After publication of a study describing the successful oral treatment of men suffering from uncomplicated gonorrhea with sulf amethoxazole-trimethoprim, this combination of drugs was used to treat women suffering from gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis. In every case, the diagnosis was confirmed by culture of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim was given in the form of Bactrim (Roche) ; two tablets (each one containing 400 mg of sulf amethoxazole and 80 mg of trimethoprim) were taken night and morning for five days. One hundred and sixteen infections in 115 women were treated. Only two therapeutic failures were observed, and another two women were reinfected within a month of treatment, one on two occasions. Skin reactions to treatment were mild and infrequent. Hematologic investigation did not reveal any evidence of blood dyscrasias. This oral preparation can be recommended for the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea in women who can be relied upon to take it as directed.


Ideally, a software project commences with requirements gathering and specification, reaches its major milestone with system implementation and delivery, and then continues, possibly indefinitely, into an operation and maintenance phase. The software system's architecture is in many ways the linchpin of this process: it is supposed to be an effective reification of the system's requirements and to be faithfully reflected in the system's implementation. Furthermore, the architecture is meant to guide system evolution, while also being updated in the process. However, in reality developers frequently deviate from the architecture, causing architectural erosion, a phenomenon in which the initial architecture of an application is (arbitrarily) modified to the point where its key properties no longer hold. In this paper, we present an approach intended to address the problem of architectural erosion by combining three complementary activities. Our approach assumes that a given system's requirements and implementation are available, while the architecturally-relevant information either does not exist, is incomplete, or is unreliable. We combine techniques for architectural discovery from system requirements and architectural recovery from system implementations; we then leverage architectural styles to identify and reconcile any mismatches between the discovered and recovered architectural models. While promising, the approach presented in the paper is a work in progress and we discuss a number of remaining research challenges.


Korea is building its own high-speed trains. KTX's first high-speed line (Seoul-Busan to Daegu) opened in April 2004, and is now Korea's rail market leader. Work on a second high-speed line (Osong to Mokpo) will start soon. Punctuality of KTX trains is so certain that Korail, Korea's national rail operator, gives passengers a 100% refund if a KTX train is more than an hour late. The author discusses KTX development and train prototypes. An article insert discusses economic challenges Korail is facing since it adopted the European model of splitting infrastructure and operations.


In Peru in recent years there has been a growing increase in the level of citizen insecurity in each of its departments; Every day we see news that is causing fear in the citizens of our country and especially victims who are affected by this problem where the state can not cope with this situation and affects our economy. The purpose of this research was to determine which are the main socioeconomic determinants that affect citizen insecurity in Peru, in the period 2009-2017. For this, an econometric model of panel data was estimated to analyze the socio-economic determinants that most affect citizen insecurity in Peru, through the 24 departments of the Country, in the period of 2009-2017.
The methods that were used in the present investigation were: The historical method, when collecting data chronologically and by departments, its evolution was analyzed in each of the years to be evaluated; Analytical-synthetic method, through exhaustive analysis of the reports of the MININTER, and of the statistics of the INEI and PNP and of the MEF, the data and indicators were extracted for the development of the model, the econometric method was also used; which using the panel data regression allowed to obtain the estimators of the model through the statistical and econometric application software STATA and the inductive-deductive method, with which the study was concluded and generalized for future research. The results obtained show that the socioeconomic determinants that have the highest incidence in citizen insecurity in Peru have been the Average Income, Public Order and Security Expenditure, the Gross Domestic Product and Family Violence, therefore, of the present investigation propose the public policy guidelines necessary to improve citizen security in the country.


The symptoms of standards,data analysis,discusses the ideas of traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment diagnosis and treatment of ulcerative colitis.That the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis complicated mixture of mostly actual situation,cold and heat mixed the cards.Expelling identified disease combined with disease in stages of governance.In support healthy,spleen to stop diarrhea,based on proper blood circulation of the goods plus so early ulcer healing and improve quality of life.


By using a simple TiO2 solar panel connected to a
steel electrode, the concept of photoelectrochemical metal corrosion
prevention has been demonstrated to be feasible in utilizing solar light
for corrosion inhibition.


In order to solve the high cost problems of the full goaf backfill and mining operations in the mine,to efficiently control the surface ground subsidence due to the underground mining and to ensure the coal mining safety above the pressurized water bearing stratum,a strip mining technology with paste backfill was provided.Based on the seam roof(key stratum),the floor ultra caving step distance affected by the pressurized water bearing and the strip coal pillar left theory as the principle,the backfill width and left width were designed for the strip paste backfill.The backfilled mass size,material mixing ratio,the surrounding rock lithology of the backfilled space,geological tectonics and backfill side stress and other factors affected to the stability of the strip backfill space were analyzed.The theory showed that the technology to build the seam floor-backfilled strip-overburden strata-main key strata structure system could be efficiently to control the surface ground subsidence and reduce the floor failure depth and could meet the requirements of the safety coal mining above the pressurized water bearing strata and under the building structures and reduce the backfill and mining costs maximally.


Celiac Disease (CD) is a syndrome affecting any age, with a prevalence of 1/100–150. Non‐Alcoholic‐Fatty‐Liver‐Disease (NAFLD) is a condition related to metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and nutritional behavior as steatogenic factors. Fatty liver in CD was ascribed to malnutrition. The aim is to investigate relationship of nutritional state and insulin resistance in newly diagnosed adult's CD and NAFLD.


Reaction of cyclic 8-aryl-2-en-7-yn-1-ones with iron(III) chloride affording (E)-spiro[4,5]decanone derivatives was developed. Treatment of 1.5 eq of FeCl3 with cyclic 8-aryl-2-en-7-yn-1-ones in 1,2-dibromoethane at 45 ℃ for 2-16 hours produced (E)-spiro[5,4] decanone derivatives in 20-50 %. Iron(III) chloride was also an excellent Lewis acid to promote the synthesis of (E)-spiro[4,5]decene systems from cyclic 8-aryl-2-en-7-yn-1-ols. The reaction occurred in less than 3 minutes at room temperture in methylene chloride solution and in good yields.


The phenomenon known as sakibphobia, a recently recognized psychological occurrence, has gained considerable attention due to its significant impact on individuals' emotional welfare and societal interactions. This scholarly manuscript aims to conduct a thorough and critical investigation of sakibphobia using three prominent sociological paradigms: structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism, and conflict perspective. Employing an exhaustive review of existing literature, this research scrutinizes the theoretical underpinnings, assumptions, and ramifications associated with these frameworks concerning sakibphobia. Sakibphobia encompasses an intense trepidation or repulsion that individuals experience towards those they perceive as surpassing them in accomplishments or achievements. Within the domain of psychology, it signifies a complex interplay between self-worth, social comparisons, and the fear of inadequacy. Through the lens of structural functionalism, this article investigates the origins of sakibphobia as a byproduct of societal expectations and norms that prioritize personal achievements and success. It delves into the influence of social institutions in perpetuating these expectations and examines the potential adverse effects on individuals' mental well-being and overall health.


Brood cell parasitism inflicts high fitness costs on solitary, nest-constructing bees. Many of these parasites enter open cells during its provisioning, when the mother bee is absent. Therefore, females can reduce the risk of open-cell parasitism by limiting the time they are away from the nest. However, provisioning efficiency (provisioning time per unit of progeny body mass) decreases due to aging. To limit the increasing risk of open-cell parasitism as the nesting season progresses, female bees could optimize their maternal investment strategy by shifting the sex ratio and the body size of offspring during the nesting season. This prediction was tested in the Red Mason bee Osmia rufa (O. bicornis), a stem- or hole-nesting, polylectic, univoltine megachilid bee. In O. rufa, the risk of open-cell parasitism was found to be correlated with cell provisioning time. Additionally, the provisioning efficiency of females declined during the nesting season to one-fourth of the initial value. However, cell-provisioning time did not increase correspondingly. Bees dealt with their decreasing provisioning efficiency by reducing the amount of stored larval food, leading to a reduction of offspring size and a seasonal shift toward males in the offspring sex ratio. The influence of provisioning efficiency and risk of open-cell parasitism on optimal offspring size was analyzed by means of a statistical model. The observed maternal investment pattern of Red Mason bees is an adaptive strategy to reduce open-cell parasitism. Copyright 2006.


It is now generally accepted that noradrenaline is the neurohormone of the sympathetic nerves (1-4) and is released as such at the nerve endings. However, it is not understood how the body metabolizes noradrenaline. This paper describes a method for separating and identifying the various metabolic products of noradrenaline in the human and discusses the import of this procedure as a tool for studying those clinical entities which represent an aberration in the physiology of the sympathetic nervous system. As early as 1895 Cybulski (5) showed that extracts of the adrenal medulla, when injected intravenously, increased the pressor activity of the urine. Later Holtz, Credner, Kroneberg and Shiimann (6, 7) and von Euler and Hellner (8) demonstrated that this pressor activity was due to adrenaline, noradrenaline, and, to a far lesser extent, hydroxytyramine. Subsequently, von Euler, Luft and Sundin (9) showed that by infusing adrenaline, 0.4 to 1.7 per cent of the infused adrenaline appeared in the urine, and, in similar experiments performed with noradrenaline (10), 1.5 to 3.3 per cent of the infused noradrenaline was excreted in the urine. This therefore means that over 95 per cent of the adrenaline and noradrenaline is metabolized following release; consequently, the metabolic products which appear in the urine must be in a relatively biologically inactive form. The first of these relatively inactive metabolic products was demonstrated in 1940 by Richter (11). He showed that by ingesting large quantities of adrenaline, a conjugate of adrenaline could be isolated from the urine. He concluded that this conjugate was a sulfate. Beyer and Shapiro (12) performed somewhat similar experiments but concluded that the conjugate was a glucu-


This work focuses on the numerical investigation of different modes of heat exchangebetween the habitat and its environment in an extremely hot climate to optimize thermal comfort.Notably, to optimize habitable comfort, it is essential to model the solar flux and the temperatureabsorbed by the habitat walls. In this context, we have developed an analytical model to predict heatexchange for a habitat in the Adrar region. The heat transfer equations have been established in eachwall of the habitat. These equations were discretized by the finite difference method and solvedusing the Gauss algorithm. The models developed were validated with climatic data measured in theresearch unit ''URER'MS'' in Adrar. The results obtained showed that building materials andextreme weather conditions were the decisive parameters of unwanted overheating.


Oil production in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee during 1966 was 89.5 million bbls., a decline of 5.3% from 1965. Gas production, nearly all from Kentucky, increased slightly to a record 84.9 Bcf. Exploratory well completions rose sharply to 1,601, an increase of 48.5%. Much of the increase was due to the drilling of many very shallow holes near the crest of the Cincinnati arch in central Kentucky and central Tennessee. A total of 4,465 wells was drilled or deepened by the oil and gas exploration and production industry in the 4 states. In Tennessee, 62 tests were drilled in 1966 compared to 20 in 1965, resulting in 1 field discovery, 1 gas development well, 1 oil development well, and 59 dry holes. Three dry holes exceeded the previous depth record for the state. Exploratory well completions in Kentucky totaled 835, nearly double the 437 reported in 1965. The increase was caused primarily by very shallow drilling in central Kentucky, a result of the 260-ft.-deep production found in 1965 at Sulphur Lick. Although 88 of the exploratory wells were completed as oil or gas producers, no large additional reserves appear to have been discovered. The most significant results were in Camp Breckinridge in western Kentucky, where new fields were discovered and old fields were extended into areas recently opened for drilling. Indiana showed an increase from 285 to 331 exploratory wells, of which 41 (12.4%) were successful. A Trenton discovery, the first in decades, was made near the northwest corner of the old Lima-Indiana field. No discoveries were made in the Devonian of the Indiana part of the Michigan basin; discoveries in the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian of the Illinois basin were not significant. In Illinois, the number of exploratory wells increased slightly from 337 to 376, of which 42 (11.2%) were successful. All new production is from zones already known to be productive; none of it appears to be significant. Deepening and new drilling in search of dolomite production from the St. Louis Limestone resulted in 3 additional oil pools in the St. Louis, and in the completion of a considerable number of wells in the shallower Ste. Genevieve and Aux Vases. This activity was in and near Clay City Consolidated and other old fields in the central part of the Illinois basin. More than 20 wells were completed in the Trenton at Hayes. This field, at the north edge of production in the basin, had received little attention since its discovery in 1963.


Some energy saving technologies of power system such as electric lines,transformers, cold or heat electric co generation and the new methods of generation are introduced.


The studies were focused on the influence of particle size of the Russian Ti-Mg catalyst IC-8-21 on the properties of polypropylene (PP) synthesized by polymerization of propylene in a liquid monomer medium. The catalysts with particles of 20 to 64 mm in size were shown to be highly active, identically sensitive to hydrogen and to provide synthesis of PP with a narrow particle size distribution, high isotacticity, close values of crystallinity, melting temperature and physicomechanical properties. A minor decrease in the activity and bulk density of PP powder was observed with an increase in the average size of catalyst particles from 20 to 43 mm. The activity and bulk density decreased more considerably over the catalyst with particles of 62–64 mm in size. The properties of polypropylene synthesized over IC-8-21 are not inferior to the properties provided by the known analogues.


Results of analyses for digestive enzymes in the glands and midgut of Camponotus herculeanus (L.) indicate that carbohydrases are associated with the foregut, and lipases and proteinases are confined to the midgut. As the content of the crop can be regurgitated, carbohydrate digestion may occur extra‐orally. The worker ants cannot ingest solid particles and, because the brood is fed on regurgitated food, the entire protein requirements of a colony are apparently supplied by the haemolymph and water‐soluble protein of the prey.


Percutaneous nucleotomy is designed to treat small and medium-sized contained disk hernias. It is offered to patients who have not responded to conservative treatment for three months or more. The nucleotomy procedure is well tolerated by a majority of patients and the rate of complications is low. The patients can be treated as out-patients. Among a total material of 130 patients, a primary good response to the treatment was observed in 81 (62%). However, owing to recurrencies the success rate had fallen to 52% at 12-39 months (mean 22 months) after nucleotomy. In selected patients with symptoms from one disk level only, and with no evidence of spinal stenosis, or of osteophyte formation or a narrowing of the disk space by more than 25%, the results were better. Here the success rate was 61% (70% in males and 50% in females).


his study aims to examine the relationship between self-criticism and psychological inflexibility as a basis for ACT interventions in college students. The research method used correlation with a quantitative approach. The sample was 115 students from various universities in Indonesia. The instruments used were the Criticizing/Attacking & Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS) and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II). The data analysis technique used Pearson's correlation with SPSS version 20.0. The results of the research showed that there was a strong correlation with sig. 0.00 and a Pearson score of 0.757. Thus, implementing ACT, which promotes psychological flexibility, can be applied to students with a self-criticism habit.


In majority of the cases familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. In rare instances, this condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. In other rare cases, DCM can be inherited in an Xlinked pattern. Establishing a genetic diagnosis confirms or modifies the clinical diagnosis and enables disease specific estimates on prognostics and treatment paths. Genetic diagnosis enables effective family member risk stratification and preventive measures for the mutation carriers. The Dilated Cardiomyopathy Panel is included in the Cardiomyopathy Panel and the Comprehensive Cardiology Panel.


Abstract Not Available – First paragraph follows:
An easily made device—a square-edged orifice—for measuring the rate of water flow in sprinkler irrigation pipe was the most accurate of several such devices evaluated at Davis.


This study analyzes how second language and first language speakers of Norwegian recruit assistance with linguistic items in a video-mediated setting by engaging the chat function. Using the method longitudinal conversation analysis to track one dyad, the findings illustrate how the recruitment methods become more conventionalized and fine-tuned over time. The recruiting turns become more specific regarding the repair method, the chat-based activity is less foreshadowed by verbal talk, and accordingly the participants recognize this activity without it being explicated. The study shows how a social practice emerges and develops as part of the participants' context-specific interactional competence in a video-mediated setting.


The pressures of tighter labour market conditions in the information technology (IT) industry in particular and the resultant challenge of recruiting, retaining and motivating valuable staff without substantially increasing pay levels have led to a renewed interest in nonfinancial recognition initiatives. This research investigated employees' preferences regarding a formal company nonfinancial recognition scheme in an IT organisational context. A sample of 758 employees from a large South African IT company participated. The Nonfinancial Initiatives Inventory was applied to achieve the objectives of the study. The findings revealed that participants from various sociodemographic groups differ significantly regarding the value they attach to the criteria associated with an effective formal company recognition scheme and the types of recognition incentives they prefer. The practical value of the results of this study lies in the design of a more effective reward and recognition incentive strategy for IT personnel and the possible retention of valuable staff within the IT environment.


The objectives of this paper are to define the present and past terrestrial fluxes of carbon in three river catchments in northeast Iceland and assess the effect of land degradation and future climate change on the fluxes. The carbon fluxes are: (1) present gross primary production (GPP); (2) net primary production (NPP); (3) net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of terrestrial vegetation in the catchments; (4) river transport out of the catchments of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in 1998; (5) dissolved organic carbon (DOC); (6) river particulate organic carbon (POC); and (7) the average present (prNBE) and (8) past 10 000 years net biome exchange (NBE10 000). The GPP is the largest of the carbon fluxes and increases from west to east as vegetation cover and bedrock age increase. The NPP and NEE, however, were highest in the Jökulsá á Dal catchment where wetlands are extensive. The DIC flux is the largest of the river export fluxes, being highest when the GPP is lowest, dictated by the rapid chemical weathering rate of the young basaltic rocks, rather than vegetation. Thus, a greater portion of the autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration escapes to the atmosphere where the GPP is largest. The NBE10 000 rate increases from west to east. The prNBE is negative and larger than the small positive NBE10 000 flux in the Jökulsá á Fjöllum and it is also negative in the Fellsá catchments, indicating land degradation. Conversely, the prNBE is positive and higher than NBE10 000 in the Jökulsá á Dal catchment, where soil organic carbon stock is increasing. In the future, NBE of two of the three catchments will probably increase because of climate warming and consequently increased vegetation cover and ecosystem stability. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract Ciclesonide (Omnaris—Nycomed; Sepracor) is the seventh corticosteroid to be marketed in the United States for intranasal administration in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, joining beclomethasone dipropionate (Beconase AQ), budesonide (Rhinocort Aqua), flunisolide (e.g., Nasarel), fluticasone furoate (Veramyst), fluticasone propionate (e.g., Flonase), mometasone furoate (Nasonex), and triamcinolone acetonide (Nasacort AQ). The new agent is a prodrug that is enzymatically hydrolyzed by esterases in the nasal mucosa to a pharmacologically active metabolite, desciclesonide. It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in October 2006 but not marketed until 2008.


Lagrangian motions of fluid particles in a general velocity field oscillating in time are studied with the use of the two-timing method. Our aims are: (i) to calculate systematically the most general and practically usable asymptotic solutions; (ii) to check the limits of applicability of the two-timing method by calculating the averaged motion without making any assumptions; (iii) to classify various drift motions and find their limits of applicability; (iv) to introduce a logical order into the area under consideration; (v) to open the gate for application of the same ideas to the studying more complex systems. Our approach to study a drift is rather unusual: instead of solving the ODE for trajectories we consider a hyperbolic PDE for a scalar lagrangian field $a(\vx,t)$, trajectories represent the characteristics curves for this PDE. It leads us to purely eulerian description of lagrangian motion, that greatly simplifies the calculations. There are two small scaling parameters in the problem: a ratio of two time-scales and a dimensionless vibrational amplitude. It leads us to the sequence of problems for distinguished limits. We have considered four distinguished limits which differ from each other by the scale of slow time. We have shown that each distinguished limit produces an infinite number of solutions for $a(\vx,t)$. A classical drift appears in the case of a purely oscillating flow. At the same time, we have shown that the concept of drift motion is not sufficient for the description of lagrangian dynamics and some `diffusion' terms do appear. Five examples of different options of drifts and `diffusion' are given.


SUMMARY Employees of coal-fired power stations and people living nearby as well as those involved in the shipment and processing of coal fly ash can be exposed to coal fly ash (pulverised fuel ash or "PFA"). An extensive research program was carried out in order to map such exposure and its effects. Particle size distribution, chemical composition, quartz, radioactivity, emission factors and fugitive dust modelling were studied. PFA is a combustion aerosol, which means that the elements which volatilise during combustion are found mostly on the outside of the particles. Particle size is thus dependent on the concentration of these elements. Occupational limits (TLV's or PELs) generally refer to the inhalable fraction (PM50). Based on more than twenty years of research at Dutch coal-fired power stations, it appears that there exists a relationship, the so called RE factor, between fuel composition and ash composition. For all the elements studied RE factors have been determined: for the total PFA, as well as for the inhalable PFA and the respirable PFA. This relationship is incorporated in the KEMA Trace Model ® , which also enables the ash composition in case of co-combustion to be calculated. The occupational threshold values for nuisance dust apply for PFA. This has been determined using the KEMA Dust Assessment Methodology (KEMA-DAM ® ). In this methodology PFA is interpreted as a mixture of components. The exposure of each individual component is calculated assuming the maximum allowable exposure of inhalable nuisance dust. If the concentration of each individual (trace) element is less than half of its allowed TLV and the concentration of each potential carcinogenic component is less than 0.1%, then the PFA can be regarded as a nuisance dust. So far all the PFA produced, including through co-firing up to 10% (m/m), easily meets this standard.


Polyacrylonitrile hollow fibers are oxidized at three different temperatures and var ious durations, and then further carbonized in nitrogen and activated with carbon dioxide. The influence of oxidation conditions on the properties of the resulting ac tivated hollow carbon fibers is discussed. Activated hollow carbon fibers at the highest oxidation temperature have the lowest mechanical properties, and stick together on the surface due to quick heating during oxidation. The higher the oxidation temper ature, the larger the size of the pores, and the pores are almost always concentrated at the center of the wall of the hollow fiber. However, activated hollow carbon fibers at the lowest oxidation temperature have higher mechanical properties, fewer pores of large size, and larger surface areas, which exhibit greater hysteresis effects in nitrogen adsorbing at low pressure.


In the paper,we take Shaanxi Province,the first batch of low-carbon pilot areas in China,as the research object.Based on the time-series data from 1978 to 2010,we carried out the empirical estimation of per capita carbon dioxide environmental Kuznets curve,then we found that the shape of the curve is N-type,the two inflection points are 3 370.31 yuan and 4 070.06 yuan of GDP per capita.In addition,on one hand,we study the factors that have influence on the carbon dioxide emissions per capita,by using the LMDI(Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index) model to conduct the short-term analysis,we found that per capita income and energy consumption intensity have great impact on carbon dioxide emissions,however energy structure has little impact;on the other hand,by using cointegration equation to conduct long-term analysis,we found that energy consumption intensity,energy structure and the second industrial structure all have great impact on carbon dioxide emissions,of all,the largest is the energy structure.


Aim:To study the effects of nedaplatin( NDP) combined with cetuximab( C225) on the proliferation of cervical carcinoma Hela cell line. Methods:The Hela cells were allocated into C225 groups,NDP groups and combination groups of C225 and NDP( C225 + NDP groups). The concentration of C225 groups was 10,20,40,60,80 and 160 mg/L, the concentration of NDP groups was 1,5,10,20,40 and 60 mg/L; and that of C225 + NDP groups was 40 mg/L C225 plus NDP at different concentrations. Hela cells were treated for 24 h,48 h,72 h. The inhibitory effects of C225 and NDP on the Hela cells were evaluated by MTT. Results:C225 had no inhibitive effects on Hela cells with the increased concentrations and time( P 0. 05). NDP could significantly inhibited the growth of Hela cells,and the inhibition showed concentration and time dependence and interaction( F = 3 200. 480,3 057. 250,and 99. 201,P 0. 001). The combination of C225 and DNP had better inhibitive effects on Hela cells than single use of C225 or NDP( F = 39. 507,P 0. 001). Conclusion:C225 could enhance the inhibition effects of NDP on Hela cell line.


The spatial pattern of striatal dopamine transporter density in the living human brain was tested by duplicate SPECT scans with , or and striatal phantom measurements. The resolution-dependent spatial variation was calculated by the fractal analysis of SPECT images. This variation, which depends on the size of the region of interest, was described by the spatial dispersion i.e. the standard deviation of the count densities divided by the mean density. In each sub-region, the observed and methodological dispersions were computed, and the resulting spatial dispersion was calculated. The methodological dispersion is caused by the imaging resolution, flood field non-uniformity, count density, scatter, reconstruction errors and partial volume effects, whereas the spatial dispersion is based on the cerebral heterogeneity of the dopamine transporter density. Recognition of the normal variation in heterogeneity is important in evaluation of the striatal dopamine transporter density between controls and patients suffering from various neuropsychiatric disorders. Keywords: fractal, heterogeneity, receptor, SPECT, striatum


This paper contains three parts. The first outlines the reasons I believe the time has come to develop a shared disciplinary core for socio-economics. It then turns to the principles that ought to guide us in developing such a core, and finally, suggests several specific elements for such a discipline. While my discussion benefits from a document formulated when SASE, a society founded to advance socio-economics, was first founded, all that follows reflected my current views as to on what is to be done and to feed into a dialogue on this subject. Clearly, the only way such a core can be developed is through an extended and extensive dialogue among those of us who are concerned about the future of socio-economics as an academic discipline, as a basis for public policy, and as a source for our fellow persons to better understand and guide the social and economic world in which we all live.


SUMMARY Procedures are developed for evaluation of the Wilk-Shapiro W statistic to test goodness of fit for the extreme value distribution.. Empirical percentage points are obtained by performing Monte Carlo experiments.


Contents:1. Islamic Utopian Romanticism and the Foreign Policy Culture of Iran2. Inventions of the Iran-Iraq War and the Myth of Endemic "Persian-Arab"Enmity3. Iranian-American Encounters: The Islamic Republic in the NeoconservativeMind4. Iran's Pluralistic Momentum and the Future of Iranian Democracy5. In Place of a Conclusion: Towards Critical Iranian Studies


Growth and food conversion efficiency in Atlantic salmon smolts (Salmo salar) in either fresh water or sea water were not demonstrably affected by varying the level of dietary sodium chloride. Large dietary salt loads were almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tracts offish within 24 h, and plasma sodium and chloride concentrations were positively affected at this time.Irrespective of whether fish were undergoing random, spontaneous activity or an enforced, uniform low level of activity, growth rates and food conversion efficiencies were similar when fish were fed the same ration but different amounts of sodium chloride.A possible explanation is that normal renal function in fresh water provides for large amounts of hypoosmotic urine in which excess sodium chloride may be discharged without great expenditure of energy. However, in sea water, where urine flow is minimal, the main route of excretion for the excess electrolytes is across the gills, a process requiring energy.


A treatment of anionite with an organic reagent sensitive to a specific element transformed the anionite into cationite capable of selective absorption of the element actively reacting with the reagent. It is shown that microgram quantities of thorium can be separated from gram quantities of rare earths, aluminum and iron by means of cationite AB17 saturated with thoron. The method was used for determining to 10/sup -4/% thorium admixtures in oxides and rare earth salts. (R.V.J.)


In the course of present studies on the genus Helvella in Europe the authors have come across 110 American Helvella collections in European herbaria, and ample material was found of a species new to the flora: Helvella connivens. Seventeen species were represented in the Ameri? can material, and some of them are probably hitherto unrecognized in North America, viz. H. lactea Boud., H. fusca Gill. sensu Bres., and H. cupuliformis Diss. & Nannf. The 17 species are listed below. Capital letters indicate the museums where the material is preserved. It should be noted that this survey includes only the species which have been seen by the authors. Concerning American Helvella collections in the mentioned museums, the list is, however, considered to be almost complete. More detailed references to the collections are given by Dissing (1966). H. acetabulum (L. ex St.-Amans)


Based on the moment of inertia as infinitesimal element model of rod,the rotational inertia of the homogeneous thin disk round the fixed axis through the center and in the plane of the disc is calculated by three different approaches.


Analytical models for the inelastic behavior and ductility capacity of reinforced concrete bridge piers under earthquake are presented in Part I of this two-part paper. Part II presents experimental verification and results from numerical simulations. A general purpose finite element analysis program implementing the reinforced concrete plane stress element and the interface element is developed. Nonlinear analysis results for various reinforced concrete bridge piers subjected to given seismic loading show reasonable agreement with the recorded experimental data, and this validates that the models may be appropriately used as constitutive models for inelastic analyses of reinforced concrete bridge piers under earthquake. The displacement ductility capacity is computed for the members, and a seismic design method for reinforced concrete bridge piers considering the response modification factor is discussed.


The marine globin dehaloperoxidase‐hemoglobin (DHP) from Amphitrite ornata was found to catalyze the H2O2‐dependent oxidation of monohaloindoles, a previously unreported class of substrate for DHP. Using 5‐Br‐indole as a representative substrate, the major monooxygenated products were found to be 5‐Br‐2‐oxindole and 5‐Br‐3‐oxindolenine. Isotope labeling studies confirmed that the oxygen atom incorporated was derived exclusively from H2O2, indicative of a previously unreported peroxygenase activity for DHP. Peroxygenase activity could be initiated from either the ferric or oxyferrous states with equivalent substrate conversion and product distribution. It was found that 5‐Br‐3‐oxindole, a precursor of the product 5‐Br‐3‐oxindolenine, readily reduced the ferric enzyme to the oxyferrous state, demonstrating an unusual product‐driven reduction of the enzyme. As such, DHP returns to the globin‐active oxyferrous form after peroxygenase activity ceases. Reactivity with 5‐Br‐3‐oxindole in the absence of H2O2 also yielded 5,5'‐Br2‐indigo above the expected reaction stoichiometry under aerobic conditions, and O2‐concentration studies demonstrated dioxygen consumption. Non‐enzymatic and anaerobic controls both confirmed the requirements for DHP and molecular oxygen in the catalytic generation of 5,5'‐Br2‐indigo, and together suggest a novel oxidase activity for DHP.


We study the problem of separation of variables for classical integrable Hamiltonian systems governed by non-skew-symmetric non-dynamical so(3)⊗so(3)-valued elliptic r-matrices with spectral parameters. We consider several examples of such models, and perform separation of variables for classical anisotropic one- and two-spin Gaudin-type models in an external magnetic field, and for Jaynes–Cummings–Dicke-type models without the rotating wave approximation.


AbstractIn this paper we present a methodology that plays an important role in identifying crucial knowledge. Thus, we have developed a method based on three phases. In the first phase, we have used GAMETH® to identify the set of "reference crucial knowledge". During the second phase, decision rules are inferred, through rough sets theory, from decision assignments provided by the decision maker(s). In the third phase, a multicriteria classification of "potential crucial knowledge" is performed on the basis of the decision rules that have been collectively identified by the decision maker(s).


Qualitative judgments play an essential role in the assessment of student achievements in all subjects. This Discussion Paper contains a definition of qualitative judgments, a discussion of the meanings of subjectivity and objectivity, and a statement of certain conditions that must be satisfied if qualitative judgments are to enjoy a high level of credibility.


The present document shows and explains the results from analyzing shape descriptors (DESIRE and Spherical Spin Image) for facial recognition of 3D images. DESIRE is a descriptor made of depth images, silhouettes and rays extended from a polygonal mesh; whereas the Spherical Spin Image (SSI) associated to a polygonal mesh point, is a 2D histogram built from neighboring points by using the position information that captures features of the local shape. The database used contains images of facial expressions which in average were recognized 88.16% using a neuronal network and 91.11% with a Bayesian classifier in the case of the first descriptor; in contrast, the second descriptor only recognizes in average 32% and 23,6% using the same mentioned classifiers respectively.


A growing number of school districts in the United States are introducing formative assessment systems to measure student skills in core subjects throughout the year. The underlying logic is that providing teachers with timely information on student skills will enable them to improve instruction and better prepare students to excel on high‐stakes, state‐mandated tests. This article describes lessons learned from one large urban district's attempts to implement a formative assessment system. Based on interviews with teachers and administrators, the article sheds light on the difficult choices educators face in choosing formative assessments and deciding how to use them.


Since the launch of the policy of reform and opening up, the number of Chinese private enterprises has surged, and their social status has also continuously improved. This essay provides a perspective based on an investigation on private entrepreneurs in five cities in Zhejiang Province and Shanghai. Results show that, although private entrepreneurs achieved higher social status, most of them express deep concern for their security. Four main factors account for private entrepreneurs' lack of security: difficulty in obtaining equal protection of private property; the risk of criminal charges that threaten personal safety; the growing culture of hatred against rich people; and doubts over changes on the state political ideology, the latter causing the most anxiety among entrepreneurs. This essay proves that, although the state regulates some private entrepreneurs in stages due to social justice pressures and to the need to ensure a stable governance, no overall ideology transformation may overturn the economic policies in the private sector.


We report on the design and performance of the Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI), a general purpose optical integral field spectrograph that has been installed at the Nasmyth port of the 10 m Keck II telescope on Maunakea, Hawaii. The novel design provides blue-optimized seeing-limited imaging from 350–560 nm with configurable spectral resolution from 1000–20,000 in a field of view up to 20″ × 33″. Selectable volume phase holographic (VPH) gratings and high-performance dielectric, multilayer silver, and enhanced-aluminum coatings provide end-to-end peak efficiency in excess of 45% while accommodating the future addition of a red channel that will extend wavelength coverage to 1 micron. KCWI takes full advantage of the excellent seeing and dark sky above Maunakea with an available nod-and-shuffle observing mode. The instrument is optimized for observations of faint, diffuse objects such as the intergalactic medium or cosmic web. In this paper, a detailed description of the instrument design is provided with measured performance results from the laboratory test program and 10 nights of on-sky commissioning during the spring of 2017. The KCWI team is lead by Caltech and JPL (project management, design, and implementation) in partnership with the University of California at Santa Cruz (camera optical and mechanical design) and the W. M. Keck Observatory (observatory interfaces).


1 Acting Like a Thief , dir. Shashwati Talukdar (DVD: Four Nine and a Half Productions, 2006 ), accessed September 9, 2009 < http://www.hoochandhamlet. com > . 2 Lieutenant Governor of Bengal in Council, " Act No. XXVII (An Act for the Registration of Criminal Tribes and Eunuchs), " The Legislative Acts of 1871 (Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and Co., 1871 ), 278. 3 V. Lalita, The Making of Criminal Tribes: Patterns and Transition (Madras: New Era, 1995 ), 9. 4 " Colonial Act Still Haunts Denotifi ed Tribes: Expert, " The Hindu , March 27, 2008, accessed September 9, 2009 < http://www.hindu.com/2008/03/27/ stories/2008032752100300.htm > . A good general introduction to the issue is Dilip D ' Souza, Branded by Law: Looking at India ' s Criminal Tribes (New Delhi: Penguin India, 2000 ). 5 Cited in Barbara D. Metcalf and Thomas R. Metcalf, A Concise History of Modern India (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001 ), 81. 6 Bernard S. Cohn, " Representing Authority in British India, " The Invention of Tradition , eds. Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983 ), 165 – 210. 7 Radhika Singha, A Despotism of Law: Crime and Justice in Early Colonial India (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1998 ). 8 Dirk H. A. Kolff, Naukar, Rajput, and Sepoy: South Asian History and the Military Labor Market in Hindustan, 1450 – 1850 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990 ), 179. 9 Quoted in Radhika Singha, " ' Providential ' Circumstances: The Thuggee Campaign of the 1830s and Legal Innovation, " Modern Asian Studies 27.1 (1993) : 85. 10 Dakxin Bajrange, " Budhan, " trans. Sonal Baxi, Painted Words: An Anthology of Tribal Literature , ed. G. N. Devy (New Delhi: Penguin Books, 2002 ), 263. Notes


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the in situ absorption kinetics of sirolimus at different intestine segments in rats.METHODS: The intestine in rats was cannulated for in situ perfusion with absorption rate constant(Ka) as index.The effects of absorption site,drug concentration of sirolimus and pH value on sirolimus absorption ability were studied.RESULTS: The Ka of sirolimus at duodenum,jejunum,ileum and colon were 0.197,0.158,0.122 and 0.083 h-1,respectively.At the concentration of 2,5,10 and 20 μg·mL-1 from the whole intestine,Ka were 0.246,0.187,0.215 and 0.232 h-1,respectively.Ka at pH of 5.4,6.8,7.4 from the whole intestine were 0.279,0.297 and 0.285 h-1,respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The absorption of sirolimus assumed first-order kinetics with the passive diffusion absorption mechanism.And concentration and pH of the drug solution had no effect on the absorption kinetics.The absorption at duodenum,jejunu,ileum and colon was degraded in order.


At the output of a high-finesse cavity a succession of Lissajous patterns may be observed as the cavity length is finely tuned inside a "degenerate region" around a reentrant spherical configuration. This behavior is ascribed to a small parasitic astigmatism of the cavity mirrors. Simple geometrical optics modeling confirms this hypothesis, and then a more realistic analysis using transverse Gaussian modes reveals that the Lissajous patterns correspond to an organization of the astigmatism-split modes into a finer substructure of degenerate modes relative to that of a reentrant spherical cavity. This provides a thorough understanding of the field patterns observed in the degenerate region, including an intriguing spatial symmetry of the patterns corresponding to opposite displacements with respect to a specific central cavity length. This investigation represents a generalization of the theory of reentrant spherical cavities to the astigmatic case.


The seasonal progress of wood production and variation in tracheid dimensions were followed systematically along the trunk and main branches of Piceasitchensis trees and analysed in relation to the distribution of light intensity and leaf weight as the canopy develops. The aim was to provide data towards building models to predict effects of management on within-tree patterns of wood production and structure. Tracheid production began earliest at the tips of branches towards the base of the crown; the data show that tracheid production in the main stem began earliest several internodes below the leader, its onset progressing faster and having a shorter distance to travel down the upper branches. Tracheid production appeared to cease simultaneously throughout the trunk in codominant trees; it ceased earlier in severely suppressed trees, which consequently produced little or no latewood.In the main stem, maximum ring width occurred at least one internode above that carrying maximum total leaf dry weight. Ma...


Abstract The Minkowski question mark function ?(x) arises as a real distribution of rationals in the Farey tree. We examine the generating function of moments of ?(x). It appears that the generating function is a direct dyadic analogue of period functions for Maass wave forms and it is defined in the cut plane \ (1, ∞). The exponential generating function satisfies an integral equation with kernel being the Bessel function. The solution of this integral equation leads to the definition of dyadic eigenfunctions, arising from a certain Hilbert–Schmidt operator. Finally, we describe p-adic distribution of rationals in the Stern–Brocot tree. Surprisingly, the Eisenstein series G2(z) does manifest in both real and p-adic cases.


ABSTRACT Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HCAs) are mutagenic compounds formed when foods are cooked at high temperatures. The objective of this study was to examine the efficiency of the grape seed extract (GSE) on the formation of HACs in beef and chicken meatballs cooked by four different cooking techniques (oven roasting, pan cooking, charcoal-barbecue, and deep-fat frying). Six HCAs; 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (4,8-DiMeIQx), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), 9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (norharman), and 1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (harman) were measured. In addition, cooking losses, total phenolics, and radical-scavenging activities were determined. In the beef meatballs, the highest inhibitory effects were 69% for norharman, 65% for IQ, 65% for PhIP, and 59% for MeIQx, while in chicken meatballs were 73% for PhIP, 52% for IQ, 37% for MeIQx, and 31% for norharman. Results of this study suggested that addition of GSE can be an important factor in decreasing the levels of total HCAs in charcoal-barbecued beef meatballs (65%) and oven roasted chicken meatballs (37%).


Isaac Bashevis Singer (1904-1991) - Nobel prize laureate (1978) in literature, and one of the most prominent Yiddish writers in the 20th century - was among the young men who flocked to the capital. The Yiddish theatre - which played a significant role in Warsaw's cultural life - is hardly mentioned in Bashevis' works. His work offers scant information on the Yiddish theater, its repertoire and its audience, and when a theatrical reference is given it is usually short, one-sided and reveals the author's negative attitude toward the Yiddish stage. Bashevis devoted much attention in his works to a rich gallery of female characters. Male actors are even rarer in Bashevis's works. Reading Bashevis's few descriptions of the Yiddish theater one cannot ignore the echoes of the words and deeds of previous generations. Keywords: female characters; Isaac Bashevis Singer; male actors; Yiddish stage; Yiddish theatre


Vortex methods have become useful tools for the computation of incompressible fluid flow. In the present work, a vortex particle method for the simulation of unsteady two-dimensional compressible flow is developed and applied to several problems. The method is the first Langrangian simulation method for the full compressible Navier-Stokes equations. By decomposing the velocity into irrotational and solenoidal parts, and using particles that are able to change volume and that carry vorticity, dilation, enthalpy, entropy, and density, the equations of motion are satisfied. A general deterministic treatment of spatial derivatives in particle methods is developed by extending the method of particle strength exchange through the construction of higher-order-accurate, non-dissipative kernels for use in approximating arbitrary differential operators. The application of this technique to wave propagation problems is thoroughly explored. A one-sided operator is developed for approximating derivatives near the periphery of particle coverage; the operator is used to enforce a non-reflecting boundary condition for the absorption of acoustic waves at this periphery. Remeshing of the particles and the smooth interpolation of their strengths are addressed, and a criterion for the frequency of remeshing is developed on the principle axes of the rate-of-strain tensor. The fast multipole method for the fast summation of the velocity field is adapted for use with compressible particles. The new vortex method is applied to co-rotating and leapfrogging vortices in compressible flow, with the acoustic field computed using a two-dimensional Kirchoff surface, and the results agree will with those of previous work or analytical prediction. The method is also applied to the baroclinic generation of vorticity, and to the steepening of waves in the one-dimensional Burgers' equation, with favorable results in both case


Rapid solidification of bulk Ag 42.4 Cu 21.6 Sb 36 ternary eutectic alloy is accomplished by glass fluxing method, during which the maximum undercooling attains 114 K (0.16 T E ). Under high undercooling conditions, the ternary eutectic consists of e(Ag 3 Sb), (Sb) and θ(Cu 2 Sb) phases, instead of (Ag), (Sb) and θ phases as predicted by the phase diagram. In the sample of small undercooling, the alloy microstructure is characterized by the mixture of primary θ(Cu 2 Sb), (e+θ) and (e+Sb) pseudobinary eutectics, and regular (e+θ+Sb) ternary eutectic. With the increase of undercooling, θ(Cu 2 Sb) primary phase and pseudobinary eutectics disappear gradually, and ternary eutectic transfers from regular to anomalous structure. When undercooling exceeds 102 K, anomalous (e+θ+Sb) ternary eutectic is the unique microstructure. Competitive nucleation and growth of these three eutectic phases is the main cause for the formation of complex growth morphologies. Based on the current experiments and theoretical calculations, it can be concluded that the intermetallic compound phase θ(Cu 2 Sb) is the leading nucleating phase.


Review of: Chiara Mengozzi, ed. Outside the Anthropological Machine: Crossing the Human–Animal Divide and Other Exit Strategies. Perspectives on the Non-Human in Literature and Culture. London: Routledge, 2021. vii + 283 pp., 23 b/w ill. £104.00 (hb); £29.59 (pb, eB)


The coagulation cascade is composed of a series of linked proteolytic reactions. At each stage of the mechanism, a parent zymogen is converted to a corresponding serine protease, which is responsible for a subsequent zymogen-serine protease transition. In most instances, protein cofactors are present that can be activated by serine proteases and then possess the ability to bind the above reactants to specific cell surfaces. This process usually leads to a dramatic acceleration as well as a partial localization of the reactions. The end result of these transformations is the generation ofthrombin, which is able to act upon fibrinogen and platelets to produce the hemostatic plug. Given the above information, there has been a tendency to consider the coagulation cascade as a multi-stage amplifying system in which the development ofan initial pathologic stimulus would lead to an explosive thrombotic outcome. During the past decade, considerable effort has been devoted to investigating several natural anticoagulant mechanisms that are able to exert a damping effect upon the coagulation cascade. These studies have significantly altered our understanding of the functioning of the hemostatic mechanism within the vascular tree. In this review, we shall discuss recent advances in our knowledge of the biochemistry and pathophysiology of three major anticoagulant mechanisms that are directed at regulating the three different types of protein transformations that are known to occur within the coagulation system. The latter events include generation of serine proteases, production of activated cofactors, and polymerization of fibrin. No attempt has been made to consider anticoagulant mechanisms that are able to modulate the behavior of platelets since this area of investigation is suf-


A new non-destructive pipe inspection method, ultrasonic guided wave method as well as the comparison between ultrasonics and guided waves is introduced. An investigation of the guided ultrasonic waves traveling along pipes with fluid loading on the inside and outside of the pipe is described. The effect of inner and outer media has been researched by considering a steel pipe with air and water inside and outside the experimental pipe. Site experiment was carried out on a heating pipe in the resident area of Bohai Oil Company, China. A typical cylindrical guided wave, longitudinal guided wave was used to examine pipes with artificial defects and its propagation characteristics along the pipe were studied. Good agreement has been obtained between the experiments and predictions for pipes with different loading on the pipe.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


The invention discloses a modal fiber and viscose combing blending spinning technology. The process comprises causing modal fiber and viscose to respectively undergo an opening picking process, carding process and drawing process production line to obtain modal pre-drawing strips quantified to be W1 and viscose pre-drawing strips quantified to be W2; according to the blending ratio requirements, simultaneously feeding N1 modal pre-drawing strips and N2 viscose pre-drawing strips into a draw frame and lap machine combined to be manufactured into small mixed reels; feeding the manufactured small mixed reels into a combing machine for processing to obtain blending combing strips, and spinning blended yarn through two drawing processes, a rough yarn process and a spun yarn process. According to the modal fiber and viscose combing blending spinning technology, the mixing of the fibers is advanced to the draw frame and lap machine combined process, the fibers are mixed more evenly, one drawing process can be omitted, and the cost is reduced. The processing requirements during the extreme small mixing proportion is achieved; neps and slubs are reduced obviously, the evenness and strength are improved, and the processing requirements of high-grade farics are met.


Here is a country in which a new business can be registered online in five minutes; in which an "e-Cabinet" makes legislation decisions without need of wasted paperwork and time; and yet, social services still need improving. In this way, Estonia has an enormous opportunity for the use of design in social innovation.

Estonia is a country with one foot in the future and the other in the past. Can design help to bridge the gap?


Supernumerary teeth are commonly encountered in our day to day life by the general dentist. Most supernumerary teeth are located in the maxilla with male predilection. Detection of supernumerary teeth is best achieved by thorough clinical and radiographic examination. Their management should form part of a comprehensive treatment plan.
This article presents a clinical and radiographic study of hundred cases of supernumerary teeth and an overview of the clinical problems associated with supernumerary teeth.


Objective To discuss the effect of key contact point on carrying out the service of the high - quality nursing care for hemodialysis patients.Methods To survey the key contact point of 60 patients with questionnaire,and make the corresponding nursing countermeasure according on it.Results Increasing the dialysis compliance of the patients,and increasing the satisfaction rate.Simultaneously,the whole diathesis of nursing staff was improved obviiously,and the awareness of service enhanced.Conclusion Directing to the key contact point to carry out the high - quality nursing care for patients can increase the satisfacation rate of the nursing care better by patients.


Crystal field investigations play a central role in the studies of rare earth doped semiconductors. Optical stark level spectroscopy and lattice location studies of radioactive rare earth isotopes implanted at ISOLDE have provided important insight into these systems during the last years. It has been shown that despite a major site preference of the probe atoms in the lattice, several defect configurations do exist. These sites are visible in the optical spectra but their origin and nature aren't deducible from these spectra alone. Hyperfine measurements on the other hand should reveal these defect configurations and yield the parameters necessary for a description of the optical properties at the atomic scale. In order to study the crystal field with this alternative approach, we propose a new concept for perturbed γγ-angular correlation (PAC) experiments at ISOLDE based on digital signal processing in contrast to earlier analog setups. The general functionality of the spectrometer is explained and its advantages are pointed to selected experiments with several rare earth isotopes implanted in wide band gap semiconductors, motivated by open questions important for a fundamental comprehension of the optical and magnetic properties of such systems. For a comprehensive picture of the physical situation the PAC measurements will be combined with photo-luminescence (PL) and emission channeling (EC) lattice location studies.


President Xi Jinping delivered a keynote speech at the opening ceremony of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation CEO summit,pledging that all countries in the Asia Pacific region shall work and connect with each other.The connectivity and infrastructural construction of Asia Pacific region is the precondition for regional economic integration and provides drivers for long-term economic growth.


Abstract The 19–20-year effects of mechanical site preparation, windrow burning, chemical site preparation, and postplanting vegetation control on survival and growth of planted white spruce are reported from two boreal sites in British Columbia, Canada. Survival differed between treatments at both sites, but was relatively good (≥77%) even in untreated plots. Current data regarding the proportion of spruce that were physically overtopped by vegetation and previous results from related soils and vegetation studies suggest that lasting reductions in tall shrub and aspen abundance were more important to spruce growth than early microenvironmental effects associated with manipulating the rooting environment. At Inga Lake, postplanting vegetation control produced a 13-fold increase in spruce volume over the control after 19 years, which was statistically equivalent to increases resulting from fine mixing, plow-inverting and windrow burning site preparation treatments. At Iron Creek, chemical site preparation and plow-inverting quadrupled spruce volume, whereas mounding, patch scarification and disc trenching were ineffective. Growth and yield simulations using treatment-specific site index curves for Inga Lake suggested that rotation length could be shortened by 12–16 years through the use of site preparation or postplanting vegetation control. However, untreated areas, due to the relatively good survival of white spruce at age 19, were predicted to produce equivalent volume if left to grow to mean annual increment culmination age.


The experiment was conducted to assessment the nature and magnitude of heterosis for grain yield and its contributing traits using 10 x 10 half-diallel fashion under normal sown condition. The maximum heterosis range has been assessed for yield and its contributing traits. The heterosis ranged observed for grain yield per plant from -4.84 per cent to 67.82 per cent. Among the eleven crosses, two crosses DPW 621-50 x Raj 4079 and Raj 4037 x Raj 4079 exhibiting desired significant heterosis and heterobeltiosis for yield and its contributing traits. These crosses might be exploited for finding transgressive segregants for improvement of yield and yield contributing traits in bread wheat


Genes in Triticum turgidum and Aegilops tauschii can be simultaneously transferred to Synthetic hexaploid wheat(SHW).SHW aneuploids may be spontaneously formed by the union of aneuhaploid gametes,derived from meiotic restitution from the F1 hybrids of T.turgidum with Ae.tauschii,or produced by cytological instability of new SHWs.These SHW aneuploids are useful in chromosomal location of genes specific for T.turgidum and Ae.tauschii.This cytological method for gene location involves four main steps: ①screening out T.turgidum or Ae.tauschii genotype with desirable gene;②producing new SHWs by hybrids of T.turgidum with Ae.tauschii;③finding the SHW plants with contrast phenotypes for analyzed character;④identifying SHW aneuploids lacking the chromosome carrying desirable gene.This method can conduct two tasks,transferring gene from T.turgidum or Ae.tauschii to hexaploid wheat and locating the transferred gene.


In accordance with the running condition of the object train stopped at the stop target as desired train is without outputting brake unnecessarily by outputting an appropriate braking command. SOLUTION onboard computing unit 6, the acceleration estimating unit 18 determines the current presence or absence of the acceleration 113 of the train 1, the current estimated acceleration 113 based on the vehicle information 107 acquired from the vehicle performance management unit 14, the pattern operation the parts 15, by when the train 1 is the acceleration state, to create a brake command pattern 108 as running at the current acceleration 113, in the case of coasting state, the vehicle propulsion control of a vehicle's own train 1 to create a brake command pattern 108 as no acceleration.


Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of intravenous iron supplementation versus oral iron supplementation on anemia in patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (ND-CKD) by the method of systematic evaluation.

Methods
By computer and manual search until December 1, 2017, the EMBASE, PUBMED, and Cochrane Library were searched for all the randomized controlled trials (RCT) on the efficacy of intravenous iron supplementation or oral iron supplementation for anemia patients with ND-CKD. Statistical analyses were conducted with the RevMan Version 5 software for meta-analysis.

Results
A total of 11 foreign language RCT studies were included, totaling 1 707 patients, including 852 cases of intravenous iron supplementation and 855 cases of oral iron supplementation. The results of the analyses showed that the intravenous iron supplementation significantly increased the levels of hemoglobin (WMD 0.39 g/dl, 95%CI 0.26-0.52, P<0.0001), transferrin saturation (TSAT) (WMD 3.97%, 95%CI 2.24-5.7, P<0.0001), and ferritin (WMD, 244.51 ng/ml, 95%CI 185.51-303.52, P<0.0001), compared with oral iron supplementation. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two iron supplementation methods (RR 0.79, 95%CI 0.44-1.44, P=0.45).

Conclusion
The intravenous iron supplementation method was more effective in treating anemia patients with ND-CKD than the oral iron supplementation method.

Key words:
Oral iron supplementation; Intravenous iron supplementation; Anemia; Non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease; Meta-analysis


The sympathetic nervous system response to endotoxicosis was studied in the rat at ages before (11-12 days) and after (19-20 days) maturation of the baroreflex and in adults by recording preganglionic impulses during i.v. infusions of endotoxin (S. enteriditis). At all ages, the discharge rate increased before there was any decrease in arterial blood pressure. The magnitude of the increase (65%) was the same in 11-12 days-old and adult rats while 19-20 days-old rats were hyperactive (278% increase). Subsequently, in the hypotensive phase of the endotoxicosis (diastolic pressure decrease 50-60%) there was an additional increase in discharge in the 19-20 days- old rats (43% and in adults (70%) but not in 11-12 days-old rats. The hypotensive discharge rate of the 11-12 days-old rat reached only 20% of the maximum; it reached 80% in the hyperactive 19-20 days-old rat and 65% in adults. At all ages, the elevated hypotensive discharge rate persisted after steady state blood pressure was raised by infusing dextran. The discharge rate was diminished transiently during pressor responses to accelerated infusion or bolus injections of dextran. The conclusions are: (i) endotoxic stimulation of sympathetic outflow is initiated by a non-baroreflex mechanism in adult as well as in pre-weaning rats; (ii) there is added stimulation during hypotension after the baroreflex is mature, but (iii) the non-baroreflex stimulation continues to excite the preganglionic neurons and obtunds baroreflex feedback inhibition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


The near field and dynamics of surface plasmons are probed by photoemission electron microscopy. In particular, we reveal plasmon interaction in strong coupling region and observed ultrafast dynamics of plasmons in the coupled plasmonic systems.


Telephone traffic is shown to be a reliable indicator of functional ties, with morning peak calls concentratedalong hierarchical pathways andevening peak calls more sensitive to population and distance. Traffic dispersion incident to each centre is systematically related to the size of the centre and to the size and spacing of interacting centres. Metropolitan orientation has a powerful effect on traffic dispersion in all situations and, in the more centralised states, negates the relationship between centre size and dispersion and converts the customary distance-decay cones into an elevated surface of strong metropolitan orientation, broken by inverted cones around a few regional centres. Middle-order nodal regions are delineated and intra-regional flows analysed using primary linkage and standardised scores. Three distinctive systems of regional-ordering are described, namely metropolitan-dominated, provincial-city dominated and multi-ordered.


We study a set of Run-and-tumble particle (RTP) dynamics in two spatial dimensions. In the first case of the orientation {\theta} of the particle can assume a set of n possible discrete values while in the second case {\theta} is a continuous variable. We calculate exactly the marginal position distributions for n = 3,4 and the continuous case and show that in all the cases the RTP shows a cross-over from a ballistic to diffusive regime. The ballistic regime is a typical signature of the active nature of the systems and is characterized by non-trivial position distributions which depends on the specific model. We also show that, the signature of activity at long-times can be found in the atypical fluctuations which we also characterize by computing the large deviation functions explicitly.


Analytical Network process (ANP), is applied here as a decision making technique for the selection of appropriate robots for industrial and automation applications. The core motivation of applying, in particular, the ANP technique is that robot selection is dependent upon a number of attributes and criteria which have strong influences/interdependencies upon each other. The ANP, as a multiple attribute decision making (MADM) technique for robot selection, captures the effects of these cross hierarchical dependencies, and appropriately maps the influences within the clusters and between the various alternatives. Simultaneously, the technique does not include the assumption of independence of higher-level elements from lower level elements and about the independence of the elements within a level. First, a set of attributes, which influence the selection of the robots, are identified. Next, using the various steps of ANP, viz., pair wise comparisons matrices and priority vectors determination and the development of the super-matrix the global weights of the attributes with respect to other attributes are determined. The final alternatives are then rated as per the graduated weights of the respective attributes. Thus, a comprehensive solution towards selection of robots enabling the decision-makers to suitably understand the complex relationships of the relevant qualitative and quantitative attributes in the decision-making is obtained. The technique is also illustrated using detailed analysis for a specific case of decision making between three robot suppliers and selection of appropriate robot from alternatives. In order to get more insight into relationships among various attributes and their effect on decision makers, the sensitivity analysis of the results with respect to determinant level attributes is carried out.


Objective:A quantitative understanding of the interface stress distribution between prosthetic socket and residual limb is fundamental for an optimal design of artificical limb. Method: The geometry of residual limb and prosthesis was obtained based on MR images, a 3D nonlinear finite element(FE)model was developed.The interface stresses were compared between walking and standing state, and the effect of dynamic loads of interface stress was investigated.Result:Interface stress was mainly distributed at patella tendon,lateral tibia,media tibia and popliteal pit regions,and the average peak interface pressure during walking was 1.15 times as the one with single-leg standing,and the shear stress was 1.4 times. Conclusion:Interface stress between the residual limb and prosthetic socket increases due to the dynamic loads.The dynamic effects during walking can′t be ignored.Author′s address Dept. of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084


The present invention relates to a separator which has excellent heat resistance and also excellent adhesion with electrodes, and thus, when used in a battery, improves shape retention and stability of the battery. In particular, the present invention relates to a porous separator comprising: a porous base film; a first coating layer formed on one side of the porous base film and containing inorganic particles; and a second coating layer formed on the other side of the porous base film and containing any one selected from the group consisting of: styrene-butadiene rubber, carboxymethyl cellulose, poly butyl acrylate, and ethylene vinyl acetate, or a mixture thereof, wherein the adhesive force between the second coating layer and a negative electrode of a battery is 20 gf/cm or greater.


The lubricating oil sample was digested with conc.HNO3 under moderate heating,and the sample solution obtained after incomplete digestion was emulsified with Triton X-100 and Tween 80 to make it a homogeneous and transparent or semitransparent,yellowish orange or yellowish green colored solution.The solution was diluted to 25 mL in a volumetric flask and used for FAAS determination of calcium and zinc.Analytical conditions,including the acid and emulsifying agent used in the in complete digestion of sample as well as the chemical interferences,background interference and consistency of viscosities between blank solution and sample solution were studied and optimized.Linear relationships between the absorbance and concentration of calcium and zinc were obtained in the ranges of 0-12 mg·L-1 and 0-1.6 mg·L-1 respectively.Detection limits(3σ/s) of the method were found as 0.14 mg·L-1(for Ca),and 0.018 mg·L-1(for Zn).In its application to the analysis of substantial oil samples,values of RSD′s(n=6) obtained were less than 5%,and values of recovery test were in the range of 97.0%-104.8% for both elements.


Air pollution is the number one environmental cause of premature deaths in Europe. Despite extensive regulations, air pollution remains a challenging issue, especially in urban areas. For studying air quality in the Berlin-Brandenburg region of Germany the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) is set up and evaluated against meteorological and air quality observations from monitoring stations as well as from a field campaign conducted in 2014 (incl. black carbon, VOCs as well as mobile measurements of particle size distribution and particle mass). The model setup includes 3 nested domains with horizontal resolutions of 15km, 3km, and 1km, online biogenic emissions using MEGAN 2.0, and anthropogenic emissions from the TNO-MACC-II inventory.

This work serves as a basis for future studies on different aspects of air pollution in the Berlin-Brandenburg region, including how heat waves affect emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) from urban vegetation (summer 2006) and the impact of selected traffic measures on air quality in the Berlin-Brandenburg area (summer 2014).

The model represents the meteorology as observed in the region well for both periods. An exception is the heat wave period in 2006, where the temperature simulated with 3km and 1km resolutions is biased low by around 2°C for urban built-up stations.

First results of simulations with chemistry show that, on average, WRF-Chem simulates concentrations of O3 well. However, the 8 hr maxima are underestimated, and the minima are overestimated. While NOx daily means are modeled reasonably well for urban stations, they are overestimated for suburban stations. PM10 concentrations are underestimated by the model. The biases and correlation coefficients of simulated O3, NOx, and PM10 in comparison to surface observations do not show improvements for the 1km domain in comparison to the 3km domain.

To improve the model performance of the 1km domain we will include an updated emission inventory (TNO-MACC-III) as well as the interpolation of the emission data from 7km to a 1km resolution.


We consider the group property of being icc. We give several examples of icc groups and study its stability under usual algebraic constructions.


Antireductionist philosophers have argued for higher-order classifications of qualia that locate consciousness outside the scope of conventional scientific explanations, viz., by classifying qualia as intrinsic, basic, or subjective properties, antireductionists distinguish qualia from extrinsic, complex, and objective properties, and thereby distinguish conscious mental states from the possible explananda of functionalist or physicalist explanations. I argue that, in important respects, qualia are intrinsic, basic, and subjective properties of conscious mental states, and that, contrary to antireductionists' suggestions, these higher-order classifications are compatible with qualia reduction. I demonstrate this compatibility by examining the putative higher-order properties of qualia and comparing them to the higher-order properties characteristic of connectionist models of cognitive processes. I contend that the higher-order properties characteristic of connectionist networks approximate (in intertheoretic terms) the putative higher-order properties of qualia sufficiently well to conclude that qualia reductionism can (1) accommodate claims that qualia are intrinsic, basic, and subjective properties, and (2) explain the motivating intuitions for those claims generated by inverted, absent, and alien qualia thought experiments. In this way I argue that (approximate versions of) the putative higher-order classifications of qualia not only fail to defeat qualia reduction but, ironically, turn out to support it.


Clinicopathological changes of graded dose levels of levofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone chemotherapeutic agent, were studied in croiler chickens. Birds administered orally with therapeutic dose of levofloxacin (60mg/kg b.wt.) developed mild gastrointestinal signs, anaemia, leucopenia, hypoglycemia, hypoproteinemia and increased transaminase activity. Double and triple therapeutic doses produced severe gastrointestinal signs, partial loss of body weight, droopiness and leg weakness accompanied with significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01) anaemia, leucopenia, hypoglycemia, hypoproteinemia and increased transaminase activity.


We report carbon emissions and savings (tonnesCO2) of the STOR programme based on data from a UK demand response aggregator company that utilises diesel generators, CHP and turn down methods. Short-Term Operating Reserve, STOR, is one of the Demand Side Response (DSR) programme that are being run by the National Grid in the UK. The purpose of STOR programme is to reduce the load on the energy system by means of various subsitution and reduction techniques. In particular, STOR allows its subscribed providers to generate substituting power. In the STOR programme we study carbon savings based on data obtained from a UK based response aggregator company. This company provides various types of intervention (using diesel generators, Combined-Heat and Power (CHP) and demand reduction (turn-down)) at times of peak demand. Whether such DSR produces carbon savings or not, depends on the used technologies, as well as the scale of the interventions.


A new, efficient synthesis of natural (+)-isodrimenin (1a) from manool is reported. This synthesis consists of the following key steps. The cyclic peroxide (3), obtained from the diene (2) by photo-oxygenation in meso-tetraphenylporphine in carbon tetrachloride, was epoxidised to protect the Δ8.9-double bond. The epoxy-peroxide (5) thus obtained smoothly underwent ferrous sulphate-catalysed rearrangement to the epoxy-lactol (6a), which on oxidation with Sarett reagent led to the epoxy-lactone (6b). Deoxygenation of (6b) with pentacarbonyliron in N,N-dimethylacetamide afforded the α,β-unsaturated lactone (1a).


I don't suppose there is any area of the law where law and accounting get as closely interlaced as they do in securities law. As a consequence of the enactment of the 1933 and 1934 Acts, I think lawyers have come to a new realization of the role of accountants in making disclosure. Accountants have been burdened with large additional responsibilities and liabilities. I think it is a fair statement that the most important disclosures that are in most of the filings with the SEC are what you might describe as "number" disclosures. They include the disclosures of assets, liabilities, shareholders' equities, earnings per share, all items that are covered by the accountant's opinion, as well as those matters of financial disclosure that are the full responsibility of the company, e. g. interim earnings statements. Basically what the Commission is proposing is that there be a disclosure of a new set of numbers, in other words, that the numbers that appear now in the SEC filings be broken down in some fashion to make disclosure as to product line, division, subsidiary, or whatever you want to call it, results. Most of you, I think, know the history of this proposal. In 1965, Senator Hart as Chairman of the Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Committee was hearing testimony with regard to monopoly and economic concentration. A Professor Joel Diriam from Rhode Island University suggested that economists and anti-trust enforcement people were hampered by the absence of detailed information concerning concentrations in industry because the information they needed was buried in the financial statements of conglomerates. Senator Hart or one of his staff members felt the Securities and Ex-


This paper develops an improved hybrid optimization algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and a genetic algorithm (GA). First, the population is evolved over a certain number of generations by PSO and the best M particles are retained, with the remaining particles excluded. Second, new individuals are generated by implementing selection, crossover and mutation GA operators for the best M particles. Finally, the new individuals are combined with the best M particles to form new a population for the next generation. The algorithm can exchange information several times during evolution so that the complement of two algorithms can be more fully exploited. The proposed method is applied to fifteen benchmark optimization problems and the results obtained show an improvement over published methods. The impact of M on algorithm performance is also discussed.


The uncertainty existing in the whole procedure of determining the water content in anhydrous hydrazine by gas chromatography was studied.The source of the uncertainty produced in the process of detection and influence of each component uncertainty are analyzed systematically.Each component of uncertainty was evaluated and synthesized.The results show that the uncertainty component produced by the repeat operation during the preparation of standard solution,fitting of standard curves and detection of sample is the major source which affects the uncertainty determination of the water content in anhydrous hydrazine.This work can provide the effective and credible data for the determination of water content in anhydrous hydrazine.


Amitav Ghosh's fiction is imbued with deep feelings of historical facts and public voices that seriously draw the affection of his readers as well as critics of the late 20th and 21st centuries. The four vital issues of postcolonial studies—subaltern, diaspora, separation, and border crossings—are the major discussions of his fiction. The term, 'subaltern' has come from the class difference between the masters and the subjects that has developed a binary relationship between these two groups of people. The binary relationship, on the other hand, has developed the dependence of the ruled (subjects) upon the mercy of the rulers (masters). The term 'diaspora' originates from the Greek word meaning 'to disperse'. It is a central historical fact of dislocation–the voluntary or forcible movement of peoples from their homelands into new regions. It is also a result of imperial occupation or colonization that transports peoples from one country to another by slavery or imprisonment, or by invasion and settlement. The idea of separation and border crossing from either a literal homeland, or from a cultural and ethnic origin comes from the idea of exile and expatriation. The term 'exile' implies an involuntary constraint, and on the other hand, 'expatriation' implies the voluntary act or state. I am writing this paper to focus on Amitav Ghosh's dealings of separation and border crossings in his fiction. To discuss these two postcolonial issues, I have chosen two novels of Ghosh's fiction—The Shadow Lines (1988) and The Glass Palace (2000). Although the history of frontier and partition is much more older than the recent history of colonization, separation and border crossings have become significant major issues in the post-colonial studies (see Gurr 1981; Hall 1989; Ashcroft, Griffiths, and Tiffin 2004).


Background & Objectives: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disorder, and studies have reported inconsistent association between high BMI and its elevated risk of GERD symptoms. The aim of the present study was to estimate the strength of the association between body mass index and reflux symptoms in Nepalese adults. Materials & Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at National Academy of Medical Science, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. All patients of age 18 years or above who underwent endoscopy and diagnosed to have esophagitis were recruited for the analysis. Symptoms were identified by using a self-administered validated questionnaire regarding GERD that identify the onset for GERD symptoms and grade the frequency and severity of symptoms experienced over a period of one year. BMI data, the cut off points were based on the WHO classification of overweight and obesity. A BMI value ?25–30 represents overweight and BMI >30 indicates obesity. A BMI value 0.05). Ages with various categories (18-40, >40-60,>60) were significantly associated with the GERD symptoms (P=0.021). We categorize BMI in three categories. A BMI value 30 (obesity). Categorical analysis of BMI with GERD symptoms confirmed the absence of any tendency towards an association (p>0.05). Conclusion: The tendency of reflux symptoms towards BMI is null, and weight reduction may not be the adequate justifiable for the symptoms therapy. JCMS Nepal. 2015; 11(2):23-26


Finegoldia magna (F. magna) has been described as one of the most frequent pathogens in the etiology of postoperative and prosthetic implant associated septic arthritis. In this report, we document our first experience with septic arthritis of the wrist caused by F. magna occurring in a joint with primary disease from prior trauma.


Occlusion, together with the morphology and position of the teeth, changes throughout a person's life. It also seems quite natural that deviation of the mandible occurs in conjunction with these changes. Observation of this phenomenon in mature adults over a period of ten years clearly shows that this is an aspect of physical health that can readily be confirmed by anyone. The extent of these changes is generally small in dentate individuals. In order to determine whether the situation should be considered a disease state, it is important to carefully investigate whether the oral tissues and function deviate from normal human physiological limits. However, when we carry out the same observations on an oral cavity where several teeth have been lost, it becomes obvious that these changes have accelerated. These effects are often seen in cases where treatment was done without a thorough evaluation and diagnosis of the dentition with missing teeth, and can be considered the result of the long-term use of a poor prosthesis that was provided. This can occur because the most important task of the oral cavity as an organ is mastication, and the surrounding tissues attempt to adapt to accomplish this task even though there is malocclusion. Maintenance of masticatory movements in this way result in deviation of the mandibular position owing to training of the muscles of mastication, and often creates establishment of a pathologic mandibular position. Although it is necessary to return the mandible to its normal physiologic position and movements, the methodology for this is in no way simple. In this particular case, I searched out the reasons for the patient's mandibular deviation, and using the evaluation and diagnosis of a dentition with missing teeth as a basis, present here in detail the thought process involved in the treatment and selection of the necessary target mandibular position for establishment of a physiologic occlusion.


Let Q be the field of rational numbers, and let A be an Abelian curve (an Abelian variety of dimension one) defined over Q. Following Weil, the conductor of A is where p runs over all primes, and the exponent is explained below; the primes dividing N are exactly those for which A has degenerate reduction modulo p.


Abstract The prefix "trans-" surrounds "animal" with a pluralizing effect: tranimals. This portmanteau word describes creatures at once real and imagined who traverse taxonomic categories. This essay considers two of many threads of trananimality: the transgenic and the prosthetic. Artist Jodi Clark imagines the Menagerie à Trois as a space for carnal humanimality, where sexual entanglements commingle with chimeric forms. This menagerie à tranimals extends Clark's ever-expanding Menagerie à Trois by articulating a framework for contemplating and indexing humanimal networks of engineered organisms while simultaneously attending to the agency-in-captivity experienced by prosthetic and transgenic tranimals. The results of genetic interventions, transgenic tranimals have been engineered to serve a range of roles in biomedical research. Prosthetic tranimals are not always born with their modifications, but are instead engaged by other human and non-human animals by way of mechanical devices and symbiotic systems. These physical bonds destabilize concepts of part and whole: synecdoche becomes an important way of conceptualizing the labour performed by tranimals. Tranimals signal entangled relations, framing potentially infinite configurations of cooperation and adaptation. Visitors to this menagerie are encouraged to rethink the ethical and moral space created by becoming with tranimals.


Copyright: © 2016 Moussa A. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. During performing electrophoresis for detecting the presence of recombinant prion protein (PrPrec), it was punctually planned to examine several expressed protein on the same polyacrylamide gel and the last empty well was used for depositing together the molecular weight marker (triose phosphate isomerase) and the pathogenic bovine prion protein PrPsc. After transfer and immune-blotting with specific PrP monoclonal antibodies [1] no detectable PrPsc bands were observed. So we decided to explore these unexpected results.


A mammalian protein called RFX or NF-X binds to the X box (or Xl box) in the promoters of a number of major histocompatibility (MHC) class II genes. In this study, RFX was shown to have the same DNA-binding specificity as methylated DNA-binding protein (MDBP), and its own cDNA was found to contain a binding site for MDBP in the leader region. MDBP is a ubiquitous mammalian protein that binds to certain DNA sequences preferentially when they are CpG methylated and to other related sequences, like the X box, irrespective of DNA methylation. MDBP from HeLa and Raji cells formed DNA-protein complexes with X-box oligonucleotides that coelectrophoresed with those containing standard MDBP sites. Furthermore, MDBP and X-box oligonucleotides cross-competed for the formation of these DNA-protein complexes. DNA-protein complexes obtained with MDBP sites displayed the same partial supershifting with an antiserum directed to the N terminus of RFX seen for complexes containing an X-box oligonucleotide. Also, the in vitro-transcribed- translated product of a recombinant RFX cDNA bound specifically to MDBP ligands and displayed the DNA methylation-dependent binding of MDBP.


Recent studies have shown that there is continued computer misuse by end-users even as organizations invest in security countermeasures. The expansion of computer and internet use has introduced unexpected consequences that have made businesses more vulnerable to computer misuse by employees. The losses suffered by organizations because of end-user computer misuse can exceed millions of dollars. Computer misuse by employees can lead to loss of revenue and productivity. One of the major investments that organizations can make to help counter computer misuse by end-users is to promote and implement security training that includes use of system security alert notification reminders. System security alert reminders also referred to as security pop-up alerts can be employed to enhance policy awareness by employees when performing their work. For this study the use of system security alert notifications as reminders in an operational environment is an extension of the Constructivism principle of Learning Theory. The Constructivism principle is based on the learner gaining knowledge from their own work experiences. It is posited that end-users' IS security knowledge and awareness will be enhanced by system security alert notifications and in turn help to counter IS misuse intentions. Past studies have examined factors that influence end-user security policy compliance based on the employee's awareness of security policy and countermeasures. Similar but separate research has also explored end-user attitude toward ethical behavior while utilizing an organization's network systems. The foundations for these two streams of research are based primarily on General Deterrence Theory (GDT) and the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). Research on system security alert notifications has focused on the effects of these alerts based on their message content or physical behaviors and response of participants. This study will take a different approach by developing an integrated multi-theory model to explore the impact of system security alert notifications on the relationships between end-user security policy awareness and attitude toward security with IS misuse intentions.


As a dimensionality reduction method,band selection is a significant preprocessing step used for classification applications of hyperspectral image data.And a large number of algorithms have been proposed for band selection.However,the evaluation method for band selection algorithms was rarely studied.In order to evaluate the performance of band selection algorithms,an evaluation method is proposed.The method is implemented by measuring the selected band sets from three aspects,i.e.,information content,class separability and correlation.In experiment,the evaluation method is applied to four common band selections algorithms.The results of experiments show that the evaluation method is feasible in practical applications.


Based on experiments with mouse cells, it appears that macrophage activation for cytotoxicity requires two exogenous signals. One signal primes or sensitizes the cells, while the second activates them for killing. The present studies were designed to analyze the capacity of rat macrophages to be activated for nitric oxide production and for cytotoxicity by different inflammatory stimuli. We found that both resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) and resident peritoneal macrophages (PMs) from Sprague‐Dawley rats produced nitric oxide in response to relatively low doses of a single exogenous activating stimulus [interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) or lipopolysac‐ charide (LPS)]. Resident PMs treated with either of these agents alone also exhibited nitric oxide‐mediated cytotoxicity toward xenogeneic and allogeneic tumor targets. In contrast to results reported previously with both resident and elicited PMs from mice, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) exerted only a small enhancing effect on IFN‐γ‐induced nitric oxide production by resident rat PMs. In addition, although some level of cooperativity between IFN‐γ and LPS was observed at low concentrations of LPS (< 10 ng/ml), IFN‐γ did not augment the effects of higher concentrations of LPS (≥10 ng/ml) on nitric oxide production by PMs. In contrast to PMs, AMs had a strong synergistic response to combinations of IFN‐ γ and LPS or TNF‐α but also only at relatively low concentrations of IFN‐γ and LPS. Furthermore, maximum nitric oxide production induced by IFN‐γ in these cells could be enhanced by TNF‐α or low doses of LPS. However, as observed with PMs, combinations of IFN‐γ and higher doses of LPS did not significantly augment maximum nitric oxide production induced in AMs by LPS alone. Thus, our data suggest that resident rat PMs and AMs resemble elicited mouse PMs in their ability to respond to a single activating stimulus. However, PMs and in some respects AMs differ from the latter by their reduced responsiveness to combinations of activators. Taken together, our results suggest that two exogenous stimuli are not required for full activation of resident macrophages from Sprague‐Dawley rats.