Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and self blood pressure monitoring (SBPM) at home offer clear advantages compared to conventional office blood pressure readings [4–17], at least when accurately validated devices are used [18,19] and appropriate reference values are considered [20–22]. These advantages include not only avoidance of the alerting reaction associated with a 'white coat effect', but also a higher reproducibility of the average blood pressure values recorded, the lack of a significant placebo effect, the possibility to monitor blood pressure repeatedly over time, the collection of 'objective' measurements, free from digit preference and observer bias, and a better prediction of outcome compared to 'casual' office blood pressure readings. In particular, SBPM at home offers the possibility of obtaining repeated measurements at different times of the day for several days, weeks, months and even years, which may allow a multiple daily assessment of the blood pressure effects of treatment over a wide time interval. The higher reproducibility of the average values derived from repeated SBPM also carries practical advantages when calculating the sample size of a trial, allowing for a lower number of subjects to be recruited. Such detailed and robust information can be obtained at a lower cost compared to ABPM, and its handling is now made much easier by recent technological progress in data storage, data printing and data tele-transmission [4]. Among these advantages, the possibility offered by both ABPM and SBPM for obtaining blood pressure measurements free from interference by the white coat effect has probably been the most important reason for their progressively increasing clinical use. This feature has also led to the proposal of considering the difference between office and either home blood pressure or daytime average ABP as surrogate [23] measures of the 'white-coat effect' [24]. Because of its simple implementation, such an indirect approach has been employed in several studies assessing the frequency and/or the clinical relevance of the white-coat phenomenon. This approach is still being proposed despite recent evidence indicating that the surrogate quantification of the 'white-coat effect' derived from the difference between clinic and home or daytime average blood pressure values is unable to faithfully reflect the 'real' white-coat effect, as directly assessed through continuous blood pressure recordings obtained immediately before and during the physician's visit [25–29].


Objective The study was designed to supply the early-warning signal for the early discovery or detection of disease outbreak. Methods A time trend analysis of data from the fever monitoring spots in Hangzhou was carried out. Results The local epidemic influenza from February to March in 2004 was successfully early-warned. Conclusion Monitoring of fever symptom is essential for early discovery of the epidemic situation of respiratory tract infection, which is featured by fever, and for taking timely and effective control measures, lowing morbidity rate and reducing economic losses.


We investigate the morphological characteristics,regional distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells in the digestive tract of sables(Martes zibellina),using immunohistochemical techniques of the streptavidin-peroxidase method.Results show that seven types of endocrine cells were found,which mainly located between epithelial cells of gastric glands and intestinal glands.Only 5-hydroxytryptamin(5-HT) immunoreactive(IR) cells were detected in the large intestine.None of the endocrine cells was identified in the oesophagus of M.zibellina.Most of the endocrine cells in the cardia gland,fundic gland,ileum,cecum and rectum were round to ellipse in shape,while those in the pylorus,duodenum, jejunum and colon were cuniform or spindle in shape.Among these endocrine cells,5-HT-IR cells were detected throughout the entire gestrointestinal tract,while the distribution of other six types of endocrine cells was restricted.Most of the endocrine cells in M.zibellina reflected similar distribution patterns compared with other mammals.But the distribution pattern of somatostatin(SS) IR cells and substance P(SP) IR cells were different to that of the other mammals and may be the main characteristics of endocrine cells in the digestive tract of M.zibellina.


The Internet of Things (IoT) involves numerous connected smart things with different technologies and communication standards. While IoT opens new opportunities in various fields, it introduces new challenges in the field of digital forensics investigations. The existing tools and procedures of digital forensics cannot meet the highly distributed and heterogeneous infrastructure of the IoT. Forensics investigators will face challenges while identifying necessary pieces of evidence from the IoT environment, and collecting and analyzing those evidence. In this article, we propose the first working definition of IoT forensics and systematically analyze the IoT forensics domain to explore the challenges and issues in this special branch of digital forensics. We propose a Forensics-aware IoT (FAIoT) model for supporting reliable forensics investigations in the IoT environment.


The structure of the Hartree-Fock one-electron equations for simple point defects in ionic crystals are discussed. The importance of polarization effects due to the diffuse nature of the wavefunctions in the relaxed excited states are emphasized, and the usefulness of an effective mass approximation indicated. Several approaches to the calculation of the electronic structure are discussed and evaluated. The connection between electronic structure calculations and phonon perturbations are pointed out through a brief discussion of localized perturbation theory.


The full-length genome of CAV were amplified by PCR,and ligating two full-length genome of CAV in tandem into pBluescript Π SK(+) vector,named as Psk2CAV,was transfected into MDCC-MSB1 cell,which IFA test showed specificity fluorescence.Then,ten chicks were intramuscularly inoculated with 100 μg of the colned CAV plasmid.The result from necropsy illustrated that showed slight bleeding in crureus and pectorals,and atrophy or bleeding in thymusin in positive control group and Psk2CAV plasmid group.The result of pathological section demonstrated that lobule of thymus has atrophy,bleeding and gore,medulla has atrophy,and lymphocyte has a lessening.Genome of CAV were amplified from infected MDCC-MSB1 cell in vivo and infected chick in vitro.The results indicate that the cloned CAV genomic DNA is infectious in vivo and in vitro,and the derived virus could replicate the basic same pathological change and pathological change of CAV of natural infection.


This work was supported by The National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) grant P30RR030927/ P30GM103392 (R. Friesel, PI); P. Brooks was supported by National Cancer Institute (NCI) grant R01 CA91645;andC.P.H.Varywas supportedbyNationalHeart, Lung, andBlood Institute (NHLBI) grantR01 HL083151 (of the NIH). All investigators gratefully acknowledge institutional support from the Maine Medical Center. This research is supported in part through the NIHNational Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS) COBRE in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (8P20GM103465).


One of the innovative forms of a financial institution – digital banks – is reviewed in this article. Performance evaluation is one of the main tasks in banks of a new type. No single approach to this evaluation exists today. Methods and models used to evaluate the efficiency of financial institutions are analyzed in this article. After the conducted analysis, methods based on the development of econometric models are proposed as basic approaches for evaluating the efficiency of digital financial institutions. Their applicability to evaluating the efficiency of digital banks are analyzed in this study. An econometric model with a variable structure is proposed on the basis of the conducted study, which allows evaluating the performance of digital financial institutions. Factors influencing the performance of a digital financial institution are identified, based on the proposed model, the main of which being the size of the financial institution determined by its assets, bank's information department headcount, and the size of the client base; all other parameters such as age of a financial institution are insignificant in terms of their influence on the efficiency of a digital financial institution.


Hybrid AC/DC microgrid is regarded as a low inertia system due to the extensive integration of renewable energy sources. Thus, the AC bus frequency and DC bus voltage are easily damaged when a step change or random fluctuation appears, which threatens the system power quality. Focusing on this problem, this study proposes an adjustable inertia implementing method for the two-stage bidirectional power converter (BPC) to enhance the dynamic performance of the hybrid power system. Concretely, the first stage of the BPC is controlled as a virtual synchronous generator to support the AC subgrid and plays the role of imitating the inertia frequency response in the AC bus. The second stage controls the built-in capacitor of the BPC to implement adjustable inertia for the DC subgrid and improves the DC bus voltage response. Besides, the terminal voltage of the built-in capacitor will be restricted to ensure the normal operation of the BPC. The small-signal analysis of the hybrid system is provided to illustrate the stability of the proposed control method. Finally, the experimental results based on the real-time hardware-in-loop platform demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


To simulate the electrokinetic processes in weakly-conducting dielectric media, the Taylor– Melcher leaky-dielectric model is widely used, though its applicability conditions are unknown. To define them, the electric-potential distributions inside and outside a dielectric sphere placed in an electric field are determined, by assuming the sphere and the environment are weakly conducting and by considering the electric and diffusion interfacial currents and the surface-charge decay. Earlier, an electric-field characteristic of a dielectric sphere, for example, the real part of the Clausius–Mossotti factor found for a direct current (DC) field was commonly thought to be a single-valued function of two parameters, the conductivities of the sphere and the environment. Now, it depends on a larger number of parameters and, in the dc case, can range from the perfect-dielectric to perfect-conductor values even for a particle of a good insulator. Using the proposed theory, a variety of the experimental results on the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) fluid circulation and dielectrophoretic (DEP) motion of microparticles in the dielectric drops are explained for the first time or in a new way. The dielectrophoretic inflection and cross-over frequencies are defined allowing for the decay of the surface charge. A dependence of the effective conductivity of a sphere on the angular field distribution is predicted for the first time.


Objective To assess the influence of lowering temporal sampling rates of CT perfusion(CTP) on parameters for reducing the radiation dose.Methods Twenty-five patients with ischemic sufferings underwent CTP.Original sampling rate was 1 rotation per second.Data were acquired with 4i×7.2 mm and totally 160 images were obtained.Additional four data sets were obtained with temporal resolution of 2 s,3 s,4 s,5 s,respectively.Data sets were postprocessed with Neuro PCT.Cerebral blood flow(CBF),cerebral blood volume(CBV) and time to peak(TTP) were measured with the identical ROI.The results of the four data sets were compared with that of the original data sets.Results Signal-noise ratio(SNR) of color-coded parameter maps for CBF,CBV and TTP were lowering as sampling rate reduced,especially under 3 s temporal resolution.All perfusion parameters of 2 s temporal resolution data sets did not differ with that of the original data sets.The radiation reduced significantly when temporal sampling rate decreased.Conclusion Accurate perfusion parameters can be obtained with 2 s temporal resolution for CTP in ischemic stroke,and the radiation dose would be reduced significantly.


One of the problems in treating breast cancer patients is discovering the gene rearrangements that are occurring while the patient is in apparent remission. Spontaneous mutations in DNA sequences, particularly in tumor suppressor genes, can lead to the evolution of new clones of tumor cells that may be able to evade both clinical treatments and the patient's immune surveillance system. Isolation of these tumor clones is extremely difficult. Rare-event analysis and single-cell sorting techniques must be used to successfully detect and isolate these tumor clones. PCR amplification of selected gene sequences followed by TA cloning techniques can then be used to perform single-cell DNA sequencing in those gene regions. In this paper we present preliminary data showing successful detection and single-cell sorting of rare tumor clones from defined cell mixtures. Using TA cloning techniques and PCR we have been able to detect a single base-pair mutation in the PTEN tumor suppressor gene in single cells from a breast cancer cell line. Thus, while extremely difficult, it should in the future be possible to isolate tumor clones form a patient for subsequent molecular analyses of DNA mutations in critical gene regions.


As our understanding of Kushite culture deepens, the view promulgated by early scholars of Meroe, many of whom trained as Egyptologists, that Kushites follow Egyptian cultural traditions as closely as possible is increasingly revealed as flawed. Innovative re-workings of Egyptian sources, including images, and the introduction of Kushite ideas can be identified through a careful comparison of Egyptian sources and Meroitic use of them. A close analysis of early Meroitic pyramid chapels reveals that the priests who selected images for these monuments acted with comprehension of and an unexpected independence from Egyptian religion. They chose and sometimes manipulated Egyptian vignettes to express a combination of Kushite and Egyptian mortuary beliefs and also included scenes of Kushite libations and processions on chapel walls. Their program of decoration reveals focused beliefs based on an Osirian afterlife and a pragmatic sometimes non-Egyptian approach to providing for it. A desire for clarity of expression (with its attendant magical powers) appears to be the rationale for the content of the chapel decorations.


On the Way to the Web: The Secret History of the Internet and Its Founders is an absorbing chronicle of the inventive, individualistic, and often cantankerous individuals who set the Internet free. Michael A. Banks describes how the online population created a new culture and turned a new frontier into their vision of the future. This book will introduce you to the innovators who laid the foundation for the Internet and the World Wide Web, the man who invented online chat, and the people who invented the products all of us use online every day. Learn where, when, how and why the Internet came into being, and exactly what hundreds of thousands of people were doing online before the Web. See who was behind it all, and what inspired them. Youll also find these stories of people and events on the way to the Web: CIA agents in search of military hardware for sale online. The first online privacy scandal, three decades ago. The first instance of online censorship in 1979 How in 1980 the FBI demanded the ID of a CompuServe user who tried to sell 3,000 M16 rifles online Early con artists Online romance scams Identify theft Who really created AOL. (Hint: it wasnt Steve Case.) The wireless Internet that was built in 1978. Why the @ sign is used in email addresses. Who is this book for? On the Way to the Web is a book that will appeal to all readers, but one that computer enthusiasts will find especially interesting. Most readers will have played a part in the story it tells, and anyone who uses the Internet and Web on a daytoday basis will find this book an absorbing read. Related Titles Founders at Work: Stories of Startups' Early Days Internet Babylon: Secrets, Scandals, and Shocks on the Information Superhighway Black Hat: Misfits, Criminals, and Scammers in the Internet Age


This article is an overview of the current theoretical and methodological approaches to the forecasting and modelling of the innovative development of social-economic systems and structures. The innovation factor is considered to be a dominant factor of the stable development taking into account the restrictions in inner and outer environment of business and corporate entities. This work shows that the forecasting and planning are two interrelated procedures, aimed at development and implementation of the scientifically grounded basis for functioning and development of social-economic systems of macro- and micro-levels.


Investigating thermal energy demand is crucial for developing sustainable cities and the efficient use of renewable sources. Despite the advances made in this field, the analysis of energy data provided by smart grids is currently a demanding challenge due to their complex multivariate structure and high dimensionality. In this article, we propose a novel copula‐based dissimilarity measure suitable for analyzing district heating demand and introduce a procedure to apply it to high‐temporal resolution panel data. Inspired by the characteristics of the considered data, we explore the usefulness of the Ali‐Mikhail‐Haq copula in defining a new dissimilarity measure to cluster variables in the hierarchical framework. We show that our proposal is particularly sensitive to small dissimilarities based on tiny differences in the strength of the dependence between the involved random variables. Therefore, the measure we introduce is able to distinguish between objects with low dissimilarity better than standard rank‐based dissimilarity measures. Moreover, our proposal considers a weighted version of the copula‐based dissimilarity that embeds the spatial location of the involved objects. We investigate the proposed measure through Monte Carlo studies and compare it with an analogous dissimilarity measure based on Kendall's correlation. Finally, the application to real data concerning the Italian city Bozen‐Bolzano makes it possible to find clusters of buildings homogeneous with respect to their main characteristics, such as energy efficiency and heating surface. In turn, our findings may support the design, expansion, and management of district heating systems.


FIELD: transport. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to design of automotive tire capable to move in punctured condition. Self-supporting tire is provided with carcass (6) going from tread (2) through sidewall (3) to bead ring (5) of bead (4), and sidewall reinforcing rubber layer (9) which has crescent shaped cross-section and is located inside the carcass (6) in the sidewall (3). Heat-conducting rubber (11) with heat-conduction coefficient of 0.3 W/(v·K) is located on inner surface (12) of tire. At least part of the mentioned heat-conducting rubber (11) is located on protruding section (T) of sidewall reinforcing rubber layer (9) representing a section of sidewall reinforcing rubber layer (9) outgoing on inner surface (12) of tire. EFFECT: higher durability of tire in punctured condition. 11 cl, 8 dwg, 2 tbl


Significant interest exists in the use of microphone arrays for enhancing audio and speech signals. Various combinations of fixed array, adaptive array, time-domain and frequency domain processing approaches are being considered. Any well-designed sensor array processing system needs (either explicitly or implicitly) accurate modeling or measurement of the sensor responses to allow robust and effective signal enhancement. The article explores the limits that microphone array calibration places on robust speech enhancement. Modelled microphone array data is used to examine the effect of variations in array parameters on processing algorithms.


Let X be an irreducible smooth complex projective curve of genus g > 2, and let x ∈ X be a fixed point. A framed bundle is a pair (E, φ), where E is a vector bundle over X, of rank r and degree d, and φ : Ex −→ C r is a non–zero homomorphism. There is a notion of (semi)stability for framed bundles depending on a parameter τ > 0, which gives rise to the moduli space of τ– semistable framed bundles M . We prove a Torelli theorem for M , for τ > 0 small enough, meaning, the isomorphism class of the one–pointed curve (X , x), and also the integer r, are uniquely determined by the isomorphism class of the variety M . Let X be an irreducible smooth projective curve defined over C. Fix a point x ∈ X. Fix a line bundle ξ over X, and let d denote its degree. We consider pairs of the form (E,φ : Ex −→ C ), where E is a vector bundle of fixed rank r and determinant ξ, and φ is a C–linear homomorphism (Ex is the fiber of E over the point x). This is a particular case of the framed bundles of Huybrechts and Lehn [HL]. In our situation the reference sheaf is the torsion sheaf supported at x with fiber C. In [HL], the notion of a semistable framed bundle is introduced which depends on a real parameter τ , and the corresponding moduli space is constructed, which is a complex projective variety. Let τ > 0 be a real number. A pair (E,φ : Ex −→ C ) is called τ–stable (respectively, τ–semistable) if, for all proper subbundles E′ ⊂ E of positive rank, deg E′ − ǫ(E′, φ)τ rkE′ < deg E − τ rkE (respectively, deg E −ǫ(E,φ)τ rk E ≤ deg E−τ rkE ), where ǫ(E, φ) = { 1 if φ|E′ x 6= 0, 0 if φ|E′ x = 0. Let MX,x,r,ξ be the moduli space of τ–semistable pairs of rank r and determinant ξ. When the data is clear from the context, we will also use the shortened notation M instead of MX,x,r,ξ. We prove the following Torelli theorem for this moduli space when τ is sufficiently small. Theorem 0.1. Let X be a smooth projective curve of genus g > 2 and x ∈ X a point. Let r > 1 be an integer and ξ a line bundle over X. Let τ > 0 be a real number with τ < τ(r) (cf. Lemma 1.1). Let X ′, g′, x′, r′, ξ′ and τ ′ be another set of data satisfying the same conditions. If the moduli space MX,x,r,ξ is isomorphic to 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 14D22, Secondary 14D20. Supported by grant MTM2007-63582 from the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia and grant 200650M066 from Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid. 1 2 I. BISWAS, T. GÓMEZ, AND V. MUÑOZ M ′ X′,x′,r′,ξ′, then there is an isomorphism between X and X ′ sending x to x′, and also r = r′. In other words, if we are given MX,x,r,ξ as an abstract variety, we can recover the curve X, the point x, and the rank r. We will first prove some facts about the geometry of this moduli space M := MX,x,r,ξ, and, using these, in the last section we prove Theorem 0.1. 1. Forgetful morphism The following lemma relates τ–semistability of a framed bundle with the usual semistability of its underlying vector bundle. Lemma 1.1. There is a constant τ(r) that depending only on the rank r such that for all τ ∈ (0 , τ(r)) the following hold: (1) (E,φ) is τ–semistable ⇒ E is semistable. (2) E is stable ⇒ (E,φ) is τ–stable. (3) Any τ–semistable pair is τ–stable. Proof. The expression |ǫ/r′−1/r|, where ǫ = 0, 1 and r′ is an integer with 0 < r′ < r, takes only a finite number of values, so there is a largest positive number τ(r) such that the following holds: if 0 < τ < τ(r), then (1.1) 0 < τ ∣∣ ǫ r′ − 1 r ∣∣ < 1 r! . Assume that (E,φ) is τ–semistable but E is not semistable as a vector bundle. This means that there is a proper subbundle E′ such that d r < d′ r′ ≤ d r + τ (ǫ(E,φ) r′ − 1 r ) , where d = deg E and d′ = deg E′. But this is impossible because the slopes of all subbundles of E are in (1/r!)Z. Hence d′/r′ ≥ d/r + 1/r!, which contradicts (1.1). Now assume E is stable but (E,φ) is not τ–stable. There is a proper subbundle E′ such that d r > d′ r′ ≥ d r + τ (ǫ(E′, φ) r′ − 1 r ) , but this pair of inequalities again contradict (1.1). Finally, if (E,φ) is τ–semistable, then for all proper subbundles E′ of E, d′ r′ ≤ d r + τ (ǫ(E′, φ) r′ − 1 r ) . We note that d ′ r 6= d r + τ ( ǫ(E,φ) r − 1 r ) because d′/r′ and d/r belong to (1/r!)Z, and τ ( ǫ(E,φ) r − 1 r ) does not lie in (1/r!)Z. Hence any τ–semistable pair is τ–stable. This completes the proof of the lemma. Henceforth, we will always assume that 0 < τ < τ(r). Let M denote the moduli space of semistable vector bundles E over X of rank r with ∧r E = ξ. Since the underlying vector bundle of a τ–semistable pair is semistable, we have a forgetful morphism


Ultrashort pulse lasers combined with megahertz level repetition rates allow use of higher production speeds. In this paper in presented experiments made with pulse laser to stainless steel and brass samples with high-speed machining up to about 30 m/s. Samples were attached to a high-speed rotating spindle, which can be rotated up to 80000 rpm with a small load. High machining speed is used to lower pulse overlap. With high pulse overlap, part of the beam power is reflected, scattered and absorbed into vaporizing metal ablated by the previous pulse. Additionally, heat conducted to the material decreases due shorter interaction to the material. The process efficiency was analyzed from the laser machined grooves. In addition, laser's material removal rate was observed. Grooves were analyzed with a profilometer and an optical microscope, and material removal rates in the grooves were calculated.Ultrashort pulse lasers combined with megahertz level repetition rates allow use of higher production speeds. In this paper in presented experiments made with pulse laser to stainless steel and brass samples with high-speed machining up to about 30 m/s. Samples were attached to a high-speed rotating spindle, which can be rotated up to 80000 rpm with a small load. High machining speed is used to lower pulse overlap. With high pulse overlap, part of the beam power is reflected, scattered and absorbed into vaporizing metal ablated by the previous pulse. Additionally, heat conducted to the material decreases due shorter interaction to the material. The process efficiency was analyzed from the laser machined grooves. In addition, laser's material removal rate was observed. Grooves were analyzed with a profilometer and an optical microscope, and material removal rates in the grooves were calculated.


The triethyl citrate was prepared from citric acid and ethanol with activated carbon supported ferric chloride as catalyst.Through examining the effect of factors on the yield,the optimum synthesis conditions were as follow: catalyst amount was 8.0 g,molar ratio of citric acid to alcohol was 1 ∶6.0,and reaction time was 9.0 h(based on 0.3mol citric acid).The yield of esterification reached 87.0 %.This catalyst had many advantages such as easy reuse and less pollution to environment.


Controlling water salinity plays a key role in farming efficiency. Current sensors are mostly expensive and need regular maintenance. In addition, they require electrical connections or extra power supply that leads to difficult and costly implementation in remote sensing scenarios. In this paper, an accurate and low-profile sensor is developed using a metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) structure. The proposed sensor works based on the level and frequency of absorbed signals. Hence, there is no need for electrical connections, which enables remote sensing applications. Square shape channels have been created in a regular FR-4 substrate to facilitate sensing of water salinity level. A 7×7 array with a total size of 140mm×160mm has been fabricated that shows a resolution of 10 MHz per percentage of water salinity. The absorption frequency shifts from f=3.12 GHz to f=3.59 GHz for salinity level from 0% to 50%. A strong correlation between measurement and simulation results validates the design procedure.


The high resolution mesh tessellation method using PN-triangle (Point Normal ? triangle) derived from the low resolution mesh triangle is widely used because it does not require the adjacent triangle information. With this PN-triangle tessellation method, the method to further subdivide triangles close to the silhouette was also presented. However, the previous method produces the extreme case where the tessellation factor will be zero when a triangle is far away from the silhouette. In this paper, unlike the previous method, ① the modified method to smoothly increase the tessellation factor as close to the silhouette is proposed. ② Also the method to increase the tessellation factor as close the view and away to the silhouette is proposed. ③ The modified method to increase the tessellation factor as the size of primitive is also proposed. The proposed method is verified by the experimental simulation.


The invention discloses a determination method of the iron content in a coating of an alloying hot galvanized plate and belongs to the technical field of detection of alloying galvanized plates. The determination method comprises the steps of: leading a volumetric flask of a standard stock solution into inductively coupled plasma emission spectrum equipment, and drawing a standard solution working curve for forming Fe; placing an alloying hot galvanized plate coating sample into a stripping device, and pouring 50ml of stripping liquid into the stripping device to dissolve the coating until bubbles disappear completely; pouring the reacted stripping liquid into the volumetric flask, and adding ultrapure water for constant volume being 100ml to obtain a sample to be tested; leading the sample to be tested into the inductively coupled plasma emission spectrum equipment for determination, so as to obtain the iron content in the coating of the alloying hot galvanized plate through the calculation of the inductively coupled plasma emission spectrum equipment. The determination method is high in analysis speed and accuracy, the linear correlation coefficient of the tested sample and the standard working curve is greater than 0.999, and reliable analysis data can be provided quickly.


ABSTRACT Posyandu is one form of activity or health efforts Community Based (UKBM) which is managed and hosted from, by, for and with the community. Immunization services are part of the prevention and termination of the transmission chain. Indicators used to assess the success of the immunization program is the number of UCI (Universal Child Immunization). Results of immunization coverage is 95.6% and the target of 90% so that it can be said that it has exceeded the target set. The study design was cross-sectional. Data collection techniques with primary data obtained from questionnaires and conduct meta plan to determine the root cause. There are 78 samples. The study was conducted in RW 15 Sub Wonokusumo. The statistical test result is there is a relationship of knowledge, attitudes, and actions of mothers with immunization compliance or there is a statistically significant relationship between knowledge, attitudes, actions mothers with immunization compliance. Suggestions from this study are those wonokusumo health center is expected to provide training to the community and Posyandu cadre of knowledge, attitudes and actions toward immunization and immunization compliance while for the people of RW 15 Sub Wonokusumo expected to be more active and to participate in efforts to implement further research imunisasi.Bagi is expected to more closely examine the analysis of any relationship that may affect compliance with immunization Keywords: knowledge, attitudes, actions, compliance immunization


The present paper conceptualizes a methodology of an evolutionary tax law analysis from a critical rationalist perspective. This methodology has the following characteristics: We interpret tax rules as means to achieve tax goals. Means-end-statements have an ethical and an empirical dimension. The ethical dimension implies that tax goals and tax rules and their secondary effects must be compatible with the aims of market economy regulation. The empirical dimension includes the question if tax goals are realizable and if tax rules cause secondary effects. To answer this question, we need evolutionary hypotheses of tax effects. A quasi-nomological hypothesis regarding the evolutionary effects of taxation is as follows: "If taxation changes the rank order of the relevant decision-making options according to the actors' subjectively rational decision criteria, they decide differently if they take taxes into account than they would if they did not". From an evolutionary point of view, freedom of choice and equality before the law are the contributions of a market economy to the common good. In our opinion, equability of taxation is compatible with the market economy goals "freedom of choice" and "equality before the law". Equability of taxation, however, implies in principle decreasing such decision-making effects of taxation which reduce the explicit tax payment burden (in relative terms). These decision-making effects are designated here as tax avoidance decisions. We need the evolutionary tax effects framework mentioned above in order to develop tax rules which decrease such tax effects. By way of contrast, tax rules that induce or accept tax avoidance decisions conflict with equability of taxation. Such rules are sometimes driven by social goals. Thus, we have to analyze such rules from an evolutionary perspective with regard to their justification, feasibility and proportionality.


The proliferation of novel network access devices and demand for high quality of service by the end users are proving to be insufficient and are straining the existing wireless cellular network capacity. An economic and promising alternate to enhance the spectral efficiency and network throughput is device to device (D2D) communication. However, enabling D2D communication poses significant challenges pertaining to the interference management. In this paper, we address the resource allocation problem for underlay D2D pairs. First, we formulate the resource allocation optimization problem with an objective to maximize the throughput of all D2D pairs by imposing interference constraints for protecting the cellular users. Second, to solve the underlying mixed-integer resource allocation problem, we propose a stable, self-organizing and distributed solution using duality based. Finally, we simulate our proposition to validate the convergence, cellular user protection, and network throughput gains achieved by the proposal. Simulation results reveal that D2D pairs can achieve significant throughput gains (i.e., up to 45-91%) while protecting the cellular users compared to the scenario in which no D2D pairs exist. I. Introduction The introduction of bandwidth hungry devices i.e., tablets, smart phones and bandwidth hungry applications i.e., on-line gaming, video conferencing, rich multimedia local services have strained the existing cellular network's capacity. To satisfy this ever increasing demands of the end users, many efforts focus on improving the wireless resource capacity by exploring new coding schemes, installing multiple antennas, and deploying small cells in the existing cellular networks. Although these technologies are successful for increasing the resource capacity, they do not solve the network capacity problem due to many reasons: a) wireless resource capacity has physical limitations, b) additional cost is involved in new hardware installations and c) traffic growth is faster compared to technology advancements [1]. As an alternative, device to device (D2D) communication underlying the existing cellular network has been proposed for long term evolution (LTE) advanced [1]. This technology is envisioned to be very successful especially for the network capacity congestion issues.


Cloud simulation models are rare in computer graphics, although many rendering algorithms have been developed to evaluate the illumination and the color of gaseous phenomena. The laws of fluid mechanics used for physical simulation require a fine resolution in space and time, and solving the Navier-Stokes equation in 3D is in general quite costly. However, many heuristics, dealing with various scales, can be used to describe the evolution of the shape of convective clouds such as cumulus. These go beyond the classical equations governing the motion of each element of fluid volume. Physicists characterize the identity and behavior of phenomena such as bubbles, jets, instabilities, waves, convective cells, and vortices. Moreover, the shape of a convective cloud can be considered as a surface, so that we only require detailed information near the periphery of the cloud volume. A guiding principle in our ongoing research is to take advantage of this type of high level knowledge available at various scales in order to obtain a simulation of convective clouds that may not be physically-accurate, but that will be perceptually convincing.


Saponins are broadly distributed in many plant species1) and species of Echinodermata such as starfish.2) The struc ture consists of a variety of triterpenoidal or steroidal agly cons linked to one or more sugar residues such as pentoses and hexoses. Saponins exhibit characteristics as a sur factant, a foam stabilizer, or an emulsifying agent in food because of their strong amphiphilic properties.3) Recently, it was reported that casein with quillaja saponin formed complexes of high molecular weight upon heat treatment at 78•Ž4) and the addition of soybean saponin to bovine serum albumin (BSA) increased the heat stability of BSA by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions.5) However, the interactions between proteins and starfish saponins have been poorly understood. In our previous paper,6) we showed that tea seed saponin had an ability to suppress the heat denaturation of salt-soluble proteins from fish, while quillaja saponin accelerated the reaction. These results sug gest that the interaction of saponins with salt-soluble pro teins is dependent upon the origin of saponins. In this short paper, we report the effect of starfish saponin on ther mal aggregation of actomyosin extracted from walleye pol lack meat. Natural actomyosin was prepared from frozen walleye pollack surimi (SA grade, Nichiro Co.) according to the method of Ko et al.7) and finally dialyzed against 20 mm potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 0.6 M KCI. Protein concentration was determined by the biuret method.8) Saponin constituents were separated according to the method of Yasumoto et al.9) The starfish Asterias amurensis collected at littoral areas of Wakkanai, north ern Hokkaido in August 1994 and stored at -30•Ž, was used as materials. The crushed starfish (1 kg) was extracted with a 3-fold volume of methanol by stirring for 30 min at room temperature. The supernatant was collected by filtra tion. The residue was extracted twice. Three extracts were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure. After being defatted with benzene, the concentrates were dis persed in butanol-water (1:1). The butanol layer was evaporated and lyophilized to give white amorphous sapo nin in a yield of nearly 0.1 %. To actomyosin solution (5 and 15 mg/ml), the above starfish saponin dissolved in 20 mm phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 0.6 M KCI was added with various ratios (w/w). Equal volumes of sapo nin and actomyosin solutions (final actomyosin concentra tion: 2.5 and 7.5 mg/ml, respectively) were mixed and heated at 30-80•Ž for 10 min, followed by cooling at 4•Ž. The effect of starfish saponin on thermal aggregation of walleye pollack actomyosin was then determined as the tur bidity of the reaction mixtures measured by the absor bance at 660 run. Figure 1 illustrates the effect of starfish saponin on ther mal aggregation of actomyosin from walleye pollack meat


There is a tendency for academics to focus too much on instructor-centered learning and not enough on participant-centered learning. This paper argues that the "case method" is a pedagogical method that should be of interest to Austrian school economists. Not only can it provide students with a richer learning experience, but there are important methodological points of tangency. I also provide examples of cases that can be used to teach Austrian theory and provide honest reflections on my own efforts to implement the case method in my teaching.


More and more attention has been paid to the involvement of glial cells in the induction and maintenance of pathological pain.Microglia and astrocyte were activated following peripheral nerve or tissue damage,the proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines which were important for pathological pain were released thereafter.It's possible to develop new therapeutic strategies for pathological pain based on the understanding of the pathogenesis of glial activation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines.This article reviews the advances made in the recent years about the role of glial cells in animal models of pathological pain and hope to provide new ideas for development of new drugs targeting glial cells.


Abstract In motor skill performance and retention the complexity of knowledge of results should interact with the child's processing rate. This rate has been demonstrated to increase with age. Two experiments were designed to assess this hypothesis. In Experiment 1, 30 7-year-old and 30 10-year-old boys were randomly assigned within age level to three knowledge of results (KR) conditions: no KR, general KR, and precise KR. Performance was assessed on a vertical positioning task at two angles, 60° and 100°, for 10 performance trials. The preciseness of KR interacted with age and the degree of the angle, indicating that at the more difficult angle (60°) preciseness may have been detrimental to the performance of the 7-year-olds but beneficial to the 10-year-olds. At the easier angle (100°), precise KR improved performance for both age groups. In Experiment 2, 27 second-grade and 27 fourth-grade children were randomly assigned within age groups to the same three levels of KR preciseness. A horizontal curvili...


Research and development of the earth simulator, K. Yoshida and S. Shingu parallel computing at Canadian Meteorological Centre, J-P Toviessi et al parallel elliptic solvers for the implicit global variable-resolution grid-point GEM model - iterative and fast direct methods, A. Qaddouri and J Cote IFS developments, D. Dent et al performance of parallelized forecast and analysis models at JMA, Y. Oikawa building a scalable parallel architecture for spectal GCMS, T.N. Venkatesh et al semi-implicit spectral element methods for atmospheric general circulation models, R.D. Loft and S.J. Thomas experiments with NCEP's spectral model, J-F Estrade et al the implementation of I/O servers in NCEP's ETA model on the IBM SP, J. Tuccillo implementation of a complete weather forecasting suite on PARAM 10 000, S.C. Purohit et al parallel load balance system of regional multiple scale advanced prediction system, J. Zhiyan grid computing for meteorology, G-R Hoffmann the requirements for an active archive at the Met Office, M. Carter intelligent support for high I/O requirements of leading edge scientific codes on high-end computing systems - the ESTEDI project, K. Kleese and P. Baumann coupled marine ecosystem modelling on high-performance computers, M. Ashworth et al OpenMP in the physics portion of the Met Office model, R.W. Ford and P.M. Burton converting the halo-update subroutine in the Met Office unified model to co-array Fortran, P.M. Burton et al parallel ice dynamics in an operational Baltic Sea model, T. Wilhelmsson parallel coupling of regional atmosphere and ocean models, S. Frickenhaus et al dynamic load balancing for atmospheric models, G. Karagiorgos et al HPC in Switzerland - new developments in numerical weather prediction, M. Ballabio et al the role of advanced computing in future weather prediction, A.E. MacDonald the scalable modelling system - a high-level alternative to MPI, M. Govett et al development of a next-generation regional weather research and forecast model, J. Michalakes et al parallel numerical kernels for climate models, V. Balaji using accurate arithmetics to improve numerical reproducibility and stability in parallel applications, Y. He and C.H.Q. Ding parallelization of a GCM using a hybrid approach on the IBM SP2, S. Cocke and Z. Christidis developments in high performance computing at Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center, K.D. Pollak and R.M. Clancy the computational performance of the NCEP seasonal forecast model on Fujitsu VPP5000 at ECMWF, H-M H. Juang and M. Kanamitsu panel experience on using high performance computing in meteorology - summary of the discussion, P. Prior.


Based on metrology, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) standard system proposes higher specification requirements for position tolerance evaluation. Based on analyzing of the definition of the axis of the plane and the measurement method, the least square method of parallel evaluation model is used for the model coordinate system transformation, so it can unify the elements of the tested elements and reference elements to simplify the assessment mode. The examples show that the method not only accords Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) standards, but also can evaluate the error of space on the plane parallel to the axis correctly and effectively.


The features of many Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have increased scuba diving tourism in these areas. Impacts caused by recreational scuba activity vary widely among different divers with differing underwater behaviour. We studied diver underwater behaviour, the effects on the natural environment, and the characteristics that may influence diver behaviour. In all, 181 recreational divers were followed, and contacts and the effects produced were recorded. Information on diver profile and dive features was recorded. Field sampling revealed that 175 of the divers observed (96.7%) made at least one contact with the seabed, with a mean contact of 41.20+ 3.55 (mean+ s.e.) per diver per 10 min. Flapping was the most frequent type of contact, and the main damage by this action was to raise sediment. Contact with the seabed was greater for males than for females, inexperienced divers than for experienced divers, camera or lantern (dive light) users than for non-users, and divers unaccompanied by a dive leader or who had not been briefed about avoiding seabed contact before undertaking a dive than for accompanied or briefed divers. A greater understanding of the causes of harmful behaviour may be useful for stricter management, reducing diving damage and assuring the sustainability of this activity in MPAs.


Properly done rail lubrication brings benefits such as fuel economy and improved operating efficiency. This article discusses some modern technologies that are bringing chemical and mechanical advances and combating environmental challenges as well.


Maternal responsiveness has been considered as an important concept for the understanding of different aspects of infant development, and this concept has been articulated with attachment theory. The objective of this article is to discuss critically the role of transcultural studies about maternal responsiveness, based on attachment theory, and to review of the recent literature about this subject. Considering attachment a valuable theoretical basis for investigations on mother-infant interactions and maternal responsiveness, the conclusions basically point to three issues: 1) the attachment theory needs to be investigated in different socio-cultural contexts, to be tested in its limits and to receive a transcultural validation; 2) research on maternal responsiveness should take into account the discussion on attachment theory and cultural differences; 3) the inclusion of the study of maternal responsiveness in a theoretical framework that takes into account socio-cultural variables is necessary.


Abstract : The paper evaluates a memory organization for a multiprocessor with look-ahead and interleaved multi-module main memory. The organization is modeled using IBM's General Purpose Simulation System/360 Language (GPSS). System parameters are evaluated to determine the extent of look-ahead required to obtain an optimal match between each processor and memory cycle time such that memory cycle time appears to equal the processor cycle time. Measurements of memory bandwidth, instruction waste, and storage interference are presented. (Author)


Waluh or pumpkin or Cucurbita moschata is known as one of carotenoid sources. Cucurbita moschata is rich in vitamins which are useful for health, furthermore it is dissolved in water, fenolat, flavonoid polysaccharides, mineral salts, and vitamin that is all beneficial to health . The pumpkin peel which is a waste from processing pumpkin fruit, turns out have carotenoids and vitamin A. This research aims to extract carotenoid from pumpkin peel with ultrasound extraction method using virgin coconut oil (VCO) as solvent. Extraction was done using ultrasound cleaner machine at 40 kHz frequency, 100 Watt power and 30 C temperature. Dried pumpkin peel powder (40 and 100 mesh) was extracted in different time (30, 60 and 90 minutes) and various in solid to solvent ratio. The filtrate as extraction product was analyzed by using Spectrophotometry UV-Vis at 490 nm wave length. The highest carotenoid concentration was 36.521 ppm that obtained at 60 minutes, 1:10 solid to solvent ratio and 40 mesh of solid size.


(Oafeng Oaqi Metal Grinding Materials Co., Ltd.) H.Jun (Material Division, China Society of Mechanical Engineering) Variations of micro-structure, residual stress of 18CrNiMo 7-6 steel after triple shot peening (TSP) against annealing time and temperature were studied. X-ray diffraction line profile analysis (XRDLPA) was used to identify changes of the micro-structure and residual stress relaxation behaviors of top surface of 18CrNiMo7-6 steel after TSP with intensity of 0.50 + 0.30 + 0.15 mmA during isothermal annealing. Results show that micro-strain and compressive residual stress (CRS) on top surface of 18CrNiMo7-6 steel after TSP decreases with the increases of annealing time while domain size increases with increasing annealing time at four fixed different temperatures. At the fixed time, changing rate of micro-structure and residual stress is bigger at higher annealing temperatures.


This article based on the comparative study of interdisciplinary vision of the Tu ethnic origin analysis and academic research,in order to reflect the related theoretical level,combining the practice of micro level case study and deeply investigation.In this paper the research on the integration of anthropology and make full use of the path,from research studies and diachronic and synchronic study,combining the method of auxiliary in recent years,in a wider use in academia oral history,text analysis method to study of the Tu ethnic in all-round and inspection.


Current standards governing the design, qualification and in-service inspection of carbon fibre composite cylinders do not facilitate to optimise cylinder design. The requirements have been adapted from standards for metallic cylinders and cannot easily quantify the degradation processes in composite materials. In this article, the results of hydraulic and hydrogen pressure cycle life tests performed on composite reinforced tanks with a metal liner (type 3) and with a high density polymer liner (type 4) are shown. Moreover, the degradation measured by means of residual strength of the tanks after the cycling tests have been compared. It has been found that the most critical aging for metal based composite cylinder is the gaseous cycling while type 4 designs seem to be more sensitive to hydraulic cycling at high temperature.


Fiber laser technology has been identified as the replacement power source for the existing Los Alamos TA-55 production laser welding system. An IPG YLR-6000 fiber laser was purchased, installed at SM-66 R3, and accepted in February 2008. No characterization of the laser and no welding was performed in the Feb 2008 to May 2009 interval. T. Lienert and J. Bernal (Ref. 1, July 2009) determined the existing 200 mm Rofin collimator and focus heads used with the Rofin diode pumped lasers were inadequate for use with the IPG laser due to clipping of the IPG laser beam. Further efforts in testing of the IPG laser with Optoskand fiber delivery optics and a Rofin 120 mm collimator proved problematic due to optical fiber damage. As a result, IPG design optical fibers were purchased as replacements for subsequent testing. Within the same interval, an IPG fiber-to-fiber (F2F) connector, custom built for LANL, (J. Milewski, S. Gravener, Ref.2) was demonstrated and accepted at IPG Oxford, MA in August 2009. An IPG service person was contracted to come to LANL to assist in the installation, training, troubleshooting and characterization of the multiple beam paths and help perform laser head optics characterization. The statement ofmore » work is provided below: In summary the laser system, optical fibers, F2F connector, Precitec head, and a modified Rofin type (w/120mm Optoskand collimator) IWindowIBoot system focus head (Figure 1) were shown to perform well at powers up to 6 kW CW. Power measurements, laser spot size measurements, and other characterization data and lessons learned are contained within this report. In addition, a number of issues were identified that will require future resolution.« less


In this paper, a new type of Hardy-Hilbert's integral inequality in which the weight function is homogeneous fuction are given. Other results are also obtained.


Background/Objectives: Club drug users have been shown to tend towards patterns of polydrug use, which has been linked to adverse health outcomes, such as impaired mental health, overdose, dependence, infectious disease exposure, and decreased cognitive functioning. Methods: We analyzed data from the Club Drugs and Health Project, a study designed to examine the patterns and contexts of club drug use among young adults. Four-hundred recent club drug users were recruited through time-space sampling. Results: Among recent cocaine users (n = 361), 61.2% were polydrug users. Male gender was predictive of polydrug cocaine use (OR = 1.66). Gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) sexual orientation, White race, and Non-Latino ethnicity were not. No differences in mental health factors were found between cocaine polydrug users and users of only cocaine. However, polydrug users were significantly more likely to score high on drug-related sensation seeking as well as to use drugs to deal with unpleasant emotions and to have pleasant times with others. Conclusions: Prevention and intervention efforts should account for contextual and motivational factors in attempting to reduce polydrug use and its negative effects.


When we speak of a co-operative society we usually mean a financial organization somewhat in the nature of a bank. In Europe, indeed, this is the prevailing type. The best definition of this type is 'financial co-operative society', since money is the binding factor or the object of such a society, either in the form of members' subscriptions, credit, or in any other form. This journal has published two articles on the problem of co-operative societies as it occurs in Africa. Both Strickland and Mumford lay particular stress upon the financial aspect of co-operation; the former suggests the regulating of the native financial position as the main task of African co-operative societies, and the latter advocates Peoples' Banks and co-operative societies on plantations with common capital, somewhat after the manner of the Raiffeisen and Schultze-Delitzsch associations. These are but suggestions, and they can point to the complete success of this kind of co-operative society in Europe, the importance of which can also be proved from tropical lands such as India. But how do matters stand in Africa, with its peculiar conditions? Here financial co-operation has scarcely made its appearance, and it is important from the ethnological point of view to study the background which makes it difficult for financial co-operation to gain an entry. The anthropologist must ask first and foremost, whether the native knows any form of co-operative work of his own, and if so, whether this indigenous form may not be made use of to build up a system of co-operative societies which is both modern and congenial. That is the question which the practical colonial politician addresses to the anthropologist: What are the natural sources of native co-operation, and what conditions must we observe if we wish to introduce a European form of co-operation? It is obvious that if the anthropologist considers these questions, a sound principle for co-operative work among the natives can be established. Even if we ascertain that financial co-operative societies are fundamentally foreign to the native, that does not affect the necessity of introducing them to-day. We must, however, determine the difficulties which beset the introduction of a system of financial co-operation, and thus help to overcome them.


The present invention relates to a non-conjugated cyclic polyene copolymer (A), content of structural units derived from α- olefin (A1) is 93 to 70 mol%, structural units of non-conjugated cyclic polyene (A2) from the content of 7 to 30 mol%, the properties were measured at 135 deg.] C decalin (decahydronaphthalene) viscosity [[eta]] is 0.01 ~ 20dl / g, a glass transition temperature (Tg) is less 40 ℃, iodine value 50 to 150. Rubber composition comprising a non-conjugated cyclic polyene copolymer (A) and the diene rubber (B), weight ratio, a cyclic polyene copolymer (A) non-conjugated / diene rubber (B) = 60/40 ~ 0.1 / 99.9, the tire having a tire tread comprising the vulcanizable rubber composition, both excellent braking performance and fuel consumption.


Based on two household surveys, carried out by 1990 and 1996, the present study examines micro-economic factors of the reduction of the poverty and the inequality in Mauritania. Firstly, according to econometric estimations, the per capita consumption of rural and urban households is influenced by the education of the head of household - despite the decline of returns between 1990 and 1996 -, the access to labour market, the geographic location and the demography of groups. Secondly, the decomposition of per capita consumption gaps for each sector, between 1990 and 1996, shows that these last are mainly explained by the differential of returns of household characteristic taken into account. Positive effects on the reduction of the poverty in the two sectors, between 1990 and 1996, of the geographic location, some demographic variables and rate of employment per household, have been counterbalanced by others demographic factors, and especially the negative impact of the returns of the education, a phenomenon probably related to the increase of urban unemployment in Mauritania. Thirdly,the unconditional group decomposition of the national Gini index suggests that the inequality of the per capita consumption is mainly explained by the within group inequality. But, between 1990 and 1996,the reduction of the Gini index of 8,6 points has been accompanied by alesser within group inequality -rural-urban - of the per capita consumption, a greatest homogeneity of sectors - diminution of the index of stratification - and a growth of between group inequality, a pattern of development that would seem different the process of Kuznets. Fourthly, the determinants of between group inequality show significant differences between sectors : (i) strong influence of the education and weak impact of the level of occupation in urban zones, comparatively to the rural sector ; (ii) relative stability of the determinants in countryside between 1990 and 1996, contrarily to agglomerations where one observes a strong reduction of the contribution of the education and the occupation of the head of household, and an elevation of the impact of the geographic location. (Full text in French)


As transistor dimensions are shrinking into regions of only a few atomic layers, designers are faced with various problems including increased reliability and power issues. Since these problems are amplified by higher circuit temperatures, this paper proposes an approach for the fine-grained modeling of temperature distribution in many-core systems based on Networks-on-Chip. With this model, algorithms can be developed that consider the significant impact of temperature ─ e.g. on performance, power or reliability. To simulate the dynamic nature of temperature, the thermal properties of according integrated systems are modeled through the instantiation of equivalent RC-circuits. This approach exploits the dualism between electrical and thermal flows of energy. Finally, an application with system control for task mapping and power management exemplifies the proposed simulation methodology.


Taylor-Couette flow has been studied extensively and lots of variables which affect the flow instability are being reported. The wall geometry effect of Taylor-Couette flow, however, has been less studied. In this study, we investigated the effect of axial slit of outer cylinder. This kind of configuration can be easily seen in rotating machinery. Particle image velocimetry method was used to measure the velocity fields in longitudinal and latitudinal planes. The index matching method was used to avoid light refraction. The velocity fields between the slit and plain model which has the smooth wall were compared. From the experiments, both models have the same flow mode below Re = 143. The transition from circular Couette flow to plain Taylor vortex flow began at Re = 103, and the next transition to wavy vortex flow occurred at 124. The effect of slit wall appeared when the Reynolds number is larger than Re = 143. Above this Reynolds number, there was no stable mode and plain and wavy Taylor vortex flow randomly appeared.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


The widspread use of Nanoparticles (NP), namely titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NP), in e.g. selfcleaning surface coatings, solar cells, water treatment agents and topical sunscreens, increase the environmental exposure raising concerns on their potential impact. Research on the safety, fate, behavior and biological effects of these particles on organisms and ecosystems are needed once ecotoxicological data are still scarce. Ana Picadoa, Liliana Moitaa, Susana M. Paixaoa, Luis Silvaa, Mario S. Dinizb,c,Elsa Mendoncaa a LNEG, Lisboa, Portugal b REQUIMTE, FCT/UNL, Caparica, Portugal c IMARFCT/UNL, Caparica, Portugal


Class Operation This class represents the Abstract Operation use case. Table 15 shows its methods and collaborating classes. It allows the user to choose a type of operation, sends email if operation is approved, and sends message to user interface if problem occurs. Methods Collaborators +performOperation() +sendEmail() +sendErrorMessage() Class Delk_eFormSystem Class Session Class Operation Table 15: Abstract Class Operation's Methods and collaborating classes Abstract Class MaintainObjects This class represents the Abstract Maintain Objects use case. Table 16 shows its methods and collaborating classes. It allows the user to choose a type of object to maintain.Class MaintainObjects This class represents the Abstract Maintain Objects use case. Table 16 shows its methods and collaborating classes. It allows the user to choose a type of object to maintain.


Self-development P.E.course gives teachers a new role to play.In order to implement the programme successfully,it is necessary for P.E.teachers to change their roles in five aspects.


Church employment contract terms (AVRs) have a different legal nature than collective agreements. In part, it is still unclear how AVRs are to be handled by labour courts—in particular within the scope of the control of general terms and conditions. This work examines the 'whether' and the 'how' of a labour court's control of AVRs.
The issue of how reference clauses in employment contracts are to be treated in labour court proceedings is another focus of this study. It points out that for both constitutional and simple legal reasons clauses in employment contracts referring to ecclesiastical AVRs are not subject to the control of general terms and conditions.


The engineering construction project core is quality,doing well the construction management is the foundation.Among them,the construction project records management has the pivotal function.The records will not only be the real record of engineering construction,also will be the important basis of comprehensive appraisal project quality,verifies the accident cause factor,the investigation accident responsibility in the future.The paper introduced the records management status of the priority engineering Mawu expressway construction project,refers for the colleague.


The growing development of Dispersed Generation (DG) asks for new management of distribution networks. In particular the DG determines different power flows along distribution feeders giving rise to new issues in protection systems. This paper addresses the issues of the Italian anti-islanding protection systems coordination. The aim is to evaluate the most used passive methods performances in case of network disturbances. On the basis of the results new schemes will be proposed to reduce nuisance tripping of anti-islanding protections.


Objectives:To study the chemical constituents of the volatile oil from Smilax glabra Roxb.Methods: The chemical compositions of the volatile oil of the plants which were obtained by steam distillation with hexane were analyzed by GC-MS.The constituents were identified by their mass spectra.The relative percentage of the oil constituents was calculated from the GC peak areas.Results: Forty kinds of chemical constituents in Smilax glabra Roxb.were separated;of which twenty-two compounds representing 47.88 % of the oil were characterized.Relative contents that were more than 1% were determined as palmitic acid 1 7.87%,terpinen-4-ol 7.533%,linoleic acid 6.775%,nonane 4.509%,8,11-Octadecadionic acid,methyl ester 2.215%,α-cedrol 1.810%,nethyl palmitate 1.293%.Conclusion: This paper reported,for the first time,the composition of essential oil of Smilax glabra Roxb.by GC/MS.


The author investigated factors that could determine whether a computer-enhanced curriculum has an effect on achievement among gender in mathematics, specifically college algebra. Students from College Algebra classes at a Historically Black College and University will form the sample. The author used a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the significance of the independent variables (Curriculum and Gender) on the dependent variable (Common Final Exam Score). In addition, the author determined if there differences in the attitudes of male and female students as a result of a computer-enhanced curriculum.
One hundred sixty students from eight College Algebra classes at a Historically Black College and University (HBCU) formed the sample. The author used a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the significance of the independent variables (Curriculum and Gender) on the dependent variable (Common Final Exam Score). Results taken from using a two-way ANOVA indicated a statistically significant difference for the independent variable-curriculum. Thus, a computer-enhanced curriculum was shown to have an effect on student achievement in college algebra. On the other hand, the independent variable-gender, along with the interaction of curriculum and gender, with the dependent variable, indicated no significant difference. This study also noted that the female students scored higher than their male counterparts in a traditional curriculum but lower in a computer-enhanced curriculum. However, the author recommends that educators implement some form of technology in their teaching and also suggests that further explorations of these factors be conducted for longer time periods and across other disciplines.
To supplement the quantitative analysis, interviews were conducted to determine students' attitudes toward technology in their mathematics classes. The females' attitudes towards technology were amiable while the males' attitudes were aloof. Males indicated a preference of pencil and paper while the females enjoyed working with technology. In addition, males had more pre-college computer experience. However, all interviewees acknowledged the importance computers will have in classrooms in the future.


This document specifies how to use IEEE Std 1394-1995, Standard for a High Performance Serial Bus (and its supplements), for the transport of Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) datagrams. It defines the necessary methods, data structures and code for that purpose and additionally defines a standard method for Address Resolution Protocol (ARP).


I am writing this editorial just after ICASSP 2019 was held in Brighton, United Kingdom. During ICASSP, all IEEE Signal Processing Society (SPS) publications have their annual editorial board meetings. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine (SPM ) is no exception. In this column, I summarize some of the items that we discussed at the meeting and provide a general overview of the state of the magazine. This is also an appropriate time for me to reflect as my three-year term is half completed.


An effective approach to C1-difluoromethylated tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives has been developed through C-H functionalization of tertiary amines by visible-light photoredox catalysis. This method uses stable, easily obtained α,α-difluorinated gem-diol as the CF2 source. The corresponding products were obtained in moderate to high yields at ambient temperature.


The seismic prospecting with the characteristics of smaller economy invest but bigger economic performance and social performances has been already extensively understood by the coal productions and construction units.That the thesis analysizes the situation of it by the practical example,has a certain reference sinificance.


Zooplankton community structure and biomass are important indicators of the ecological state of lakes. Species composition and biomass are influenced by biotic factors such as lake productivity (McCAULEY & i<ALFF 1981, RoGNERUD & KJELLBERG 1984), predation by fish and invertebrates (BROOKS & DoosON 1965, ZARET 1980), and abiotic factors like temperature, water renewal and water movements (MooRE 1980, PATALAS & SALKI 1992). We have studied the crustacean plankton at rwo stations in a large waterbody, Lake Randsfjorden. The main basin of the lake has been oligotrophic with no major changes in water quality during the last three decades, whereas the shallower northern basin has been moderately eutrophicated during the years 1988-1997 (L0VJK & RüGNERUD 1998). Since 1989, hydropower regulatian in the main inlet river has caused an increase in summer water renewal time in the northern basin. Predation pressure from whitefish ( Coregonus lavaretus) has been highest in the northern basin, but i t has increased markedly at both stations since the seventies (STYRVOLD et al. 1981, SKURDAL et al. 1993). The aim of our study was to examine by multivariate statistics the relative importance of abiotic and biotic factors for the long-term changes in the planktonic crustacean biomass and species compostion at rwo stations in the lake.


A robust learning control strategy is presented for uncertain linear system with mismatched disturbance. A linear model with both mismatched uncertainty and disturbance is proposed firstly, in which the information of uncertainty and disturbance are unknown. Based on a reference model, a tracking error based linear model is built. What's more, the input matrix of the linear model is assumed to be suffering from uncertainty. An extended state observer is built to approximate the uncertainty and disturbance online, and then a novel state tracking error based sliding surface is proposed. The stability of the sliding surface is guarantee by the designing parameter. A sliding mode based learning controller is designed for the closed-loop uncertain system. Moreover, a numerical simulation result on hypersonic flight vehicles is proposed to test the presented method.


This paper starts from a Verrius Flaccus gloss, reported by Festus in his epitome (182, 18-23 L), which explains the meaning of the Latin term noegeum . This gloss raises some issues, in particular concerning the ambivalence of the tradition about the meaning of noegeum . Moreover, noegeum is an apparently isolated form in Latin and, also, in comparison with other Indo-European languages. In this paper I will show that the ambivalence of the tradition is only apparent: on the basis of both the original meaning preserved by the tradition («candidum ac perlucidum») and some formal considerations, I want to propose the hypothesis of a derivation of noegeum from * snoigh w -ejo- "niveum" ( lat. nĭx , nĭvis ) or alternating with it: this base can account for the presence of some Romance outcomes such as sp. nieve , whose vocalism cannot be the regular reflex of lat. nĭvem .


Thermoelectricity has been recognized as an environmentally friendly energy conversion technology due to its ability to directly achieve conversion between heat and electricity for a long time. β- has attracted considerable interest as promising thermoelectric material in the moderate temperature range (500 K–900 K), which is the temperature range of most industrial waste heat sources. In this paper, first we present the structure of β- and the traditional doping strategy used to enhance its performance. Next, we review the details of some new methods utilized for improving the thermoelectric properties of β- and its thermal stability as well as reliability. Finally, the review finishes with highlighting some promising strategies for future research directions in the material.


Aim Bladder cancer is the second most common urological malignancy after prostate cancer. Increase in the post-void residual (PVR) volume may result in an increase in the risk of cancer recurrence. Methods Patient demographic data, tumor stage and grade, PVR volume and 2 years follow-up data for recurrence were obtained and evaluated. Results One-hundred-and-nineteen patients were subdivided into three groups according to PVR urine volume. The increase of PVR volume was related to short recurrence-free survival (RFS) especially for patients with PVR volume of 60 ml or more. Conclusion Low PVR volume in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer may play a role in reducing cancer recurrence. However further research is needed in this field.


Cloud Computing is a paradigm of both parallel processing and distributed computing. It offers computing facilities as a utility service in pay as par use manner. Virtualization, self-service provisioning, elasticity and pay per use are the key features of Cloud Computing. It provides different types of resources over the Internet to perform user submitted tasks. In cloud environment, huge number of tasks are executed simultaneously, an effective Task Scheduling is required to gain better performance of the cloud system. Various Cloud-based Task Scheduling algorithms are available that schedule the user's task to resources for execution. Due to the novelty of Cloud Computing, traditional scheduling algorithms cannot satisfy the cloud's needs, the researchers are trying to modify traditional algorithms that can fulfil the cloud requirements like rapid elasticity, resource pooling and on-demand self-service. In this paper the current state of Task Scheduling algorithms has been discussed and compared on the basis of various scheduling parameters like execution time, throughput, makespan, resource utilization, quality of service, energy consumption, response time and cost.


The paper presents the requirements for rising the quality of educational processes. There are defined the context in which the activities of our course are unreeled. It is supposed a series of measures for changing the human factor role toward efficiency and creativity.


We propose a theory of dynamic dielectric response in organic ferroelectrics PVDF, P(VDF/TrFE) copolymer before and after irradiation by fast electrons. For this purpose, we use random field formalism. In the adopted model we consider above polymers as disordered ferroelectrics in mixed ferroglass phase (FG) with a coexistence of polar short- and long-range order regions. Short-range order regions correspond to amorphous layers, while long-range order regions appears in the crystalline phase of all-trans conformation. In our formalism, we account for change of VDF content as well as for the influence of irradiation, by variation of content of electric dipoles and other random field sources. The downward shift of para-ferroelectric phase transition temperature and gradual transformation of mixed FG phase into dipole glass state with the increase of the irradiation dose was shown to be related to the self-consistent change of parameters of random field distribution function. We were able to fit the low-temperature dynamic dielectric response related to amorphous phase by Vogel-Fulcher (V-F) law with parameters close enough to those observed in the experiment. The coincidence between calculated and measured behaviour (namely, almost complete disappearance of high-temperature maxima, corresponding to ferroelectric phase transition, their submergence into low-temperature maxima and V-F law for low-temperature maxima of absorption) of irradiated samples speaks in favour of irradiation induced relaxor behaviour of P(VDF/TrFE) copolymers. We also discuss the physical reasons for choice of parameters necessary to fit our theory to the experiment.


Aims: To assess the effectiveness of intra-articular facet joint injections in controlling disability in patients with low back pain. Methods: 100 consecutive patients admitted in our day case unit for facet joint injections were included in the study. Fluoroscopically controlled intra-articular facet joint block with injection of a local anaesthetic and corticosteroid suspension was performed after clinical and radiological assessment. Disability due to back pain was assessed by determining a revised Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index (Oswestry Score). The patients completed a questionnaire immediately prior to treatment, two weeks following injection and three months following injection. Results: Facet joint injections were performed for intervertebral disc prolapse (66%), spondylolysthesis (13%), spinal stenosis (10%), spondylosis (7%), and sacro-iliac joint pain (4%). The mean Oswestry Score prior to injection was 40.6% (95% conþdence interval 4.4), at two weeks following injection was 26.6% (95% conþdence interval 4.9) and at three months following injection was 21.5% (95% conþdence interval 4.8). 78% of the patients found the facet joint injections useful at 2 weeks following treatment and this þgure was maintained (79%) at 3 months after injection. No complications were reported following treatment. Conclusions: We have found intra-articular facet joint block for the treatment of low back pain a valid therapeutic option, acceptable by the patients and with negligible risks.


We report our experience in the treatment of four patients with pruritus associated with polycythaemia vera with UVB phototherapy. A bank of six 40-W tubes (Philips TL12) with an emission spectrum ranging from 290 to 320 nm (peak at 300 nm) was employed. The first irradiation dose was two-thirds of the minimal erythema dose (MED). The treatment schedule consisted of three irradiation sessions per week with dose increments equal to δ2 each session. A complete remission of pruritus was achieved in three of the four patients after a mean of 24 treatments (total dose 11.94 J/cm2).


[Objective] To study the feasibility of sodium Carboxymety-lcellulose(CMC) as an anticancer drug carrier in the transcatheter intra-arterial chemotherapy for ovarian carcinoma.[Methods] To detect the plasma concentration of adriamycin(ADM) dynamically in patients with advanced stage ovarian carcinoma after infusing Lip-ADM(n=6),ADM-alone(n=6) and CMC-ADM(n=6) respectively via internal iliac artery and then compare the results.[Results] The peak level of ADM in ADM-alone infusion group was high(1.95 μg/ml) and decreased rapidly.The peak levels of ADM in Lip-ADM and CMC-ADM groups were relatively low((0.75) μg/ml and 0.92 μg/ml) and decreased slowly.Compared with ADM-alone infusion group,there were significant difference(P0.05).[Conclusion] CMC as an anticancer drug carrier had better delayed release capability and safety in the interventional treatment of ovarian carcinoma.


Abstract Uranyl ion imprinted polymer particles were prepared by the copolymerization of styrene monomer and a crosslinking agent divinyl benzene in the presence of -5,7-dichloroquinoline-8-ol-4-vinyl pyridine ternary complex as template where in is the imprint ion in presence of 2,2′-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile as initiator. The Uranyl ion was removed from the polymer particles by leaching with 1:1 HCl, which leaves cavities in the polymer particles. The leached polymer particles preconcentrate ion from dilute aqueous and synthetic seawater solutions. Further, these particles find use in the separation of ion from various bivalent, trivalent, and tetravalent, inorganic ions. The accuracy of the developed enrichment procedure was tested by analyzing marine sediment certified reference material supplied by National Research Council (NRC), Canada. Further, the developed procedure has been successfully employed to analyze real soil and sediment samples.


In 1995, the International Centre for Educational Change and the Peel District Board of Education in Ontario, Canada initiated the Change Frames project to assist four secondary schools to build and sustain their 'capacity' to deal with the changing educational environment in Ontario. The Change Frames strategy required each school to analyse its unique context using each of seven frames-purpose, emotions, politics, structure, culture, learning and leadership. This article reviews the project through the 'leadership' lens. In particular, we study the leadership of the principals in the Change Frames schools over a three-year period that involved dramatic government-mandated changes to secondary education in Ontario. The article reports on interviews conducted with the four project school principals, a sample of staff members in 1997 and 1998, and focus group interviews conducted with staff members in each school in 1999. The analysis revealed that the project had been both helpful and problematic in all schools, that there were particular barriers to using some of the ideas, but that a great deal of learning about change had taken place through experience and reflection. Perhaps more significantly, the analysis has enabled the authors to suggest some tentative learnings about the relationships of leadership and change during turbulent times.


After fission or fusion reactor shutdown the activated structure emits decay photons. For maintenance operations the radiation dose map must be established in the reactor building. Several calculation schemes have been developed to calculate the shutdown dose rate. These schemes are widely developed in fusion application and more precisely for the ITER tokamak. This paper presents the rigorous-two-steps scheme implemented at CEA. It is based on the TRIPOLI-4 ® Monte Carlo code and the inventory code MENDEL. The ITER shutdown dose rate benchmark has been carried out, results are in a good agreement with the other participant.


(22) Filed: Dec. 15, 1999 A wound dressing (1) comprising a layer of absorbent foam O O material (2) which includes a pattern of holes (4). The holes Related U.S. Application Data open out on that Side of the foam material which lies proximal to the wearer's skin when the dressing (1) is worn, (63) Continuation of application No. 08/973,776, filed on Jan. 6, and the layer of foam material is coated with a layer (3) of 1998, now Pat. No. 6,051.747. skin-adhering hydrophobic gel, wherein those end parts of (30) Foreign Application Priority Data the walls of the holes in the foam material that lie proximal to the wearer's skin when the dressing is worn are gel coated. A method of producing Such a dressing is also


Propagation modes in four-layer electrooptical waveguides, single mode conversion conditions, have been studied as a function of the electrooptic coefficients and the active and intermediate layer's thickness.


Objective To investigate the effects of epidural antibioticson treatment of spinal epidural abscess(SEA)in rabbits in comparison with the use of intravenous antibiotics in veins.Methods Sixteen rabbits catheterized in epidurally,classified into 3 groups randomly:intvavenous antibiotics in vein(A group)(n=6),epidural antibiotics(B group)(n=6)and contral group(C group)(n=4).Developed an experimental model by injecting Staphylococcus aureus into the epidural space from the catheter to produce spinal epidund abscess in all groups.The food and drink,activity,body temperature,neurological dysfunction and C-reactive protein(CaD value of the rabitts were observed in the period.The pathological changes of SEA were studied in rabbits with light and transmission electron microscope.Results After administration of antibiotics,the CRP values were lower than before in both A and B groups(P<0.05).The pathological changes were improved obviously after administration of antibiotics.Condusions The use of epidural antibiotics WaS as effective as inwavenous antibiotics in treatment of SEA.

Key words:
spinal epidural abscess; antibiotics; epidural catheterize; rabbit


Simulators are interactive and dynamic tools that stimulate, encourage new ideas, and instigate knowledge acquisition to support problem solving and decision making. Their use is fundamental in health professionals' training. This is a technological study for the experimental development of a low-cost prototype for training technical skills in intraosseous puncture, using the methodology of problematization. Intraosseous puncture is a simple procedure, quick to perform, and with a high success rate, all advantageous characteristics in emergency facilities. In recent years, it was observed that prior training in simulators for patient safety was required, making it essential in quality professional training. It is concluded that the model presented becomes feasible in teaching of intraosseous puncture procedure as it allows this skill training in a safe and low-cost way.


Extreme biodiversity of tropical ecosystems with respect to other habitat types has yet to be satisfactorily explained. Our experiments indicate that differences in fish community composition among microhabitats in the Rio Claro of Parque Nacional Corcovado, Costa Rica, may be influenced by differences in abiotic factors. We examined fish communities and physical characteristics of three stream sections. We manipulated substrate type to test for changes in the local distribution of one guild of Gobiidae that was typically associated with cobble substrate. Where cobble substrate was added, abundance of fish taxa belonging to this guild generally increased, and where cobble substrate was replaced with sand, we observed a decrease in abundance. High specialization of these fish to abiotic stream features appears to contribute to high local diversity.


The objective of this research based on the sub-domain dependence theory of satisfaction is to compare differences in relative importance of ski resort attributes to overall satisfaction of two prominent market segments (i.e., Korean and Chinese) of ski resorts in Gangwon Province, Korea. The analysis of findings is based on attribute-related satisfaction and overall satisfaction of visitors to the ski resorts during the 2010-2011 full season. Multiple regressions are conducted to test a research hypothesis. Findings demonstrate that relative importance of ski resort attributes to visitors` overall satisfaction differs between the market segments. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.


The notion of corporate social responsibility (CSR) becomes increasingly popular internationally, but there are few studies which investigated historical development of CSR at corporate level strategy. Based on an exploratory research approach, this paper studied the historical perspectives of CSR and the relevant corporate strategies. The analysis suggests that CSR cannot be separated from corporate strategy. Thus, firms have several factors to consider with respect to choosing appropriate CSR strategies. With the descriptive findings, this study addresses four CSR strategies for industries. These include cost and risk minimization strategy; gaining competitive advantage by developing business opportunity and leveraging opportunity; reputation and brand value strategy; and synergistic value creation strategy.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a milk composition substitute suppressed both in oozing of oil and fat and coagulation of powder by temperature change during preservation, and to provide a method for producing the substitute milk composition. SOLUTION: This milk composition substitute is suppressed both in oozing of oil and fat and coagulation of powder by temperature change during preservation through addition of a saturated fatty acid-binding emulsifier of HLB (Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance) of 5 or less. The method for producing the milk composition substitute is also provided. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT


In a recent edition of Economic Affairs, Edwin van de Haar provides evidence against the thesis that trade fosters peace. However, I argue his description of the "trade-fosters-peace" thesis as insufficiently precise is incorrect. By its nature, we must use probabilistic language. Furthermore, I argue against his discussion that Adam Smith did not think trade could foster peace between two nations, though Smith is not as strong in the liberal peace thesis as some modern interpreters would argue.


This article is devote to analyze results of science project Paradigms of artistic consciousness in the narrative culture (the state contract № 14.740.11.1394 from October 20, 2011).


The Guidelines (GLs) implementation toolbox, developed by the UEG Quality of Care Task Force, contains a checklist of questions that should be taken into consideration when applying international, specialist society guidelines to national or local practice. It also includes a list of practical examples/tools as to how GLs can be adapted, displayed and distributed for easier use in daily clinical practice. UEG encourages everyone to consult this checklist before starting an implementation project. Questions that should be considered before implementing a GL nationally/locally


Extracts from the central nervous system of mammals contain material (Factor I) which blocks impulse generation in the stretch receptor neurones of the crayfish (Florey, 1954). The same extracts block transmission in the inferior mesenteric and stellate ganglia of cat and rabbit (Florey & McLennan, 1955 a) and inhibit monosynaptic spinal reflexes in the cat (Florey &McLennan, 1955b). Purification of Factor I yielded y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) which appears to be responsible for most of the activity on the crayfish stretch receptor (Bazemore, Elliott & Florey, 1956, 1957). Hayashi & Nagai (1956) reported that GABA, applied directly to the cortex or injected into the carotid artery, inhibits electrically or chemically induced convulsions in dogs, and McLennan (1956) found that GABA protected mice against fatal strychnine convulsions for a period of 5-10 min. On the other hand Brockman & Burson (1957) were unable to protect mice against a lethal dose of strychnine given 5 min after an intraperitoneal injection ofGABA. Purpura, Girado & Grundfest (1957a, b) and Iwama & Jasper (1957) showed that topically applied GABA reverses surface negative post-synaptic potentials of the apical dendrites evoked by various stimuli in the cerebral cortex of unanaesthetized cats. Iwama & Jasper (1957) also found that the effect of GABA on the cat's cerebral cortex was restricted to the surface layers and Edwards & Kuffler (1957) showed that GABA prevents the production of the generator potential in the dendrites of the crayfish stretch receptor neurone by increasing conductance in the synaptic region. In one of his earlier publications Florey (1953) reported that partly purified Factor I-containing extracts had a marked antiacetylcholine effect on the


We evaluated the relationship between plasma anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations in Japanese Black (JB) heifers at 7−10 months of age and the number of embryos recovered after superovulation treatment in selected ovum pick-up donors, concomitantly with changes in their AMH concentrations before and after parturition. Plasma AMH concentrations in heifers were positively correlated with the total number of follicles (r = 0.647, P < 0.01) and embryos (r = 0.681, P < 0.01) recovered from the animals postpartum, when selected as donor cows, but did not correlate with the total number of transferable embryos. No difference was observed between the plasma AMH concentration at the heifer period and the postpartum period. Additionally, serum AMH concentrations of heifers weakly correlated with the number of follicles and embryos recovered by virgin flush after superovulation treatment at 13−15 months of age. Therefore, a single blood AMH concentration measurement may accelerate intensive JB cattle breeding.


Background: Rabies is a zoonotic infectious disease that infects the human and animal central nervous system. Worldwide, especially in low-income countries, this disease is still a burden for public health. Among the rabies virus proteins, phosphoprotein plays a very important role in viral infection, and this research found that immunization of rabies virus vaccines could widely induce antibody responses against phosphoprotein, therefore rabies virus phosphoprotein may be a useful target for development of rapid and low cost serological diagnosis test, and therapeutic drugs. Objectives: The aim of this study was to prepare anti-rabies virus phosphoprotein monoclonal antibody, which is used for rapid detection and diagnosis of rabies virus infection. Methods: The phosphoprotein gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and sub-cloned in a his-tagged prokaryotic expression vector to generate a recombinant plasmid named pET-32a-RABV-P. Recombinant RABV-P was induced by isopropyl-β-D-Thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), and then purified by the Ni-NTA purification system. Immunization of BALB/c mice with the recombinant protein was performed, and the spleen cells of the immunized mice and SP2/0 myeloma cells were fused together to obtain the monoclonal cell strains, and then identification of the characteristics of the antibody by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting, and indirect immunofluorescence assay was done. Results: The prokaryotic expression vector of pET-32a-RABV-P was successfully constructed. The fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta and purified. After cell fusion, a hybridoma cell line 1A4 was successfully obtained. The antibody titer of the anti-RABV-P ascites reached 256,000. The results of western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence assay indicated that 1A4 hybridoma cell line was able to produce specific antibodies against rabies virus phosphoprotein. Conclusions: Recombinant rabies virus phosphoprotein could be successfully expressed in E. coli. A specific monoclonal antibody against rabies virus phosphoprotein has been successfully prepared.


ABSTRACT This study suggests how easily distorted communication can arise in formal administrative discourse when the interests of those with some stake in the matter under discussion are not represented among the participants. After discussing the nature of power and its exercise in administrative settings, the article presents three episodes of discourse analysis. Members of a Board of Trustees were highly successful in debating and reaching suitable conclusions when the agenda items concerned their own close interests; they were able to create a discursive context that was relatively free of distorting ideologies, and which allowed participants to judge the sincerity, truth, justifiability, and meaningfulness of what was said. However, when the meeting agenda broached the affairs of an out-group with no known patronage on the Board, distortions in communication and small injustices became common; the out-group's interests were compromised. The article generalizes from the use of discursive power in this instance to the treatment of other culturally different minorities whose views and interests are not well represented among administrators and policy makers. It recommends how discursive power could be exercised more fairly in social institutions, and in public administration generally. (Discourse, power, minority groups, ideology, educational administration)


This chapter contends that along with the digital culture being effective in the lives of individuals, the demands, tastes, entertainment and shopping patterns of groups have also changed. This change is undoubtedly a major influence on the development of communication technologies. However, as the communication technologies evolve, the decision is made by individuals using these technologies in their lives effectively. Listening to the story, imagining the heroes of this story, and mental communication with the heroes of the dream-like story are the features that human beings bring from the oral culture period. Nowadays, the desire to listen and listen to the stories of the individual is part of the consumption process. In this context, transmedia, history and transmediatic transformation of brands will be explained in the chapter.


Methotrexate (MTX) is an anchor drug in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is the preferred first line agent for this condition. It has a well established efficacy and safety profile but gastrointestinal (GI) side effects of oral route may restrict its use in most of the patients [1, 2]. Subcutaneous MTX is reported to be well tolerated and more effective even at higher doses than used orally [3, 4]. Subcutaneous form is suggested to be more expensive but it can impede the introduction of biologics and provide considerable savings [5, 6]. The aim of this study was to evaluate if subcutaneous MTX was more effective in our group of patients with RA, previously received oral MTX and switched to subcutaneous MTX, due to GI side effects.