Background: The use of health care services during pregnancy a ssists in decreasing neonatal deaths and improves the quality of life of pregnant women and their newborn children. Aim : To investigate the perceptions of new mothers in a prefecture of Northern Greece regarding the mater nity services provided during pregnancy and childbirth. Methodology: The sample consists of 133 mothers of newborn babies who were hospitalised, after in-hospital delivery, between April and June 2008 in a prefectu re of Northern Greece. The instrument used for the data collection was the Kuopio Instrument for Mothers (KIM). Results: 97% of participants were married, 42.2% had higher education and 23.3% were full-time employees. 42.9% of the mothers were primiparous and 57.1% were multiparous. 56.8% had vaginal delivery, while 42 .9% had caesarean section. 84.2% of the participants st ated that they would prefer to have their next deli very in a private maternity clinic, and 3% stated that they w ould prefer to give birth at home. 15.3% had partic ipated in childbirth preparatory courses. Finally, the partic ipants considered that maternity services, such as pregnancy monitoring, preventative examinations for foetal ab normalities, PAP-test and preventative examinations for breast cancer, should be provided by the state free of charge. Conclusions : It is necessary to further develop and modernize maternity services in such a way that they will correspond to pregnant women's needs.


In this paper we describe recent advances in the development of particle methods for the direct numerical simulations of three-dimensional wakes. Both body-fitted and immersed boundary techniques are considered. The accuracy and numerical cost of the proposed numerical methods are discussed on the benchmark cases of a flow past a cylinder and of a vortex ring impinging on a cylinder. This article was chosen from Selected Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Vortex Flows and Related Numerical Methods (UC Santa-Barbara, 17-20 March 2002) ed E Meiburg, G H Cottet, A Ghoniem and P Koumoutsakos. Present address: MIP, Complexe Scientifique de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.


Recently, sparse coding methods have been widely in the area of attention due to their notable benefits to data driven applications such as classification, clustering and information retrieval [1, 2, 3]. A typical sparse coding model tries to approximate input signals y as y = Dx using the learned dictionary D and a sparse vector x. It provides a sparse model for the data which can capture the important (primitive) characteristics of the dataset. Also, constructing the sparse coding framework in a nonnegative way can lead to more understandable models of the data [4, 5]. Therefore, an interesting area of application is to use sparse coding for motion datasets such as human activity to achieve a sparse meaningful model for it. A typical challenge for human motion data is their non-vectorial and high-dimensional representation, however as a solution using alignment techniques such as DTW [6, 7] let us transfer the data to the kernel space by calculating their pairwise similarities. Although there are various kernel based sparse coding frameworks which use kernel representation of the dataset [2, 8, 9]; there are two important aspects to consider while modeling the motion data: 1-How meaningful the learned model is regarding the original data. 2-How to efficiently deal with different dimensions of the data. For researchers in the area of Human Activity Analysis it is important to obtain models which can still be interpretable regarding its components, so that they can apply their higher level analysis afterwards. For example a model for walking examples is desirable to present meaningful characteristics of walking motion. To that aim we have designed a specific sparse coding framework which uses the kernel representation of the motion data in order to produce a non-negative representation of the dataset [10]. We demonstrate that in that framework different human activities can be modeled using motion primitives constructed from similar types of motions. Our other framework is a feature based sparse coding designed to take into account the dimension aspect of the motions using multi-manifold


VOLUME 13: THE ATLAS OF IDENTIFICATION CHARTS D. M egevand, P. Bartholdi, L. Weber Geneva Observatory, 1290 Sauverny, Switzerland ABSTRACT The process of editing a large atlas of charts is presented. The di erent steps include the extraction processes of the interesting information out of the GSC and DSS CD-ROMs, the elimination of noise, the technical aspects to produce the di erent charts (Parts D and G) and the di culties linked to the number and the size of the les produced.


In this paper we estimate reliability of a system using Weibull distribution. "Reliability" is one of engineering indicators for describing the performance of an item or a system by probability functions. Reliability is defined as the probability that an item or system is capable of performing, its intended function in a specified time under given working conditions. The Weibull distribution is a generalization of the exponential distribution. The two-parameter Weibull distribution can accommodate increasing, decreasing, or constant failure rates because of the great flexibility expressed through the model's parameter. This distribution is recognized today as industrial standard. This paper presents the maximum likelihood method for estimating the Weibull distribution parameters .and focuses on studying and evaluating the reliability of equipment as a basis to study the reliability of systems and the ways of calculating it.


We give an operator space characterization of subalgebras of $C(\Omega,M_n)$. We also describe injective subspaces of $C(\Omega,M_n)$ and then give applications to sub-TROs of $C(\Omega,M_n)$. Finally, we prove an `$n$-minimal version' of the Christensen-Effros-Sinclair representation theorem.


In this paper, we prove the existence of solutions of nonlinear boundary value problems of arbitrary even order using the lower and upper solutions method. In particular, we point out the fact that the existence of a pair of lower and upper solutions of a considered problem could imply the existence of solution of another one with different boundary conditions. We consider Neumann, Dirichlet, mixed and periodic boundary conditions.


Our aim should be to produce good doctors. The great majority of our students start their course as callow youths of 17 to 18 years, they mature to manhood during the ensuing six years. Their environment must play an important part in the development of their character. We have a weighty responsibility in respect of this aspect of their development and I wonder whether we are sufficiently aware of this.


Teach Yourself(r) the Internet When you need on-the-spot answers - Teach Yourself! Learn fast with short, clear steps Find the answers you need easily Explore the Web for related topics * Get connected in minutes * Learn power browsing tips to find anything online * Create and publish Web pages * Make phone calls over the Internet * Join an online community and participate in real-time chats


Article is dedicated to analysis of international organizations and transnational unions in economic development of the three regions - European Union, Near East, Latin America. Process of economic and cultural integration, spreading throughout the last three decades, has led to emergence of the new social picture of the world in which inequality is seen not through separate societies but in global perspective - as the inequality between countries and regions. International organizations, that implement coordinating and integrating functions, are the core elements in understanding the process of transnational differentiation.


This review explores the immediate background concerning the artistic tendency of non-toxic or less toxic printmaker, started during the 1990's in Europe and USA. Driven by concerns expressed by researchers (mostly artists and educators), due to the negative effects in human health exhibited by some traditional materials and procedures employed in creative printing. Additionally, technical and logistic advantages are comparatively analyzed for such methodologies, focusing on laminated photopolymer and its possible educative use in etching classes offered by the Faculty of Arts.


We propose a patch to the pure pattern calculus: we claim that this is strictly more powerful to define the application of the match fail as the pure \lambda-term defining the boolean false instead of the identity function as it is done in the original version of the pure pattern calculus~\cite{JayK09}. We show that using non algebraic patterns we are able to encode in a natural way any rewriting strategies as well as the branching construct | used in functional programming languages. We close the open question (raised in~\cite{Cirstea00,CirsteaK01}) whether rewriting strategies can be directly encoded in lambda-calculi with patterns.


Reporting of price movements in the livestock marketplace is extremely important to the cattle industry for: clearer recognition of market specifications; acknowledgment of price premium and discounts due to differences in criteria (animal trait); demonstrate the incentive for meeting market specifications. Producers can then design and implement breeding and production programs to more fully satisfy market requirements and maximise returns from their marketable product.


Abstract The static and dynamic properties of domain walls in the incommensurate phase near the lock-in transition was studied numerically in the frame of the elastically hinged molecule model of crystal which was recently proposed by the present authors. The case of discommen-surations in the 3-periodic commensurate phase was discussed and the analytical expression for the displacements near the domain wall was derived in continum approximation. The interaction of the domain pattern with the external field, processes of collision and breakup of domain walls were investigated.


Potential energy theory is a new method to extract target feature and recognize the target in image processing. Potential energy theory, when used for image processing, is faster, more efficient, and more accurate in target feature extraction. The data are easy to extract, and occupy small storage space, what's more, they are simple to be computed with distinct features. Potential energy theory can also improve target recognition speed and recognition rate for the processing of target classification and target recognition. It is a totally new theory and method for image processing.


ABSTRACT The Maracaibo Basin of western Venezuela is considered one of the most prolific petroleum producing regions in the world. The Cretaceous interval consists mainly of fine-grained clastic and carbonate sediments deposited during a period of passive margin development. Stratigraphically, the early Cretaceous Apon Formation of Aptian age contains interbedded rich organic dolomitic and calcareous shale and black bituminous limestone (Mercedes, Tibu, Guaimaros and Machiques Members). These represent maximum flooding surfaces and constitute important source and reservoir rocks in the southwest region of the Maracaibo Basin. To the north, the Apon along with the Lisure and Maraca Formations of the Aptian-Albian Cogollo Group, represent a shallow to middle shelf environment transgressive systems tract consisting mostly of limestone and fine-grained sandstone. In the south, the Cretaceous Capacho, consisting of black shale and the La Luna Formation comprised of interbedded calcareous shale and black cherty limestone, were deposited during a period of relative sea level rise. The La Luna Formation is the primary source rock in the basin as well as a reservoir in places where microfractures produce the necessary permeability for hydrocarbon flow. Numerous geochemical studies performed in the Maracaibo Basin provide evidence for the existence of multiple stratigraphic intervals containing hydrocarbon generating organic-rich shale and calcareous mudstone within the Cretaceous. Integrated reservoir studies and production data indicate that some of the same intervals are excellent oil and gas producers where fracture systems exist.


Web applications provide services to hundreds of millions of people throughout the world. However, developers face a range of problems and challenges in testing them, including the fact that web applications run on diverse and heterogeneous platforms and are written using diverse programming languages. Moreover, they can be dynamic, with their contents and structures determined by inputs from users, so they need to be tested to ensure their validity. In this paper, we investigate the ability to generate a set of test cases for web applications based on traditional graph coverage criteria. First, we extracted the in-link and out-link from given web applications in order to draw a web graph, before extracting the prime paths from the graph. After that, the invalid transitions were built from the prime paths. Finally, all the invalid transitions were extended with valid transitions. We evaluated our investigation process by using different sizes of web applications. Two cases studies were used in this paper, the first a small size application and the second a medium size. The results show how difficult it is to run a huge number of test cases generated manually using graph coverage criteria, even for a small web application.


The Cybrary is an interactive, multi-media resource on the Internet. This electronic library collects, stores, links and distributes a wide array of multi-media materials and resources targeted for key audiences. Materials specifically focused for different disciplines (e.g., pediatrics, psychology, social work, law enforcement) as well as "translated" interdisciplinary materials developed by CIVITAS Academy projects will be available. Distance consultation and cybercast training activities linked to ongoing CIVITAS Academy training will provide real-time access to the expertise of the CIVITAS Initiative staff and partners. Special sections of the Cybrary will be developed for children and families. This unique collection of crucial, understandable and entertaining materials and activities will be available via the Internet.


One in six junior doctors in Britain is still contracted to work over 83 hours a week, according to a survey released this week by the Junior Doctors Committee of the BMA (JDC). Such contracts contravene the new deal negotiated on junior doctors' working conditions, which says that no junior doctor should now be contracted to work more than 83 hours a week.

Over 12 000 doctors responded to …


a more sparse use of German terms, where translations would have been fine. Also, Seegel goes into great detail about the interconnected biographies of his protagonists, including their offspring, while keeping the background information on the complex history of east central Europe relatively short. The less informed reader might have appreciated more historical context to follow the argument. But everybody interested in the region will benefit from reading this well composed, original, and inspiring book about the power and potentially destructive force of map mapping.


Young rabbits were x irradiated with 200 kvp. Dosage was measured in the orbits, and for registering the lens opacities, a new photographic method was devised. Mature cataracts were observed in all young rabbits radiated with over 1500 r within 12 weeks after radiation. With doses of less than 1000 r, mature cataracts never occurred, not even 56 weeks after radiation. The age of the animals was an important factor in relation to the onset of radiation cataract. After exposure to 2000 r, the younger the animals, the earlier the onset of lens opacities, and the more rapidly the progress of the cataractous process. Some degree of recovery was noted in lens injuries arising from exposure to x rays. Mature cataract formation should be inevitable when complete epilation around the eyelid is induced by x radiation. (Abstr. Japan Med., 1: No. 10, 1961)


The definition of a trademark by a company's intention, in general, identify products and customer loyalty. For companies that have online outlets and physical, these factors help in the payment of their communications, seek to convey the same message to consumers. This connection between online environments is physical has made the company even more competitive as it increases and diversifies the purchase


Simple Summary Targeted therapies have revolutionized the management of hematological malignancies and solid organ cancers. These new treatments present numerous infectious complications. We aim to present the main infectious complications related to immune checkpoint inhibitors, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors (PI3K), antiapoptotic protein BCL-2 inhibitors, Janus kinase inhibitors and CAR-T cell infusion treatments. The knowledge of complications allows the physician to better identify patients at risk in order to implement diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, or to discuss the implementation of preventive measures. Abstract Background: Infections are well known complications of some targeted drugs used to treat solid organ cancer and hematological malignancies. Furthermore, Individual patient risk factors are associated with underlying pathologies, concomitant immunosuppressive treatment, prior treatment and use of anti-infective prophylaxis. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are frequent among patients treated with new targeted drugs. Objectives: In this narrative review, we present the current state of knowledge concerning the infectious complications occurring in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, antiapoptotic protein BCL-2 inhibitors, Janus kinase inhibitors or CAR-T cell infusion. Sources: We searched for studies treating infectious complications of ICIs, BTK inhibitors, PI3K inhibitors, antiapoptotic protein BCL-2 inhibitors and CAR-T cell therapy. We included randomized, observational studies and case reports. Content: Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are frequent among patients treated with new targeted drugs. Treatment of irAEs with corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive agents can lead to opportunistic infections. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors are associated with higher rate of infections, including invasive fungal infections. Implications: Infections, particularly fungal ones, are common in patients treated with BTK inhibitors even though most of the complications occurring among patients treated by ICIs or CART-cells infusion are associated with the treatment of side effects related to the use of these new treatments. The diagnosis of these infectious complications can be difficult and may require extensive investigations.


A symposium, held at the annual conference of the North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity in June 2001, celebrated the 26th anniversary of the publication of " A Schema Theory of Discrete Motor Skill Learning " (Schmidt, 1975). The papers that accompany the present article reflect some of the comments of the other featured speakers in this symposium (Newell, 2003; Schmidt, 2003). The goals of the symposium were to examine how research and theory development over the past quarter century have: (a) supported the theory, (b) uncovered weaknesses in the theory, and (c) paved the way for developing a new theory of motor learning that builds specifically on the theoretical tenets of schema theory. We take up this third purpose in the present paper and discuss how the concept of cognitive effort relates to schema theory and how different levels of cognitive activity relate to the motor learning process. We are not proposing a new theory of motor learning. Rather, we wish to present some ideas, which, in the context of schema theory, may serve as a prelude to new theory.


The behavior of electron‐cyclotron resonant (ECR) and non‐ECR H2 plasmas generated in a microwave plasma chemical‐vapor deposition reactor have been studied as a function of magnetic field strength and absorbed microwave power. Plasma diagnostics were performed with a planar electrostatic probe, microwave power measurements, and visual inspection. The probe measurements were concerned with the plasma impingent on a sample table placed downstream from the active core of the plasma. ECR plasmas were found to be more efficient, stable, uniform, and dense than plasmas not generated by ECR. All properties of the ECR plasmas measured by the downstream probe showed a gentle monotonic increase with the magnetic field strength. This was attributed to a reduction in the spacing between the probe and the resonant zone. In the ECR plasmas the average electron temperature was 3 eV and the average density was 1016 m−3. The degree of ionization was on the order of 5×10−4.


The death complex impenetrates in Kawabata Yasunari's many works.This paper tries to interpret the complex in Zen,and reveal the meaning of the spiritual culture under his depiction of death.


Cultural diversity,to be exact,is the impact on the moral education of college students from Euro-America-headed strong culture——Western culture.The Western culture would make the college students doubt and disbelieve the education policy and goal of the CPC and eventually overthrow the socialist course of Chinese characteristic and destroy the construction of a well-off society and the political aim of rejuvenating the Chinese Nation by changing their ideals,outlooks and life styles.


The importance of market segmentation in marketing for modern businesses is the need to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises by increasing their sales based on the precise definition of key parameters and characteristics of the target market. In the face of fierce competition, it becomes more and more difficult for businesses to win new customers and retain existing ones. Increasingly, they feel the need to move from the concept of mass marketing to the implementation of a targeted marketing strategy focused on a specific group of consumers with similar queries and characteristics. Therefore, in today's business and global competition, market segmentation is one of the most important and indispensable components of an enterprise are marketing activities. At the present stage of development of marketing theory and practice in Ukraine the issues of deepening of scientific bases and development of applied directions of development of marketing strategies according to the level of market segmentation become especially relevant. The article builds a breakdown of the market segments for computer devices, which allows you to determine the priorities and requirements of consumer groups in the intersection of market segments, as it clearly demonstrates the problem of consumer choice. The segments of the market in which consumers with common needs and generalized motives for buying are compactly grouped are separated. Using the benefit segmentation method, we can identify the major consumer categories that are determined by the intersection zones of market segments occupied by devices with related features.


One area of research that has important implications for preventing school failure is concerned with "resilient students," or those children and youth learners who succeed in school despite the presence of adverse circumstances. However, this concept supposes a reductionist vision of the phenomenon of educational resilience by considering the individual as an object of intervention, as well as assuming deficits and limitations to it: its socioeconomic, cultural and linguistic condition. In contrast, we understand resilience as an available resource that transcends the individual and is integrated within a given territory, region or city. The aim of this paper is therefore to propose the incorporation of a new term in the available literature, namely, "community socio-educational resilience (CSER)," inspired in the term "community resilience." To this end, the new term is defined, characterized and illustrated from an experience carried out during lockdown due to COVID-19. By "CSER" we mean the engagement of different social, cultural and educational agents in the design and implementation of creative and transformative educational practices that challenge such adversity and uncertain circumstances as those deriving from the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., home confinement, remote teaching). Five fundamental dimensions of the construct are proposed and suggestions for educational practice are discussed.


Promote some of today's best and most popular YA books-both fiction and nonfiction- with these ready-to-use booktalks and creative learning extension ideas. Whether you are a public or school librarian, teacher, or teen group leader, you'll find this guide helpful in motivating teens to read, and keeping them engaged. It features background information on the books, booktalks, and related activities for more than 100 titles released between 2003 and 2008, but focusing especially on those published in the past 3 years. New to this volume are indicators for titles with strong appeal to teen boys and teen girls, as well as those that cross genders in their appeal. Grades 6-12.


Chronic hunger is among the most serious problems in the developing world today. When we consider hunger's devastating effect on the health, welfare, and future prospects of the nearly 200 million ...


The terminal (1) comprises electronic payment means (2,3) for entering data, a processor (9) and a memory (39). The memory (39) includes: - a structure (124) arranged to identify at least one client identifier, a personal identification number and an associated value, - a program (41) comprising instructions (120, 130) for storing in a copy of the structure (124) after entering said customer identifier and said identification number personnel.Un same copy of the structure (124) is then updated locally at the option of payments and supplies performed on the terminal (1) on behalf of the client identified.


Contemporary political philosophy has not overlooked the problem of the common good; indeed, scholars of political thought and normative theory have recently reviewed the question of the common good from a variety of vantage points. Anglo-American (or broadly "analytic") political thought is no exception. Not surprisingly, given the contours of the current Anglo-American world, some prominent representatives of this tradition of inquiry are sensitive to the desirability of balancing (or completing, or replacing) rights-based theoretical and civic discourse with a deeper appreciation of shared goals and goods, including goods of character. Against the backdrop of the previous chapter's explication of the promise and problem of the common good, this chapter surveys the approaches to the common good found in seminal works by three prominent Anglo-American theorists: John Rawls, Michael Sandel, and William Galston. I will argue that Rawls's academic blockbuster A Theory of Justice ( TJ : 1971; rev. ed. 1999), philosophically more important and engaging, in my view, than Rawls's later writings postdating his pragmatic or "political" turn (see Rawls 1985, 1993), accords an unusually significant place for a liberal theory to the concept of the common good. I paint in broad strokes Rawls's deontological contractarian theory of the common good, one paradoxically built on a strong recognition of the radical separateness of desires and ends pursued by diverse human beings, as Rawls presents it in Part Three of TJ .


The invention provides a wind power plant non-mechanism equivalent modeling method and device. With the external characteristics of the whole wind power plant serving as a modeling object, with the grid interconnection point voltage and the input wind speed of the wind power plant respectively serving as the input quantity, and with response to the active power and response to the reactive power of the whole wind power plant respectively serving as the output quantity, a transfer function between the wind power plant response and the grid interconnection point voltage change is built according to a parameter identification method, and a transfer function between the wind power plant response and the wind speed change is built according to the parameter identification method. A complete wind power plant non-mechanism equivalent model is formed by the product of the two transfer functions. By means of the provided method, the process of the power plant equivalent modeling is simplified, the required data size is reduced, and meanwhile the final purpose of power plant equivalent modeling is better achieved, that is, a simple low-order model capable of precisely describing the wind power plant external characteristics is built. The wind power plant non-mechanism equivalent model built through the method can be widely applied to the simulated analysis of electrical power systems including wind power and has good engineering application prospects.


Patient reported experience (PRE) is critical for engagement in hepatitis C (HCV) therapy in hard to reach populations. However, there is no data on patient reported experience with DAA therapy among homeless patients accessing shelters. We assessed PRE with DAA treatment following implementation of HCV therapy within homeless shelters in two diverse regions in the United States. In a study of integrated HCV testing and treatment in four homeless shelters in San Francisco (SF) and Minnesota (MN), 66 patients received DAA therapy from 11/2018-4/2020. PREs were assessed at the end of therapy with constructs: satisfaction with communication with their HCV treatment provider, receipt of social support during therapy, perceived stigma associated with HCV infection, and their overall satisfaction with DAA therapy. Descriptive statistics and factors associated with satisfaction with HCV therapy were assessed. At end of therapy, 41 patients completed the questionnaire (response rate was 62%). Median age was 56 years, 74.4% were men, 44% White (45% Black, 6% Latino), 35% had more than a high school diploma, 65% had a history of IV drug use, 56% had received SUD treatment, and 12% were co-infected with HIV. During DAA treatment, the majority of patients lived in shelters, 37% used illicit drugs, 24% consumed alcohol, and 14% received psychiatric treatment. Patient reported experience with DAA therapy were as follows: 100% agreed or strongly agreed that HCV providers seemed non-judgmental, 98% reported that their provider seemed to care about them, 98% reported that people close to them had been supportive of their care, and 98% were satisfied with their HCV treatment. There were no patient level or clinical predictors associated with PREs of stigma, perceived lack of social support or satisfaction with DAA treatment. In conclusion, nearly all (>95%) homeless patients receiving integrated HCV testing and therapy within homeless shelters felt supported and reported favorable views toward their providers and a high level of satisfaction with DAA treatment. As patient reported experience is key for engagement in HCV therapy, our onsite treatment intervention within shelters can serve as a model of HCV care to enhance treatment uptake in patients experiencing homelessness.


Provided in the present invention is a mobile power supply for implementing a mobile device loss prevention function on the basis of environment identification, comprising a processor, a wireless module, a built-in battery, and a charging/discharging control module. The wireless module is used for communication with a mobile device by means of a wireless network. After the mobile power supply and the mobile device establish a two-way wireless connection allowing for reception and transmission of wireless signals, when the state of the wireless connection between the two is either disconnected or less than a certain predetermined value, or when the wireless module receives a specific instruction, the wireless module transmits and/or receives a control instruction used for prompting a user that the mobile device may have been lost or stolen. Also, the wireless module is used for transmitting and/or receiving a control signal from the mobile device to either shut down or start up a mobile power supply and/or mobile device loss prevention function on the basis of an identification of the environment where the mobile device is located. The charging/discharging control module comprises an interface and controls charging/discharging of the built-in battery. The built-in battery is a rechargeable battery and is used for supplying power to the processor and to the wireless module.


The Bretton Woods system (1944) founded inextricable monetary connections between the U.S. and many countries around the world, including Canada, Australia, and most Western European countries. It enabled the U.S. to build up its monetary hegemony in the world, possessing great influence on the global currency market. Since there were various limitations that existed in the inherent structure of the system and the U.S.'s inabilities to master the global market, the Bretton Woods System collapsed in less than 30 years. Nevertheless, though the Bretton Woods System ended in 1971, the U.S. did not lose its dollar hegemony and still owned considerable advantages in its monetary supremacy. This paper will provide the context of the Bretton Woods System of monetary management. Significantly, I will explore the reasons that gave rise to the U.S.'s continuous monetary hegemony, the pros and cons of dollar hegemony, and its expected challenges.


, T IS OVER twenty years since PU coated fabrics first appeared on the , European market. These were predommantly based on raised woven fabrics that sought to imitate leather in both appearance and properties. In these respects they were more successful than the vinyl leathercloth products which were currently then being used and immediately found acceptance in footwear, clothing, upholstery, bags, leathergoods and in almost all apphca-


Effluents from industries include high levels of toxic heavy metals and are considered to be one of the serious sources of water pollution. Galvanizing, electroplating, tannery, textile, and dye industries are the major sources of heavy metal contaminants. To protect the environment from the toxic effects of the effluents, it is highly necessary to treat this industrial effluent before discharging it into the water bodies. This paper focuses on the critical analysis of conventional separation processes such as adsorption, chemical precipitation, coagulation and flocculation, and membrane separation processes for the separation and recovery of zinc from wastewater. This paper deals with the analysis of effective separation technologies for the removal of zinc from industrial effluent. The advantages and limitations of the technologies for the separation and recovery of zinc have been compared and critically analyzed. This paper also provides the outline of hybrid membrane technology in the ultrafiltration process known as complexation-enhanced ultrafiltration for the separation and recovery of zinc from the aqueous stream.


Summary In the present study, two samples of subjects differing in class and political orientation were tested in a simulated jury situation. The defendant, accused of negligent homicide, varied in the characteristics of race and attractiveness. Mean sentencing of the defendant was found to be a function of the characteristics of the jurors and of the attractiveness of the defendant. No main effect for race of the defendant was found. Further, a significant interaction between the subject sample—i.e. the jurors—and attractiveness of the defendant and between the subject sample and race of the defendant was found. The latter findings were discussed with reference to the child-rearing literature on class differences.


The invention relates to an environment protective type holographical aluminized transferring coating as well as a preparation method and an application thereof. The coating is prepared by adopting the following components and contents (weight percent): 0 to 16 percent of cellulose rein, 0 to 6 percent of chloroacetic resin, 4 to 20 percent of acrylics, 0 to 3 percent of accessory ingredient and 70 to 87 percent of solvent. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of: (1) peeling performance is excellent and holographical aluminized layer transferring is very sufficient; (2) single channel coating only has simple working procedure, high production efficiency and less energy consumption, but also has less coating amount and relative lower cost of the needed coating; (3) the coating layer has good flexibility, is hard to be chapped and the color of the coating is hard to be faded; moreover, the adhesion between the coating and the aluminum layer is quite good; the printing suitability of oil ink is high; (4) a PET basic film peeled off can be recoated and used for a plurality of times, thus reducing the product cost; and (5) the holographical aluminized transferring coating belongs to product of universal grade and has broad application range.


Arthroscopy was planned in a 34 years old woman with indication of grade 2 degeneration on anterior cruciate ligament and on horns of anterior and medial meniscus. 1.3 ml of %0.5 hyperbaric bupivacain and 0.2 ml, 10 mg of meperidin was given from lumbar third vertebrate on the lateral decubitis position. Sensorial block was formed at the level of tenth throcal space unilaterally. Surgery was uneventful for 110 minutes. Patient complained from lip and hand numbness. Trosseau sign was immediately formed. 10 mEq of magnesium and 20 mEq of calcium was given with slow intravenous infusion. Decompensated respiratory alkalosis was seen on arterial blood gases and ionized calcium was measured as 0.83 mEq/l. Organic hypocalcemia disorders were all excluded in our patient. Hypocalcemia crisis caused by respiratory alkalosis was evident in our patient. These patients should be sedated.


We have previously described how to model shape variability by means of point distribution models (TDMs,) in which there is a linear relationship between a set of shape parameters and the positions of points on the shape. This linear formulation can fail for shapes which articulate or bend.' we show examples of such failure for both real and synthetic classes of shape. A new, more general formulation for PDMs, based on polynomial regression, is presented. The resulting Polynomial Regression PDMs (PRPDMsj perform well on the data for which the linear method failed.


Emilio Segre Reading, Massachusetts: W A Benjamin 1911 pp xiv + 966 price $29.50 This new edition of Segre's classic final year and MSc nuclear physics text preserves the goals, mathematical level and spirit of the first edition published over ten years ago. The revisions in part 1, 'Tools', and part 2, 'The nucleus', are, on the whole, restricted to updating numerical data, modernising diagrams and bibliographies, and adding a few new problems.


Abstract Irradiation of isoperezone acetate (4) by ultraviolet light yielded the cycloaddition products 5, 6 and the ene-type product 7.


Novel sensitive voltammetric methods for determination of herbicide metamitron were developed using polished and mercury meniscus-modified silver solid amalgam electrode (p-, m-AgSAE) and boron-doped dia- mond electrode (BDDE). It was found that metamitron yields one analytically utilizable reduction (AgSAEs) and one oxidation (BDDE) signal. All three tested working electrodes connected to different voltammetric techniques were found to be appropriate for the analysis of the her- bicide. The optimum conditions for metamitron determination were ascertained in Britton-Robinson buffer solution of pH 2.0 (m-AgSAE, BDDE) and in 0.05 mol dm -3 H2SO4 (p-AgSAE), respectively, with the limits of detection 3.6 9 10 -8 mol dm -3 (m-AgSAE), 1.0 9 10 -7 mol dm -3 (p-AgSAE), and 1.2 9 10 -6 mol dm -3 (BDDE). Calculated values of relative standard deviations of repeated determinations (n = 5) in various concentration levels of metamitron did not exceed 5 % for either of the tested electrodes. Finally, practical applica- bility of newly proposed methods was verified by the analysis of pesticide preparation and spiked river water.


A system (10) stent delivery, comprising: a guide (12) member having a proximal portion and a distal portion; a stent (20) disposed around the distal portion of the guide member, wherein the stent has a wall having an opening formed therein; a pusher member (14) disposed around the guide member (12) and positioned proximal to the stent (20); and a filament (44) retainer disposed adjacent the aperture and extending toward the proximal portion of the guide member (12), wherein the filament (44) retainer is configured to set so as to releasably position the stent (20) to the pusher member (14), and which can release the filament (44) retaining the stent (20) independently of the movement of the guide member (12); wherein the pusher member (14) has a tube wall having a proximal end and a distal end; characterized in that the pusher member (14) has a light (254) defined in the tube wall extending between the proximal end and the distal end; and wherein at least a portion of the filament (44) extends through retention of light (254).


'This Mess is a Place' examines hoarding and its relationship to collection across disciplines. Art practice and critical theory co-exist with clinical and scientific research, thus creating overlaps and crises of 'usefulness' akin to submersion of materials within a hoard or pursuits of order within collection. The publication is unbound – illogical and precarious, containing loose leaves and nominal filing systems. The reader is ultimately responsible for ordering/dis-ordering the piece.

25 x 19 cm, 205 pages, digital and risograph printing, varied papers, portfolio of pamphlets and loose leaves in a printed card folio.

Artistic projects by Jim Bay (UK); Michel Blazy (FR); Carrie M Becker (USA); Marjolijn Dijkman (NL); Nat Goodden (UK), Jefford Horrigan (UK); Dean Hughes (UK); Mierle Laderman Ukeles (USA); Robert Melee (USA); Zoe Mendelson (UK); Florence Peake (UK); Michael Samuels (UK); Kathryn Spence (USA); Tomoko Takahashi; Robin Waart (NL); Julian Walker (UK) and Laura White (UK).

Essays and documents by Dr. Colin Jones (Senior Lecturer/Researcher in Applied Health and Social Sciences, UK); Dr. Haidy Geismar (lecturer in digital anthropology and material culture, US/UK);Jeremy Gill (urban planner and theorist, AUS); Cecilie Gravesen (artist, curator and writer, UK/Den); Dr. Alberto Pertusa (consultant psychiatrist, UK); Daniel Rourke (artist and researcher, UK); Isobel Hunter (archivist and Head of Engagement at the National Archives, UK); Satwant Singh (nurse practitioner and cognitive behavourial therapist, UK); Nina Folkersma (curator and critic, NL); Alberto Duman (artist, writer, UK).

The publication also includes documentary photography by Paula Salischiker (ARG) and an interview with an anonymous hoarder's daughter.


Through analyzing the forming mechanism of Handan-Wu′an Highway,physical mechanical parameters of rocks are ascertained according to reference data.On the basis,the stability of slumping area and un-slumping area are evaluated using stereographic projection analysis method and mechanical calculation method,thus the judgment can be made.


One of the impacts of climate change on the urban environment is the flood cycle which is significantly difficult to predict. Along with using engineering methods, one more effort that can be conducted is to prepare communities for flood catastrophes in order to address the problem of unpredictable floods in urban settings. The correct technique and approach should be employed to involve residents in a disaster mitigation system. The objective of this study is to provide a co-design framework to assist the agenda for reducing flood disasters in urban settings. The co-design technique is being utilized as a participatory strategy to perform the work objectives of the community-based disaster preparedness community in Solo, Indonesia, according to the preliminary study findings reported in this paper. This study employed a case study method of flood disaster mitigation practices by the SIBAT community. Data analysis administered the interactive model through three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Preliminary results obtained indicate that the local social and cultural context is essential in developing a co-design framework. Therefore, these findings will later become the basis for building a co-design framework for implementing the flood disaster mitigation agenda in Solo


It is important for optometrists to be familiar with these devices and the rationale behind the device chosen. This article describes what each device is, how they work, complications, and postoperative care.


Plasmid DNA can be purified in 20 min using a three-step CsCl gradient in a vertical tube rotor. Ultracentrifugation with discontinuous gradients yields DNA with purity comparable to that obtained with longer isopycnic separations and with columns.


Based on actualities and development of disciplinary librarian system,this paper analizes the importance of setting up the disciplinary libratian system in local university libraries,puts forword the tactics of applying disciplinary libratian system. It also discusses the basic quality of subject librarian.


Vaccination is currently the primary way for mitigating the COVID-19 outbreak without severe lockdown. Despite its importance, the available number of vaccines worldwide is insufficient, and the production rates are hard to be increased in a short time. Therefore, vaccination needs to follow strict prioritization criteria. In this regard, almost all countries have prioritized similar classes of exposed workers: healthcare professionals and the elderly obtaining to maximize the survival of patients and years of life saved. Nevertheless, the virus is currently spreading at high rates, and any prioritization criterion so far adopted did not show to account for the topology of the contact networks. We consider that a network in which nodes are people while the edges represent their contacts may model the virus's spreading efficiently. In such a model, it is already known that spreading may be efficiently stopped by disconnecting the network, i.e., by vaccinating more central or relevant nodes, therefore, eliminating "bridge edges". Consequently, we introduce such a model and discuss the use of a topology-aware versus an age-based vaccination strategy.


The current study was conducted at the Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology of the Health Directorate in Thi- Qar province, during the period from October 2013 to May 2014. The study aimed and evaluate immune status of diabetes type I patients by measuring the levels of  immunoglobulins ( IgM, IgG, IgA ) by single redial immune diffusion (SRID) and the study included test  phagocytic cells on phagocytosis (coefficient  of phagocytosis) and measurement hematological parameters(red blood cells count , hemoglobin, packed cell volume and count the total and differential white blood cells) . The study included a total of 100 patients with type I diabetes (51 males) and (49 females) and  there aged between 1-40 years. Levels were measured in serum immunoglobulins  for 20 a sample of patients with type I diabetes, also examined the levels of immunoglobulins  in the serum of 10 samples from healthy people in the control group. The results of the statistical analysis showed high significant increase  (P ≤ 0.001) in the immunoglobulins in  serum IgM,, IgG IgA in patients with type I diabetes compared with healthy control group . Decrease coefficient phagocytosis was significantly (P ≤ 0.001) in all patients with diabetes mellitus type I compared a group of control, either with respect to the hematological parameters  have explained the results of the current study, the lack of significant differences( P ≤ 0.05) in the rates of the values of the RBCs and Hb and PCV in all patients diabetes type I, compared with the control group, also increased the rate of counting the total of WBCs and count differential cell lymphocytes, eosinophil , basophil, and monocyte  (P ≤ 0.001) in patients with diabetes mellitus type I compared with healthy people in the control group . Key words : T1DM , IgG, IgM, IgA, Phagocytosis, lymphocytes, WBCs count , PCV


This article employs regression techniques in order to gauge the relative importance of causal factors affecting the emergent behaviour of a hybrid dynamical system simulating human behaviour. Extending our previous work, in which the relative importance of causal factors was determined on the basis of classification into two discrete clusters, the target characteristic attribute of the simulation is now represented by a non-negative real number. This enables us to represent the dominant simulation state with higher sensitivity and apply various regression methods: Neural network - Multi-layer perceptron regressor, Radial basis function regressor and M5P regression tree.


In this study,a salt-induced MYB transcription factor gene,TaSIM,was isolated from cDNAs library of wheat leaves under salt stress.The full length TaSIM cDNA is 1 213 bp,including an ORF of 831 bp.This cDNA sequence encoded a polypepide of 276 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 29.903 kD and a basic isoelectric point of 10.12,and two highly conserved SANT domain in the encoded putative protein.The phylogenetic analysis showed that TaSIM has the highest similarity with XP_003576185 from Brachypodium distachyon.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that TaSIM gene was obviously induced by salt stress.Subcellular localization assay indicated the TaSIM-hGFP fusion protein was located in the nucleus.The results suggested that TaSIM transcription factor might be involved in salt stress response of wheat.


In this paper, a panel analysis is employed to investigate the effects of fiscal policies on stock market indexes in 11 members of the Eurozone. Many studies have focused on the effects of monetary policy on the stock market, whereas the number of contributions studying the effects of fiscal policy on the stock market is surprisingly limited. Therefore, we know little, if any, on the sign and stability of the stock market reaction to fiscal policies. Our results show that fiscal policies influence the stock market and that, following an increase (decrease) in public deficit, stock market indexes go down (up). Nevertheless, further analysis shows that the signs of the estimated stock market reactions are not constant over time and that they change according to the surrounding macroeconomic scenario.


The very hard, grey basalt stone on which this inscription is cut was discovered in 1961 by Mr. Shalom Kotzer (of the kibbutz Shā'ar ha-Golān) in shallow water off the southern shore of the Sea of Galilee, near the modern amphitheatre ofTsēmaḥ (Samakh). In 1962 it was moved from the water to the kibbutz by Mr. Kotzer and his son Moshe. A preliminary note on the inscription in Hebrew by the present writer appeared in 'Al ha-Mishmār of 11 January 1963. The inscription consists of eight readable lines insimple Kūfī script, incised on afairly smooth surface. The back of the stone is not worked.


A Specification for a simulation framework for Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) is given. The desired framework is flexible enough to allow the technical expert to build simulations for a broad variety of CAS and accessible enough to be of use to the domain expert. The BASP modeling framework and the Archimedes simulation platform are presented and shown to satisfy the framework specification.


Lonicera edulis is a perennial berry shrub that prefers the cold and wet climate,with high nutritional and medicinal value. In this study,ecological coupling capability of L. edulis with light,heat,water and soil resources in cold regions was investigated to analyze comprehensively ecological effects of quantitative characters and genetic effects of parents,aiming at providing a theoretical basis for the breeding,introduction and domestication of fine varieties of L. edulis in cold regions of China. The results showed that fruit characters in L. edulis exhibited certain variations among different habitat types. To be specific,fruit vertical diameter varied slightly,fruit horizontal diameter varied greatly and seed number varied maximally,with the average variance coefficients of 9. 38%,11. 92% and20. 64%,respectively; in addition,fruit characters in L. edulis exhibited moderate heritability,moderate genetic gain and low level of genetic differentiation; the heritability of fruit vertical diameter,fruit horizontal diameter and seed number was 0. 825,0. 559 and 0. 627,respectively; the genetic gain of these three fruit characters was 7. 53%,5. 72% and 11. 94%,respectively,resulting in significant economical benefits.


Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB), a by-product obtained after juice extraction from the stalks of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) moench) emerging as the new roughage source for ruminants in India. The effect of feeding differently processed SSB based total mixed ration (TMR) on growth and chewing behaviour were studied in 24 graded Murrah buffalo calves distributed randomly into four experimental groups of six animals each in a completely randomized design. Experimental TMR were formulated with SSB and concentrate in 50:50 ratio and processed in to chopped SSB and concentrate (SSBC), mash (SSBM) and expander-extruder pellets (SSBP) and compared with sorghum straw (SS) based TMR formulated in the same roughage to concentrate ratio and processed in to mash form (SSM). Eating, rumination and total chewing time (min/d, min/kg DMI and min/kg NDFI) and number of chews for eating, rumination and total chewing (per d, per kg DMI and per kg NDFI) were higher (P<0.01) in calves fed SSBC ration and lower (P<0.01) in SSBP ration and comparable among SSBM and SSM rations. Sorting and selection of ration against large fibrous particles in favour of concentrate portion of the ration was observed in SSBC ration and was not observed in SSBP, SSBM and SSM rations. Higher (P<0.01) average daily gain (g), lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) and lower (P<0.05) cost of feeding per kg gain were observed in calves fed SSBP ration, while comparable among SSBC, SSBM and SSM rations. From the results it was inferred that SSBP ration decreased the chewing time by 22 and 16 per cent respectively compared to SSBC and SSBM or SSM rations and sorting behaviour in calves was prevented in SSBP, SSBM and SSM rations compared to SSBC ration. SSBP ration also increased the feed intake and growth rate and decreased the cost/kg weight gain by 16, 14 and 30 per cent in buffalo calves compared to feeding of SSBC, SSBM and SSM rations, respectively


Fig. 2 represents the under surface, which contains the cavity of the pipe and the ornamental (?) markings. The hole for the stem is well drilled, of a smooth bore, and inclined at the angle given in the sketch. This unique specimen was found some thirty years since, by a friend of mine, on the present site of the village of Fairview on the Susquehanna, in close proximity to an old Indian burying ground. HARVEY B. BASHORE. West Fairview, Pa., Jan. 5.


The contribution of the modular multilevel converter (MMC) in integrating non-conventional energy sources into the grid is significant; the integration of fuel cells with distributed energy sources is especially prominent as they provide a constant voltage and current for constant load applications. Still, there is a high demand for a high-quality power conditioning unit since there is an occurrence of frequent power spikes. Further, the circulating current (CC) in phase legs is an inherent phenomenon of MMC that must be mitigated. Hence, this article proposed an MMC incorporating a fuzzy logic controller (FLC)-based technique to control the circulating currents. The fuzzy controller effectively reduced the harmonics of the CC in the dc-link system. In addition, phase-shifted carrier (PSC) modulation was employed for the MMC to improve the capacitor voltage balancing to maintain the constant input voltage. Moreover, a mathematical analysis of PSC modulation for MMC was performed to identify the PWM harmonic characteristics of the output voltage and the CC. The performance analysis of the proposed system was tested using the hardware in loop (HIL) simulation with the help of the real-time simulator OP-5700 to verify the feasibility.


Two unique nanosized Nd3+-substituted selenotungstates Na9K8{[W3Nd2(H2O)3(NO3)O6](B-α-SeW9O33)2(α-Se2W14O52)}·35H2O (1) and [H2N(CH3)2]7H9Na4{[W2Nd2(H2O)8O6(OH)2(β-Se2W14O52)][W3Nd2(H2O)6O7(B-α-SeW9O33)2]2}·84H2O (2) were prepared by reacting NaSeO3, Na2WO4·2H2O with Nd(NO3)3·6H2O in aqueous solution by controlling different cations and pH values. 1 was synthesized at pH = 4.3 in the presence of KCl, whereas 2 was synthesized at pH = 3.0 in the presence of [H2N(CH3)2]·Cl. The most striking structural feature of 1 and 2 is the coexistence of vacant Keggin and Dawson segments in the polyoxoanion, which is extremely rare in the field of polyoxometalate chemistry. The trimeric polyoxoanion of 1 can be perceived as a fusion of one α-type tetravacant Dawson [α-Se2W14O52]14- unit and two trivacant Keggin [B-α-SeW9O33]8- segments sealing a trigonal bipyramid pentanuclear [W3Nd2(H2O)3(NO3)O6]11+ cluster, while the pentameric polyoxoanion of 2 can be described as one β-type tetravacant Dawson [β-Se2W14O52]14- fragment and four trivacant Keggin [B-α-SeW9O33]8- segments anchoring a saddle-shaped [W8Nd6(H2O)20O20(OH)2]24+ cluster. In addition, the measurements of catalytic oxidation of aromatic thioethers show that 2 as a catalyst possesses extremely outstanding catalytic performance under mild reaction conditions.


The conventional method of determining trap capture cross sections by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) of semiconductors involves observing the DLTS peak amplitude as a function of filling pulse duration. Pulses that are inconveniently short and time‐consuming experimental measurements may be required. A method is proposed that involves observing the DLTS peak amplitude change as the observation rate window (t2−t1) is varied for a fixed‐duration filling pulse. This gives consistent results for the capture cross section and its dependence on temperature. Analysis of the technique is given and a comparison between theory and experiment is presented for two electron traps in bulk n‐GaAs. For the trap at EC‐ 0.215 eV, σ∞ is 2.3×10−15 cm2 and the activation energy from σ(T)=σ∞  exp(−Eσ /kT) is 0.116±0.003 eV. For the trap at EC ‐0.35 eV, the cross section σ∞ is 1.0×10−13 cm2 and the activation energy is 0.200±0.025 eV. Large variations of cross section with temperature such as these have been reported ...


The work of Hélène Cixous reflects an unremitting engagement with the representation of subjectivity and intersubjective relationships, proferring '...possibilities of social and subjective transformations'. 1 This engagement is central to Cixous' theatre, and indeed developments in Cixous' representation of the self and other can be charted through her theatre.


Oncolytic virotherapy has been tested in numerous early phase clinical studies. However, the antitumor activity of oncolytic viruses thus far has been limited. Numerous strategies are being explored to enhance their antitumor activity by activating the adaptive arm of the immune system. We reasoned that it might also be possible to engineer oncolytic viruses to redirect tumor‐associated macrophages to tumor cells for therapeutic benefit. We engineered an oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV) to disrupt the CD47/SIRPα interaction by expressing a chimeric molecule that consists of the ectodomain of SIRPα and the Fc domain of IgG4 (SIRPα‐Fc‐VV). SIRPα‐Fc‐VV readily replicated in tumor cells and redirected M1 as well as M2 macrophages to tumor cells in vitro. In contrast, control VVs that either encoded YFP (YFP‐VV) or SIRPα (SIRPα‐VV) did not. In vivo, SIRPα‐Fc‐VV had greater antitumor activity than YFP‐VV and SIRPα‐VV in an immune competent osteosarcoma model resulting in a significant survival advantage. Pretreatment with cytoxan further augmented the antitumor activity of SIRPα‐Fc‐VV. Thus, arming oncolytic viruses with SIRPα‐Fc may present a promising strategy to enhance their antitumor activity for the virotherapy of solid tumors.


This paper pithily examines the question : can today's economist enter African and chiefly Nigerian culture to soften the notion that culture and resort to colonialism impede development? The question as it is purports an ideological view seeking a sensible perspective. Of all today's African nations, and more particularly home Nigeria, the mere fact that a sovereign state consists of diverse ethnic nationalities with varying unequal powers mattered at independence granting, and at reinventing cultural colonialism. It is not that African nation-states, such as Nigeria in name is wrong but the type of "badly structured Nigerian federation" (Chief Emeka Ojukwu) handed over to the cultural space, lives with a lopsided political independence, and moreover, a more asymmetrical cultural-economic dependence on the granting colonialist. Dr. Jude Uwalaka writing in his new book The Struggle for Inclusive Nigeria ... (2003) states this dilemma succinctly "... Britain used its military power to bring together the incompatible" and since after independence Nigerian ethnic component parts have been engaged in various wars of to be or not to be. That is, cultural economic and political models to hold the parts together have always been challenged through force-policies of the advantaged and the disadvantaged, de-ethnicization and penchant for the un-ethnic, and because from the beginning it lacked consultation and agreement. "Entering the cultural economist" posted on this column (nigeriaworld.com, October 22, 2003) (see also response to a rejoinder - October 31, 2003), sounds to me conceptual for development rethinking and call for spaces of change.


This paper focuses on fatigue specifications for steel bridging in military structures. The research described herein has been conducted by the Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Fatigue specifications, on the whole, are based on the bounds or confidence limits of laboratory SN relationships for specific details and materials. The SN equations are based on test results of experiments performed that relate life in loading cycles to constant amplitude stress/strain ranges. Based on the concepts of first order reliability theory and state-of-the-art knowledge in fatigue analysis, a procedure for the development of criteria for design against fatigue is given. The underlying precepts of the procedure are described.


Minute turriform conoideans comprise a considerable fraction of the taxonomically undescribed diversity of marine mollusks. Species of the genus Lienardia Jousseaume, 1884, extremely diverse in shallow water tropical marine communities, have long been overlooked by taxonomists and a high proportion of them remain undescribed to date. Development of a specialized collection technique, based on deployment of lumun-lumun nets have provided a vast amount of material on this group and enabled several new species to be distinguished. Examination of material from the Philippines and other regions of tropical Indo-Pacific revealed five new species of the genus Lienardia , which are being described as L . acrolineata , L . grandiradula , L . multicolor , L . roseangulata , and L . tagaroae . Examination of radulae in described species of the genus Lienardia showed unexpected morphologic diversity. It suggests that either rapid morphological specialization of Lienardia species had taken place in the evolution of the genus, or similarity of shells in Lienardia species is possibly convergent.


A final-year undergraduate project in error-control coding is discussed. The project consists of the study, software implementation and computer simulation of turbo codes using two different decoding approaches, the Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) and Soft-Output Viterbi Algorithm (SOVA). It combines theory with computer-aided design and provides hands-on experience in the field of channel coding.


Should we publish a department of questions and answers in "Occupations, the Vocational Guidance Magazine"? The editorial board, before answering that one, asked one of its members to answer another; "What questions, or what kind of questions, are you most frequently asked?" Dr. Kitson, as all our readers know, is a leading teacher, writer and consultant on vocational guidance.


New ring silicates Cs4Tm2[Si4O12](OH)2 and Cs4(Tm,Tb)2[Si4O12](OH)2 have been synthesized by the hydrothermal method. A structural analogy is revealed between them and the previously studied silicates K4Sc2(OH)2(Si4O12) and K2Sc[Si2O6]F. Their crystal structures are identified as orthorhombic merohedral twins by the lost element of tetragonal symmetry. The structures of new ring silicates are related to those of fresnoite and tetragonal melilite. DOI: 10.1134/S1063774523010054


Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly malignancy refractory to most therapies, including immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Autophagy is a highly conserved self-degradation process that recycles cellular components. PDAC requires high levels of autophagy/lysosome function to meet their metabolic demand under nutrient-deprived conditions; however, little is known about substrates that are preferentially targeted and subsequent biologic impacts of their loss on PDAC pathogenesis. Here we found that cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules, a critical component of antigen-presentation to CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), is downregulated in PDAC cells though an autophagy-dependent pathway. Autophagy inhibition in PDAC cells restored surface MHC-I levels and improved antigen presentation, leading to enhanced antitumor T-cell response in syngeneic mouse models of PDAC, which was further enhanced by combination with ICB. Our findings indicate that elevated autophagy/lysosome function facilitates immune evasion of PDAC cells through selective targeting of MHC-I molecules and provide a rationale for the combination of autophagy inhibition and ICB as a therapeutic strategy against PDAC. This abstract is also being presented as Poster B61. Citation Format: Keisuke Yamamoto, Anthony Venida, Doug E. Biancur, Miwako Yamamoto-Kakiuchi, Albert P. Sohn, Rushika M. Perera, Alec C Kimmelman. Autophagy facilitates immune evasion of pancreatic cancer through downregulation of MHC class I molecules [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2019 Sept 6-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PR05.


The McGurk illusion occurs when listeners hear an illusory percept (i.e., "da"), resulting from mismatched pairings of audiovisual (AV) speech stimuli (i.e., auditory/ba/paired with visual/ga/). Hearing a third percept—distinct from both the auditory and visual input—has been used as evidence of AV fusion. We examined whether the McGurk illusion is instead driven by visual dominance, whereby the third percept, e.g., "da," represents a default percept for visemes with an ambiguous place of articulation (POA), like/ga/. Participants watched videos of a talker uttering various consonant vowels (CVs) with (AV) and without (V-only) audios of/ba/. Individuals transcribed the CV they saw (V-only) or heard (AV). In the V-only condition, individuals predominantly saw "da"/"ta" when viewing CVs with indiscernible POAs. Likewise, in the AV condition, upon perceiving an illusion, they predominantly heard "da"/"ta" for CVs with indiscernible POAs. The illusion was stronger in individuals who exhibited weak/ba/auditory encoding (examined using a control auditory-only task). In Experiment2, we attempted to replicate these findings using stimuli recorded from a different talker. The V-only results were not replicated, but again individuals predominately heard "da"/"ta"/"tha" as an illusory percept for various AV combinations, and the illusion was stronger in individuals who exhibited weak/ba/auditory encoding. These results demonstrate that when visual CVs with indiscernible POAs are paired with a weakly encoded auditory/ba/, listeners default to hearing "da"/"ta"/"tha"—thus, tempering the AV fusion account, and favoring a default mechanism triggered when both AV stimuli are ambiguous.


According to"the Regulations on Planning and Building the Road Project With Steel",there are no count way or project plan in the structure of net shape with steel.A big pattern box was planned to do the long size pull test with steel.It included the single row shape test,the whole row shape test and net shape pull test with steel.According to the test result,two ways of pull quality regulations are obtained.It hopes to offer a theory accordance in the count way,project planning and building regulations.


The scientific development approach is a human-oriented,overall,coordinated and sustainable approach on development.It is not only the continuation,but also the perfection and development of Deng Xiaoping develop- ment theory.To study and research into such development theory has great significance for better understanding Deng Xiaoping theory and following the scientific development approach.


Summary C. F. Gauss discovered a beautiful formula for the number of irreducible polynomials of a given degree over a finite field. Using just very basic knowledge of finite fields and the inclusion-exclusion formula, we show how one can see the shape of this formula and its proof almost instantly.


The scale and pattern of variation of continuous spatial variables are often difficult to identify. The semi-variogram of regionalized variable theory provides a precise solution once the approximate scale of spatial variation is known. The latter can be determined economically over several orders of magnitude by a nested analysis of variance where stages incorporate spatial scale. The method can become cumbersome if many stages are required, and an unbalanced design is described that enables many stages to be examined with a reasonable number of sampling points. The methods are illustrated with examples from a soil survey in the Midlands of England.


A cold atmospheric pressure plasma source, called hairline plasma, for biological and medical applications has been developed. Using the physical effect of the negative dc corona discharge, a nanosecond pulsed microplasma has been created. The device produces a very thin (d∼30 μm) plasma filament with a length of up to 1.5 cm. Due to this geometrical parameters this plasma is particularly suitable for the treatment of microscopic cavities. The low plasma temperature allows to treat the human skin without any heating or painful irritation.


In terms of residential electricity consumption and electricity as the research background,the specific methods which use assembly language to realize 32-bit binary-decimal conversion are creatively put forward,and the corresponding code is also provided.It has important significance for more digits binary-decimal conversion based on assembly language in the future.


In the village of Aranmula, Kerala, an extraordinary metal mirror is traditionally made of delta high-tin bronze, i.e. a binary copper–tin alloy of high tin content consisting almost entirely of the delta phase (d), which is an intermetallic compound (Cu31Sn8) of composition 32.6% tin. This is an ideal alloy to polish into a mirror due to the silvery colour and high hardness. The presence of this
delta phase is optimized, and its high brittleness offset by a clever casting and polishing process. This article puts together new insights based on the authors' field and technical investigations on how this mirror is skillfully made using low-technology, organic and everyday materials to get a sophisticated high-technology end-product.


Oxidation of tienilic acid (TA) by microsomes of yeast expressing two closely related human liver cytochrome P-450s (P450), P450 2C9 and 2C10, led to catalysis-dependent loss of activity of these P450s. Under identical conditions, oxidation of a tienilic acid isomer (TAI) failed to give any P450 inactivation. The loss of P450 activity during TA oxidation was concomitant with product (5-hydroxytienilic acid, 5-OHTA) formation, showed pseudo-first-order and saturation kinetics, and was inhibited by an alternative substrate, tolbutamide. Covalent binding of TA metabolites to microsomal proteins occurred in parallel with enzyme inactivation and was partially inhibited by the presence of glutathione in the reaction medium. However, glutathione did not protect P450 enzyme from inactivation. Thus, TA exhibited all of the characteristics of a mechanism-based inactivator for P450 2C9 and 2C10 enzymes. The following kinetic parameters were determined in the case of P450 2C10: t1/2,max = 3.4 min, k(inact) = 3.6 10(-3) s-1, KI = 4.3 microM, k(inact)/KI = 813 L mol-1 s-1, and partition ratio = 11.6. Moreover, a specific covalent binding of 0.9 mol of TA metabolite per mole of P450 2C10 was found to occur before the complete loss of enzyme activity (in incubations performed in the presence of glutathione). A plausible mechanism for P450 2C10 (2C9) inactivation during TA oxidation is proposed. It involves the intermediate formation of an electrophilic thiophene sulfoxide, which may react at position 5 of its thiophene ring either with H2O to give 5-OHTA or with a nucleophilic group of an amino acid residue of the P450 active site, which results in its covalent binding to P450 protein. This alkylation and inactivation of P450 2C9 (2C10) by TA could be a starting point for the appearance of anti-P450 2C antibodies detected in patients treated with TA and suffering from immunoallergic hepatitis.


In this work the stress-temperature phase diagrams of a cubic ferromagnet with positive constant anisotropy and an external elastic stress along [001] axis are investigated.


The increasing demand of multimedia applications has spurred recent interest in end-to-end congestion control for real-time applications. However, all these mechanisms proposed so far try to provide smooth sending rate and be friendly to TCP. They have paid little attention to the characteristics that distinguish a real-time application from a non-real-time service. The works on equal and unequal protection multimedia transmission through FEC (forward error correction) encoding show that, there are many different structures in an encoded multimedia stream with different importance in the media restoration. In order to protect these different structures of different importance in the transport layer instead of in application layer through FEC a coupon based AIMD (CAIMD, coupon based additive-increase multiplicative-decrease) algorithm is proposed in this paper. In this algorithm, a coupon is attached to each sending packet to indicate the importance of the message carried in this packet. The network services packets differently according to the coupon value attached on them. In order to make CAIMD TCP friendly, the "linear" increase slope in CAIMD is dynamically changed with the importance of the message carried in a sending packet. Theoretical analysis and simulations carried in this paper show that CAIMD is capable of providing different protection in the packet level with a fine granularity, which opens a new means to optimize the QoS of media streams in network transportation. In additional, CAIMD is friendly to TCP flow as well.


Psychological interrelation between the base odors (according to Amoore) and the base emotional states of human beings (according to Ekman) is established. The subjects were offered samples of the basic odors. Their task was to associate these odors with one of the proposed basic emotions. The analysis of variance showed the significant association of putrid odor with the emotion of disgust, the odor of mint with the emotion of surprise, and the odor of musk with the emotion of anger. Other odors can cause two or three emotions. Based on the theoretical analysis, the article proposes to associate flowery odor with the emotion of joy, the odor of fruit with the emotion of pleasure, the pungent odor with the emotion of fear, and the odor of camphor with the emotion of sadness. Hypothesis of the existence of olfactory-emotional language allowing to create the emotional tone of the odor of any object, is offered.


Objective To investigate the methods and treatment outcome for repairing severe forearm and hand impairment.Methods Thirty-six cases of severe forearm and hand impairment were treated with microsurgery techniques to repair and reconstruct the injured tissues.Among 36 cases,18 cases were given blood supply repairing,5 cases pedicled flaps,23 cases free flaps and 6 cases combined flaps,respectively.Results After 6 months to 8 years follow-up with an average of 20 months,the functional recovery of the injured forearm and hand had an excellent result of 83.3%.Conclusion The microsurgical method is a useful procedure to repair the blood supply and reconstruct the function in one stage or by stages so that the damaged limb which may be cut off will be survived.


Abstract A tandem approach was developed for the efficient synthesis of substituted chromeno[4,3-b]quinolines from arylamines and O-cinnamyl salicylaldehydes under metal-catalyst- and photosensitizer-free reaction conditions. Our protocol is based on an inexpensive I2/DMSO system in which molecular iodine first acts as a Lewis acid to promote the formation of the corresponding imine bearing the alkene moiety; then, this species fulfills a second role by catalyzing an intramolecular aza-Diels–Alder cycloaddition to generate the respective tetrahydrochromenoquinoline as an intermediate. Finally, the dual behavior of DMSO as an oxidant and as a solvent proved crucial at this stage, allowing the regeneration of I2 and promoting the aromatization of the tetrahydrochromenoquinoline intermediates to yield the desired 7-aryl-6H-chromeno[4,3-b]quinolines. This protocol is mild and easy to perform, features high step-economy (tandem process) and provides a new access to biologically important nitrogen- and oxygen-containing heterocyclic molecules.


With a recent trend of possible trade war between the United States and China, international trade has become a hot topic and played a more important role in political world as well as for academic research. This study uses a fixed effect model with panel data from 2008 to 2016 and analyzes what affects the trade imbalance between the United States and China. The study especially focuses on the influence of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on the trade deficit between the two countries. A state-level analysis is added in the construction of empirical model to increase the number of total observation and determine the effects of key variables. The state-fixed effects will control for other state-invariant factors. The study concludes that FDI has a significant influence on the reduction of trade deficits. It could achieve this function through the increase of total imports and therefore reduce trade deficits. In addition, GDP also has a non-negligible influence on trade imbalance status that we should take into consideration for potential policy recommendations. The study gives policy recommendations for both sides: China should continue to seek long-term and efficient communication with the United States, while the U.S. ought to treat China equally in the market and also maintain a stable financial and economic environment.


Objective To observetheeffectsoftruncationandinversionprescriptiononcontentoftumornecrosisfactor-α(TNF-α)inserum andhepatictissueandexpressionoftumornecrosis factor receptor 1(TNFR1) in hepatic tissue for acute-on-chronic liver failure(ALCF) model rats and then analyze its part of action mechanisms on intervention for ACLF.Methods One hundred and fifty Wistar rats were divided into a normal group,a model group and a Chinese medicine group.The rat model of liver cirrhosis or fibrosis was immunologically induced by human serum albumin and then D-galactosamine(D-GaLN) combined with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) were one-off intraperitoneal injected to make an acute attack and establish the rat model of ACLF.The Chinese medicine group was treated by intragastric administration with prescription of truncation and inversion for 3 consecutive days before the acute attack.The rats were sacrificed by anesthesia at the 4th,8th and 12th hour after the acute attack,respectively.The content of TNF-α in serum and hepatic tissue of rats in each group was detected by ELISA method,while the expression intensity of TNFR1 in hepatic tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with the normal group,the content of TNF-α in serum and hepatic tissue and integrated optical density(IOD) of TNFR1 in hepatic tissue were increased in the model group at every time point,which had a significant difference(P0.05);Compared with the model group at corresponding time point,the content of TNF-α in serum and hepatic tissue and expression of TNFR1 in hepatic tissue were lowered in the Chinese medicine group,which was especially obvious at 4th and 8th hour under comprehensive comparison(P 0.05).Conclusion The reduction of TNF-α content in serum and hepatic tissue,suppression of TNFR1 expression in hepatic tissue,prevention of the dead signal transduction,and inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis might be one of action mechanisms for truncation and inversion prescription to intervene in ACLF.


Abstract The starting point of this story is a question whose answer will be perhaps that Hidden Name of our Story which is its title. The question is: Whose is the story? And this question — whose is the story? — refers both to the subject narrated by the story and the subject who narrates it. In fact, like any story, this story is going to tell something not only about its protagonist, but also about its author. To find its own subject, the story will proceed by successive stages, looking for it in different places, and putting forward different answers to the question: Whose is the story? This story will be, thus, a narrative discovery of its own subject and name.


On the basis of nonlinear features analysis of restoring torque, damping torque and especially hull deformation, a nonlinear roll equation of rotary molding boats has been established. The equation includes elastic deformation term which differs from existing ones usually borrowing ideas of steel boats. By numerical simulation, it's found roll frequency and velocity increase when elastic deformation occurs, i.e. the roll stability margin shrinks which can underlie how to amend the stability evaluation criteria on rotary molding boats.


A method for cleaning and treating a surface of a vehicle, said method comprising the steps of: (a) applying a cleaning solution to at least part of the surface of a vehicle, said cleaning composition comprising a polymer which is capable of converting the surface cleaned hydrophilic; (B) optionally contacting said portion of the surface of the vehicle with the cleaning solution thereon and agitating the cleaning solution to loosen dirt on the surface of the vehicle; (C) rinsing the portion of the surface of the vehicle to remove at least some of the cleaning solution; (D) at least partially removing any residue-forming substance remaining on the surface of the vehicle, if any residue-forming substance in the part of the vehicle surface is; (E) applying a coating composition to said part of the vehicle surface, said coating composition comprising a photoactive nanoparticles cantidadeficaz not to provide the vehicle surface the desired hydrophilicity, or a polymer; (F) allowing the coating composition to dry on the surface of the vehicle before the vehicle surface contact with water; wherein said polymer capable of converting the cleaned hydrophilic surface is a soluble or water-dispersible copolymer comprising, as polymerized units (1) at least one monomeric compound of general formula I: (see formula) in which : - R1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl or ethyl group; - R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6, which are identical or different, are alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or aminoalkyl C1-C6, preferably C1-C4, linear or branched; - m is an integer from 0 to 10, preferably 0 to 2; - n is an integer from 1 to 6, preferably 2 to 4; - Z represents a Oo C (O) NH- -C (O) or an oxygen atom; - A represents a (CH2) p, p being an integer from 1 to 6, preferably 2 to 4; - B represents a polymethylene chain C2-C12, advantageously C3-C6, linear or branched and optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms or heterogroups, in particular O or NH, and optionally substituted by one or more hydroxyl or amino groups, preferably hydroxyl groups; - X, which are identical or different, represent counterions; (2) at least one hydrophilic monomer carrying a functional group of acid type which is copolymerizable with (1) and capable of being ionized in the application medium; (3) optionally at least one monomer compound with ethylenic unsaturation with a neutral charge which is copolymerizable with (1) and (2), preferably a compound monomeric ethylenically unsaturated hydrophilic with a neutral charge, carrying one or more hydrophilic groups, which is copolymerizable with (1) and (2).


A dual-frequency triangular microstrip patch antenna is described, where the dual-frequency operation is realized by loading a rectangular notch at the bottom side of a triangular patch. Moreover, a new organic magnetic material recently developed in China is adopted as the substrate, resulting in a size-reduction of 32% as compared to a regular patch antenna, and it has wider bandwidths for both bands. Simulation and experimental results are presented, showing the validity of this design.


ter, "Tragical Mirth: Framing Shakespeare's Hippolyta," Schwarz explores the paradoxical weight of the "defeated Amazon" whose nuptials frame A Midsummer Night's Dream and who seems to "encapsulate . . . the right relations of gender and the government of desire" (207), but whose presence also signals the ongoing process of suppression necessary to heterosexual comic conclusions. However, in The Two Noble Kinsmen, Schwarz observes in her Epilogue,"the perversity of amazonian endings becomes fully clear. Heterosexual desire breaks up a homosocial utopia; heroic masculinity is selfdestructive in its triumph; the winner dies, and the loser gets the Amazon" (238). Tough Love is a skillfully crafted and inventive example of current critical practice, with a strong theoretical framework, adroit integration of contemporary writing and a broad range of early modern texts, and discerning readings of the Amazonian canon from Knox to Plutarch. Moreover, Tough Love is enlivened by a nimble, raffish wit: "The Faerie Queene," Schwarz observes drily, "is a world of arm candy" (161). A certain inevitability in argument, assumptions, and trajectory is characteristic of the critical genre, but in its fresh, resourceful readings and energetic textual decoupage, Tough Love provides a buoyant addition to the scholarship on Amazons and a felicitous contribution to an understanding of the reproduction of female eroticism in the Renaissance.


These coatings phase separate into a soft, rubbery top layer formed by the PDMS, while the polyurethane will form a tough lower layer. Isocyanate may also react with residual hydroxyl groups on the epoxy corrosion primer providing improved adhesion. It is expected that the properties of the polyurethane coating sublayer will have a major effect on the fouling-release properties of the system. Acrylic polyols have been favored for most aliphatic polyurethane systems because of their superior weathering, low cost, hydrolytic stability, and low isocyanate demand. 2 The goal of this research was to synthesize acrylic polyol libraries of varying composition, characterize and formulate into a PDMS-acrylic urethane coating, which were then tested for their mechanical, physical, and performance properties. Experimental Reagents. n-Butyl acrylate (BA), butyl methacrylate (BMA), and 2hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), were obtained from Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI). Toluene was obtained from VWR and purified by a solvent purification system. The initiator, 2-azobis (2-methylbutanenitrile) (Vazo 67) was obtained from Dupont (Belle, WV). A 10% solution of Vazo 67 in purified toluene was prepared for synthesis and used without further purification. Aliphatic polyisocyanate Tolonate HDT 90 was obtained from Rhodia (Cranbury, NJ). DABCO K-15 was obtained from Air products (Allentown, PA), and 2,4pentanedione was obtained from Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI). Polyurethane grade methyl n-amyl ketone (MAK) was supplied by Eastman Chemical (Kingsport, TN). 10,000 MW (3-amino propyl) terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane) was synthesized and used as prepared. 8 A stock solution of 0.75 wt. % DABCO K15 in MAK was used to prepare formulations. All other reagents were used as received. Acrylic Polyol Synthesis. In order to provide a range of Tgs and crosslink densities, a library of acrylic polyols was designed based on BA, BMA and HEA. A range of hydroxyl equivalent weights were obtained by adjusting the weight percent of HEA from 15 to 40 wt.% with the balance of the formulation consisting of BA plus three ratios of BA and BMA, as shown in Figure 1.


The origin of the splitting of the 2Δ states arising from the σπ2 configuration is studied. For light diatomic molecules, the splitting is shown to arise from the spin–other–orbit interaction which gives a small negative value for the spin–orbit coupling constant A. Non-empirical calculations of A for the 2Δ states of the CH, NH+, and NO molecules are in good agreement with experiment. In heavier molecules, the spin–other–orbit interaction becomes negligible and the second-order spin–orbit effect is dominant.


Datatype-generic programming is a widely used technique to define functions that work regularly over a class of datatypes. Examples include deriving serialization of data, equality or even functoriality. The state-of-the-art of generic programming still lacks handling GADTs, multiple type variables, and some other features. This paper exploits modern GHC extensions, including TypeInType, to handle arbitrary number of type variables, constraints, and existentials. We also provide an Agda model of our construction that does not require Russel's paradox, proving the construction is consistent.


Panagrellus redivivus, Caenorhabditis elegans, Prionchulus punctatus, Aphelenchus avenae and Ditylenchus dipsaci were stained for cholinesterase activity using the 'direct-colouring' thiocholine method. Enzyme activity was concentrated in the region of the nerve ring in each species. Ultrasonic pretreatment of intact or cut nematodes was found to greatly improve the staining consistency at the nerve ring, and using two substrates (acetylthiocholine and butyrylthiocholine) and three inhibitors (eserine, BW 284C51, and iso-OMPA) this staining was found to be due to acetylcholinesterase (E.C. 22.214.171.124) activity.


To develop insulating and diffusion preventing barrier coatings for flexible thin film solar cells, the properties of SiOx and SiNy layers must be improved. The SiOx coatings are deposited in a HMDSO-O2, the SiNy coatings in a SiH4-NH3 microwave plasma, which is generated by a linear expanded plasma source called Duo-Plasmaline. This PECVD-deposition process is sustained by a substrate bias in the range of 50-250 kHz. Hence, the particle flux on the substrate and the energy of the impinging ions can be regulated independently. Basic investigations on model substrates with a well defined surface structure in the μm-range show the influence of the applied substrate bias on the layer growth especially at positions of indentations on the substrate surface. This is shown by analyzing the breaking edge of the substrates in the scanning electron microscope. The applied bias voltage causes a better filling of indentations with the coating as well as a melting of the layer surface over cracks. This way the number of pinholes in the barrier coating can be reduced. Additionally, the experimental results of the profile of the layer growth on the model substrates are compared with simulations based on the SDTrimSP-2D [1, 2] Monte-Carlo code. For this purpose a simple system of a-Si:H-layers deposited in a pure silane plasma is used. From these simulations, values of the particle flux and the an gle of incident can be obtained, for example. First results of this comparison will be presented. The variations in the molecular composition of the deposited SiOx and SiNy layers with increasing bias voltage are analyzed with FTIR-spectroscopy and the results are correlated with the material properties like adhesion, flexibility and diff usion behaviour. Differences in the spectra can be observed only for SiOx layers with organic compounds as well as for SiNy layers with a low nitrogen ratio. This work was partly funded by the BMBF under the contract number FKZ 03SF0321C.


The spatial patterns of feces deposition have been well studied in many terrestrial organisms, while few studies have examined these behaviors in marine fishes. Territorial animals tend to feed within their respective territories. Thus, individuals are faced with the decision of defecating within their territory, where they live and feed, or outside where they are potentially more susceptible to predation. In this study, we conducted behavioral observations on three species of damselfishes to quantify defecation rates and to investigate the spatial distribution of defecation events relative to territory location on Caribbean coral reefs. Defecation rates were low in the early morning and steadily increased throughout the day, peaking in the late afternoon. All 108 observed defecation events occurred outside of the territory. Additionally, 73% of individuals (n = 52) utilized the same location in successive defecation events, which is a significant departure from what would be expected were they defecating in randomly selected locations. Daily defecation rates follow previously determined rates for diurnal coral reef fishes and are closely linked to feeding behavior. However, the spatial patterns of damselfish defecation are likely related to territory maintenance, predator avoidance, or parasite avoidance. This is only the second study to investigate the spatial distribution of fecal matter in damselfishes.


This appendix is organized as follows. Section A examines our model's implication for the risk and return on equity, in particular, on how beta changes with the firm's cash holdings. Section B studies the comparative statics of the stationary cash-capital ratio distributions. Section C calculates the endogenous average financing costs. Section D presents a model that endogenizes the credit line limit, and Section E illustrates the stationary distribution for the general case where the firm has access to a credit line. Finally, Section F derives the boundary conditions and outlines our numerical procedure.


Abstract Paper has been used in the field of hygiene for centuries. Tissue papers have low grammage, creped or non-creped surface, and consisting of one or more layers from virgin papers. Toilet paper, which has an important area of use, comes at the beginning of the tissue papers divided into various product groups. Its use has increased even more with the effect of the coronavirus pandemic. Increasing use of toilet paper causes clogging in sewers as solid waste. Because an important and large part of the sewage is composed of cellulosic structures. Therefore, the disintegration of toilet paper is an important issue. The main properties of toilet paper are characterized by grammage, thickness, polymerization degree, softness and wet tensile strength. This study, it was aimed to determine the relationship between the degree of polymerization, thickness, grammage, softness and wet tension strength of toilet papers, which accumulate in the sewer pipes and cause clogging, and their disintegration in tap water and pure water at environment of different pH levels. A great level and positive linear relationship was found between grammage and in disintegration pH9. It was determined a low level and positive relationship with wet tensile strength in disintegration tap water.


Reparations as an instrument of international peace settlements were abandoned after the failure of Germany to pay its post World War I indemnity. However, reparations played a useful role in the construction of earlier peace treaties. This paper examines the payment of reparations by the French after the Napoleonic Wars. By most measures, these reparations were the largest ever fully paid; and they imposed a high cost on the economy in terms of lost output and consumption and diminished capital stock. The incentives to pay were appropriately set and payment permitted France to be accepted once again as an equal among the great powers.


The utility model discloses an ultra-wide band passive keyless enter, starting and blocking device, comprising a vehicle key, a main controller, a door lock sensor, a starting/stopping button, a seat sensor, and a vehicle body antenna array. The door lock sensor, the starting/stopping button, the seat sensor, and the vehicle body antenna array are all connected to the main controller through a vehicle body circuit. The ultra-wide band passive keyless enter, starting and blocking device is advantageous in that an ultra-wide band signal is adopted to conduct an accurate positioning on a vehicle key; based on every triggering motion of a driver, the vehicle key position and information of passenger positions can be detected; a combined determination mode is adopted to control a vehicle door locking, starting and alarming system; the vehicle key can record and store information that a driver is interested in and vehicle dynamic information; accidents due to misjudgement by the main controller or maloperation by a person can be prevented.