The document is one of the outputs of an activity both individuals and organizations. With thepassage of time and the increasing activity of the resulting document will be many more. The resultingdocuments exist that are not confidential, but there is also a secret document in which those who do nothave the right authorization or permission is forbidden to access the document. The more secretdocuments to be protected, the more inefficient when any protected documents one by one. Hence theneed is being protected storage devices such documents, not the documents.TrueCrypt is a software that can be used to create an encrypted document storage device that canbe stored either in the hard disk or USB flash disk. Document storage device capacity can vary rangingfrom kilobytes (KB) to the units of gigabytes (GB). In addition, TrueCrypt can be mounted either on theMicrosoft Windows operating system, Mac OS X, and Linux. Encryption and decryption process fordocument storage devices will be done automatically before loading and storage process with no userintervention. To protect your document storage device with TrueCrypt can use a password only or acombination of passwords and key-file.TrueCrypt can be used to decrypt the document storage device with more than one format (FATand NTFS) simultaneously. Two or more document storage device that has been created can be decryptedon a different drive so that all storage devices such documents can be used like any other storage devicedocuments. After the document storage device didekripsikan or op


OSTEOARTHRITIS, also known as degenerative joint disease, almost uniformly accompanies ageing. Generally it has an insidious onset and a variable relationship of symptoms and functional impairment with slowly accumulating radiographic and pathologic evidence of its presence. As yet, there is no clinical evidence that treatment changes its course. The characteristics, manifestations, and outcomes of its clinical subtypes, e.g. Heberden's nodes, OA of hips and knees, OA of the spine etc., differ so much that clinical trials must be limited to single subtypes [1, 2]. Further complicating clinical trials are acute exacerbations of symptoms in OA joints, that may be related to intercurrent trauma or to co-existing calcium crystal deposition disease. Nevertheless, millions of persons desire relief from the annoying stiffness and discomfort associated with OA, and hundreds of thousands would welcome a medical therapy that could prevent the progression of OA to the point where surgical joint replacement is needed. Appropriate goals for the development of drug therapies for OA include: (1) more effective and bettertolerated drugs (than the currently available NSAIDs and analgesics) to relieve the annoying symptoms of OA; (2) a treatment to arrest, or at least to slow the progression of the pathologic changes in osteoarthritic joints. No available treatments have been proven to alter OA progression, but it is conceivable that inhibition of enzymes that promote cartilage degradation, such as neutral metalloproteinases, proteoglycanases, or collagenolytic enzymes either directly through pharmacologic inhibition of these enzymes or indirectly through upregulation of natural inhibitors such as tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) [3, 4], could prevent progressive cartilage damage in OA; (3) even more useful would be a treatment such as a growth factor or a growth-factor inhibitor (e.g. IL-1 inhibitor) that reversed the pathologic process, normalizing the misdirected attempts at bone and cartilage repair that produce functionless cartilage-covered bony osteophytes, and resulting in a more normal, more functional, 'younger' joint [5]. NSAIDs have been studied with in vivo animal models and in vitro models of pathogenic factors of OA, with sometimes disparate findings. For example, in studies of normal cartilage slices salicylate inhibited proteoglycan synthesis, whereas piroxicam had no appreciable effect, and benoxaprofen increased proteoglycan synthesis. In osteoarthritic articular cartilage explants salicylate inhibited proteoglycan synthesis to an even greater extent than that seen in salicylatetreated normal cartilage explants [6, 7]. Dogs with


Nowadays, MEMS, precision machining develops impressively and swiftly and needs high resolution micro-driving system. Micro-driving technology has a bright future. And piezoelectric micro driving is acknowledged as good approach for its advantage like compact structure, high resolution, high frequency response, without noises etc. Thus, a piezoelectric micro driving mechanism with nano-scale resolution was framed and then introduced in this article. A symmetrical flexible hinge was utilized to guide the movement. Micro-displacement performance experiments were carried out in a superior clean laboratory. Experimental data shows that the mechanism has a resolution of 4nm and a response of 10ms. It could be utilized in many fields that require nano-scale actuators. And key factors to high resolution of piezoelectric micro driving were presented on the base of experiments.


A study of single-tip tungsten emitters with the construction of current–voltage dependences in quadratic Fowler–Nordheim coordinates and modified coordinates (Murphy–Good plot that depend on the value of the work function) in real-time has been carried out. The statistical data on the value of the emission area and the field enhancement factor were accumulated. The statistical data on the voltage power in the pre-exponential factor were obtained by plotting the dependence of the notional emission area on the dimensionless field at the tip apex in the coordinates ln( Im/ Jk) versus ln( f). An empirical formula is proposed that uses a correction for the power of voltage, taking into account the shape of the tip.


The role of mismatch repair (MMR) testing has evolved from identifying Lynch syndrome patients to predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. This has led to requests from clinicians to retest recurrences of MMR‐proficient primary tumours in the hope that the recurrence may show a different MMR status and qualify the patient for treatment. We aimed to determine whether repeat testing is warranted.


Traditionally, project management is focused on outcomes such as quality, time and cost, with little consideration for environmental and social issues. While project management maturity has been discussed at length in the literature, there is currently a paucity of research exploring ways to embed sustainability into project management. Being able to measure levels of sustainability attainment in project management will help project owners identify strengths and weaknesses in their current practices. This paper addresses a gap in the literature by: 1) prescribing a set of criteria for assessing project sustainability maturity levels leading to a project sustainability maturity level (PSML) model, and 2) presenting a fuzzy-based approach to measure maturity levels. An example illustrates the various steps involved in the approach. The fuzzy-based approach is seen as appropriate for reflecting the uncertainty in sustainability maturity assessments. The originality of this paper lies in showing how sustainability can be assessed in a progressive manner through maturity levels.


IJMM 2017; 11(4): 64-69 Background and Aims: Salmonellosis is an important disease among human animals and which is caused by different serovars of Salmonella enterica. Serovars enteritidis and typhimurium are the most prevalent serovars among human and animals which are the causes of foodborne infections. This study aimed to detect the antibiotic resistance pattern in Salmonella strains isolated from red meat as well as the molecular identification of tetracycline resistance genes.


Nowadays the scientists' attention has been focused on the electric vehicle field carrying out numerous researches and studies. The ground fault in electric vehicle is quite common due to the severe operation conditions, such as vibrations, twists or even shocks. The electric systems in electric vehicles are ungrounding, so the first ground fault is not dangerous. Nevertheless, a second ground fault could produce malfunction of some systems, power loss or even damages. It takes time to locate where the grounded fault comes from (DC or AC part). This research is focused on developing a ground-fault detection method for electric vehicles. The method is based on the analysis of the voltage in a grounding resistor. According to the polarity and harmonics, it is possible to locate the ground fault. This method has been tested by computer simulations with promising results.


While probabilistic linkage methods are ostensibly based on the probabilities of record pairs being matches (i.e. their marginal precision or positive predictive value), in practice they are used principally for ranking candidate links and fall short of supporting estimation of absolute probabilities. A few variations on Fellegi and Sunter's framework have been proposed to better accommodate the dependencies that limit transformation of match weights into match probabilities, but there are almost no alternative frameworks for match probability estimation.


Civil liability is an independent ability of civil law that is parallel with the capacity for civil rights and civil conduct.Civil liability has broad and narrow sense.The capacity of civil liability in the broad sense includes the capacity of breach of contract,tort capabilities and the fault liability ability;in the narrow sense it refers only to tort liability capacity.Taking ability to identify as a general criterion,taking property status as an exception to the standard,the capacity of tort liability set a strict standard condition in the application of the property standard.Minors with the liability who causes damage to others should undertake joint liability with the guardian.


Discriminant analysis (DA), particularly Discriminant Coordinates (DC), is broadly applied in the scientific literature and included in many statistical software packages. DC is used to analyze biomedical data, especially for differential diagnosis on the basis of laboratory profiles. Articles handling influence analysis in DA can be found in the literature; however, this topic has been scarcely touched upon in DC. In this article, the case-deletion approach is followed to introduce a perturbation in the data and influence measures are proposed to assess the effect on three statistics of interest: the transformation matrix, canonical directions, and configuration, of the sample centroids.


Caste is an 'integral component' of Indian society.  Almost all the social groups in Indian subcontinent have their specific rites and rituals. It consolidated them within certain compartmentalized caste category. In this context, there was a custom where girl children were used to dedicate to the 'Hindu' temples for the religious service to the deity in the name of devadasi. The system became an important cultural element in the medieval Indian society. The system evolved with its unique functionality in the Indian tradition. The dedicated young girls came from different castes and assigned duties accordingly. However, it was not classified as a separate caste. It became an interesting historical question. This particular paper focused on the devadasi custom and its caste dynamics in the historical past.


It should be stated how many index cases were examined in a total of 370, and how many were presenting with a pure phenotype: The 370 were unrelated index cases, and 83% with a pure phenotype . It should be stated how many familial cases harbored mutations in one of the two genes and how many sporadic/unclear transmission patients proved to be positive upon full gene testing: A total of 141 (31%) were familial cases, and we found a higher frequency of mutation carriers among these compared to apparently sporadic cases (38% vs. 5%). Introduction Gene names should be italicized. We have italicized the Gene names. For the sake of clarity, indicate at first mention the spastin and atlastin genes as SPAST/SPG4 and ATL1/SPG3A, respectively. This has been corrected, including the abstract. Add latest date of consultation of the gene specific database. Done. References should be presented consistently following the journal guidelines (no superscript references, please) References were corrected and presented according to the Journal Guidelines. Patients & Methods Considering the number of patients, state unequivocally index cases only. The 370 were non-related patients (index cases). This was indicated in the ms. -Divide them in familial (and n of families) (that is, those with a positive family history) and "apparent" sporadic those with parents who were alive and did not present subjective neurological complains or could not be examined or unsure past medical history. A total of 141 patients (38%) were classified as familial ADHSP based in the family history, while 229 patients (62%) were classified as " apparently" sporadic cases. In 177 of these the two parents were alive and did not have symptoms consistent with HSP, while in 52 the inheritance pattern could not be established because no clinical data were available from relatives. We indicated these facts in the ms. MLPA analysis section should precede Analysis of SPAST transcripts This section was moved. Avoid the use of not canonical jargon (for example SP). We avoided non canonical terms (such as SP, using HSP) It would be important to have comparisons between disease duration, severity


In the course of investigating a patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia in which the causative autoantibody had anti‐Wrb specificity, it was demonstrated that an En(a–) red blood cell sample typed as Wr(a–b–). The only known example of Wr(a+b–) blood typed as En(a+) so that anti‐Wrb and anti‐Ena do not have the same specificity.


This paper examines the impact of public spending on ASEAN-5 countries economic development. The purpose of this study is to provide evidence, reference and contribute to the knowledge about government spending and economic growth. This study involves ASEAN-5 countries. The countries are Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines and Malaysia. The countries are chosen because there is a lack of study of government expenditure for ASEAN-5 countries using panel data. The data covers from year 1990 to 2014. The data is retrieved from the World Development Indicators (World Bank). The dependent variable is gross domestic product (GDP). GDP is used to measure economic growth. The main independent variable is government expenditure. The other independent variables are gross capital formation, portfolio investment, labor, trade, total reserve and gross savings. A clear understanding about inter-linkages between government spending and economic growth will help the government in making better decision for the country. As ASEAN countries have responsibility for ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) Blueprint 2025 to meet its objectives, ASEAN governments are expected to effectively monitor the public spending as fiscal instrument in stimulating economic growth. Government expenditure may become unproductive if misallocating and using it in excess. From this study, there is evidence that government expenditure has impact on economic growth. Future research is expected to expand the investigation to other composition of government spending such as education, defense and infrastructure expenditures instead of using general government final consumption expenditures.


The reaction of CoII(TpivPP) {TpivPP is the dianion of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[2-(2,2-dimethylpropanamido)phenyl]porphyrin} with an excess of KCN salts and an excess of the 18-crown-6 in chlorobenzene leads to the polymeric title compound catena-poly[[dicyanido-2κ2 C-(1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane-1κ6 O){μ3-(2α,2β)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis[2-(2,2-dimethylpropanamido)phenyl]porphyrinato-1κO 5:2κ4 N,N′,N′′,N′′′:1′κO 15}cobalt(III)potassium] dihydrate], {[CoK(CN)2(C12H24O6)(C64H64N8O4]·2H2O}n. The CoIII ion lies on an inversion center, and the asymmetric unit contains one half of a [CoIII(2α,2β-TpivPP)(CN)2]− ion complex and one half of a [K(18-C-6]+ counter-ion (18-C-6 is 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane), where the KI ion lies on an inversion center. The CoIII ion is hexacoordinated by two C-bonded axial cyanide ligands and the four pyrrole N atoms of the porphyrin ligand. The KI ion is chelated by the six O atoms of the 18-crown-6 molecule and is further coordinated by two O atoms of pivalamido groups of the porphyrin ligands, leading to the formation of polymeric chains running along [011]. In the crystal, the polymeric chains and the lattice water molecules are linked by N—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, as well as weak C—H⋯O, O—H⋯π and C—H⋯π interactions into a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture.


The influence of stockbreeding complexes on hinterland is considered. The intensive way of animal breeding complex waste recycling in one cycle, as alternative energy source, is suggested


Sequences of system call have become an important data resource of anomaly detection. Considering the large overhead of existing methods to construct normal profile using system call traces, an efficient algorithm is proposed based on STIDE in order to reduce the computing cost. The axis system calls which could represent the characteristics of normal behaviors are extracted by a sequences extracting factor. The improved algorithm measures the interestingness of sequences of system calls by involving the axis system calls, then train and tests the relevant sequences which we are concerned about. Experimental results demonstrate that the computing cost of training and testing in the new way has a reduction of 70% than the standard algorithm.


Palabras clave: Antropologia, comunicacion, discurso, semiologia, sociedad, television. Abstract: This article proposes to analyze the representation of race, class and moral in television phenomena "Magaly TeVe" and "Al fondo hay sitio" from an anthropological glance of the television, and understanding their communicative, discursive and social dimensions. On one hand, after analyzing the discourse of "Magaly TeVe", it was easy to see that the why and how the success of the communication strategy for this television phenomenon closely imposes moral and socially shared codes, and a configured mode of organization, relationship and interaction already validated in our social fabric.


The research described in this paper was partially an attempt to evaluate market changes and to provide a useful framework from which supply policies could be analyzed. During the long periods of excess demand in the hospital nurse market, a source of controversy was whether the situation resulted from deficient supply or deficient quantity supplied of these professionals. The dynamics of the market complicate resolution of this question and
make it an interesting theoretical challenge. But, beyond this, there are serious policy and planning implications since correct definition of the problem is the necessary first step to the correct choice of a solution.


A saw attachment mechanism (600) comprises a track configured to releasably engage at least one guide roller (605), each guide roller of the guide shaft (610) coupled to the roller and the guide roller pivot (115), configured to guide roller shaft (610) at least one push rod (120) engages, and a handle (140) coupled to the cam shaft (135). The guide roller (605) rotatable about a guide roller shaft (610') is rotated. The guide roller pivot (115) and said one guide roller is coupled toward an engaged configuration so as to allow rotation of the guide roller and a guide roller shaft (610) away from the engaged configuration and rotating guide roller and a guide roller shaft. The push rod (120) may be engaged with the first end of the guide roller shaft, and a second end engaged with the camshaft. The camshaft (135) is rotated, the push rod (120) slidably to engage the guide roller shaft (610), so that the roller guide shaft is swung into the engaged position.


This study investigates the empirical relationship between the use of derivatives by Korean banks and risk. In doing so, we employ two alternative measures of proxy for firm risk: systematic risk and ex ante earnings volatility.Contrary to the general concerns about the risk-increasing role of the use of derivative products, our results indicate that banks' derivatives are, on average, associated with two measures of risk in negative ways. The evidence is consistent with the conjectures that derivative use reduces noise related to exogenous factors and hence decreases firm risk. This suggests that equity market participants, on average, perceive derivative activities by banks as a sign of banks' efforts to reduce risk.


Abstract : The Middle East has been and remains a region of vital American interests yet how we define our interests and our concerns is very different from how the region would define these words. Our focus is on regional stability and in the Gulf, specifically, on the importance of the continued free flow of oil to global markets. We see threats from the development of WMD capabilities (a nuclear Iran), terrorism, and the ongoing Israeli- Palestinian conflict. Arab leaders and publics are also concerned about regional instability; but they focus first on the Arab-Israeli conflict and the emotion that issue brings to bear on other interests, foremost their ability to have a close relationship with the U.S. Iranians are concerned about national and regime security; for the Gulf it is tribal security, the role of Shia in the political system and the imbalance of power. All Arab regimes are concerned with the economic, social, and political consequences of their failure to meet public expectations be it defending successfully Arab causes or creating a better economic life. Our military presence in the Middle East region continues to be hotly debated and divisive; contradictory is another completely appropriate word. Many Arab governments and even their publics both want us there and want us gone! How can this be? Simply said, they recognize their need for a US military presence for regional security; but they feel and fear the intensity of popular animosity toward the US in the region and see a very visible American military presence as exacerbating that hostility. The United States decision to send American ground forces into the heartland of the Arab and Islamic Middle East is a defining event of significant importance. Many issues, long dormant or under some control, are now in motion. What all this means for the region is, as yet, unknown; but one fact is certain. While we and other actors in the region can influence developments, none of us control the outcome.


Developing phonological knowledge of students is believed to be beneficial toreading development. This paper reviews selected eight articles on the issue ofphonological knowledge and reading development in both native and English asSecond Language (ESL) context. In finding the trends and patterns across all eightarticles, the content and context of each study was critically analyzed. Thediscussion is divided into five sub sections; research settings, data collectionmethods, samples selection, focus or issue of the current studies, as well as thesimilarities and differences of the findings. It is found that phonologicalknowledge (as developed in phonics instruction) is undeniably effective to developreading skills, even for readers with limited exposure to English. Students whowere exposed to phonics instruction were able to read fluently compared to theircounterparts. Some of these studies even highlighted that these students acquiredreading skills faster compared to the control groups. The findings of the selectedstudies have also established contributing factors on reading success. Of interest,gender, age and type of phonics instruction are among influential factors toreading development. Despite the impressive findings, this paper also discussesthe other components and structure of the selected studies, such as the researchdesign, settings, sample selection as well as focus or issue highlighted in eachselected study. It is hoped that this paper will enlighten readers on the trends andpatterns of the current literature in the area of phonological knowledge andreading development across language settings


This paper discusses the prediction of sales and supply of 3 kg LPG gas at the Karanggan LPG base. This base needs the right policies to meet uncertain demand. Decomposition forecasting method is used to determine the prediction of sales of 3 kg LPG gas cylinders in the next period. Uncertain demand causes the inventory system to be probabilistic, so the inventory model P is used to manage the supply of 3 kg LPG cylinders with lost sales cases to obtain optimal time between orders and the total cost of inventory. Based on the research results, it is obtained forecasting results that increase every month until August 2020 and decrease in September and October 2020. The company must place LPG gas orders within 1 day intervals between orders. The total cost of selling 3 kg LPG gas using the inventory model with lost sales cases is IDR 44,122,831


Cartwright-type and Bernstein-type theorems, previously known only for functions of exponential type in $\C^n$, are extended to the case of functions of arbitrary order in a cone.


Generally, carbonate secondary pore structure is very complex, such as, for the dissolution fractured and caved carbonate reservoir in Tarim Basin. The complex secondary pore structure can significantly influence seismic wave velocities, bringing great difficulties for the exploration and characterization of this type of reservoir. Therefore the determination of carbonate secondary pore structure (mainly pore shapes) is quite important. In this paper, the DEM-Gassmann velocity prediction model proposed by us formerly is inversely employed to invert the carbonate secondary pore types in the calibration of both Pand Swave velocities derived from logging data. The volume fraction of each pore type can be determined quantitatively. Through comparing with the results indicated in FMI and core data, the mismatching rate of the inversion results is quite low, proving the availability and reliability of this method for carbonate secondary pore structure inversion.


Black seabream juveniles Acanthopagrus schlegelii held at 20°C were exposed to formalin at concentrations of 50 to 400 ppm, and tolerance values were determined by calculating median lethal concentration values (LC50) through probit analysis. The 12-, 24,48, 72- and 96-h LC50 values for formalin were 297, 233, 171, 162 and 157 ppm, respectively. The histological effects of formalin on gill and liver tissues in this fish were determined. No histological effects were observed in the control group. The intensity of cell damage increased with the concentration of, and duration of exposure to, formalin. Hyperplasia, separation and epithelial necrosis,epithelial lifting, lamellar synechiae and collapsed lamellae were observed in gill tissues exposed to formalin. Hepatic lesions in liver tissues of fishes exposed to formalin were characterized by cloudy swelling of hepatocytes, necrosis, cytoplasmic vacuolization,deposition of pigments, spongiosis hepatis, nuclear hypertrophy, dilation of sinusoids and bile stagnation. The LC50 values and histological results obtained in this study will aid in designing treatment regimens to minimize toxic side effects and increase efficacy.


Cherie Elder Brickhill. A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DEVELOPMENT OF A BIBLICAL WORLDVIEW IN CHRISTIAN MIDDLESCHOOL STUDENTS. (Under the direction of Dr. Clar ence Holland). School of Education, October, 2010. One of the important goals of Christian education is to train students to see the world through the lens of scripture. However, Christian schools are regularly graduat ing students who do not think from a distinctively biblical worldview. This study utilized comparative data analysis (Kruskal-Wallis test) to investigate the relationship between four independent variables and the biblical worldview of middle-school students as measured by the PEERS worldview test. The study examined the influence of t yp elementary education, frequency of church attendance, personal faith commitme nt, and parent Christian belief on the PEERS test scores and religion subcategory scor es of students enrolled in Christian middle-school. Results suggested significant re lationships between frequency of church attendance and personal faith commitment and the PEE RS composite scores and religion subcategory scores. Many of the students in t his study demonstrated a commitment to faith-based practices, but their worldview was strongly secular humanist. The results suggest a gap between religion-based knowle dge and practices and application of scripture to real life issues. The study conc ludes with implications for Christian educators including an outline of a curriculum strat egy for biblical worldview development and suggestions for further research.


Materials for a taxonomic revision of the Geostachys (Baker) Ridl. in Peninsular Malaysia, resulting from recent fieldwork are presented, with notes on the threat assessment of extant species. Twelve of the 13 previously known species were studied in situ, and two newly described species have also been found (Geostachys belumensis C.K. Lim & K.H. Lau and G. erectifrons K.H. Lau, C.K. Lim & K. Mat-Salleh), bringing the current total to 15 taxa, all highland species, found in hill, sub-montane and upper montane forests ranging from 600 m to 2000 m a.s.l. Thirteen out of 15 of the known species are believed to be hyper-endemic, found so far only in their respective type localities.


Abstract. Digital image processing is to modify graphics, improving image quality and extract valuable information from the images. The detection technology based on machine vision is more applicable for the dangerous environment and situations that difficult to find, it is can also avoid the error generated by human vision. This paper introduces the precise measurement technology based on machine vision, and distortion correction theory was studied by the nonlinear optimization which is based on the traditional camera calibration method, then the samples were measured by edge detection with Sobel operator. The result shows that this method is promotive to the accurate measurement.


Service-oriented computing (SOC) is the computing paradigm that utilizes services as fundamental elements for developing business collaborations. In order to realize this vision payment is a critical issue that must be addressed. Current work in this area is scarce, and usually focused on low level requirements. In this report we present a layered specification of payment properties for business collaboration. The approach supports specification of high level payment criteria, the mechanisms to achieve those, and the measures needed to implement these mechanisms. Moreover, dependencies among criteria, mechanisms and measures are made explicit as such creating a traceable path from criteria to measures.


Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to explore the introduction of agents, such as consultants and lawyers, when the continuation of a business relationship is threatened by conflict.Design/methodology/approach – Based on findings in a distorted business relationship in the oil industry, describes an "agent effect" on managerial decisions.Findings – The "agent effect" reduces uncertainty in the decision process by adding information, but also increases the uncertainty. This implies that their advice in fact may increase managerial uncertainty to a level of which the relationship may end up in a business divorce. The study is explorative and based on a single case study design where written communication between the battling parties, public media and court writs are investigated. Primary and secondary data sources are combined.Research limitations/implications – Although the paper's strength lies in it being an in‐depth analysis of a single case, this approach is also a limitation when claiming new knowl...


In this paper we demonstrate a dark field video imaging system for the detection and size characterization of individual magnetic micromarkers suspended in liquid and the detection of pathogens utilizing magnetically labelled E.coli. The system follows dynamic processes and interactions of moving micro/nano objects close to or below the optical resolution limit, and is especially suitable for small sample volumes (~ 10 μl). The developed detection method can be used to obtain clinical information about liquid contents when an additional biological protocol is provided, i.e., binding of microorganisms (e.g. E.coli) to specific magnetic markers. Some of the major advantages of our method are the increased sizing precision in the micro- and nano-range as well as the setup's simplicity making it a perfect candidate for miniaturized devices. Measurements can thus be carried out in a quick, inexpensive, and compact manner. A minor limitation is that the concentration range of micromarkers in a liquid sample needs to be adjusted in such a manner that the number of individual particles in the microscope's field of view is sufficient.


Objective To construct a recombinant expression plasmid containing hTERT promoter and Fcy∷Fur suicide gene and to explore its killing effect on ovarian cancer cells.Methods ①In order to construct recombinant plasmid p2XEB-Fcy::Fur and pGL3-Pro-Fcy::Fur,Fcy::Fur gene was amplified first from plasmid pORF5-Fcy::Fur using PCR and inserted into plasmid p2XEB and pGL3-promoter respectively.②We detected the expression of hTERT at mRNA level in SKOV3 and MRC-5 cells by RT-PCR and analyzed its promoter activity using luciferase analysis method.③We transfected the 2 recombinant plasmids into SKOV3 and MRC-5 cells by ultrasound destructing microbubble and co-cultured cells with 5-FC.The changes of cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed by CCK-8 and AO/EB dyeing.Fcy::Fur mRNA was measured by RT-PCR.Results The plasmids of p2XEB-Fcy::Fur and pGL3-Pro-Fcy::Fur were constructed successfully and identified by restriction endonuclease and sequencing.SKOV3 and MRC-5 cells showed respectively positive and negative expression of hTERT mRNA,with hTERT promoter activity of 26.2% in SKOV3 cells and 0.65% in MRC-5 cells.Cell proliferation inhibitory rate was higher in p2XEB-Fcy::Fur/SKOV3 than that in p2XEB-Fcy::Fur/MRC-5(P=0.036),while the inhibitory rate was of no distinction in pGL3-Pro-Fcy::Fur/SKOV3 and pGL3-Pro-Fcy::Fur/MRC-5(P=0.87).Except in p2XEB-Fcy::Fur/MRC-5,large scale of cell apoptosis and Fcy::Fur mRNA expression were found in the other three transfected groups(P0.01).Conclusion The recombinant plasmid of p2XEB-Fcy::Fur is constructed successfully,and in the combination with 5-FC,it can kill targeted ovarian cancer cells.


The present paper analyzes the impact of differentiated land uses in the catchment area (pastoreo, forest and urban) on changes in phytoplankton biomass of open water in small water bodies located in the central part of the Wielkopolska region (westem Poland). Anthropogenic pressure in the pond surroundings ranged from almost negligible in the forested areas to very strong in the urban areas which were subject to the impact of the large city agglomeration. The examination of chlorophyll a and the physical-chemical features of water were carried out over one week in luly 2006. The water of the investigated ponds had a characteristically neutral to alkaline pH and moderate mineralization. Urban ponds exhibited the higher chlorophyll concentrations and pH values. Ponds in the pastoral landscape were characterized by high concentrations of phosphorus due to livestock influence. Some ponds in the pastoral area presented also high nitrate concentrations indicating agricultural influence. A specific feature of mid-forest ponds was a relatively lower concentration of phosphate in the water, but they had a high concentration of DOM, both factors were probably responsible for the maintenance of a low biomass of algae.


Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of Non-Hormonal drugs on Uterine LeiomyomaMethod: The study was conducted on sixty women of age 20-50 yrs with Leiomyoma. All cases were randomly divided into three groups, Group 1 received 25mg Mifepristone once daily, Group 2 received Ormeloxifene 60mg biweekly and group 3 received Tripterygiumwilfordii 30mg with Vitamin D 1000IU twice daily orally for 6 months. The efficacy of the drugs were analyzed by comparing the pretreatment and post-treatment reduction in size of Leiomyoma, Pictorial blood assessment chart (PBAC), Visual Analogue Score (VAS), Haemoglobin level and Endometrial Thickness (ET) .Result: A statistically significant reduction in PBAC score in group1 (p<0.0001), group 2 (P<0.001) and group3 (p<0.001) and VAS (Mifepristone p<0.001, Ormeloxifene p<0.001 and Tripterygiumwilfordii with Vitamin D p<0.001) was observed with equivalent efficacy. Hemoglobin level was significantly raised from 9.30±1.34 to 11.57±0.59 (P<0.003), 9.40±1.41 to 11.2±0.66 (p<0.03) and 9.51±1.273 to 10.87±3.49 (P<0.03) in Group1, Group2 and Group3 respectively. Mean volume of Leiomyoma was reduced by 63.05% (p=0.001) with Mifepristone, 25.79% (p=0.01) with Ormeloxifene and 44.60% (p=0.001) with Tripterygiumwilfordii with Vitamin D. A significant decrease in ET was 8.23±0.68 to 5.39±1.48 (p=0.001) with Ormeloxifene whereas group1 (p<0.001) and group 3 (p<0.05) caused significant increase in ET. Conclusion: All the three drugs were found effective in treatment of Leiomyoma. However, Mifepristone was found to be more effective in reducing size of Leiomyoma and menstrual blood loss as compared to Tripterygiumwilfordii with vitamin D and Ormeloxifene with minimal side effects.


The characteristics of the present tree-line in continental Northern Quebec appear to be related to modem and past ecological conditions. 14C dating of fossil trees and charcoal, and age structure of tree populations are used as evidence of tree-line dynamics over the last 400 yr. As inferred from the reproductive strategies of the two tree species, black spruce Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP. and Tamarack Larix laricina (DuRoi) K. Koch, forming the present tree-line populations, major changes during postglacial time in Northern Quebec are not only concerned with tree-line position, but also with tree-line composition. The present tree-line is made by larch (or tamarack) and corresponds to its natural seed regeneration limit. Black spruce probably reached its northernmost holocene latitudes during a warmer period and it then formed the tree-line. During the Little Ice Age, fires destroyed large tracks of forest and black spruce krummholz (400, and 250-200 yr ago); afterwards, tree species reestablished only in protected sites, and exposed sites were not reseeded. At some places, fires did not burn completely the forest cover, and preserved isolated trees and small groves probably became locus of reafforestation. Differential forest regeneration and tree age structure suggest that fire and climate are intimately associateu in controlling tree population dynamics. Favourable and less favourable forest regeneration periods are inferred from these data and it is suggested that tree-line displacements in Northern Quebec during the last 400 yr were less important than in the Northwest Territories.


This article tells us how the Tiexi District in Shenyang has changed over the past 70 years since the 1930s,which has been a period of great turbulence,The District,an epitome of the history of Chinese modern ndustry with all its rises and falls,displays how the decisive powers of politics and economy shape the a city to the largest possible extent.


The University of Nevada, Reno has developed a collisional-radiative atomic kinetics model that has successfully described the spectra produced by widely different multicharged ion experiments. The application of the model to experiments that highlight the importance of particular kinetics effects, including time-dependence and non-Maxwellian electron distribution functions, will be presented. These experiments include ion beam collision and high-temperature femtosecond laser and X-pinch plasma experiments. Adequate descriptions of ion beam collision spectra and x-ray yield require time-dependent treatment of radiative cascades from high-n capture states. Spectra from plasmas with significant fractions of hot electrons, such as those produced by fs lasers and X-pinches, require calculation of hot electron effects on collisional rates. The kinetics model presented here extracts as much information as possible from advanced experimental diagnostics such as time- and space-resolved spectral measurements.


The disclosed preparation method for a global interconnected copper hollow structure comprises: 1. forming a pattern barrier layer, sputtering seed layer, photo etching, and mask plating to form a pattern copper column; 2. etching the bottom film, filling the sacrifice layer, polishing, sputtering seed layer, photo etching, plating, removing glue, and etching the bottom film; 3. same as in step 2, filling the sacrifice layer, grinding and polishing, sputtering the seed layer, photo etching, and plating copper column; and 4. forming objective structure. This invention reduces the dielectric constant greatly, and avoids the diffusion of conductor material.


HIV-1 infection between subject groups.) Second, differences in the specific enrollment criteria of the two studies meant that 305 HIV-negative women from the Lancet study did not meet initial enrollment criteria for the HIV-2 protection study and so were excluded. Third, women in the HIV-2 protection study that did not attend their scheduled visits were actively followed by a team of physicians and clinic workers. This active follow-up was not part of the protocol of the Lancet study (1), in which we stated that loss to follow-up might have resulted in an underestimate of HIV-1 incidence among HIV-negative women. Greenberg et al. prematurely conclude that our matching procedure (2) may have resulted in a selection bias that would be responsible for the protective effect of HIV-2. To address these concerns, we performed the HIV-2 protection analysis on a nonmatched study population that included 199 HIV-2-positive (12 added from 1994 through 1995) and 1264 HIV-negative women. Seven women became dually infected among the 199 HIV-2-seropositive women, and 83 women seroconverted to HIV-1 among the 1264 HIV-seronegative women. The adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) for HIV-2-positive women was 0.36 (95%CI = 0.13 to 0.99), which was statistically significant (P < 0.05) (Table 1). Because the Lancet study had clearly shown Ghanaian nationality as a predictor of HIV-1 seroconversion (adjusted RR 2.70; 95%CI = 1.28 to 5.72) (1), we performed a sensitivity analysis to evaluate its potential effect on HIV-2 protection. All HIV-negative and HIV-2positive Ghanaians that were lost to follow-up were coded as HIV-1 seroconverters, the adjusted IRR for HIV-2-positive women was 0.48 (95%CI = 0.24 to 1.00), which was statistically significant (P < 0.05) (Table 1). This analysis demonstrates the protective effect of HIV-2 even when we account for potential differential risk in those who were lost to follow-up. As suggested, we analyzed 187 HIV-2positive women; each one was compared with two randomly selected HIV-negative women (n = 374) matched on age, nationality, and years of registered prostitution. This is a lower number of HIV-negative women than reported (2) as a result of our removing: all negative women matched to HIV-1-positive women, all HIV-1 seroconverters that were not originally matched as seronegative women, and HIV-2 seroconverters who contributed seronegative person-time. Seven women became dually infected among the 187 HIV-2-seropositive women, and 41 women seroconverted to HIV-1 among the 374 HIV-seronegative women. We constructed a multivariate Poisson regression model as described in our report (2), and the adjusted IRR for HIV-2positives was 0.27 (95%CI = 0.10 to 0.76), which was statistically significant (P < 0.05) (Table 1). When we added new data from 1994 through 1995, the adjusted IRR for HIV-2-positive women was 0.26 (95%CI = 0.09 to 0.72), which was statistically significant (P < 0.05) (Table 1).


Phono-typological distances between Baltic and Slavonic languages The application of "Chi-square" criterion allows us to measure the distances between languages objectively. The phono-typological distance between Baltic and Slavonic languages was measured. The phono-typological distance between Lithuanian and Latvian languages is much greater than between Lithuanian and Old Russian. The sound picture of Lithuanian is more similar to modern Russian (6,07) than to Latvian. In its turn, Latvian's sound picture is more similar to Old Russian (2,47) than Lithuanian. Latvian is more similar to modern Russian (3,65) than Lithuanian by its sound picture. The closeness of Baltic and Slavonic languages may be explained by the former language unity and by intensive language contacts.


Figures and Tables. Preface. 1. Getting Oriented. The Approach. The Project. Some Guidelines for Getting Started. Questions for Discussion: Getting Started. A Framework for Course Design. Questions for Discussion: The Conceptual Framework. Relation of Course Design to Curriculum Development. Alignment with Standards. Generating Initial Ideas. References. 2. Setting a Direction. Graphic Organizers. Developing a Tentative Course Outline. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs). Formulating Central Questions. Questions for Discussion: Central Questions. Conceptual Maps. Questions for Discussion: Mapping. Narratives. Flowcharts. Finding Out Where the Students Are. Related Material. Answers to Exercises. References. 3. Developing a Course Rationale. Values and Assumption. Questions for Discussion: Values and Assumptions. Rationale and Entry Point in Planning. Components of a Course Rationale. The Place of a Rationale in Course Design. Questions for Discussion: Sample Rationale. Rationales for Elementary School Units. Questions for Discussion: Course Rationale. References. 4. Refining Intended Learning Outcomes. ILO Statements: Form and Function. Categorizing ILOs. Guidelines for Clarifying ILOs. Priority of ILOs. Overall Balance of ILOs. Summary. Questions for Discussion: Intended Learning Outcomes. References. 5. Forming Units of the Course. Clustering ILOs into Units. Forming Units around Instructional Foci. Titling the Units. Organization and Sequence for Elementary Unit Planning. Suggestions for Elementary Unit Planning. Questions for Discussion: Forming Units. References. 6. Organizing the Course's Units. Organizing the Units. Alternative Organizations: Some Examples. Questions for Discussion: The Unit Outline. Scope and Sequence Charts. Answers to Exercises. References. 7. Developing General Teaching Strategies. Effective Learning Environments. Academic Tasks. Teaching Strategies. Approaches to Instruction. Some Examples. Example 7.1 Subunit Two-Wonders of the Forest Community. Example 7.2 Subunit Two-Rivers. Example 7.3 Subunit Two-The Sounds of Poetry (11D2 weeks). Example 7.4 Subunit One-The Camera. Introduction and Two Subunits from a High School. Algebra Unit on Coordinate Geometry. Example 7.5 Subunit Three-Graphing Two-Dimensional Linear Equations. Example 7.6 Subunit Four-Operations of Graphs. Course Planning Steps. Questions for Discussion: General Teaching Strategies. References. 8. Planning a Course Evaluation. Perspective on Evaluation. Gathering Evidence on Main Effects. Gathering Evidence of Educational Results. Authentic Methods of Assessment. Gathering Evidence of Side Effects. Troubleshooting. Summary. Questions for Discussion: Course Evaluation. References. Epilogue. Reference. Appendix A. Colonial America: Social Studies Curriculum for Grade 5. Kerry Nappi. Comments. Introduction. Conceptual Map for Unit on Colonial America. Subunits: Coming to the New World. Reasons for Coming and Reactions to Life Here. An Early Settlement: Plymouth Plantation. Daily Life and Regional Differences. Government. Religion in the Colonies. Relationships with Native Americans. Indentured Servants and Slavery. Why Do We Call Them Colonies? Evaluation. Appendix B. A Survey of Western Art. Margaret Timmerman. Comments. Rationale. Introduction. ILOs. Cognitions and Cognitive Skills. Psycho-perceptual Skills. Affective Understandings. Introduction to the Course. Units: The Ancient World. The Middle Ages, 5-6 Weeks. The Renaissance, 5-6 Weeks. The Baroque and Rococo. The Revolutionary Age, 5-6 Weeks. The Twentieth Century, 5-6 Weeks. Course Evaluation. A Note on Cognition. Appendix C. Immigration: A Social Studies: Unit for Sixth Graders. Michelle Chang. Comments. Introduction. Conceptual Map. Intended Learning Outcomes. Complex Skill: Writing a Research Paper. Sequence. Instruction. Subunits: Why Come to the United States? U.S. Laws and Regulations Pertaining to Immigration. Factors for Success and Failure of Immigrants. Immigrants' Contributions to U.S. Society and Culture. Current Events. Unintended Learning Outcomes. Evaluation. Test. Possible Sources. Appendix D. A Metric Measurement Unit for Grades One and Two. Susan M. Etheredge. Comments. Rationale. Central Questions. Introduction. Intended Learning Outcomes for the Unit in Order of Priority. "Get Ready" Lessons and Discussion. Subunits. Unintended Learning Outcomes. Evaluation of High-Priority Intended Learning Outcomes. Evidence of Main Effects of the Five High-Priority ILOs. Glossary. Index.


According to the link structure 138 of the first embodiment, the inside link member 120 and the outside link member 130 can be arranged so that the inclined surface 182A faces toward the inclined surface 180A before the inside link member 120 is inserted into the outside link member 130. Then, the inside link member 120 can be pushed into the outside link member 130, and the inclined surface 182A can contact the inclined surface 180A, while sliding with respect to the inclined surface 180A, so that the link members 120 and 130 are deformed with elasticity during the pushing. As a result, it is possible to insert the link rotational shaft 128 into the shaft hole 136 easily without unreasonable force being applied or added to the link rotational shaft 128, and to prevent deformation of the link rotational shafts 128 and the shaft holes 136 during the inserting thereof. Also, if the inserting of the link members 120 and 130 is finished, and the shapes of the link members 120 and 130 return to the original shapes thereof, the distance L1 can become longer than the distance L2. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the link rotational shafts 128 disengaging from the shaft holes 136.


Background: The leaf sheath of many plants has been observed to influence both stiffness of the stem and ultimate strength. The leaf sheath has been implicated in studies of maize "greensnap" (or "brittle-snap") failure. However, but the influence of the sheath is still not well understood and few methods exist for studying the influence of the sheath. The goal of this study was to develop a method for assessing longitudinal and temporal patterns of sheath influence on flexural stiffness. This metric of flexural stiffness was chosen because it is non-destructive and has been shown to be highly predictive of bending strength. Results: A three-point bending test method was successfully developed for assessing the influence of the sheath on flexural stiffness. The method relies upon comparisons between pairs of tests at the same location (sheath present vs. absent). The influence of the sheath was statistically significant in all varieties tested. The test method provided insights into the longitudinal and spatial variation of sheath influence: sheath influence appears to be closely related to maturity since both spatial and temporal patterns of influence mirror the sigmoidal maturation patterns previously observed in maize stalks. Conclusions: The paired nature of this test method increases statistical significance while the non-destructive feature of this test allows for multiple tests along the length of the stalk. This method can be used to provide new insightsregarding how the leaf sheath influences stalk flexibility (and therefore strength). Preliminary results indicate that the influence of the sheath changes over the life span of the plant in parallel with maturation patterns. However, further studies will be needed to confirm this hypothesis more broadly and to study additional issues such as heritability and the influce of genotype and environment on sheath influence.


The research purposes are 1) Analyse the results of bibliometric mapping visualization on research trends ethnoscience-based learning and its contribution to physics learning, 2) Analyse author collaboration on research trends ethnoscience-based learning, and 3) Recommendations for future ethnoscience research in physics learning. In this research, the descriptive method is applied with a bibliometric approach. Data was obtained through the Scopus and Google Scholar databases published in the period 2011-2020. The results showed that ethnoscience-based learning made a major contribution to science learning at the elementary to junior high school level and physics at the high school to university level. Ethnoscience can be integrated with learning innovations in schools and can also train/improve students' thinking skills. Ethnoscience also dominates the social sciences. The recommended research trends in the Scopus and Google Scholar databases are physics learning about ethno-stem, development of ethnoscience-based physics teaching materials, ethnoscience-based physics learning to train students' scientific literacy and problem-solving skills.


The emerging asymmetric ionic membranes consisting of two different porous membranes show great superiority in harvesting the clean and renewable osmotic energy. The main barriers constraining their applications are the incompatible interface and low interfacial ionic transport efficiency, detrimental to the long-term stability and improvement of power density. Here, the continuous gradient all-polysaccharide polyelectrolyte hydrogel membranes prepared by ultrafast reaction-diffusion method have been demonstrated to enable high-performance osmotic energy conversion. Besides of the inherent high ion conductivity and excellent ion selectivity, the anti-swelling gradient polyelectrolyte membranes reserve the ionic diode effect of the asymmetric membranes to facilitate one-way ion diffusion, but circumvent their adverse interfacial effect. In consequence, the gradient polyelectrolyte membrane-based generators can present ultrahigh power densities of 7.87 W/m 2 by mixing seawater and river water, far superior to the state-of-the-art membranes. The design strategy in this study can provide new insights in constructing high-performance membranes for osmotic energy collection.


Sealing and filling compositions for use in filling and/or sealing a root canals include a polymerizable material that shrinks when polymerized. The composition also includes a gas releasing component that at least partially offsets the shrinkage caused by polymerization of the polymerizable material. The gas releasing component offsets polymerization shrinkage by creating tiny gas bubbles in the polymeric material, which causes expansion. The gas releasing component can be an acid and a base such as citric acid and sodium bicarbonate, which when mixed give off carbon dioxide. The composition can also include a dispersing agent to disperse the gas bubbles throughout the composition. The polymerizable material is preferably a methacrylate.


Normal epithelial cells require a connection with the extracellular matrix (ECM) for proper function; loss of ECM attachment leads to metabolic impairment and programmed cell death known as anoikis. A hallmark of tumor cells is the ability to survive without ECM attachment, a property that enables rapid proliferation and metastasis. Understanding how this anchorage independence is achieved could likely lead to improved drug development, so in this Paper of the Week, Alexandra Grassian and colleagues examined anchorage independence in mammary epithelial cells. They found that loss of ECM attachment down-regulated both epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and 1 integrin expression and that ErbB2 (commonly amplified in breast tumors) could reverse these effects. Interestingly, the reversal of 1 was dependent on EGFR, but EGFR rescue did not require 1 integrin. ErbB2 rescue also induced increased expression of Sprouty2, a downstream target of Erk and a protein known to regulate EGFR protein stability. In another interesting observation, Grassian and colleagues found that EGFR and 1 integrin expression was more dependent on Erk/Sprouty2 in tumor-like cells (ECM-detached and expressing ErbB2) compared to normal, ECM-attached cells. These novel results detail the coordinated regulation of both a growth factor receptor and integrin receptor by the breast tumor-associated protein ErbB2, which reveals how this protein helps promote the early stages of metastasis by enabling the survival of cells outside of their niche.


Summary. Beta‐endorphin appears to be involved in the hormonal response to suckling in some animals. The peripheral secretory patterns of β‐endorphin, prolactin and cortisol were investigated in serial venous blood samples taken during suckling from eight healthy women who were breast‐feeding on the third or fourth day of the puerperium. Plasma levels of prolactin and β‐endorphin increased significantly during suckling reaching a peak after 20 min, levels of cortisol remained unaffected. It is suggested that the increased β‐endorphin derives from an extra‐hypophyseal source.


The victim statement is one of our country present Law of Criminal Procedure stipulation legal evidences,is the majority criminal case starter.It has the important guiding sense regarding the Judicial organ detection and the penalty criminal activity,moreover is also promotes our country legislative work and the evidence study development important link to its research,therefore consummates the examination which the victim stated to meet our country government by law construction basic requirement.However our country present regarding the examination which stated regarding the victim with other evidence compares is not very actually strict and comprehensive,often even more readily believed that the victim stated.Using attests to falsity of thought this science the thought method to state to the victim carries on the examination,may cause us better to clearly recognize the victim to state comprehensively,and to promotes our country victims to state system's development has the help.


If K is a class of models for the first order language if, we denote the set of all sentences of i f that are valid in K by &~K and call it the theory of K. The open theory VK consists of all quantifier free formulas of $£ whose universal closures are theorems of K. We let 3K stand for the existential theory ofK, that is, the set of quantifier free formulas whose existential closures belong to «̂ "K. The set of quantifier free formulas that are satisfiable in K will be denoted by K3. Thus, a quantifier free formula belongs to K3 if and only if its negation is not an open theorem of K. If K consists of a single structure then K3 = 3K. A structure 9ft is said to be compatible with K if 9J? is embeddable in a model of the theory &~K. The compatibility of 9ft with K is equivalent to the consistency of the diagram of 9ft with the theory of K as well as to each of the inclusions VK £ V90Z and 39ft £ K3. The decision problem for VK is what Tarski calls the open sentence problem for K. Macintyre [7] says that 'the equation problem for the class K is of degree a" if some effective Goedel numbering of if assigns a set of Turing degree d to K3. Indeed, if K consists of algebraic structures, the decision problem for K3 asks for an algorithm that uniformly tests all finite systems of equations and inequations for simultaneous solvability. Thirty-five years ago Tarski proved the undecidability of the theory of groups [10]. In the late fifties Cobham and Mal'cev established the undecidability of the theory of finite groups by different methods [2], [8]. The open sentence problem for the theory of groups has been known to be unsolvable for about twenty-five years, ever since Boone and Novikov independently proved the unsolvability of the word problem for groups, (cf. [1] for the history of that problem). For the theory of finite groups however the open sentence problem is still open. The purpose of this note is the reduction of the open sentence problem for the theory of finite groups to the equation problem for the group of permutations of the integers generated by a transposition and the successor function. Section 3 shows how the general compatibility criterion of Section 2 applies to that group and proves the coincidence of its open theory with the open theory of finite groups. The same result is obtained in Section 4 by different methods that seem more ad hoc. I have decided to present both methods because one appears of wide interest, in particular with existentially closed groups in view, while the other is intimately connected with a way of using finiteness conditions to solve word problems. As a corollary to the theorem of Section 3 a positive answer to a question of Macintyre's [7] is obtained in Section 5. There do exist finitely generated groups that have a recursively enumerable


The present invention relates to an anchoring yoke (1), particularly for an aircraft of the anchoring forks, the forks capable of cooperating with an anchoring anchoring grate of a platform (2), the anchoring jack comprises a fork (3), said jack including a cylinder (4 ), said cylinder comprising a movable piston (5), with the piston rod (6), the rod extends beyond the cylinder, the free end of said rod includes a hook prongs (7 grate ), said fork comprises a head holding finger (8,13,14), the holding fingers by the control means (9) moving between a retracted position and an active position. The present invention is characterized in that the jack is connected by a control means (31) to a pressurized fluid source (30), said bottle having a source of pressurized fluid (30) receiving the gas may be consumed.


We consider mathematical models describing the pseudo-education of robots and the emotions of robots arising as a result of continuous impact. The article investigates the hypothesis of possibility to decompose the total pseudo-education of robots into a sum of positive and negative components. We formulate and prove the theorem on the necessary and sufficient conditions to decompose the total positive pseudo-education of an unforgiving robot into the sum of positive pseudo-education and negative pseudo-education. We show that the considered hypothesis is not true for evenly-forgetful robots. The article describes ways to determine unforgiving and not unforgiving robots.


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to assess the validity and predictability of insights from the investment model (IM) in the context of strategic manufacturer–industrial supplier relationships. IM is a theoretical model in social psychology pertaining to interpersonal relationship discontinuity. This formal empirical test of IM in a different context supports vertical theory borrowing and minimizes the risk of committing atomistic fallacy.

Design/methodology/approach
Data collected from 256 sourcing professionals participating in a scenario-based role-playing experiment were analyzed via structural equation modeling. The authors also performed bootstrapping to assess indirect effects.

Findings
The IM is generally applicable to the context of interfirm relationship dissolution. Relative to the original context of interpersonal relationship dissolution, three nuances are detected: investment size as an antecedent has lowered prominence in influencing commitment; satisfaction level, quality of alternatives and investment size have non-orthogonal effects on commitment; and satisfaction level influences relationship continuity through and beyond commitment.

Research limitations/implications
The empirical findings broaden boundary conditions for IM insights. Beyond interpersonal relationship dissolution, the IM appears to also describe, explain and predict interfirm relationship dissolution.

Practical implications
Keeping the manufacturer satisfied is critical. Moreover, suppliers should be cautious when entering joint product development agreements.

Originality/value
This study appears to be among the first to formally validate the applicability of IM insights as they pertain to the dissolution of strategic manufacturer–industrial supplier relationships.


Field experiments were conducted to determine vegetable soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotype×environment interactions and to correlate the architectural traits and green pod yield and its components. Seventeen vegetable soybean genotypes from maturity groups IV, V, and VI were planted in a randomized complete block design, with three replications. The architectural traits, green pod yield, and its components were determined at R5, R6, and R7 growth stages. The stage of harvest was considered as main plot and genotype as sub-plot. Significant (P<0.05) harvesting stage effect was observed for the traits studied except for mainstem internode length


S ERIOUS outbreaks of staphylococcal sepsis in surgical wards are episodic and immediately draw attention to themselves; such epidemics apart, there is a persistent but far less dramatic undercurrent of sepsis which is part of the ordinary scene. 'Endemic' is an appropriate descriptive term for the latter variety, and is here intended to embrace all staphylococcal sepsis in ward patients not amounting to an epidemic, no matter whether acquired before or after admission to the wards. Following the terminological conventions of Williams and his colleagues (1 960), we have used the word 'sepsis' to indicate the pathological process provoked by infection, which itself only denotes multiplication of organisms in the tissues. This paper presents the results of 2 surveys, each lasting 1 year, made of the staphylococcal sepsis appearing in the 3 wards of a surgical unit. During neither period did sepsis reach epidemic proportions nor were any deaths attributable to staphylococci; our interest was to assess the existing endemic situation, particularly in view of the remark by Robertson (1959) that hospital sepsis has not been extensively documented and by Williams (1960) that few accurate records of hospital sepsis have been kept. The first survey ran from November 1959, through October 1960, and the second from November 1961, through October 1962. The 3 wards concerned occupied 1 floor of the surgical wing of the hospital, were open and radiated from a common concourse by short passages. The operating suite, offices and ancillary rooms communicated with the concourse or passages. Survey 1 was conceived as a simple record for each ward of the number of patients who had staphylococcal lesions during each of the 52 weeks-of the survey year. Following the suggestion of Elek and. Fleming (1960) that the inhalation of methicillin sprayed into the ward air might reduce cross-infection by interfering with nasal colonisation, Survey 2 was conducted in the same way as Survey 1 but with the addition of a methicillin spray in the ward in which staphylococcal sepsis was most prevalent during the first survey; the spray was introduced for 2 periods of 3 months to determine whether the prevailing sepsis rate could be lowered. Otherwise, conditions were the same for both surveys.


This paper presents a new perspective of national power—sustainable national power (SNP)—emphasizing both the traditional comprehensive national power (CNP) and social and environmental sustainability. We propose a measurement to quantify the SNP based on the measurement of comprehensive national power and a sustainable adjusted index. In addition, density-equalizing maps are adopted to visualize the sustainable national power of countries in order to gain a better understanding for its current state and future development from a cartographic perspective. China and its neighboring countries are selected as a case study area. The results show that China outperforms other countries in most of the CNP dimensions but performs poorly in various SNP-adjusted dimensions within the study area. The composite score shows that China is with the highest regional SNP, followed by Japan, Russia, South Korea and India. Furthermore, time series of cartograms reveal evidence showing power transitions among countries. In addition, the effectiveness of cartograms for cartographic communication is discussed.


Many studies have attempted to link multifidus (MF) fat infiltration with muscle quality and chronic low back pain (cLBP), but there is no consensus on these relationships.


This paper explores how the digital revolution has transformed the activism of participants in marriage equality rallies targeting the Supreme Court hearings for same-sex marriage. The internet and social media have become valuable as a source of information about movement-related issues, as a recruitment tool for offline activism, and as a venue for online activism, and cyberactivism is an increasingly prominent tactic in the repertoire used by social justice organizers (Carty and Onyett 2006; Gaby and Caren 2012). According to Van Laer (2010), protesters who obtain information about demonstrations online are more likely to be superactivists who are involved in multiple movements simultaneously, have past protest experience, have stronger movement-related grievances, have higher political interest, are younger, and are better educated. Much of the previous scholarship focuses on the internet (and not necessarily on social media), and either examines the internet as a protest information source or as a venue for activism. This paper suggests that the internet and social media both need to be examined as a protest information source and as a venue for activism and thus investigates how using the internet or social media as a protest information source influences the odds that protesters have engaged in cyberactivism using the internet or social media in the past year. Other factors that will be examined include the demonstrators' involvement in past protests concerning LGBTQIA rights or marriage equality, attitudes about same-sex marriage, identifying as LGBTQIA or having contact with LGBTQIA family or friends, sense of protest efficacy, political interest, partisanship, age, and education. The paper analyzes data from 516 surveys (385 on-site and 131 online) of participants in March 2013 marriage equality rallies targeting the U.S. Supreme Court hearings regarding the Defense of Marriage Act and Proposition 8. Participants in the marriage equality rallies were indeed highly engaged in political activism, and over half the participants are involved in activism using social media or the internet. Social media was the most important source of information concerning the protest. Regression analysis of marriage equality protesters' cyberactivism will be used to explore the impact of various causal factors on the odds that protesters have used the internet or social media for activism in the past year.


MGRO J1908+06 is a bright, extended TeV gamma-ray source loc ated near the Galactic plane. The TeV emission has previously been attributed to the pulsa r wind nebula of the radio-faint gamma-ray pulsar PSR J1907+0602 discovered with Fermi. However, studies of the TeV morphology with VERITAS have shown that MGRO J1908+06 is somewh at larger than other pulsar wind nebulae of similar age and that the TeV spectrum does not often with distance from the pulsar as is observed for other pulsar wind nebulae. Althoug MGRO J1908+06 is very bright in gamma rays with a flux corresponding to ∼80% of the Crab Nebula flux at 20 TeV, no extended emission at other energies has so far been detected. W e report on our analysis of X-ray data obtained withXMM-Newtonof the region near MGRO J1908+06. We searched the data for point-like sources and detected several hard-spectrum X-ray sources that could be associated with the TeV emission, including the gamma-ray pulsar PSR J1 907+0602. We also performed an extended source analysis to search for diffuse emission f rom MGRO J1908+06 but found no evidence of diffuse X-ray emission coincident with the TeV s ource. We place an upper limit of 8.7×1033 erg s−1 on the X-ray luminosity of MGRO J1908+06 in the 1–10 keV energ y range. The corresponding limit on the ratio of gamma-ray to X-ray lu minosity is consistent with the ratios found for other pulsar wind nebulae of similar age.


:- This study is carried out to determine whether the determining factors for financial distress really do matter significantly to these financial difficulties. Independent variables in this study are leverage, firm size, tangible and intangible assets, Tobins' Q, liquid assets, and change in investment policy. This study gathered data from 17 companies in the basic industry and chemicals listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 6 years (2015-2020) by using multiple regression models to test it. The findings in this study indicate that the size of the company, Tobins' Q, tangible and intangible assets, and changes in investment policy have no significant effect on financial distress. While leverage and liquidity assets have a significant negative effect on financial distress. The results of this study are expected to provide advice and recommendations to companies in managing their company's finances and establishing good investment policies so that the company's finances remain stable also maintain the level of leverage doesn't increase so that the company does't experience financial distress. When a decrease in the level of the company's liquidity position will increase financial difficulties, the company is not in a position to commit when it matures. Companies with low leverage will have a tendency to protect all shareholders so as not to cause financial difficulties. That's when investors can invest in companies in these conditions and the results can provide an early signal as a sign to managers.


1. Introduction. — This paper consists of two related parts. In the first part the theory of D-finite power series in several variables and the theory of symmetric functions are used to prove P-recursiveness for regular graphs and digraphs and related objects, that is, that their counting sequences satisfy linear homogeneous recurrences with polynomial coefficients. Previously this has been accomplished only for small degrees. See, for example, GOULDEN, JACKSON, and REILLY [7], GOULDEN and JACKSON [6], and READ [16, 18]. These authors found the recurrences satisfied by the sequences in question. Although the methods used here are in principle constructive, we are concerned here only with the question of existence of these recurrences and we do not find them. In the second part we consider a generalization of symmetric functions in several sets of variables, first studied by MACMAHON [13 ; 14, Vol. 2, pp. 280–326]. MacMahon's generalized symmetric functions can be used to find explicit formulas and prove P-recursiveness for some objects to which the theory of ordinary symmetric functions does not apply, such as Latin rectangles and 0-1 matrices with zeros on the diagonal and given row and column sums.


58 bradyrhizobial strains isolated from the root nodules of peanut in the various regions of Shandong province were used to study the NaCl tolerance and drought tolerance.The results show that there are some peanut rhizobia with superior tolerance to NaCl and drought,but their endurance abilities differ greatly and there are no necessary relation between NaCl-tolerance abilities and drought-tolerance abilities.They had a diverse nature in their NaCl-tolerance and drought-tolerance.


AIM: Pervious studies had shown that tamoxifen altered the QT intervals of patients in clinics,but its ionic mechanism is not clear.The present study was to investigate the effects of tamoxifen on ultra-rapid delayed rectifier K~(+) curent(I_(Kur)) in human atrial myocytes.METHODS: Single human atrial myocytes were obtained enzymetically and I_(Kur) was recorded with whole-cell patch-clamp techniques.RESULTS: The single human atrial cardiomyocytes with clear striation were obtained by the present methods,I_(Kur) was inhibited by tamoxifen(1-30 μmol/L) dose-dependently and reversibly.(CONCLUSION): Tamoxifen exerts inhibitory effect on I_(Kur)in human atrial myocytes.


The ability to use English past perfect tense in different functions such as setting a background information, or explaining cause-effect relationship is an important aspect of language use. This research paper focuses on the different functions of past perfect tense in academic writing and speaking. The Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) was used for an analysis of the functional patterns of past perfect tense in different functions. A combination of both quantitative and qualitative research techniques was used during the research. Based on the corpus data, the top two patterns of past perfect tense have been mainly used – to set background information, and to provide reason/cause. The function of providing (or setting) the background information is further analyzed into seven sub-functions. It is hoped that the corpus findings can be applied in language teaching so that language learners can discover language rules based on corpus data.


The invention discloses a novel anti-skidding rubber glove which comprises a glove body. Anti-skidding particles are arranged on the outer surface of the glove body and are rectangular components, and inwards-concave grooves are formed in the upper surfaces of the anti-skidding particles. As the anti-skidding particles are arranged on the outer surface of the glove body, the anti-skidding effect of the glove is improved. In addition, the novel anti-skidding rubber glove is simple in structure and convenient to manufacture, the quality of the glove cannot be damaged when the glove is manufactured, influences on use of the glove due to the fact that the glove is damaged are accordingly avoided, and the finished product rate of the glove is improved.


OBJECTIVE:To describe the occurrence and management of severe choreoathetosis secondary to herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) infection and associated anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis.
BACKGROUND:Anti-NMDAR encephalitis was first described in 2007 as a potentially reversible immune-mediated paraneoplastic disorder in adults. The pediatric population differs from adults in both clinical features and lack of association with malignancy. Clinically, behavioral changes, dyskinesias, seizures, memory deficits, language difficulties, and autonomic dysregulation are prominent. Treatment involves intensive supportive care and immunotherapy. Movement disorders appear early, leading to severe patient and family distress, functional disability, and pose a serious management dilemma.
DESIGN/METHODS:A 6-month-old previously healthy girl presented with fever and diarrhea, followed by partial seizures that prompted extensive workup and subsequent treatment for proven HSV-1 encephalitis. One month after initial presentation, and one week after successful discharge from our facility, she developed irritability, insomnia, altered level of consciousness, dysautonomia, orolingual and facial choreodystonic movements, abnormal spontaneous vocalizations, and generalized choreoathetoid movements of her trunk and limbs.
RESULTS:Cerebrospinal fluid and serum analysis confirmed the presence of anti-NMDAR antibodies. Her severe, continuous and distressful dyskinesias prevented sleep and feeding. Symptomatic management of her abnormal movements required titrated doses of clobazam, valproate, and tetrabenazine. Additionally, immunotherapy management included intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone, followed by rituximab and cyclophosphamide. At six-month follow-up, her abnormal movements have completely resolved.
CONCLUSIONS:Generalized choreodystonic/choreoathetoid movements have been described in the literature in cases of relapsed herpes simplex encephalitis. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is emerging as a common and potentially treatable autoimmune condition in the pediatric population sporadically seen after HSV-1 infection. Abnormal hyperkinetic movements present early and prominently in anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
Study Supported by: Disclosure: Dr. Yushvayev-Cavalier has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nichter has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ramirez Zamora has nothing to disclose.


Abstract  A new experimental calibration was undertaken in this study to get a more reliable sphalerite‐galena sulfur isotope geothermometer. The experimental conditions selected in study were very similar to those of natural hydrothermal solution. The high‐precision SF6 method was used in sulfur isotope analyses. The obtained calibration curve for sulfur isotope fractionation between sphalerite and galena can be expressed with the equation 10001nαSp‐Gn = 0.74times106T−2+0.08.


The modern global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) signals, such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) L5 and L1C, and Galileo E5 and E1, have brought several innovations: the introduction of a pilot channel that does not contain any data to allow very long coherent integrations; the introduction of a secondary code to offer better cross-correlations, to facilitate the synchronization with the data, and to help interference mitigation; the introduction of new modulations to reduce the impact of multipath; and the use of higher chipping rates to have better accuracy and interference mitigation.


Objective: To describe the effects of a management protocol for the peripheral insertion of central catheters in newborns, specifically the frequency of infection, phlebitis, coagulation alterations and catheter-related mechanical complications at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at the Bolivariana University Clinic. ANO 8 VOL. 8 No 2 CHIA, COLOMBIA OCTUBRE 2008 257-265 258 ANO 8 VOL. 8 No 2 CHIA, COLOMBIA OCTUBRE 2008 257-265 AQUICHAN ISSN 1657-5997 Method: This is a quantitative study of a descriptive nature. Fifty (50) newborns were selected through non-probability sampling. Neonates with catheters inserted in other neonatal units and with a body weight less than 800 g were excluded for reasons associated with minimal manipulation, as were neonates with blood coagulation alterations, and those that received heparin by other means. The catheters were inserted at any gestational age, in neonates with a body weight of more than 800 grams, and 24 hours after birth. The study used a form that was applied by the researchers and by the nurses in the unit. Epi-info 2005 was employed to analyze the data. Results: The main reason for removal of the catheter was termination of treatment (70%). Other motives, in order of importance, were the appearance of phlebitis (8%) and suspicious infection (6%). The proportion of catheter obstruction was 4%. The central catheter points came to 68%, and the non-central points, 32%. The partial thromboplastin time test, after a heparin infusion of 0.5 IU/ml/h, was 94% normal. Conclusion: The usual protocol will have to be updated and changes made with respect to directions for insertion and how often x-rays should be taken, in addition to emphasizing the importance of nursing care to prevent complications such as infection, phlebitis, obstruction and displacement.


The inverse kinematics thick target scattering method (TTIK) was used to measure the 8Li resonant elastic scattering on a 4He target in order to investigate 8Li-α cluster configurations in excited states of 12B. A 8Li beam at Ebeam = 30.6 MeV, provided by the radioactive beam facility EXCYT of LNS in Catania, while passing through a thick Helium target decreases continuously its energy. Thus, elastic scattering can be induced starting from the initial beam energy down to zero. Time of flight measurement between beam particles passing through a MCP detector and α-particles impinging on the ΔE stage of a Si telescope detector allows the discrimination of elastic scattering from nuclear reaction events, thus representing an improvement of the TTIK method. In this paper the used experimental technique and preliminary results will be described.


ABSTRACT The Arizona Health Information Network (AZHIN) needed a single username and password system to provide access to its resources. The existing vendor-based password system was cumbersome for users, administratively difficult to manage, and provided less than adequate resource security. AZHIN elected to use the Athens authentication system. This article describes the features of Athens and how AZHIN used it to implement a single sign-on system.


Some hydric soils present a unique set of problems associated with their identification, including morphological features not reflective of current hydrology and/or masked redoximorphic features. A simple, reliable tool to identify reduced soil environments is IRIS (Indicator of Reduction in Soil) tubes and panels. In saturated, anaerobic soils with substantial sulfur (S) contents, a commonly observed phenomenon is the reduction of S to form black iron monosulfides (FeS). The objective of this experiment was to document S reduction on polyvinylchloride surfaces coated with synthesized iron (Fe) oxides to simplify the identification of hydric soils wetlands containing moderate to high S concentrations. The IRIS panels were installed in soil mesocosms containing varying concentrations of sulfate and saturated for 11 wk. Oxidation–reduction potential and pH were measured weekly throughout the study. At the termination of the experiment, the IRIS panels were removed and analyzed quantitatively for percentage of oxidized iron (Fe³⁺) remaining, reduced iron (Fe²⁺) removed, and reduced S (FeS) precipitated onto the panel. When IRIS panels displayed 2% FeS precipitate, 77% of the panels met the National Technical Committee for Hydric Soil criteria using reduced Fe removal from IRIS panels, and 100% of the panels met the criteria established using measured oxidation–reduction potential. The strong visual observation of FeS is a simple, quick determination of highly reduced conditions. Wetlands are a valuable natural resource that can be challenging to delineate, and the incorporation of a visual S reduction criteria on IRIS surfaces is beneficial for the timely and accurate identification of hydric soils.


The implementation of most network daemons gives little consideration to the implications of worldwide access. In some cases, such access can permit the worldwide distribution of sensitive information, such as encrypted passwords. In other cases, local changes can be effected by processes running anywhere on the network. Under SunOS and in view of these arising problems, two safety measures were carried out: One is to authenticate and cryptograph by one time password on firewall. Another is to find a way to wrap protection around the server. These measures is implemented easily, and they can strengthen the security of networks.


A Reduced Graphene oxide, Polyaniline protected Red uced Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene oxidePolyaniline / Nafion modified glassy carbon (RGO-PA NI / Nf / GCE) electrode was prepared and character ized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD and FESEM with EDX Spectrum. The Reduced Graphene oxide-Polyaniline / Nafion (RGOPANI/Nf) composite for chromium (VI) electrochemica l sensing is described. The electrochemical behavio ur of Cr (VI) at the Reduced Graphene oxide-Polyaniline / Na fion composite modified glassy carbon electrode (GC E) was investigated by differential pulse voltammetric met hod. The results showed that the incorporation of p lyaniline with graphene significantly enhanced the electroche mical reactivity and voltammetric response of Cr (V I). In addition, Nafion acts as an effective solubilizing a ent and antifouling coating in the fabrication of the modified electrode. This electrochemical sensor exhibits exc ellent analytical performance for Cr (VI) detection at physiological pH with detection limit of 2.1×10−7 M , linear range of 1–100_M and reproducibility of 3. 6% relative standard deviation.


The unique contributions of cinefluorography to bronchography in elucidating important physiologic processes are illustrated and discussed within the framework of a practical simple classification of ventilatory dysfunctions of respiration. Cinefluorography has been found especially dependable in the assessment of local, regional or general ventilatory adequacy, and in the recognition, appraisal, and interpretation of several typical tracheobronchial deformities, most of which remain unrecognized or undifferentiable by conventional studies.Among these lesions, attention is called specifically to the phenomenon of tracheoor bronchomalacia, or expiratory buckling of diseased portions of trachea or bronchi. This entity, most often the result of chronic bronchitis although other types occur, appears to be crucial in the pathogenesis of many cases of obstructive emphysema and bronchiectasis. It can only be observed in vivo during active expiration or cough.


Aristolochia longa L. (Aristolochiaceae) is widely used to treat breast cancer in Algerian traditional medicine. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of ingestion of aqueous extracts of different parts of the plant on liver and kidney functions in wistar albinos mice. Acute oral toxicity was performed to determine DL50, this toxicity was carried out by the oral administration in single doses of 0–12 g/kg for tubers aqueous extracts and 2 g/kg and 5 g/kg for aerial and fruit aqueous extract respectively. General behavior, adverse effects and mortality were determined for up to 14 days. The animals were sacrificed and biochemical study was done. The acute oral toxicity result revealed that LD50 of the tubers and fruit aqueous extracts was respectively more than 12 g/kg and 5 g/kg, but DL50 of the aerial aqueous extract was at 5 g/kg. The result revealed also that liver and kidney function of different groups receiving high doses was affected as ASAT, ALAT, Urea, creatinine was significantly increased as compared to control group. Histological examination showed alterations of the renal parenchyma and the liver which is greater in animals treated with high dose. Thus, caution should be exercised with its usage.


The megamusical and industrial transformation The economic engine, geographical site, theatrical community and larger social imaginary known as Broadway is currently being transformed. The same matrix of social, material and ideal constellations we call the West End is also undergoing a slower if similar transfiguration. In both instances, this transfiguration is indicative of live theatre's very own industrial revolution which, in the late twentieth century, is necessarily transnational in both scope and structure. Though it is somewhat overdue in historical terms, significant portions of the commercial theatre in English speaking countries and elsewhere are now playing a frantic game of catch-up, deploying mass production models which are virtually unprecedented in the history of live theatrical production. We are witnessing a phenomenon that can only be described as the global-industrialisation of the musical theatre.


We investigate the properties of coherent exciton states in GaAs/${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As quantum wells using the four-wave-mixing technique with subpicosecond time resolution. In the first part of this work, we show that many-body interactions in a solid manifest themselves in a line shape of the four-wave-mixing signal that is substantially different from the predictions of the generally used simple two-level model. In particular, the coherent interaction of the quasiparticles leads to a signal at negative delay times, in agreement with recent theoretical predictions. In the second part, we report in detail about experiments where energetically close exciton transitions are excited coherently with a short laser pulse. The quantum or polarization interference leads to the observation of quantum beats in the decay of the diffracted signal. These results demonstrate that quantum-beat spectroscopy can be applied to study intrinsic excitations in solids.


This article was downloaded by: [Mitchell, Richard C.]On: 21 January 2010Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 918774280]Publisher RoutledgeInforma Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK


Basic physical discoveries have in most cases led to useful applications some decades later. Apart from optical methods making a direct measurement of the kinematic quantity of acceleration possible, the most fundamental physical principle is Newton's second law (1687) relating acceleration to force via a constant of proportionality: The inertial mass. For measurement of vibration the single degree of freedom system consisting of a mass suspended by a spring plays a crucial role, together with additional physical mechanisms converting (i.e. transducing) the relative motion or force into a directly measurable (mostly electrical) signal. The most important discoveries for vibration measurements are capacitance (Leyden jar 1745), induction (1819 H.C. Oersted), strain-gauge (1856 Lord Kelvin), piezoelectricity (1880 P. & J. Curie), semiconductor components (transistor 1948 W.B.Shockley), piezoresistivity of semiconductors (1954 C.S.Smith) and electron tunnelling (1983 Binnig). In parallel to the basic physical principles the technologies have advanced with high speed. In the period 1920 to 1940 vibration measurements started using inductive, capacitive, strain-gauge and piezoelectric principles. An early accelerometer using a Rochelle salt plate in bending mode was designed by P.V. Bruel in 1943, and manufactured by Bruel & Kjaer afterwards. The lead titanate zirconate family of piezoelectric materials were found in the forties, and accelerometers using these materials were marketed in the fifties. Construction and material refinements have made these transducers the most widely used general purpose transducers over the last three decades and still today. The semiconductor strain-gauges or piezoresistive elements came into use as replacements for the classic metal strain-gauges in the last half of the fifties and one of the first micromechanical constructions was a pressure sensor using a silicon diaphragm with diffused resistors. Since then thousands of papers have been published on what today is called micromechanical sensors, mostly based on silicon as material. One of the first micromechanical accelerometers was also based on piezoresistivity and a bending beam. This was published by Roylance and Angell in 1979(1) and many similar constructions have been investigated in the meantime. Through the eighties detection and construction principles were proposed and investigated, but the number of commercially available sensors is still very small. Most of these are piezoresistive or capacitive. The main reason for the small number of commercially available sensors is the very fragmented nature of the market A large number of small companies are making a huge variety of transducers specialised for each their application. To make micromachined sensors require large investments which can only be paid back if the number of transducers sold is sufficiently large or the prices can be put at a very high level. Therefore the trend has been transducers for the automotive market, e.g. airbag sensors where the potentially low cost batch fabrication can be exploited, and transducers for very specialised applications, e.g. microgravity measurements where price is unimportant. To understand the new challenges for the designer of accelerometers it is important to know what happens to various parameters when dimensions are scaled.


In order to investigate the extent and degree of heavy metal pollution affected by mining activities of the Sangdong abandoned mine, sampling of stream waters has been undertaken up to 20 ㎞ downstream from the mine at 0.5 ㎞-1.0 ㎞ intervals. Water samples were analyzed using ICP-ASE for Cu, Mn, Al, Fe and Zn. Physical and chemical properties of the samples (pH, DO, COD, conductivity, SO₄ 2- , etc.) were also determined. Acidity and conductivity were very high in mine wastewater site. Heavy metals were in the ranges of Fe 16.0-5757.0 ㎎ L -1 , Mn 3.0-3061.0 ㎎ L -1 , Al 1.0-81.0 ㎎ L -1 , Cu 24.0-8,034.0 ㎍ L -1 , and Zn 282.0-64,045.0 ㎍ L-1. The pH values of water samples ranged from 3.0 to 8.0, the DO levels were in the range of 4.1-9.2 ㎎ L -1 , and the conductivities were in the range of 38.1-1,698 μS ㎝ -1 . For the most part of stream waters, heavy metal concentration was very high in abandoned coal mine discharged water. Water quality in the Okdong stream has been mainly polluted by mining activities. Heavy metal concentration of the acid coal mine drainage in the average of 2 times higher for Cd and Cu and 1000 times higher for Fe than that of the mine wastewater. As a result of Acid Mine Drainage Index (AMDI) evaluation, the coal mine waste water showed the lowest acid mine drainage value indicating the worst acid mine drainage quality.


Money can be recognized as a technological development comparable to the wheel and ofsimilar antiquity. Among the more recent developments in the technology that facilitatestransfers of utility (in the sense of game theory) are systems like those of EZ Pass, by means ofwhich vehicles traversing toll bridges or toll highways can pay their toll fees without stoppingfor the attention of human personnel manning the toll booths. In this lecture, I present remarksabout the history of monetary systems and about issues of comparative quality or merit, alongwith a specific proposal about how a system or systems of "ideal money†might be establishedand employed. In addition, I criticize the Keynesian psychology in relation to the history of theinfluence of Keynesians on the practical characteristics of national currencies.