark pairs in association with other final state particles at high transverse momenta. The ATLAS experiment measures the cross-section of top quark pair production in association with a photon at 8 TeV. The results are presented for the cross section measurement in a fiducial region and differentially as a function of the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity of the photon.


Halting a nearly decade-long downward trend, the U.S. labor force participation rate (LFPR) has flattened since 2016, fluctuating within a narrow range a little below 63 percent. What role has the economy played in this change and what can we expect for the future? In this post, we investigate the extent to which the recent flattening of participation can be attributed to the simultaneous robust improvement in the labor market. We also assess the future path of participation in the medium run should labor market conditions improve further.


The effects of nitrogen fertilizer( on wheat 0,60,120,180,240 kg N /hm2,marked as WN 1,WN 2,WN 3, WN 4,WN 5; on maize 0,97. 5,195,292. 5,390 kg N/hm2,marked as MN 1,MN 2,MN 3,MN 4,MN 5; on soybean as SN 1,SN 2,SN 3,SN 4,SN 5) on dry matter accumulation( DMA) and grain yield( GY) of three crops in the wheat/ maize / soybean relay-cropping system were studied by field experiment in 2011 and 2012. Ⅰ) DMA and GY of the three crops increased significantly with N application( P 0. 01). Ⅱ) Wheat DMA and GY at the tillering stage( TS),jointing stage( JS),flowering stage( FS) and maturity stage( MS) increased with increasing rates of N. DMA at MS was the highest in treatment WN 4( 20610 kg/hm2) and GY at MS was the highest in treatment WN 5( 8176 kg/hm2) but there was no significant difference between WN 3,WN 4,and WN 5 treatments; Ⅲ) Maize DMA at the jointing stage( JS),flare opening stage( FS) and silking stage( SS) increased initially,then decreased with increasing rates of N, and was highest in MN 3. Maize DMA and GY at MS increased with increasing rates of N and they were both highest in treatment MN 5 with 13143 and 6976 kg / hm2,respectively,while there was no significant difference between WN 4 and WN 5. Ⅳ) Soybean DMA at FS and MS and GY initially decreased then increased with increasing rates of N,and its DMA and GY were the highest in SN 4( 5457 and 1977 kg/hm2,respectively),while there was no significant difference between WN 4 and WN 5. Ⅴ) Total GY and economic output( TEO) of the wheat / maize / soybean annual relay-cropping system rose with increasing rates of N and were the highest in the N 5 treatment with 11959 kg / hm2and 27288 yuan / hm2,respectively. The economic benefit of TEO and N input was highest in N 4 treatment with 25196 yuan / hm2and there was no significant difference between N 3,N 4,and N 5 treatments. The ratio of wheat,maize and soybean economic output to TEO of the system was 32%,55%,13%,respectively. So in the wheat / maize / soybean annual relay-cropping system maize is the top crop with wheat second and soybean third. Suitable N rates are 120 kg / hm2for wheat,195-292. 5 kg / hm2for maize,255-382. 5 kg / hm2for the annual system with proper N top application or with no application for soybean according to the growth.


Time-resolved emission techniques were employed to study the reversible proton photoprotolytic properties of surface-attached 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (HPTS) molecules to hydrophilic alumina and silica surfaces. We found that the excited-state proton transfer rate of the surface-linked HPTS molecules, in H2O and D2O, is nearly the same as of HPTS in the bulk, while the corresponding recombination rate is significantly greater. Using the diffusion-assisted proton geminate-recombination model, we found that the best fit of the time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) signal is obtained by invoking a two-dimensional diffusion space for the proton to recombine with the conjugated basic form, RO–*, of the surface-linked HPTS. However, we obtain an excellent fit by a three-dimensional diffusion space for diffusional HPTS in bulk water. These results indicate that the photoejected solvated protons are confined to the surface for long periods of time. We suggest two plausible mechanisms responsible for two-dime...


Between the Testaments, or Interbiblical History. By David Gregg, D.D., LL.D. Funk &; Wagnalls, New York. 1907. PagleS, 124. Dr. Gregg is now President of the Western Theological Seminary. He has given us a helpful little book, though not one of great originality. He does not tell the story of the Interbiblical times, but makes a free and popular discussion. This is done with clearness and vigor. The average man knows little about this period of Jewish history in spite of the numerous handbooks on the subject. A. T. RoBERTSON.


To optimize the microstructure design of the load bearing assembly of 3-D multidirectional braided composites,the flexure properties of three dimensional multidirectional braided composites T beam were simulated and analyzed.Based on the fine structure unit cell model,the elastic constants of 3-D,4-,5-,and 6 directional braided composites with different braiding angles were calculated by stiffness volume average method.The stress and strain of 3-D multidirectional braided composites T beam were computed by utilizing FEM Patran/Nastran software.The effects of fiber interlaced topology and microstructure parameters on the bending resistance of the composites were discussed.The results show that when the fiber volume content is fixed,the elasticit of 3-D six-directional braided composites is more close to isotropic when compared with 3-D 4-or 5-directional ones.Also,bigger braiding angle improves the bearing ability of the T beam.This method can be used as a reference for the microstructure design of 3-D shaped braided composites.


According to the basic theory of total quality management, the connotation and process of technological innovation, this paper explores the antecedents that affect the coupling of total quality management and technological innovation process. The results show that market data identification, demand scale, knowledge gatekeeper ability and organization dynamic ability are the core factors that affect the coupling of quality management and technological innovation process. Among them, demand scale is the most critical antecedent variable, followed by market data identification.


The disputes between liberalism and communitarianism have existed around Western and Chinese academic circles.In a sense,the arguments around the latter one are the extension of the former.However,as an academic phenomenon,the Chinese and Western contexts of all disputes must be distinguished.On the one hand,their respective academic aims ought to be differentiated;on the other,disparate cultural contexts should be portrayed.Furthermore,high alertness must be kept when the ideological tension turns up during Chinese academic circle's borrowing related resources in thoughts from Western counterpart.Hence the fruitful research resources could be obtained from the comparative researches in Chinese and Western thoughts.


Objectives Chronic bronchitis was studied in relation to work time and years of exposure in farming, as well as to production type, dusty occupation outside farming, and the combination of work exposure and smoking, in a population of farmers. Methods representative cohort 792 and invited in a cross-sectional study 1991. The total response rate was 80%. There were 33% part-time farmers, and among the men 32% of the full-time and 42% of the part-time farmers had worked in dusty occupations outside farming. Bronchitis symptoms were recorded on a self-administered questionnaire, spirometric data were obtained, and internal reference equations were calculated for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV, ,). Results The exposure factors of importance for chronic bronchitis were full-time farming versus part-time farming, livestock production types (poultry, dairy, swine, horse and combinations), and occupational dust exposure outside agriculture. The combinations of the work exposure factors were significant and showed a 2- to 3-fold increase in risk for chronic bronchitis. Coinbinations with smoking showed up to a 6-fold increase in risk. Over the age of 50 years, chronic bronchitis was a risk factor for airway obstruction defined as the standardized residuals for FEV, , less than -2 for both nonsmokers (OR 2.8,95% CI 1.1-6.8) and smokers (OR 8.5,95% CI 5.1-14.3). Conclusi~ns Work exposure factors in farming and other dusty occupations enhance the risk for chronic bronchitis from 2- to 3-fold for farmers. In combination with smoking the risk increases to up to 6-fold.


The chief pursuit of all aquatic science is to come to know the rules that govern aquatic systems. In this pursuit many scientists move in the direction of greater diversity, where the laws that govern ecosystem relationships become increasingly confined to specific circumstances. Uncovering these types of laws can provide useful information for specific cases but it is necessary to balance this type of investigation with work that goes in the opposite direction i.e. towards the common laws. Knowledge of these laws is more widely applicable and indeed becomes increasingly so the closer they are to the 'centre of the circle'. This type of pursuit was, and still should be, the function of the University, which seeks to find the unity in diversity. This paper attempts to reveal the laws that govern water and its role in the environment. It presents what some ancient literature and scriptures call the fundamental nature of water, namely to bond and to provide a matrix in which other processes take place, and that this applies at the causal, subtle and physical levels. This paper seeks to illustrate how these laws, that make water what it is, spread throughout the natural environment, lending qualities to all systems that are dependent on water. Wide ranging reference is made to scriptural and historical literature some of which is thousands of years old. From these, a 'fresh but ancient' way of viewing the health of the environment is presented, and the consequences of disrupting and abusing the natural laws are discussed.


The pounding tuned mass damper (PTMD) is a novel vibration control device that can be used for many different structures. The PTMD utilizes a viscoelastic delimiter to enhance its vibration control effectiveness and robustness though pounding between the tuned mass and the viscoelastic material. However, the viscoelastic material is subjected to repeated poundings during its service life, which influences the property of the material and degrades its energy dissipation ability. Therefore, this study investigates the fatigue behavior of the viscoelastic material under impact loading. An experimental apparatus, which can generate and sense the lateral impacts, is designed and fabricated to facilitate the fatigue study of the viscoelastic material subject to impact loading. Based on experimental data, the pounding stiffness and the hysteresis loops are employed to characterize the behavior of the material. It is revealed that the impact fatigue process can be divided into two phases: the cyclic-hardening phases and the cyclic-softening phase. The energy dissipation is firstly reduced, and then increased, by the repeated impacts. In summary, with a total of 360,000 impacts, the viscous elastic material is still effective in dissipating impact energy.


Methods and apparatuses, including devices and systems, for remote and detection and/or diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In particular, described herein are handheld devices having an electrode configuration capable of recording three orthogonal ECG lead signals in an orientation-specific manner, and transmitting these signals to a processor. The processor may be remote or local, and it may automatically or semi-automatically detect AMI, atrial fibrillation or other heart disorders based on the analyses of the deviation of the recorded 3 cardiac signals with respect to previously stored baseline recordings.


Background and study aims: Stones in the cystic duct stump (CDS) or gallbladder remnant after cholecystectomy are difficult to identify. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the diagnosis of stones in the CDS or gallbladder remnant in patients with postcholecystectomy syndrome. Methods: A prospective study was conducted between January 2011 and December 2012 in consecutive patients with pancreaticobiliary-type pain or acute pancreatitis (n = 112) following cholecystectomy. Diagnostic modalities including EUS were used to diagnose the cause of postcholecystectomy syndrome. Results: A total of 11 patients (10 %) were found to have stones in the gallbladder remnant (n = 8), CDS (n = 2), or both (n = 1). In eight patients, EUS was the first imaging procedure to make the diagnosis. Seven patients agreed to undergo repeat surgery, and six of them remained free of symptoms postoperatively after a median follow-up period of 4 months (range 1 – 13 months). Conclusion: EUS may be an important procedure to consider in the study of patients with symptoms after cholecystectomy, as the diagnosis of residual stones is frequently missed by other imaging modalities.


Paediatric malignant renal neoplasms are subjected to neoadjuvant chemotherapy as per Societe Internationale d'Oncologie Pediatrique; International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) protocol. An accurate tissue diagnosis is required prior to institution of chemotherapy, and hence the aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology (FNABC) along with cell block histology.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a resistance film type touch panel suppressing distortion of display due to deflection deformation by reducing an amount of deflection deformation of a touch side substrate. SOLUTION: In this touch panel, a plurality of projections 13 for contacts, a plurality of projections 14 for spacers, which project higher than the projections 13 for the contacts, and a first resistance film 15 formed so as to cover them are provided on the inside of a touch side substrate 11. A second resistance film 16, in which non-conducting holes 17 with respect to the first resistance film 15 are provided at portions corresponding to a plurality of the projections 14 for spacers, is provided on the inside of the opposite side substrate 12. A plurality of projecting contacts 18 brought into contact with the second resistance film 16 by deflection deformation resulting from touch of the touch side substrate 11 are formed of the plurality of projections 13 for contacts and portions of the first resistance film 15 which cover the projections 13 for contacts. A plurality of columnar spacers 19 abutting on the opposite side substrate 12 to define the gap between the substrates are formed of the plurality of projections 14 for spacers and the portions of the first resistance film 15 which covers the projections 14 for spacers in the non-conducting part 17 of the second resistance film 16. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT


This paper considers if, and to what extent, the law of the European Union can be regarded as a useful frame of reference for the evolution of meaningful principles of international sustainable development law [ISDL]. The first leg of the article identifies a number of significant evolutions in the constitutional frame of the EU which mark the transition from a purely economic association to a more comprehensive political Union with the power to adopt regulations in the social, environmental and human rights fields. In the second part of the article, I survey some of the ways in which this shift in the constitutional mandate of the Union has led to the progressive development of new and dynamic areas of Community Law through regulations and directives. In the last chapter of the paper, I turn to the internalization by European institutions of some of the legal principles which make up ISDL, with special emphasis on precaution and public participation. Overall, this paper shows that, whilst the anatomy of EU Law reveals some striking characteristics and a commitment to opening the doors of the Union to non-commercial interests, the EU's progress towards sustainability remains slow. In many ways, the EU continues to be dominated by its mercantilist ethos and the rhetoric of sustainable development might be little more than an 'alibi' used by European institutions to rehabilitate the ideology of economic growth without rethinking the foundations of the European trading system or addressing the complex relations between trade liberalization, environmental protection and social development.


Seed predation by insects is an important factor influencing the evolution of synchronized annual fluctuations in the seed production of plant species. Photinia glabra ( Rosaceae ) is an evergreen bird-dispersed tree species that exhibits high variation in annual fruit production and heavy seed predation by insects. To identify the insect species infesting P. glabra , and to investigate seed predation patterns by these insects, we periodically sampled its infructescences from post-flowering until fruit ripening. We reared insects obtained from infested P. glabra fruits, and found that the insect species was Argyresthia assimilis Moriuti, 1977 ( Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae ) , whose host plant has been unknown since it was first described. Emerging females oviposited on P. glabra fruits in late September, usually laying a single egg per fruit. Larvae bored into the oviposited fruits and fed on seeds within the fruit. Final instar larvae exited the fruits to form cocoons in advance of fruit ripening in late December. Because P. glabra decreases the number of fruits after flowering ( mid-May to mid-August ) , and because ripe fruits are heavily eaten by birds, immature life history of A. assimilis prevents egg loss by laying eggs after the decline in fruit number, and enables larvae to avoid bird predation within ripe fruits. This tight synchronization between insect and host plant life histories suggests that the host range of A. assimilis is restricted to P. glabra and its close relatives.


(2-Aminoethyl)phosphonic acid (AEP) is not taken up by Streptomyces fradiae in the biosynthesis of fosfomycin. Attachment of L-alanine or L-alanyl-L-alanine to the amino group of deuteriated AEP affords di- and tri-peptides 4 and 5 which are transported into the cell.[2-13C]AEP is synthesized from Na13CN and the tosyloxymethylphosphonate 7. It is transformed into dipeptide 4d, which acts as a carrier for [2-13C]AEP which is incorporated into fosfomycin with an enrichment of 2%.


Obvious differences of infrared polarization information exist in different objects and different states of the same object. These differences can constitute the target detection information. The physical innate characteristic of target detection based on infrared polarization imaging technology was briefly introduced. The principle of the polarized bidirectional reflectance distribution function was mainly elaborated. The infrared polarization imaging detection models were cited. Application advantages of infrared polarization imaging technology were outlined. The structure classification and the characteristic of the infrared polarization imaging system were concisely summarized. Progress in target detection and recognition field of infrared polarization imaging technology was described. The imaging theory, the basic research experiments and the applications in target detection of the infrared polarization imaging technology were described in details. In the end, the advantages of infrared polarization imaging were pointed out, and some advices to the development of the field in our country were put forward.


Opportunity and Sex Offending by International Peacekeepers in the Central African Republic by Musa Yerro Gassama Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University May 2018 Abstract Despite their peacekeeping role in the management of internal armed conflicts, some military peacekeepers have sexually exploited local populations in host countries, resulting in dire social and health consequences and threats to the success of international peace operations. Although researchers have examined sexual violence committed by peacekeepers, few researchers, if any, have used routine activities theory to examine sex offending by peacekeepers. The purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which situational opportunities influenced international military peacekeepers' engagement in the sexual exploitation of civilians in the Central African Republic, a peacekeeping host country. Data were collected from face-to-face interviews with 15 research participants, including local witnesses, military officers, representatives of civil society organizations, and United Nations policy makers, and from public records obtained from online sources. Data were coded using an inductive coding strategy and then analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicated that both the local and peacekeeping conditions, including lack of deterrence and accountability mechanisms, heightened the vulnerability of local populations to sex predation and motivated peacekeeper sex offenders to engage in sex offending. Local community leaders, civil society organizations, peacekeepers, and policy makers could use study findings to promote educational programs on the institutional responsibility to protect vulnerable civilians as well as shape policies to prevent the commission of sexual exploitation by peacekeepers. These actions may also help susceptible civilians, especially women and girls, to be aware of the risks linked to their vulnerability and empower them to seek legal redress.Despite their peacekeeping role in the management of internal armed conflicts, some military peacekeepers have sexually exploited local populations in host countries, resulting in dire social and health consequences and threats to the success of international peace operations. Although researchers have examined sexual violence committed by peacekeepers, few researchers, if any, have used routine activities theory to examine sex offending by peacekeepers. The purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which situational opportunities influenced international military peacekeepers' engagement in the sexual exploitation of civilians in the Central African Republic, a peacekeeping host country. Data were collected from face-to-face interviews with 15 research participants, including local witnesses, military officers, representatives of civil society organizations, and United Nations policy makers, and from public records obtained from online sources. Data were coded using an inductive coding strategy and then analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicated that both the local and peacekeeping conditions, including lack of deterrence and accountability mechanisms, heightened the vulnerability of local populations to sex predation and motivated peacekeeper sex offenders to engage in sex offending. Local community leaders, civil society organizations, peacekeepers, and policy makers could use study findings to promote educational programs on the institutional responsibility to protect vulnerable civilians as well as shape policies to prevent the commission of sexual exploitation by peacekeepers. These actions may also help susceptible civilians, especially women and girls, to be aware of the risks linked to their vulnerability and empower them to seek legal redress. Opportunity and Sex Offending by International Peacekeepers in the Central African Republic by Musa Yerro Gassama Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University May 2018 Dedication To my supportive wife, Amie Faye. To our eldest and late daughter, Habie. To our sons, Yerro, Batch, and Amadou. Acknowledgments My sincerest gratitude goes to my faculty mentor and dissertation committee chair, Dr. Yu, who has guided and challenged me throughout the doctoral program and process. Dr. Yu's rigor and attention to details have instilled a sense of discipline in my academic work. My committee member, Dr. Saye, has also provided guidance and has challenged me in the journey. I could not have taken this arduous journey alone. I am indebted to each one of them. I sincerely thank both of them for the suggestions that have helped me in the revisions. My sincere thanks also go to Dr. John Walker, my university research reviewer member, who provided guidance on the revisions. I want to thank Dr. Kachgal, who did the Form and Style Review, all the international academic advisors who had worked with me, and administrative staff of Walden University, who, in one way or another, also contributed to the outcome of my doctoral study. I express my gratitude to my wife and children for their support and patience throughout this journey. The joyful presence of my family and their understanding accompanied me throughout this long journey.


The 3rd annual report of the Canadian Museum of Civilization (and of its affiliate, the Canadian War Museum) outlines the museums' mandate, activities, acquisitions, public programmes and the experience of the Cineplus.


Objectives The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships among hospital safety climate, patient safety climate, and safety outcomes among nurses. Methods In the current cross-sectional study, the occupational safety climate, patient safety climate, and safety performance of nurses were measured using several questionnaires. Structural equation modeling was applied to test the relationships among occupational safety climate, patient safety climate, and safety performance. Results A total of 211 nurses participated in this study. Over half of them were female (57.0%). The age of the participants tended to be between 20 years and 30 years old (55.5%), and slightly more than half had less than 5 years of work experience (51.5%). The maximum and minimum scores of occupational safety climate dimensions were found for reporting of errors and cumulative fatigue, respectively. Among the dimensions of patient safety climate, non-punitive response to errors had the highest mean score, and manager expectations and actions promoting patient safety had the lowest mean score. The correlation coefficient for the relationship between occupational safety climate and patient safety climate was 0.63 (p<0.05). Occupational safety climate and patient safety climate also showed significant correlations with safety performance. Conclusions Close correlations were found among occupational safety climate, patient safety climate, and nurses' safety performance. Therefore, improving both the occupational and patient safety climate can improve nurses' safety performance, consequently decreasing occupational and patient-related adverse outcomes in healthcare units.


4-Amino-2-chloropyridine was synthesized from 2-chloropyridine by oxidation and nitration to give 2- chloro-4-nitropyridine N-oxide followed by reduction in 75% overall yield.


Polyimides are commercially available materials which are widely used in various aspects of microelectronics. In this work, we show the use of a polyimide as a material suitable for the formation of micromechanical structures and its modification by reactive ion etching.


BACKGROUND
In an era when information technology developments are being harnessed by governments to improve patient care, it is important to consider the issues raised by the use of computers in health care practice and policy.

AIM
The aim of this paper is to provide an appraisal of considerations raised by the use of computers in health care. REVIEW FOCUS: Drawing on a range of studies in the social and medical sciences, the paper reviews the considerations. The introduction to the paper maps out the policy context, which is followed by three substantive sections: first, computer hardware and software considerations; second, issues around confidentiality; and third, personal, social and cultural considerations.

CONCLUSION
This paper demonstrates that information technology developments must be allied with government or state direction and should be informed by evidence. Whilst the issues discussed are of primary relevance to the United Kingdom National Health Service, they have wider relevance to health care systems internationally.


Anti-glare device for a motor vehicle, comprising one of an open position into an active position movable shading device (2) for at least partial blockage of the eyes of a vehicle occupant (I) and a light detecting means (3), by the light detecting means (3) the detected light intensity characterizing sensor signal (S) is generated and is supplied to a control / evaluation unit (4) through which in response to the supplied to the sensor signal (S) of the light detection means (3), the shading device (2) actuated actuating signal (ST) is generated , characterized in that by the light detection means (3) at least from a part region (G1) of the face (G) of the vehicle occupant (I) reflected light intensity is detected


The universal concepts of sociology are those that form the basic foundation of the discipline found in all human societies and valid for all times. Examples are the concepts of sanction, class, social stratification, social mobility, group, culture, values, religion, custom and others. These concepts are universally valid in the general and abstract sense but their historical and concrete manifestations are conditioned by their temporal, spatial and cultural frameworks. It is in the studies of these unique historical phenomena that the autonomous tradition has its roots. What is lacking in the non-western world is an autonomous social science tradition, generated and developed by local scholars, guided by the selection of problems from within the society, applying an independent concept of relevance in the collection and accumulation of research data and comparative attention to problems outside the country or region.


In this paper we propose a new product inwhich speech is used to interact with computers. Speech is a man's most powerful form of communication. The user will be able to give various voice commands to the system, which the system will recognize and execute tasks based on the input command. This system will provide another form of input (apart from mouse and keyboard) for daily users. It will also be of great assistance to physically challenged users. The user will be able to perform all the operations using his voice as input which he is able to perform normally using mouse and keyboard. The system however requires a little bit training from the user, so that the system will understand the user better. The need of training is due to the fact that every person has different voice. Also the voice of women is totally distinct from men. More training will result in faster and accurate response. Extensive experiments are conducted in order to check the accuracy and efficiency of the system, and the results show that our system is reliable and achieves better accuracy and efficiency than previous systems.


While the Singapore government has sought to construct the elected presidency as an institution critical to Singapore's political system, the result in fact forces the institution to contradict itself. This paradox has important implications for politics in a post–Lee Hsien Loong Singapore.


IPhone. History of the iPhone, List of iPhone and iPod Touch models, IPhone OS, App Store, Jailbreak (iPhone OS), IPhone Dev Team, IPod


The paper presents the design and implementation of Costas loop in a binary phase-shift-keying (BPSK) demodulation scheme. The signal of interest is a 10KHz carrier BPSK modulated by 4 Kbps data, with a sampling frequency of 10MHz set at the receiver. The Costas loop compensates for frequency and phase errors caused by various sources like clock drifts, Doppler shift and bit-time errors. A novel architecture for NCO (Numerically Controlled Oscillator) has been used in the evaluation of the Costas loop. The simulation has been carried out using MATLAB Simulink and Modelsim PE and each module is verified for its working.


A previously healthy 15-year-old boy presented to our hospital with pain and purpura of his left thigh after an intramuscular injection in that leg. Ten days prior, he had presented to a referring hospital's emergency department for nausea and vomiting and was given 20 mg of intramuscular dicyclomine. He reported severe pain at the time and site of injection. Within a few hours, he noticed swelling and purpura overlying the site of injection. Over the next 2 weeks, the swelling persisted and the purpura intensified, becoming black centrally (Figure A and B). Pain worsened over this period, initially restricting use of the leg, then preventing any weight bearing, prompting his admission to our hospital 10 days after the injection. He also reported numbness and occasional tingling of the skin involved. The patient denied fever or chills, and his nausea and vomiting had resolved. Findings of a physical examination were significant for retiform purpura of the left thigh, approximately 8 × 12 cm in size. Palpation of the area elicited severe pain. Popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis, and femoral pulses were strong. There was no swelling of the remainder of the leg, and findings of joint examinations were normal. Sensation was intact throughout the leg with the exception of the skin involved, which had diminished light touch. Blood test results revealed a normal complete blood cell count, normal coagulation profile, and an elevated creatine phosphokinase level of 477 U/L (normal range, 22-198 U/L; to convert to microkatals per liter, multiply by 0.0167). Magnetic resonance imaging of the thigh was completed, and a skin biopsy was performed for culture and histology. Retiform pupura 2 d after injection A Worsening retiform pupura 13 d after injection B


The analysis of regional differences in a share of service sector in employment was conducted in the study. The aim of research was to identify the most important intra-sectoral determinants of labour engagement in the service sector at a level of voivodeships. Statistical methods such as analysis of variability, correlation, regression and factor analysis were used to realize the task of research. After identification of the most important factors determining regional scale of employment in the service sector and their structuralization, there were indicated specific sets of factors influencing situation in each voivodeship.


In his early years,Yu Yan(1258-1327)learned Confucian classics including Zhu Xi's(1130-1200)Zhouyi benyi(Original Meaning of the Zhou Changes)and Cheng Yi's(1033-1107)Yizhuan(Commentary on the Changes).Synthesizing meanings-and-principles and image-numerology,and through several decades of accumulative efforts,he composed his Zhouyi jishuo(Collected Discussions on the Zhou Changes).He revised his draft four times in order to better represent the sages' meanings.He articulated many incisive points of view which had not been disclosed by Zhu Xi and Cheng Yi.This manifests his contribution to orthodox Changes scholarship.In the prime of his life,he was instructed by some recluse and by chance obtained Daoist approaches to the Changes by which he discovered the secret of the Taiji tu(Diagram of Supreme Ultimate)and attained to marvels of alchemical refinery.In order to shed light on Shao Yong's(1011-1077)learning of the Changes based on diagrams and charts and expand Wei Boyang's alchemical refinery theory explicated in Cantong qi,he wrote the Zhouyi cantong qi fahui(A Clarification of the Token for the Agreement of the Three According to the Zhou Changes)and Yiwai biechuan(Separate Transmission beyond the Changes),which exhibited his contribution to the assimilation of the Changes into Daoism.


Due to the precisely optimization of up to 9300 building components and an optimized passive house envelope, the primary energy demand has been reduced to a minimum. The consequent implementation of plenty of energy efficiency measures enables less HVAC efforts by simultaneously maintaining high level thermal quality requirements. Therefore, an optimized heating, cooling and ventilation demand simplifies the entire HVAC system to meet all challenges and requirements regarding a comprehensive refurbishment towards a plus-plusenergy office building. The implementation of a CO2 driven and real occupation based ventilation system with a variable and optimized air rate, is only one key element towards user satisfaction, HVAC simplification and integral planning stages. Furthermore, an interdisciplinary team of experts, including a scientific team of the TU Wien, have been used the instruments of holistic planning approaches and a simulation based decision making process during all stages. The primary energy balance at Austria's biggest plus-plus-energy office building covers not only the energy demand for it ́s entire operation, but also for the energy demand caused by all it ́s occupancies. As a result of the reduced area for the HVAC distribution and generation, this building benefits of an additional conference room at the top of this building as well as an additional night ventilation system. By considering the general issue of complex refurbishments within a city, the concept and the approach of this plus-plus-energy office building can be seen as a best practice example in terms of facing future urban challenges.


The inflation, which is, calculated as year-on-year percent change in general price level, is a combined effect of several types of price changes. The monetary authority tries to track that part of inflation, which can be effectively monitored and controlled using various monetary instruments. This persistent component of inflation is termed as 'Core Inflation', which comprises long-run properties as well as predictive power of future inflation. In this paper, 12 different measures of core inflation making use of 8 different methodologies viz. Exclusion basis, Mean-SD, Median, Trimmed Mean, Historical Standard Deviation, Hodrick-Prescott Filter, Wavelet Filter and Structural Vector AutoRegression (SVAR) are presented. Moreover, this paper has outlined 9 approaches for judging the preferred measure(s) based on different properties of core inflation.


NR-Alpha is a prototype of a surgical instrument server nurse robot. NR-Alpha is designed to provide to the surgeon the demanded surgery instruments. NR-Alpha perceives the surgeon's voice, recognizes the name of the instrument demanded and starts to look for the demanded instrument on the working area; once localized the instrument, NR-Alpha grapes it and finally reaches the hand of the surgeon to give him the demanded instrument. NR-Alpha is composed by three main modules: Artificial Vision Module (AVM), Voice Recognition Module (VRM) and Control Module (CM). In this paper, we describe how the VRM module could be implemented. To recognize the name of the instrument pronounced by the surgeon, VRM uses a dynamic associative memory (DAM). This DAM stores associations between a voice signals that encode the name of a surgery instrument and images of the corresponding instrument. Once the associative memory is trained, we would expect that when the surgeon pronounces, for example, "Forceps" the associative memory would recall the image of a forceps. Subsequently, the image recalled by the DAM could be used to localize the instrument. In order to test the accuracy of the proposal, we firstly train the DAM with associations of the instrument we would like the DAM learned. We then use a benchmark composed by 1800 voice signals to test the performance of the proposal.


A LTHOUGH EURIPIDES' MEDEA has been termed a "tragedy of discourse,'l a play preoccupied with language and the uses and abuses of persuasive speech, scant attention has been paid to Medea's language, especially her use of blame discourse. Even B. M. W. Knox, who first argued in 1977 that Euripides modeled this character on the Sophoclean hero, has little to say about the speech practices that may have strengthened her epic connection.2 Blame speech may be generally defined as "words uttered to another person or persons blaming him for an action or omission, disapproved of by his society, which he . . . is in a position to remedy."3 The Medea organizes this type of speech around a V6IKOq (638, 904, 1140), aberrantly staged between a husband and wife, that reaches its climax in a sophistic "contest of words" (-attkkav . .. X6owv, 546). Through her use of blame discourse, Medea is said to provoke such "wordy wars" (ptki70yovu 'py7q, 637-38): she utters curses (112-14, 160-67 and passim), threats (an?tkiXcv, 287), reproaches (5vci6oq, 514; dvcictb,aq 547) and engages in name-calling (KaKtcvToq at 229 and passim), discursive strategies not normally considered appropriate to wives. Through Medea's abusive language, the play suggests a transgression of normative gender roles that prefigures her elevation to semi-divine status at the end of the play. Combined with more traditional feminine means of persuasion, such as supplication, Medea's blame discourse wins the sympathy of the female chorus and persuades her powerful male interlocutors-Creon, Aegeus, and Jason-to do her bidding. Through these verbal performances, Medea gains control of her opponents and becomes the "author" of a new discourse about


Scholarly publications often work to provide transparency of peer-review processes, posting policy information to their websites as suggested by the Committee on Publication Ethics' (COPE) Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Publishing. Yet this falls short in providing peer-review transparency. Using examples from an interview-based qualitative study, this article argues that scholarly publications should move from peer-review process transparency to a praxis of transparency in peer review. Praxis infers that values inform practices. Scholarly publications should therefore use clear communication practices in all matters of business, and bolster transparency efforts, delineating rights and responsibilities of all players in peer review. Moreover, the scholarly publishing community should offer improved and society-led referee and editor training, rather than leaving the commercial publishing industry to fill the gap which results in peer review as a service to industry's needs – turning an efficient profit – and not the scholarly community's needs for human-to-human discourse.


Prevalence of chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) and bronchial asthma (BA) in the large industrial centre of Western Siberia Omsk is studied. By results appealing for medical aid prevalence a mounted to 1,46%, according to questioning 14,0%, by results of autopsy 25,6%. Prevalence of COLD and BA in the Omsk region according to the statistical reporting 9,6 times diff ers from results of questionnaires, and from the given patologo-anatomic researches in 17,66 that lead to formation of the big group of non-therapy patients and unauthenticity of the data which are a basis of working out of medical and social programs of rehabilitation of the given pathology.


Most equations used to predict the ground motion produced by explosions were developed using confined blasts that were detonated for breaking rock in mining or tunnelling. Ground motion is usually recorded by geophones or seismometers. The air blast produced by open-pit blasts and explosions on the surface can pose a significant risk, thus microphones and pressure gauges are often also used to monitor the effects of the explosion. The aim of this study is to determine whether the predictive equations developed for confined explosions can be used to predict the effects from explosions on the surface, with appropriate adjustments to the various coefficients. Three predictive equations developed for buried explosions were tested. The study shows that the US Bureau of Mines peak particle velocity (PPV) predictive equation is the most reliable. In addition, a predictive equation that uses the secondary atmospheric shock wave phenomenon also produced good results, and uses the scaled delay time parameter, which is easier to measure. These equations may be utilized for demolition sites, where old and potentially unstable explosives and obsolete equipment are destroyed on the surface, and for assisting in forensic seismology to determine the details of an unexpected and unknown explosion.


The advent of satellite television in Algeria constitutes a major event.   It reinforces, among other things, the critiques that Algerians address with respect to Algerian television and to political and public affairs.   Although satellite television does not represent in itself the changes that characterise contemporary Algerian society, it highlights some of the signs of these changes, notably the transformations occurring in gender relations. Other issues are also raised by satellite television such as the nature of public space, the sociability as well as the identifications and the formation of identities.   Indeed, how does satellite television affect common spaces, such as those of neighborhood, home and family, as well as social actors, men and women?   What do the effects of the practices implied by satellite television have on the signification of the political in a society that did not experience democracy?


power derives from the general laws of social choice that science has uncovered. Thus, it can be taught, and the lessons of one successful heresthetic experiment can be applied to different strategic situations whose underlying structures are similar, viewed in this context. The Art of Political Manipulation is not a scholarly work at all, but a manual "so that men of affairs may be instructed in this newly rationalized art" (p. xi).


In recent times, social recommendation has become a popular technique in recommender systems due to its ability to enhance the accuracy of recommendations by leveraging the social relationships among users. Despite its widespread use, the prevalent social recommendation methods are often marred by sparsity and noise issues that negatively impact their practicality. Additionally, these methods fail to consider complex user interactions, which could potentially provide additional information. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a novel self-supervised signed graph attention network (SSAN) that incorporates user attitudes in the construction of higher-order user relations. This approach integrates signed networks in the formation of reasonable higher-order local neighborhood relations and aggregates user interests in different social relations through graph convolution and balance theory. Furthermore, two self-supervised signals, derived from social theory, are designed and incorporated into the recommendation framework to better exploit the rich structural and semantic information in social relationship graphs. Empirical results on three publicly available datasets demonstrate that SSAN outperforms existing state-of-the-art social recommendation methods.


Summary form only given. Conducting polymers that combine with flexibility and processability can be used in polymeric batteries, flexible displays, antistatic coatings, and bio-medical applications. Polythiothene (PTh) is one of the conductive polymers, which is stable in air and can be easily processed. Existing PTh films have been prepared by conventional method like chemical synthesis or electrochemical polymerization. Plasma has been used for the preparation of PTh1. Vacuum plasmas and radio frequency (RF) atmospheric plasmas are the most common methods for depositing plasma-derived thin films and nanoparticles. However, the necessary equipment is difficult to operate and maintain as well as being large and expensive because of vacuum process and matching, respectively. Here, we report the use of a novel intense and highly energetic atmospheric pressure plasma jet array using direct plasma jet-to-jet coupling effects2, 3 to deposit high functional plasma-polymerized thiophene (PPTh) for lithium-ion battery application. The newly proposed atmospheric pressure micro-plasma jet array device can generate the intense plasma mode with a strong plasma emission and high plasma particle energy. PPTh was successfully deposited using the proposed intense, highly energetic, and high-density atmospheric pressure plasma jet at a sinusoidal wave with a peak value of 16 kV and a frequency of 33 kHz. PPTh on glass substrates were characterized by SEM, FTIR, and IR analysis of intense plasma. The deposited plasma polymers revealed the excellent plasma polymerization and matched with the spectrum of polythiophene. Plasma polymerized thiophene on LiCoO2 electrode for lithium-ion battery has successfully deposited and revealed excellent electrical properties.


A conceptually simple modification of the Deal‐Grove model for oxidation of Si by dry oxygen provides an excellent fit to experimental data while removing the regime of ''anomalously high'' initial oxidation rates inferred by previous workers. The essential physical proposal is that while diffusion through the amorphous oxide is via molecular oxygen, Si oxidation occurs through the reaction of a small concentration of atomic oxygen.


The objectives of this exploratory research are to examine the current situation in the use of traditional and modern management accounting techniques in local governments.Fourteen local governments in Perlis, Kedah and Penang were sent questionnaires.Literature reviews suggest that there is lack of research in this area being done in Malaysian local governments.Local researchers such as Sulaiman et al. concentrated more on private and public sectors.These two sectors are more advanced compared to local governments in terms of management accounting uses. Foreign researches concluded that the uses of these techniques are slowly being adopted in their local governments.If the western countries experience can be an indication of trends in local government then this would portent to our own local governments' experience.The results obtained from the questionnaires and interviews indicate that the level of advancement fell short of such expectation.This is especially true for district councils. The city councils are more advanced in the use of traditional management accounting techniques and in the use of modern management accounting techniques.Operating under the government controlled environment there seemed to be little incentives by the local governments to migrate to more modern management accounting techniques.


Cloud service selection and financial expense are two main concerns of users considering adoption of cloud computing services. In this paper, we propose a novel cloud federation that is cognitive to the dynamic prices. The cloud federation system first determines on which cloud services should the user applications be deployed. Then, when a cloud provider is charging too high for a VM, the proposed system automatically migrates user tasks to a cloud system that is charging at a lower rate. We discuss the architectural framework and platform design, provide a mathematic formulation and investigate a total service fee minimization approach with privacy constraints. Preliminary simulation results demonstrate the proposed system can lower the cost of cloud services by exploiting the advantages of different price policies provided by multiple cloud providers.


Triple A syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. The major manifestations of the involved patients are adrenal insufficiency, achalasia and alacrimia, long narrow faces, high arched palate, oral pigmentation and fissured or atrophic tongue. Xerostomia is also recognized as a consistent oral finding in the patients. Aside from challenges in management of xerostomia and its complications, the assocation of these conditions in childhood would be of great clinical importance in diagnosis of a hereditary syndrome which encompasses noticeable systemic features. This paper reports the clinical features, differential diagnosis Triple A sydrome in sibilings.


This article describes a new tool in transit's communication toolbox known as "Voice over Internet Protocol" or VoIP or IP. It allows calls to be encoded as data and sent from origins to destinations, and can piggyback onto existing data networks. The author describes VoIP benefits for transit agencies, such as reduced trunking, calling and server costs, ease of configuration, business continuity, enabling unified communications, and a growing number of competitive suppliers. Challenges include expense and voice quality. The article also describes how VoIP has been implemented for two transit systems: the Stark Area Regional Transit Authority of Canton, Ohio and the Southwest Ohio Regional Transit Authority in Cincinnati. Both found the systems to be beneficial.


Two experiments were carried out during two successive years 2014 and 2015 at the period from July to October in the experimental apiary of Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt to study the effect of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) feeding with pollen substitute on bee venom production. As well as, the effect of venom gathering during various periods of the day on the number of dead bees and worker's brood rearing. After that, venom gland was microscopy examined and the collected venom was HPLC analyzed. Results indicated that the highest average of collected bee venom was 0.17 and 0.20 g/colony in July at 2014 and 2015, respectively. The highest venom amounts were collected at 7-9 pm. In addition, the higher mean numbers of dead bee's (18.7 and 24.0 dead bee/colony) were observed in October and August of 2014 and 2015 year, respectively. Venom gathering effect on worker's sealed brood area so it increased in control colonies by 4.0 and 13.0 % more than the colonies used for collection venom at different day times during 2014 and 2015, respectively. Results also showed that venom gland parameters were affected by feeding honeybee on pollen substitute. From HPLC analysis of the collected bee venom, results showed that the main components of venom were increased by feeding honey bee colonies on pollen substitute. The main components were melittin (48.7%), phospholipase A2 (16.4%) and apamin (2.0%).


This study outlines the distinction between (1) residual stresses at an ideal crack tip, undergoing reversed deformation in the absence of crack closure, and (2) additional residual stresses generated due to plasticity induced closure upon fatigue crack growth. Residual stresses resulting from reversed deformation in plane strain were higher compared to the plane stress case, while residual stresses generated behind the crack tip were more significant in plane stress compared to plane strain. The origin of these residual stresses was studied for two specimen geometries over a wide range of loading conditions. We define a new crack tip parameter, Stt as the applied stress level that corresponds to the development of tensile stresses immediately ahead of crack tips. The Stt levels were significantly higher for a fatigue crack than for an ideal crack. We attribute the difference in Stt levels between these two cases to plasticity induced closure. The results demonstrate the importance of the Stt parameter, since the stresses ahead of crack tips could remain compressive even when the crack surfaces are open. Moreover, the study emphasizes the need, when describing fatigue crack growth, to incorporate both the closure concept and residual stress field ahead of a crack tip.


The histopathological analysis of the tissue includes a detailed study of cellular and nuclear structures and their altered presentation in a given pathology. This is carried out by using a large spectrum of staining procedures and a variety of microscopic techniques. One of the specific and interesting features is the observation of various histopathological bodies seen in different pathologies. The presence of histopathological bodies is often an important diagnostic-aid in identifying the underlying disease. Hence, the present article is an attempt to compile different histopathological bodies seen in various diseases with special emphasis on pathogenesis, microscopic and ultramicroscopic features of the same


In order to implement sampling wide band signal, the random sampling method is always taken in designing of the digital storage oscilloscope (DSO). The exact definition of equivalence sampling and random sampling is given in this article. It discusses the realization methods of random sampling and gives a new random sampling method with self calibration capability. With this method, the errors will be reduced as well as the sampling rate is improved.sigma


Quantifying NEE in mountain areas is di cult to achieve, but the four methods do reveal the importance of moisture stress and elevation in determining NEE magnitude and timing. Signi cant sinks of carbon do exist in the Mountain West. Four approaches compared at the scale they best represent processes: (1) ux tower, (2) airborne budget, Niwot Ridge eddy covariance tower samples footprint of subalpine forest in Colorado (Monson et al., 2002)


The late summer and autumn food of large grayling in the rivers Drawa and Wda is reported. In both populations the food is dominated by larvae of the caddis fly Brachycentrus subnubilus. It is concluded, that the fish feed selectively on B. subnubilus larvae, especially in Drawa. Presented is the food of grayling during application of the insecticide deltamethrin


Each ordinary person has his own judgement about human nature, the child being included in the implicit theory of a person and forming an element of its psychological culture. There implicit theories of a person can be rather far from the facts revealed in the science of facts and laws but they render very big influence on real behaviour of the person, strategy of a vital way, formation of subjectivity and are important for understanding of the nature of a person, especially for teachers.