More than 20 years has passed since the first report on the growth of a III-V-based magnetic semiconductor epilayer [1]. Nowadays, experimental and theoretical aspects of carrier-mediated ferromagnetism in semiconductors have been developed to great extent on the platform primarily based on III-Mn-V systems [2,3]; the highest Curie temperatures are over 90 K [4] and 190 K [5], respectively, for (In,Mn)As and (Ga,Mn)As. Apparent luminescence property in these materials, however, has yet to be pursued. Ferromagnetism in oxide-based semiconductors appears to be reproducible and controllable, at least for TiO2 based system in which Curie temperature is higher than room temperature [6]. Realization of group-IV based, homogeneous magnetic semiconductors has remained to be an open subject to be challenged. Taking physical and chemical diversity of host materials into account, discussions as to the area of future applications of magnetic semiconductors would not be restricted within the limit of devices for electrical computers, as would be discussed at the time of presentation [7,8,9,10].


Financial ethics is the totality of ethical relations,ethical consciousness,ethical criterions and ethical activities involved in financial activities.Financial ethics has general and narrow means.The development of economic theory,management science and applied ethics has been revealing the morality of corporations and the ethics of financial activities.Financial ethics has its full theoretical basis.In the financial activities,there are three forms of financially ethical relations between natural person and legal person,natural persons and legal persons,which present itself with gradations,duality,formal and dynamical characteristics.The financially ethical criterions mainly have credit criterion and equity criterion and the two criterions promote each other mutually.The operating mechanism of financial ethics includes external safeguard mechanism,internal adjustment mechanism,market incentive mechanism and social morality mechanism etc.These mechanisms mutually take effect to promote the healthy development of financial ethics.


Screenplay by Christopher Hampton. Directed by David Cronenberg. Produced by Jeremy Thomas. A German/Canadian co-production distributed by Universal Pictures (Germany/Austria), Lionsgate (UK), Sony Pictures Classics (US), BIM (Italy), and Mars (France). Released in the United States November 23,


In situ extraction by organic solvent was studied in order to improve the recovery yield of hydrocarbon from the culture of Botryococcus braunii, a green colonial microalga. When the solvent mixture of octanol as an extractive solvent and n-octane as a biocompatible solvent was added to a two-phase column, the algal growth was seriously inhibited, even at a low concentration of polar octanol. Therefore, a two-stage cell-recycle extraction process was proposed to improve the contact area between the organic phase and the aqueous phase. The hydrocarbon recovery with in situ cell-recycle extraction showed a three-fold increase (57% of cell) in yield over that with two-phase extraction. In addition, over 60% of the hydrocarbon could be recovered without serious cell damage by downstream separation when this process was applied to the culture broth after batch fermentation.


Chalil Raad1 was one of the most important Arab photographers in the Middle East, beginning in the late nineteenth century, and one of the first – if not the first – active in Palestine (Fig. 6.1). Though born in Lebanon, Raad lived in Palestine for seven decades, was professionally active, mainly in it, for six, and created a significant and impressive oeuvre. He photographed the everyday life of the locals, mainly indigenous Palestinian urban and rural landscapes, social/family scenes, and portraits in the studio or in the public sphere, in a staged, semi-staged or documentary manner, for commercial and


Inter-Organizational Systems (IOS) are technologies that facilitate the transfer of information across the borders of an organization. This paper empirically explores the drivers and effects of IOS use in a SubSaharan African country, a context not empirically explored in previous studies. The paper proposes that IOS use is driven by institutional pressures, and results in the creation of Supply Chain Capabilities, which leads to higher Supply Chain Performance of firms. Data for the study was obtained from a survey of 200 firms operating in Ghana that use IOS, and analyses was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. The findings reveal that Coercive Pressures and Normative Pressures are important in driving IOS use in Ghana. IOS use was also found to positively impact Supply Chain Capabilities, which in turn positively impacts Supply Chain Performance. Implications for research and practice are presented based on the findings of the study.


Introduction Overall survival of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remains poor as patients are frequently diagnosed at late stage. The evaluation of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has been shown to offer a non-invasive method for cancer detection. However, detection rates of ctDNA in patients with early stage cancers have been low. The distribution of ctDNA levels in this population is unknown, and the analytical requirements for a test to detect the majority of cancers cannot be defined. Methods The LUCID study (LUng cancer - CIrculating tumour DNA study) recruited 100 patients with stage I-IIIB NSCLC according to the TNM 7th edition and collected plasma samples before and after radical treatment by surgery or radiotherapy +/- chemotherapy with curative intent. To measure levels of ctDNA in patients with early stage disease and very low tumor burden we developed a method for INtegration of VAriant Reads (INVAR), which uses sequencing data across hundreds to thousands of tumor-mutated loci to detect ctDNA in plasma samples at high sensitivity. We applied INVAR to 90 of the patients from the LUCID study, where tumor sequencing data was available. To measure ctDNA in the remaining LUCID patients, we applied the InVision® amplicon-based plasma sequencing assay. Results Across the 100 patients, ctDNA signals were observed in 67% of samples obtained prior to treatment. ctDNA was detected in 66% of cases, with ctDNA levels as low as 9.1x10-6 (9 parts per million), at a detection threshold with 95% specificity. ctDNA was detected in 52% of 60 patients with stage I NSCLC and in 88% of 40 patients with stage II/III disease. Analyzing different histological subtypes, ctDNA was detected in 79% of squamous cell carcinomas and 60% of adenocarcinomas. We found a good agreement when comparing the ctDNA results obtained from INVAR and the InVision® assay. Conclusions Our findings suggest that an assay with sensitivity to below 10 parts per million may be able to detect ctDNA in as many as 2/3 of patients with early stage NSCLC prior to treatment, including the majority of adenocarcinoma cases. Additionally, patient-specific analysis of ctDNA has the potential to aid in longitudinal cancer monitoring and in detection of low tumor burden and minimal residual disease. We aim to apply this approach to serial samples obtained through the LUCID study to investigate its application in treatment management. Citation Format: Katrin Heider, Jonathan C. Wan, Davina Gale, Andrea Ruiz-Valdepenas, Florent Mouliere, James Morris, Nagmi R. Qureshi, Wendi Qian, Jerome Wulff, Nikolaos Demiris, Karen Howarth, Emma Green, Viona Rundell, Tim Eisen, Wendy Cooper, Christopher G. Smith, Charles Massie, Susan Harden, Doris M. Rassl, Robert C. Rintoul, Nitzan Rosenfeld. ctDNA detection in early stage non-small cell lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 736.


Suprapubic aspiration (SPA) is the gold standard for obtaining uncontaminated urine specimens in young febrile children. The use of real‐time ultrasound (RTUS) has been shown to increase the success rate of SPA. The BladderScan (BSUS) Verathon® is an alternative portable ultrasound device designed to provide automated measurement of bladder volume. Although simple and requiring minimal training, there are no data on the success rate of SPA using the device.


Health systems in developed economies face a tremendous fiscal challenge. On one hand, demand for health care is expected to keep on increasing, considering population ageing and increasing comorbidities. On the other hand, health care costs are growing substantially, with technology and innovation contributing to much of that increase. Finally, modest economic growth limits the fiscal space available to finance increases in health care spending. Many of these challenges have been identified decades ago, suggesting that focus should be given to improve the value for money in health systems.


The influences of Art Nouveau and Art Deco are as follow: The first, in the side of silhouette, hourglass style and bell shaped skirt influence on mordern fashion chiefly and S-curve style was mollified. Empire style, hobble skirt, minaret style, kimono style, harem style, boyish style in art deco age are all showed diversely, in these styles especially boyish style give an outstanding trasts to modern fashion. The second, the color of art deco, characterized by pastel in art nouveau`s color tone, original color and black and gold was reflected on the textile design and showed diversely in the color of modern fashion. The third, in the field of textile and pattern, flower and plant which was a motive of art nouveau style, organic curve and geometrical pattern and exotic motive was seperately used with motive in the pattern and design of mordern. Textile of goldish and silver tone, metal stuff, lace, embroidery, fur, artifical flower, feather etc. showed up on the many parts of clothing. Like this Art Nouveau and Art Deco style not only had a great effect on the costume but also decorations and formative arts.


Bullying is a tenacious problem in schools. Usual strategies that attempt to regulate behaviour and improve interpersonal relationships have not yielded significant and sustained change in school cultures of violence. Usually overlooked in programmes, policies and research are indications of how social differences are a factor of bullying behaviours. Such differences mirror broader categories that are socially significant, such as race, religion, gender, physical and mental ability and sexual orientation. We employed photo elicitation methods to acquire and assess students' responses to images we collected of children and youth who represent a wide spectrum of human diversity. We asked participants to 'think out loud' about who would mostly likely be targeted for bullying and to explain why. Our analysis of the data indicates that our participants are aware of how social difference is linked to bullying. The themes we identify lead us to endorse bridging the gap between current anti-bullying strategies and theory and approaches that account for social difference.


Classicalization is a phenomenon of redistribution of energy - initially stored in few hard quanta - into the high occupation numbers of the soft modes, described by a final state that is approximately classical. Using an effective Hamiltonian, we first show why the transition amplitudes that increase occupation numbers are exponentially suppressed and how a very special family of classicalizing theories compensates this suppression. This is thanks to a large micro-state entropy generated by the emergent gapless modes around the final classical state. The dressing of the process by the super-soft quanta of these modes compensates the exponential suppression of the transition probability. Hence, an unsuppressed classicalization takes place exclusively into the states of exponentially enhanced memory storage capacity. Next, we describe this phenomenon in the language of a quantum neural network, in which the neurons are represented as interconnected quantum modes with gravity-like negative-energy synaptic connections. We show that upon an injection of energy in form of a hard quantum stimulus, the network reaches the classicalized state of exponentially enhanced memory capacity with order one probability. We construct a simple model in which the transition results into classical states that carry an area-law micro-state entropy. In this language, a non-Wilsonian UV-completion of the Standard Model via classicalization implies that above cutoff energy the theory operates as a brain network that softens the high energy quanta by bringing itself into the state of a maximal memory capacity. A similar interpretation applies to black hole formation in particle collision.


Production process data acquisition and tele-monitoring for large scale power station is an enterprise level system,which developed by self-determination,sends data to each control station by the data acquisition box based on fieldbus.It constructs the monitoring center of the power station with the data of each control station,realizing the tele-monitoring for production process and facility function of the power station.


Abstract A precise cochleostomy is a crucial step in cochlear implantation, particularly if residual hearing is to be preserved. A contactless ablation of the promontory bone by a pulsed CO2 laser system seems to be a promising approach. The bone is removed by a scan head controlled laser beam in sequential scan cycles with a pulse rate of 50–100 μs. Digital picture analysis and pattern detection are used to identify the membranous lining of the cochlea. We achieved a bone ablation in a micrometer range per scan cycle with the laser. A perforation of the promontory bone could be detected by automatic pattern detection. The enhancement of automatic pattern detection can lead to a minimally invasive, function-preserving laser cochleostomy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The study was designed to establish a method for freeze-dried praziquantel liposome agent preparation,as well as the corresponding quality control and assessment.The film-ultrasonic wave technique was initially used to prepare praziquantel liposomes,then freeze-drying technique used to yield the freeze-dried praziquantel liposome agent,the agent stability and the encapsulation efficiency were carefully assessed and determined via newly set up HPLC method.The encapsulation efficiency can be more than 70% with particle size range from 220 to 310 nm,most liposomes turned out to be round and even showing a better appearance.Stable and high quality freeze-dried praziquantel liposome agent can be obtained according to new method.And the corresponding established HPLC method was reliable for encapsulation efficiency assessment of the liposome agent.


In the aftermath of the accident at Three Mile Island (TMI) Nuclear Station, a telephone survey was conducted in two Massachusetts communities: one at the site of a nuclear power plant and one far removed from any nuclear facility. Responses from these two communities were compared with responses from a similar survey of TMI residents concerning attitudes toward nuclear power and perception of risk. Results indicated that attitudes toward nuclear power depended on the location of the respondent's residence: TMI residents recorded the most negative responses, Massachusetts residents near a nuclear facility gave the most positive responses, and Massachusetts residents farther from a nuclear facility gave responses more often resembling those of the TMI group. A discussion of the results includes implications for future energy development.


The Forum of Federations was established by Canada as the secretariat for the First International Conference on Federalism held at Mont-Tremblant in October 1999. This conference provided the first opportunity for experts and practitioners from around the world to ponder the relevance of "Federalism in an Age of Globalization". Following the success of the Mont-Tremblant conference, the Swiss government invited the Second International Conference to be held in Switzerland. A joint initiative by the Federal and cantonal authorities, the Second International Conference was held in August 2002 at St. Gallen under the title "Federalism in a Changing World: Learning from each other". At the conclusion of the Swiss conference, Belgian Prime Minister invited the next conference to Brussels. The Third International Conference on Federalism conference was held in March 2005 in Brussels under the title Federalism: Turning diversity into harmony, sharing best practices. The Conference was timed to coincide with a series of events aiming to celebrate the 175th anniversary of Belgium's independence, and the 25 anniversary of federalism in the country. The Fourth International Conference on Federalism to be held in New Delhi from 5 to 8 November 2007 follows in the same tradition. It also coincides with the Diamond Jubilee of India's independence.


Focusing on the history of economics, this chapter provides an overview of important theoretical contributions to understanding the processes of transformation. The central claim is that if economists want to regain their ability to theoretically grasp processes of transformation, they have to overcome the idea that the capitalist reality of a distinguishable economic system of society exists at all places and times. Processes of transformation are exactly about the emergence of a (permeable) border between the political and the economic game, about periods when the economic system with its distinguishable logic comes into existence. If economists want to understand these processes, they have to look not at changes of economic relations alone but to focus specifically on the interplay between political and economic factors.


This paper breaks down the nongovernmental components of public diplomacy and examines the evolution of new public diplomacy. It discusses the rise of nonstate actors and the importance they play in changing international diplomatic engagements. It explores the rising prominence of both soft power and public relations on the global stage, highlighting the importance of strategic relationships and effective communications. The case study, used to exemplify the power of new public diplomacy, examines how Invisible Children's KONY2012 campaign used public diplomacy to harness successfully the power of the American people to influence governmental foreign policy. The author shows that Invisible Children practiced public diplomacy in its KONY2012 campaign by utilizing different public relations tactics, including strategic planning, social media, and relationship building. These tactics enabled Invisible Children to engage, activate, and mobilize public opinion around the issue of the war in Central Africa, and this public opinion then generated policy change, both inside the U.S. government and among international institutions. The author concludes that the increasing interconnectedness of the world and the ability to harness the power of the public is enabling new players to be given a seat at the international diplomatic table. This change is both a symbol of the world's rising global consciousness and the ability for people to decide what matters.


There is no denying that fire services, like many other sectors in South Africa, are facing huge challenges. One merely has to scan recent media reports to confirm such a statement. Despite these challenges, one must never lose sight of the fact that each day firefighters are out in the field performing a stellar job with very limited resources.


This paper is a summary of an investigation into the cyclic response of a steel cruciform joint. A star plate beam to column joint identical to one of those forming the frame of the pier structure at Auckland International Airport was tested at the University of Auckland, School of Engineering. In this paper both the preparations undertaken and the subsequent experimental programme are described. The results are analysed and the observed behaviour is discussed. Comparisons are made with recently proposed design criteria for steel beam to column connections, as well as with formulae for predicting the load-deflection curves. Conclusions are drawn on the suitability of these theories for response prediction of star plate geometry joints. Additionally the energy absorption capabilities of the joint are compared with results from earlier American research. 1.1 THE TEST SPECIMEN The star plate joint which was tested is shown three-dimensionally in Fig. 1. The joint comprised two thick star plates connected by a stub box column cut as a short length from the normal 14" square box column members. Box column sections were welded on to the upper and lower faces of the star plate joint. Half inch plates for beam web connections were welded between the star plates and to the stub boxes. The star plates act in three ways: (a) to transfer beam flange forces across the joint in the plane of the plate, (b) to transfer column forces across the joint in through thickness direction of the plate, i.e. normal to the plane of the plate, and (c) to act as diaphragn stiffeners to the joint. As it was normal practice during fabrication to drill two holes at the centre of the star plates to assist in aligning up the joint before welding, these holes were suitably enlarged to allow a prestressing Macalloy bar to pass through the length of the column and thus provide axial load for the purposes of the test. Stub beams were welded onto the projecting wings of the star plates, the lower wing being wider than the upper in order to facilitate down hand welding on site where the connection is normally made. The ends of the beams were provided with pressure Research Student, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Auckland. * District Materials and Investigating Engineer, New Zealand Ministry of Works and Development, Auckland. ** Associate Professor of Civil Engineering, University of Auckland. pads and holding recesses for the loading rams. Star plates with three wings 1 only were used to enable the test specimen to fit into the reaction frame, and two beams only were provided to suit the single plane joint loading that could be accommodated in the available test rig. The column ends had 15" square x 2" thick capping plates, plus 11" square x 1*5 thick plate bearing pads for the stressing nuts of the 40mm dia. Macalloy prestressing rod. This type of joint was selected for the pier structure based on experience gained on a previous project where a similar steel frame joint had been used with success. All plate, including that used for the box columns conformed with B.S.4360 grade 43C (notch ductile). Box columns were fabricated using an automatic submerged arc process from %" plate using partial penetration V groove welds. Star plate material was examined before profile marking for lamination or high inclusion clusters using an ultrasonic probe operating on a general grid pattern. After marking out the areas of plate abutting the columns where butt welds would be made and where the plates would be subjected to through thickness stresses in addition to normal planar stresses, these critical regions were more closely and continuously inspected before cutting using the same ultrasonic technique. Details of the butt weld are shown in Fig. 2. The joint was preheated and manually welded in rotators using low hydrogen • electrodes. The welds were laid in a defined sequence and interpass temperatures maintained throughout the welding operation. After welding the joint was carefully examined for defects and for laminations in the star plates using double angled ultrasonic probes. On the project four joints were found after fabrication to have B U L L E T I N OF THE NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL SOCIETY FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING, VOL.8, NO.3. SEPTEMBER 1975.


Annually, the United States spends an excess of 3.8 trillion dollars on healthcare, accounting for about 17% of its gross domestic product. Although this is almost twice the average of other high-income nations, the U.S. shamefully ranks last among them in life expectancy (Tikkanen & Abrams, 2020). Moreover, the maternal mortality rate in the U.S. – at 17.4 deaths per 100,000 live births – is the highest among comparable countries (Tikkanen et al., 2020). However, these health disparities do not affect all women in the U.S. equally; Black women are two to three times more likely to die from pregnancy-related causes than white women (Center for Disease Control & Prevention, 2019). This article dives into these disparities and explores the role of racism and its historical context in the systems that contribute to the disproportionately high maternal mortality rate of Black mothers in the U.S.


Objective: To observe the effect of levodopa and pyridostigmine bromide on secrection of pituitary growth hormone (hGH). Methods: The control group of 20 normal children and pituitary gnome group of 30 patients were included in this study. The two groups took levodopa and pyridostigmine bromide respectively as stimulants for pituitary secretion. The serum samples were obtained 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes after taking the two medicines and the serum hGH level was determined using RIA method. The estimating standard is hGH peak value 10 ng/ml as positive. Results: After stimulated with levodopa and pyridostigmine bromide the hGH peak value of normal children were 32.4 ± 22.6 and 27.7 ± 13.6 ng/ml respectively. There was no statistical difference between the two peak values (P 0.05). There were no secretion peak value or the peak value 10 ng/ml observed in the pituitary gnome. Conclusions: Levodopa and pyridostigmine bromide have obvious stimulative effect on pituitary secretion of hGH, and may be used as stimulants in hGH stimulation test.


Introduction Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) fine needle aspiration (FNA) has poor performance in diagnosing autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) due to small sample size and lack of preserved tissue architecture. In mass forming disease non-diagnostic EUS-FNA may result in a presumptive diagnosis of malignancy and unnecessary surgery. A core biopsy needle with a novel fork-tip design (SharkCore™) has been introduced with the aim of improving yield and maintaining tissue architecture. Literature on its performance in the diagnosis of AIP is limited to a few case reports. Aim To assess the diagnostic performance of EUS tissue sampling with a fork-tip needle in the diagnosis of type 1 AIP. Methods Retrospective review of a prospectively maintained AIP database in a tertiary center to identify patients with a final diagnosis of type 1 AIP who underwent EUS-TS during diagnostic workup. Pathology reports were reviewed and classified as per International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria (ICDC); Level 1 (highly suggestive) requires the presence of 3 or all 4 histological features and level 2 (probable) requires 2 features. Results Between March 2006 and November 2018, 35 procedures were performed on 28 individuals (29 lesions) with a final diagnosis of Type 1 AIP. Mean age ( ± SD) 63 (±11.4), 21 male. 29 procedures were for a mass lesion and or biliary obstruction. 2 patients underwent surgical resection and 2 laparoscopic biopsy. There were 8 procedures with an FNA needle, 7 reverse bevel and 20 fork-tip. There were 6 inadequate samples (3 FNA, 2 reverse bevel and 1 fork-tip). Of the 29 adequate samples, 15 (51.7%) met ICDC criteria for diagnosis of AIP all at level 1. 0/13 FNA or reverse bevel samples were diagnostic compared to 15/19 (79%) fork-tip samples (p=0.0001). Obliterative phlebitis was identified in 10/19 (52.6%), storiform fibrosis in 14/19 (70%), dense lymphoplasmocytic infiltrate in 14/19 (70%) and IgG4 positive plasma cell count > 10 per high power field in 14/19 (70%) of adequate fork-tip samples. Of the 17 individuals who underwent 20 procedures (2 repeat and 1 sampling of 2 separate lesions) with a fork-tip needle, 14 (83.2%) had a final ICDC level 1 diagnostic fork-tip biopsy. Conclusion In this the largest study to date of the fork-tip core biopsy needle in the diagnosis of AIP, the needle demonstrated very good overall diagnostic performance. This study supports the preferential use of this needle in suspected type 1 AIP.


A discussion of a paper with the aforementioned title by A.A. Anwar, published in this journal (Volume 125, Number 1, January/February 1999), is presented. The discusser comments on the following assumptions made in the paper: the friction factor (K) remains constant along the pipe manifold, there is equal discharge at each outlet port, and energy losses at each outlet port are balanced by the pressure rise downstream of the port. The discusser suggests that factor G, because of the simplifying assumptions invoked, should be considered a simple but approximate method of calculating head loss in pipe manifold systems. If the upstream manifold flow rate is used as the basis for calculating friction factor K, the method proposed by the author is likely to result in conservative estimates of head loss in the pipe manifold. Discussion is followed by closure from the author.


Semantic textual similarity (STS) measures the degree to which two texts share the same meaning. In Natural Language Processing, STS touches many different aspects, from thesaurus generation to machine translation. However, methods for measuring STS have often been developed only for very specific types of texts, such as for comparing two words or for comparing paragraphs. This disjoint approach creates the predicament where different similarity methods have to be used depending on the type of text being compared.


Based on social cognitive theory and leadership theory, the current study tests a theoretical model linking supervisory styles (i.e. supportive and directive) with graduate student creativity via psychological cognitive factors (specifically, creative self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation). Results from a sample of 216 graduate students of 1 university in China indicate that both creative self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation completely mediate the influences of supportive supervisory style and directive supervisory style on graduate student creativity. Interestingly, the results indicate a positive influence of directive supervisory style on graduate student creativity, which is inconsistent with the literature and our own original hypothesis. Our findings verify that creative self-efficacy has an indirect effect on graduate student creativity by influencing intrinsic motivation. We discuss the implications of these findings for both theory and practice.


The use of NIR-spectroscopy on a combine makes it possible to continuously record protein content directly during threshing. This system was developed in the institute. With extended calibration in the 2nd experimental year, the accuracy could be improved.


Low systemic vascular resistance is a recognized complication of cardiopulmonary bypass and it is related to activation of an inflammatory response. A release of proinflammatory cytokines can cause a systemic inflammatory response contributing to generalized profound vasodilatation. Vasoplegia syndrome was defined using the following criteria: hypotension, low filling pressures, normal or elevated cardiac index, low peripheral resistance and metabolic acidosis. Low ventricular ejection fraction, preoperative ACE inhibitors and heparin use are the independent risk factors for the development of postoperative vasoplegia syndrome. Treatment of this syndrome requires the use of vasopressive agents but in some cases prolonged vasoplegia is resistant to norepinephrine. In these situations a single dose of methylene blue can restore systemic vascular resistance. When a dose no greater than 2 mg/kg is administered side effects do not occur. Methylene blue is a nitric oxide inhibitory drug which probably plays an important role in occurrence of vasoplegic syndrome.


The concept of probiotics is well known and has developed into a high value commodity in recent times. Despite the ever-expanding number of probiotic products on our pharmacy, health food and supermarket shelves, the probiotic culture active ingredient has always been imported until now. In 2019, Probiotics Australia Pty Ltd opened Australia's first and only Therapeutic Goods Administration/current Good Manufacturing Practice (TGA/cGMP) certified facility dedicated to the manufacture of probiotic active ingredients. This article outlines the significant export demand for Australian-made health products and the lengths to which Probiotics Australia have gone to create a facility to meet needs of the probiotics research, commercialisation and consumer market today and into the future.


The past three decadeswitness a long-term intensive interest in researching a variety of control methods on wheeled mobile robots (WMRs), although the general nonholonomic systems have been investigated for more than one and half a century (Kolmanovsky & McClamroch, 1995). It is well-known that usually WMRs are characterized by non-integrable kinematic constraints, namely the nonholonomic constraints. The consequence is that those constraints rule out the possibility of direct application of standard control theories, such as linear control system theory in this field. Furthermore, as pointed out in a landmark paper (Brockett, 1983), nonholonomic systems can not be stabilized by continuously differentiable, time invariant, state feedback control laws. To cope with the challenges arising in nonhonomic system control, a great number of approaches have been proposed and some selections of the vast amount of published literature are reflected in the survey paper (Kolmanovsky & McClamroch, 1995) and the book (Dixon et al., 2001) and in chapters (7 9) of the book (Wit & Siciliano, 1996). Several controls from experiment perspectives are examined and implemented in the work (Luca et al., 2001). Central to the WMR motion control are the tracking control problems. Normally there are two categories of tracking control: posture tracking and point tracking. The former aims to achieving stably tracking a moving reference posture (i.e., position and orientation) while the latter only concerns about position tracking. Nonlinear feedback control strategies (Wit & Sordalen, 1992),(Godhavn & Egeland, 1997),(Kanayama et al., 1990),(Closkey & Murray, 1997),(Teel et al., 1995) are often favored in dealing with tracking control problem to compensate disturbances and uncertainties although open-loop control laws are also workable (Murray & Sastry, 1990),(Lafferiere & Sussmann, 1991),(Brraquand & Latombe, 1989),(Brockett, 1981). In recent years, more and more attention have been drawn to the robustness of the controller in presence of uncertainties. In (Aguiar et al., 2000), the authors address the regulation control of WMR with parametric modelling uncertainty using Lyapunov functions. A robust new Kalman-based active observer controller for path following was proposed (Coelho & Nunes, 2005) in circumstances of uncertainties and disturbances. And the paper (Dixon et al., 1999) presents a controller robust to parametric uncertainty and additive bounded disturbance in the dynamic model through the use of a dynamic oscillator. An autonomous multi-robot system comprises a group of (often homogeneous) robots, each has a certain degree of mobility and autonomy. Research interests in unmanned autonomous robots have been growing significantly in recent years, due to the potential that this type of 5


Understanding the environmental drivers of movement and habitat use of highly migratory marine species is crucial to implement appropriate management and conservation measures. However, this requires quantitative information on their spatial and temporal presence, which is limited in the high seas. Here, we aimed to gain insights of the essential habitats of three baleen whale species around the mid‐North Atlantic (NA) region, linking their large‐scale movements with information on oceanographic and biological processes.


In an atomic force microscope (AFM), it is possible to scan at high speeds without sacrificing resolution if the imaging is accomplished by combining the rapidly varying signal from the vibrating cantilever, which indicates the detailed surface features, with the more slowly varying feedback control signal to the piezotube. Scanning speed in this case is limited by the fundamental resonance of the cantilever—not, as in conventional AFM, by the feedback bandwidth—and about 10 s is required to image a surface area of 21 μm2 for 512×512 scanning points.


th , 2012; revised: Dec. 16 th , 2012; accepted: Dec. 25 th , 2012 Abstract: Strong neotectonic movements and regional landscape conditions result in landslide damming events, which widely exist in Jinsha River valley. Through summarizing the study results by other researchers and the our field inves- tigations, the development processes of the landslide damming of Jinsha River and its effects on the evolution of land- scape can be described as following sequences: strong neotectonic activities and climatic anomaly events → the occur- rence of landslide blocking river → landslide dam (dammed lakes) formation → landslide dam (dammed lakes) bro- ken/collapse → river re-shaping the valley geomorphology and environments → Modern Jinsha River valley landscape formation. It is clear that most of the damming occurred in the places with developed fault structures, rich in broken matters, with step and narrow valleys, high frequency earthquakes and climate abnormal. Even most of the landslides damming events occur suddenly and without any sign and are unpredictable, but after the damming and broken of the dams, the local, even the regional landscapes, environments, climate, ecology and the geomorphological processes, geological stabilities changed completely. The mechanisms and frequencies of landslide damming are unpredictable till now, together with the damage of the existed damming relics, it is difficult to get a complete and clear picture of the landslide damming history of the river system and makes more complex and difficult to conduct a study. Therefore, a comprehensive study planning is necessary to improve our understanding of the system, as there are a lot of aspects on how, when and why the landslide damming events happen in the area need to be investigated.


Background Tongxinluo capsule is a new drug for cardio-cerebral vascular diseases on the national essential drug list of China, and the second-class award of National Science and Technology Development of China, 2001. Objective This review aims to assess the effect (harms and benefits) of Tongxinluo capsule for unstable angina. Search strategy electronic searchs The Cochrane Heart Review Group specialised trials register,The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, published in the latest issue of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CBM, Chinese Cochrane Centre Controlled Trials Register, Current Controlled Trials (www.controlled-trials.com), The National Research Register Handsearchs We will search 83 journals of Chinese traditional medicine.Inclusion riteria We will include randomised controlled trials of Tonxinluo capsule versus placebo or other current phamarcotherapy or other Chinese medicinal herbs in the participants with unstable angina pectoris. Studies will report mortality (sudden death from acute myocardial infarction), severity of angina pectoris, frequency of acute attack angina, ECG improvement, rate of dosage reducing or taking frequency of nitroglycerine and symptom improvement, etc. Data analysis Data will be included in a meta-analysis if they are available, of sufficient quality and sufficiently similar.


The authors have demonstrated the highly selective removal of low aluminum (Al) mole-fraction Al[sub x]Ga[sub 1[minus]x]As layers from those with higher Al mole-fraction using the wet photoelectrochemical (PEC) etch process. AGaAs/Al[sub x]Ga[sub 1[minus]x]As semiconductor structure with layers of varying Al mole-fraction was examined. The sample was etched in a (1:20) HCl:H[sub 2]O electrolyte solution. A Ti/sapphire laser was used as the light source to tune the incident photon energy between the various bandgaps of the heterostructure layers. Relative etch rates >10[sup 4]:1 and >10[sup 3]:1 were found for mole fraction differences in x of 0.15 and 0.05, respectively. The selectivity was examined as a function of incident wavelength.


xxii Abstract During the forensic investigation of grave sites artefacts are often located and have the potential to provide valuable information about the victim or the perpetrator. Such artefacts may include body coverings used by the perpetrator to interfere with the crime scene. Polymer materials are now frequently encountered at crime scenes and given their use in bag and carpet manufacture, there was an increased likelihood that this class of materials will form part of a clandestine grave. Understanding the degradation of these materials in potential crime scene soils will provide insight into the age and nature of the burial. Previous forensic research on polymers at the crime scene has mostly focused on identifying polymer materials such as fibres and the studies that have investigated polymer degradation, examined the effect degradation had on identifying the polymer rather than the information the polymer can provide about the burial. This thesis provides a comprehensive examination of the degradation of five commonly encountered polymers with potential to be used as body coverings in a variety of soil t types. A comparison of the suitability of a range of analytical techniques to understand polymer degradation associated with burial has also been made in this thesis. The five polymers -polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), poly vinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and nylonin the form of films and carpets were buried in a series of laboratory controlled environments that varied by soil type, moisture content, soil pH and temperature for a burial period of 24 months. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were utilised for the examination of changes to the morphology of polymer surface. Spectroscopic analyses, including infrared, Raman and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopies, were


Applications of 850 nm VCSELs have bloomed in recent years arising from their low cost, and the ease of forming one- and two-dimensional arrays. In addition to the traditional measures of device lifetime, operation over a wide temperature range and link length, the figures of merit increasingly include power consumption (pJ/bit), footprint (bits/mm2) and cost ($/Gb/s). As 1 × 12 arrays of 10G VCSELs are widely adopted, there is a clear need for improvement along all these fronts. This is achieved through development of VCSELs operating at higher data rates, and modifications to the oxide VCSEL structure. In this paper, we discuss the development of VCSELs with electrostatic discharge protection, and high bandwidth for operation at 10 – 25 Gb/s.


Several literatures have reported that the elimination of autoantibodies by immunoadsorption (IA) therapy induced short- and long-term improvements in cardiac function of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We assessed whether reduction in oxidative stress was related to the mechanism underlying left ventricular functional benefit from IA. We studied 7 patients with DCM (New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III/IV). Autoantibodies were removed with IA by passing patients' plasma over tryptophan columns. The level of anti-β1-adrenoreceptor (AR) autoantibodies was measured by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay. The level of diacron- reactive oxygen metabolite (d-ROM) was determined as a marker of oxidative stress. During IA, the anti- β1-AR autoantibodies titers of all the patients decreased significantly from 27.8 ± 5.0 to 18.7 ± 5.5 U/ml (p < 0.01). IA induced the following hemodynamic improvements: cardiac index increased from 1.71 ± 0.40 to 1.97 ± 0.41 l/min/m2 and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) increased from 22.8 ± 6.1 to 29.1±9.1% (p < 0.05). d-ROM level decreased significantly from 392.7 ±17.0 to 314.1 ± 22.0 Carratelli units (p < 0.05), and was negatively correlated with LVEF before and after IA therapy (r = -0.601, p < 0.05). The anti-β1-AR autoantibodies, LVEF and d- ROM returned to the baseline levels at 12 months after IA. In conclusion, oxidative stress reduction may be responsible for the beneficial effect of IA therapy in patients with DCM.


Objective To study the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of Dangfei Liganning Capsules on nonalcoholic steatotic hepatitis(NASH) induced by high-fat diet and carbon tetrachloride in rats.Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group and treatment group.The rats of normal group were fed with a standard diet,while the rats of model and treatment groups were fed with high-fat diet.In addition the rats of treatment group were gastrically perfused with Dangfei Liganning Capsules everyday.Rats from model and treatment groups were intraperitoneally injected with CCl_4 48 h before being sacrificed.The pathology of liver and ALT,AST,LDH,TBIL,TC,TG,HDL,LDL,FFA in serum were tested.The fasting blood glucose(FBG) and fasting insulin(FIN) were tested to calculate HOMA index.Serum adiponectin and hepatic levels of TNF α were assessed.Results Compared with normal group,model group showed massive steatosis with Oil Red-O stain in liver lobules with hepatocyte ballooning and inflammatory infiltration with H-E stain appeared in centrilobules,which were all improved in the treatment group.Levels of serum ALT,AST,LDH,TG,LDL and FFA increased dramatically in model rats,HOMA index and TNF α content in liver tissue also elevated.Serum adiponectin decreased dramatically(P0.05).The above examined indexes in treatment group were improved obviously(P0.05).Conclusion Dangfei Liganning Capsules could alleviate high fat-diet combined with toxin induced NASH in rats,and the regulation of adiponectin and TNF α level,as well as attenuating insulin resistance contribute to the underlying mechanism.


We systematically investigated the dependence of parasitic capacitance on gate length, gate electrode thickness, and gate oxide thickness using a 2-D device simulator. We showed that the model commonly used for parasitic capacitance is not accurate and also showed that more the rigorous model proposed by Kamchouchi should be used for submicrometer devices. Furthermore, we proposed a simple model that ensures the same accuracy as that of the Kamchouchi model.


Landscape Perception, Memory and Identity are hot topics in landscape research and emotional research in new cultural geography. Although the relationship between the three is supported by a small number of empirical cases, there is a lack of corresponding quantitative research. In this context, the article introduces the commonly used testing methods of intermediary effects in psychology and economics to geography, takes red landscape perception as an independent variable, collective memory as an intermediary variable, and identification as a dependent variable. SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 24.0 are used to analyze the relationship between "landscape perception-collective memory-identity". The results of the research are as follows: 1) On the whole, residents have a higher perception of the red cultural landscape, but the recognition of image appearance items varies.2) Landscape perception variables can predict collective memory variables. 3) Collective memory positively affects residents' sense of identity. 4) Landscape perception can not only directly act on identity, but also have a positive effect on residents' sense of identity through collective memory of residents, and part of the mediating effect played by collective memory has been verified.


Based on the working condition of a high corrosion resistance cold precipitation circulation pump in alkali industry,numerical simulating is made for inner fluid field with CFD software based on k-e turbulence model and unstructured grid SIMPLE algorithm.The results show that the cavitation tend to occur in the 1/3 position of the entry section of the impeller blade,and the cavitation is more likely to occur in the suctionsurface than the pressureside.When the blade inlet shape is designed more reasonable and the blade angle of attack is increased,the cavitation-resistance capability for the pump will be improved and the efficiency of mixed-flow pump will be increased.


Based on theoretical and empirical research, this paper studies the marketing mechanism of the increasingly popular WeChat community red envelope, based on the SIPS behavior model from the advertising practice, without considering the message quality and product attribute variables, The incentive mechanism (red envelope) in the SIPS model how to transmit and influence consumer purchasing intentions, research findings (1) incentive mechanism has a positive impact on the functional utility, emotional pleasure, and community identity of perceived value: (2) hypothesis in the incentive mechanism Under the perceptual value, there is a positive impact on continuous participation, recommendation sharing, and consideration of purchase. (3) Under the influence of incentive mechanism, functional utility in perceptual value has a positive impact on continuous participation, recommendation sharing, and consideration of purchase. The study found that the influence of red envelope incentives on consumer purchase image is mainly through the functional and practical attributes in perceptual value and perceptual value; the other two attributes in perceptual value cannot significantly affect the purchase intention alone. 诱因(红包)对微信社群购买意向影响研究 —以在线旅游自由行产品为例 林俊毅 南宁师范大学经济与管理学院 ,南宁,广西,中国


We judge the M_S≥5 4 earthquake sequence types using the historical and modern M_S≥3(1/2) earthquake catalogue and divide the research area into seven shock type partitions:Yangqu-Daixian,Fanshi-Huai'an,Shangyi-Yanqing、SanheLaishui、Xianxian-Wuqing、Baodi-Qinglong and Bohai,combined with distribution characteristics of earthquake sequence type and structure,especially the seismic belt segmentation result.This work provide a reference for the tendency judgment after shock in the capital area.We also do some beneficial discussion in the research of earthquake sequence types using historical felt earthquakes and earthquake type partition using seismic belt segmentation.


Mathematics is a major subject for primary students. However, in mathematics education, many abstract concepts may lead students to lose learning motivation and further affect their learning performance. Therefore, several papers have proposed various board games to support traditional mathematics education. However, teachers have applied traditional board games to support mathematics education in a way that makes it difficult to monitor or capture each student's learning status and problems during game processes. As mentioned above, this study proposed an educational mathematics board game with mobile and sensor technologies to assist students in learning the concept of prime factorization. The proposed board game can guide students to conduct the game and support teachers to capture the students' learning status during the game process. To evaluate students' acceptance and flow state regarding the proposed board game, thirty-nine primary students were invited to participate in an experiment. The experimental results indicated that the students had a high technology acceptance with regard to the proposed board game and high flow state when playing the proposed board game. For high-achieving students, the proposed board game was more entertaining, while low-achieving students might feel a little challenged. In addition, boys were more engaged than girls when playing this board game.


Molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to investigate the influence of an external electric field on the structure and nucleation of supercooled water.When the electric field strength is between 0 to 10~(10) V/m and the system evolves within 5 ns,the structure analysis shows that the supercooled water at 200 K keeps in a liquid state.Only if the electric field is strengthened to 1011 V/m or the temperature is lowered down 100 K,the water undergoes a nucleation.The results also show that the external electric field changes the microstructure of the water,and enhances the short-range ordering of the system.


Presents the theory behind acoustic condensation and its applications, analyses the feasibility of dust removal by condensation through economic and technical comparisons and suggests specific implementation plans with necessary considerations accorded the dust removal methods now in use in China.


The present invention provides a variety of products which are prepared conveniently available, using a radioprotectant and it to block the effects of radiation exposure unconsciously in everyday life and working environment. Specifically, the present invention is a radiation protection material containing collagen, keratin, at least one one selected from the silk fibroin and the group consisting of their derivatives. The present invention is a variety of radiation protection for products obtained using the above radiation protection material.


Recently, we have investigated the use of Arabic linguistic knowledge to improve the recognition of wide Arabic word lexicon. A neural-linguistic approach was proposed to mainly deal with canonical vocabulary of decomposable words derived from tri-consonant healthy roots. The basic idea is to factorize words by their roots and schemes. In this direction, we conceived two neural networks TNN_R and TNN_S to respectively recognize roots and schemes from structural primitives of words. The proposal approach achieved promising results. In this paper, we will focus on how to reach better results in terms of accuracy and recognition rate. Current improvements concern especially the training stage. It is about 1) to benefit from word letters order 2) to consider "sisters letters" (letters having same features), 3) to supervise networks behaviors, 4) to split up neurons to save letter occurrences and 5) to solve observed ambiguities. Considering theses improvements, experiments carried on 1500 sized vocabulary show a significant enhancement: TNN_R (resp. TNN_S) top4 has gone up from 77% to 85.8% (resp. from 65% to 97.9%). Enlarging the vocabulary from 1000 to 1700, adding 100 words each time, again confirmed the results without altering the networks stability.


All globular clusters (GCs) studied to date show evidence for internal (star-to-star) variation in their light-element abundances (including Li, C, N, O, F, Na, Mg, Al, and probably He). These variations have been interpreted as evidence for multiple star formation episodes within GCs, with secondary episodes fueled, at least in part, by the ejecta of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars from a first generation of stars. A major puzzle emerging from this otherwise plausible scenario is that the fraction of stars associated with the second episode of star formation is observed to be much larger than expected for a standard initial mass function. The present work investigates this tension by modeling the observed anti-correlation between [Na/Fe] and [O/Fe] for 20 Galactic GCs. If the abundance pattern of the retained AGB ejecta does not depend on GC mass at fixed [Fe/H], then a strong correlation is found between the fraction of current GC stellar mass composed of pure AGB ejecta, fp, and GC mass. This fraction varies from 0.20 at low masses (104.5 M☉) to 0.45 at high masses (106.5 M☉). The fraction of mass associated with pure AGB ejecta is directly related to the total mass of the cluster at birth; the ratio between the initial and present mass in stars can therefore be derived. Assuming a star formation efficiency of 50%, the observed Na–O anti-correlations imply that GCs were at least 10–20 times more massive at birth, a conclusion that is in qualitative agreement with previous work. These factors are lower limits because any mass-loss mechanism that removes first- and second-generation stars equally will leave fp unchanged. The mass dependence of fp probably arises because lower mass GCs are unable to retain all of the AGB ejecta from the first stellar generation. Recent observations of elemental abundances in intermediate-age Large Magellanic Cloud clusters are re-interpreted and shown to be consistent with this basic scenario. The small scatter in fp at fixed GC mass argues strongly that the process responsible for the large mass loss is internal to GCs. A satisfactory explanation of these trends is currently lacking.


Steel-concrete composite beams with classical connectors have some problems due to their large depth. In recent years, the concern about the new composite beam system development for the reduction of story height effect and structural efficiency promotion are raised. So, This study was to identify the status of the composite beams for reduction of story height. The flexural performance was analyze about the investigated composite beam and the valuation plan about the structural performance was considered.


Clinical characteristics X-linked myotubular myopathy (X-MTM), also known as myotubular myopathy (MTM), is characterized by muscle weakness that ranges from severe to mild. Approximately 80% of affected males present with severe (classic) X-MTM characterized by polyhydramnios, decreased fetal movement, and neonatal weakness, hypotonia, and respiratory failure. Motor milestones are significantly delayed and most individuals fail to achieve independent ambulation. Weakness is profound and often involves facial and extraocular muscles. Respiratory failure is nearly uniform, with most individuals requiring 24-hour ventilatory assistance. It is estimated that at least 25% of boys with severe X-MTM die in the first year of life, and those who survive rarely live into adulthood. Males with mild or moderate X-MTM (~20%) achieve motor milestones more quickly than males with the severe form; many ambulate independently, and may live into adulthood. Most require gastrostomy tubes and/or ventilator support. In all subtypes of X-MTM, the muscle disease is not obviously progressive. Female carriers of X-MTM are generally asymptomatic, although manifesting heterozygotes are increasingly being identified. In affected females, symptoms range from severe, generalized weakness presenting in childhood, with infantile onset similar to affected male patients, to mild (often asymmetric) weakness manifesting in adulthood. Affected adult females may experience progressive respiratory decline and ultimately require ventilatory support. Diagnosis/testing The diagnosis of X-MTM is established in a proband with suggestive clinical findings and identification of a hemizygous pathogenic variant in MTM1 by molecular genetic testing. Management Treatment of manifestations: Treatment is supportive. Management optimally involves a team of specialists with expertise in the long-term care of children and/or adults with neuromuscular disorders, often including a pulmonologist, neurologist, physical therapist and/or rehabilitation medicine specialist, and clinical geneticist. Tracheostomy, G-tube feeding, and assistive communication devices are often required. Ophthalmologists, orthopedists, and orthodontists should address specific medical complications related to the underlying myopathy. Surveillance: Annual pulmonary assessment; polysomnography every one to three years; routine examination for scoliosis; annual ophthalmologic examinations to evaluate for ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, and myopia; routine assessment for dental malocclusion. Genetic counseling X-MTM is inherited in an X-linked manner. The risk to sibs of a male proband depends on the carrier status of the mother. If the mother is a carrier, each sib has a 50% chance of inheriting the MTM1 pathogenic variant. Males who inherit the variant will be affected; females who inherit the variant will be carriers and will generally not be affected. To date, there are no reported males with incomplete penetrance. In simplex cases (i.e., a single occurrence in a family), there is a probability of 80%-90% that a woman is a carrier if her son has a confirmed MTM1 pathogenic variant. Thus, about 10%-20% of males who represent simplex cases have a de novo pathogenic variant in MTM1 and a mother who is not a carrier. Germline mosaicism has been reported. Carrier testing of at-risk female relatives and prenatal testing for a pregnancy at risk are possible if the MTM1 pathogenic variant has been identified in an affected male relative.


Given the at times blatant lack of ethical conduct on the part of leaders, and the devastating consequences that this behavior may have, an increased understanding of the factors that feed into ethical leader behavior seems crucial. Both pride and the lack of moral identity have been put forward as lying at the root of leader ethical derailment and misconduct. The present study investigated their combined effects and found that pride interacts with moral identity in predicting ethical leader behavior. Specifically, in two experiments we found that with higher levels of moral identity authentically proud leaders are more likely to engage in ethical behavior than hubristically proud leaders, and that this effect is mediated by leaders' motivation to act selflessly. A field survey among organizational leaders corroborated that authentic (hubristic) pride is positively (negatively) related to ethical leadership. The present research suggests that to shed light on the paths to ethical leader behavior we need t...


The experiment was conducted on the medium for growing containerized seedling of Pinus kesiya in central seedling nursery of Puwen forestry farm.The variance analysis and multi-comparison on the determined results of 6 growth indicators including seedling height,base diameter and main root length and etc.on 8 different mediums showed that the mixed medium of sugar cane residue + sawdust + cow dung had the best result for growing seedling of Pinus kesiya,surpassing the seedling effect on imported Danish medium in aspect of root system growth and the biomass of whole seedling.


Next generation free electron lasers aim to generate x-ray pulses with pulse durations down to 30fs, and possibly even sub-fs. Synchronization of various stages of the accelerator and the probe laser system to the x-ray pulses with stability on the order of the pulse width is necessary to make maximal use of this capability. We are developing an optical timing synchronization system in order to meet this challenge. The scheme is based on generating a train of short optical pulses, with a precise repetition frequency, from a mode-locked laser oscillator and distributed via length-stabilized optical fibers to points requiring synchronization. The timing information is embedded in the repetition frequency and its harmonics. A significant advantage of the optical synchronization system is that multiple mode-locked Ti:sapphire seed oscillators typically present in en accelerator facility can be replaced by the master mode-locked fiber laser. In this paper, we briefly review progress on the development of the synchronization system and then discuss the implementation of this new possibility. Several technical issues related to this approach are analyzed.


This paper discusses the preparation of bismuth dialkyldithio‐phosphate as an oil‐soluble antiwear and extreme pressure additive for lubricants. Its tribological performance when added to an ISO VG32 mineral oil was evaluated on a four‐ball tester and a ring‐on‐block machine. The relationships between its performance and the concentrations are also given, and are compared with those of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP). The results show that the compound not only possesses good antiwear and friction‐reducing abilities, but also has a higher load‐carrying capacity than ZDDP. The mechanism of action of the additive was studied by surface analysis. A scanning Auger microprobe revealed a high bismuth content in the rubbing surface layers, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy detected the formation of various chemical species including organic films, metallic bismuth, bismuth oxide, and bismuth sulphide. The mechanism of action is postulated on the basis of these results.


In this paper, we derive an accurate power model for video streaming which we condense to the essential components contributing the most to the overall power consumption. As a use case, we choose mobile devices on the receiver side performing video streaming in broadcasting or end-to-end scenarios. In modeling, we consider the complete video streaming toolchain, which mainly consists of data acquisition, video processing, display, and audio handling. We compose an overall power model with the help of models from the literature and propose a dedicated feature selection approach to reveal the most important factors related to power consumption. The resulting models achieve mean estimation errors below 7.61%. Results from feature selection indicate that the display brightness, the bitrate, and the frame rate have the highest impact on the power consumption.


Gelatin films were prepared from gelatin solutions (10% w/v) containing carvacrol (1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% w/w), glycerol (25% w/w) as plasticizer and glutaraldehyde (1% w/w) as cross-linker. The mechanical, water solubility, water swelling, water uptake, water vapor permeability, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the films were obtained according to American Society for Testing and Materials. Gelatin films exhibited good tensile strength, elongation at break, water solubility, swelling, water uptake and water vapor permeability. Incorporation of carvacrol into the gelatin films caused a significant decrease in tensile strength, increase in elongation at break, increase in water solubility, decrease in swelling and water uptake, and increase in water vapor permeability of the films. Gelatin films exhibited low antioxidant activity while, gelatin films incorporated with carvacrol exhibited excellent antioxidant properties. The films incorporated with carvacrol also exhibited excellent antibacterial properties against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Practical Application

Development of biodegradable films based on the protein polymer has become a very attractive option and production of protein based packaging with strong antioxidant and antibacterial activities is gradually obtained extensive concern in the world. In this study, the improvement of gelatin film properties incorporated with carvacrol as a potential antibacterial active packaging was investigated. Suitable physico-mechanical properties along with strong antioxidant and antibacterial effects make gelatin films incorporated with carvacrol as suitable food packaging material.


Micro-machined spatial light modulators (SLMs) can be used in various applications such as micro lithography and adaptive optics. Fraunhofer IPMS has a very long experience in developing such devices. Ideally, the optically active surface area of the SLMs would be completely flat when not actuated. In reality, the SLM chip might be slightly bent and/or warped and the surface might show hills and valleys on various lateral length-scales due to fabrication imperfections. This surface profile is very hard to avoid in typical fabrication and mounting processes and can degrade the overall performance of the SLM in critical applications. Adjusting the shape by piezo-actuator arrays, would be a possible solution, but a very complex and expensive one. An array of screws acting on the SLM is too coarse to be a suitable method for adjusting the flatness properly for optical surface quality. An additional drawback of both above ways to improve the planarity is that it is difficult to get rid of the heat generated in the SLM during operation.


The question I have posed as the subject-matter of this address is, I believe, of fundamental importance to anyone contemplating a medical career, whether as general practitioner or as specialist. The psychiatric field is one of infinite possibilities. A vast number of problems urgently demand solution, and in the clinical, academic, and research spheres, whether at home, abroad, or in the Services, abundant opportunities arise for all who may feel attracted into such work. It has been stated frequently, and I think with truth, that psychiatry constitutes the other half of medicine, and yet, sad to relate, it continues to occupy a comparatively minor part of the medical curriculum. That should be remedied. It will be as soon as the doctors of the future and the medical faculties of our universities recognize that a new orientation requires to be effected. I say this because there seems to be a distinct danger of medical work degenerating into a job of work-prescription and certificate writing-rather than a calling, a dedication to the service of others, wherein lies something which makes an inspiring appeal to heart, soul, and medical skill. In order to convey some idea of this field of work, and to justify the statement that psychiatry constitutes the other half of medicine, allow me to mention a few facts. Of every 100 children born, 8 will have a nervous breakdown and 3 will spend some part of their lives in a mental hospital. On January 1, 1950, there were 272,540 persons mentally ill or defective, compared with 230,299 occupied beds in hospital for all other disease put together. The economic burden as represented by such figures is enormous, but the amount of suffering to the individual and his family is something which defies definition. Here is an opportunity for preventive medicine so that countless sufferers may benefit, and great pleasure and satisfaction can be derived from one's work. A far better health organization can be built up than has ever existed. But as prerequisites there must be a comprehensive undergraduate education and an opportunity to have had a good look round, to survey the position carefully before making a final decision on one's future career. To a certain extent, at least, this latter proviso is secured now that a year's work in general or special hospitals is obligatory before registration can be effected.


Plasminogen activators are widely distributed in the human organism. They are usually named according to the source from which they are isolated: blood (or plasma) activators present in the circulation, tissue activator isolated from tissue homogenates, vascular activator released from vessel walls, and urokinase present in urine. Until recently only urokinase had been highly purified and characterized, and specific antibodies obtained for immunoassays. The recent development, however, of a purified plasminogen-activator preparation from human uterine tissue and of specific 'antiserum to this preparation has permitted biochemical characterization of human tissue activator,' and study of the immunologic relationship to other activators of human Quenching assays with this antiserum showed that tissue activator from uteri or other sources (lung, heart, spleen, kidney, intestine) is immunologically distinct from urokinase but related to vascular activator released by vessel walls during perfusion or venous occlusion.^-* Observations of living tissues and cells in cultures have provided information on the origin and production of plasminogen activator, not readily accessible to studies in vivo. These observations have shown that the kidney is a rich source of activator in urine, u r~k inase ,~ and that immunologically similar activators may be produced in other tissues throughout the body.@. These studies also indicated that urokinase may be produced in tissues in an inactive form (activatable by trypsin and other serine proteinases) , and representing presumably a precursor form of the e n ~ y m e . ~ Such form was isolated from lungs and, more recently by Nolan et al.$ from fetal kidney cultures.


Preface, vi Chapter 1 Before you start, 1 Chapter 2 Getting going, 12 Chapter 3 The supervisor and other colleagues, 33 Chapter 4 Making progress, 45 Chapter 5 Writing up, 64 Chapter 6 Maximising impact, 88 Chapter 7 Preparing for your assessment, 110 Chapter 8 When things go wrong, 122 Index, 139


The AS composition and structure,work process for no stacker crane AS are discussed and its the purchase process,shipping process,picking and stocktaking work processes are analyzed in this paper.


High formability high strength steel sheets which have high formability due to excellent elongation and are excellent in impact characteristics due to high yield strength are provided, and a method for manufacturing the high formability high strength steel sheets is provided. A high manganese high strength steel sheet having excellent impact characteristics comprises, by weight percent, 0.2 to 1.5% of carbon, 10 to 25% of manganese, 0.01 to 3.0% of aluminum, 0.03% or less of phosphorous, 0.03% or less of sulfur, 0.040% or less of nitrogen, at least one selected from the group consisting of 0.02 to 2.5% of silicon, 0.01 to 0.10% of titanium and 0.01 to 0.10% of niobium, and the balance of Fe and other inevitably contained impurities. The steel sheet has a single-phase austenitic structure. The steel sheet has a yield strength of at least 600 MPa and a tensile strength of at least 900 MPa. A method for manufacturing a high manganese high strength steel sheet having excellent impact characteristics comprises rolling a steel sheet comprising, by weight percent, 0.2 to 1.5% of carbon, 10 to 25% of manganese, 0.01 to 3.0% of aluminum, 0.03% or less of phosphorous, 0.03% or less of sulfur, 0.040% or less of nitrogen, at least one selected from the group consisting of 0.02 to 2.5% of silicon, 0.01 to 0.10% of titanium and 0.01 to 0.10% of niobium, and the balance of Fe and other inevitably contained impurities to a reduction ratio of 10 to 80%.


The invention provides a sole pressure and heart rate monitoring-based life support system which can ensure that a wearer subjected to sudden death can be most timely rescued. A sole pressure monitoring unit is used for monitoring sole pressure information and measuring a sole pressure signal; an intelligent watch pulse monitoring unit is used for monitoring the pulse information of the wrist of a human body in real time, calculating the pulse information according to signal processing and sending to an intelligent terminal unit by Bluetooth; the intelligent terminal unit is connected with the sole pressure monitoring part and the pulse monitoring part by Bluetooth, carries out data transmission, and judges the life condition of the wearer by analyzing the sole pressure information and the pulse information; when the wearer is subjected to sudden death, a rescue message and positioning information are sent to relations and a hospital, and the rescue information and rescue measure are loudly spoken by a mobile phone at first time, so peripheral people can rescue the patient before an ambulance arrives.


About 20% of blood donated by Zimbabweans to the National Blood Transfusion Service is discarded because it contains HIV. Vice-President Muzenda gave the figure when he officially opened a $3.6 million NBTS laboratory and clinic at the Gweru Showgrounds yesterday. "This is not only a considerable waste of money but means that extra stress is placed on the staff to ensure that no contaminated unit slips through the testing procedure". The blood transfusion laboratory and clinic opened yesterday make up for the inadequately facilitated blood transfusion service which was set up in Gweru in 1977. Since the blood transfusion service established the blood collecting team then it had been collecting and forwarding blood to Harare for testing and processing into its component parts. The blood formed part of the total pool and was distributed to hospitals throughout the country and did not necessarily return to Gweru. The commissioning of the new laboratory in Gweru means that blood collected here is processed locally into its component parts and is used locally. (full text modified)


the Section of Obstetrics and Gynaccology of the Royal Society of Medicine, and that of tlle N\orth of Englantd Obstetrical and Gynaecological Society-oni the progniosis and treatniient of puerperal sepsis, also the commiiiunicatiolns by Sir Ewen J. Maclean on puerperal sepsis in Wales (p. 770), and by Dr. Gibboni FitzGibboii and Dr. J. WV. Bigger on a clinical and pathological investigation of puerperal fever (p. 773). Other papers read at the samle session wele by Dr. L. P. Lockhart, on bacteriological examiniations during pregnancy, and a statistical paper by Dr. T. H. C. Stevenson, of the General Regist;er Office.


Process for dewatering, drying and filling of ion exchange resins obtained in a nuclear power plant and stored there in a collecting tank (1), the resins being transferred from a drying tank (4) to a storage tank (24) after drying, the collecting tank (1) only If necessary, with a drainage line (7) and connected to a resin supply line, in the collecting container (1) a pumpable solution of water and resins is kept, the solution is fed directly to the drying tank (4), and the drying container (4) led away water in the collecting container (1) is introduced and an intermediate container (10) is fed, characterized in that - The water led away from the intermediate container (10) in partial flows to the collecting container (1), - To a supply line (3) for the solution and - Is led to a bypass line (12) for backwashing a in the drainage line (7) arranged filter (8).


18 Prior evidence from the public health literature suggests that both control beliefs and 19 perceived threats to life are important for health behaviour. Our previously presented 20 theoretical model generated the more specific hypothesis that uncontrollable, but not 21 controllable, personal mortality risk should alter the payoff from investment in health 22 protection behaviours. We carried out three experiments to test whether altering the perceived 23 controllability of mortality risk would affect a health-related decision. Experiment 1 24 demonstrated that a mortality prime could be used to alter a health-related decision: the choice 25 between a healthier food reward (fruit) and an unhealthy alternative (chocolate). Experiment 2 26 demonstrated that it is the controllability of the mortality risk being primed that generates the 27 effect, rather than mortality risk per se. Experiment 3 showed that the effect could be seen in 28 a surreptitious experiment that was not explicitly health related. Our results suggest that 29 perceptions about the controllability of mortality risk may be an important factor in people's 30 health-related decisions. Thus, techniques for adjusting perceptions about mortality risk could 31 be important tools for use in health interventions. More importantly, tackling those sources of 32 mortality that people perceive to be uncontrollable could have a dual purpose. Making 33 neighbourhoods and workplaces safer would have the primary benefit of reducing 34 uncontrollable mortality risk, which could lead to a secondary benefit from improved health 35 behaviours.


Background : According to the sociological analyses, in today's societies, terrorism is one of the dire threats of the 21 st century. The use of biological weapons, while rare, has a long history. Recently, the use of anthrax has been considered as one of the most dangerous biological threats. Materials and methods: study keywords Results: Anthrax, a gram-positive with forms: gastrointestinal, and inhalational infection. soft tissue order to strengthen the emergency response system.


Improved understanding of the mechanisms of action in dynamic cardiomyoplasty (DCMP) and continued research in the stimulation of the latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) contribute to the development of new stimulation strategies aimed at improving DCMP outcomes. Cautious initiation of LDM stimulation sooner after surgery than currently practiced may provide the patient earlier hemodynamic assistance. During training and chronic stimulation, adjustment of stimulation amplitude, number of pulses in a burst, the interval between pulses, the synchronization ratio and the synchronization delay will all have important effects on the acute and chronic contractile properties of the LDM, thus impacting its capacity to improve cardiac function. Allowing the LDM periods of rest each day can be extremely beneficial to the muscle and may ultimately improve clinical outcome. Non-invasive monitoring of LDM contraction is essential to implementing and testing new stimulation regimes. Recent development of such monitoring techniques allows safe clinical evaluation of experimentally validated concepts. This review considers each LDM stimulation parameter in terms of improving LDM function and optimizing DCMP benefit during both training and chronic stimulation phases. Post-operative stimulation techniques currently possible with today's technology are discussed in light of recent research and clinical findings.


The invention discloses a frequency selection radar antenna housing transmission performance testing system and method based on diffraction suppression. The frequency selection radar antenna housing transmission performance testing system based on diffraction suppression comprises a transmitting antenna, a testing backboard, a receiving antenna, a coaxial radio frequency cable and a vector network analyzer, wherein the testing backboard is composed of a metal board and a wave-absorbing material, the metal board faces the receiving antenna, and the wave-absorbing material faces the transmitting antenna. The testing method comprises the steps that (1) the frequency selection radar antenna housing transmission performance testing system based on the diffraction suppression is installed; (2) an FSS antenna housing is installed on the upper portion of the testing backboard, and primary calibration is carried out on a radio frequency access which is located between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna and penetrates through a testing window of the testing backboard by means of the vector network analyzer; (3) the FSS antenna housing is fixed on the testing window, and insertion loss parameters of the FSS antenna housing between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are measured by means of the vector network analyzer. The frequency selection radar antenna housing transmission performance testing system and method based on the diffraction suppression have the advantages that due to the fact that a wooden board is replaced with the metal board, influence of electromagnetic wave transmission and diffraction on measurement data is avoided; calibration testing accuracy is further improved.


According to the drawbacks of the models existed which are too complicated, a nonlinear model based on Least Squares Support Vector Machines (LS-SVM) is presented for a family of complex systems with strong nonlinearity such as DMFC. The nonlinear offline model is built by LS-SVM with RBF kernel. The results of simulation demonstrate the effectiveness and advantage of this approach. It is applicable for studying model and controlling of DMFC control system.


Some optoelectronic effects in porous Si (PS) have been investigated in relation to the visible luminescence mechanism. As regards photoluminescence (PL), particular emphasis is placed on the relationship between photoconduction (PC) and PL excitation (PLE) spectra, the interaction of external electric field and PL emission, and polarization properties of PL Main subjects of electroluminescence (EL) studies reported here are the dynamic behavior of EL operation and the formation of a large-area contact by a conducting polymer (polypyrrole: PP). The observed experimental results (almost complete coincidence of PC spectra with PLE ones, linear polarization memory of PL definite correlation between the polarization degree and the PL efficiency, and comparable response time of electrical PL quenching and EL to the PL decay time) are consistent with our hypothesis that the major process of PL takes place within Si nanocrystallites. The electrical characterization of light-emitting PS diodes with PP contacts ensures the usefulness of the contact formation by electropolymerization as a technique for uniform and efficient carrier injection into PS.


To the Editor, Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency disorder in which a reduced activity of nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NAPDH) oxidase leads to defective reactive oxygen intermediates (ROS) and impairs intracellular killing of microorganisms. Patients have recurrent bacterial and fungal infections as well as granuloma formations, and have a higher risk of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders like lupus erythematosus.1 A 20-year-old caucasian male with a diagnosis of autosomal recessive CGD was referred to our hospital because of a pruritic photosensitive rash on the face and hands, present for more than a year. [...]


Objective:To determine the expression of TRAIL gene in primary leukemic cells and PBLs from normal individuals and study its possible role in tumor immunology.Methods:RT-PCR was used to determine TRAIL gene expression.Results:TRAILmRNA transcripts were detected in10/12lymphocytic leukemia and16/20myelocytic leukemia samples by RT-PCR.There was no detectable TRAIL mRNA in PBLs from normal individuals,and IL-2could induce its expression.Conclusion:Most primary leukemic cells expressed TRAIL,suggesting TRAIL might play a role in tumor cell evasion of immunosurveillance and spontaneous tumor cell death and necrosis.In addition,expression of TRAIL was found in activated T cells,suggesting that TRAIL might participate in CD95-independent apoptosis of lymphoid cells.


Osteosarcoma is an osseous tumor that occurs in the metaphyseal area around the knee accounts for roughly 20% of bone cancers mostly affects patients younger than 20 years. Early diagnosis of osteosarcoma cancer can pave the way for an unlimited choice of therapy opportunities. Moreover, pathological estimation of necrosis and tumor cells determines the future intensity of chemotherapy radiation to apply to patient. The biopsy confirms the diagnosis and divulges the grade of the tumor, necrotic, and non-tumor cells. Due to a lack of radiologists in third world countries like Bangladesh, it is extremely difficult to diagnose cancer in the early stage. Moreover, to identify the chemotherapy effect during the chemotherapy period, multiple radiologists are required which is quite expensive for most cancer hospitals. In this paper, a Sequential Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network (RCNN) model consisting of CNN and bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) is proposed, which performs exceptionally well with small numbers of histopathological osteosarcoma Haematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) stained images despite having the over-fitting problem, heterogeneity, intra-class variation, inter-class similarity, crowded context, the irregular shape of the nucleus and noisy data. Performance of the is compared with that of AlexNet, ResNet50, VGG16, LeNet and SVM models with the histopathological image dataset on osteosarcoma.


A surface reaction model for aluminum etching by chlorine is proposed, which takes into account the temperature dependence of the thermal processes and the ion-assisted processes simultaneously. In the model, chlorine physisorption and chemisorption are treated separately, based on the previous work on chlorine adsorption on aluminum. In particular, cluster formation was introduced into the chlorine physisorption process to allow physisorbed species to exist on the Al surface. The model reproduced the measured Al etch rate, including the Al etch-rate enhancement in the low-temperature regime. This etch-rate enhancement was found to be brought about by the increase in physisorbed chlorine on the Al surface, followed by ion-assisted reaction and desorption.


So-called Atlantic languages consist of two main clusters, that is North and South, whose position in the Niger-Congo phylum is not clear yet. In addition, some of the languages traditionally classified as Atlantic are best considered as isolates, as long as no convincing evidence of their affiliation has been provided: these are Limba and Gola (for which we have a few data), and also probably Nalu and Sua (for which only short wordlists are available). The Southern cluster groups together the languages traditionally labelled as 'Mel' minus Gola. The North-Atlantic cluster, for which we propose to restrict the label 'Atlantic', may be in turn divided into two main branches: Northern proper (which includes Fula-Sereer, Wolof, Tenda, NyunBuy, Cangin and Jaad-Biafada) and Bak, which groups together the Joola cluster, Manjaku, Balanta and Bijogo. Each one of the aforementionned low-level labels corresponds to a non-controversial genetic unit. At a higher level, the Bak branch offers good perspectives of reconstruction using the standard comparative method. The present papers aims at presenting concrete results concerning the largest cluster within the Bak branch, namely the Joola cluster. I will show that despite continuous contact over the last centuries blurring the phylogenetic signal, solid sound correspondances allow to propose a subgrouping quite different from that obtained with mere lexicostatistics. Beyond the Joola case study, I will present some tentative but promising results that might lead to the reconstruction of Bak itself. In particular, the position of Bijogo as a marginal but legitimate Bak language will be assessed. These results are based on the analysis of nearly all possible lexical sources on the Bak languages, which total more than 45,000 lexical entries. This material is almost entirely available online thanks to the RefLex project, which also provides comparison-dedicated tools designed to help finding cognates and manage comparative series.


The welding process in this paper is made in accordance with Q/SY GJX 0121-2008 "Welding Technical Specification for Construction of Station Pipeline Project for Second West-East Natural Gas Transmission Pipeline Project"and based on the research on the welding properties of X80 and WPHY80 in the construction of valve stations of the Second West-East Gas Transmission Pipeline Project.TIG has been used for root pass,self-shielded flux-core FCAW for fill and gap in light of the characteristics on the construction site.The results indicate that the welding process based on our research complies with the requirements of related technical standards.It could be successfully applied to the station construction of pipeline projects.


A news article on the launch of a consultation on the concept of a Western Orbital, bus provision on or near the M11 between Junctions 11 (Trumpington) and 13 (Madingley7 Road)


The article analyzes there aspects: the connotation of the CATV;the important significance in development of CATV Digitization in Nanjing;the methods and strategies in safeguarding the development of CATV Digitization in Nanjing.


Overview of Demographics of Hispanic Populations in the United States—Dr. Larissa Avilés-Santa, NHLBI, NIH Dr. Avilés-Santa noted that as Hispanic people immigrate to the United States, they bring with them cultural differences rooted in the regions of Latin America they come from: cultural distinctions that affect not only lifestyle and dietary choices, but also knowledge and attitudes regarding health and disease. Indeed, a majority do not identify with the terms Hispanic or Latino, but rather self-identify according to country of origin. She noted that the proportional population growth of these different groups in the last 10 years has varied, but has generally been fastest not in the U.S. regions that have been Hispanic population centers for many years, but rather in other areas throughout the country—an affect of immigration and birth rate, as well as longevity. She highlighted a key question that remains to be answered: whether various groups of Hispanic Americans share similar burdens of disease risk, or whether there is significant variation among health outcomes. Unfortunately, she noted that the most recent available data on U.S. Hispanic health comes from the 1991 Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (Hispanic HANES) study, which focused only on the Mexican, Cuban, and Puerto Rican populations, which were considered the major immigrant groups when the data were collected. In closing, Dr. Avilés-Santa underlined the critical importance of updating these data to reflect the numerous demographic and public health changes that have affected Hispanic peoples in the years since.


Cervical cancer is largely a preventable disease according to data by Global Burden of Disease. Among the 20 countries with the highest incidence of cervical cancer globally, 16 are African countries. Relevant cancer control interventions in most low-income countries are partially developed attributing to unavailability of statistics limiting understanding and approximation of the magnitude of the burden of cancer. In order to evaluate health policies for prevention and management for cervical cancer among East-African countries a legal mapping was carried out.

 Legal mapping as a qualitative research method is used to determinate existing policies, collect and analyze the information, and ultimately measure the effect of these policies on health outcomes. Legislation was searched from government websites, national cancer institute sites, international and national legal databases in a uniform way. Nvivo 12 software for content analysis of unstructured qualitative data related information was used for analysis. Coding of the data was developed by two researchers. Reliability of policies assessed according to Cohen's Kappa inter-rater reliability.

 The sample included 24 policies, plans guidelines, acts and strategic documents from 10 East-African countries. No relevant legislation identified from Somali and Djibouti. Majority of the countries had policy documents related to cervical cancer and touched on the components of cancer control. Majority of the East-African countries have not established screening registries leading to poor or no reliable data for assessing the cancer burden. Prophylactic vaccination against HPV is yet to be included in the national immunization schedules.

 Findings show limited coverage of the identified policies, discrepancy to international guides. To reduce the harmful impact of the discordance between scientific evidence and policies, surveillance systems have to be set up/strengthened.

 Legislation which is brought into force to prevent cervical cancer is a pillar of effective public health efforts. Evidence based policy mapping plays a key role in giving insight on the burden of disease thereby making informed decisions for health.


In order to learn about urban heat island distribution and its influence to high temperature during unusual high temperature and drought period in summer of 2006 in Chongqing,high resolute numeric model was used to simulate the urban heat island.The results showed that TAPM model could simulate the urban heat island distribution during the urban and suburb,so it had great ability to simulate urban heat island of Chongqing.The highest heat island was located in Shapingba district,east of Zhongliang hill.This was mainly because of dense buildings,industries and isolated wind velocity field in it.Along the river area of Jiangbei,Yuzhong,Nanan,Jiulongpo,Dadukou formed connected high heat island area,these area are all old city with high urbanization.The high temperature harm in night in urban increased because of the form of urban heat island.Because of rugged terrains,the urban heat island distribution was affected by urban,hills and rivers etc.at the same time.


The interest in immigrants, and more recently in ethnicity, has attracted the attention of scholars for over a century. Today it is generally recognized that American history is a history of various groups (WASPS, Germans, Italians, French, Irish, Poles, etc.). Unfortunately, theoretical and methodological confusion has resulted due to a lack of primary sources, tricky terminology and puzzling word usage. The fact is, erroneous generalizations and insinuations emanated from a lack of intrinsic comprehension. A perfect example of unfounded guesswork can be provided by the works of Thomas and Znaniecki, as noted by Lawrowski and several other outstanding scholars (including Jurkowsky, Greene and Polzin).' Also, and perhaps of lesser importance, is the vital factor of secondhand sources due to the inability to function in several


Feeding with a balanced formulation of nutrition, can help the process of growth  and moulting of mub crab,Scylla serrata. In general, the Soca crab aquaculture  utilize  feed that is still competitive with humans thereby increasing the cost operasional, while in the intensive aquaculture require  the availability of feed in a number of good quality, inexpensive, sustainable and high production value. One of an alternative food for the growth of mud crab is  temberungun snail (Telescopium-telescopium), which is a waste of traditional farming in ponds. This study aimed to compare the effect of  temberungun snail as a feed with other feeds that high economic value for the  growth and moulting of mud crab. The research was carried on  January to May in traditional ponds in the small island of Tarakan. Four feed treatments were applied:  A = trash fish, B = temberungun snails (Telescopium-telescopium), C =  crustaceans (Penaeid sp), D = squid (Loligo sp).   The results of the studi showed that the use of   non-economical feed of  temberungun snail was not significantly different with the other natural feed that high economic value   to growth and moulting of mud crab. Keywords : Scylla serrata, growth, moulting, snail temberungun


Using a non-perturbative method based on the selfconsistent Quasi-particle Random-Phase Approximation (QRPA) we describe the properties of the pion in the linear σ-model. It is found that the pion is massless in the chiral limit, both at zero-and finite temperature, in accordance with Goldstone's theorem.