The performance of membrane humidifier (MH) and enthalpy wheel humidifier (EWH) for a large power proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system is compared using simulations and experiments. The MH model is based on one dimensional diffusion equation and the EWH model is based on the porous media surface diffusion equation. Simulation results agree well with experimental data. According to the results, the effect of intake air temperature has a lower effect on the MH performance than it does on the EWH performance while the air mass flow has a much higher effect on the MH performance than it does on the EWH performance. MH performs better than EWH at a low flow rate but worse at a high flow rate. Vapor transfer mechanism in the humidifiers is also studied.


Objective To explore the clinical effect of broken liver due to blunt shut abdominal injury.Method Fourty-three cases with broken liver due to blunt shut abdominal injury were reviewed.Nine cases were provided conservative treatment and other 34 were offered surgical treatment.Results Nine 9 were cured in conservative treatment and 4 were transfored for surgery in 34 of surgical operation group,and total 41 patients were cured and 2 were died in surgery group because of uncontrolled bleeding during operation and brain injury after operation.Five cases showed postoperative complications as 1 case of bile fistula,1 of subphrenic abscess,1 of stress ulcer,1 of lung infection,and 1 of emobilia,and all were cured.Conclusion The diagnostic belly cavity stab,B ultrasonic and CT exam are the important diagnosis meaning for liver broke due to blunt shut abdominal injury.Therapeutic methods are taken depending on the vital signs and degree of injury.Conservative treatment in theⅠ-Ⅱclass injury is based on tight observation of blood dynamics stability and the basic effective treatments.Methods of operation are based on liver damages,effective hemostasis and sufficient drainages.


This paper deals with the theory underlying the flotation process which is important in the separation of ores. Attention is called to a theory of adsorption and surface tension which greatly aids understanding of flotation phenomena, and which therefore should prove useful in the understanding of flotation. The author adopts the view that condensation, crystallization, surface tension, adsorption, etc., are manifestations of forces of the same kind as those involved in the formation of chemical compounds, and explains flotation by reference to these forces. In a second section of the article a series of experiments with oil films on various surfaces is described. A brief section at the ends returns to the theory of flotation, referring to the implications of his theoretical discussion and experimental results to the formation of froth, the oiling of the solid, and the contact angle of solid particles.


We describe a new, rapid method for determining the concentration of vanadyl porphyrins (VO –P) associated with the kerogen of bituminous sedimentary rocks using electron spin resonance (ESR). The method is simple, straightforward and inexpensive. Several concentrations of a vanadyl (VO ) standard dissolved in glycerol–lignite mixture were prepared. The VO 21 concentrations ranged from 100 to 1000 ppm. The anisotropic ESR spectra of both the standards and kerogen samples were recorded at room temperature and the integrated areas of the pre-selected ESR line (attributed to nuclear spin mI ˆ 25=2†were computed. The concentrations of VO 21 found in the kerogen samples were calculated using the relative ratio of the integrated areas for the standards and the kerogen samples. The VO –P concentrations of the kerogen materials were then calculated using 450 as the mean molecular weight of these species. Quantitative determination of VO–P in the kerogen fractions in the range of 800–8000 ppm and higher is feasible by the method reported. The method of analysis was also extended to the asphaltene samples (enriched with VO –P) and a coal sample containing non-porphyrin VO 21 associated with its organic fraction. q 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


In order to develop a framework of Interaction Design Teaching Method, we have conducted a series of workshops between 2007 and 2011. As mentioned in our previous work [1], so far we have summarized three common problems in interaction design workshops, i.e.: (1) The difference of educational or professional backgrounds within our participants; (2) The participants were not efficient enough during brainstorming and developing their ideas; (3) The participants spend too much time on discussion and keep changing their ideas. To solve this problem, we have developed a solution, i.e. providing a brainstorming tool to assist our participant. Furthermore, we have applied our proposed solution in our latest workshop which was conducted in Beijing, May 31st ?June 3rd 2011. Based on our finding, our proposed solution was quite effective. Our workshop participants only find little difficulties when designing their own original works. The workshop was successful and resulted some excellent works.


Objective To analyze the long-term efficacy of a half months intensive insulin treatment in or oral hypoglycemic drug treatment in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.Methods 60 cases of primary patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into two groups,observation group of 30 patients using continuous insulin infusion insulin pump and the control group of 30 cases of oral hypoglycemic drug treatment,the two methods before and after treatment compared fasting plasma glucose,fasting plasma postprandial insulin levels and blood glucose,postprandial plasma insulin levels,and other indicators,and the results were analyzed.Results Observer Group for glycemic control standard time(1.2±0.3)weeks,the control group(7.8±0.6)weeks,the Observer Group in the use of insulin pump therapy two weeks after the withdrawal,continuous observation of 58 weeks,blood glucose long-term stability standards,its index of insulin resistance increased significantly(P0.05),the control group hypoglycemic medication use standard 12 weeks after withdrawal,the goal can not be achieved glycemic control(not stopping).Conclusion The primary patients with type 2 diabetes,particularly in the mainly increased postprandial glucose,a half months intensive insulin treatment,islet cells can restore the function of the type 2 diabetes in the early natural course of disease,through diet and exercise alone control,Get a good long-term glycemic control.This method can be used as the treatment of type 2 diabetes in early treatment of the feasibility of the program.


The infection dynamics of cassava mosaic geminiviruses was determined in Nicotiana benthamiana. Following inoculation, symptoms were observed at 5 and 10 dpi for African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV-CM) and the Kenyan strain K201 of East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV KE2 [K201]). Northern and Southern blots indicated higher accumulation of ACMV-CM at 10 dpi compared with EACMV KE2 (K201) correlating with more severe symptoms at this time point. However, unlike for EACMV KE2 (K201), symptom remission characterized by appearance of non-asymptomatic leaves was observed after 20 dpi in plants infected with ACMV-CM. Deep sequencing identified between 969,015 and 1,307,689 total reads of which >80% mapped to the host genome. For both virus species, 22 nt virus derived sRNAs (vsRNAs) reads were the most abundant (34% - 53%) followed by 21 nt (27% - 27%) and 24 nt (9 – 23%) vsRNA reads. EACMV KE2 (K201) vsRNAs were proportionally higher (12.31% and 4.51%) than those derived from ACMV-CM (5.70% and 0.45%) for DNA A and DNA B respectively. vsRNAs were covered the entire virus genome with dense accumulation at regions where the viral ORFs overlapped. Key words; RNA interference, Cassava mosaic disease, Geminiviruses DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/10-8-06 Publication date: April 30 th 2020


Objective To explore the relationship between hs-CRP and short-term prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods Consecutively collecting 252 acute cerebral infarction patients during April,2012 to October,2013 in the second nerval medical department ward of Hebei United University Hospital. All the patients were divided into four groups by quartile method according to the serum hs-CRP levels,Unadjusted and multiple adjusted logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between hs-CRP and short-term prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Results Multivariate logistic regression( adjusted for hypertension,drinking,infarction position,complication,dyslipidemia,NIHSS score,age.) showed that: the OR value and 95% CI was higher in hs-CRP level ≥3. 41 mg / L group[4. 22( 1. 09 ~16. 615) ]than in hs-CRP level ≤0. 30 mg / L group. Conclusion Elevated hs-CRP level is risk factor for early poor prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke.


The present study was carried out during the years 2008–09 and 2009–10 on farmer's field in Solapur district of Maharashtra. Ten test plots were chosen from five villages @ one acre/plot/farmer. The results showed that the tank silt application (treated plots) made a clear impact on yield enhancement of 8.1 q ha−1, an increase of 158% in per ha net returns accrued and improvement in moisture use efficiency of 2.05 kg grain ha−1 mm−1 over untreated plots in 2008–09. In 2009–10, the effect of tank silt application with ridges & furrows system on these three parameters was correspondingly 5.8 q ha−1, 118% and 2.1 kg ha−1 mm−1 while it was 5.5 q ha−1, 170% and 2.0 kg ha−1 mm−1 without ridges and furrows system, respectively. Tank silt application improved the available water content in the soil from 9.2 to11%, organic carbon from 0.30 to 0.38%, available P2O5 from 36.6 to 38.7 kg ha−1 and available K2O from 232.6 to 283.4 kg ha−1.


Introduction This analysis continues on [!], where for any practical, terminating programt a set of single entry and exit control structures is built on the program. Additional data structures detail control flow within each structure. The program is represented by a two-dimensional ragged array of instructions. The last instruction of each row is either a jump or a label definition° The other instructions of a row are unconditional.


This workshop is intended for faculty and supporting staff at universities and community and technical colleges who are interested in obtaining support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) for curricular and programmatic initiatives but who are unfamiliar with current funding opportunities and/or lack grant-writing experience. The workshop will provide an overview of the programs in NSF's Directorate for Education & Human Resources that focus on undergraduate education and cover the basic elements of a good proposal and strategies that can be used to effectively formulate and communicate ideas to reviewers and NSF program officers. Also discussed will be the mechanics of submitting a proposal, the review process from submission to award or decline, merit review criteria, and how to volunteer to become a reviewer.


The subject of this research is the evolution of the structure of judicial system of the Russian Federation in the late XX – early XXI centuries. Description is given to the changes undergone by the Russian judicial system after dissolution of the Soviet Union. The author follows the dynamics of the normative legal changes that regulate judicial proceedings, as well as reveals the institutional framework of the modern structure of judicial system of the Russian Federation. The article illustrates the institutional and normative changes within the structure of judicial system of the Russian Federation in the late XX – early XXI centuries based on application of the comparative-legal and systemic methods of research. The novelty and the main conclusions lie in the following: it is established that the Russian Federation has issued the normative legal acts that contribute to the strengthening and unification of the Russian judicial system, uniformity of social guarantees and compensations set for judges. Currently, the judicial system of the Russian Federation is founded on the principle of combining administrative-territorial and district organization. It is determined that the judicial system of the Russian Federation consists of 1) the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation; 2) the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation; 3) federal courts of general jurisdiction; 4) arbitration courts; 5) magistrates' courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. It is noted that since January 1, 2023, the Constitutional (statutory) courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation will be abolished.


The authors studied the results of treatment of the patients who underwent nephrolitholapaxy under only ultrasonic guidance, as well as dependence of complications occurrence on the patients age, duration of surgical interference, recentness of the disease, level of creatinine prior to surgery, body mass index of the patients, number of surgery stages and level of hemoglobin reduction during postoperative period. The study showed good results of complete stones elimination and low frequency of complications occurrence compatible with the data of the world literature. Occurrence of st atistically significant dependence of nephrolitholapaxy complication occurrence on the duration of surgical interference and the number of surgery stages is showed only under ultrasonic guidance.


: The article emphasizes the importance of the language of ecology in teaching English as a second language (L2) to public relations (PR) undergraduates. The research is aimed at making L2 PR undergraduates be aware of the necessity to protect the environment by means of reading specialized literature with a special focus on the language specifying issues of ecological ethics. Linguodidactics sees the educational ecosystem as one of its major trends of future development, as the undergraduates are not only to master single as such, but take them as a system pertaining to a human existence in the benevolent and harmonious world. Environmental conservation deals with sustainability, a subject to be taught through special vocabulary and professionally oriented texts. The methods employed in the present research include analysis and synthesis enabling the process of categorization and systematization. Theoretical achievements of linguodidactics in L2 professional education provide for the necessity to develop emotional competences, emotional intelligence, empathy, sympathy and sensitivity to the surrounding world. The research has shown that specially selected professionally oriented language units help the formation of a certain vision of the ecological situation in the modern world through the professionally oriented PR discourse. Ecological ethics for future PR experts becomes intrinsic for the development of their professional competences. Through the professional PR language, it is possible to establish an ecological aesthetic system aimed at promoting sustainable development regarding the environmental protection.


| Poultry farming in South-East Asia has been rapidly progressing to meet the demands of population growth and reducing malnutrition. However, the diseases and the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in poultry threaten the industry posing public health risks. A clinico-epidemiological study was therefore conducted at the District Veterinary Hospital, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh during October-November 2019 to determine the overall disease prevalence, prescription patterns, and disease associated factors in different bird types. Data were obtained through interviews and inspections and then stored in MS Excel 2010. Data were coded, recorded, and checked for consistency before exporting to STATA-13 software for statistical analysis. ArcGIS Desktop Version 10.4.1 was used to produce a map showing geographical case distribution. In total, 552 cases (182 exotic broilers, 118 Sonali, and 252 exotic layers) were included during the study period. Visceral gout (42.4%), coccidiosis (49.2%), and colibacillosis (24.2%) were the most frequent disease in broiler, Sonali, and layers, respectively. The study also showed the single application of watch group antibiotics was the highest in broilers (88.3%), followed by Sonali (67.4%) and layers (56.5%). Doxycycline (72.7%) was the most common antibiotic for treating visceral gout in broilers, whereas ciprofloxacin was highly used in Sonali for infectious bursal disease (84.4%), and coccidiosis (58.6%) respectively, and tiamulin (6.4%) for salmonellosis in layers. This disease prevalence suggests poor farm hygiene and bio-security in the study areas. Special care should be taken around younger chickens' as visceral gout and infectious bursal disease were the most common. Antibiotics should be used more judiciously to curb the growing multidrug resistance pattern among zoonotic bacteria.


In this paper, we propose a novel metric for image quality assessment based on the ratio of Non-shift Edge (rNSE), whose elegance lies in succinctness and effectiveness. In this metric, an image is filtered by the LOG operator, who acts like the classical receptive field, and the edge points are detected as the zero-crossings of the filtered image. Then the binary Non-shift Edge (NSE) map is derived to represent the strong edge structure remained in the distorted image. The perceptual quality is calculated by the ratio of NSE. The performance of rNSE in the scale-threshold plane shows similar frequency and threshold selectivity. Comparing with the existing well-designed metrics, the proposed rNSE performs equivalently in accuracy and consistency.


We present new, high‐resolution constraints on crustal and uppermost mantle structure of the southeastern, eastern, and northeastern Tibetan plateau and adjacent regions by combining extensive data from three regional‐scale dense seismic arrays. Our results show significant differences in the crustal and uppermost mantle structure within the Songpan‐Ganzi terrane. The southern part has a thick crust and high Poisson's ratio, while the crustal thickness becomes less and Poisson's ratio is nearly normal in the northeast. Prominent low‐velocity anomalies appear beneath both the southern and northeastern Songpan‐Ganzi terrane at depths of 20–40 km, but they are not interconnected. Seismic velocities of the uppermost mantle are slow in the northeastern Songpan‐Ganzi terrane relative to the south. We further find that the crust of the central Qilian orogen is thickened but with remarkable low Poisson's ratio. Low velocities are visible in both the mid‐lower crust and uppermost mantle, similar to the northeastern Songpan‐Ganzi terrane. For comparison, the crustal low velocities are less pronounced beneath the central Qilian orogen. High Poisson's ratio and the mid‐lower crustal anomaly of the southern Songpan‐Ganzi terrane strongly indicate partial melting of the crust. Localized asthenospheric upwelling, however, can account for the coincident anomalies in both the mid‐lower crust and uppermost mantle beneath the northeastern Songpan‐Ganzi terrane and central Qilian orogen. We conclude that outward expansion of the Tibetan plateau has evolved by a combination of crustal flow on its southeastern margin and mantle upwelling likely induced by removal of thickened lithosphere on its easternmost and northeastern edges.


The heterotic string compacti ed on a Calabi{Yau three-fold X3 has been the phenomenologically most promising candidate amongst perturbatively de ned string theories for quite some time [1]. In particular, compacti cations with (0; 2) supersymmetry can easily lead to realistic gauge groups [2]. The de nition of the theory involves the understanding of a suitable stable vector bundle V on X3, which turns out to be a very di cult problem, however. In this talk we discuss recent work on how F-theory and mirror symmetry can be used as a tool for understand heterotic compacti cations [3]. In particular, we describe how both the choice of vector bundle V and the elliptically bered Calabi-YauZn are encoded in the F-theory vacuumXn+1 (modulo turning on elds which in the corresponding type IIA compacti cation onXn+1 are of RR type). From this one can read o both perturbative and non-perturbative gauge enhancements in the heterotic theory. For more details we refer the reader to [3].


IMPact-ionization-Avalanche-Transit-Time (IMPATT) diodes are widely used as microwave sources in transmitters in pulsed radar systems. Under pulsed conditions, the peak output power of an IMPATT diode at a given frequency is limited by its underlying material properties. Due to the high breakdown field and high electron saturation velocity of silicon carbide (SiC), a SiC IMPATT diode is expected to produce microwave power at least 100 times higher than Si or GaAs IMPATT diodes. We reported the first demonstration of a SiC IMPATT diode last year. In this work, the microwave characteristics of the diode are presented.


OBJECTIVES
In an attempt to elucidate the relationship between biomarkers of tumor hypoxia, glycolysis and angiogenesis, we tested the hypothesis that intratumoral gene expression of the hypoxia response (hypoxia inducible factor [HIF1 alpha and 2 alpha]), glycolysis (lactate dehydrogenase A [LDHA]), glucose metabolism (glucose transporter-1 [Glut-1]) and genes involved in angiogenesis (i.e., VEGFA, VEGFR1-3, and neuropilin [NRP]1) are upregulated in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients with high serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).

PATIENTS AND METHODS
78 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples were collected from 36 patients with mCRC. Tumor gene expression was correlated with serum LDH levels from the same group of patients. FFPE tissues were dissected using laser-captured microdissection and analyzed for gene expression using a quantitative real-time RT-PCR method.

RESULTS
Intratumoral gene expression of VEGFA and VEGFR1 showed a statistically significant correlation with serum LDH levels (p = 0.006, r = 0.45 and p = 0.004, r = 0.50, respectively). Intratumoral expression of LDHA gene showed a significant correlation with Glut-1, VEGF, HIF1 alpha, HIF2 alpha and VEGFR1 (p = 0.007, r = 0.44; p < 0.001, r = 0.57; p = 0.013, r = 0.41; p = 0.044, r = 0.34; p = 0.026, r = 0.40). Serum LDH levels also correlated with microvessel density analyzed by immunohistochemical analysis.

CONCLUSION
The results demonstrated a significant correlation between the intratumoral gene expression of LDHA, HIF1 alpha, HIF2 alpha, Glut-1, NRP1, VEGFA and VEGFR1. Patients with high serum LDH have increased intratumoral gene expression of VEGFA and VEGFR1. The results also support the hypothesis that serum LDH levels may serve as a surrogate marker for activation of the HIF-related genes in the tumor.


While the Two-Midnight Rule can be confusing to staff and patients alike, if you implement and hardwire your processes you will be more likely to maintain compliance going forward.


polyacrylonitrile resin by amidination with methylimidate-hydrochloride of polvacrvlonitrile . The enzyme protein was fixed up to 17ƒÊg per 1 mg of carrier , and the yield of fixed cellulase protein was about 50% of added native enzyme in the reaction system. The activity fixed cellulase was about 20% comparing to the equivalent native cellulase . The optimum pH was slightly moved to the alkaline side by the fixation and it was 4 .2 for native cellulase and 4.6 for fixed cellulase . The optimum reaction temperature of the fixed enzyme was found to be slightly shifted to the lower temperature (49•Ž for native cellulase and 47•Ž for fixed cellulase) . The apparent activation energy of fixed cellulase and native cellulase to CM-cellulose was estimated to be about 11 kcal/mol and 9 kcal/mol respectively . As for the stability of both enzymes towards the changes of preincubation pH and temperature , following results were obtained: The relative activity of the fixed enzyme decreased more sharply at the both sides of it's optimum pH than the native enzyme in the pH range from 2 to 10 . An increase in enzymatic activity (V/Vuntreated=1.3) was found when the fixed cellulase was


In recent decades, acceptance of nanoparticles (NPs) in therapeutic applications has increased because of their outstanding physicochemical features. By overcoming the drawbacks of conventional therapy, the utilization of metal NPs, metal-oxide, or metal supported nanomaterials have shown to have significant therapeutic applications in medicine. This is proved by a lot of clinical and laboratory investigations that show improved treatment outcomes, site-specific drug delivery, and fewer side effects compared to traditional medicine. The metal NPs interaction with living cells (animal and plant) showed many ways to develop therapeutic models with the NPs. Despite all of the advancements that science has achieved, there is still a need to find out their performance for long-term use to solve modern challenges. In this regard, the present documentation reviews some potential metals, including silver (Ag), gold (Au), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and nickel (Ni) NPs, as therapeutic agents in various areas such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and applicable for the treatment of many other diseases. Depending on the outstanding ongoing research and practical trials, metal-based NPs can be considered the hope of prospective modern therapeutic areas.


Purpose – This paper aims to examine the roots of public fear and often‐distorted reality of risk, and proposes methods by which emergency management agencies can successfully manage fear, should a terror‐based event occur within their jurisdiction.Design/methodology/approach – The October 2002 sniper crisis in Washington, DC is used to identify the processes by which public fear is generated, maintained, and managed.Findings – In the USA's post‐9/11 era of terror‐awareness, extreme actions of groups like Al Qaeda are no longer necessary to spark detrimental anxiety‐based social reactions. The two snipers who placed the nation's capital under siege for three weeks with one rifle and a box of bullets confirmed this fact. Washington, DC's duct tape and plastic panic buying spree, spurred by a Terrorism Threat Index increase, illustrated how the mere hint of a future event can induce irrational behavior.Practical implications – Clearly, the emergency management community can no longer simply blame the media ...


Cobra Gold Machine Translation Project is a tight collaboration between Communications and Electronics Research, Development, and Engineering Center (CERDEC), US Army and National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), Thailand to develop a rule-based machine translation system between English and Thai. It aims at supporting communication between American and Thai militaries by providing a translation service in both directions. At present, Thai to English MT system was delivered from NECTEC to CERDEC and have been implemented recently.


Machining is a complex process between the cutting tool and the workpiece, and in this process, the cutting tool constantly wears out with various wear mechanisms. Tool-wear estimation in turning is a complicated process; thus, there is a need for a study to reveal the time-dependent behavior of tool wear. In this study, tool wear and surface roughness change during the turning process of AISI 4140 steel at low cutting speeds were examined in detail with variable feed values for the first time. For this purpose, a half-minute cutting time was applied for each pass to analyze the tool wear as gradually as possible. Tool wear (flank, notch, and nose), surface roughness (Ra, Rz, and Rt), and chip morphologies were examined after each turning operation. The flank wear reached 0.3 mm, which is one of the tool life criteria according to ISO 3685, and the experiments were terminated at the 149th minute. Initially, a significant surface improvement (approx. 300%) was observed due to the decrease in feed values. In subsequent experiments, the effect of feed was significantly reduced due to increased tool wear, and limited surface roughness improvement (approx. 30%) was observed. At the beginning of the experiment, the chip breaker function of the cutting insert was successful at almost all feeds. However, in subsequent experiments, it was found that even at higher feeds, the chip breaker geometry of the insert deteriorated due to tool wear, causing changes in chip morphology, and resulting in long and undesirable chips.


Bhitarkanika National Park of Orissa has much significance due to ecological, biological and geomorphological background. It has rich floristic diversity and great variability at species and ecosystem levels in consisting of different types of vegetation in different habitats representing Diospyros swamp forest, Tamarix-Salvadora scrub, palm swamp, salt marshes, grasslands, sand dune and aquatic vegetation. Number of species identified are 372 belonging to 262 genera under 100 families.


The expansion from the domestic market to the international market has become increasingly important for construction business including that of Nigerian Contractors amidst saturated local market, more patronage to foreign Contractors by the sector, stiff competition, political rivalry, insecurity and dwindling economic situation in the country. These factors have left most Contractors vulnerable for years without contract awards thereby resulting in retrenchments, inability to remit value-added tax (VAT), unsustained company's profitability, heavy financial risk, practice and technology drain, bankruptcy, merging of companies as well as redundancy. Thus, the aim of the paper is to evaluate sound prospects for economic boost by the involvement of indigenous Contractors in oversea's projects. The research was built on the foundation of stage growth theory which postulated that countries should modernize and model themselves after wealthier and economical viable ones to climb the upward ladder for development. The paper adopted a survey design method in which a total of 150 questionnaires were administered representing the sample size and 120 copies filled and submitted completely was achieved through a simple random sampling technique from the target population of 240 Federal Government-registered Indigenous Contractors in the South-South geo-political zone of Nigeria. Data analysis was done through simple percentages, frequencies, mean as well as statistics tools-analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) to test the effect of one variable on another. The results showed that high profit and revenue, expansion of subsidiaries, foreign direct investment (FDI), new technological strength, the local and foreign government supports, amongst others were ranked 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th respectively as key prospects that will be achieved for the economic recovery of the nation. Also, competing in a foreign contract will lower the cost of the project in the country. The paper tested a hypothesis: whether there is value addition on the nation economy via indigenous contractor participation in the foreign project. The alternative hypothesis H1 was accepted since the f-calculated value of 64.24 was greater than the table f-value of 5.29 at 4/20 degree of freedom tested at 0.01 level of significance. It then concluded that Indigenous contractors has not been involved significantly in the overseas project, hence; it recommended an integrated approach, developing external wings, good industry practices, technical and dynamic capabilities, collective championing and depoliticizing construction contract for maximum participation.


Treatment of a variety of polymers with ozone in oxygen was investigated as a means of forming covalently-bound peroxide groups attached to solid polymeric materials. Cellulose esters, such as cellulose acetate propionate, were found to form significant amounts of peroxide groups (greater than or equal to 1 mmol/g). These ozonized cellulose esters (XAE) were extensively tested for reactivity and sorptivity against a range of CW agent simulants, especially organosulfide mustard simulants. The oxidative reactivities of XAEs were found to exceed that of model alkyl hydroperoxides and to be comparable to alkyl hydroperoxides catalyzed by transition metal compounds. They were somewhat less reactive than peracids, but also more thermally stable. Initial efforts to formulate XAEs with transition metal complexes in order to speed reaction of mustard simulants and attack refractory organophosphorus simulants were unsuccessful. It was found that the reactive peroxide groups formed by ozonolysis improved the ability of XAE resins to reduce vapor outgassing of mustard simulants, especially at elevated temperature, compared to untreated resins Catalysis, Oxidation, Sorbent, Decontamination, Peroxides, Ozonolysis, Polymer.


A major challenge in the design of microprocessor circuits is transistor sizing in dynamic CMOS logic due to increased number of channel-connected transistors on various paths of the design, and increased magnitude of process variations in the nanometer process. This paper proposes a process variation aware transistor sizing algorithm for dynamic CMOS logic. The efficiency of this algorithm is illustrated first by a 2-b weighted binary-to-thermometric converter, of which the critical path delay was optimized from 355 to 157 ps which accounts for a 55.77% delay improvement, and the delay uncertainty due to process variation was optimized by 60.75%. A 4-b unity weight binary-to-thermometric converter was also optimized, of which the critical path delay was reduced from 152 to 103 ps which accounts for a 32.23% delay improvement, and delay uncertainty was optimized by 63.6%. Applying the proposed timing optimization algorithm to a mixed-dynamic-static CMOS 64-bit adder, the critical path delay and the power-delay-product were optimized to 632 ps and 84.17 pJ, respectively.


Please note that this study was published before the implementation of Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010, which went into effect during the 2012-13 school year, and its provision for Smart Snacks Nutrition Standards for Competitive Food in Schools, implemented during the 2014-15 school year. As such, certain research may not be relevant today. ABSTRACT Objectives The purpose of this pilot project was to evaluate the effect of the Improving Children's Health through Farming, Food, and Fitness Program (CHF3) on the dietary knowledge and habits of participating children. Methods The CHF3 program aims to 1) establish salad bars and integrate nutrition messages into cafeteria activities; 2) develop and incorporate education curricula and activity guides that link program components to the education Content Standards for California Public Schools by subject and grade; 3) integrate a garden "laboratory" with nutrition education to improve children's knowledge of nutrition and improve their food choices; and 4) develop a food-waste composting system in an effort to reduce the lunch waste stream and engage students in the ongoing practice of recycling. This program was implemented in kindergarten classrooms at Rock Creek Elementary School in Auburn, California (n = 32 students) and fourth and fifth grade classrooms at American Union Elementary School in Fresno, California (n = 51 students). Results Our findings demonstrate that the CHF3 Program can increase awareness about the importance of proper nutrition and exercise among students, teachers, and staff while increasing nutrition knowledge and improving lifestyle choices.


Citation: Medina Melean Nora E. "Relevance of Multidisciplinary Teams (MDTs) in the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)". EC Gastroenterology and Digestive System 6.11 (2019): 865-869. Abstract Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is an autoimmune, chronic disorder that evolves people in the productive age (both, in academic and occupational sense), and usually have a great impact on their quality of life. Epidemiological data shows a prevalence increase in high-income countries, and lower in low-income countries, although the incidence has been increasing rapidly in the second ones. Knowing the incidence and prevalence of IBD allows to Health Care Providers (HCPs) designing health-care plans, that include the provision of proper structure (physical and health personnel) in order to offer solutions beyond disease itself: IBD, as a complex disease, demands an integrative management team, focusing not only in physical wellness, but psychological advice and even in certain clinical situations, selection of optimal timing for surgical management. The patient-centered approach everyday gains more relevance, and as gastroenterologists, we are committed to move forward. This is a challenge: provide day by day specialized and integrative support thorough the spectrum of the disease, benefiting the IBD community members.


The paper analyzes the effect of the gradient track pit roads on the energy consumption of the process of rocks transportation by heavy dump trucks. Equations are presented according to this dependence.


Background: There is growing evidence that obesity increases ovarian cancer risk. However, little is known about the impact of body fatness and weight gain in African American women, the racial/ethnic group with the highest prevalence of obesity according to national data. Methods: We evaluated the association between ovarian cancer risk and body mass index (BMI) at age 18, recent BMI, and weight gain since age 18 years in the African American Cancer Epidemiology Study (AACES), an ongoing, population-based case-control study of ovarian cancer in African American women in 11 geographical areas in the US. Cases (n=492) and age and site matched controls (n=696) were identified through rapid case ascertainment and random-digit-dialing, respectively. A computer-assisted telephone interview was used to collect information on ovarian cancer risk factors, including self-reported height, weight at age 18, and weight one year before diagnosis/interview. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for potential covariates, including age, region, education, parity, tubal ligation, oral contraceptive use, age at menarche, menopausal status, and family history of breast/ovarian cancer. Results: Sixty two percent of the cases and fifty six percent of the controls were obese (BMI≥30). Obese women had elevated ovarian cancer risk, particularly for recent BMI≥40 compared to BMI Conclusion: Our findings suggest that obesity and excessive adult weight gain may increase ovarian cancer risk in post-menopausal African American women. Citation Format: Elisa V. Bandera, Bo Qin, Anthony J. Alberg, Jill Barnholtz-Sloan, Melissa Bondy, Michelle Cote, Ellen Funkhouser, Edward Peters, Ann Schwartz, Paul Terry, Patricia G. Moorman, Joellen Schildkraut. Obesity, weight gain, and ovarian cancer risk in African American women. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A73.


--------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------------Structural masonry is an optimized construction system in which the masonry itself has a structural function. Another feature of the system is the use of concrete blocks and modular ceramic blocks in order to streamline the construction process, reduce material and labour costs, and generate greater speed in execution. For all these reasons, structural masonry has been widely used in the Brazilian civil construction industry, encompassing buildings of all finishing standards. Thus, short deadlines and reduced costs are the laws that guide today's construction projects. To meet these important requirements, new techniques are being deployed and improved. This paper will address a development in structural masonry based on a residential construction profile showing how a construction system can have both positive and negative impacts on a job in relation to costs and deadlines. Beyond presenting the main concepts of this construction method, this paper also includes a case study showing how this method could be implemented and the main issues that arise at a construction site due to bad service and/or poor inspection. Keywords;-Structural Masonry; Concrete Block; Grout; Construction method -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 17-10-2018 Date of acceptance: 03-11-2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


We study theoretically nonlocal spin transport in a ballistic carbon nanotube contacted to two ferromagnetic leads and two normal-metal leads. When the magnetizations of the two ferromagnets are changed from a parallel to an antiparallel configuration, the circuit shows a hysteretic behavior which is specific to the few-channel regime. In the coherent limit, the amplitude of the magnetic signals is strongly enhanced due to resonance effects occurring inside the nanotube. Our calculations pave the way for experiments on low-dimensional nonlocal spin transport, which should give results remarkably different from the experiments realized so far in the multichannel diffusive incoherent regime.


The generation and interannual variations of the upwellings west and southwest off the Hainan Island (hereafter denoted as UWHI and USWHI, respectively) detected from satellite-derived sea surface temperature as well as the mechanism behind them are investigated using a 3-D high-resolution ocean model with a set of sensitivity experiments. The model is able to reproduce the upwellings with significant variations in the seasonal and interannual time scales. Results of sensitivity experiments show that the joint effect of tidal mixing and stratification is the main cause of the generation of both UWHI and USWHI in summer, and the offshore pattern of the upwelling centers is closely associated with that of high mixing rate centers where currents interact with steep bathymetry. In addition, the circulation changes induced by the joint effect of tidal mixing and stratification have significant impacts on the upwellings, especially on USWHI. For the interannual variations of both UWHI and USWHI, the changes of the along-shore winds, the tidal mixing, and the boundary currents are the main causes of the variations; the weak tidal mixing, enhanced along-shore winds, and strong boundary currents result in the weakest upwellings there in 1998, with the enhanced along-shore wind being the largest contributor. Plain Language Summary Based on the numerical results, the joint effect of tidal mixing and stratification is the main cause of the generation of both the upwellings west and southwest off the Hainan Island. In addition, the weak tidal mixing, enhanced along-shore winds, and strong boundary currents result in the weakest upwellings there in 1998, with the enhanced along-shore wind being the largest contributor.


Abstract We prove two theorems on the uniqueness of nonlinear differential polynomials sharing 1-points which improve an earlier result of Fang and Hong.


This thesis presents X-ray crystallographic research on chymotrypsin and lysozyme. Seven crystal types of chymotrypsin were identified -- five for the first time. The seven crystal types appear to be different packings of two conformations of the same molecule.

One crystal type of lysozyme was studied. From Patterson projections of crystals diffused with PtI_6^= ions, the x, y, and z coordinates for these ions were determined. After one least squares refinement of these coordinates, the agreement factor between calculated and observed contributions of the PtI_6^= ions was 0.34 for 108 hkO and hOl reflections. Using these coordinates, an hkO and an hOl Fourier projection were prepared.

X and y coordinates for the heavy atoms in lysozyme crystals diffused with UO_2^(++) ions, WO_4^= ions, HgI_4^= ions, HgCl_2, ThCl_4, and p-ClHgфSO_3H were determined from Patterson and Fourier projections.


Background: Managing the airway of a patient during anesthesia is one of anesthesianurse's main tasks. When an unexpected difficult airway occurs, the high demands interms of competence of the nurse anesthetist. Previous research has small extentfocused on the nurse anesthetist experiences of this complex situation. It is thereforedesirable to perform further studies on this subject, focusing on experience.Aim: The aim was to illustrate anesthetic nurses experiences of the unexpecteddifficult airway associated with anesthesia.Method: The study was conducting using qualitative approach. Data were collectedthrough semi-structured interviews with ten anesthetic nurses employed in twodifferent surgical departments in Sweden. The interviews were transcribed andanalyzed by content analysis.Result: The analysis revealed four categories that describe anesthetic nursesexperiences of the unexpected difficult airway associated with anesthesia; experiencesof working under pressure, to work in teams, the importance of feeling safe in theirprofessional capacity and the value reflectionConclusion: Anesthetic nurses shared experiences suggest a consensus that whenthese situations occur they requested more training together. This is partly to facilitatecooperation and also to take advantage of others' experiences and strategies to solvesimilar situations in the future.Keywords: Nurse anesthetist, unexpected difficult airways, experiences, feelings.


Cardiovascular disease has become a major healthcare problem. To tackle this along with bypass surgery, the use of the Cardiovascular Stent is considered promising and effective. In this study, we aim to find the effectiveness of stent deployments and their influence on haemodynamics post their deployment. For the study we have reconstructed single unit of two commercially available stent designs: PS Stent and Bx Velocity Stent using COMSOL. Five different commercially used stent materials (SS-316L, PT-Cr alloy, Co-Cr alloy, Nitinol and Tantalum) were considered. Also three different stent strut geometries (rectangular, square and circular) were analyzed to study the heamodynamics post stent deployment and eventually find out the risk of restenosis.


Stereolithography (SLA) is the oldest additive manufacturing technology, and it is a 3D printing technology used to create industrial concept models, rapid prototypes or different parts with complex geometries in a very short time. By SLA technology, it is possible to manufacture parts with extremely high feature resolutions and quality surface finishes, using a wide selection of materials. SLA 3D printing is frequently used for manufacture: the parts requiring high accuracy and features as small as 0.07 mm, smooth surfaces with good rugosities and form and fit testing. In this article were presented the mechanical properties of the photo-curable polyurethane resins used in SLA technology, the SEM analysis and for establish the composition contain, it was used the ATR-FTIR analysis. In conclusion, new photo-curable polyurethane resins, used in SLA technology, allow the creation of parts with a high degree of accuracy, with good mechanical properties, which can be used both in industry and in medicine domain.


Abstract Tuberculosis is the most common communicable disease worldwide. In this era of immune-compromising disease like acquired immune deficiency syndrome, it is necessary to have knowledge of the different presenting features of various rare manifestation of tuberculosis. Young individuals are more prone to such lesion because lack of immunity, close grouping with infected patients and the general increased chances of varying presentation in such patients. This study groups together rare presentation of extra pulmonary tuberculosis of the head and neck region in an effort to increase the recognition of this disease.


This paper is a preliminary version of Chapter 3 of a State-of-the-Art Report by the IASS Working Group 5: Concrete Shell Roofs. The intention of this chapter is to set forth for those who intend to design concrete shell roofs information and advice about the selection, verification and utilization of commercial computer tools for analysis and design tasks.The computer analysis and design steps for a concrete shell roof are described. Advice follows on the aspects to be considered in the application of commercial finite element (FE)computer programs to concrete shell analysis, starting with recommendations on how novices can gain confidence and competence in the use of software. To establish vocabulary and provide background references, brief surveys are presented of, first,element types and formulations for shells and, second, challenges presented by advanced analyses of shells. The final section of the chapter indicates what capabilities to seek in selecting commercial FE software for the analysis and design of concrete shell roofs. Brief concluding remarks summarize advice regarding judicious use of computer analysis in
design practice.


Electricity price forecasting (EPF) is a branch of energy forecasting on the interface between econometrics/statistics and engineering, which focuses on predicting the spot and forward prices in wholesale electricity markets. Its beginnings can be traced back to the early 1990s, when power sector deregulation led to the introduction of competitive markets in the UK and Scandinavia. The changes quickly spread throughout Europe and North America, and nowadays - in many countries worldwide - electricity is traded under market rules using spot and derivative contracts. Over the last 25 years, a variety of methods and ideas have been tried for EPF, with varying degrees of success. In this chapter we first briefly discuss the forecasting horizons and the types of forecasts, then review the forecasting tools and the evaluation techniques used in the EPF literature.


Phishing attack, as a significant security concern in cyberspace, has continuously threatened organizations and Internet users. For organizations, the rise in the number of phishing target brands has instilled distrust and dissatisfaction in legitimate Internet users and even damaged brand equity. Therefore, more fine-grained phishing detection mechanisms are urgently needed. In this study, we propose PTI-NN, an effective model based on neural networks that uses category features and images to identify the target brands of phishing websites. We furthermore contribute a new dataset including 3,500 phishing websites and present thirty phishing category features, which facilitate pertinent phishing detection in the field of cyber security. In the proposed PTI-NN, an embedding-based DNN is constructed to process the category features, a 2D-CNN is constructed to process the images, and finally, a fully connected layer is used to predict the target brand of phishing websites. The experimental results show that our proposed model is able to classify seventy phishing-targeted brands with a high accuracy of 91.10%, which showcases the effectiveness of our method on the identification of phishing target brands.


An alleged male foal of a female mule, whose sire and grandparents were unknown, was identified for its pedigree. Parentage testing was conducted by comparing polymorphism of 12 microsatellite DNA sites and mitochondrial D-loop sequences of the male foal and the female mule. Both the sequence analysis of species-specific DNA fragments and a cytogenetic analysis were performed to identify the species of the foal and its parents. The results showed that the alleged female mule is actually a hinny, and the male foal, which possesses 62 chromosomes, qualifies as an offspring of the female hinny and a jack donkey.


The histopathology of Radopholus similis and Helicotylenchus multicinctus in roots of Musa spp. in the absence of other micro-organisms, is described. Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia sp., two fungi commonly isolated from lesions in the cortex of banana roots with which R. similis is associated, proved to be non-pathogenic. The interaction of F. oxysporum and R. similis in the formation of lesions is described and it is concluded that R. similis is the primary pathogen of root rot and may create in the cortex a food base for weak, unspecialised fungal parasites and thereby increase the invasive potential of these fungi.


cen2000.html). Not only Latinos (among which Mexicans are the largest group) but also South-East Asians (Minnesota has the largest concentration of Hmong people in the country, most of them refugees) along with Liberians, Somalis and immigrants from former Soviet Union states, have changed the population make up of the Twin Cities. These recent waves of immigration are changing the look of the service industry, but factors of class, gender, ethnic and racial background are surprisingly overlooked in the second edition of Kitchens. These are questions that call for more research in the same line of ethnographic tradition, of which Fine is a contemporary master. As my last thought, I would like to pass along an intellectual exercise that was suggested to me by my own ethnography professor, Mitchell Duneier, who recommended reading this book while reading two other pieces of restaurant culture analysis: Bill Buford's Heat (Buford 2006) and Anthony Bourdain's Kitchen Confidential. Besides being an entertaining exercise in itself, thanks to the rather divergent universes presented by the three different authors, it is also an effective learning and teaching tool for thinking about research methods.


We report here an unusual case of a liver transplantation followed by anti-CD36 (GP IV, Nak) sensitization, probably from transfusion, and involving platelet-transfusion refractoriness (PTR). A 47-year-old Japanese man with hepatitis B virus-related liver cirrhosis received a liver transplant in 2001 from his 52-year-old brother with one human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus mismatch (Table 1). After the transplantation, the patient's platelets dropped to 2 10/L, and platelets were transfused frequently to keep the count at an acceptable level. The number of platelets fluctuated between 2 and 4 10/L with a transient rise to 10 10/L after transfusion, indicating a poor response to transfusions of randomdonor platelets. No obvious bleeding episodes were observed. Anti-CD36 iso-antibody, which was negative before and 5 days after the transplantation, was first detected after 8 days. Platelets from 21 donors had been transfused by day 8. The recipient was administered immunosuppressants, and tacrolimus (4 mg/day) was changed to prednisolone (5 mg/day) on day 7 because of liver dysfunction. The titer of the antibody, which was 16 on day 8, went up to 128 on day 22. No anti-HLA or anti-human platelet antigen (HPA) was detected throughout the period. The recipient and the liver donor were negative for CD36 antigen. The patient was transfused effectively with platelets from CD36 negative, but HLA nonselected, donors. After day 99 when the titer went down to 16, the platelet count persisted at approximately 4 to 5 10/L without frequent transfusions. There was no clear evidence of sepsis or rejection during the clinical course. The titer of anti-CD36 declined gradually after CD36-negative transfusion and disappeared on day 232. Nevertheless, the low platelet count was not resolved completely. The patient died of multi-organ failure on day 377. Alloimmune thrombocytopenias in adults are classified into posttransfusion purpura, passive alloimmune thrombocytopenia, transplantation-associated alloimmune thrombocytopenia, and PTR. Transplanted solid organs contain passenger lymphocytes that can transmit autoimmune disease or initiate alloimmune disorders in recipients. Alloimmune thrombocytopenia is an uncommon, but not rare, cause of thrombocytopenia. Alloantibodies against platelet-specific alloantigens, in particular HPA-1a among white populations, can cause severe thrombocytopenia in recipients. PTR usually results from various antiplatelet antibodies related to frequent platelet transfusions (1). Antibodies to HLA are the most common cause, and platelet-specific alloor iso-antibodies, such as anti-CD36, can also give rise to PTR in combination with antiHLAs. CD36 is localized on platelet GP IV (2), which is an 88 kDa glycoprotein expressed on platelets and monocytes/ macrophages. There are two types of CD36 deficiencies. In type I, CD36 is absent from both platelets and monocytes, whereas it is absent only from platelets in type II deficiency (3). It has been reported that 5% to 10% of Asians and approximately 2.4% of African Americans have platelets lacking the major membrane GP IV that carries CD36 (4). In the Japanese population, the frequencies of type I and type II deficiencies are 0.54% and 4.0%, respectively (3). Although individuals with CD36 deficiency are apparently healthy with no obvious bleeding tendency, type I deficiency may potentially result in the production of anti-CD36 after transfusion or pregnancy (3). In our case, only antiCD36 was produced with no anti-HPA or anti-HLA. Although it was a very rare case (5), anti-CD36 antibody in the recipient that was caused by frequently transfused CD36-positive platelets of random-donors resulted in PTR. As far as we know, this is the first case of PTR caused by anti-CD36 in a liver transplant recipient.


The theory of comparative advantage is the fundamental theory of international division of labor in the classic economics. There are some misunderstandings of the theory in the contemporary Chinese theoretical circle. It is important for developing countries to have a correct understanding and a rational application of the theory. The applicability of the theory to developing countries has fully been approved by China's foreign trade practice since the economic reform and opening to the outside world. While some developing countries have fallen into the "trap of comparative advantage" in the application of the theory owing to various reasons China has successfully avoided the trap. Comparative advantage is incomparable to competitive advantage because of the different theoretical fields they belong to. At present, China should not use the strategy of competitive advantage in developing foreign tsade but adhere to the strategy of comparative advantage.


The article discusses the issues associated with the problem of transformation of knowledge about the health behavior into the students' personal meanings. Actuality of the research is determined by the lack of appropriation of knowledge on healthy lifestyles as a personally important, with good understanding of them on the cognitive level. The author presented the understanding of the mechanism of "pedagogical replication". The author describes its realization at various levels of the educational and cognitive activity of the students of the higher educational establishment. It describes the competence approach in higher education. The scientific novelty of the study is that the mechanism of «pedagogical replication» provides conversion of knowledge on healthy lifestyle into healthy personal meanings of life of students and the consistent development of the components of health-competence.


The invention discloses a method for recovering organic solvent from waste gas. The method is mainly characterized by integrating the advantages of a conventional absorption method and a conventional adsorption method. The method comprises the following steps of: absorbing the organic solvent by spraying; then adsorbing the organic solvent by using a molecular sieve; and obtaining the organic solvent after heating the regenerated molecular sieve, wherein absorbent can be recycled. A device provided according to the method comprises an absorption tower, an adsorption pot and a heating regeneration mechanism. Waste gas enters the absorption tower from the lower part, becomes clean gas through spraying and then is exhausted from the top of the absorption tower, wherein the absorbent is used as a spraying liquid; the molecular sieve is arranged in the adsorption pot so as to ensure that the organic solvent is adsorbed by the molecular sieve after the absorbent containing the organic solvent flows through the adsorption pot, and the absorbent renewedly enters the absorption tower to carry out spraying operation; and then the organic solvent is obtained through heating the molecular sieve adsorbing the organic solvent by the heating regeneration mechanism. The method and the device can save a great amount of energy resources and solve the problems of lots of energy resources consumed by absorbing the organic solvent by the absorption method and difficult regeneration after adsorbing by the adsorption method at present.


The paper proposes evaluation methods for virtual humans behaviors, which are generated automatically. Presented methods measure realism of an animation. Experiments are described, which generate animations by means of genetic programming. Obtained results show that using proposed methods produces more realistic animations.


Summary Quality control in manufacture of botanical medicines begins with confirmation of botanical identity, yet morphological identification is increasingly neglected. Rhizome and root anatomy of black cohosh ( Actaea racemosa or Cimicifuga racemosa ) was compared to that of several potential contaminant or substitute species of Actaea . The differences among these species were great enough that the identity of most material can be easily determined. Older pharmacognostic literature was observed to contain valuable botanical data.


Current progress in Mid-IR semiconductor laser technology established on inter-sub-band changed like quantum wells assure a remarkable impact on tunable diode laser-based sensors for trace gases.  This paper presents improvement toward the awareness of room-temperature laser-based sensors for combustion-generated pollutants like NO 2 and SO 2 . Laboratory measurements of SO 2 at 8.5 µm are presented with detection range on the order of 1 ppm. Further approaches for higher sensitivity measurements in exhaust gas conditions are illustrated, as well as measurements of SO x.


The view most widely held to-day amongst New Testament scholars as to the literary character, background and sources (if any) of the narrative in the first two chapters of Luke is that the origin of this story must be sought within the orbit of Hellenistic Christianity. Legends from Greece, Egypt, Asia Minor, and even India, have been drawn upon for comparisons with the Lucan story of the Nativity and Infancy of Jesus in valiant attempts to prove that this story was rooted in traditions that had originated in a cultural milieu other than that of Palestine. It is the peculiar blending of colours from mythology, sacerdotal tradition, bucolic lore and eschatology which pervades the Lucan narrative that persuaded scholars to look for affinities with Virgil and with Posidonius. Even Martin DIBELIUS 1) and Gottfried ERDMANN 2) who more than others have clarified our conception of the complex structure of the apparently simple tale in Luke chapters i and ii have been fishing in strange waters 3). Against this current opinion I hold the view that the stories of the births of John and Jesus and of Jesus' childhood as recorded in the Third Gospel originated in Palestine in a Jewish environ-


In various fields of science, 2-dimensional array data is being generated actively as a result of measurements and simulations. Although various query processing techniques for array data are being studied, the problem of finding similar regions, whose sizes are not known in advance, in 2-dimensional array has not been addressed yet. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an efficient method for finding regions with similar element values, whose size is larger than a user-specified value, for a given 2-dimensional array data. The proposed method, for each pair of elements in the array, expands the corresponding two regions, whose initial size is 1, along the right and down direction in stages, keeping the shape of the two regions the same. If the difference between the elements values in the two regions becomes larger than a user-specified value, the proposed method stops the expansion. Consequently, the proposed method can find similar regions efficiently by accessing only those parts that are likely to be similar regions. Through theoretical analysis and various experiments, we show that the proposed method can find similar regions very efficiently.


A recommender system is a personalized decision support tool to suggest suitable products in proper manners for the benefits of both suppliers and consumers with the assumption of full understanding of consumers' needs and preferences. However, a substantial number of studies have focused on making recommender systems more accurate and efficient from the perspective of suppliers. Whereas, there have been a few studies on consumers' needs and preferences under their own contexts to accept recommender systems. To this end, this study attempted to find out the effects of personal sentiments and contexts on the willingness to accept music recommender systems based on the "Technology Acceptance Model". For the study, we developed a conceptual model to test the effects.


In this paper, a laboratory scale model study was conducted on interbeded geomaterial using electrical resistivity instrument. The electrical resistivity value of individual material was determined and modeled as mass scale. The tank was filled with composite geomaterial constituted of interbedding of cement mortar as hard layer and residual sedimentary soil. Forty-one copper electrodes of 15 cm long were used and installed at 4 cm spacing in the tank. The composite geomaterials were labeled as Model 1, Model 2 and
Model 3, where they were referred respectively to interbedding of hard layer and layers of residual soil at natural dry state and wet state. The electrical resistivity terrameter was used to obtain the georesistivity pseudo-section by adopting Werner protocol. The georesistivity pseudo-sections were derived from 3 models simulated the subsurface of rock mass in humid tropic environment.The objective was to synthesize the composite georesistivity
pseudo-section based on geo-engineering principle. It was observed that
the pseudo-section of the composite geomaterial was represented by
range of colors with range of georesistivity values. The horizontal bands
of color differentiated the georesistivity of models vertically but constant
in horizontal direction. The georesistivity value at material scale was
comparable to the range of georesistivity values derived from the 2D
electrical resistivity pseudo-sections. The contrasts in the conductivity of clay
fraction, silica and electrolytes have differentiated the electrical resistivity
pseudo-section of sandy soil mass and cement mortar hard material.


Objective To analyze 258 Chinese patent medicines instructions contraindications precautions adverse reactions,and the problems,provide a scientific basis for improving the package insert.Methods Collectied the 258 proprietary Chinese medicine instructions from the No.3 People's Hospital of Luoyang City pharmacies,promulgated in 2006 by the State Provisions for Drug Insert Sheets and Labels regulations,and other reference materials of different formulations statistics precautions adverse reactions and the situation of lack tion and examine its textual representation normative.Results Surveyed 258 Chinese patent medicines instructions,clear narratition of the label rate of adverse reactions,contraindications,precautions were 34.88%,46.51%,78.29%,the two formulations of the instructions have different levels of representation incomplete specification.Conclusions Instaructions of traditionaal Chinese medicines still need to constantly improve instructions,incomplete statements,attention should be paid and strengthen supervision.


The aim of the work is to study the growing dynamics of total sugars, acids and phenolic compounds (flavonoids, anthocyanins) in Sev Areni grape berries in conditions of organic farming depending on the buds' load rate.
The studies were conducted in 2020-2021. The vineyard belonging to "Hin Areni" CJSC, established in 2007-2008, is located in the Areni community of Vayots Dzor marz, at an altitude of 1200 m above sea level. At the start of the trials, 5 hectares of the garden (10 ha) were cultivated with organic methods.
The experiments were carried out in four replications through the method of Lazarevskiy including 15 vines in each option. The dynamics of berry ripening was studied according to vine load. Sugar content (refractometric method), titratable acidity (using OIV-MA-AS313-01 method), pH, total phenolic content of fruit juice was determined three times.
According to study results, the amount of flavonoids and anthocyanins changes during grape ripening, depending on the vine load. Along with the grapes maturation, sugar content of the fruit juice increases, the acidity decreases. However, parallel to the increase in vine load, the sugar content decreases. In the option of 50 bud load the sugar content decreases. The harvested yield lags behind the option of 30-40 bud load in its qualitative properties. Thus, it is not recommended to use high bud loading option in the organic farming.
Based on the study results, it is recommended to use 30-40 bud vine loads of Sev Areni variety in conditions of vineyards organic farming.


SUMMARYFour experiments were conducted to examine factors that influence the expression of hygienic and non-hygienic behaviour in honey bees, Apis mellifera, and to examine the correlation between this behaviour and resistance to chalkbrood, Ascosphaera apis. Colonies were headed by instrumentally inseminated queens selected on the basis of uncapping and removal behaviour expressed by their progeny. In the first experiment, colony strength was altered by transferring hygienic and non- hygienic colonies from 10-frame field hives to 2-frame observation hives. This treatment significantly reduced the hygienic response of the hygienic bees but did not affect the response of the non-hygienic bees. In the second experiment, hygienic and non-hygienic bees displayed different responses to freeze-killed and live brood which had been partially or entirely uncapped. Both lines of bees recapped both partially and entirely uncapped live brood, but non-hygienic bees also recapped partially uncapped freeze-killed brood,...


Introduction: Adductor muscle strain or sportsman hernia (SH) is one of the most common disorders in cases who underwent heavy physical activity. An injection of corticosteroids is used to treat inflammation on the last step. Recently, physiotherapy (PT) considered as one of the most effective treatment for muscle strain. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the efficacy of steroid injection compared physiotherapy in adductor muscle strain. Materials and Methods: This cohort study was conducted on the patients who have presented to the physical medicine clinic of Baqiyatallah hospital with chronic groin pain definitely diagnosed SH. Other cause of unilateral groin pain was overruled, and the patients were divided into the two groups accidentally. Patients at the first group underwent 40 mg prednisolone injection and follow-up of 4 weeks later, and at the second group, the patients underwent PT containing stretching adductor muscle lasting 30 seconds 3 times per week for 2 weeks. Results: Seventy-six male patients with the mean age of 24.62 ± 3.49 including 24 athletes, 26 soldiers, and 26 martials were enrolled whom 37 of them divided into the first group and 39 into the second one. The mean ± SD of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before and after treatment in first group was 7.784 ± 0.492 and 3.340 ± 0.836, respectively and in second group equals to 8.008 ± 0.457 and 3.370 ± 0.297, respectively. These differences between and within groups were statistically significant. (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Both therapeutic protocols were effectively repressed the pain scores (VAS) although PT protocol was more effective than prednisolone injection. We suggest PT protocol as the first choice of SH treatment.


The skills of analyzing and developing Substantive Issue Analysis social welfare legislation at the state level have received only limited attention. The answers to questions four through Flynn's (1985) outline for legislative 13 on the checklist help the social worker issue analysis provides helpful but to understand the central issues of the limited information for social work policy proposed legislation in the context of ex analysts. His discussion of agency isting statutes. The worker then can analysis and position paper development analyze the pros and cons of the proposal is particularly useful for social workers and to determine whether the bill, if assigned such tasks in their (usually passed, will offer an improved approach governmental) agency work. Other to the problem or issue at hand, whether social workers also can use the outline to the current statutes are adequate and determine the potential impact of pendchange therefore is unwarranted, or ing legislation on clients or agency serwhether alternate methods for address vices. Analysis of the issue under Flynn's ing the problem might be preferable to outline must be coupled with analysis of the bill. The checklist also aids the the general political climate if the social worker in examining the details and facts worker intends to act as a lobbyist. of the issue, and in developing a clear idea of arguments for and against the legislation. Political activity, like all social work An Analysis Checklist


The City of Sydney has been providing services to people who are homeless since we established the Homeless Persons Information Centre (HPIC) in 1985. The City also has a dedicated Homelessness Unit that's responsible for direct services, contracting services, policy and project development, community and stakeholder relationships, research and resource development, and sector support across our local government area.


Reconstructible grammaticalization processes in Cushitic (Afroasiatic) concern mainly the pronominal and verbal domains, markers of subordination, adpositions, question words and discourse particles. Starting with the sole representative of its Northern branch, Beja, this chapter investigates the various sources, targets and paths of 70 grammaticalization processes, seeks for comparable phenomena in three other branches of Cushitic – Central, Highland East and Lowland East – and compares them with the list provided in Heine and Kuteva's (2002) lexicon of the languages of the world, or with other literature about the languages of the Horn of Africa where Cushitic languages are spoken. Four main features of grammaticalization in Cushitic emerge from this investigation: (i) the nominal domain can be a source of grammaticalization, but this not (or hardly) the case for targets; (ii) auxiliaries, in particular the quotative verb which shows a vast array of functions, are often the source of the renewal and enrichment of the verbal system, but this is far less the case for verbless clauses as opposed to other Afroasiatic families, namely Semitic and Egyptian (Cohen 1984); (iii) quotative verbs have a strong tendency to grammaticalize at different levels of the language structure, verbs, complex sentences, discourse, including functions unattested in other genetic stocks; (iv) Cushitic languages show a pervasive semantic link between 'say' and 'purpose' at large.


The aim of this study was to examine strategies for managing cultism as students' unethical behaviours in tertiary institutions in Bayelsa State. One research question and one null hypothesis were developed to guide the study. The descriptive survey research design was adopted in the study. The sample size of 716 staff which consists of 277 academic and 439 non-academic was drawn from the population of 3,578 from the seven tertiary institutions using the stratified random sampling technique. Strategies for Managing Cultism as Students' Unethical Questionnaire was the data collecting instrument that was subjected to face and content validities by three experts. The reliability coefficient value of 0.83 was obtained in a trial test establishing the reliability using the Pearsons Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. Mean and standard deviation statistics were used to answer the research questions, while the null hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance using the z-test statistic. Findings of the study revealed that expulsion of students caught in occult activities, awareness creation and provision of code of conduct handbook to students were strategies for managing cultism. Findings further indicated that significant difference was not found between the mean ratings of academic and non-academic staff on strategies for managing cultism as students' unethical behaviours in tertiary institutions in Bayelsa State. It was recommended among others that adequate planning be made by school management during students' orientation to accommodate various facets of the school system.


Objective:Comparison of lower extremity long bone fractures of different fixation methods for bone healing after surgical methods for the selection of clinical reference.Methods: In our hospital from september 2003 to 2008,the use of interlocking intramedullary nailing in the treatment of lower extremity long bone fractures in 66 cases with the same period 68 cases of plate fixation of the fracture healing time compared.Results: Interlocking intramedullary nailing in the treat-ment group fracture healing time.Conclusion: As long as the choice of appropriate indications,the use of interlocking in-tramedullary nailing in the treatment of lower extremity long bone fractures is worthy of recommendation.


According to the assurance given by the German federal government to complete the transport infrastructure requirements in time for the football world championship of 2006, this task is not the exclusive responsibility of the federal government but one that is shared with the Lander and local governments. In order to harmonize and coordinate all the different tasks involved, a team has been formed that also includes representatives of the FIFA organization committee and transport carriers. It is deemed necessary to make arrangements for the guidance and control of traffic on the federal motorways and roads nationwide, bearing in mind the need for visitors with different cultural backgrounds to be able to orientate themselves effortlessly. It would seem desirable that those companies involved with transport telematics, make use of the football championship event to present German efficiency and competitiveness in this innovative sector to the world at large.


Interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) is a multifunctional cytokine that upregulates the inflammatory response, and participates in carcinogenesis, malignant transformation, tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Two potentially functional polymorphisms (T‐31C and C‐511T) in the IL‐1β gene promoter were suggested to be correlated with alteration of IL‐1β expression and therefore may be associated with cancer risk. To test the hypothesis that these 2 polymorphisms are associated with risk of breast cancer, we performed a case‐control study of 365 breast cancer cases, 270 patients with benign breast diseases (BBD) and 631 cancer‐free controls in a Chinese population. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that increased risk of breast cancer was associated with IL‐1β‐31C variant genotypes [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.28 and 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.91–1.80 for ‐31CT and 1.72 (95% CI = 1.16‐2.54) for ‐31CC], compared with the ‐31TT genotype. Similarly, IL‐1β‐511T variant genotypes were also associated with increased risk of breast cancer (adjusted OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.86–1.67 for ‐511CT and adjusted OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.18–2.56 for ‐511TT), compared with the ‐511CC genotype. Furthermore, cancer risks associated with IL‐1βT‐31C variant genotypes were more evident in older women, postmenopausal women and individuals with a later menarche age. Interestingly, although we did not find significant associations of these 2 variants with cancer risk when compared with the BBD patients, a 1.27‐fold (95% CI = 1.01–1.60) increased risk was observed with the ‐31C‐511T common haplotype. These findings indicate that these 2 IL‐1β promoter variants may contribute to risk of developing breast cancer in the Chinese population. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The Self-determination theory and The Vallerand's Hierarchical Model has been studied with different types of social factors that can bring different consequences. The purpose of this work was if responsibility and social climate could predict the social and prosocial behaviors and violence. For this, 429 students (M = 11.46, SD = 1.92) participated in this study answering a questionnaire with five variables: school climate, responsibility, motivation, satisfaction of psychological needs, prosocial and antisocial behaviors and violence. The main results saw that the most part of variables were correlated positive and directly except with antisocial behaviors and violence. On the other hand, prediction model (X2 = 584.145 (98); RMSEA = 0.104 [90% CI = 0.096, 0.112]; TLI = 0.849; CFI = 0.894) showed that responsibility and school climate can predict psychological basic needs and these needs, can improve the autonomous motivation and finally have positive consequences improving prosocial behaviors and reducing antisocial behaviors and violence. In conclusion, school climate and responsibility can improve positive consequences to the classroom, specifically, prosocial behaviors and reducing violence and antisocial behaviors.


Cyclohexane is a colourless, highly inflammable liquid with a high vapour pressure of 104 hPa at 20°C. It is insoluble in water, but readily soluble in alcohols, hydrocarbons, ethers or chlorinated hydrocarbons. It is used mainly as an intermediate in the production of nylon. It is used in the production of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone, and as a solvent for lacquers, resins, glues and for the extraction of ethereal oils. Cyclohexane does not usually occur as the pure product, but is used industrially in accompaniment with other substances. Mainly cyclohexane–toluene mixtures are used. There are therefore only few data available from field studies for pure cyclohexane at the workplace.


The culinary cluster of creative economy in Indonesia has a strong appeal to business actors, so that business growth in the culinary cluster is always above other clusters. But unfortunately, the level of Islamic financial literacy and Islamic financial inclusiveness has not been created properly in this cluster. This study aims to see the relationship between Islamic financial literacy, Islamic financial inclusion and business growth in the culinary cluster of creative economy. The sample in this study was 62 business actors in the culinary cluster. To see this relationship, data were analyzed using the SEM-GeSCA approach. The results of this study indicate that Islamic financial literacy has a positive and significant impact on Islamic financial inclusion and business growth. Other research results also show a positive and significant impact relationship between Islamic financial inclusion and business growth. This result implies that business actors in the culinary cluster must continue to improve Islamic financial literacy and Islamic financial inclusion so that sustainable growth of their business can be created.


We investigated the chemical adsorption of poly(3-alkylthiophene) (P3AT) on Au using a self-assembling technique by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS spectra in the S 2p region of a P3AT self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on Au were observed at 161.8 (S 2p3/2) and 163.6 eV (S 2p3/2). The former was assigned to the sulfur of the thiolate-gold component and the latter to thiophene sulfur. These results indicate that the sulfur head groups in P3AT cause chemical reactions with gold in the self-assembling process. The chemisorption of polythiophene tightly and easily on the metal surface through chemical bonds will pave the way for the construction of good electric contacts and a controllable modification of electronic state on metal surfaces essential for electronic or electrooptical devices such as light-emitting diodes.


One of the informal sector that many people acted by the weak economy is as street vendors ( PKL ) . The existence of street vendors has been growing for a long time and the numbers continue to grow as the demands of the growing economy and to fewer opportunities in the formal sector . One street trading business in the city of Pekanbaru precisely on Jalan Ir . Juanda is Street Vendor liquor . Their existence has been around a long time with the source material acquisition merchandise liquor from the nearest port . The street vendors came from all regions of about Pekanbaru well as by local residents and from outside the city of Pekanbaru . The existence of Street Vendors of this liquor is one of the distribution points liquor illegally because they also obtain merchandise from unauthorized or illegal sources . Researchers interested in this case to review the profile hawkers on street vending liquor Ir . Juanda . The purpose of this study is to determine the type of social relationships between vendors and to find out how to obtain and sell alcohol . Keeword: profile, street,vendors


The paramount goal of this paper is to tease out a number of universal communicative phenomena which carry humour appreciated by the recipient of a drama series, based on data culled from a famous medical drama series, "House". This broad-range study aims to shed light on the humorous phenomena in dramatic discourse, which evinces greater similitude than comedy discourse. It is argued that conversational humour is prevalent in dramatic discourse, manifesting itself in rhetorical figures (e.g. creative metaphor or irony) and pragmatic types (e.g. teasing), which can also be categorised depending on whether or not they display genuine aggression. Two more humour types are also presented as part of conversational humour, namely: non-verbal expression and (non-)parodic impersonation. Additionally, several other sources of humour are distinguished, such as: a character's quirky behaviour (including participatory behaviour and impoliteness), uncanny events, situational irony, and deception. While the humorous capacity of such concepts has already been recognised, their position in the research on film discourse and in humour studies is not yet well-established. It will be argued that these phenomena manifest humorousness to the hearer on the second communicative level, the recipient, and are not necessarily humorous at the characters' level. All the humour forms distinguished are neatly captured by incongruity theory, specifically the incongruity-resolution model, coupled with superiority theory in the case of disaffiliative humour.


Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of an improved stapler anastomosis on prevention of anastolrotic fistula in total gastrectomy through abdomen. Methods Three measures (without mark line, methylene blue examination and improved posture and incision) were taken to improve the original method by Griffen Jr. W O. The therapeutic effect of 41 cases of original method and 78 cases of improved method were observed; meanwhile, 160 pieces of isolated pig intestine received 40 times of original and improved method, respectively observed as well. Results In 40 times of isolated pig intestinal anastomosis by original method, 5 anastomotic fistulas were presented because of two loose nails in every anastomosis; but by improved method, no fistula was found (P 0. 05). Of 41 cases receiving original method, 2 cases died of post-operative anastomotic fistula, 4 cases had subphrenic abscess. of 78 cases by improved method, none presented anastomotic fistula, subphrenic abscess and death (P0. 01). Conclusion Setting up the mark line and pulling out stapler nails in the original method is the main cause of fistula. The improved method demonstrates that fistula at anastomosis can be effectively prevented.


MEASUREMENTS OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY GROWTH. S. P. Kounaves, I. I. Brown, C. Galindo, A. Hoehn, J. Kapit, K. L. Lynch, D. McKay, S. A. Sarkisova, and S. M. M. Young, In-Situ Chemical Analysis Lab, Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, Astromaterials Research & Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058 BioServe Space Technologies, Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309.


Interleukin (IL)-10-deficient (IL-10−/−) mice develop colitis under specific pathogen-free (SPF) conditions and remain disease free if kept sterile (germ free [GF]). We used four different protocols that varied the time-points of oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (L. plantarum) relative to colonization with SPF bacteria to determine whether L. plantarum could prevent and treat colitis induced by SPF bacteria in IL-10−/− mice and evaluated the effect of this probiotic organism on mucosal immune activation. Assessment of colitis included blinded histologic scores, measurements of secreted colonic immunoglobulin isotypes, IL-12 (p40 subunit), and interferon (IFN)-&ggr; production by anti-CD3-stimulated mesenteric lymph node cells. Treating SPF IL-10−/− mice with L. plantarum attenuated previously established colonic inflammation as manifested by decreased mucosal IL-12, IFN-&ggr;, and immunoglobulin G2a levels. Colonizing GF animals with L. plantarum and SPF flora simultaneously had no protective effects. Gnotobiotic IL-10−/− mice monoassociated with L. plantarum exhibited mild immune system activation but no colitis. Pretreatment of GF mice by colonization with L. plantarum, then exposure to SPF flora and continued probiotic therapy significantly decreased histologic colitis scores. These results demonstrate that L. plantarum can attenuate immune-mediated colitis and suggest a potential therapeutic role for this agent in clinical inflammatory bowel diseases.


ISO 16283-2: 2015(E) describes how a standardised tapping machine and a rubber ball are used as impact sources to determine floor impact sound insulation. These standard impact sources do not exactly replicate all the possible types of real floor impacts. According to the ISO 16283-2: 2015(E), the tapping machine is effective to asses a variety of light, hard impacts such as footsteps from walkers wearing hard-heeled footwear, while the rubber ball is more effective to assess heavy, soft impacts such as from walkers in bare feet or children jumping. However, only the standard tapping machine approach is used to measure the impact sound insulation properties of building floors in Australia. This paper explores the effectiveness of the rubber ball compared to the tapping machine as the impact source. In this study, the floor impact sound pressure levels were measured in the receiving room with different types of impact sources; standard tapping machine, rubber ball, human walking, running and jumping on different types of floors; timber, tile, vinyl and hybrid. The results show that rubber ball more closely replicates the impact sounds produced by the human activities such as from walking, jumping and running. Moreover, it is evident that when the building floor is a tile floor, a tapping machine produces higher sound pressure levels at higher frequencies than either hard-heeled or heavy/soft impacts.


This article proposed the significance of lab's construction planning and team's construction.The main contents of lab's work is to give full play to lab's administrative units,make great efforts to key laboratory construction,and self-made experimental equipment and apparatus,etc.


A statistical analysis is conducted of the covariance between summer precipitation in Japan and concurrent variations of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Western North Pacific (WNP; 120–160 (cid:1) E, 0–60 (cid:1) N). To this end, a singular value decomposition (SVD) is applied to observed monthly anomalies of the two fields for the period 1961–1998 (38 summer seasons). The first coupled mode of the SVD explains as much as 71% of the total cross-covariance between WNP SST and Baiu precipitation. It is characterized by a zonally elongated dipole in the SST anomaly with opposite loadings on either side of about 30 (cid:1) N and a precipitation anomaly with its maximum in southern Japan. The patterns indicate a negative correlation between Japan's summer precipitation and the sea surface temperature in the East China Sea, Japan Sea and Kuroshio-Oyashio extension. Simpler composite analyses confirm the robustness of the coupling. In a linear regression analysis, the score of the WNP SST explains 30% of the domain mean summer precipitation variance, which is larger than the variance accounted for by lagged and concurrent ENSO-indices. Composites related to the mode's precipitation score were found to support both directions of the atmosphere–ocean interaction. On the one hand, the anomalies in radiation and evaporation at the sea surface would be sufficiently large to induce the observed temperature variations in the northern pole of the SST pattern. On the other hand, the possibility for an atmospheric response to the SST is supported by the consistency of anomalies in lower–tropospheric baroclinicity and moisture flux divergence with the underlying SST distribution.


The problem of scattering of spherical electromagnetic waves by a bounded chiral obstacle is considered. General scattering theorems, relating the far–field patterns due to scattering of waves from a point source put in any two different locations (the reciprocity principle, the optical theorem, etc), and mixed scattering relations (relating the scattered fields due to a point source and a plane wave) are established. Further, in the case of a spherical chiral scatterer, the exact Green's function and the electric far–field pattern of the problem are constructed.


Extensive studies have been made of cultured human leukocytes and bone marrow cells. G. E. Moore and others (Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York) now report on the basis of 400 cell lines from nearly 5,000 original cultures derived from about 1,000 individuals. In their opinion, no evidence has been found that cultured lymphoid cells derived from normal per sons differ from many cells of lines derived from patients with leukemia or other malignant diseases, aside from a few exceptional instances. When a cul ture becomes established, the cells continue to multiply rapidly for months and years, and thus appear to have an infinite life. Interesting speculation is pre sented on the nature of cells capable of showing this behavior. [August]


This paper empirically investigates effects of both exchange rate and foreign income uncertainty on Korean exports using VAR and vector error correction models. Theories predict that exchange rate uncertainty can have either positive effects on exports depending on the degree of risk aversion and net effects of income and substitution effects. First, our empirical results show that asymmetry and leverage effects of the real exchange rates on their volatility are statistically significant. This suggests that 'bad' news on the real exchange rates should have a more pronounced effects on exchange rate volatility. Second, our results show that exchange rate uncertainty has negative effects on Korean exports and export growth. This result implies that the availability of forward contract, currency options, and other alternatives for risk diversification does not provide sufficient hedging to reduce the potential effects of exchange rate uncertainty on trade. However, foreign income uncertainty has no significant effect on Korean exports, suggesting that exchange rate shocks have more effects on exports than foreign income shocks in Korea. Our results suggest that Korean monetary authority can have relatively more incentive to intervene foreign exchange markets to offset the negative shocks under the floating exchange rate regime.


Providing visual information acquired from remote events to various operators, researchers, and practitioners has become progressively more important as the application of special skills in alien or hazardous situations increases. To provide an understanding of the technical parameters required to specify imagery, we have identified, defined, and discussed seven salient characteristics of images: spatial resolution, linearity, luminance resolution, spectral discrimination, temporal discrimination, edge definition, and signal-to-noise ratio. We then describe a generalizing imaging system and identified how various parts of the system affect the image data. To emphasize the different applications of imagery, we have constrasted the common television system with the significant parameters of a televisual imaging system for technical applications. Finally, we have established a method by which the required visual information can be specified by describing certain technical parameters which are directly related to the information content of the imagery. This method requires the user to complete a form listing all pertinent data requirements for the imagery.


The present invention discloses a method of extracting nucleotide from waste beer yeast. The steps includes to separate nucleic acid to form nucleic acid liquid without using salt but the feature that the dried waste beer yeast cell has been cracked partially; to enzymolyze directionally the nucleic acid liquid directly by utilizing phosphodiesterase without passing through intermediate step of depositing nucleic acid; and to purify with active carbon the enzymosis product so as to obtain nucleotide product. The said process has short technological path; the nucleitde product has the featuresof high yield, high purity, low cost and stable performance; and the residual yeast is excellent feed capable of being reused.


The Cartas familiares (1786) of the Spanish Jesuit Juan Andres (Planes 1740-Rome 1817) provide the basis for reconstructing the transformation of cultural sociability and the impact of the Enlightenment on Italian culture during the crisis of the Old Regime.