The objective of this study was to show how gait was controlled on low friction surfaces in young subjects after they had had sufficient practice of walking under such conditions. Twenty healthy adults were examined using a force plate and a motion analysis system. Slip distance, gait speed and step length showed no significant difference between the normal and low friction floors. The peak of required coefficient of friction (RCOFpeak) on the low friction floor was significantly smaller than that on the normal friction floor (p<0.01), as was the distance between the forward-backward position of the center of mass (COMy) and that of the center of pressure (COPy) during the landing phase. The RCOFpeak showed a significant correlation with the distance from the COMy to the COPy. The peak moment of hip joint extension during the early landing phase on the low friction floor was significantly larger than that on the normal friction floor (p<0.01). These findings suggest that, on a low friction surface, the COMy during the landing phase is closer to the landing foot, and that this transition of COM reduces the RCOFpeak. It also suggests that this larger moment of hip joint extension on a low friction surface may assist in shifting COM ahead just after heel strike.


A method introduced by R. Osterberg for the measurement of free ligand concentration during the formation of metal complexes has recently been extended by Sarkar and Kruck to include measurement of free metal concentration. The method is based on suitable manipulation of the data from sets of pH titrations. This paper gives a new theoretical treatment of the method and its extension, and shows how the functions developed are related to other parameters of complex formation. A special advantage of Osterberg's method as extended is its capability of being applied when protonated or deprotonated complexes form.


The history of Fresnel's light-drag formula is reviewed and its impact on relativity theory is assessed. Fizeau's experimental results reported in 1851 not only demonstrated that light drag is a real effect, they also provided the first concrete indication that the speed of light in free space is independent of the state of motion of the source. This ultimately became one of the main justifications for Einstein's second postulate of relativity and his ether-free description of light propagation. However, it is a little known fact that Einstein's original work on relativity presented two distinct theories of time dilation. One is based on the Lorentz transformation (LT) and claims that a moving clock always runs slower than the observer's stationary clock (symmetric theory). The other version assumes instead that accelerated clocks always run slower than their identical counterparts which remain at rest in the original position (asymmetric theory). It is pointed out that there have been numerous confirmations of the asymmetric theory, such as by using the transverse Doppler effect or comparing elapsed times on atomic clocks in various states of motion. The LT is only valid for uniformly translating systems and is therefore contradicted by these results because of its prediction of exclusively symmetric outcomes. It is shown that a different Lorentz-type transformation, referred to as the ALT or GPS-LT, exists which is compatible with asymmetric time dilation, and therefore with all known experiments. A degree of freedom in the definition of the general Lorentz transformation allows this goal to be readily achieved, while still satisfying Einstein's light-speed postulate and the relativity principle (RP).


Dose-dependences of the chromosomal aberrations induction in B14-150 cells were studied for carbon ions (E ∼455 MeV/nucleon) with different values of the linear energy transfer (LET): 10-12 keV/μm (proximal region of the Bragg curve - plateau) and 25-27 keV/μm (tail of the Bragg curve). It is shown that the level of chromosome aberrations was higher for irradiation at tail of carbon beam. The dose relations were described by a modified linear-quadratic model and had a similar character in the studied dose range of 0.05-2.5 Gy. A sharp increase of the chromosome aberrations yield at the dose range up to 0.1 Gy (hyper-radiosensitivity, HRS), slowdown in it at the range of 0.1-0.3 Gy (induced radioresistance, IRR) and a further its' growth above 0.3 Gy were observed with a transformation to linear and linear-quadratic dependences. The results obtained agree with the known literature data and indicates the likeness of the biological effect of hyper-radiosensitivity and induced radioresistance (HRS/IRR) for different cell lines.


The present study was aimed to determine the length-weight relationship of fishes. The samples of fishes were collected from the catches of Shanghumugham and Valiyathura beaches during a period of one year from January to December 1991. The total length and weight of all the specimens were recorded to the nearest mm and mg respectively. The data were pooled and subjected to regression analysis, to determine the growth pattern of fishes. The length-weight relationship of Rastrelliger kanagurata revealed a linear relationship which can be represented as TW=3.2392 log TL-2.3777, the 'b' value of 3.2392. The linear relationships of Sardinella gibbosa revealed a regression equation of TW=1.47454 log TL-0.27006. Encrasicholina devisi also showed allometric growth rate, it has the 'b' value of 2.54733. The length-weight relationship of Nemipterus japonicas also reveals an allometric growth form. The 'b' value was found to be 1.56103. The linear relationship can be expressed as TW= 1.56103log TL-0.2365.


Stream processors, with the stream programming model, have demonstrated significant performance advantages in the domains signal processing, multimedia and graphics applications. In this paper we examine the applicability of a stream processor to 2-D Jacobi iteration which is widely used to solve partial differential equations, an important class of scientific programs. We first map 2-D Jacobi iteration in FORTRAN version to the stream processor in a straightforward way. In a stream processor system, the management of system resources is the programmers' responsibility. We then present several optimizations, which avail the stream program for 2-D Jacobi iteration, called StreamJacobi, of various aspects of the stream processor architecture. Finally, we analyze the performance of StreamJacobi, with different scales, and the presented optimizations. The final stream program StreamJacobi is from 2.31 to 6.42 times faster than the corresponding FORTRAN programs on a Xeon 5100 processor, with the optimizations playing an important role in realizing the performance improvement.


Catalytic activity such as conversion and selectivity on the phenol hydroxylation over TS-1 prepared by hydrothermal method and microwave heating method, respectively, was compared and discussed for understanding the dependence of solvent such as water, methanol, acetone, respectively, during phenol hydroxylation, with hydrogen peroxide. Basic physical properties such as XRD, EDS, SEM and adsorption/desorption were determined and compared. The relationship between catalytic activity and physical properties of TS-1 was explained.


An actuator device, a method and a system for limb rehabilitation, and a pneumatic actuator element. The actuator device for limb rehabilitation comprises one or more pneumatic actuator elements; and means for coupling the pneumatic actuator elements to the limb at or near one or more joints of the limb; wherein each pneumatic actuator element comprises: an expandable main body having a longitudinal axis; one or more channel networks formed in the main body such that, in an acquiescent state of the pneumatic actuator element, a projected length of each channel network along the longitudinal axis is shorter than a total channel length of said each channel network.


In an ongoing research project a new validation methodology for safety critical electronic control units will be developed. This validation methodology is based on model-based software development using commercially available CASE-tools and production-level automated code generators, which are widely accepted in the automotive domain today. Standards like OSEK/VDX are considered. A steer-by-wire demonstrator is under development.


We investigated the incidence of hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) virus infection among patients with liver disease in Qatar from 2000 to 2005. The grading and staging of HBV and HCV cases were obtained from pathology reports at the principal reference laboratory for Qatar. Of the 915 liver patients studied, 29.4% had HCV and 2.5% had HBV. The incidence of HBV and HCV infection was greater in non-Qataris than Qatari nationals and in males than females, especially for HCV. Most cases were uncomplicated (89.0%) and had no inflammation (76.4%). The incidence of HCV has been increasing in liver patients in recent years up to a rate of 481 per 1000 patients with liver disease in 2005.


We report on the design and performance of three split-block waveguide balanced frequency triplers working nominally at 600 GHz, 1200 GHz and 1800 GHz. The circuits utilize GaAs Schottky planar diodes. The 600 GHz tripler is fabricated with JPL substrateless technology that consists of removing the substrate in the center part of the circuit to decrease the dielectric load. At room temperature, it produces 0.8-1.6mW in the band 540-640 GHz when pumped with 22-25mW. The 1200 GHz and 1800 GHz triplers utilize JPL frameless membrane technology. At room temperature, the 1200 GHz tripler produces 25 μW in the band 1130-1260 GHz, while the 1800 GHz tripler produces 3 μW at 1246 GHz. The performance of the triplers improves dramatically upon cooling.


Knowing user's interest and recommending information what they need exactly is an important task in e-business websites.Author proposes a personalized information recommendation algorithm: basing on web logs,referring to the contents of web page and the time used in browsing pages.Following the principle of "one-session,single-target",this algorithm can get user's interest types of information and merchant scientifically by analyzing the web page which is classified by its feature contents.


With consideration of conductor-ground contact,conductor damping coefficient,bundle numbers and spacers,a continuous 7-span FE model of conductors and insulators was established. Under different load cases,the dynamic responses of the broken conductors were analyzed. The FE calculation results agreed well with the test ones,and the rationality of the FE model was verified. The unbalanced tensions of broken conductors with and without conductorground contact were almost same. When all the sub-conductors were not broken simultaneously,the unbalanced tensions calculated using the model with spacers were much lower than those using the model without spacers. For suspension towers in 20 mm and 30 mm icing areas,the tensions calculated using the static analysis method were a little lower than the low-limit values in the regulation. For other icing areas,the calculated values were higher than the low-limit values by about 10%. Four sub-conductors of the eight-bundle conductors were assumed broken in the dynamic analysis,the tensions of broken conductors are lower than the regulated values.


Background: Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is known as a good ancillary marker of acute kidney injury (AKI) and its expression has also been observed in acute rejection and chronic graft dysfunction. We tested usefulness of KIM-1 as an indicator of acute and chronic renal graft injury by correlating KIM-1 expression with renal graft function and histology. Methods: A total of 133 zero-time biopsies and 42 follow-up biopsies obtained within 1 year posttransplantation were selected. Renal tubular KIM-1 staining was graded semiquantitatively from 0 to 3 and the extent of staining was expressed as the ratio of KIM-1 positive/CD10 positive proximal tubules using Image J program. Results: KIM-1 was positive in 39.8% of zero-time biopsies. KIM-1 positive cases were predominantly male and had received grafts from donors with older age, deceased donors, and poor renal function at the time of donation, compared with KIM-1 negative cases. KIM-1 expression showed correlation with delayed graft function and acute tubular necrosis. In comparison of KIM-1 expression between stable grafts (n=23) and grafts with dysfunction (n=19) at the time of repeated biopsy, the intensity/extent of KIM-1 staining and renal histology at zero-time did not differ significantly between the two groups. Histologically, KIM-1 expression was significantly increased with both acute and chronic changes of glomeruli, tubules and interstitium, peritubular capillaritis, and arteriolar hyalinosis. Conclusions: KIM-1 can be used as an ancillary marker of AKI and a nonspecific indicator of acute inflammation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. However, KIM-1 expression at zero-time is not suitable for prediction of long-term graft dysfunction.


Localised soft tissue swelling as initial presentation in child acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is extremely rare. We first report one case presenting with clitoris swellings. She was done for an abdominal biopsy from the retroperitoneal mass suspicious of neuroblastoma. Follow-up, she was eventually diagnosed with precursor B cell ALL by bone marrow biopsy, with TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene and additional chromosomal aberrations. After chemotherapy, although the girl had transiently clinical remission, the bone marrow aspirate indicated a poor outcome. Thus, this highly localised presentation is unusual and would hopefully inform clinicians to have a high index of suspicion for ALL.


A belt-like base section (331) of a female member (33) of a fastener tape (3) is attached to the inner surface of a bag body. The belt-like base section (331) is provided facing a belt-like base section (321) of a male member (32). In the belt-like base section (331), the width of an area from the belt-like base section (321) toward the content side of the bag body is set large to form a seal base section (36). On the seal base section (36), there is a ridge-like section (35) in parallel with the longitudinal direction of an interlocking section (31), and the ridge-like section (35) has a wedge shape. The seal base section (36) is sealed to that inner surface of the bag body to which the seal base section (36) faces, and a seal section (4) is formed so as to be in contact with a content side end edge (35A) of the ridge-like section (35). The seal section (4) has a continuous corrugation shape, and triangle sections (4B) having vertices (opening side end sections (4A)) and linear sections (4C) are integrally formed.


Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-doped CaCO3 microparticles with an average diameter of 5 m were prepared and coated by chitosan and alginate multilayers. The prepared CaCO3 microparticles had a dominant phase of vaterite and a spherical morphology with nanopores on their surface. After LbL assembly of chitosan and alginate, the CaCO3 microparticles were significantly smoothened. Treatment of the multilayers-coated particles yielded hollow microcapsules. These particles could spontaneously load positively charged doxorubicin (DOX) molecules, whose amount was 475 and 482 mg DOX/g CaCO3 for the CaCO3(CMC) microparticles and the (chitosan/alginate)5 coated CaCO3(CMC) microparticles, respectively. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method was used to analyze the specific surface area and the pore size distribution of the CaCO (CMC) microparticles before and after DOX loading. After DOX loading, oxorubicin


CAMTOOL software provides graphical interface between Sun Microsystems workstation and Eikonix Model 1412 digitizing camera system. Camera scans and digitizes images, halftones, reflectives, transmissives, rigid or flexible flat material, or three-dimensional objects. Users digitize images and select from three destinations: work-station display screen, magnetic-tape drive, or hard disk. Written in C.


This Paper presents an analysis of an air gap inside the sandwich structure between mechanical supports and cavity plate of W-Band structure WBAND-000. Further more it contains a comparison for S11 and S12 measurements between analytical and numerical results. It is an attempt to understand anomalous high losses as seen in recent results of measurements and a flipping effect of S11 and S12 charts.


PurposeThe purpose of this research is to explore how to visually represent human decision-making processes during the performance of indoor building inspection flight operations using drones.Design/methodology/approachData from expert pilots were collected using a virtual reality drone flight simulator. The expert pilot data were studied to inform the development of an interactive 2D representation of drone flight spatial and temporal data – InDrone. Within the InDrone platform, expert pilot data were visually encoded to characterize key pilot behaviors in terms of pilots' approaches to view and difficulties encountered while detecting the inspection markers. The InDrone platform was evaluated using a user-center experimental methodology focusing on two metrics: (1) how novice pilots understood the flight approaches and difficulties contained within InDrone and (2) the perceived usability of the InDrone platform.FindingsThe results of the study indicated that novice pilots recognized inspection markers and difficult-to-inspect building areas in 63% (STD = 48%) and 75% (STD = 35%) of the time on average, respectively. Overall, the usability of InDrone presented high scores as demonstrated by the novice pilots during the flight pattern recognition tasks with a mean score of 77% (STD = 15%).Originality/valueThis research contributes to the definition of visual affordances that support the communication of human decision-making during drone indoor building inspection flight operations. The developed InDrone platform highlights the necessity of defining visual affordances to explore drone flight spatial and temporal data for indoor building inspections.


There are figures to the natural occurrence of saturated and unsaturated odd numbered fatty acids (C11 to C21) in food stuffs. Data from literature about the occurrence of these fatty acids in maritime animals, poultry, agricultural animals as well as in laboratory animals and men were presented.


The invention discloses a system for performing iron removal on an iron-containing solution. The system comprises a vertical reaction kettle and a horizontal reaction kettle, wherein the vertical reaction kettle comprises a vertical reaction kettle body, an iron-containing solution feeding port, a first steam inlet and a first oxygen inlet; the horizontal reaction kettle comprises a horizontal reaction kettle body, a first iron-removed slurry feeding port, a second steam inlet and a second oxygen inlet; the iron-containing solution is an iron-containing sulfate solution, preferably, the iron-containing solution is at least one selected from a ferrous sulfate solution, an iron-containing nickel sulfate solution, an iron-containing cobalt sulfate solution and an iron-containing copper sulfate solution. According to the system for iron removal of the iron-containing solution disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the vertical reaction kettle and the horizontal reaction kettle are combined for use so as to effectively solve the production interruption caused by the problems of scaling in the kettles in the iron removal process and ensure the continuous and stable operation of production, thereby significantly improving the iron removal efficiency and the equipment utilization rate.


LENS implants may be classified according to the position of the optical part (posterior chamber lens, anterior chamber lens, pupillary lens), the material used (acrylic, silicate glass, quartz, one-piece lens, two-material lens), and the method of fixation (Binkhorst, 1962a, b). As fixation is obtained by contact of the haptic part of the pseudophakos with the ocular tissues, the subsequent stability of the implant and the integrity of the ocular tissues depend on its design and function. Accounts of the work of surgeons mentioned below, with the exception of Brown and Fedorov, are given by Choyce (1964).


The Northwest Territories and Nunavut have been virtually unsurveyed for black flies since the completion of the Canadian "Arctic Insect Survey" (AIS) in the mid 1950s. While material collected by the AIS remains an important part of the Canadian National Collection of Insects, the sampling was haphazard and specimens are not suitable for modern analysis. For example, many nominal species of northern black flies belong to morphologically homogeneous species complexes and can be identified only through analyses of the larval polytene chromosomes. Given what is now known about sibling species in southern and northwestern North America (e.g. Adler 1986, Currie 1997), the 22 nominal species of black flies recorded from the Canadian Arctic east of the Mackenzie River (Danks 1981) is clearly underestimated.


We describe an experimental study of difficulty related distraction by conflicting goal intentions in learning and problem solving with hypertext. Log files are used to capture hypertext navigation in the face of opportunities to implement competing goal intentions. We study how task difficulty influences the volitional protection of the current goal intention. First attempts to integrate volitional action control processes into cognitive architectures are presented. The investigation of learning and problem solving with hypertext gains increasing importance as the use of computer-based learning environments and information retrieval systems develops. A main feature of hypertext is that the user does not react to static texts, but chooses according to his or her current intention when and in which order the information is to be presented (Barab, Bowdish, Young & Owen, 1996). Accordingly, Barab et al. (1996) have shown that users' intentions in interacting with hypertext can be predicted from navigational paths captured in log files (computerized records of screens visited that are stamped with the amount of time spent on each screen). The opportunity of navigating through hypertext environments according to one's own intentions allows for great flexibility and adaptivity of learning and problem solving, it is however also responsible for some difficulties. Users tend to be structurally or conceptually disoriented in complex hyperspaces and they seem to suffer from cognitive overload, if the navigational task consumes too much of their resources. In this paper we will focus on a further problem concerning navigating through hypertext environments , namely the problem of being distracted by conflicting goal intentions. We assume that learning and problem solving are to be analyzed as goal-directed behavior and furthermore that most learners possess numerous waiting goal intentions not related to the current task. These waiting intentions can be activated by situational cues in the hypertext environment and then compete with the current goal intention for execution. If the user is attracted by these cues, the current goal intention may be suspended in favor of activities related to the competing intention (serendipity-effect), or in favor of deliberating which of the two intentions should be further pursued. Distraction due to conflicting goal intentions should lead to efficiency impairments in learning and problem solving. If actions are considered as sequences of activities directed towards a common goal intention, the term "action control" can be introduced to describe automatic and controlled processes that determine which activity is selected in the …


Kang Hai is one of the major qu writers in the mid Ming. The newly discovered Pandong yuefu houlu kept in Taiwan is the sequel to Kang's song collection Pandong yuefu, and it includes a total of 185 xiaoling songs and 82 song suites. This doubles the number of Kang Hai's sanqu songs hitherto known in current scholarship, and also adds significantly to the sources for the study of Ming sanqu songs. This article provides a collation and annotation of the full text of Houlu, with the aim of enhancing wider circulation of the source and further development in the study of Kang Hai.


regression of decoration and illustration. It is brought home how far illustration to many early books was based closely on Chinese models, never particularly inspiring since in China only minor artists, with rare exceptions, were employed in making drawings for reproduction. Where artists followed native styles, as in the famous he Monogatari of 1608 for example, only a rather tame or debilitated Tosa stereotype evolved, to dominate book-illustration until the more forceful Ukiyo-e artists of the second half of the seventeenth century, culminating in the great Hishikawa Moronobu, brought a fresh approach. The bias of the illustrations to Gardner's text tilts perhaps understandably towards textual printing techniques, and it hardly came within his purview to provide a critique of artistry in book illustration in the pre-1700 period. As in all modern catalogues of Japanese books, there is much concern with what data should be provided, and in what order. Great attention has been paid to the provision of kanji (Japanese characters) wherever called for, and there is ample provision of indices and an extensive glossary of the often mysterious language of bibliography. All in all, this is an admirable and welcome revelation of the early Japanese treasures in book form in the British Library and an essential hand-book to all those who have cause to study them in depth.


This paper presents the design and simulation of a high-gain Antenna by using a Fabry-Perot cavity (FPC) in millimeter-wave (MMW) applications. The FPC antenna is formed by locating a frequency selective surfaces (FSS) above a slot antenna that operates at 28 GHz and fed by a printed ridge-gap waveguide (PRGW). Moreover, the bandwidth of the proposed slot antenna is enhanced using a novel design of the semi-cross slot. The simulation results show the optimized antenna design can cover impedance bandwidth from 27.77 GHz to 28.42 GHz with a high realized gain of about 20.45 dBi at 28 GHz.


We propose a universal simulating solution to characterize the OIP3 of most kinds of photodetectors using Silvaco TCAD simulation tools. For a normal PIN photodetector and a unitraveling-carrier photodetector, a fine agreement was observed in experimental results and simulation results. We believe that this solution could be useful in designing and optimizing high-power photodetectors.


Considering the emergence of digital information and communication technologies in the contemporary educational context, this work aims to explore the possibilities offered by Virtual Reality (VR) headsets in the school environment, and also to verify how they can contribute to foreign language teaching and learning. The motivation of this work is a result of a pedagogical practice experience carried out by the researcher during French classes in a Brazilian foreign language teaching project in public schools. This pedagogical practice later became the subject of their master's research, which is currently being conducted in the same educational context in two French language classes. The main objective consists of verifying to what extent VR can contribute to foreign language teaching/learning, focusing on the four linguistic competences and motivation. The methodology of this work has a qualitative nature with some quantitative results, and is characterized as Action Research, as the researcher participated in the activities. These activities consisted of using Google Cardboard, a VR headset, to present interactive 360° videos and tours of real places. The preliminary results show that activities with VR can promote a high level of motivation and engagement, also contributing to the development of the four linguistic competences.


Dr. Renate Schmidt (PI MANCHESTER) is an expert on automated reasoning methods, resolution decision procedures, agent-based systems, non-classical logics and relation algebras and has published widely in these areas. Since 1991 she has published nearly 50 major publications in respected journals, books, and refereed conference proceedings. In 2002 she held a visiting fellowship with the Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik in Saarbrücken funded by the EPSRC and the Max-Planck-Institut. She serves on the editorial board of the Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logic, an international journal which promotes the development of non-classical logics in Computer Science. She is guest editor of a special issue of this journal on the implementation of logics. She is and has been involved with the organisation of a number of international and national scientific initiatives, conferences or workshops: the AiML Initiative (steering committee), AiML 2004 (local organiser, program committee), RelMiCS & KA 2006 (conference chair), ESCoR 2006 (co-organiser), ARW (organising committee), WIL 2003 (PC co-chair), AAMAS 2005 (PC), M4M 2005 (PC), FTP 2005 (PC), CLIMA 2005 (PC), WIL 2004 (PC), JELIA 2004 (PC), and others. Dr. Schmidt has secured and worked on a series of research projects funded by the EPSRC, the British Council, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (both German funding councils).


A multistep linear prediction (MSLP) approach is presented for blind channel estimation for short-code direct sequence code division multiple access signals in time-varying multipath channels using a receiver antenna array. The time-varying channel is assumed to be described by a complex exponential basis expansion model. First, a recently proposed MSLP approach to blind channel estimation for time-varying single-input multiple-output (SIMO) systems is extended to time-varying multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems to define a "signal" subspace. Second, the knowledge of the spreading code of a desired user is exploited in conjunction with the signal subspace to estimate the time-varying channel of the desired user up to an unknown time-invariant scale factor. Equalization/detection for the desired user can be then carried out if the information sequence is differentially encoded/decoded. Sufficient conditions for channel identifiability are investigated. Three illustrative simulation examples are provided.


have attracted attention due to their built-in ability to repair physical damage, effectively extending the material lifetime. Many self-healing systems that have been developed focus on molecular level interactions, in which reversible interactions are of particular interest due to the ability to heal damage repeatedly at the same position. Some systems are still limited in practice due to the requirement for external stimuli; Herein, we present a new approach to self-healing polymeric materials based on reversible covalent cross-linking utilizing thiol/disulfide dynamic exchange reactions. Polymers with a branched architecture 5-7 were selected for this study due to the expected low intrinsic viscosity. The polymer gel structure was realized by synthesizing star polymers containing thiol (SH) groups at the arm peripheries, via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). 8-11 The synthesized polymers were solution processed into films in which the peripheral SH groups were oxidatively cross-linked to form S-S bonds. The subsequent evaluation of the self-healing process was conducted by micro- machining damage into the film surface, facilitated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and followed by time-lapse AFM imaging of the repair process. Experimental Materials. All monomers and the cross-linker, including n-butyl acrylate (BA, 99%) and ethylene glycol diacrylate (EGDA, 90%) were purchased from Aldrich and purified by passing through a column with basic alumina to remove antioxidants and inhibitors. CuBr (98%, Acros) was purified with acetic acid. All other reagents: ethyl 2-bromopropionate (EBrP), N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA), CuBr2, tributylphosphine (Bu3P), iron trichloride (FeCl3), iodine, 1,2,7,8- diepoxyoctane, 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene (DBU), and solvents were purchased from Aldrich at the highest purity and used as received. SS cross- linking agent bis(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) disulfide (DSDMA) 12-13 was


This paper presents an architecture of flash analog to digital converters (ADCs) implemented with VCO-based comparators. The architecture reduce the power consumption of ADCs operating at high speed. The flash ADC is designed with 7 VCO-based compactors operating at 15MHz and simulated with CPPSIM. The signal to noise ratio (SNR), signal to noise and distortion ratio (SNDR), and spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of the flash ADC are 17.5, 16.6 dB, and 26.3 dB, respectively with an input of 1MHz sine signal.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the landscape type on Chunchon by CG(computer graphics) pictures and visibility analysis. The land use CG picture and the land cover CG picture are created by using Zoning area data and DEM(digital elevation model), and by using data of land cover classification and DEM. According to the analysis result of the land cover from 1989 to 2000, the city area has increased to , the green area has diminished to . The tendency of the city area increases and the green area decreases which appear in the city area, developmental restriction zone and green area on land use. The landscape is classified into three types by cluster analysis using the area rate of the element which constitutes the land use CG picture. Type 1 is a landscape characteristics of developmental restriction zone. Type 2 is a landscape characteristics of green land and type 3 is a landscape characteristics based on city area and water area. The increase of city area and decrease of green area are shown in all landscape types of land cover CG pictures. The same tendency is seen in the place where the scenery is of high importance as a result of visible analysis. The preservation and management of the scenery to the green area are requird in developmental restriction zone are required.


Background and Purpose— Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 has potent neuroprotective properties. We investigated the effects of intravenous administration of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) on serum levels of IGF-1 and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods— Serum levels of total IGF-1, free IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 were measured by radioimmunoassay in 10 patients with ischemic stroke treated with intravenous tPA (0.9 mg/kg body weight) and 10 untreated controls. Results— During tPA treatment, total IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 serum levels did not change, but there was an ≈70% increase in free IGF-1 serum levels from 0.98±0.25 at baseline to 1.69±0.18 nmol/L at the end of the 1-hour infusion (P=0.01). Conclusions— Intravenous therapy with tPA enhances the bioavailability of IGF-1.


The physiologic importance of copper and cobalt in erythropoiesis is well established. Their importance as a supplement to natural diets for human subjects has not been demonstrated. Although some patients with the nephrotic syndrome or sprue may be partially depleted of copper, further studies will have to be done to determine whether the addition of copper to the diet is of any clinical benefit. With the possible exception of these 2 conditions, there is no evidence that therapy with copper has any value.
 Cobalt, when administered in pharmacologic quantities, may under certain circumstances be a potent erythropoietic stimulant. However, toxic side effects may be associated with its administration and it remains to be determined whether on not the benefits outweigh the possible disadvantages. In iron deficiency anemia there is no indication for cobalt therapy. This anemia responds quite satisfactorily to iron alone.
 Molybdenum deficiency has not been observed in man. Its role in hemopoiesis is unknown. Evidence for the usefulness of molybdenum-iron preparations in the treatment of anemias is not impressive.


RNA binding proteins (RBPs) of the zinc finger protein 36 family, including zinc finger protein 36 like 1 (ZFP36L1) are implicated in cancer, however, the mechanisms have remained unclear. These proteins function by regulating post‐transcriptional gene expression by binding to AU‐rich elements (ARE's) within the 3'untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of specific mRNA and increasing their mRNA turnover. Here, we tested the role of ZFP36L1 in hepatocellular cancer (HCC) using HCC cancer cell lines.


A pair of climate-focused expansions promises smart fun for board game enthusiasts Board games are growing as a popular hobby in mainstream culture and academic circles, thanks, in part, to the rise of "Eurogames," which emphasize strategy and individual development over luck and conflict. Given their wide appeal, board games also represent a media form ripe with potential for science education. This review presents two games with environmentally themed expansions that can help kick-start discussions on the effects of climate change.


The most established health regimes are worthless if a patient chooses not to adhere to the recommendations of the health care system. Adherence to treatment has been poorly understood. Only a few reports have conceptualised the determinants of non-adherence behaviour (Becker & Maiman 1975; Chan, 1984). A study of follow-up patterns can reveal information relating to community or family perception about mental illness and their support in treatment adherence. It also serves as an indirect evaluation of the


The charity Cancer Research UK is using the World Cup to raise awareness of testicular cancer by highlighting the differences in the incidence of the disease across the …


For a large class of shear-free general-relativistic perfect fluids that obey a barotropic equation of state, either the expansion or the rotation is zero; well-known examples include the Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) models, the Godel solution, and stationary axisymmetric systems in rigid rotation. It has been conjectured that this is necessarily the case. Several results prove that restricted versions of this conjecture are valid, although no proof is known for the general case. A survey of these special results is given, together with physical and mathematical reasons for the study of shear-free fluids.If the conjecture is true, then there are three mutually exclusive subclasses, according to whether or not the expansion and the rotation are zero separately or simultaneously. Of these, the physically most interesting subclass is that in which the expansion is not zero, since this subclass might be thought to contain space-times that are suitable for the description of collapsing stars or expanding c...


ABSTRACT In China, single women over 27 are deemed to be "leftover." While the majority of studies suggest that the Chinese-language media have perpetuated the patriarchal discourse surrounding the leftover myth, few studies have investigated the English-language news media in China which claims to be more liberal with a critical approach. To fill this niche, this study investigates the dominant gendered discourses surrounding the leftover myth and how the myth is (de)legitimised in 30 English-language news articles produced in China by employing van Leeuwen's sociosemantic approach from a feminist critical discourse perspective. The findings show that both patriarchal and resistant discourses co-exist. While both sets of legitimation and delegitimation strategies are found in the patriarchal and resistant discourses, the delegitimation strategies occur more frequently to challenge the leftover myth than the legitimation strategies to perpetuate it. This study sheds light on the hybridised discourses surrounding the leftover myth in relation to the wider discursive and sociocultural contexts in postsocialist China.


Urban sound event detection can automatically preload relevant information for a robot to ensure that it can be applied to various scene-activity tasks. To address the limitations of timbre similarity and scene recognition by audio collection devices, a fusion model based on the self-attention mechanism is proposed in this paper. The model consists of scattering transform and self-attention model. The scattering transform computes modulation spectrum coefficients of multiple orders through cascades of wavelet convolutions and modulus operators. It is learnable compared with Mel-scale Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), and can be used to better restore the semantic features of some sound scenes with similar timbres. The transformer has an outstanding effect on Natural Language Processing (NLP) owing to its self-attention mechanism. In this paper, the self-attention mechanism in its encoder was used in the model, mainly to make the feature granularity consistent to refine the features. In addition, Focal Loss function was adopted in the model to curb the sample distribution imbalance. The Google Command and ESC-50 were used to supplement the scene categories of dataset UrbanSound8K. The model parameters of the learnable filters that performed well on the dataset UrbanSound8K were preserved to fine-tune the other two datasets with insufficient data volume and more target categories. The length of slice duration was further explored the in the model. The experimental results show that the model can achieve better performance in a large range of scene models.


This article introduce how "The Regulation about the Steelmaking and CC Process of the specific high quality steel" is worked out by Chongqing Steel. Problems in relation to the constitution-practice are discussed as well.


This paper reports the development of Japanese WordNet Affect from the English WordNet Affect lists with the help of English SentiWordNet and Japanese WordNet. Expanding the available synsets of the English WordNet Affect using SentiWordNet, we have performed the translation of the expanded lists into Japanese based on the synsetIDs in the Japanese WordNet. A baseline system for emotion analysis of Japanese sentences has been developed based on the Japanese WordNet Affect. The incorporation of morphology improves the performance of the system. Overall, the system achieves average precision, recall and F-scores of 32.76%, 53% and 40.49% respectively on 89 sentences of the Japanese judgment corpus and 83.52%, 49.58% and 62.22% on 1000 translated Japanese sentences of the SemEval 2007 affect sensing test corpus. Different experimental outcomes and morphological analysis suggest that irrespective of the google translation error, the performance of the system could be improved by enhancing the Japanese WordNet Affect in terms of coverage.


The advances in molecular genetics of abalone are stated.Genetic markers in molecular genetics of abalone include karyotype analysis,allozyme,microsatellite and minisatellite,RAPD,RFLP,MtDNA,ESTs and gene sequence markers.The application of these markers has made a good progress in investigations of genetic diversity,genetic differentiation,genetic structure,species and strain identification in abalone.It will be strengthened in aspect of proteomics, function genomics,genetic linkage maping,quantitative trait loci(QTL) and marker-assisted selection(MAS) in abalone.


A new type of organophilic clay grafted with the protonated 4, 4′-methylenediamine was prepared. The epoxy was modified using the organophilic clay and was prepared by "acetone-clay slurry" method. The morphology of the clay platelets into epoxy matrix were characterized by wide angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that the epoxy resin/exfoliated clay hybrid materials were successfully prepared and the exfoliation of clay into epoxy matrix occurred in the curing process. The excellent thermal mechanical properties of the hybrid materials with the values of the storage modulus and glass transition temperature (Tg) of the hybrid materials were studied by dynamic mechanical analysis. When 7 wt% of modified clay was added into epoxy, the storage modulus of hybrid materials increased to 1131 MPa at 110°C, and 51 MPa at 220°C in comparison to the pristine cured epoxy (661 MPa at 110°C and 6 MPa at 220°C). The high thermal stabilities of the hybrid materials especially in high temperature were also been researched by thermogravimetric analysis. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers


The design and completion of automatic command system of artificial precipitation was based upon high performance computer,advance network technology and the related research results in many years.The design idea,composition and functions of the system were introduced.


MATERIAL for the study of Thuj'a occidentalis L. was collected in the vicinity of Chicago during the late spring and early summer of I 90 I. A few collections were made in June I 902, in order to determine whether the time of fertilization varies in two successive seasons. The trees were visited twice each week and material fixed immediately after the removal of the branches. Branches were also kept in the laboratory, some having water pressure applied to the cut end of the stem, and collections were made daily. All the material from which illustrations are made was taken from a single tree, the most vigorous one to be found. Collections were made from many other trees in order to determine whether the periods of the various stages of development are the same in different individuals of the same locality. Little difference could be observed. For stages before the formation of archegonium initials I per cent. chromo-acetic acid was most useful, but for later stages it was not so good, as it was not possible to secure rapid penetration of the tissues even when used at a temperature of 8o 0. A modification of Carnoy's formula was found to give the best results for fertilization and succeeding stages, although many fixing agents were given a thorough trial. None of the fixing


Abstract : An equipment reports on spring- and spike-tooth harrows is proved as Section 8.2.6 of the US Army Corps of Engineers Wildlife Resources Management Manual. The report is designed to assist the Corps District or project biologist with the selection and use of types of equipment and materials available for habitat development and manipulation. Topics covered include description, operation and maintenance, limitations, and availability. Spring- and spike-tooth harrows are secondary tillage implements designed to smooth seed beds, incorporate soil amendments, cover broadcast seed, and break up soil clods. Management objectives for using the equipment are stated, and potential uses for developing wildlife habitat are discussed. The design and assembly of equipment are described and illustrated, and general specifications are provided. Methods of operation are described, and maintenance and safety requirements are given. Appropriate cautions and limitations are discussed.


The methodology of various experimental studies on human behavior based on interbehavioral approach are reviewed. Conditional discrimination procedures outstand as an experimental preparation widely used. General procedures, variations and commonly employed parameters in conditional discrimination are described and summarized. Experimental designs based on a longitudinal strategy seem to fu experimental criteria derived from interbehavioral assumptions. Advantages of longitudinal experimental designs as well as some methodological risks concerned with confounding of the independent variable with other variables are outlined. Some control techniques to avoid such confoundings are proposed. Traditional procedures to establish valid inferences are challenged and alternative solutions are proposed from an interbehavioral perspective. A transversal approach to research design taking into account within-subject is suggested


Simulations of SiO2 HDP-CVD on both the reactor and the feature scale are presented. On the macroscopic scale "well mixed" reactor simulations using a literature chemistry model have been performed. Additionally the temporal evolution of sub-μ features has been studied using a custom simulator and a physically based microscopic model. A comparison with experimental data shows that the surface model presented here readily describes HDP-CVD over a wide range of process conditions.


This article augments and complicates Nelson's claim that "we talk our way into war and talk our way out of it" ( Dedaić & Nelson 2003 , p. 459). Military endeavors require verbal legitimation, but militarizing participants and wide swaths of the civilian population requires more than just a stated rationale. It requires the complex construction of acquiescent selves and societies through linguistic maneuvers that present themselves with both brute force and subtlety to enable war's necropolitical calculus of who should live and who can, or must, die ( MacLeish 2013 , Mbembe 2003 ). War also involves vexed, stunted, and deadly forms of communication with perceived enemies or civilian populations. And those who are victims of military deeds, including civilians and sometimes service members themselves, are often left with psychic wounds that they cannot talk their way out of, for such wounds resist semantic expression and may emerge through more complex semiotic forms.


From a scientific point of view the proof of efficacy of a new investigational (test) treatment is persuasively established by demonstrating superiority to a concurrent placebo group in a randomized double-blind clinical trial. However, in the case where a standard treatment (reference) has already proved effective the comparison against placebo may be considered unethical and efficacy can only be derived in a randomized active control study by showing noninferiority or equivalence. Inherent for these trials is the necessity of an a priori specification of what constitutes an irrelevant difference. The purpose of this paper is to derive a methodology when this difference is defined as a fraction of the reference mean.


This research is an experimental investigation on the effect of inserting gold nanorods in various locations of conjugated polymer solar cells that comprise poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) as the electron donor, and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric-acid-methyl-ester as the electron acceptor, on the cells performance. Since gold nanorods support at least two major plasmonic modes associated with metallic nanoparticles, incorporating such nanoparticles into thin films of polymer solar cells is supposed to trap light inside the cells in a broad wavelength range, leading to increasing absorptivity as well as power conversion efficiency.
First, several experiments were performed to manufacture devices with a good and reproducible efficiency by optimizing the fabrication conditions, particularly the lithium fluoride thickness as well as the annealing process. This optimization succeeded in producing reproducible devices with an enhanced power conversion efficiency from 0.36% to 1.67%.
Secondly, various approaches were used to introduce gold nanorods in our devices. Rods were deposited in contact with either the cells' front electrode, or the rear one. They were also blended with the solution of the anodic buffer layer, or the one of the photoactive layer. We compared the photovoltaic parameters extracted from completed devices made with/without gold nanorods, as well as their spectroscopic and structure properties. We found that for each location of rods in our devices there was an optimal concentration of the rods to produce enhancement in the devices' performance. Based on theoretical considerations, devices enhancement was related to either the far field or near field effect induced by the presence of rods. It was found that increasing or decreasing the rods density from the optimal one reduced the overall efficiency of resulting devices. We experimentally verified that there was a relationship between the enhancement in the devices efficiency and the multi-mode excitations associated with gold nanorods. We also found that the influence of plasmonics on absorption of the devices depended on the thickness of the devices' photoactive layers. Using the rod shape of gold nanoparticles to increase the device performance is indeed a promising approach since a fairly low density of the rods in the layer succeeded in increasing remarkably the devices efficiency by up to 21.3 %.


The cover design is probably the most astonishing I have ever seen. Colourful, to say the least: red and yellow, blue and green letters of various sizes and styles, plus a floating black rectangle and tiny pink dots on a grey background. The title is a bit confusing, and readers take a while to understand that the book presents three plays by Quebec writers in their English translations. The idea, perhaps, suggests visually what Québécois theatre is to Canadian audiences: sharp, colourful, modern and fanciful. But my feeling about the cover design is that, in French or in English, too much is too much!


A Protective robot is an new era in the security system, in this implementation a robot is in continuous motion in the desired area where the security is required, there is no worry about the charging system since this robot has a docking unit, this docking unit is responsible for the automatic recharge of the robot in a wireless fashion. Hence there is no worry of power failure; the protective robot consists as of the required sensors for the security system, like the pir sensor, ultrasonic sensor and the ldr sensor. The protocol involved here is the Zigbee since an advanced version of the wireless transmission with high security is required hence this protocol is used moreover when a stranger enters the protected area, the Zigbee is programmed in such a way that it would transfer a single bit to the remote section were a force would monitor only when the bit is transferred which results in the buzzing of alarm thus the work load of the human is reduced to a very high level. These ldr sensors are very effective and sensitive they are programmed in such a way that the can sense only the combination of yellow and blue light combination in order to avoid the sunlight and other colors. The protective robot uses the rotating camera which is mounted in the bot so that it can move along with the bot in a wireless fashion which doesn't require current only a battery is required.


This article is based on civil proceedings brought before Dieppe's Admiralty Court by actors from the local fishing world, especially boat masters. It provides an account of the functions performed by inns, taverns and alehouses within this professional environment. Paying close attention to the social uses of public houses which transpire through judicial archives, it aims to show how these institutions, which played a key role in Old Regime societies, not only worked as nodes in fishing organisation, but also as public arenas where the craft community's relationships were built.


The aim of this study is to implement e-learning designed course for general education. The study employed 3 phases for developing e-learning course: contextual study, designing, and implementing. Two courses general education, 217 undergraduate students are participated the study. Research tool consisted of interview about e-learning form and learning satisfaction questionnaire. The findings revealed that e-learning courses should not be used alone, but it should be mixed between face to face and e-learning in the appropriate solution. After students had learned through e-learning, they express learning satisfaction at high level and need to be continued e-learning courses in other courses.


Computer systems that support collaboration among students are not easily adopted in mathematics education. A possible reason for this is that the computer is rarely the students' preferred writing tool in mathematics. This paper investigates the writing processes of two research mathematicians, and tries to understand what parts of the mathematical writing process it is relevant and possible to support with a computer, for research mathematicians as well as students of mathematics.


Aim And Objective: To know about the effects of herbal toothpaste in comparison with tooth paste in commercial use in reducing streptococcus mutans count. Background: Usage of toothpaste determines the shininess and colour of our tooth. Commercial toothpaste contain fluoride, triclosan, propylene glycol, diethanolamine and artificial sweeteners. Commercially available herbal toothpastes are also there in market. The main ingredients of commercial herbal toothpastes include neem, pudina, tomar, laung etc. People use fluoridated toothpastes more than herbal toothpastes. But overus fluoridated toothpaste may lead to dental fluorosis. So in this study ,the herbal toothpastes, commercial toothpastes and commercially available herbal toothpastes are compared to get an idea about which toothpaste reduces bacterial count with les Methodology : A randomised study was carried out on 30 patients with dental caries. Saliva samples were collected prior to the procedure in a sterile container. The 30 patients were divided into three groups .10 subjects were given herbal tooth paste 1 and asked to brush twice a day morning and night before going to bed. Next 10 subjects were given Herbal tooth paste 2 and the rest 10 were given commercial tooth paste with fluoride and they were also instructed to follow the same procedure. After five days saliva samp again collected from all the 30 subjects and Streptococcus mutans count was done and the results are given in Colony forming units[cfu] / ml. The mutans level is compared between three groups and compared. Conclusion: Most of us don't use herbal toothpastes because it shows mild irritation in mouth. So people started to use fluoridated toothpaste since it doesn't show any irritation and it provides good breath. The bacterial count can be reduced if we use herbal toothpastes than commercial toothpastes. Also doctors should recommend herbal toothpastes here afterwards thus to provide good oral hygiene in near future. e tools most are the toothbrush (manual or electric), floss, woodsticks, and interdental brushes. Despite the availability of these various oral hygiene devices, even the most meticulous patient will not always completely remove all plaque. plaque is utmost important to control dental caries that is commonly maintained by mechanical methods. Usage of toothpaste determines the shininess and colour of our tooth. Commercial toothpaste contain fluoride, triclosan, propylene glycol, diethanolamine and artificial sweeteners. Herbal toothpaste is a unique formulation ingredients that provide long lasting and complete oral care to gums and teeth .It contains herbal extract and essential oils that fights effectively against bacteria. The herbal paste not only cleans teeth but also bring freshness in breath use of herbal toothpaste is a good choice for everyone especially for them who are suffering from toothaches, bleeding gums and bad breathe. Various dental and gum disease can be cured easily with the use of herbal toothpaste. 6505, Impact Factor: SJIF: 5.995


This country (Colombia) is in need of establishing dialogues among the various academic and non-academic communities, with the intention of understanding other forms of objectivation of mathematical knowledge, with due respect for the knowledges constructed by those communities. Thus, the objective of this article is to present some ways of understanding mathematics education in a sociocultural perspective, and to exemplify them. How to reference this article: Jaramillo, Diana, "La educacion matematica en una perspectiva sociocultural: tensiones, utopias, futuros posibles", Revista Educacion y Pedagogia, Medellin, Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Educacion, vol. 23, num. 59, enero-abril, 2011, pp. 13-36. Received:  octubre 2010 Accepted:  diciembre 2010


The principal applies the transformasional leadership style of leadership that is able to motivate followers to more than transcend their own immediate self-interest in order to jointly translate the mission and vision of the organization and be able to transform the energy resources, human, instrument, or situation to achieve the goal of school reform. Transformasional leadership is a leadership that is able to create fundamental changes based on religious values, systems and cultures to create the innovation and creativity of its followers in order to achieve a defined vision. The results of this study agree with Bass and Avolio that the transformasional leadership model involves four dimensions with concepts; idealized, influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual simulation and individualized consideration.


Cigarettes contain various chemicals with the potential to influence metabolic health. Exposure to cigarette smoke causes a dysfunction in pancreatic β‐cells and impairs insulin production. However, the mechanisms for cigarette smoke‐induced reduction of insulin remain largely unclear. Data from 558 patients with diabetes showed that, with smoking pack‐years, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)‐β (a method for assessing β‐cell function) decreased and that HOMA of insulin resistance increased. For β‐cells (MIN6), cigarette smoke extract (CSE) increased the levels of thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP) and the long noncoding (lnc)RNA, metastasis‐associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), and downregulated the levels of the transcription factor, mafA, and microRNA (miR)‐17. MALAT1, one of four lncRNAs predicted to regulate miR‐17, was knocked down by small interfering RNA (siRNA). For these cells, an miR‐17 mimic inhibited TXNIP and enhanced the production of insulin. Knockdown of MALAT1 induced an increase in miR‐17, which suppressed TXNIP and promoted the production of insulin. In the sera of patients with diabetes who smoked, there were higher MALAT1 levels and lower miR‐17 levels than in the sera of nonsmokers. Thus, CSE inhibits insulin production by upregulating TXNIP via MALAT1‐mediated downregulation of miR‐17, which provides an understanding of the processes involved in the reduced β‐cells function caused by cigarette smoke.


The haptophyte Prymnesium parvum has a worldwide distribution, with dramatic increase in blooms in the last years. P. parvum blooms are often associated with massive fish kills and great ecological impacts and economic losses as a consequence. P. parvum is a mixotrophic organism, utilizing organic dissolved substances and particles to support its photosynthetic growth. The ability of P. parvum to produce toxic compounds, and being a mixotroph, makes it capable to outcompete other algal species for essential substances. These mechanisms are mostly enhanced when environmental conditions are not optimal for P. parvum growth. Here we report results on the growth, toxicity and mixotrophy, from experiments where P. parvum cells were grown as monocultures or together with Rhodomonas salina and exposed to different light conditions (dark, 100, 700, 2000 μmol photons m s). The results showed that P. parvum growth is affected at light intensity of 700 μmol photons m s and the cells were photo-lysed when exposed to irradiances above this value. An inverse relationship between cellular toxicity and light intensity was observed, i.e. lower light irradiation induced higher cell toxicity. Phagotrophy was observed in all the conditions. P. parvum reached significantly higher cell densities when growing together with R. salina than in monocultures, while cellular toxicity was significantly reduced in the mixed cultures. Furthermore the presence of prey attenuated the negative effect of the higher irradiations on P. parvum growth.


Abduction is usually defined as the process of inferring the best explanation of an observation. There are many information processing operations that can be viewed as a search for an explanation. For instance, diagnosis, natural language interpretation and plan recognition. This paper is concerned about the following aspects of abduction: (i) what are the logical properties of abduction when it is regarded as a form of inference? and (ii) how close is abduction to reversed deduction? In the logic-based approach to abduction, the background theory is given by a consistent set of formulas Σ. The notion of an explanation is defined by saying that a formula γ (consistent with Σ) is an explanation of α if Σ ∪ {γ} ` α. An explanatory relation is a binary relation ¤ among formulas where the intended meaning of α¤γ is "γ is a preferred explanation of α". To each explanatory relation is associated a consequence relation |∼ab defined as follows: α |∼ab β if Σ ∪ {γ} ` β for each γ such that α ¤ γ. The study of the logical properties of explanatory reasoning is approached by a systematic analysis of |∼ab. We show that there are rationality postulates for abduction (i.e. constrains on the explanatory relation ¤ ) that are, in a very precise sense, equivalent to rationality postulates (in the Krauss-Lehmann-Magidor tradition) for non-monotonic reasoning (i.e. for the relation |∼ab). This tight correspondence between postulates for explanatory reasoning and non-monotonic reasoning will make apparent a strong duality between these two forms of inference. Isolating the postulates and showing this duality are one of the main contributions of the paper. We introduce the notion of a causal explanatory relation and show its close connection with reversed non-monotonic reasoning.


Avena seedlings were imbibed and germinated in the presence of inhibitors of carotenoid biosynthesis. After excision and defoliation, the coleoptiles were cultured in the presence of these basally supplied inhibitors and their growth, phototropic behavior and pigment content were subsequently measured. Total carotenoids could be reduced to ca. 20 percent of the control value without marked influence on the dose-response curve for the first positive curvature. Chromatographic analysis of extracted carotenoids on alumina columns revealed that the inhibitors produced both qualitative and quantitative changes, reducing one fraction and virtually eliminating two others. The total riboflavin content of the coleoptiles was almost completely unaffected by these treatments. The data are applied to an analysis of the nature of the photoreceptor in phototropism of the Avena coleoptile.


Research on gender inequalities has been greatly enhanced by the now frequent use of decision-making and permission questions found in many household surveys. Our concern in this paper is that one potential line of research with these questions has been overlooked and that this neglect may limit our understanding of the results of earlier analyses. These decision making questions derived from a concern to measure more directly the empowerment basis of gender inequalities. However the questions actually tap into more than just a gender dimension of household decision making. While much of the gender interest is in whether these decisions are made by the husband or the wife in the context of developing societies where extended families are common and even normative women frequently respond that an important voice in these decisions is their father-in-laws or mother-in-laws. We argue that it is useful to disentangle the extent to which a woman is being disempowered by her husband versus others in her household. By ignoring the full dynamics of power distributions within a family we may be conflating inequalities of gender with those of generation and thereby mis-specifying our models of empowerment. We use data from a new 40000 household survey the India Human Development Survey 2004-2005 to examine how a respondents lack of power is a function of gender and/or generation. (authors)


An apparatus, the apparatus comprising at least one processor, and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: use a determined user's grip of a portable electronic device as a user input to the portable electronic device to provide signalling to control data streaming functionality provided using the portable electronic device.


Introduction and purpose
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is a constellation of symptoms that includes gastric ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and chronic diarrhea. They are caused by the presence of gastrinoma, which is a neuroendocrine tumor that secretes gastrin. Gastrinoma is most often found in the duodenum and pancreas. ZES occurs sporadically in about 80% of cases, while in 20-25% it is a component of multiple endocrine neoplasms (MEN1). It is malignant in 60-90% of cases. The aim of the study is to present the typical clinical course of ZES, the diagnostic path and current therapeutic recommendations.
Description of the state of knowledge
ZES is present in about 0.1% -1% of patients with peptic ulcer disease. The direct cause of symptoms in patients with ZES is excessive gastric secretion stimulated by ectopic gastrin. Excess gastric acid damages the gastric mucosa and small intestine and disrupts the transport of fats, leading to the development of diarrhea. Other common symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, or more rarely severe complications of GERD or peptic ulcer disease. Diagnostics include measurement of fasting serum gastrin, measurement of gastric pH, and assessment of basal gastric acid production.
Summary
In pharmacological treatment, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the first-line drugs to control excessive gastric acid secretion in patients with ZES. Other therapeutic options include histamine receptor antagonists or somatostatin analogues. Surgical intervention remains the only possible causal treatment. In the case of sporadic ZES routine exploratory laparotomy with curative intent is recommended. In the group of patients with coexisting MEN-1 syndrome, surgical intervention is reserved for patients with tumors> 2 cm.


Earlier this year I had a ceremonial burning. I dragged my body up the steep stairs to our study. No mean feat when your muscles are wasted and weak, and your blood pressure has a fondness for dropping at the most inconvenient of times. I went through my folders and my filing cabinets. Thesis, work documents, neurology articles and course work, were shredded with ruthless efficiency as I sat on the floor. I filled up grey Woolies bags by the dozen. Some, I binned. The rest, I burned. A large bonfire out back. Carbon footprint aside, it was incredibly satisfying watching the ashen motes of paper rise up on the hot air and disappear - a moment of reprieve. Of loss conquered. Or so I told myself. But loss and grief don't work that way. Not when you live with chronic illness.


Fire damp explosion is the utmost hidden trouble in coal mine. When the gas concentration is 5.5%~15%, burning or exploding will happen. Therefore the gas concentration must be controlled. The normal method is gas taking out. In the present paper the method of directional split blasting is discussed. The blasting parameters and formulas of slot pipe explosive are gained by the analysis of the mechanism of directional split blasting. An application case is also given in the paper. In the case the blasting parameters such as the amount of the explosive, the depth and diameter of the hole are calculated by the formulas. The charge structure of the split pipes and the holes disposal of directional split blasting are showed in Fig.1 and Fig. 2. Through the case, it is proved that this kind of blasting technique can produce directional crakes in coal bed. The length of crakes is about 500~800 mm. The percentage of gas taking out is increased. The amount of the gas taking out is increased more than 1 time. There is of direct significance to prevent gas explosion and ensure safety production. Finally, there are some conclusions obtained. Directional split blasting can produce directional crakes in coal bed. The amounts and the depth of the crakes have relationships with the amounts of directional split and the blasting parameters. The directional split blasting decrease the intensity of the coal layer. This will make the next mining with machine or dynamiting easier.


Abstract 5110 Background: Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors are reported to induce apoptosis in myeloma cells (Gojo et al., 2002; MacCallum et al., 2005). Here we investigated pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects of LDC-000067, a novel selective CDK9-inhibitor, in three multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines (L-363; RPMI-8226; U-266). In addition, we studied consequences of selective CDK 9-inhibition regarding transcriptional activity (RNA-polymerase II phosphorylation) and related anti-apoptotic pathways (Mcl-1 and NFkB). Methods: L-363, RPMI-8226 and U-266 cells were exposed to either DMSO (vehicle control) or serial dilutions of LDC-000067 [0.5–20μM]. Apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry analyses (FITC Annexin V / propidium iodide staining) after 24 hours in corresponding samples. To further investigate mechanisms of induced apoptosis by LDC-000067 we examined corresponding protein extracts by immunoblot analyses. Results: We found that LDC-000067 showed anti-myeloma activity in all myeloma cell lines tested. The proportion of induced apoptosis by exposure to LDC-000067 was equipotent (RPMI-8226) or higher (L-363 and U-266) compared to Seliciclib, a selective CDK 2-, 7- and 9-inhibitor. The IC50 for LDC-000067 was 4.0 μmol/L for L-363, 6.9 μmol/L for U-266 and 11.5 μmol/L for RPMI-8226. LDC-000067 inhibited phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II at Ser 2 of the carboxyl-terminal domain in all MM lines tested. In addition, exposure to LDC-000067 resulted in a rapid decline of the protein levels of Mcl-1, known as an anti-apoptotic protein in MM. Furthermore, it is reported that in 40% of MM cell lines and 17% of MM patients the NFkB pathway is constitutionally activated by mutations (Demchenko et al., 2010) and inhibition of the NFkB activity causes induction of apoptosis (Hongyu et al., 2001). In our study we showed that LDC-000067 potently inhibited the NFkB pathway. Immunoblot analyses revealed a decreased phosphorylation and degradation of the NFkB inhibitor IkBa and an inhibition of phosphorylation of the NFkB subunit RelA (p65). Moreover, our data demonstrated that exposure to LDC-000067 caused a significant reduction of the protein levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin D2 strongly correlated to cell cycle arrest. Conclusion: In conclusion, our data corroborate that LDC-000067, a novel selective CDK 9-inhibitor, shows anti-myeloma activity by targeting three key pathways in the molecular pathogenesis of MM: firstly, it induces consecutive decline of Mcl-1 protein and inhibition of RNA polymerase II phosphorylation; secondly, it inhibits constitutively activated NFkB pathway; and thirdly, it reduces levels of D-type cyclins. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) use a combination of scanning and transmission electron microscopy, atom probe tomography, and focused ion beam milling to analyze corrosion and crack structures in light-water reactor components with near-atomic spatial resolution.


Acknowledging the globalization of Chinese cities, this paper studies its influence on the formation of a newly-built Central Business District in China. Used as a case study, the Lujiazui Financial District of Shanghai Pudong is a commendable achievement in urban development during the past 19 years. This paper reviews the background to the planning of Lujjiazui and comments on the international design competition that exhibited different planning approaches to the district. By reviewing the various plans and comparing them with the adopted project by the local institute, the authors reveal the reasons for the way Lujiazui was planned and built and discover a new type of Chinese city which was shaped by both global and market forces.


The tensional and mechanical behavior of regenerative components, grafts, and blood clots represent an essential condition for the success of bone regeneration protocols. Autologous platelet growth factors represent a useful protocol to enhance the soft and hard tissue healing in several fields of medicine and craniofacial surgery. Different protocols for blood concentrates with and without activation have been proposed in literature. The aim of the present study was to investigate in vitro the mechanical properties of autologous platelet gel (APG) with autologous thrombin and calcium chloride. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 APG samples were evaluated; 10 samples were activated by autologous thrombin and calcium chloride (Group I) and 10 samples were non-activated (Group II). The tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were calculated through a static loading test (Lloyd 30 K, Lloyd Instruments Ltd., Segensworth, UK). Results: Group I (activated) reported a tensile strength of 373.5 ± 14.3 MPa, while Group II showed a significantly lower value of 360.5 ± 16.3 MPa (p < 0.05). The Young's modulus was 145.3 ± 10.4 MPa for Group I and 140.3 ± 15.3 MPa for Group II (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The effectiveness of the present in vitro simulation showed that the APG activation protocol is able to increase the mechanical characteristics of the blood derivates and could be clinically useful to enhance regenerative procedures.


Purpose: To compare anterior segment indices measured by two Scheimpflug camera; Galilei and Pentacam. Methods: In this observational case series, myopic patients scheduled for refractive surgery underwent corneal and anterior segment analyses using Pentacam (single Scheimpflug camera) and Galilei (dual Scheimpflug camera). Analyzed parameters included anterior and posterior best-fit spheres (BFS), axial curvature, true corneal power, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber (AC) depth, AC volume, AC angle and pupil diameter. Statistical analysis was performed using paired ttest and Bland-Altman plots. Results: The study comprised 176 eyes of 88 patients. The mean radius of the anterior BFS was 7.79 ± 0.34 mm measured with Pentacam and 7.75 ± 0.39 mm measured with Galilei (r=0.877,p<0.001), and the mean radius of posterior BFS was 6.42 ± 0.32 mm and 6.47 ± 0.38 mm, respectively, (r=0.879,p<0.001). Anterior axial curvature was 43.8 ± 1.9 D with Pentacam and 43.8± 2.4 D with Galilei (r=0.905,p<0.003). Posterior axial curvature was 6.3 ± 0.3 D and 6.3 ± 0.4 D, respectively (r=0.873, p<0.001). True Corneal power was 43.9 ± 1.9 D with Pentacam and 43.5± 2.3 D with Galilei (r=0.909,p<0.001). CCT was 537±44 μm with Pentacam and 553±51 μm with Galilei (r=0.796,p<0.001). Anterior chamber depth was 3.29±0.4 mm and 3.3±0.38 mm (r=0.85, p<0.001), anterior chamber volume was 207±50 mm3 and 129±39 mm3 (p=0.004), anterior chamber angle was 39.7±9.2 degree and 54.2±5.2 degree (p=0.051), respectively. Average pupil diameter was 3.91±1.77 mm with Pentacam and 3.34±0.89 mm with Galilei (p=0.007). There was a significant correlation between all measured parameters except for CCT, AC volume, AC angle, and pupil diameter. Conclusion: There is a significant agreement between Galilei and Pentacam Scheimpflug analyzers in most of the measured indices. However, the correlation can be low in some parameters. Therefore, these two devices cannot be used interchangeably.


the Relevance of the research consists in the assumption of an objective nature of the interaction of three processes: strategic planning, intended to justify purpose-oriented education behavior of the organization, innovation expertise of strategic plans and investment support. Such representation will allow, in our opinion, to coordinate and intensify investment activity in the Krasnoyarsk territory, to increase its efficiency.


Based on analyzing the YOLOv4 algorithm, aiming at the defect of low training accuracy in the application of YOLOv4 to detect remote sensing image objects, the CBAM module and Focal Loss function are introduced and inserted into the algorithm network structure, respectively and at the same time, so as to improve the detection accuracy of the network. Under the DOTA dataset, with the detection speed barely affected, mAP in the proposed algorithm increased by 4.09%, 3.87%, 3.16%, and 1.95%, respectively, compared with previous SSD, YOLOv3, YOLOv4, and YOLOv5. The optimization algorithm has the advantages of both efficiency and accuracy and provides an effective solution to the problem of object detection.


This paper proposes a strategy to estimate the velocity and position of neighbor agents using distance measurements only. Since with agents executing arbitrary motions, instantaneous distance-only measurements cannot provide enough information for our objectives, we postulate that agents engage in a combination of circular motion and linear motion. The proposed estimator can be used to develop control algorithms where only distance measurements are available to each agent. As an example, we show how this estimation method can be used to control the formation shape and secure velocity consensus of the agents in a multi agent system.


A multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is applied to research the flexible job-shop scheduling problem, which sets maximum makespan, the total workload of machines and maximum workload of machine as optimization goals. Aiming at improving performance of NSGA- at distinguishing and comparing nonⅡ-dominated individuals, a modified non-dominated sorting algorithm is designed so that it can distinguish non-dominated individuals rapidly, eliminate dominated individuals and enhance the conformation efficiency of non-dominated sets. Combining the characteristics of flexible job-shop scheduling problem and properties of evolutionary algorithm, and introducing evolutionary strategy based on cloud model, a multi-objective flexible job-shop scheduling algorithm based on improved non-dominated sorting is proposed. Applying the excellent characteristics of cloud model in both fuzziness and randomness to maintain evolutionary populations and ameliorate the distribution breadth and uniformity of non-dominated solution. Making use of multi-attribute decision model based on weighted grey target to select the most satisfied schedule. Using the proposed algorithm to test the benchmark problems and analyze the results, and testified its feasibility and effectiveness. The proposed algorithm is applied to a real production case study, and the most satisfied schedule is generated.


Let R be a commutative Noetherian ring. In this article, we provide some new criteria for a semidualizing module to be dualizing in terms of special homological properties of module categories. The purpose of this article is twofold: first, it aims at improving Christensen's and Takahashi et al.'s characterizations of dualizing modules; secondly, while applying these criteria to the ring itself, we not only recover some results of Jenda and Xu, respectively, but also obtain a new characterization of Gorenstein rings.


This paper presents an alternative to distributed inundation models for realtime flood forecasting that provides fast and accurate medium- to short-term forecasts. The methodology applies a State Dependent Parameter approach to derive a nonlinear dependence between the water levels measured at gauging stations along the river. The transformation of water levels depends on the relative geometry of the channel cross-sections, without the need to apply rating curve transformations to discharge. The relationship obtained is used to transform water levels as an input to an adaptive, variable time lag routing model. The paper provides an account of the uncertainties involved and describes the conditions for its application. The approach is illustrated using an 80 km reach of the River Severn, UK.


The optimal conditions for the histochemical demonstration of noradrenaline in the adrenal medulla by selective pigment formation at potassium iodate oxidation have been investigated. In addition the classical chromaffine reaction has been modified for the simultaneous demonstration of adrenaline and noradrenaline.


Basicgeographicdataclassificationisaprocessofabstractingrealworldandformingthelogic concept,the result is obtained the schemes of data classification and cataloging.Basic geographic data classification is a process of abstracting real world and forming the logicconcept,the result is obtained the schemes of data classification and cataloging.Referring to the result of relevant researches at home and abroad,this paper,based on the database project with the institute of surveying and mapping,firstly,makes a summary ofthe basic geographic data,and then develops the data resources unified planning,data encoding,and making the data standard,then the data maintenance and update is following,finally the result of the basic geographic data classification and coding of surveying and mapping institute are given.


Objective To investigate the clinical using of the transvaginal hysterectomy for a moderate enlarged normal-positioned uterus.Methods The positive physical sign,detection in operation,length of stay and were recorded,and the postoperative recovery in 286 patients underwent transvaginal hysterectomy or transabdominal hysterectomy were observed.Results Operative time and bleeding in operation in the transvaginal hysterectomy group were fewer than in abdominal group [(72.6±18.3)min vs(96.2±15.3)min,(88.6±34.3)mL vs(105.6±25.0)mL,P0.05].The antibiotic time,functional recover time of bowel and length of stay in hospital of the vaginal group were shorter than those in the abdominal group [(3.2±1.6)day vs(5.2±2.8)day;(18±9) hour vs(31±9)hour;(4.8±1.5) day vs(7.8±1.6) day,P0.05].Conclusion The vaginal hysterectomy would be better than the abdominal hysterectomy in operativing time,bleeding in operation,functional recover of bowel and the length of stay.It should be worth of popularizing,and using.


The aim of this study was to determine whether people's perceptions of the
inherent risks associated with activities was affected, positively or
negatively, when they were on holiday. To this end, a survey was
conducted asking questions about what activities were undertaken on the
participant's last holiday, what activities the participant undertakes whilst
at home, what holiday destinations were considered by the participant to be
unsafe, what activities were considered by the participant to be unsafe, as
well as basic background questions about age, sex, ethnicity and
occupation.
The results do not show any evidence that tourists are more likely to
undertake more risky activities whilst on holiday in comparison with their
normal leisure activities at home. However, the results have identified that
males in the 20-24 age group are the most likely to undertake riskier
activities whilst on holiday. The mixed results from this study display the
subjective nature of risk perception, although they do support the findings
of other studies that young males are more likely to take risks that females
and males of other age groups.


With the development of the Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML), there now is a common standard for the exchange of dynamical models in systems biology. It has already been adopted by many applications in this field (Hucka et al., 2011, 2003; SBML Team, 2012).

In 2002, we worked on an automatic layout algorithm (Wegner and Kummer, 2005). This algorithm was based on the principle that, given an SBML file, the species and reactions should be placed automatically as a network. Since there was no way to save the final layout of the network, we started developing a layout extension for SBML. In 2003, the first draft was completed and presented at the SBML workshop in St. Louis in 2004. Based on the discussions in St. Louis, Ralph Gauges finalized a first specification and implementation for libSBML (Gauges et al., 2006). During the next several SBML meetings, the layout extension was discussed in depth and also challenged by other proposals, but due to the constant support from the community (e.g., Deckard et al., 2006), it was finally accepted as a package for SBML Level 3.


Per-operative and post-operative complications of polypropylene mesh surgery with synthetic systems are characterized in this article. The methods of complications prevention and management are described.


Marine sponges are the most primitive invertebrates,with high amounts of phylogenetically diversified bacteria.Microorganisms capable of producing biosurfactants could be isolated by a series of steps including enrichment culture,blood agar method and oil spreading technique,etc.The fermentation supernatant of the first-isolated strains was screened by surface tension method.Two kinds of strains bacteria(H10 and S6X) with higher surface activity were isolated from marine sponge.These strains were identified by traditional physiological experimental method and 16S rDNA.The strain S6X is identified as Pseudomonas palleronii,and H10,as Bacillus pumilus.


Electron diffraction and microscopic observations were made on twin structures associated with ordering in single crystalline films of Cu50Au40 prepared by vacuum evaporation. Crystallographic relationships of the twinned region in the ordered phase were determined with respect to the disordered cubic phase. The twin plane was parallel to {101} of the tetragonal CuAu I. It was usually found in slowly cooled specimens that the twin plane was normal to the film surface, and thus the c-axis of CuAu I in the twin lamellae was lying in the film plane making an angle of about 2° with the principal axis of the original cubic phase. The results are discussed in comparison with the observations of previous workers.


A solar heated area comprising 50 residential units is under construction. The system includes low-temperature space heating with seasonal ground storage of solar heat. Heating is supplied by 2 400 ...


The lack of development of business activities is usually caused by technological-manufacturing passiveness, the destruction of scientific technological development and reducing the capacity of innovation. Discrepancy between actual and expected, or desired economic responsibility is more often expressed in transactions of organizations, on the increasingly competitive market. In terms of major disturbances, discrepancy leads to social problem, with features of a business crisis economy. Fall in business activity, by lack of resource investment, so that the organization commercialize the innovation by risk-taking venture, leads to loss of compensatory profits, realized by the manufacturer and loss of innovative profits realized by the innovator. The paper analyzes the competitiveness based on innovation and sophistication factors and the importance of establishing and implementing effective production strategies by combining and linking resources of the organization with these factors, in order to maintain the organization and improve its competitive position in the segmented market.


To explore grief and loss in nursing care, it is not enough to touch upon it as an occupational hazard to be dealt with. It is also necessary to touch upon our feelings. Internal emotions motivate our external reactions and motivations. They also teach us and guide us. Our reactions, both short-term and long-term, may be both positive and negative. In either case, we need to understand these feelings in order to continue in a positive way within our personal and professional lives.


Objective To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and surgical treatment of intrathoracic Castleman disease(CD).Methods Clinical data of 14 cases pathologically diagnosed as CD as analysed retrospectively.There were 6 males and 8 females,with an average age of 29 years(17-58).All were undergone surgical resection or biopsy.Among the 12 patients who had unicentric CD,11 were performed open thoracotomy and lymphadenectomy with posterolateral or sternum approach,and one was treated by video assisted mini thoracotomy(VAMT).For the diagnosis of multicentric CD,one of the 2 patients had video assisted thoracic surgery(VATS) and wedge resection of the lung,and the other had video mediastinoscopy.Results No patient died perioperatively.All were successfully restored except two complications.One had dyspnea in the second postoperative day,as a result of the softening and collapse of bronchial wall in the entrance of the right main bronchus,which revealed by bedside fiberoptic bronchoscopy.One who had lymphadenopathy in the aortopulmonary window suffered from transient hoarseness after surgery.They recovered after symptomatic treatment finally.Regarding pathological classification,there were 11 cases of hyaline vascular type,2 cases of plasma cell type and 1 case of mixed cellularity type.13 cases were followed up for 8-110 months and long-term survive was achieved.No recurrence was observed in the 11 cases with unicentric CD and no relapse was occurred in the 2 cases with multicentric CD.Conclusion Both freezing pathology during operation and paraffin pathology postoperation are important for establishing the diagnosis.For unicentric CD,the clinical symptoms are significantly alleviated and it can be universally cured after operation.Multicentric CD needs multiple therapies after the diagnostic procedure and close follow-up.


From a critical rationalist perspective, I look at a fragment of the debate on shale gas exploration in the UK in order to make a proposal on the nature and representation of "conductive" argumentation, arguing it should not be viewed as a single argument, but in relation to deliberation as genre. There is no "conductive argumentation", only various possible outcomes of deliberation, seen as critical testing of (alternative) proposals.


PURPOSE: To provide a composition which comprises a specified base resin, a photoinitiator, a UV shielding agent, acryl-functionized colloidal silica, acrylate, acrylated aliphatic urethane and gives a coating film excellent in abrasion resistance when cured on a thermoplastic substrate. CONSTITUTION: An intended composition comprised (A) 100 pts.wt. of a stripped base resin having viscosity of at least 25 centipoise at 25°C, (B) 0.01-15 pts.wt. of photoinitiator of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphenylphosphine oxide, (C) 0-30 pts.wt. of UV shielding agent of benzenesulfonic acid ester of benzotriazole, (D) 100 pts.wt. of acryl-functionized colloidal silica, (E) 30-200 pts.wt. of an acrylate monomer, and (F) 1-2,000 pts.wt. of acrylated aliphatic urethane of suspending acrylate-containing polyurethane. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO


Abstract The major constituents of the oils from roots and rhizomes of Valeriana wallichii DC were separated and characterized by GC, GC/MS and NMR (1H- and 13C-). The chemical compositions of the oils show two chemotypes within Valeriana wallichii. The type-I was characterized by presence of maaliol (64.3%), viridiflorol (7.2%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (19.2%). The type-II contained patchouli alcohol (40.2%), viridiflorol (5.2%), 8-acetoxy-patchouli alcohol (4.5%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (34.5%). Viridiflorol and 8-acetoxy-patchouli alcohol have been isolated from V. wallichii for the first time. Since the V. wallichii is being commercially used even today in Nepal and India as a substitute for V. officinalis, the sharp chemical differences among V. wallichii materials necessitates their identification before commercial exploitation for phytomedicines and flavor chemicals.


We present a critical review of the child addressed services of current Assessment Services in Insalud dependent Primary Health Care Centres pointing to two aspects: 1. What activities are included in the Assessment Services and what should be there?. Most of the recommended preventive activities are dealt with. We explain the reasons to include hearing evaluation of children under two, recommendations to prevent sudden infant death, prevention of child abuse and reduction of passive smoking. The great absent of current assessment is the adolescent. We revise the activities for this period. We discuss the difficulties to include acute and chronic conditions in the Assessment Services. 2. Is current Assessment Services useful to paediatrician and/or to sanitary managers? As far as paediatricians is concerned, the evaluation of their activity is essential. Sanitary


Circadian pacemaking requires the orderly synthesis, posttranslational modification, and degradation of clock proteins. In mammals, mutations in casein kinase 1 (CK1) ε or δ can alter the circadian period, but the particular functions of the WT isoforms within the pacemaker remain unclear. We selectively targeted WT CK1ε and CK1δ using pharmacological inhibitors (PF-4800567 and PF-670462, respectively) alongside genetic knockout and knockdown to reveal that CK1 activity is essential to molecular pacemaking. Moreover, CK1δ is the principal regulator of the clock period: pharmacological inhibition of CK1δ, but not CK1ε, significantly lengthened circadian rhythms in locomotor activity in vivo and molecular oscillations in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and peripheral tissue slices in vitro. Period lengthening mediated by CK1δ inhibition was accompanied by nuclear retention of PER2 protein both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, phase mapping of the molecular clockwork in vitro showed that PF-670462 treatment lengthened the period in a phase-specific manner, selectively extending the duration of PER2-mediated transcriptional feedback. These findings suggested that CK1δ inhibition might be effective in increasing the amplitude and synchronization of disrupted circadian oscillators. This was tested using arrhythmic SCN slices derived from Vipr2−/− mice, in which PF-670462 treatment transiently restored robust circadian rhythms of PER2::Luc bioluminescence. Moreover, in mice rendered behaviorally arrhythmic by the Vipr2−/− mutation or by constant light, daily treatment with PF-670462 elicited robust 24-h activity cycles that persisted throughout treatment. Accordingly, selective pharmacological targeting of the endogenous circadian regulator CK1δ offers an avenue for therapeutic modulation of perturbed circadian behavior.