BASF has developed a unique process for applying powdered resin systems to continuous reinforcement fibers in order to produce flexible towpreg material. Evaluation of three powder epoxy resins using this towpregging process is in progress under NASA contract NAS1-18834. Shell RSS-1952, Dow CET-3, and 3M PR 500 powder epoxy systems have been successfully towpregged with G30-500 6K carbon fiber. Both neat resin and basic unidirectional composite properties have been developed to compare performance. Cure cycles for each system have also been developed for repeatable fabrication of high-quality composite laminates. Evaluations of the powder towpreg material for use in textiles processes such as weaving and braiding are underway. Traditional 8-harness weaving has been successfully performed with one system (PR500/G30-500) to date, with some basic composite properties generated. Ongoing work will demonstrate scaleup of the towpregging process for higher throughput, as well as evaluation of the powder towpreg material in advanced preforming processes such as 3-D braiding and weaving. An outline and figures summarize the research results.


Submitted for the MAR07 Meeting of The American Physical Society Thermoreversible Ion Gels by Block Copolymer Self-assembly in Ionic Liquids YIYONG HE, TIMOTHY LODGE1, University of Minnesota — Ion gels, formed by swelling a polymer network with ionic liquids, have been shown to be promising candidates towards highly conductive solid-state electrolytes. Through the self-assembly of triblock copolymers in room-temperature ionic liquids, transparent ion gels could be obtained. Due to the low copolymer concentration, the ionic conductivity of the resulting ion gels is only modestly affected by the triblock copolymer network. By further selecting thermo-responsive end blocks in the triblock copolymers, thermoreversible ion gels were developed. The gelation behavior, ionic conductivity, rheological properties, and microstructure of the ion gels were investigated in detail. The results presented here suggest that triblock copolymer gelation is a promising way to develop highly conductive ion gels. 1author for correspondence Yiyong He University of Minnesota Date submitted: 17 Nov 2006 Electronic form version 1.4


Every adult native speaker of Russian knows that kon' is masculine and lan' is feminine, although 3rd declension nouns present some difficulties in the first and second language acquisition. However, will the fact that these nouns are less frequent than masculine nouns ending in a consonant or feminine nouns ending in -a/ja play a role for online subject-predicate agreement processing? Or will subject-predicate agreement processing be more problematic with subjects of a certain gender? Finally, some final consonants are more characteristic for feminine gender, while the others for masculine gender. Are speakers sensitive to this? We present two experiments addressing these questions. We found that all three factors play a role, but for different tasks (online agreement processing or determining the gender of a novel word) and at different processing stages.


Contrary to the general assumptions about the effects of cancer treatment, women undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy treatment for breast cancer tend to gain weight rather than lose it. This weight gain has implications for other health outcomes, disease-free survival, and psychosocial sequelae. Changes in body composition, resting metabolic rate, physical activity, dietary intake and menopausal status have all been associated with this weight gain. The purpose of this study was to better understand the mechanism of the weight gain by looking at the impact of possible body composition changes and changes in resting metabolic rate that occur with adjuvant chemotherapy treatment. Methods: Weight, resting metabolic rate, and menopausal status were measured prior to treatment, and with each cycle of chemotherapy in a group of five women (mean age 49.2+5.4 years; mean weight 75.2+17.8 kg) undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy for stage l-IIIA breast cancer. Body composition was measured prior to the start of chemotherapy and after the last cycle, using duel-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results: One-way repeated measures ANOVA did not show any significant difference in weight or resting metabolic rate throughout treatment, however, plots of the mean effect showed an increase in weight over time and a decrease in resting metabolic rate during treatment, which returned to pre-treatment levels post treatment. However, the combined slopes of individual regression lines did not differ from zero. Average weight gain was 1.9 kg (range -2.71 to 6.81). No significant changes in body composition were found, however, a 2.5% increase


The experiment was conducted in the plant tissue culture laboratory of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University. For the purpose of evaluating the tolerance of celery cultivar Festival to water stress in vitro using three concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG) (4, 0.2 mg L-1) and three concentrations of nano selenium (Se) (4, 2, 0 mg L-1) in the growth and multiplication of strawberry shoots. The apical meristem taken from the purlins of the aforementioned cultivar, which was obtained from Najaf Research Department - Agricultural Research Department - Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture, was cultivated in the MS medium (Murashige and Skoog) supplied with (1 mg L-1BA + 0. mg L-1). IBA + 80 mg L-1adenine sulfate) for 4 weeks, Then the percentage of surviving plants, the average number of shoots formed, their lengths, the number of leaves, and their fresh and dry weights were calculated as indicators of their response and tolerance to water stress. The results showed a significant reduction in the percentage of plant survival, the number of branches and their lengths, the number of leaves, and their fresh and dry weights when the concentration of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the multiplication medium was increased. The lowest values were recorded at a concentration of 4 mg L-1compared to the highest results when the control treatment was 0 mg L-1. As for the nano selenium, the highest values were recorded at a concentration of 4 mg L-1compared to the lowest results when the comparison treatment was 0 mg L-1.


Abstract Purpose: This study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of urea on aggregation responses of heat-treated platelets. Materials and methods: The urea was added to platelet-rich plasma (PRP) samples in final concentrations of 50 and 100 mM. PRP samples, with or without exogenous urea, were incubated at 37 °C, 39 °C and 41 °C for 90 min and then were stimulated with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or epinephrine for measuring of platelet aggregation responses. The average reduction in aggregability of heat-treated samples with reference to mean value obtained for control samples treated at 37 °C was expressed as inhibition percentage. Results: Aggregation responses of the samples treated in the presence of 50 mM and 100 mM urea were significantly less inhibited by hyperthermia treatments compared with those treated without exogenous urea. Conclusion: The results indicate that the inhibitory effect of hyperthermia on platelet aggregation responses could be significantly modulated by urea.


Liquid-fuel ramjets (LFRJs) exhibit high specific impulse (compared to rockets) due to ambient air intake for combustion and rely on storable liquid fuel at controllable mass flow rates. In this investigation, we perform a similarity analysis of an LFRJ combustor in order to determine parameters that can be applied to predict the behavior of an engine of any magnitude on the basis of test results obtained from engines of different scales. Similarity analysis accounting for geometry, transport phenomena, liquid-fuel dynamics, and chemistry is conducted. It defines a series of similarity rules resulting in pressure–diameter scaling. The scaling model was evaluated using Cantera chemical kinetics software and the Hybrid Chemistry Jet Propellant-8 liquid-fuel reaction mechanism, transport properties, and thermodynamic data. It simulates the combustion dynamics as those of a perfectly stirred reactor in order to determine the effects of the pressure and combustor size on combustion efficiency via the degree of reaction completion at various residence times. The simulation confirmed our scaling prediction that, for operating conditions where chemical kinetics are the main factor affecting combustion efficiency, we require pressures that are inversely proportional to the combustor dimensions.


In Indonesia in the last five years, homosexuals still experience discrimination. This condition causes the gay to create new identities that are constructed. Instagram is a medium that is currently widely used by gay in social interactions. This media is used by gays to construct their identity. This study aims to find out how they construct their identity through instragram social media, and what their identity is different in the real world and cyberspace in Bandung. This research method is qualitative with a phenomenological study approach. The informants in this study were gay groups in Bandung City, expecially gay young. Sampling technique used to purposive sampling with deep interview, observation and documentation. The results of this study say that one's experience of being gay is driven by internal environmental factors, namely the treatment of discrimination from family members, colleague and friends. The popular features of Instagram used by informants on Instagram are posting photo, video, and comment by share story to post. Gays construct their identity through online and offline media. Researchers found that there were two stages (front stage and back stage) played by gays when interacting with others.


AbstractThe MS-H vaccine, containing a live strain of Mycoplasma synoviae is a feasible option for controlling M. synoviae infection in poultry flocks. A comprehensive understanding of vaccinated chickens, including strain differentiation and immune response mechanisms is required to optimize vaccination strategy. This study aimed to verify the PCR-RFLP molecular assay as a convenient technique for detecting the MS-H vaccine strain and to characterize the immune response mechanisms in experimental layer-type chickens receiving three different vaccination programs; a single dose at either 9 or 12 weeks of age or two doses at both 9 and 12 weeks of age. The PCR-RFLP assay, using restriction enzyme TasI to digest vlhA gene-targeted PCR amplicons, was performed to evaluate vaccine administration by detecting the MS-H vaccine strain in vaccinated chickens and differentiating it from non-vaccine strains as WVU1853 reference strain and Thai M. synoviae field strains. Results demonstrated that vaccination in layer-type chickens, whether as one or two doses, stimulated immune response mechanisms with no significant advantages of two administrations over a single administration. Serological responses in vaccinated chickens, examined by RPA test and ELISA, were initially detected at 2 weeks post-vaccination, continuously increasing, and then maintaining at the baseline levels during 6 to 9 weeks post-vaccination. Cellular immune responses against both homologous and heterologous antigens, examined by the MTS tetrazolium assay, were similar in the early period post-vaccination, whereas cellular immune response against the homologous MS-H antigen was improved in the late period post-vaccination.


This paper examines the effect of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) and welfare programs on the labor supply and income of single mothers. We characterize the nonlinear budget constraint under these programs using a piecewise linear approximation and estimate nonparametrically a structural labor supply function. Employing a flexible functional form, we show that the EITC effect on hours of work is heterogenous. An EITC expansion increases the hours of poor single mothers whose tax credits increase with earnings and decreases the hours of those not so poor whose tax credits decrease with earnings. These two effects cancel each other, which explains why the EITC is found to have little effects on the average hours of work. Despite its disincentive effect on part of the population, the EITC effectively increases the family income of all affected groups. ∗Department of Economics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1; email: firstname.lastname@example.com. Labor Supply and Income Effects of the Earned Income Tax Credit and Welfare Programs


The requirements for rhythm of rhymed Fu in the Tang dynasty are discussed based on the study of Kuang Jianxing. The rules of word matching are obeyed in writing rhymed Fu in the Tang dynasty,by which some rhythm mistakes can be avoided. The four tones of classical Chinese phonetics are particularly stressed thus making the rhythm of the Fu works to be changeable,which is clearly different from those in the Qing dynasty.


The treatment of the mucogingivalproblems is one of the main objectives of the periodontal therapy. The insufficient or absent attached gingival increases the risk of development of gingival recessions. The classical grafting procedures cannot offer a solution for coverage of a larger than 3 teeth recipient area. The strip technique for free gingival graft avoids the limitations of the palatal donor area and decreases the number of surgical procedures required for augmentation of the attached gingival tissues.


In this paper,the author introduces the working process and the main idea of the distributed and cooperated Software Quality Assurance platform which is based on CMM and ISO 9000 series.At the same time,the design idea and the implementation methods of the activity flow viewer in this platform is introduced also.


ABSTRACT This study examined the impact of posttraumatic symptoms and self-reported abuse on the MMPI-2-RF among female inmates (N = 212). Posttraumatic symptoms were related to demoralization and internalizing dysfunction. MMPI-2-RF scales related to behavioral and externalizing problems, conduct problems, anxiety, anger, fear, guilt, unusual beliefs, somatic complaints, ineffectiveness, stress, family problems, and social isolation were associated with posttraumatic symptoms and abuse. Findings indicate that the MMPI-2-RF has utility for examining the impact of abuse and posttraumatic symptoms in incarcerated women. Using a standardized instrument to examine the effects of trauma provides useful information for treatment management and planning.


Exact knowledge of bacterial flora of the upper respiratory tract in health and disease would be of immeasurable aid in the treatment of infections of that region. The number of bacterial cultures of the upper respiratory tract obtained each year in a large general hospital (2000 to 3000 a t the University of Maryland Hospital) indicate that a respectable number of physicians regard knowledge of the bacterial flora of the upper respiratory tract as indispensable, or at least desirable, in the determination of proper therapy. However, the interpretation of information obtained from such studies remains obscure. The paucity of exact data on the normal flora renders the task of interpreting the "abnormal" arbitrary at best. Unquestionably, potentially pathogenic bacteria are constantly present in the upper respiratory tract of most if not all normal individuals. The nasopharynx and pharynx are the most common locations for these potential pathogens, with some variation existing between these two sites.' The location of the point at which these potential pathogens become of clinical significance constitutes a tantalizing enigma. Pure cultures are uncommon and are seen in the clinically well and the symptomatic individual. Pure cultures of potentially pathogenic staphylococcus may in fact emerge during antimicrobial therapy directed at infection elsewhere2 without subsequent development of significant upper respiratory tract symptoms. There are few points of general agreement concerning the bacterial flora of the normal upper respiratory tract. The presence of large numbers of staphylococci in the normal vestibule and the relative sterility of the nasal cavity proper are conceded? However, when the nasopharynx is considered, there is an immediate and striking divergence of findings. The Diplococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) has been reported in the nasopharynx of normal controls in percentages varying from 3.5 to 48,6-8 while in infection some have felt that there was a significant increase in pneumococcal isolates,e* lo and others have shown only a moderate increase.s The 0-hemolytic Streptococcus has been reported as varying from less than five' to more than 20 per cent,* and the Slaphylococcus pyogenes var. aureus from thirty-fives to 3.4.6 Hemophilus is even more striking, varying from fifteen' to less than 1 per cent.E To complicate the problem further, the Neisseria and the diphtheroid groups have been ignored by some8 as possible upper respiratory tract pathogens, while being considered worthy of comment and investigation by others." The significance of a single culture is a dilemma resolved with no greater ease than the previous conflicting statistics. A mixed culture is the rule in the normal, infected, and treated patient. The primacy as to growth is fre-


Objective:To explore the characteristics and rules of somatotype of the Tibetan adolescents in Naqu district.Methods:The somatotypes of 1 194 Tibetan adolcscents in Naqu were evaluated by Heath-Carter anthro- pometric method.Results:The average somatotype of Tibetan adolescents in male was Mesomorph-Ectomorphy (2.40-3.52-3.59) and in female was Central (3.73-3.23-3.21).The somatotypes developed from Mesomorph- Ectomorphy to Ectomorphic Mesomorphy in male;however,it was from Ectomorphic Mesomorphy,Central, Balanced Ectomorphy,Balanced Endomorphy to Mesomorphic Endomorphy in female.Conclusion:The somato- types of Tibetan adolescents in Naqu are slim with little fat;musculo-skeletal system is not well developed.Dur- ing the period of quick growing and developing,the difference of somatotypes of Tibetan adolescents is obvious between city and pasture area.


Cyclone, one of the most detrimental natural hazard, affects human lives, property, livestock, agricultural produce, infrastructure and communication facilities. In the case of India, cyclones originate in the Bay of Bengal have more frequency than the cyclones those are having their origin from Arabian Sea. The state of Tamil Nadu in India is taken as the study area because it also one of the most affected states by cyclone originating in the Bay of Bengal. Arc GIS software is used in the study for analysis. The past cyclone tracks from Cyclone e-Atlas provided by Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) is taken as the source of data. The aim of the study is to delineate the cyclone prone zones in the study area, which will surely help in disaster management planning, research and development.


The governing equation for steady flow in a homogeneous, partially saturated, porous medium can be written in a linear form if one adopts a hydraulic conductivity function which varies exponentially with capillary-pressure head. The resulting linear field equation is a steady Fokker–Planck equation and is well-suited to numerical solution by the boundary integral equation method (BIEM). The exponential conductivity function is often used in soil physics and is known to be a reasonable approximation over limited ranges of pressure head. A computer code based on the BIEM for obtaining numerical solutions is described and tested. The BIEM is found to exhibit quadratic convergence with element size reduction on smooth solutions and on singular problems, if mesh grading is used. Agreement between results from the BIEM code and a finite element code that solves the fully non-linear problem is excellent, and is achieved at a substantial advantage in computer processing time. As an illustrative example, the code is applied to determine the distribution of moisture in the vicinity of a tunnel.


One of the reasons why the Spanish Civil War got so much international attention was because of the intense coverage it received in the mass media. For the first time ever, magazines the world over published photographs of war, and newsreels of what was going on in the war were shown repeatedly in the cinemas of many countries. Yet, for a period of three years, there was little variation in the documentaries shown to European and American spectators. The lack of variation was due in part to the fact that not many films were available, but we can also argue that the symbols and iconography were established very early on in the war, and only a very reduced number of images were considered emblematic of the conflict. Paradoxically, the message varied greatly according to which country the film was shown in, which leads us to the conclusion that the limited and rather homogeneous visual symbolic representations were used in highly contrasting discourses on the Spanish Civil War.


American Foundry Group worked in partnership with SFSA, UI and UAB to perform a case study in which the mechanical performance of tensile and Charpy specimens were analyzed and correlated to simulated results. These specimens were pulled from various test bars and sections of a casting. This was done as part of the Digital Innovative Design for Reliable Casting Performance (DID) project. During this process we recorded the costs of making these test bars to shed light on the high cost of Equivalent Round test blocks, possible savings and differences in mechanical performance between various test bars. Note: this paper is an interim report based on current findings. Additional material is to be tested and a complete analysis to correlate modeling will be done later along with additional work such as modeling of properties based on heat treatment. 1.0 Title ................................................................................................................. Page 1 2.0 Abstract ........................................................................................................... Page 1 3.0


Background- For the anomaly detection problem, the negative selection algorithm (NSA) has a significant detection effect. However, the traditional negative selection process requires a lot of time in the detection phase to calculate the distance from the sample point to the detector. Methods- This paper proposes a new negative selection algorithm based on hierarchical clustering of detector sets. Hierarchical clustering of detector sets to reduce the number of detector sets is the primary goal, thereby reducing the time spent in the test phase. Result- Compared with RNSA and V-detector, the results show that in most cases, the algorithm can improve the detector rate and reduce the false detection rate.


Information System approach for manufacturing system involves systematic computerization of all the manufacturing process integrating computer aided manufacturing. Three levels are modeled using system dynamics approach. The need analysis using system dynamics identifies level of automation, level of flexibility and level of integration as the key factors for policy making. Some important issues concerning these decisions are also discussed which give insight to the management for effective decision making during the planning and design phases.


The Surgical Technology Program prepares graduates to function as members of the surgical team, assisting the surgeon, professional nurse, or anesthetist in a variety of surgical arenas. Theory and practice of surgical asepsis are the focuses of the program. Students develop knowledge and skills in maintaining aseptic technique within the surgical areas of health care delivery. The curriculum combines didactic, college laboratory and clinical experience with an emphasis on acquiring clinical skills. The study of operating room technology is planned sequentially, making use of all prior learning so that students can synthesize course material and focus on applying it in operating room practice. Students will have clinical experiences in a variety of surgical cases, including endoscopic and obstetrics. Students must pass the NBSTSA (National Board of Surgical Technology and Surgical Assisting Association) Certifying Examination, which is approved by the NBSTSA Advisory Board.


Scotland is a quasi-autonomous territory within the United Kingdom. It has its own legal system and extensive powers of self-government under a system of legislative devolution. In other words, the powers of the Scottish Government and Scottish Parliament derive from an Act of the United Kingdom (UK) Parliament – the Scotland Act 1998 (as amended) – and are not constitutionally entrenched. Within the UK, there are also systems of legislative devolution in Wales and Northern Ireland, but not in England – the largest, by some measure, of the four UK territories.1 The UK Government and Parliament therefore govern in some respects for the whole of the UK, but in other respects for England only. The response to the Covid-19 pandemic in Scotland has largely mirrored that elsewhere in the UK, reflecting the enmeshed legal competences of Scottish and UK governmental institutions, the fact that the four UK administrations were, at least to begin with, receiving the same expert advice, and the desire, again at least initially, for a common UK-wide approach to a common public health threat that does not respect jurisdictional boundaries. However, there have from the outset been differences in the legal basis of some measures taken to tackle the pandemic in Scotland, and differences of detail and emphasis. Those differences have increased over time. While there remains significant commonality in the types of measures taken in response to the pandemic in all four UK territories, more differences in the detail, timing and tone of the response have emerged. Indeed, it has been claimed that the four-nation approach to the pandemic has effectively been abandoned.2


Connection between the concept of entanglement and origin of nonlinear phenomena in optics is discussed. The concept of entanglement plays an important role in quantum mechanics and usually it is connected with so-called nonlocality of quantum mechanical interactions in space [1, 2]. Many years it is extensively studied due to fun-damental interest and also for possible practical applications in the fields of communication and quantum computation. Substantially less attention is de-voted to the so-called entanglement in time [3-7]. The concept of entanglement in time can also have other sense as a memory of quantum system about the initial state . Does such memory possible? The experiments clearly show that such memory of quantum system about the initial state really exists and manifests itself through inequality of forward and reversed processes in optics [8-10]. Efficiency of the reversed process may be much greater, than the efficiency of forward one.


Combined with concrete project,it elaborates the application of steel arm reinforcing layer in projects,and mainly introduces the effect of steel arm reinforcing layer in super-high layer buildings,setting principle as well as structural measures.It also points out steel arm reinforcing layer can effectively reduce the side-moving structure,reinforce the general rigidity of structure,and can be reference for the structural design of super-high constructions.


Inorganic gas generation as a function of maturity is not included in most hydrocarbon generation and migration modelling techniques. In many cases these compounds constitute a large proportion of the products from kerogen maturation and should therefore be included in any quantitative oil and gas exploration. Inorganic gas productivities of various kerogen types and their kinetics, may reflect the chemical nature of the kerogen and play an important role in generation and especially in migration of the usual hydrocarbons.


Mortality suffered by the sea squirt in indoor experiment was higher at the stocking density of 12 ㎏ than that at 3 and 6㎏. Daily mortality was also higher at 8℃ t thermal fluctuation than that at 3 and 5℃. The thermal fluctuation observed at the depth of 5 m during June was higher, i.e. 7.4℃ but it was just 2-4℃ during mid-May. It did not fluctuate at all during the period from January to February. Mortality was higher at the stocking density of 12 ㎏ during June than at 10 and 15 m depth.


Objective
To explore the part of characteristics of the executive function of adolescent criminals through the research for more-odd shifting of adolescent criminals and vocational school students.

Methods
Fifty criminals were randomly selected from a penitentiary of Chengdu as study group, and fifty students were enrolled randomly from an vocational school as control group.The experimental group matched the control group on the age, gender and IQ.They were all tested by a general state questionnaire made by the investigate themselves, and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised in China.Executive function was assessed using more-odd shifting.

Results
(1)There were some different factors, even though the subjects of the two groups were matched on VIQ(97.77±12.07, 103.07±13.88), PIQ(97.62±11.96, 103.25±11.85), and FISQ(97.58±11.75, 103.75±11.35). The four factors of the study group, which include Comprehension(9.05±3.29, 11.04±3.25), Similarities(9.41±2.34, 12.04±2.35), Digit Span(12.68±2.17, 14.63±1.94) and Picture Completion(8.73±2.41, 10.44±2.59), were lower than the control group, and these differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). (2)In the experiment of more-odd shifting, whether in the single task or in the mixed task(21.12±2.82, 17.80±7.34), the correct number of the size(13.27±2.66, 11.03±5.96), the correct number of the parity(17.06±2.73, 14.00±6.40)in the study group, were higher than those of the control group, and there were significant differences between the two groups(P<0.05). (3)In IQ tests, for the study group, Comprehension in single task was significantly correlated in size reaction time(r=0.58, P<0.01). For The control group, Comprehension was significantly related to single size reaction time, single parity reaction time and mixed parity reaction time (r1=-0.62, r2=-0.63, r3=-0.53, P<0.01), Similarities was significantly related to single size reaction time, single parity reaction time and mixed parity reaction time (r1=-0.62, r2=-0.72, r3=-0.62, P<0.01).

Conclusion
On the attention shifting and the cognitive flexibility, the vocational school students and the adolescent criminals have no difference in the case of matched IQ, and there is no defect for the attention shifting function of adolescent criminals.

Key words:
Adolescent criminals; Shifting function; Control study


Abstract. Present work describes a multiplex "sandvich" approach to enzyme-linked, solid-phase immunosorbent assay designed in microarray formate, aiming for quantitative evaluation of individual profile of cytokine expression. Its high specificity, throughput and sensitivity (30 to 20,000 pg/mL) are demonstrated with human IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and TNF assays. This diagnostic technique may be further used both for research applications and in clinical trials.


Under influence of climate change and human activities, deterministic trend has been detected and reported in various hydrometeorological observation records. In order to correctly model the stochastic properties, the time series has to be stabilized by removing the trend. Both detrending and differencing have been proposed to fulfill such a task. But the influence of the two stabilizing approaches on the residual series is distinguishing. In this study, ARMA models are constructed based on the above two stabilization approaches for an annual minimum daily discharge series with a deterministic trend. Comparisons are made with respect to stabilization ability, model simulation, and forecasting. Results indicate that the model based on detrending is superior to the one based on differencing in almost all the selected comparison criteria. So detrending is suggested to remove the deterministic trend before using ARMA model to fit the observed data.


Febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha‐Habermann disease (FUMHD) is a rare, idiopathic, acquired dermatosis that can affect all ages and ethnic groups. We present a 10‐year‐old patient with FUMHD associated with arthritis and chronic fatigue, managed with methotrexate. Through our literature review, we also explore treatment protocols for a disease for which internationally standardized management is yet to be formulated.


When the enterprises use the natural resource and the other environmental resource to develop themselves, it needs to balance the short term social welfare and the long term development of enterprise and society. It means for the industrial and commercial enterprise to transmit and remove the operational mode which maybe give rise to the environmental issue.


ABSTRACT Designs are presented for infrared free electron lasers (FEL's)with rf wigglers and relatively low voltage electron beams. BothQuasi-optical and cavity gyrotrons are considered as sources for thewiggler. One of the most promising designs is the use of a quasi-optical gyrotron. where the radiation is coupled into a corrugatedwaveguide. This allows focusing of radiation, and propagation overrelatively long paths. so that the FEL can be generated with fairlylarge wiggler parameter and gain. THE GYROTRON POWERED WIGGLER FEL A magnetostatic wiggler for an FEL has been constrained up to now by a minimum wavelength of a centimeter or so. Typicalwiggler periods in fact are more like 3 cm. Reducing the wavelengthfurther is not only technically difficult, but also leads to problems inFEL electron beam clearance. The typical transverse dimension of clearance is about /2it where Xw is the wiggler wavelength. One way around this is to use an rf wiggler. This gives rise to several advantages.


The quantum-statistical expression for the viscosity coefficient in terms of time correla tion function is calculated for Fermi gases, and an interpolation formula valid in the entire region of temperature is derived. The formula for the viscosity gives the temperature depend ence of y-2 in the extremely degenerate case, and leads to Uehling's expression for the quantum correction in the slightly degenerate case, and to the Enskog-Chapman tt.eory in the classical limit. The behaviour in the intermediate temperature region between the extremely and slightly degenerate cases is determined with numerical calculation by using the S-wave ap proximation. It is shown that the minimum of the viscosity occurs at about 0.6 Tc, T, being the degeneracy temperature. These results are used to discuss Zinov'eva's experiments on the viscosity of liquid He3 by employing Landau's theory of Fermi liquid. The effective mass ancl the degeneracy tem perature are determined from recent experiments on the heat capacity, as m=2.34m 0 and T a=2.13 °K. A good agreement is obtained below about T=0.6 oK by assuming a=l.158X10-8 em for the scattering amplitude describing the collision between quasi-particles.


Summary Recent years have seen a substantial increase in the use of crisis resolution home treatment (CRHT) teams as an alternative to psychiatric in-patient admission. We discuss the functions of these services and their effectiveness. Our research suggests high rates of suicide in patients under CRHT. Specific strategies need to be developed to improve patient safety in this setting.


Paclitaxel (Taxol) is a widely used anticancer isoprenoid produced by the secondary metabolism of yew (Taxus sp.) trees. However, only limited amounts of Taxol or related metabolites (taxoids) can be obtained from the currently available sources. In this work we have taken the first step toward genetically engineering the biosynthesis of taxoids in angiosperms. The first committed step in Taxol biosynthesis is the production of taxadiene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), catalyzed by the plastid‐localized enzyme taxadiene synthase (TXS). A recombinant T. baccata TXS lacking the putative plastid targeting peptide and fused to a C‐terminal histidine (His) tag was shown to be enzymatically active in Escherichia coli. Constitutive production of the full‐length His‐tagged enzyme in Arabidopsis thaliana plants led to the accumulation of taxadiene and concomitant growth retardation and decreased levels of photosynthetic pigment in transgenic plants. Although these phenotypes may derive from a toxic effect of taxadiene, the lower accumulation of endogenous plastid isoprenoid products such as carotenoids and chlorophylls in transgenic plants also suggests that the constitutive production of an active TXS enzyme might alter the balance of the GGPP pool. Induction of transgene expression using a glucocorticoid‐mediated system consistently resulted in a more efficient recruitment of GGPP for the production of taxadiene, which reached levels 30‐fold higher than those in plants constitutively expressing the transgene. This accomplishment illustrates the possibility of engineering the production of taxoids and other GGPP‐derived isoprenoids in crop plants despite the constraints associated with limited knowledge with regard to regulation of GGPP availability. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


F OR many years sulfites have been used for food preservation. During World War II when troops were serving in tropical climates it became necessary to sulfurize dried fruit to a much higher extent than heretofore, and the question of possible toxic effects became important. Fitzhugh, Knudsen and Nelson2 studied the effect on rats of diets containing sulfites. They observed polyneuritis, focal myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, which they interpreted as being caused by a thiamine deficiency. The animals furthermore developed "spectacle eyes, " brown uteri, atrophy of various viscera, and changes in the kidneys and bones. The changes were complex and were discussed in some detail. During the course of these experiments, it was noticed that the incisor teeth, normally orange in color, gradually became white. This decoloration is itself of considerable interest, because it has been shown that it can be produced to a varying degree by several different experimental procedures. A further stimulus to the present investigation was the question whether the lack of pigmentation is accompanied by histologic changes of the incisor.


We demonstrate a simple continuous wave trigger scheme that can greatly enhance the stability of the continuous wave pumped supercontinuum generation.


In order to solve accuracy of Topic Maps of navigation and positioning in the software system at present,a navigation and positioning approach of Topic Maps is proposed based on ontology(NPTMO).Therefore,It implements navigation and positioning of resources from internality association and externality relation of Topic Maps.Firstly,ontology relation is defined and approach is computed.Secondly,matching and merging approach of Topic Maps is analyzed,and it is employed,who is tag relation of RDF,OWL-S,WSDL and XTM to build navigation and positioning model,on the base of these context above description.A semantics ant colony algorithm(SACA) is designed to compute optimum solution of the model,and SACA is compared with basic ant colony algorithm(ACA).It shows that the result of SACA is better than ACA.Finally,recall rate of ontology,accuracy of Topic Maps and efficiency of SACA are defined to evaluate the NPTMO.It shows that accuracy of Topic Maps link resources is greatly increased.


Dr. Granville MacGowan, Los Angeles, discussing: I did not hear Dr. Moore's paper and I do not know whether he dealt with the appearance of the mouths of the ureters in cases of tuberculosis of the kidneys. I think it is almost unquestionable in males that tuberculosis of the bladder will be secondary to tuberculosis of the kidney. There do from time to time occur primary cases of tuberculosis of the bladder, but in the male the majority of cases of infection will come through the seminal vesicles and perhaps ascend to the kidney, or, more frequently, the infection will descend from the kidney. When you take the bladder of a person who is complaining of frequent micturition, with little or no pus in the urine, and who has no gonorrheal infection of the urethra or prostate or seminal vesicles, and when upon examination you do not find nodules in the prostate or the vesicles and you use the cystoscope and find no ulcerative process, but around the mouth of one or other of the ureters you find a peculiar congestion of the smaller blood vessels, and microscopic telangiectasis as if paprika had been blown with great force into the mucous membrane, it gives you a key to the presence of a tuberculous infection in the corresponding kidney. Presumably even when the tuberculous process is in the cortex of the kidney, and none may be found within the calyx at all or in the tubular region, you will have the symptoms of dysuria, and almost invariably the condition about the ureter of the lame kidney will be found the irritative one which I have just described. I have seen this condition sufficiently often where subsequently the case proved to be tuberculosis of the kidney, and the undoubted presence of tubercle bacilli in the urine taken from that ureter could be demonstrated by the microscope and by injection into guinea pig to place stress upon it as a diagnostic point. With regard to the question of removal of the ureters-that is beautiful theoretically. Oftentimes it is impossible to carry it out, however. During the past year I have had three cases of renal tuberculosis confined to one side with enormous kidneys which occupied all of their side of the abdomen and projected beyond the navel; the adhesions were great and the abscesses multiple. In one case the kidney had to be removed on the inside of its capsule. Where conditions of that kind exist, the ureter will ofttimes still be patulous, its inflammatory condition will make it as large as two fingers; it will be bound down by adhesions to everything about it, and the removal of such a kidney can only be done safely by deliberately opening the abdomen and walling off the intestinal tract, and if you attempt to remove the ureter at the same time you are up against an extremely serious surgical operation which may prevent recovery of the individual.


There are several types of learners: kinesthetic, auditory, visual and intellectual. In order to successfully convey concepts and information to these learners, it is important to consider the training methods that will guarantee the highest retention. Lecturing may be good for the auditory learner, but what about the others? Visual learners benefit from graphs, pictures and charts, but what about the kinesthetic learner who needs a hands-on experience?Most trainers create an outline of information that they want their participants to know. Next, they display the information as a power point presentation so that it looks pretty, but they still use lecturing as their teaching method. If we were to produce training workshops based on active training models, not only would the sessions be engaging and fun, but they would also have a much higher retention rate. Have you ever considered creating a board game or using a field trip to teach important concepts? How about creating a human network to teach networking concepts.At Grinnell College, we are in the process of redesigning our current student staff workshops in order to make them more active and engaging. The workshops that have been successfully redesigned have produced a higher return on our investment and have received positive reviews from the students. The student staff seems to stay engaged and learn more successfully when they are having fun.


OF PROCEEDINGS The Tenth Annual Conference of the Canadian Association of Medical Students and Interns was held at McGill University, Montreal, on November 14 to 17, 1946. The National Committee was composed of two delegates from each of the following schools: Alberta, Dalhousie, Manitoba, McGill, Queen's, Toronto, and Western. Observers were present from the Universities of Montreal and Laval, both temporarily inactive members; from Ottawa University; a representative from the Intern group in Kingston, and from the newly formed Montreal Intern Council. The CAMSI National Executive sat on the National Committee, but with no voting power. The chairman of the conference was Robert W. Black, National President. Among the more interesting resolutions and discussions were those concerning: (1) Medical citizenship; (2) Affiliation with the Canadian Medical Association; (3) Intern problems; (4) Medical films; and (5) Grants. Medical citizenship.-The paper on this subject appears in this issue of the Journal. The topic is considered to be of primary importance by the outgoing National Executive, and is the foundation upon which CAMSI policy is built. The ensuing discussion by the delegates indicated a national agreement that medical citizenship should be our main pursuit. Accordingly, resolutions were passed that CAMSI investigate fully all possibilities of exchange graduate intern rotations between English and Fxench schools as well as the possibility of interchange of student summer interns between French and English schools. It was also resolved that CAMSI sponsor the idea ofa, cnMplsory seminar and lecture course, with medical and lay teachers, on health planning, and a non-compulsory discussion and lecture course on the sociological problems of medical practice and the problems of the medical practitioner. All possible avenues will be explored in order to put these resolutions into effect as soon as possible. Affiliation between CAMSI and the CM4.Since the Ninth CAMSI Conference in November, 1945, the National Executive had been investigating the possibility of this affiliation. Mr. Black, National President, and Miss Honor M. Kidd, past Editor-in-Chief of the CAMSI Journal, were invited to attend the General Council meetings at the annual meeting of the Association at Banff in June, 1946. These two CAMSI delegates were given a most cordial -reception, and the meeting resulted in the CMA 's invitation to CAMSI to affiliate. By 81 SPECIAL ARTICLE: MEDICAL CITIZENSHIP rCanad. M. A. J. [Jan. 1947. vol.56 such affiliation CAMSI could seat two representatives on the General Council of the CMA with full voting power. A full report of the investigation and results was presented by Mr. Black at the CAMSI conference, where it was resolved unanimously that the CAMSI shall be an affiliate of the CMA and shall send two representatives selected by, and preferably from, the National Executive to the General Council of the CMA. The CAMSI. Constitution was amended to include a delegate from the General Council of the CMA on the CAMSI National Executive Committee, with full voting power. This affiliation should prove highly successful and'beneficial to both parties. The purpose of any national organization is to sift all-pQints of view in order that common problems may be solved in the best possible manner for the benefit of all concerned. This step toward a closer liaison between the respective bodies should provide a broader view-point for both and will certainly provide greater rapport. Intern Problems,-As might well be imagined, this subject caused a lively discussion. The Secretary read a brief "historical" survey of reports on "Intern Problems" made at each CAMSI conference since the organization's inception. Each delegation was then asked for the majority opinion of the schools on the question of remuneration for interns. The consensus was in favour of some form of remuneration or "honorarium" in order that a larger number of students could receive postgraduate medical training. The greatest part of the discussion was spent in a definition of terms, confusion arising from the fact that there is no standard length of curriculum among the mnedical schools. The intern year was defined as a year involving the care of patients on a hospital ward, under supervision of senior practitioners. It may be undergraduate or postgraduate. The line, of division between the undergraduate and the postgraduate was considered to be the license to practice. Unless a man has earned his license he is not, in the eyes of the law or the medical profession, considered capable of practising medicine without guidance; he is, therefore, still in the period of training. Thus, the undergraduate, or un-licensed intern, still under the control of the university, has no legal right to request payment for services rendered, but he is entitled to the best of staff and teaching facilities, and to adequate living conditions. The postgraduate, or licensed intern, in most cases needs financial assistance for his postgraduate medical training, especially now when so many years are required for the specialties. Two problems exist, therefore: that of (a) the licensed intern, a man entitled by law to request some form of financial remuneration; and (b) the unlicensed'intern, or under-graduate, a man entitled to the best of educational facilities but without legal right to request payment. In both cases, the solution to the problem is extremely difficult at present;accordingly, they were discussed separately. At length, it was resolved that CAMSI go on record as supporting financial assistance for postgraduate medical 'training. Suggestions were submitted for consideration which included the possibilities of; (1) intern fees charged on every hospital bill; (2) direct Dominion-Provincial grants to the hospitals; (3) extension of insurance schemes, such as the Blue Cross; and (4) enrollment of 1,000 interns in Canada's standing army. Since it is clear that hospitals cannot afford to support this idea, it was further resolved that CAMSI opposes any attempt to force hospital boards to pay intern staffs, and that the National Executive of CAMSI pay particular attention to, and attempt to secure, Dominion and/or Provincial grants, scholarships and loans for postgraduate medical training. The undergraduate problem is oXie more directly concerned with that of medical education as a whole, and certainly of equal importance, though the possibility of solution is more difficult. It was suggested, however, that a committee be set up to study further the conditions and situation at hand, with special emphasis on the availability of financial aid now existing for undergraduate interns. Finally, it was resolved that: "Whereas we realize that the question of financial assistance for postgraduate medical education is fundamentally one of the high cost of medical education as a whole; and whereas, therefore, we feel that all bodies concerned in the teaching and practice of medicine should be represented on a committee, we hereby move that (1) a committee be formed to investigate ways and means of providing financial assistance to interns, and (2) that this committee be formed of the National Executive of CAMSI and representatives from the CMA and the Canadian Hospitals Council and such other persons as the National Executive of CAMSI may deem to be of assistance to the committee, and (3) that this committee be empowered to set forth any recommendations for such action as they deem advisable." It cannot be over-emphasized that there are two definite problems to be considered. The National Committee has recognized this fact, and the CAMSI will attempt to deal with the situation accordingly. Medical films.-The many advantages of a comprehensive plan of visual education have long been recognized in every teaching field. The integration of films in the medical curriculum has started in many of the schools, but the students have expressed a desire for more of these films to be incorporated in their studies. The National Film Boarc has compiled an excellent library from which these films can be drawn, and'a substantial discount 82 Canad. M. A. J. CLINICAL AND LABORATORY NOTES 83 Jan.1947,vol.56i has been made available to CAMSI in the rental fees. Therefore, the National Executive has been empowered to make arrangements through the National Film Board to obtain medical films to be shown before the respective medical undergraduate societies, and the total rental charges for these will be borne by the CAMSI Treasury up to $315 per year. It is honed that CAMSI and the medical faculties can thus work together to provide a curriculum enriched by the benefits of greater visual reinforcement. Grants.-One of the more progressive resolutions made at this conference was that the National Executive shall appoint a committee to investigate endowment plans, and shall draft a CAMSI plan with a view toward establishing a CAMSI scholarship on every medical campus.


In this paper, novel definitions of Phase and Gain Margins are introduced for a class of Discrete Nonlinear Time – Invariant Lur'e Systems. Also, Describing Function – Harmonic Balance technique and Tsypkin Criterion based algorithms are proposed for calculating practical Phase and Gain margins in such systems. The efficacy of the proposed algorithms is illustrated in a tutorial example.


Styrax japonicus is a small ornamental tree with medicinal values, although its flowering period is short. To date, information about the morphological and physiological characteristics of the petals during the flowering period is limited. In this study, we observed the structure of the petals at the full flowering stage with a scanning electron microscope and detected the contents of nutrients, minerals, and endogenous hormones and the activities of enzymes at different flowering stages. The results showed that the content of soluble sugar exhibited an 'increase-decrease' trend, whereas the contents of soluble protein, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and abscisic acid (ABA) showed a 'decrease-increase' pattern. The content of starch descended continuously, but the contents of potassium (K), gibberellic acid (GA3), indoleacetic acid (IAA), and malondialdehyde (MDA) ascended continuously. The activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) first rose and then declined during the flowering period. Higher contents of soluble sugar, N, K, and IAA promoted S. japonicus flowering; meanwhile, lower contents of starch, soluble protein, P, and GA3 in addition to the lower activity of SOD might be some of the causes of the short flowering period. This work will serve as the foundation for a scientific technique to utilize the flowers and extend the flowering period in S. japonicus.


Aim To determine the efficacy of a sustained slow release drug dar of praziquantel in control of Echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs in the field of endemic areas of cystic echinococcosis Methods subcutaneously planting of the slow release drug bar to dogs with dosage of 1 6g~2 5g/dog of praziquantel The coproantigen in dog feces were detected before and after plantation and the arecoline purgation was taken after planting to assessing the control efficacy of the drug bar in field experiments Results The coproantigen positive rate decreased markedly in planted dogs with the slow release drug bar No Ⅰ,and infection rate of adult worm in planted dogs decreased over five folds than in dogs of control group The E granulosus infection has been controlled completely in dogs planted with the drug dar No Ⅱ,Conclusion The sustained slow release drug bar No.Ⅱ.could be used as the main measurement for cystic echinococcosis control in endemic areas


more than 800,000 people in Australia.1 The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study showed that 7% of adults have a known diagnosis of diabetes and up to an additional 7% have undiagnosed diabetes.2 Cardiovascular disease is the most common complication affecting patients with type 2 diabetes and is responsible for death in more than 30% of people.3 Cardiovascular disease is defined as all diseases of the heart and blood vessels including coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease and heart failure, and is the leading cause of death in women, responsible for the death of almost 24,000 women in Australia per year.3 Diabetes and CVD risk in women Optimising outcomes


This Note advocates for greater reliance on court-appointed business appraisers in divorce proceedings. After exploring the history of court-appointed experts in American jurisprudence and addressing the specific problems that arise when valuing a business, this Note demonstrates how neutral business appraisers can assist courts in assessing a highly technical matter while simultaneously providing both courts and parties with an accurate, reliable source of information. The Note further provides suggestions for when the appointment of a neutral appraiser may be beneficial. The second section of this Note addresses technical matters that the court must deal with in selecting a reliable expert, including where the court derives its power to appoint a neutral expert, what standards the court should use in appointing the expert, and who should pay the cost of the expert's appointment.


This paper is intended as a follow‐up to Marshall Sahlins's "The Sadness of Sweetness: The Native Anthropology of Western Cosmology" (1996). It isolates one field of practical action—marketing and consumer behavior—to explore the ways in which the implicit theory of needs that Sahlins elucidates is embedded in marketplace behavior, broadly defined, in the United States. Supported by an ethnographic illustration, it hypothesizes the process whereby professional marketers and consumers, via their practical disposition toward each other in the mutually constituted sociocultural field of the "market," help perpetuate the Western cosmological duality of suffering and salvation. A critique of three writers on the subject of marketing and consumer behavior, Lefebvre, Baudrillard, and Bourdieu, forms the basis for a theory of cultural construction of the market and of consumer identities within it.


Language is the vehicle of culture and contains rich cultural connotation.The lexical vacancy in English and Chinese language is caused by: first,different philosophy and value;second,different historical and religious culture;third,different social custom;fourth,different cognition of the world;fifth,national culture features.The research on the lexical vacancy can solve the language barriers and problems caused by lexical vacancy and promote the communication of international culture.


A two-dimensional statistical model is proposed for the characterization of textural pattern, and a technique is introduced for textural pattern recognition by computer. The model building involves two major steps. The first step is the determination of a preliminary model from textural data. In the second step, the model is refined via parameter optimization. The refined model is used to characterize a pattern class. The measured data from an unclassified textural pattern and the estimated data from the models are used to determine similarity measures and variances which provide the key to textural pattern recognition by computer.


Voice morphing is a powerful tool for exploratory research and various applications. A temporally variable multi-aspect morphing is extended to enable morphing of arbitrarily many voices in a single step procedure. The proposed method is implemented based on interference-free representations of periodic signals and found to yield highly-naturally sounding manipulated voices which are useful for investigating human perception of voice. The formulation of the proposed method is general enough to be applicable to other representations and easily modified depending on application needs.


The Party schools at the basic level party as the political school which educating members and cadres should give full play under the new form,training with the scientific development view and then serve the socialist modernization program.Should carry out " two basic ";insist " two based on one ",seek " three development ".To strengthen the self-development capacity of Party school at the basic level.


Resistivity measurements were carried out in order to identify preferential seepage paths in a small dam in central Sweden. Increased seepage flow had been observed at high reservoir levels. Repeated resistivity measurements were performed along the dam crest during 24 hours controlled rising of the reservoir. Each measurement data set was compared to the original reference data set using time-lapse inversion. Zones with gradually decreasing resistivity were identified inside the dam at the depth corresponding to the changed reservoir level. The zones were interpreted as preferential seepage paths. During a possible future repair of the dam this interpretation may be evaluated.


The prediction of a stock price has always been a challenging issue, as its volatility can be affected by many factors such as national policies, company financial reports, industry performance, and investor sentiment etc.. In this paper, we present a prediction model based on deep CNN and the candle charts, the continuous time stock information is processed. According to different information richness, prediction time interval and classification method, the original data is divided into multiple categories as the training set of CNN. In addition, the convolutional neural network is used to predict the stock market and analyze the difference in accuracy under different classification methods.
The results show that the method has the best performance when the forecast time interval is 20 days. Moreover, the Moving Average Convergence Divergence and three kinds of moving average are added as input. This method can accurately predict the stock trend of the US NDAQ exchange for 92.2%. Meanwhile, this article distinguishes three conventional classification methods to provide guidance for future research.


Abstract only. Full-text article is provided by the publisher at http://journals.cluteonline.com/index.php/JABR/article/view/6354/6432. Published in Journal of Applied Business Research, 5(2), 4-10.


Experimental investigations were conducted to quantify the volatilization dynamics of blowing agent loss and to examine innovative means to maintain safe worker conditions while simultaneously recovering the auxiliary blowing agent. Methylene chloride-blown polyurethane foams with representative formulations were prepared to determine overall weight loss, auxiliary blowing agent weight loss and foam temperature profiles versus time. Approximately 60 percent of the methylene chloride is lost within the first ten minutes of the process; the residual 40 percent is lost slowly by diffusion over 24 hours. Based on the collected data, a model was developed which predicts tunnel concentrations of methylene chloride as a function of formulation, tunnel length, conveyor speed and air flow. Retrofit of a foam line to isolate the tunnel and drastically reduce exhaust flows will eliminate worker exposure to isocyanates and significantly increase tunnel concentrations of the auxiliary blowing agent. This increase in a...


Response of three sugarcane cultivars namely BL-4, SPSG-26 and SPSG-394 to NPK levels of 0-0-0, 200-0-0, 200-150-150 and 200-200-200 kg was studied under field conditions. Variety SPSG-394 gave the highest cane yield of 107.67 tons haG compared to 88.85 and 58.53 tons haG for the varieties BL-4 and SPSG-26, respectively. An increase of 16.27 and 26.13 tons haG over control was recorded with the application of 200 kg N haG alone and 200-150-150 kg NPK haG, respectively, Sucrose contents and commercial cane sugar were not affected significantly by fertilizer application. However, variety SPSG-26 gave significantly higher sucrose contents (18.82%) and commercial cane sugar (12.89%) than SPSG-394 and BL-4. The fertilizer application at 200-150-150 kg NPK haG was found to be optimum level for achieving maximum cane yield.


A device for measuring the biomechanical properties of soft tissue via palpation was developed. The device, which is worn by a medical professional, incorporates sensors that collect data on the position of the users' hand in three-dimensional space as well as the force that the user applies to the tissue. The depth of palpation, the force used to achieve that depth, and the thickness of the tissue obtained from a computed tomography scan of the abdomen were used to calculate the stiffness properties of each individual layer of tissue. Some experimental data obtained by curve fitting force-displacement curves are presented. The data obtained from this experiment illustrates the potential of this device to be used for accurate measurement of soft tissue properties.


EDITORS, We read with interest the recent study by Ford et al. The paper was wonderful. However, the method of meta‐analysis used by the authors was not very rigorous. First, the search strategy was not standardised. Free words should be concatenated with "OR" and there should be an "AND" connection between medical subject heading (MeSH) and free text terms. The authors' claims that these were combined using the set operator AND with studies identified with the terms is not rigorous. For instance, the correct form of the search strategy should be like this: (insulin [MeSH Terms] OR insulin [Text Word] OR NPH [Text word] OR glargine [Text word] OR detemir [Text word] OR degludec [Text word]) AND (glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonist [Text Word] OR exenatide [Text word] OR liraglutide [Text word] OR lixisenatide [Text word] OR dulaglutide [Text word] OR albiglutide [Text word] OR semaglutide [Text word] OR taspoglutide (Text word])). Second, the authors stated that risk of bias was assessed as described in the Cochrane handbook but they did not present the results of the evaluation in the paper. Typically, a figure is


competitive advantage, the semiconductor manufacturing companies have to expand the capacity in the existed fab or build up new fabs. Normally, there are two characteristics of new fab: more advanced technology and larger scale than existed fab. Moreover, there will have several production phases associated with automatic material handling system in a fab and it is called as a giga-fab. As everyone knows, there are many benefits of giga-fab, such as lower cost, shorter cycle time and more flexibilities…,etc. Accordingly, the production scale of giga-fab is larger than before so as to get more benefits. Nevertheless, the optimal scale of giga-fab is still an issue in this decade. In this work, a model to determine the scale of a giga-fab is proposed. Production performance is the major factor to determine the scale of fab in this model. Based on the results of previous simulation experiments, they revealed that the fab scale will only improve the production cycle time significantly. Therefore, the GI/G/m queuing model is applied to build up the queue time equations of bottleneck machine. In order to find out the numbers of bottleneck machine under the minimum queue time, the differentiation is used on its expected waiting time equation. Accordingly to the calculation result, the best numbers of bottleneck machines can be decided. That means the optimal fab scale under minimum cycle time is also determined.


There has existed the dispute between "combination of nature and human" and "separation of nature and human" on the central spirit of Chinese culture. In fact, "combination of nature and human" or "separation of nature and human" is just the one of the two aspects which make up the central spirit of Chinese culture. This paper holds that both "combination of nature and human" and "separation of nature and human" are completely and typically reflected in Shijing. Embodiment of the former is the original everyday nature of all the human being, in which the Chinese scientific spirit of exploring nature and understanding nature stands out. On the other hand, the embodiment of the latter embodies the nature of plain people and the artistic expression forms of Shijing such asnarration , figurativeness and association, The nature of plain people and the artistic expression forms display Chinese ethical value and humanistic spirit of affinity for nature and return to nature.


Yield and Yield Components of Onion (Allium cepa var. cepa) Cultivars as Influenced by Population Density at Bir Sheleko, North-Western Ethiopia Tegbew Walle *, Nigussie Dechassa, Kebede W/Tsadik 3 Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources , Debre Markos University, P.O.Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia 2 School of Plant Science, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia 3 School of Plant Science, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia *Corresponding author: email@example.com


Lattice gauge theory is a valuable tool for understanding how properties of the nu-cleon arise from the fundamental interactions of QCD. Numerical computations on the lattice can be used not only for first principles calculations of experimentally accessible quantities, but also for calculations of quantities that are not (yet) known from experiment. This thesis presents two lattice studies of the quark substructure of nucleons. The first study used overlaps calculated on the lattice to evaluate the goodness of trial nucleon sources. A variational study was performed to find the trial source that best approximated the true nucleon ground state. In this exploratory work with relatively simple trial sources on quenched lattices, we obtained overlaps as high as 80%. The second study was performed using domain wall valence fermions on Asqtad improved staggered lattices provided by the MILC collaboration, with pion masses as low as 290 MeV. We compute nucleon matrix elements of local quark operators: (F', S'l@P(0) F{Il D t1 2 ... i D 0 (0)|P, S), where F" E {y",-y"-y,-io*}. These operators are parameterized by generalized form factors, which in the infinite momentum frame can be unambiguously interpreted in terms of Fourier transforms of the transverse spatial distributions of quarks in a nucleon. By calculating the local operators at many different values of nucleon momentum, we extract a complete set of generalized form factors for the lowest two moments of the vector, axial and tensor operators. From the form factors, we compute a variety of quantities characterizing the internal structure of the nucleon. Finally, we explore chiral extrapolations of the lattice results to the physical pion mass. Acknowledgments I owe an enormous debt of gratitude to many people-far too many to name here. Certain names, though, must be mentioned. I would like to thank the following people:-John Negele, my thesis adviser, for applying pressure when and where it was needed-Philipp Hdgler, for patiently answering my questions as I tracked down all my mistakes-Massimiliano Procura, for helping me make some sense of chiral perturbation theory-Michael Engelhardt, for overseeing most of the production on the unchopped lattices-Andrew Pochinsky and Sergey Syritsyn, for developing the AFF data storage format Thanks! Many other people contributed to my time at MIT in non-academic ways. I will especially miss all my dear friends from GCF, both past and present. Thank you for helping me survive the past six years. Libby, my wife, deserves particular mention. …


All immune cells are affected by aging, a fact contributes to the high susceptibility to infections and increased morbidity and mortality observed in the elderly. Nonisolated granulocytes were tested for their phagocytic activity in whole blood in vitro to mirror the in vivo stimulation of granulocytes and the effect of age progress on their phagocytic activity. Blood samples were obtained from( 420) healthy adult men with different age groups from (16 _ 60) year. These samples were prepared for chemiluminescence (CL) measurements. Luminol was used to increase the amount of measurable light emitted due to liberation of oxygen metabolites during phagocytosis. Chemiluminescence was continuously recorded on a chart recorder, and all the measurements were estimated in mm peak height and related to the same number of cells i.e. (100 cell) , for the purpose of the comparison between age groups. In this study a significant difference was demonstrated (P< 0.05) between leukocytes phagocytic activity with different age groups. N.K. Ibraheem In vitro Agedependent. 2 Introduction Polymorphnuclear leukocytes(granulocytes) are the most predominant cellular component of the innate immune system in human being and produce an array of potent cytotoxic molecules(Kawai and Akira 2006) They exhibit phagocytosis, which is an essential function of immune system (Kristina et al.. 2001). Actively phagocytizing granulocytes emit light or chemiluminescence (CL) which has been shown to be linked to the oxidative activity of the phagocytizing polymorphonuclear leukocytes(Lee 2008). The production of reactive oxygen metabolites by granulocytes plays a key role in a host defense against invading microorganisms and foreign bodies(Gallin et al.. 1992). The ability of granulocytes to kill bacterial organisms by the process of phagocytosis respiratory burst is related, in part, to their capacity to generate several reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Gill 1996). These (ROS) include: super oxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyradical and singlet oxygen(Bagchi and Puri 1998). The term respiretory burst refers to a coordinated series of metabolic events that take place, when phagocytes are exposed to appropriate stimuli(Bellavite 1988). This group of events underlies all oxygendependent killing by phagocytes and the sharp increase in oxygen uptake occuring upon stimulition(Dahlgren 1996). The potent (ROS) generated by phagocytes are capable of oxidizing luminol (chemiluminescence's indicator), and chemiluminescence light bursts are produced(Dahlgren 1993). This technique of luminolamplified chemiluminescence is a sensitive sys-tem, permitting the use of less than 10 4 phagocytes per assay(AlHashimi and Mohammed 1997). Luminol can react with the ( ROS) generated during phagocytosis to produce an excited intermediate state that emits light upon returning to the ground state(Eggeret et al..-1997). Luminolamplified chemiluminescence actBasrah Journal of Science(B) Vol. 32(1),1-10, 2014 3 iveity can be simplified by a formula: Luminol + ROS peroxide catalyst N2+amino-phthalate ion +light(Cheson et al.. 1976). y: Aim of stud The aim of this work is to study CL of whole blood stimulated by bar-ium sulfate crystals (BaSO4) to evaluate the in vitro activity of gran-ulocytes and their correlations with human age. Materials and Methods: Preparation of blood samples: Venous blood samples(0.8ml) each were obtained from( 420) apparently healthy men (who were disease free at the time of doing the experiment), aged between (16-60) years. Each sample was mixed with (0.2ml) of (3.2%) sodium citrate (Nacitrate, FLUKA) as anticoagulant in a measuring vial, and then kept at 37C o until the start of the assay( usually CL was measured within 1hr.). Total leukocyte count was done for all blood samples and mean number was calculated and recorded as( 8000 cell/ml) of blood, so( 100 cells) are included within (0.012ml) of whole blood counted by a haemocytometer (M× 200/9)(Follin 1992). Luminol solution was prepared by dissolving 1.13 x 10 -2 M of luminol ( 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalaziuedione ) (Sigma chemical Co.) in 2ml of 0.2M NaOH ( Riadel DeHaen), this stock solution was diluted up to( 100ml) with deionized water and kept prior to use.In order to activate the leukocytes within the whole blood to burst, a medium of the following compositions (mM) was used ( CL inducer) : ( 165mM) N.K. Ibraheem In vitro Agedependent. 4 sodium chloride, (15mM) Tris hydrochloric acid,( 2.25mM) BaSO4 (Barium sulfate) (PH=8). BaSO4 in this medium was in a suspended form(Inga et al. 2110). The age group from (16-20) years was considered as a control (c) to compare between different age groups (t1, t2,...). Chemiluminescence Measurement: The reaction mixture consisted of (2mls) CL inducer, (0.2ml) NaOH and( 0.2ml) luminol in a( 5ml) beaker. To this mixture( 0.012ml ) whole blood containing( 100) leukocytes added and agitated to mix well before it was poured into the measuring cuvette of an ultrahighsensitive photon counting system (Fulop et al. 2009) . The temperature was kept at 37C o during the coun-ting. CL was continuously recorded on a chart recorder, until the CL peaked and demonstrated a definite decline. The results of CL in the peak height curve were estimated. All the measurements were estima-ted in( mm )peak height and related to the same number of cells i.e. (100 cell) for the purpose of the comp-arison between age groups(Essellier et al. 1985). Statistical analysis: The results were analysed using (SPSS) statistical software version 10.A 2-taild probability value of (< 0.05) was considered to be statistically significant. Results of leukocytes functional activity were expressed as (mean±SD) ,and a comparison between control (c) and test(t) age groups using (t-test) was done. (P<0.05) was regarded as significant difference between age groups and leukocytes activity chemiluminescence(CL) peaks were shown in table(1) and fig.(1). Results: Table(1), shows mean values of chemiluminescence readings of differrent age groups. It is clear that mean chemiluminesce values decreased significantly between each two Basrah Journal of Science(B) Vol. 32(1),1-10, 2014 5 groups of ages , and it is decreased gradually as age increased (P<0.05). This means that older men ' s leukocytes have less phagocytic activity than those of younger men. This is clear also from the activity inhibition of leukocytes when the inhibition increased due to older age. Table ( 1): CL peak activity/ 100 cell Activity inhibition % SD Mean No. Age groups 0 3.555 9.0105.A 208 16-20 C -1.8023 4.0515 8.8481.B 76 21-30 T1 -5.6500 3.5295 8.5014.C 84 31-40 T2 -5.7854 3.378 8.4892.D 36 41-50 T3 -9.4478 3.489 8.1592.E 16 51-60 T4 3.5276 8.5372 420 Total * The difference is significant with (P< 0.05) (2-tailed). * Activity inhibition % =( (t-c)/c)×100. 13 Different capital letters between age groups means significant(P<0.05). * N.K. Ibraheem In vitro Agedependent. 6 7.6 7.8 8 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.8 9 9.2


7011 Background: Expression of the MN1 gene, which encodes a transcription co-activator implicated in myeloid leukemogenesis, has been shown to predict outcome in CN-AML patients (pts) in 1 study (Heuser et al. Blood 2006;108:3898). Here we present the first validation of the prognostic impact of MN1 expression in CN-AML in the context of not only mutated (mut) FLT3 and NPM1 and MLL-partial tandem duplication but also other established prognostic markers (i.e., CEBPAmut, WT1mut, ERG and BAALC expression levels). Methods: MN1 expression was measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR in pretreatment bone marrow samples from 119 de novo CN-AML adult pts <60 years with material available for MN1 expression analyses who were treated on CALGB protocols 9621 and 19808. MN1 copy numbers were measured and normalized to ABL (internal control) copy numbers. Pts were dichotomized at the MN1 median expression and analyzed for outcome. Results: At diagnosis, low MN1 expression was associated with NPM1mut (P<0.0001) and ...


An economic and reliable method for simultaneous determination of Gc, alpha-1-antitrypsin, acid erythrocyte phosphatase, and phosphoglucomutase by means of isoelectric focussing in ultrathin-layer gels is described. Man advantages are time- and costsaving without any unreliabilities in forensic application.


A novel electrochemical acidification process has been developed in a successful feasibility attempt to extract large quantities of CO2 in the form of bicarbonate and carbonate from seawater for potential use as a source of carbon for hydrocarbon production at sea. This indirect approach acidifies seawater by the electrolytic production of acid. Lowering seawater pH was found to be proportional to the applied current to the cell. Spontaneous degassing and recovery of CO2 below pH 4.5 was reduced from 92% in synthetic seawater to 30% in natural seawater. The effects of increased operational time, flow rate, current, and natural seawater's complex equilibrium buffer on process performance and CO2 recovery have been shown to be essential for further improvements in future cell design, efficiency, and scale-up.


Abstract The protection of late-succession forest habitats and continuous woodlands is the primary goal in Estonian forest nature conservation. Therefore ecological qualities of almost all forest stands in Estonian protected areas are described. Forest patches will be mapped and protected as Annex I forest habitats if they have enough structural and functional qualities. The member states of the European Union report in every six years about the conservation status of European Habitats Directive Annex I habitats. Changes in area as well as changes in habitat type's structure and functions are also declared. In the present paper the dynamics in tree species composition, stand age and larger diameter trees of monitored Annex I forest habitats is analyzed. The mean age of stands is older than the Estonian mean value, but it is only slightly higher than the cutting age of the corresponding tree species. The mean diameter of larger living trees is in general larger than dead wood, which is indicative of the forest succession and historical low-intensive forest management. Currently, conservation activities support natural succession in forests that formerly were managed economically. Therefore, changes in the composition of tree layer species are to be expected. The dominance of spruce and the abundance of broad-leaved trees are increasing in non-managed forest habitats. In contrast, the proportion of pine, birch and aspen decreases significantly. In general the number of tree species in habitat patches will increase; thereby the dominance of certain species will decline. According to the Estonian interpretation of the forest types in the Manual of the Habitats Directive, some stands with changed main tree species will need to be reclassified. Therefore the area of some forest habitat types may increase in the future. On contrary the area and functional quality of some other habitat types may decrease.


The parameters for reducing the threshold current density of InAs/InGaAsP/InP quantum-dot (QD) lasers suitable for high temperature operation are studied. The structures were grown using metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Increasing the number of QD layers leads to a substantial improvement of the optical confinement and a markedly reduced threshold per dot layer in broad area devices. A reduction of the spacer thickness between the QD layers was not found to significantly affect device characteristics. Depending upon the device length, an optimum number of QD layers was deduced. Based upon optimized QD stacks, buried-heterostructure lasers with a medium device length emitting at 1.5 μm were fabricated. Laterally single-mode devices show promising low threshold currents near 10 mA and good thermal stability with a characteristic temperature of 65 K up to 90 °C.


Janus nanoarchitectures, an emerging class of nanostructures, named after the Roman god with two faces, are a fascinating class of nanomaterials with promising applications in various areas, including catalysis, optical imaging, and so on. Although matter with structural and chemical homogeneity tends to display high stability owing to the low entropy, its heterogeneous counterpart is also attractive because of the high reactivity arising therefrom. To date, several bimetallic Janus nanocrystals have been fabricated; however, the atomic-level investigation of their structure−property correlations remains highly challenging due to two intrinsic characteristics: ununiform sizes and imprecise surface chemistry. In this issue of ACS Central Science, Shuang-Quan Zang and co-workers have structurally resolved Janus nanoarchitectures at the atomic level and mapped out their interfacial linkages and the synergistic effect. In this work, four Janus nanoclusters, including racemate Au8Cu4, R/S-Au8Cu4 enantiomers, and racemate Au3Cd1, costabilized by thiol and phosphine ligands, were controllably synthesized and structurally determined, serving as research templates to resolve fundamental issues of asymmetric bimetallic Janus nanocrystals. Structurally, these four alloy nanoclusters perfectly reflected the two-face characterization of Janus architectures (Figure 1a−e): the gold sides are stabilized by phosphine ligands (i.e., PPh3, BINAP, and DPPM), whereas the transition metal copper/ cadmium sides are anchored by thiol ligands (i.e., MNT). In addition, the six achiral PPh3 ligands in racemate Au8Cu4 could be substituted by diphosphine BINAP ligands, and the postmodified synthesized R/S-Au8Cu4 nanocluster enantiomers exhibited obvious chiroptical properties. By analyzing the density functional theory calculation results of the Au8Cu4 nanocluster, the authors demonstrated that the Au−Cu interaction may play a critical role in forming the Janus nanocluster, and the lattice adaptability from the protecting thiol/phosphine ligands induced asymmetric growth. In addition, the dipolar distribution of Au/Cu bicomponents in Au8Cu4 led to a maximum dipole moment up to 45 D (Figure 1f,g), which further drove the self-assembly of Au8Cu4 nanocluster molecules into one-dimensional nanowires (Figure 1h,i). Through the continuous accumulation of synthetic experience and advances in analytical methods, metal nanoclusters can now easily be tailored to desired composition and morphology. The concept of alloying has been extensively exploited in dictating the geometric/electronic structures


An approach to the interpretation of potential field anomaly data is to maximize or minimize some non-linear scalar property of solutions fitting the data. As an example, a comparison of 2-D and 3-D gravity ideal body results from the Lucero Uplift, a westward-tilted fault block located on the western flank of the Rio Grande rift, is discussed. The anomaly was analyzed to obtain bounds on the density contrast, depth of burial, and minimum thickness of its sources. Based on a synthesis of the gravity data with structural analysis and geomorphology, a shallow mafic intrusion is proposed to account for the positive gravity anomaly. 12 refs. (ACR)


The article examines the essence of corporate fraud with the identification of its inherent features; the classification of the subject of the study is given. Strengthening the financial position of an organization is often hindered by corporate fraud. The well-being of any organization primarily depends on the elimination of all threats that interfere with its normal functioning, including corporate fraud. Since many organizations meet with them, the topic of the study is relevant.


Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of antiretroviral therapy(ART) in AIDS patients,and to explore experience of ART in minority areas.Methods Clinical data and CD+4T cell counts were retrospectively analyzed among 506 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) patients who received ART from July 2005 to June 2011.Results All of the 506 AIDS patients enrolled were farmers of the Yi nationality,most of whom were males with low educational background and had drinking habits.The rate of positive HBsAg was 26.9% and the rate of positive anti-hepatitis C virus(HCV) was 20.8%.Mean values of CD+4 cell counts at baseline,in six and twelve months after treatment were 231cells/μL,324 cells/μL and 390cells/μL,respectively.The rates of immunological failure at the sixth and twelfth months were 21.9% and 25.6%,respectively.There was significant difference in adherence between treatment-success and treatment-failure groups.Adherence in immumy-success group was 96.0%,in immunity-failure group was 16.4%.The differences were statistical significant.Conclusion ART should be timely promoted in minority areas.Efforts should be made to improve adherence and reduce immunological failure.


The invention discloses a double-worm wheel precision transmission device which comprises a box body, a power input shaft and a power output shaft, and also comprises a worm and gear transmission pair, a worm and gear gap-adjusting pair and a gear transmission system. The worm and gear transmission pair comprises a worm wheel I and a worm I that are mutually meshed; the worm and gear gap-adjusting pair comprises a worm wheel II and a worm II that are mutually meshed; the meshed surface of the worm wheel I and the worm I and the meshed surface of the worm wheel II and the worm II have reverse directions; the worm wheel I and the worm wheel II have the same rotating direction and are arranged on the power output shaft in a parallel way; the worm I and the worm II are arranged in a parallel way; the power input shaft coordinates with the gear transmission shaft to input the power into the worm I and the worm II. The double-worm wheel precision transmission device of the invention can effectively improve the loading capacity and driving efficiency, has relatively high transmission precision, can effectively control the return difference, also called tooth clearance, can be applied in the fields of precision transmission and heavy-load power transmission, raises no special requirement for lead angle, transmitting ratio and the size of the worm wheel of the worm and gear pairs, has simple and contact structure and is quiet when operating.


Compared with the previous full-waveform data, the new generation of ICESat-2/ATLAS (Advanced Terrain Laser Altimeter System) has a larger footprint overlap density and a smaller footprint area. This study used ATLAS data to estimate forest aboveground biomass (AGB) in a high-altitude, ecologically fragile area. The paper used ATLAS data as the main information source and a typical mountainous area in Shangri-La, northwestern Yunnan Province, China, as the study area. Then, we combined biomass data from 54 ground samples to obtain the estimated AGB of 74,873 footprints using a hyperparametric optimized random forest (RF) model. The total AGB was estimated by combining the best variance function model in geostatistics with the slope that is the covariates. The results showed that among the 50 index parameters and three topographic variables extracted based on ATLAS, six variables showed a significant correlation with AGB. They were, in order, number of canopy photons, Landsat percentage canopy, canopy photon rate, slope, number of photons, and apparent surface reflectance. The optimized random forest model was used to estimate the AGB within the footprints. The model accuracy was the coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.93, the root mean square error (RMSE) = 10.13 t/hm2, and the population estimation accuracy was 83.3%. The optimized model has a good estimation effect and can be used for footprint AGB estimation. The spatial structure analysis of the variance function of footprint AGB showed that the spherical model had the largest fitting accuracy (R2 = 0.65, the residual sum of squares (RSS) = 2.65 × 10−4), the nugget (C0) was 0.21, and the spatial structure ratio was 94.0%. It showed that the AGB of footprints had strong spatial correlation and could be interpolated by kriging. Finally, the slope in the topographic variables was selected as the co-interpolation variable, and cokriging spatial interpolation was performed. Furthermore, a continuous map of AGB spatial distribution was obtained, and the total AGB was 6.07 × 107 t. The spatial distribution of AGB showed the same trend as the distribution of forest stock. The absolute accuracy of the estimation was 82.6%, using the statistical value of the forest resource planning and design survey as a reference. The ATLAS data can improve the accuracy of AGB estimation in mountain forests.


There are several reasons to believe that the level of cleanliness of a health facility adequately reflect the performance of service delivery actually received by the populace. This study extends Das Gupta et al (2004) analysis of health facility cleanliness by using the principal-agent theory and the accountability framework to assess the elements of accountability, such as voice and client power/compact; and how these impacts cleanliness of health care facilities in Nigeria. The study makes use of the available QSDS data of the World Bank in Nigeria in 2004 complemented by Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The results show that accountability elements affect positively the health service delivery in Nigeria. Specifically, client power explains the level of cleanliness of health facility in Kogi and Lagos states. In addition, we find that staff-skill motivates cleanliness in health facilities in the two states. Put together, the results imply that community participation in health facilities must be promoted in order to enhance cleanliness in health facilities in Nigeria.


require the additional inclusion of solvent for reliablyaddressing problems in liquid-phase chemistry. Methods thatinclude the solvent implicitly are especially powerful becausethey allow one to retain the minimal representation of thesolute, thereby facilitating progress with quantum mechanicalcalculations at the same high levels as those used in the gasphase,


In this paper, the ionospheric quiet‐time disturbances otherwise known as Pre‐Magnetic Storm Signatures (PMS) have been studied using the F2‐layer peak electron density (NmF2) data obtained from 12 Digisonde/ionosonde stations distributed across equatorial, low and mid‐latitudes. The datasets used spans the years 2010–2012. Results from this study reveals strong PMS in NmF2 with percentage deviations (ΔNmF2) ranging from −91% to 500% at the equatorial, low and mid‐latitudes, with maxima occurring at the equatorial region. Significant effects on the peak height of the F2‐layer (hmF2) were also observed, and they are correlated with the variations in NmF2 particularly at the equatorial station during the PMS. The duration of a PMS is found to be 12–48 h. Although, it was difficult to state clearly the connection between the PMS and the geomagnetic storm that usually follows within 24–48 h; but the NmF2 and hmF2 responses during the PMS were quite similar to those observed during geomagnetic storms. A slight increase in the Solar‐wind‐plasma speed (>20 km/s) was also observed during PMS. The PMS occur under a southward IMF‐Bz, moderate aurora activity (AE ranging from 114 to 560 nT) and quiet ring current (Dst >−10 nT). Therefore, it is pertinent to consider a certain threshold of the aurora indices (AE, AL, and AU) in addition to the Dst, ap, and Kp in the definition of a geomagnetically quiet day. This may eliminate the ambiguity in explaining the ionospheric variability that occurs few days before Sudden Storm Commencement (SSC).


Several methods for extracting food regions from food images use visual saliency to improve accuracy. The effectiveness of saliency detection methods for food extraction, however, has not been discussed sufficiently. Thus, the effectiveness of well-known saliency detection methods is compared thoroughly for the future development of highly accurate food-extraction methods. Ten saliency detection methods, which consisted of seven handcrafted feature-based approaches and three deep learning-based approaches, were tested by applying them to 240 food images. The results suggest that MSI, which uses only neural networks without the assumption that food regions tend to be found at the center of images, predicted food regions most accurately in terms of areas under a receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Additionally, GMR, which assumes that food regions tend not to be found around the four sides of an image, was also effective on the food extraction task. The AUCs of these methods were more than 4% larger than that of a center model that is frequently used as a baseline for saliency detection. Furthermore, this paper supports these results by comparing other methods and determining the properties of food images.


Prebisch "lives" in Asia because leading Asian governments still actively promote import substitution of high-tech parts and components. But they use promotional measures other than tariff protection to do so. Given performance standards, they have been highly successful. Now Latin America is behind Asian latecomers because it missed becoming a player in the information technology revolution. But Latin America can still learn from Asia rather than the Washington Consensus about how nationally owned enterprises can build mature high-tech industries in fields other than electronics. C E P A L R E V I E W 8 2 • A P R I L 2 0 0 4


We show explicitly how the T model, E model, and Hilltop inflations are obtained from the general scalar-tensor theory of gravity with arbitrary conformal factors in the strong coupling limit. We argue that $\xi$ attractors can give any observables $n_s$ and $r$ by this method. The existence of attractors imposes a challenge to distinguish different models.


The micropillar compression technique has shown the potential for activating the brittle-to-ductile transition in ceramic monocrystals when testing reduced volumes. In this work, the role of size is studied by comparing the mechanical response of polycrystalline tetragonal zirconia micropillars and macroscopic specimens under compression. In micropillars, the absence of the natural defect population typical of bulk zirconia increases considerably the strength, allowing the activation of plastic deformation mechanisms and their study, showing in this way that the brittle-to-ductile transition is not limited to ceramic monocrystals only. The main mechanism of plastic deformation is transformation-induced plasticity, which is shown to be size dependent. The deformation behavior is studied in detail by loading-unloading tests at constant and increasing peak stresses, while the microstructure evolution is revealed by FIB cross-sections, TEM and STEM observations performed on lamellas extracted from pillars retrieved before failure. Finally, a failure mechanism is proposed, based on the damage induced by phase transformation.


Pimpinella L. is a potential but little-known genus of medicinal plants of Apiaceae, represented by four species from the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh. Epidermal features such as stomata and trichomes were studied. For each species, the composition of stomatal types, nature of anticlinal walls of the epidermal cells, stomatal index and frequency, and trichome morphology along with distribution were determined. Haplocytic, diacytic, amphidiacytic, paracytic, transitional, anisocytic and anomocytic types have been revealed, while trichomes were confined to non-glandular ones multicellular, unbranched type. The present study establishes the taxonomic significance of the foliar epidermis.