This paper presents the results of a research study carried out within the framework of a European project aimed at developing a methodological model for media and digital skills training of teachers. The study was conducted as part of a program for Teacher Education in Primary School at the University of Flor-ence and allowed authors to reflect on how to arrange blended learning solutions suitable to be transferred to other contexts, with the perspective to reduce stu-dents' drop-out phenomenon. The approach here presented relies on evaluation tools focusing on self-assessment accompanied by the use of worked example. In fact, one of the major challenges that the project has faced was related to the design of tools enabling to provide adequate feedback to the participants, despite the large number of students. In parallel, the solution allowed participants to develop their digital skills «on the field», by participating in a largely digitized educational experience.


Contemporary photography has hybrid methods and is aesthetically noisy. Due to analog and digital medium exploration against "apparatus program" (Flusser, 2011), many artists contribute to confirm the processual vertent of image that pressures important paradigms of photography, as instantaneous, indexability, trusting error and noise as topics to the develop an aesthetics that values the glitch, the time duration, and traces of materiality from used technologies.


When a census is not possible a selected set of the population known as a sample is studied. Once a sample that is representative of the population is decided, information is collected for the sample members in a data-base or experimental setting. Again, descriptive statistics may be accustomed to summarize the sample information. However, the drawing of the sample has been subject to a component of randomness, therefore the established numerical descriptors from the sample are also because of uncertainty. Still, to draw purposeful conclusions regarding the whole population, inferential statistics is required. It uses patterns within the sample information to draw inferences regarding the population depicted, accounting for randomness. These inferences might take the shape of respondent yes or no questions about the information hypothesis testing, estimating numerical characteristics of the information estimation, describing associations at intervals, the information correlation and modeling relationships at intervals of the information. Reasoning will extend to forecasting, prediction and estimation of unobserved values either in or related to the population being studied; it will embody extrapolation and interpolation of your time series or abstract information, and may conjointly embody data processing. Keywords : Population, analysis, mathematics, null hypothesis Cite this Article Ashutosh Awasthi, Asit Srivastava. An extensive review on statistics. Research & Reviews: Journal of Statistics. 2015; 4(3): 19–28p.


Abstract Ecologically oriented studies in anthropology can be improved by greater familiarity with standard botanical and agricultural sources (many of which are listed in this paper) on the enumeration, classification, domestication, and use of culturally significant plants.


Background: Platelet hyperactivity has a crucial role in initiating vascular thrombosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aims to assess the effect of anthocyanins on several risk markers of thrombosis in T2DM. Twenty-three patients with T2DM consumed 320 mg of AC/day in the form of Medox® capsules for 28 days. Blood pressure and anthropometric measures were taken before and after the intervention period. Fasting blood samples were collected pre and post-intervention to perform different analyses. Analysis of platelet activation measured the platelet activation measured the expression of platelet surface marker. Surface markers included CD41a and P-selectin in adenosine diphosphate (ADP) stimulated platelets. Platelet aggregation, full blood examination, coagulation and biochemistry profile analyses were also evaluated pre and post-intervention. Results: Flow cytometric analysis showed no effect of AC on the expression of P-selectin. There were significant reductions in ADP and collagenstimulated platelet aggregation. The hematologic measurements showed no impact of AC. Coagulation analysis demonstrated a non-significant change of prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, or fibrinogen level in the blood. This study showed a reduction of platelet aggregation and total serum cholesterol. These results suggest that AC positively impacts attenuating platelet function potential improvement in lipid profile, minimising thrombotic risk.


Hardware virtualization tech nolog ies w ere principally designed for server consolidation , allow ing m ultiple Operating System s instances to b e c o  located on a single physical com puter. But, IaaS providers alw ays need higher levels o f perform ance, scalability and availability fo r their virtualization services. These requirem ents cou ld b e m et by a distributed virtualization tech nology , w h ich extends the boundaries o f a virtualization abstraction bey on d a host. A s a distributed system, it depends on the com m unications betw een its com ponents scattered in several n od es o f a virtualization cluster. This w ork contributes M 3 IP C , an IPC software layer d esigned to facilitate the d evelopm ent o f an O S-based distributed virtualization.


Abstract The visible deterioration of environmental health, as witnessed for a few decades now, has been the subject of debate and research for a long time. In the desperation to remove the pollutants from the available natural resources, countless physical, chemical, and biological methods have been introduced. However, they hold a few drawbacks and tend to alter the nature of the resources. To avoid intentional alteration, physical and biological methods are put-together to develop biopolymer-based membranes that would help the crisis and sort out the preferences. The technique includes trapping industrial carbon dioxide and other gases, drinking water treatment, wastewater treatment, desalination, reclamation, and reuse. Membrane technology is still a hot topic for new openings. Biocompatibility, biodegradability, and cost-effectivity of biopolymers are the greatest assets for developing technology. The efficacy of biopolymer-based membranes is covered in this chapter and their techniques in helping the environment.


SIR—In 2009, Menzies et al. (1) published a survey on various aspects of caudal anesthesia undertaken in children, including the aseptic precautions employed. We report the results of a further survey on aseptic precautions prior to caudal anesthesia. Data collection for Menzies' survey finished in June 2008. The results showed that only 10% of anesthetists used sterile gloves, a gown, and a mask while performing caudal procedures. Subsequently, in October 2008, the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland (AAGBI) published an updated Infection Control Guideline (2), which suggested the use of full surgical asepsis (surgical scrub, sterile gloves, sterile gown, cap, mask, and sterile drape) for all neuraxial procedures. Our survey was distributed by e-mail to 1024 members of the Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland and utilized surveymonkey.com. It produced 422 responses suitable for inclusion (response rate 41.2%). We analyzed these in a Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA) spreadsheet. Three hundred and sixty respondents were consultant anesthetists; one was an associate specialist; 55 were registrars; and six were post-CCT fellows in pediatric anesthesia. All 422 respondents performed single-shot caudal anesthesia in children. One hundred and fifty-eight (37.4%) also inserted caudal catheters. Of the 422 respondents performing single-shot caudal blocks, 191 (45.3%) utilized a social hand wash; 192 (45.5%) a full surgical scrub; and 9 (2.1%) another form of hand wash which they detailed in free-text responses. Thirty respondents (7.1%) did not specify what type of hand wash they used. For skin preparation, 0.5% chlorhexidine preparations were used by 205 respondents (48.6%), 2% chlorhexidine by 180 (42.7%), povidone-iodine by 36 (8.5%), and 'other' skin prep by 18 (4.3%). From the free-text responses, most 'other' skin prep appeared to be 70% alcohol solutions containing no other antiseptic. Results with respect to glove use were more homogenous—393 (93.1%) of respondents used sterile gloves for single-shot caudal procedures. Eleven (2.6%) used nonsterile gloves, with the remaining 18 (4.2%) not specifying which type of gloves they used. There was no specific option in our survey which allowed respondents to state that they used no gloves at all. The number of anesthetists using all the recommended aseptic precautions in the AAGBI Guideline (2) for single-shot caudal was 23 (5.5%); the nearest equivalent ('glove, gown, and mask') was employed by 10.8% in Menzies' work. For caudal catheter insertion, the uptake rate rose to 101 (63.9%) versus 91.8% in Menzies et al.'s survey. There is a difference in the data collection techniques, which means that our data may not be directly comparable with those collected by Menzies. In the previous paper, respondents were asked to choose from three options summarizing their technique: 'glove, gown, and mask'; 'gloves only'; and '"no touch" technique'. Our survey asked respondents to tick individually which precautions they applied, and missing out any of the six 'full' precautions would have prevented that responder's inclusion in the final numbers. However, the overall uptake of 'full' asepsis for caudal procedures remains low. Three hundred and eighty-six (91.5%) of respondents had not changed their aseptic technique in response to the updated guideline. Of those who had, most did not specify how, but only one respondent (who was one of the guideline's authors) stated that he/she now followed it in full. The solution used for skin preparation prior to central neuraxial blockade has been a matter of recent controversy. Two legal cases, one in the United Kingdom and one in Australia (both in adults), have suggested that chlorhexidine gluconate, contaminating neuraxial equipment, can lead to permanent neurological damage (3). However, despite these case reports, there is little positive evidence that chlorhexidine increases the risk of complications after central neuraxial blockade. Infective complications after pediatric caudal anesthesia are rare. The Royal College of Anaesthetists' National Audit Project (NAP) 3 estimated that 18 050 caudal procedures were carried out per year in the United Kingdom, with no report of any epidural abscess occurring in a child after caudal anesthesia in the year September 2006 to August 2007 inclusive (4). It is therefore difficult to envisage that a controlled study could be adequately powered to detect a difference in epidural infection rates after differing types of aseptic technique but, given that other studies (5) have shown cases of superficial infection after caudal procedures, it may equally be hard to argue against the routine adoption of


Two numerical approaches, the Robust-Generalized Iterative Approach (R-GIA) and the Robust-Transmit Covariance Optimization Approach (R-TCOA), are proposed for jointly designing the minimum mean square error (MMSE) precoders and decoders of uplink multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems with arbitrary linear equality power constraints and possibly imperfect channel state information (CSI). The R-TCOA always gives optimum solutions but is only applicable when the rank constraints on the precoders are relaxed, the spatial correlation matrix for the transmit antennas of each user is an identity matrix, and there exists a scalar such that squaring the source covariance matrices is the same as multiplying them by it. The statistics of the CSI error also need to be the same for all users if the power constraints of the users are interdependent. The R-GIA, on the other hand, has no such restrictions. But whenever the R-TCOA is applicable, both approaches converge, and all the transmit covariance matrices are full rank, the two solutions are actually equivalent (i.e. the R-GIA is also optimum)! Numerical results show that these two robust approaches, for the most part, outperform their non-robust counterparts in various different channel correlation scenarios.


In our paper [1] which presented the profile of dr Ludwika Karpińska-Woyczyńska we reported 25 th August 1872 or 1875 as her date of birth and Warsaw as the city she was born in. That information was corroborated by the data collected by the University of Zurich [2] and Karpińska's curriculum vitae which she wrote herself and included as part of her doctoral thesis [3]. We deemed the sources the most reliable. We were encouraged to research further that information by the inconsistencies in documents which we previously came across along with the information reported in Jarosław Goth and Katarzyna Waszyńska's paper which argued that Karpińska was born on 30 th August 1872 in Plock [4]. Having analyzed numerous historical records which constituted circumstantial evidence, it was established with high likelihood that that the birth certificate from Plock indeed belonged to Ludwika Karpińska-Woyczyńska. The document gives the basis for the claim that Ludwika Karpińska was born in Plock as a daughter of Ka-zimierz Karpiński and Katarzyna Fery [5]. The same names of Karpińska's parents were recorded in the books of the buried persons at the Powązki Military Cemetery in Warsaw [6], a copy of the ID card [7] and death certificate [8] which were kept in the personal file of Ludwika Karpińska-Woyczyńska when she was employed in the Municipal Psychological Lab in Lodz. Despite the existence of the birth certificate, establishing Ludwika Karpińska-Woczyńska's date of birth still posed a challenge. The certificate was written in Russian with some surnames and first names being written in Polish. The person who drew up the certificate must have been familiar with the Cyrillic alphabet better as he or she frequently substituted Latin letters with Cyrillic ones and distorted surnames given in Polish e.g., Karpińska's mother's maiden name was recorded with errors in Polish and its direct translation from Russian demonstrated that her name was Fery rather than Fearzy. The certificate presented all dates written in full words.


Background and Design.- Several health information of people are being collected and recorded by health institutions during their lives. Among these informations called vital statistics, death statistics give information about the quality and distribution of health services in a country. They also make the comparison of them with that of other countries possible. In order to evaluate this information obtained from death statistics, records must be sufficient and reliable. Although the death registrations are standardized, data are not reliable in our country. The aim of this study was to find out the wrong death reports by examining the death distribution occurred at Cerrahpa§a Medical School in 1998. It was also aimed to emphasize important points for having more reliable death registrations. So death certificates of 1313 death events, which occurred in our hospital in 1998 and the data from these records, which were obtained from our information center, were examined. Several distributions of these deaths are shown in the results section of this study. Results.- Most of the deaths were occurred at 70 years of age or above (24.44%). The majority of the deaths (31.15%) occurred in the Intensive Care Units. The most frequent cause of death was reported as cardiopulmonary arrest (31.98%), cancer (18.91 %), cardiac arrest (13.63%), pulmonary arrest (6.93%). After examining the records obtained from the information center, the actual causes of death showed to be due to cancer in 28.08% of the cases, cardiac arrest in 16.76 % of the cases, pulmonary arrest in 26.37% of the cases, which altogether had been reported as cardiopulmonary arrest. Conclusion.- 52.55% of the deaths were reported wrongly. Cancers were the most frequent cause of death at Cerrahpa§a Medical School in 1998. For having more accurate vital statistics, rules for death registration should be lectured as a course in curriculum and postgraduate education. We must start to use ICD 10, which having 900 headings on reporting and restricting of deaths. * Anahtar Kelimeler : Yasamsal istatistikler, Olum raporlari, Olum nedenleri * Key Words : Vital statistics, Death certificates, Causes of deaths


The rapid development of digital camera technology has increased image resolution by an order of magnitude in the recent years with 20 megapixel SLR cameras now being widely available. Even gigapixel images are now made possible by special cameras or scanners or by stitching together hundreds of images taken with automatic mounts. However, display technology has not made similar progress. In television sets we are still waiting for the move from PAL (0.5 megapixels) to HDTV (2 megapixels) and computer monitors range from a typical 1 megapixels to 4 megapixels on the newer 30 inch wide screen LCDs. Projector technology is in the same range from 1.5 megapixels for the 1400 x 1050 customer beamers to the still unique 4K x 2K bulky LCOS cinema projectors. In order to display gigapixel imagery one can either pan and zoom such images on traditional displays or one can reverse the stitching idea and try to build tiled displays composed of several single display surfaces.


Urban medium voltage distribution network in the power system has an extremely important position. In this paper, optimization of distribution network distribution substation and grid based on the theory of optimization, distribution system planning for the connection modes of research, specifically listed wiring pattern classification, given different circumstances according to the recommended network connection modes, and Various modes in terms of reliability and economy of the comparison, considered, guidance is given a package of proposals, and identified the development of multi-sectioned and Multi mode feasibility.


The authors report results obtained from a dual gridded ionization chamber filled with highly purified gaseous xenon operating near its critical point where the density, rho /sub c/=1.09 g/cm/sup 3/, approaches that of the liquid phase. The data obtained suggest that xenon near its critical point is an important addition to the presently available high-resolution radiation detector media. Both the ability to drift ionization electrons over large distances without attenuation and stability with time have been demonstrated. The energy resolution of the 976-keV K-conversion electron peak of /sup 207/Bi was measured to be 20 keV FWHM in 1.4 g/cm/sup 3/ (62 atm) of xenon, independent of the distance over which the charge drifts. These findings indicate that attachment to electronegative impurities is not a problem. An additional effect was observed as the density of the xenon gas was lowered from 1.4 to 0.5 g/cm/sup 3/: the energy resolution improved without an increase in the average charge collected.<<ETX>>


The Decipher prostate cancer gene-expression classifier can predict patients' risk of metastasis and prostate cancer-specific mortality using biopsy specimens prior to radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy plus androgen deprivation.


Decisions about consequences that are delayed in time are referred to as intertemporal choice. The importance of such decisions can easily be illustrated by their pervasiveness throughout our lives: decisions about education and career, purchasing, saving and investing money, as well as food intake


"Power and Knowledge" charts a history of three ancient "scientiae" in the Roman Empire--astrology, medical prognosis, and physiognomy (the art of discerning character or destiny from a person's physique). Drawing on contemporary approaches in social theory and the philosophy of science, Tamsyn Barton argues that the ancient sciences are best understood in terms of rhetoric, as their practitioners are involved in sociopolitical struggles and their disciplines are rooted in Greco-Roman cultural norms and practices.


The reduction in lattice thermal conductivity (LTC) of porous materials is investigated in "gray medium" approximation. Four different models of thermoelectric materials are examined including model with randomly distributed hollow pores of varying diameter from nano- to micro-scale sizes. In all cases we have suggested simple and general relations for the LTC taking into account pore size effect.


The shrink induced graphene composites based on layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technique reported in this paper demonstrates controllably tunable features different from the conventional graphene composites. By self-assembly of graphene nanoplatelets on a polyolefin (PO) shrink film substrate, the surface morphologies of the graphene composites were capable of turning through controlling the shrink temperature. SEM and AFM were used to analyze the graphene composites, demonstrating that the density of the graphene nanowrinkles was growing with the rising of shrink temperature. The sensitivity of a chemical sensor based on the graphene composites was investigated, and the surface wetting ability of the graphene composites was also studied. The tunable properties with shrink temperatures promise the graphene composites for potential applications to chemical sensing and microfluidics.


Let R be a ring and I a completely prime ideal of R.Suppose that I is generated by a regular normalising set of elements and that I has the Artin-Rees property.In this paper, we show that the completion of R at I is a domain.As a corollary, we give another proof for the following result of Du Cloux.Let g be a finite dimensional nilpotent Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero.The completion of U(g) at a primitive ideal I is a domain.Let g be a finite dimensional solvable Lie algebra over the complex numbers.We have partial results in this case.We show that if M is a maximal ideal and if M is a localisable prime of U(g), then the completion of U(g) at M is a domain.


The strong coupling between the molar volume and mobile ion concentration in ionically-conductive solids is used for spatially-resolved studies of ionic transport on the polycrystalline LiCoO2 surface by time-resolved spectroscopy. Strong variability between ionic transport at the grain boundaries and within the grains is observed, and the relationship between relaxation and hysteresis loop formation is established. The use of the strain measurements allows ionic transport be probed on the nanoscale, and suggests enormous potential for probing ionic materials and devices.


The Earth's surface temperature still continues to rise, and extreme weather phenomena such as heat waves, drought, and precipitation have been repeated every year. It is reported that international communities attribute the main cause of the Earth's surface temperature rise to the excessive use of the fossil energy. Recently, the damage caused by climate change is getting worse, and the place where we live is suffering the most. Cities have been continuously growing not only meeting the basic functions of human habitation, work and leisure but also being places for various economic and social activities. But Cities, the victims of climate change, have grown only considering human needs and convenience rather than predicting their physical and ecological systems(Albedo effects, urban microclimate, resources and energy of the circulatory system, etc). In other words, the cities offer the cause of the problems of climate change, and even worsen the extreme weather phenomena without coping with them. Therefore, it is urgent priorities to protect the climate, to prevent the causes of the extreme weather phenomena and to enhance the adaptive capacity for the worse weather events. This study is to derive the concept for adapting to these climate changes which can make cities escape from exposure to these climate change impacts and make themselves safer places to live. And it analyzes some European cities and present developing models to implement planning methods. In this study, the concept of the climate adaptive cities will be suggested to prepare the adaptation measures for urban planners, and climate change adaptation models will be presented by analyzing some preliminary cases.


This research provides the optimal formula of metallic mold paint using magnesia and diatomaceous earth as refractory aggregate,bentonite and carboxymethylcellulose sodium(CMC) blend as suspending agent,sodium silicate and sodium hexametaphosphate(phosphate salt)mixture as composite binder,and water as carrier. After determining the ratio of the refractory aggregate,making orthogonal experiments,the fomula was verified good in production.


[Problem] To provide a package of a heat-bent polarizing sheet that requires no preliminary drying before injection molding even after storage (preservation, transportation, transfer and transportation), etc., and an injection-molded polarizing lens using the heat-bent polarizing sheet. [Solution] A package of a heat-bent polarizing sheet, said heat-bent polarizing sheet being to be used for producing an injection-molded polarizing lens by bonding, via adhesive layers, transparent plastic sheets to both surfaces of a polarizing film comprising a uniaxially stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film, using the thus obtained laminated polarizing sheet as an individual laminated polarizing sheet for an individual negative plate for lens, heat-bending the laminated polarizing sheet under heating into a spherical or aspheric shape to give a heat-bent polarizing sheet, mounting the heat-bent polarizing sheet to a mold, and injection-molding a transparent resin for lens to the concave surface thereof, characterized in that the heat-bent polarizing sheet is stored or transported in a moisture-proof package and can be subjected to injection molding without performing preliminary drying as a pretreatment before injection molding.


Upon ionic complexation of tris(2-aminoethyl)amine and di- or trialkoxybenzoic acids with normal and branched chains, hexagonal columnar mesophases were generated. The two parameters, the length and the cross-sectional area of the alkyl chains, were investigated to unveil the volume effect of the alkyl chains on the formation and stabilization of the columnar mesophases. The thermal stabilities of the columnar phases were strongly depended on the molar ratio of the acids to the amine. The highest clearing temperature (the most stable mesophase) was obtained at a ratio specific to the alkyl chain volume, not necessarily stoichiometric. We estimated the packing fraction (V comp /V cell ) on the basis of the volume of the ionic complexes at these particular ratios (V comp ) and that of the unit cell of the Col hex phases (V cell ). The most suitable packing fractions for the Col hex phases of the present ammonium carboxylates were estimated to be in a range of 0.63-0.66.


The influence of animals on patterns of seed dispersal has not been well explored, despite the importance of seed dispersal in plant population biology. Furthermore, the exploitation of animals as dispersal agents has been considered one reason for the replacement of gymnosperms by angiosperms in the Cretaceous. We studied seed dispersal in a cycad, Macrozamia riedlei, and showed that in the absence of animals, ripe seeds drop directly beneath the parent not more than 40 cm from the base. Several animals eat the fleshy outer integument of the seeds, and possums (Trichosurus vulpecula), transport seeds up to 24 m from the parent. The postdispersal positioning of seeds gave a log density-log distance relationship of y = 7.20 – 2.85x (r2= 0.96, N = 17). Effective local dispersal may have contributed to the persistence of cycads in the world flora for the last 200 million years.


In recent years, some extreme natural disasters and public health events have led to supply chain disruptions, and scholars have become increasingly concerned about this issue. Some studies have analyzed the impact of different network structures on resilience in the supply chain network from both topological and performance perspectives. However, these are mainly concerned with the impact of vastly different network structures on resilience, such as comparing scale-free networks and random networks, and pay less attention to the impact of slight differences in structure on supply chain network resilience. At the same time, the relationships between different resilience metrics have received less attention after cascading failure. In this article, we construct a supply chain network structure-disruption model from both topological and operational perspectives. This model can analyze how disruptions propagate in a supply chain network with any structure and evaluate the resilience of networks under different types of disruptions (node or link failures). Finally, we conduct a numerical simulation and evaluate the impact of different structures on the resilience of agri-food supply chain networks under eight disruption scenarios (random and targeted disruptions). This research can help managers make topological adjustments during various disruption scenarios and protect the most vulnerable nodes/links.


The controversy on the efficacy and safety of cyclosporine A (CsA) versus tacrolimus (TAC) remains a long-standing debate well-known to transplant programs. It is generally accepted that TAC is a more powerful immunosuppressant than CsA, one that has fewer side effects on kidney function, blood pressure, lipid metabolism and, importantly, on so-called aesthetic effects (hirsutism, gingival hypertrophy). For these reasons, TAC is prescribed as the main calcineurin inhibitor in most liver transplant programs. The use of CsA is generally limited to cases of neurologic side effects or in some patients with diabetes mellitus. The potential influence of this calcineurin inhibitor on hepatitis C recurrence has been a matter of controversy for many years, with some articles suggesting better outcomes in patients treated with TAC versus CsA (1–3) and vice versa (4). Most reports, however, support the idea that the choice of calcineurin inhibitor does not impact the histologic severity of recurrent hepatitis C (5,6).


We have studied the relaxation of the magnetization in the spin‐glass phase of Fe10Ni70P20 and CuMn0.243%. Following zero field cooling the magnetization M(H,T,t) of spin‐glasses increases quasilogarithmically with time t after applying a field H at t=0: M(H,T,t)=M(H,T,t=0)+S(H,T) ln t. The quantity S(H,T) has been studied for 30 s≤t≤1200 s below Tg, temperature of the ac susceptibility peak. For both systems S(H) increases almost linearly with H for a given temperature, reaches a maximum value Sm for Hm, then decreases and tends to zero for a field HM at least four times larger than Hm. For a given field, S(T) exhibits a maximum near Tg in low field. This maximum becomes higher, sharper and is displaced to lower temperatures for increasing field values. A line Hm∝(Tg‐T)γ with γ=1.5 and 1.8 for CuMn and Fe70Ni10P20, respectively, is obtained. This line has a form similar to the de Almeida‐Thouless line Hc=(Tg‐T)1.5. However, Hm or HM are smaller by a factor 16 or 4 than the corresponding Hc value. The dat...


Enterprises' and governments' failure to take their environmental responsibilities during industrial transfer leads to aggravating farmland soil pollution in Midwest China. One reason for this is the imperfection of the related legal system. Legal countermeasure can be found by seeking for the legal reason of the aggravating farmland soil pollution in industrial transfer undertaking areas. On the one hand,the nation should reinforce environmental and legal responsibilities of enterprises and governments,improve legal system of the prevention of farmland soil pollution and adopt the diversified punishments and relief measures to perfect the legal accountability system. On the other hand,farmers' participation in the prevention of pollution should be encouraged,and their environmental participation rights must be protected. The rigidity of policy of undertaking industrial transfer should be strengthened in order to undertake industrial transfer scientifically and prevent pollution transfer effectively.


Joint prostheses in which one joint partner is configured as a socket and the other joint partner is configured as a ball head, said ball head being rotatably mounted in the socket, are used, in particular, as shoulder joint and hip joint prostheses. The press fit connection, in particular, conical pressing, is also used as a technique for connecting metallic or ceramic ball heads to the cone. To this end, the ball head provided with a conical boring is placed on the cone. After placing the ball head on the cone, the ball head is subjected to an impact in order to fix the two components. To obtain a conical pressing, the joining surfaces of the boring in the ball head and of the cone must be machined with extreme precision, otherwise the durability of the conical pressing is jeopardized by a non-uniform introduction of force into the ball head or into the pivot. If the ball head is made of ceramic, fissuring can result due to stress peaks in the material, and in the worst case scenario, can lead to a destruction of the ball head. According to the invention, a coupling element (5) is thus provided which is inserted between the cone (5) and the ball head (3) of the press fit connection (1) and whose elasticity and damping properties can be predetermined by the porosity thereof and by the structure of its surface.


From the start of the People's Republic of China's (PRC) "corporatization" project in the late 1980s, a Chinese corporate governance regime subject to increasingly enabling legal norms has been determined by mandatory regulations imposed by the PRC securities regulator, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC). Indeed, the Chinese corporate law system has been cannibalized by all-encompassing securities regulation directed at corporate governance, at least for companies with listed stock. This Article traces the path of that sustained intervention and makes a case—wholly contrary to the "quack corporate governance" critique much aired in the United States—that for the PRC this phenomenon is necessary, appropriate, and benign. That analysis, in turn, reveals a great deal about the following: the development of Chi* Professor of Law, University of Michigan Law School. I would like to thank the following for their comments and helpful suggestions concerning prior drafts of this article or in connection with the research for it: Professors Yuen Yuen Ang, William Bratton, Donald Clarke, Mary Gallagher, Guo Li, Anna Han, Jennifer Hill, You-tien Hsing, Vic Khanna, Victoria Langland, Liu Junhai, Stanley Lubman, Andrew Mertha, Barry Naughton, Justin O'Brien, Kevin O'Brien, Chuck O'Kelley, Frank Partnoy, Adam Pritchard, Teemu Ruskola, Eric Talley, Tang Xin, Alex Wang, Anthony Zaloom, and Zhu Ciyun; the Hon. Jed S. Rakoff, United States District Court Judge, Southern District of New York; participants in the fifth annual symposium of the Adolf A. Berle, Jr. Center on Corporations, Law & Society ("Berle V") convened at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia in May 2013 titled, "Capital Markets, the Corporation and the Asian Century—Governance, Accountability and the Future of Corporate Law"; and Michigan Law School doctoral student Ms. Tamar Groswald Ozery. In addition, I am very grateful to my colleague Ms. Alex Zhang Xiaomeng of the University of Michigan Law Library for her help in tracking down electronic sources for various Chinese laws, administrative regulations, and "normative documents" no longer in effect. Unless otherwise noted, all translations, Chinese to English and English to Chinese, are by the author.


The rare earth is a hotspot among the problems of tea quality and safety in recent years in china,and its limitation standard aroused controversy. Tea plant has an enrichment impact on light rare earth element( La,Ce,Y and Nd,etc.),and there is a significant positive correlation between growing of tea leaves and total rare earth content. The types of rare earth elements,progress of toxicology research,the residue status and the leaching characteristics in tea were briefly outlined,the source of rare earth elements in tea was investigated preliminarily. The limitation standard of rare earth in tea was explored,which provided a reference for scientifically formulate the limitation standard of rare earth in tea,strengthened supervision in the future.


The aim of this article is to present the principles underlying the political system in force in the German Democratic Republic between 1949 and 1990, with a particular emphasis on the issue of the state of emergency law. The article describes the two Constitutions from 1949 and 1968 and the state institutions established under them, including the GDR People's Chamber, the Council of Ministers, the GDR State Council and the National Defence Council. It also discusses the constitutional solutions within the scope of the emergency law. The legal basis for the protection of the border between the two then existing German states was also considered. This article is based on the two East German Constitutions, other legal acts and on the principles of East German and Polish doctrine. The article consists of an introduction, three parts and a summary.


Alignments between amino acid sequences of eukaryotic adenylate (ACase) and guanylate (GCase) cyclases and the prokaryotic Rhizobium meliloti ACase revealed four conserved regions. Two were the target of site-directed mutagenesis. A positive charge at position 44 converted the enzyme to GCase, a negative charge at this position had no effect. A second modification indicated that residues 107 and 124 contribute to the nucleoside triphosphate binding pocket's conformation. This latter region was used to scan protein sequences data banks. A similar region was detected in the family of E1-E2 type ATPases. Topographical resemblance between these ATPases, eukaryotic ACases and several transporters suggest that they evolved from a common ancestor.


Objective To identify the current situation of the qualification standards and working status of specialty nurses in China,and evaluate their competences,determine the method of re-qualification,and improve the management of specialty nurses.Methods 38 enterostomy nurses and 39 ICU nurses with the certification of specialty nurse were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire.Results The results showed that there were the following problems in the qualification and management of specialty nurses,including lack of strict qualification requirements,difference in the organization,credit hours and course of training,difference in the duties,responsibilities and roles of specialty nurses,deficiency of scientific research competence.Conclusion The importance and necessity of the specialty nurses has been recognized in China and they have played the same roles as international specialty nurses.However,their competences need to be further improved.


Thermal stress caused by junction temperature fluctuations is one of the main factors reducing the reliability of the power semiconductor devices. Hence, in order to reduce the severe junction temperature fluctuation, this paper proposed a novel active junction temperature control method based on thermoelectric coolers (TEC). Firstly, the thermal model of the inverter-TEC system was established. Secondly, a hysteresis loop junction temperature control method was proposed. Then, TEC power consumption and the efficiency of the inverter-TEC system were analyzed. Finally, a simulation was implemented and results verified the proposed method. The maximum junction temperature fluctuation is reduced significantly by 65.4% in Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) condition. Meanwhile, the average junction temperature is dropped by 5.96%. Therefore, the lifetime of power devices can be extended.


Within the design of a new injector for the Cooler Synchrotron COSY, a linac option based on pulsed superconducting half wave resonators (HWR) has been investigated. Two prototypes of the HWRs at 160MHz were built by different manufacturs. We will present measurements for CW as well as pulsed operation to characterize RF performance and mechanical behaviour of the two cavities. Whereas the slight differences in fabrication did not affect the electromagnetic results, the mechanical properties (mechanical eigenresonances, Lorentz-force detuning) significantly differed. To operate the cavities, ancillary systems (coupler, tuner, RF control) were designed and tested; the results of those will be summarized. HALF-WAVE RESONATORS At the beginning of 2000 a new injector was designed to fill the synchrotron COSY at FZ-Juelich with polarized protons and deuterons up to the space charge limit [1,2]. Figure 1: Layout of 160 MHz HWR The design was based on superconducting half-wave resonators (Fig. 1). Two prototypes of the first family had been built at different companies with slight differences concerning the fabrication procedures. ZANON built the end-plates by milling an elliptical shape into a 20mm thick niobium plate, while ACCEL formed the end-plates to the preferred circular shape by spinning. Other differences exist in number and locations of the e-beam weldings. These changes have no impact on the cavity parameters that are summarized in Table 1. Figure 2: Different end-plate geometries of the HWR prototypes: left: ACCEL, right: ZANON Table 1: Main parameters of 160 MHz HWRs related to an accelerating length of l = ßλ = 0.206 m: β 0.11 R/Q 245 Ω Bpeak/Eacc 10.4 mT/(MV/m) Epeak/Eacc 4.8 Eacc 8 MV/m G 26 Ω W 10 J Four accessports at each cavity (two at the bottom, two at the top) guarantee draining off of the chemical etchant and easy access to the inner surfaces during the highpressure water-rinsing (HPR). A commercially available standard procedure was used to get a chemical preparation of both prototypes. Details of the preparation are summarized in the following list: • Ultrasonic cleaning • Rinsing with pure water • 60μm BCP chemical etching in a temperaturecontrolled closed loop operation • 60μm BCP after a 180° rotation of the cavity around the beam axis • HPR through all of the four access-ports (30 min each) • Drying by pumping No heat treatment has been done so far. The design of the ACCEL prototype has been modified to allow an installation of a LHe cover after the first tests in our bath cryostat. The prototype can then be installed in the new cryostat [3] including the LHe cover. A cold ceramic window is used in order to prevent dust from entering the cavity while changing the coupling strength of the main coupler, which could spoil the superconducting surface. This window (Fig. 3) – installed ___________________________________________ email@example.com Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on RF Superconductivity, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA


This study attempts to deepen the political thinking of Agustin Garcia Calvo and, in particular, to show the reception that his interpretation of the pre-Socratic thinkers has had in Spanish political life. The research is structured around three moments: firstly, I have studied Garcia Calvo hermeneutic work of the pre-Socratic thinkers and the logic that underlies their speech. Secondly, I have tried to show the influence that the pre-Socratic thinkers had in his political thought. Finally, I have analysed the impact of some of these pre-Socratic-inspired concepts on political parties, trade unions and social movements from the left-wing of the Spanish political spectrum.


Objective To study on the chemical constituents from Rubus alceaefolius.Methods The compounds were isolated with silica gel and sephadex LH-20 column chromatography from Rubus alceaefolius,and identified with various modern spectroscopic analysis and physical constants.Results Six compounds were isolated from petroleum ether extract of this plant and identified as uvaol(Ⅰ),betulinic acid(Ⅱ),euscaphic acid(Ⅲ),physcion(Ⅳ),myristic acid(Ⅴ),β-sitosterol(Ⅵ).Conclusion CompoundsⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ were obtained from the plant for the first time.


A feed vise (11) positions a work material (W) on a pass line. A band saw blade (32) has no twist, and cuts the work material (W) at a length less than the diameter of a drive wheel (31a). A product carry-out vise (21) has a product carry-out vise jaw (21j). The work material (W) is cut by clamping the work material (W) by the product carry-out vise jaw (21j) and lowering the band saw blade (32). After the completion of the cutting, the product carry-out vise (21) lowers while clamping a product (P) obtained by cutting the work material (W) and carries out the product (P) below the pass line.


Disclosed is a PEM fuel cell having a reinforced polymer electrolyte membrane, wherein the reinforced polymer electrolyte membrane, at least one polymer layer, based at least on a polymer having acidic properties, and at least one organic reinforcing material layer with basic properties, the organic (s) component (s) with a crosslinking agent are modified, wherein at least one outer surface of the polymer layer contacts at least one outer surface of the organic reinforcing material layer adhesive, the adhesion due to an electrostatic interaction.


We prove theorems of the following form: if $A\subseteq {\mathbb R}^2$ is a big set, then there exists a big set $P\subseteq {\mathbb R}$ and a perfect set $Q\subseteq {\mathbb R}$ such that $P\times Q\subseteq A$. We discuss cases where big set means: set of positive Lebesgue measure, set of full Lebesgue measure, Baire measurable set of second Baire category and comeagre set. In the first case (set of positive measure) we obtain the theorem due to Eggleston. In fact we give a simplified version of the proof given by J. Cichon. To prove these theorems we use Shoenfield's theorem about absoluteness for $\Sigma^1_2$-sentences.


Objective To analyze the correlation of the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) with visceral adipose tissue area(VAT),body mass index(BMI),and waist circumference(WC).Methods A total of 127 NAFLD patients were divided into mild NAFLD group(n=61),moderate NAFLD group(n=45),and severe NAFLD group(n=21) according to the severity of hepatic steatosis evaluated by color Doppler ultrasound;21 patients without NAFLD who visited the hospital during the same period were selected as a control group.All subjects were examined by special professionals to measure the body height,body weight,and WC,underwent liver ultrasound and liver function test,and received abdominal CT scans to determine VAT,abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue area(SAT),and total abdominal adipose tissue area(TA).For comparison of normally distributed measurement data among groups,one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) was used if the variances were equal,and Welch ANOVA was used if the variances were unequal;for comparison of other measurement data among groups,nonparametric test(Kruskal-Wallis H test) was used.Chi-square test was used for comparison of numeration data among groups.Pairwise comparison was performed for each variable with a statistically significant difference among groups.Pearson correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis of data with a bivariate normal distribution,while Spearman correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis of data without a bivariate normal distribution or ranked data.Results There were no significant differences in age and sex among the groups(P0.05 for all comparisons),but there were significant differences in WC,VAT,TA,SAT,BMI,aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(P0.05 for all comparisons).The severity of NAFLD was positively correlated with BMI,WC,VAT,SAT,and TA(r=0.467,P=0.000;r=0.503,P=0.000;r=0.473,P=0.000;r=0.280,P=0.001; r=0.465,P=0.000).Conclusion Control of body weight,especially for patients with central obesity,is one of the most important measures to prevent NAFLD.


Aims This study explores the different attitudes among fourth year medical students in Queen's University Belfast to Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) and investigates whether these are influenced by teaching and exposure to ECT during their undergraduate psychiatry placement. In particular we sought to determine firstly, correlates of baseline attitudes to ECT and secondly, whether specific forms of ECT teaching improved attitudes to ECT during their placement. Method This study was conducted in Queen's University Belfast and agreed with their ethics committee. Participants completed a questionnaire at the beginning of their psychiatry placement and another questionnaire in the second half of their placement. The first questionnaire captured background information and baseline attitudes. The second questionnaire recorded the educational and clinical experience gained on ECT during placement (for example lectures, tutorials, informal teaching, observing ECT and interacting with ECT patients), in addition to attitudes to ECT at this timepoint. Attitudes to ECT were assessed on a 5-point Likert scale. A positive attitude to ECT was defined as scoring agree/strongly agree on a 5-point Likert scale to the statement "I would recommend ECT for a patient if clinically indicated". Result 187 students were interviewed at both time points. At the outset of the psychiatry placement 66% of students reported a positive attitude to ECT. Positive attitude was associated with age: 72% of students under 24 had a positive attitude to ECT vs 58% of students over 24 (χ2 = 3.5; P < 0.05). Of students who had previously attended a lecture on ECT (n = 117) 83% had a positive attitude to ECT vs 42% of those who had not previously attended a lecture (χ2 = 33.5; P < 0.001). Attitudes to ECT significantly improved during the placement (66% vs 94% positive; t = 7.97; P < 0.001). Students who attended a lecture on ECT during the psychiatry placement were more likely to have a positive shift in attitude (67% vs 49%; F = 6.0; P = 0.01). No other specific teaching modality was associated with a positive shift in attitude. Conclusion We conclude that undertaking a Psychiatry placement and particularly having a lecture on ECT significantly improves attitudes of medical students to ECT. It is therefore important that lectures on ECT are included in the medical undergraduate curriculum to allow students to be accurately informed about this essential treatment for a number of psychiatric disorders.


Automatic Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) have become the most widely and popular technology in rapidly growing bio-identification applications. Fingerprint identification consists of various stages viz. image acquisition, enhancement, feature extraction and matching. The performance of a fingerprint recognition system highly relies on the quality of the fingerprint images. The enhancement is an essential step required to improve the quality of the fingerprint image. In this paper, we propose a enhancement method based on gabor filtering in wavelet domain. Gabor filter is so chosen because it has both frequency-selective and orientation-selective properties and has optimal resolution in both spatial and frequency domain. Filtering is done on the images results from wavelet decomposition and finally, the image is reconstructed to get the enhanced image. Experiments are conducted on 500dpi resolution fingerprint images commercially available from FVC2002 fingerprint database.


The artificial acoustic metamaterials consisting of subwavelength resonator elements can exhibit properties beyond those found in nature. These unique properties were described by effective media approximation theory, which treat the response as the averaged effects of the individual element's resonance response and ignore the coupling interactions between the elements. This paper reports the mode hybridization at subwavelength scale in acoustic metamaterials composed of single-slit Helmholtz resonator arranged in two-dimensional square lattice with twist angle between adjacent elements in ΓX direction. The dispersion curves and the transmission spectra demonstrate that the strong interactions between elements are not negligible when phi=180 degree and could lead to novel coupled resonance modes which do not exist in uncoupled metamaterials of phi=0 degree. The adjunct elements oscillate in-phase for the symmetric hybridization mode and out-of-phase for the anti-symmetric mode. In addition, the hybridizat...


An opportunity exists for Australia to satisfy the expanding Asian fresh produce markets, because of our climate, space and technology to expand and enhance
production of fruit and vegetables. Growers always strive to obtain maximum yields of high quality produce from their fields. Many factors such as climate, suitable cultivars, cultivation practices, soil, availability of water and nutrients can influence yields of high quality produce. An important and effective method to reduce costs is to improve productivity while maintaining quality.
East Gippsland, the focus of this study, has a significant opportunity and potential for the production of fresh whole and fresh - cut packaged, branded vegetables for the domestic and export markets.
The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of current irrigation practices on overall yield and the occurrence of hollow stem in broccoli and to compare the
outcomes from different irrigation systems.


Mitophagy, the autophagic degradation of mitochondria, is an important housekeeping function in eukaryotic cells. Defects in mitophagy occur in degenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, and decreases in the levels of mitophagy correlate with aging phenomena. An important goal is to achieve an understanding of the quality control mechanism(s) that specifically cull defective mitochondrial components or compartments, during mitophagy. Specifically, it is not known whether a small cohort of defective molecules will cause the ablation of an entire compartment, or whether an active process segregates defective molecules from functional ones and allows a more efficient culling mechanism. In this study we have combined a proteomic study with a molecular genetic and cell biology approach to determine whether such a segregation process occurs in yeast mitochondria. We report that different mitochondrial matrix proteins undergo mitophagic degradation at distinctly different rates, supporting the active segregation hypothesis. These differential degradation rates depend on mitochondrial dynamics, suggesting a mechanism that couples a weak physical segregation with mitochondrial fission and fusion to achieve a distillation‐like effect. In agreement with this interpretation, the differential rates of mitophagy that we observed for different mitochondrial matrix proteins strongly correlate with the degree of physical segregation observed for these proteins, within the matrix.


Identity disclosure is a security and privacy concern in mobile ad-hoc networks. Previous proposals suggest using anonymous routing protocols. These solutions are limited on certain routing protocols, and cannot be applied to higher layers. In this paper, we propose the requirements of an general-purpose identity hiding scheme, and present schemes based on popular cryptosystems: AES, RSA, and ElGamal. These schemes can be applied in network and above layers. These schemes also overcome the following drawbacks of previous anonymous routing protocols: pair-wise keys, and large amount of pseudonyms. Hence, the proposed schemes are more efficient and applicable.


Digital media technologies are becoming increasingly and extensively integrated into our way of living. We communicate, inform and entertain ourselves through media technologies in disparate spaces ...


To solve the instability of the simulation algorithm in the ship routing,this paper proposes an analytic approach based on the interval evidence reasoning and Hungarian algorithm. The proposed approach uses two pairs of nonlinear optimization models for constructing an assignment model to compute the matching order and the maximum utility of the shipping company, and proposed a method to choose the different assignment sequences.Compared to the simulation algorithm,the analytic algorithm is more stable and efficient.Finally,its feasibility and efficiency is proved by examining a cargo ship routing.


In the PANDA experiment particles emitted at angle in the range 5°-22° will be tracked with a set of three large-area planar gaseous micro-pattern detectors based on Gaseous-Electron-Multiplier (GEM) foils as amplification stages [1]. According to simulations [2] of the particle flux of up to 140 kHz/cm the granularity of the readout structures, the so called 'pad planes', is purely driven by the required resolution of 150μm, not by particle occupancy. Simulations of a triple-GEM system have been performed using the Garfield++ toolkit. The ANSYS model of the single conical GEM cell with a top diameter of 70 μm and a bottom diameter of 50 μm was used as an input. According to these simulations the expected gain, which is the number of electrons produced per number of initial electrons is 4000, which reproduces the COMPASS triple GEM detector data within a factor of 2. The endpoints of electrons at the pad plane exhibit a 2-dimensional Gaussian distribution with σ=270 μm, which is in agreement with the simple estimation σ = √ L ×D =240μm, where L is a 1cm drift gap and D is the transverse diffusion coefficient extracted from the Magboltz program. If the size of an electron cloud could be neglected with respect to the strip/pad size, the resolution would be simply Pitch/ √ 12. For a pitch of 400μm it would be 115μm and would be significantly improved in case of a weighted mean calculation (best achievable∼30μm, see Fig. 1). In order to verify the feasibility of the targeted spatial resolution of 150μm, a∼200μm thin pad plane was designed realizing two-dimensional readout structures on both faces. The structure of the top projection (see Fig. 2 left) consists of vertical stripes with 75μm width to provide information on the x coordinate and interconnected pads with the sizes 100×100μm to provide information on the y coordinate. In such a configuration the pitch in x and y coordinates is the same and equals 400μm. The structure of the bottom projection (see Fig. 2 right) is almost the same as on top, but rotated by 45°, which increased the pitch by factor of √ 2 (400× √ 2=566μm), which additionally allows us to test different strip capacitances. The active area of the 'GEM2D' GEM-Tracker prototype exploiting this design is 310×310mm2 and exhibits 3072 readout channels in total (see Fig. 3. which are routed to high-density connectors. The readout is done exploiting 12 nXYTER-based GEMEX front-end boards[3]. Figure 1: Distribution of the residuals between the generated and the reconstructed track X-positions.


In contemporary China, Marxist economy theory development appears to be its objective and inherent nature, with the reform of socialist economy system and constructive practice of socialist modernization. Its main contents include theories of primary socialist stage, productive resource ownership, socialist market economy and socialist distribution of personal consumer goods. Marxist economy theory advanced in contemporary China is the most important basis of socialist costrution with Chinese characteristics. It contributes to a great guide to the reform of economy system and modernized construction of socialism.


If the temperature of the exhaust gas entering the electrostatic precipitator is less sulfuric acid dew point, there is a problem of electrostatic precipitator is corroded by liquefied sulfate. Therefore, to prevent corrosion of the electrostatic precipitator. A system for treating an exhaust gas, to process the temperature adjustment portion to lower the temperature of the discharged flue gas, and dust collector for collecting fine particles in exhaust gas discharged from the temperature adjustment unit, the exhaust gas discharged from the dust collector exhaust gas and a processing unit, the temperature adjustment unit, processes the adjusting exhaust gases discharged exhaust gas to a temperature above the sulfuric acid dew point, to provide a system.


Double molding fan-out wafer level packaging process integration flow was introduced in this paper to achieve miniature scale Antenna-in-package AiP at low transition loss with long distance communication and beam steering capabilities. The size of this package as 12mm × 12mm × 0.40mm. The main components of this package are three redistribution layers (RDL), two mold-compound layers and a through mold via (TMV) structure at 100um depth. A bare silicon chip at 4mm × 4mm was embedded into mold compound layers, with copper metal and polyimide dielectric RDL layers built to interconnect the PCB and the opposite metal ground via Metal TMV structure. Copper antenna was fabricated on top of thick, second-molded-compound layer via IME technology on double molding FOWLP process architectures. This paper demonstrated a double molding fan-out approach to build RDL layers on first-mold reconfigured silicon surfaces; and second mold as the objectives of filling up TMV structures and dielectric interlayer between RF metal and antenna metal layers. The major process challenges and the respective solutions were discussed. The development of critical process parameters was identified to ensure good process specifications and uniformity.


The BINOL amino alcohol compound (S)-4 was found to conduct enantioselective fluorescent recognition of a serine derivative with an unprecedented high ef [enantioselective fluorescent enhancement = (I-D - I-0)/(I-L - I-0)] of 12.5. Both (S)-4 and (S)-5 ar


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Having joined General Electric (GE) in 1950, and having worked closely with the "old timers" of that day, my knowledge base goes back into the teen years of the 1900s-a span of a century. No guarantee is offered that all the information is exactly correct, but the essence should be acceptably close to give a good understanding of the difficult evolution to the present designs of turbine-generators.


The problem was the relationship of responses of individuals with demonstrated differences in internal-external reward characteristics and directive, client-centered group counseling techniques.


The litchi giant looper Ascotis selenaria(Denis Schiffermuller) has become one of the serious pests in Litchi in recent years,which infests young leaves and shoots.The larval instar numbers should be determined before further studying on its biology,ecology and IPM.However,division of larval instars of A.selenaria is in dispute.In this study,larval samples of different instars were collected from both the field and the laboratory,and the head capsule width of the larvae was measured.The results showed that the larvae were divided into 6 instars based on the frenquency histograms of head capsule width,which was verified by the Crosby's ratio and exponential curve fitting.The head capsule width of 1st instar larvae was 0.301 mm,the 2nd instar 0.534 mm,the 3rd instar 0.940 mm,the 4th instar 1.544 mm,the 5th instar 2.307 mm,the 6th 3.374 mm.


Ammonia has great prospects in the context of the transition to carbon-free energy. It can be used as fuel in gas turbines, fuel cells, internal combustion engines, and burned together with coal. However, industrial production of ammonia is based on the Haber-Bosh process, which involves the use of natural gas and coal, which, in this case, does not make it really carbon-free. This study proposes a method to produce ammonia, which is environmentally friendly and does not require the use of fossil fuels. It is based on the approach to adjusting the concentration of ammonium nitrogen in a biogas reactor and implies the sorption of ammonia from the gas phase with a solution of monoammonium phosphate, obtaining diammonium phosphate, and subsequently heating it with the release of ammonia. The factors influencing the extraction of ammonia from waste have been considered, as well as the influence of temperature on the release of ammonia from the solution of diammonium phosphate; the energy efficiency of the method has been assessed. With increasing temperature, the degree of ammonia and the degree of sorbent regeneration increased. Under laboratory conditions, 111 J/g of ammonia energy was spent. The higher the concentration of (NH4)2HPO4 in the solution, the less energy is required to obtain a unit of ammonia mass. The total amount of ammonia released varies depending on the temperature. Sorbent regeneration can be carried out using thermal energy obtained at a cogeneration plant. The possibility of using this method to produce ammonia at an industrial scale has been estimated by analyzing the ways of ammonia utilization as a fuel. The potential for ammonia production in the main livestock industries in Europe and the United States is up to 11,482,651.15 and 11,582,169.5 tons per year, respectively. Applying this solution also makes it possible to improve the efficiency of biogas production from waste with high nitrogen content. The proposed method of ammonia production could potentially contribute to the development of carbon-free energy


In this work we consider the problem of downlink resource allocation for proportional fairness of long term received rates of data users and quality of service for real time sessions in an OFDMA-based wireless system. The base station allocates available power and bandwidth to individual users based on long term average received rates, QoS based rate constraints and channel conditions. We solve the underlying constrained optimization problem and propose an algorithm that achieves the optimal allocation. Numerical evaluation results show that the proposed algorithm provides better QoS to voice and video sessions while providing more and fair rates to data users in comparison with existing schemes.


Despite recent advances in high-resolution (HR) face recognition, recognizing identities from low-resolution (LR) facial images remains challenging due to the absence of facial shape and detail. Current research focuses solely on reducing the distribution discrepancy between the HR and LR embeddings from the output layer, rather than thoroughly investigating the superiority of HR facial images for improved performance. In this paper, we propose a novel low-resolution face recognition method enhanced by the guidance of high-resolution facial images in both feature map space and embedding space. Specifically, in feature map space, the similarity constraint across the multilayer feature maps is adopted to align the intermediate features of facial images. Then we introduce multiple generators to recover HR images from extracted feature maps and utilize the reconstructed loss to supplement the missing facial details in LR images. In embedding space, we propose a supervised auxiliary contrastive loss to encourage the paired HR and LR embedding from the same class to be pulled together, whereas those from different classes are pushed apart. The one-to-many matching strategy and the adaptive weight adjustment strategy are applied to make the network adapt to the inputs of different resolutions. Experiments on four benchmark datasets with both synthesized and realistic LR facial images demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method to state-of-the-art.


The second annual review of the "Caractere magnetique de chaque jour" (see Terrestrial Magnetism, vol. X, p. 197; vol. XII, p. 183; vol. XIII, p, 36) states that 37 observatories contributed to the quarterly reviews, and that 32 sent complete data for 1907. Two among the observatories partaking for the first time described their method of classification.

The annual review has been drawn up in the same manner as for the first year (1906): the second Table and the list of "calm days" are reprinted here.


Objective To explore effect of gene Livin transfection on the proliferation in T24 cell line of bladder transitional cell carcinoma(BTCC).MethodsBy the induction of liposome, Livin-pcDNA3.1(+) and eukaryotic expression vectors pcDNA3.1+ were transfected into BTCC cell line T24.Then the subclone cell lines which expressed stably Livin-pcDNA3.1(+) and pcDNA3.1(+) were obtained by persistent G418 selection.Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect Livin expression level in the transfected cell lines.The proliferation activity of the cell lines was detected by colony formation analysis.ResultsThe subclone cell lines which expressed stably Livin-pcDNA3.1(+) and pcDNA3.1(+) were successfully selected, known as T24/ Livin+ and T24/pcDNA3.1(+).Western blot and RT-PCR results indicated expression of Livin was positive in T24/Livin+ cell line, while were negative in T24/pcDNA3.1(+) and T24.The more proliferation ability of the BTCC cell line was induced by the expression of Livin(P =8.4110-5,P 0.01).Conclusion Livin expression in T24 cell line may promote the proliferation of the tumor cells and concern with the development of bladder carcinoma.


Source mixing-crystal fractionation composite processes generate three complex patterns on ratio-ratio correlation diagrams of trace elements e1, e2, e3 according to their relative incompatibility. The three effects are clearly displayed on ratio-ratio correlation diagrams of trace elements in granites of the Altay Mts., Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, indicative of source mixing-crystal fractionation composite processes. Source mixing mechanism is possibly the mingling of sediments in sedimentary basins. Mixing endmembers are probably: 1) terrestrial fragments differing greatly in their sedimentary maturity; 2) terrestrial fragments and basic volcanic rocks.


The online monitoring system for metering equipment is useful to improve the reliability of the electric energy metering equipment and guarantee the safety of the operation.The concept of the EXT is briefly introduced.The functional requirement and the database design of the online monitoring system for metering equipment is stated in detail.The system coding is completed based on the EXT framework with rich component.The B/S platform with friendly interface and unified style can monitor the electric energy metering equipment safely and currently.


Learning to write drama texts basically reaps many problems including the difficulties of students in learning to write. Many of them find it difficult to start the writing process, developing words into sentences correctly, of course, are considered as difficult and tedious things in determining the theme and story line in the drama script. This research was conducted at SMAN 1 Cipatat which is located in Ciptaharja Village, West Bandung Regency. The formulation of the problem in this study is the difficulty of students in writing drama scripts. This study aims to answer the formulation of problems related to the difficulty of learning to write drama texts in students. Learning to write drama texts using the picture and picture method is expected to provide new innovations in learning and education. This research method uses descriptive qualitative and uses data collection techniques in the form of writing skills tests. Based on the results of research conducted on class XI students during the learning process of writing drama texts on the initial test getting an average score of 68.7 and the final test getting an average score of 78.2 which is included in the good category. Keywords : Learning, Writing Drama Text, Picture and Picture


One of the fascinations surrounding Antony Thomas's 1980 docudrama Death of a Princess is that it raises, in acute form, so many of the practical and theoretical problems confronting the genre. The film reconstructs a journalist's investigation into the death of a young Arab girl. Its first broadcast generated what is possibly the biggest row ever in the history of television, although the original incident had passed almost unnoticed by the world. On July 15, 1977, a royal princess and her lover were publicly executed in Saudi Arabia. It took six months before a British newspaper identified the victims and their crime as adultery. Later, a British carpenter who had been working in the Gulf claimed he had photographed the double execution. Soon, another witness entered the scene, a German nanny who said she had been a family friend and had known the princess well. As more and more conflicting stories appeared in the press, a major debate opened up in the British Parliament. When the debate and criticism threatened a diplomatic confrontation with the Saudis, Britain's foreign secretary apologized for his former condemnation of the execution. At the time of the debate, Antony Thomas was regarded as one of the most noted and probing documentary directors working in England. In 1977, his three-part series on South Africa had won him the highest British television award of the year. More important, in 1974 Thomas had made three films exploring the Arab world, so the story of the princess was to fall on fertile ground. Death of a Princess is, in fact, based on Thomas's own six-month trail through four countries, as he tried to explore and understand what happened to the Arabian girl and why. It took some while to settle on the form of the film. Doing a standard documentary was ruled out because of fears expressed by various interviewees. The original scheduled writer favored a straight drama. As Thomas told me, executive producer David Fanning, from coproducing station WGBH in Boston, argued for a documentary drama because "it combines a rigorous concern for facts that characterizes the best of journalism with the narrative thrust and dramatic strength of a screenplay." Docudrama won. In the film, Antony Thomas becomes the journalist Chris Ryder (played by Paul Freeman). The story begins at a London dinner party where the question of the princess's fate and what it represents is raised. The action then moves through different locations as the quest for truth goes on. The carpenter recalls the execution, and it is staged in Cairo in grim detail. The nanny, Elsa Gruber (played by Judy Parfit), tells us about the princess's private life. We visit the school she was supposed to have attended in Beirut. We see the civil war in Lebanon, and we visit clubs where Arab oil millionaires dance. An elderly Arab princess describes how rich Arab women in chauffeur-driven Mercedes-Benzes go looking for sexual outlets by trailing men. Someone else accuses the Saudi government of having had more than 50 rebel Air Force officers thrown out alive from planes. All this is woven in and around the princess's story. The total truth about her is never learned. It appears that she bungled her escape plans and was killed on the orders of her grandfather, but a lot remains unclear. The story of the princess is almost incidental. Thomas really is attempting to investigate the social pressures, ideals, and strains of modern Arab society. It is a society whose inner workings (at least in the late 1970s) were mostly hidden from Western eyes. The central theme of the film and the dilemma of the Arabs is laid down in one of the first scenes, in which an Arab businessman asks, "How much of our past must be abandoned, and how much of your [Western] present is worth imitating?" The issues then discussed include the force of Islam and its relationship to a royal house described by one character as "an autocratic regime having nothing to do with Islamic thought; the general behavior of women and their place in Arab society; the civil war in Lebanon; the Palestinian morass; and the question of honor in society and family relationships. …


The utility model relates to a coupling and calibrating network device of a linear-arranging intelligent antenna array. A coupling and calibrating network is combined with the linear-arranging intelligent antenna array into a whole, and thus the linear-arranging intelligent antenna array has the calibration function of the coupling and calibrating network. The utility model comprises N antenna units, N couplers and a plurality of power branches/ combiner (N is larger than or equal to two), wherein the N antenna units (21) are arranged in line to form a linear antenna array; the couplers which are microstrip directional couplers are composed of two metallic parallel microstrips with close range; the N microstrip directional couplers and the power branches/combiners are manufactured on a circuit board of a calibrating and coupling network (32); the circuit board is arranged on the rear face of the radiation direction of the linear antenna array; the N microstrip directional couplers are distributed on the circuit board of the calibrating and coupling network correspondingly to the N antenna units one by one. A metallic reflection board (31) is arranged on the rear face of the circuit board of the calibrating and coupling network (32), and thus the linear antenna array realizes directional coverage.


The physico-chemical characteristics of purified arginine kinases from prawn and swimming crab were examined. The molecular weights of prawn and swimming crab enzymes were 40,500 and 40,000, respectively. Amino acid analysis indicated that there were some differences in the contents of proline, glycine, methionine, and lysine. The other amino acid compositions of these enzymes resembled each other.Both enzymes were stable up to 20°C when they were treated for 10 min at various temperature levels. The enzymes lost their activities at temperatures higher than 25°C. They were more stable at pH 8.0 than pH 7.0. The optimum temperature for the enzyme of prawn was about 42°C and that for swimming crab was about 40°C. The pH optima for the activity of arginine kinase of prawn in the forward and in the reverse reactions were found to be 9.0 and 6.1, respectively. For the swimming crab, the similar optimum pHs at 9.2 in the forward reaction and 5.8 in the reverse reaction were observed. Both enzymes were activated...


The aims of the registration of pesticides in Europe are to define their security of use for consumers, workers and environment. To achieve this goal, we have in France the necessary structures described in the first part of the paper (Comite d'homogation, Commission des Toxiques en Agriculture, structures scientifiques mixtes, etc.). Risk is function of hazard and exposure. In terms of hazard, the valid concept is to get no effect level in different targets. However, new concepts will he introduced in the future concerning carcinogenicity, hormonotoxicity and immunotoxicity. Another important problem is the toxicity of the mixtures. In terms of exposure, it is necessary to get information on the real exposure for consumers, workers and water. With the development of analytical technologies, it is a difficult exercise but nOW possible. However, the regulatory process must be more than anything else a scientific exrcise. The presence of traces of pesticides in the environment is not necessarily a danger. Only scientific data can permit a good estimation of the risks.


The invention gambitang (Yukeuigambitang) wherein as particularly broilers (Cinnamomi Cortex) than on the method of separating the fractions having obesity activity from, thereof of (Coicis Semen), Poria cocos (Poria), safflower (Carthami Flos) of meat and after the gambitang of meat consisting of licorice (Glycyrrhizae Radix), extracted with ethanol was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a suspension, and it was suspended in distilled water; Separating the insoluble part of the suspension with dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2) to extract part and the dichloro methane is dissolved in dichloromethane; After implanting portions of CH 2 Cl 2 fraction that is soluble in the above dichloromethane to MPLC (UV 254nm) and columns (redisep normal-phase flash column) in dichloromethane and methanol are mixed developing solvent (CH 2 Cl 2: MeOH = 50: 1 to 1: 1) for development in order to to the peak fraction (peak) is detected in the order chakjeok MPLC UV 254nm 10 fractions of C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C8, C9, C10 getting to a method of separating a fraction having anti-obesity activity from gambitang of six to obtain a C5 fraction having an anti-obesity activity in the 10 fractions, C6 and C7 fraction fraction.


Objective:To explore the reasonable target plasma concentration of propofol combined with sufentanil in anesthesia of painless artificial abortion.Methods:Eighty patients were randomly divided into four groups: group I only accepted propofol at plasma concentration of 7.0μg/ml. Group II, III, and IV accepted injection of Sufentanil (0.12μg/kg) combined with propofol of plasma concentration at 5.0μg/ml, 5.5μg/ml, and 6.0μg/ml respectively. Patients' SBP, blood pressure, SpO_2, HR, and BIS were monitored. Induction time, operation time, awake time, orientation recovery time, overall consumption of propofol, patients' body motion, and postoperative uterine contraction pain were observed.Results:Compared with group Ⅰ, groups Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ had less overall consumption of propofol, shorter awake time and orientation recovery time, with more stable hemodynamics and less postoperative uterine contraction pain.Conclusions:Target plasma propofol concentration of 5.5μg/ml combined with sufentanil (0.12μg/kg) gives more efficient anesthesia and better recovery with fewer complications in painless artificial abortion.


The influence of the growth conditions during capping of CdSe/ZnSe quantum structures grown on GaAs(001) by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) were systematically investigated by high-resolution x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and temperature dependent, partly time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results clearly indicate formation of quantum wells with potential fluctuations if conventional MBE is used for capping the CdSe by ZnSe. In contrast, quantum dot formation occurs using migration enhanced epitaxy for this growth step. In the latter case, quantum dots can be obtained without formation of stacking faults.


A 2.5‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamics simulation analysis of the energy release for three different reconnection dynamics is presented. The system under investigation consists in a current‐sheet located in a medium with a strong density variation along the current layer: such system is modeled as it were located in the high chromosphere/low solar corona as in the case of pre‐ flare and coronal mass ejection (CME) configurations or in the aftermath of such explosive phenomena. By triggering different magnetic‐reconnection dynamics, that is from a laminar slow evolution to a spontaneous non‐steady turbulent reconnection [1, 2, 3], we observe a rather different efficiency and temporal behavior with regard to the energy fluxes associated with each of these reconnection‐driven evolutions. These discrepancies are fundamental key‐properties to create realistic models of the triggering mechanisms and initial evolution of all those phenomena requiring fast (and high power) magnetic reconnection events within the ...


A practical and efficient palladium-catalyzed direct allylation of β-dicarbonyl compounds with both cyclic and acyclic Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) alcohols, using Et3B as a Lewis acid promoter, is described herein. A wide range of the corresponding functionalized allylated derivatives have been obtained in good yields and with high selectivity.


This article comments on Dunn's translation of the PPVT-R into Castillian Spanish and the process he used to norm this instrument with Puerto Rican and Mexican American children. Demographic characteristics of Hispanics, specifically Puerto Ricans and Mexican Americans, in the United States are provided. A review of relevant literature excluded by Dunn in his discussion of the scholastic, intellectual, and linguistic assessment of Puerto Rican and Mexican American children follows. It is concluded that the Spanish version of the PPVT-R is inappropriate to measure receptive language in Puerto Rican and Mexican American children in the United States because it does not follow cross cultural methods for test translation and validation.


This paper examines the emerging debate on workplace privacy regulation in Australia by reference to related developments in the United States, the United Kingdom and selected European countries. Exploring the theoretical underpinnings and practical outcomes of the different approaches, the authors argue that Australia should reject the market-friendly model exemplified by the United States approach and adopt the more comprehensive and integrated approach found in Europe.


APSYCHIATEIC case register provides routine linkage of psychiatric reports from a defined set of facilities for all residents of a geographic area. The device makes pos¬ sible the study of patterns of utilization of these services on a person-by-person basis. Such "person statistics" contrast with mental health statistics which are limited to single events, such as admissions or discharges (i, 2) and do not include systematic followup information. In previous reports (3, 4) we described the methodology used in the Maryland statewide


The interleukin-2 receptor β chain (IL-2Rβ) is expressed on a variety of hematopoietic cell types, including natural killer (NK) cells and nonconventional T lymphocyte subsets such as intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). However, the importance of IL-2Rβ-mediated signaling in the growth and development of these cells has yet to be clearly established. We have investigated IEL and NK cells in mice deficient for IL-2Rβ and describe here striking defects in the development of these cells. IL-2Rβ−/− mice exhibited an abnormal IEL cell population, characterized by a dramatic reduction in T cell receptor αβ CD8αα and T cell receptor γδ lymphocytes. This selective decrease indicates that IEL can be classified into those whose development and/or differentiation is dependent on IL-2Rβ function and those for which IL-2Rβ–mediated signaling is not essential. NK cell development was also found to be disrupted in IL-2Rβ–deficient mice, characterized by a reduction in NK1.1+CD3− cells in the peripheral circulation and an absence of NK cytotoxic activity in vitro. The dependence of NK cells and certain subclasses of IEL cells on IL-2Rβ expression points to an essential role for signaling through this receptor, presumably by IL-2 and/or IL-15, in the development of lymphocyte subsets of extrathymic origin.


The purpose of this study is to analyze how European and Inter-American regional systems are positioned in relation to the issue of religious freedom, based on the analysis of some practical cases judged by the European Court and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. It begins with a discussion of religious freedom in a conceptual character. Afterwards, he briefly reports on regional systems and their formation, addressing, next, emblematic cases involving the theme of religious freedom in both systems. The objective of this article is the need for in-depth studies on the subject, always involved in controversies and opinions of the most diverse, as a way of enriching the debate.


The examination of inventory problems is not a new idea in supply chain management, however former research dealt only with the tangible assets of a company. (Giehll-Moss 2009) On the other hand, there are also considerable inventory problems in the case of human capital and human resources management. A significant question could be: how can we manage the change in human capital inventory? (Okeudo 2012) Companies implemented mass-layoffs because of the crisis but is it the right track to survive? Can companies replace those human resources which were lost during the crisis? What happens with the companies in the recovery and replacement phase? I would like to elucidate whether the supply of human resources could be understood as a human capital inventory problem.


Self-catalyzed InP nanowires were grown on Si(100) and Si(111) substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition.Morphology,crystal structure,and optical properties of the nanowires were investigated.Using scanning electron microscope(SEM),we found that the morphology of the InP nanowires grown on Si(100) was similar with that of the InP nanowires grown on Si(111).The only difference between them was the density of the nanowires.Most nanowires are long and straight;the angles between the nanowires and the Si substrate are diverse.This was attributed to the native oxide on Si substrates.The X-ray diffraction results showed that two peaks of InP(111) and InP(220) was able to be seen in the spectra.Two more peaks of InP(200) and InP(311) were observed if we continue to supply PH3 for 15 min after the nanowires growth for 7 min.The InP(220),InP(311),and InP(200) originated from InP crystal on the tip of the nanowires.Only the InP(111) originated from the InP nanowires.The transmission electron microscope(TEM) and transmission electron diffraction(TED) results showed that the nanowires exhibit zinc-blende(ZB) crystal structure;the main growth direction of the nanowires was 〈111〉;the nanowire has twin stacking faults.Temperature-dependent photoluminescence(PL) spectra of Fe doped InP substrate and InP nanowires grown on Si(100) were measured in the rages of 80 to 300 K.The PL peak at 1.425 eV for 80 K,for InP nanowires,shifted to 1.379 eV at 300 K,while the PL peak energy of InP substrate was 1.413 eV and 1.349 eV,respectively.The reasons for the blue-shift of the nanowires could be the existence of twin stacking faults.Due to laser-induced heating,the TO and LO phonon peaks of the nanowires revealed downshift and asymme-tric broadening compared with those of bulk InP at room temperature.


The American Dream is an important theme of the American Literature.This article expounds its development from the perspective of different historical periods and schools of literature.


Let D be an integral hypersurface of the projective variety, D ⊂ X a hypersurface and L a line bundle on X. Let Ex,y ⊂ X be a general union of x double points of X and y double points of X. We classifies the triple (L,x,y) for which h 1 (IEx,y ⊗L)·h 0 (IEx,y ⊗L) > 0 when X is a smooth quadric 3-fold and D is a hyperplane section of X and in some cases with X an integral quadric surface.


The developing background of the comprehensive supervisor and the necessity to develop it is briefly introduced. Design thought, functions, features, compositions and working principles are expounded. The hardware principle and the software design of the communication and record unit are detailed. The supervisor has been put into wide operation.


Abstract. Automatic crack segmentation plays an important and challenging role in pavement maintenance. In recent years, researchers have been trying to figure out the task that long dependencies and global context information could not get well established using convolutional neural networks. A method of convolutional neural network (CNN) and transformer called CrackT-net is proposed to address this issue. In the aspect of the backbone network, we propose a new backbone network named richer features (RF) UNet++, in which skip connections, gated channel transformation, and polarized self-attention are added to the UNet++ to enhance feature representation capabilities. Then, to capture more long dependencies and global context information, the last feature extraction layer is replaced by the transformer in our network. In the deep supervision module, the proposed module can progressively polish the multilevel features to be more accurate. To prove the effectiveness of our proposed method, we evaluate it on the three public crack datasets, DeepCrack, CFD, and Crack500, which achieves F-score (F1) values of 0.856, 0.700, and 0.637, respectively. After guided filtering, our method achieves F1 values of 0.859, 0.710, and 0.637 on these three datasets.


Immunotherapy has shown encouraging results in various cancers, but the response rates are relatively low due to the complex tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME). The presence of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor hypoxia correlates significantly with potent immunosuppressive activity. Here, a hemoglobin–poly(ε‐caprolactone) (Hb–PCL) conjugate self‐assembled biomimetic nano red blood cell (nano‐RBC) system (V(Hb)) is engineered to deliver chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) and oxygen for reprogramming TIME. The Hb moiety of V(Hb)@DOX can bind to endogenous plasma haptoglobin (Hp) and specifically target the M2‐type TAMs via the CD163 surface receptor, and effectively kill the cells. In addition, the O2 released by the Hb alleviates tumor hypoxia, which further augments the antitumor immune response by recruiting fewer M2‐type macrophages. TAM‐targeting depletion and hypoxia alleviation synergistically reprogram the TIME, which concurrently downregulate PD‐L1 expression of tumor cells, decrease the levels of immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL‐10 and TGF‐β, elevate the immunostimulatory IFN‐γ, enhance cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, and boost a strong memory response. The ensuing TAM‐targeted chemo‐immunotherapeutic effects markedly inhibit tumor metastasis and recurrence. Taken together, the engineered endogenous TAM‐targeted biomimetic nano‐RBC system is a highly promising tool to reprogram TIME for cancer chemo‐immunotherapy.


Objectives Social support (SS) influences the elderly ability to cope with the losses of ageing process. This study was aimed at assessing SS among elderly users of a primary healthcare unit in a poor and violent area of Rio de Janeiro City, and at verifying its association with depression, self-perceived health (SPH), marital status and chronic illnesses. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed based on a convenience sample of 180 individuals aged 60 years or older. SS was measured with part of the Brazilian version of Medical Outcomes Study's SS scale, and SPH and depression were assessed, respectively, through one question and the Brazilian version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders. SS medians were calculated for the categories of SPH, depression, marital status and chronic illnesses variables, and differences were evaluated with the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Additionally, Pearson's chi-square test and logistic regression were employed to identify unadjusted and adjusted associations between SS and those variables. Results The participant's mean age was 73 years old, and level of education was 3 years of school education on average. They were predominantly females (73.3%), and non-married (55.0%). Among them, 74.4% perceived their SS as satisfactory, 55.0% perceived their health as good, 27.8% were diagnosed with major depression and 83.3% had hypertension. Especially for those depressed and with bad SPH, the medians of SS measure were much lower than for others, reaching an unsatisfactory level. Moreover, controlling for other factors, non-depressed individuals were more likely (OR = 2.32) to have satisfactory SS. Conclusion in the violent and poor area explored in this research low SS is highly prevalent in the elderly. Depressed individuals are more likely to have low SS and this condition should be investigated in depressed elderly. The reduced scale is useful for low education individuals.


In Article 15 Paragraph (1) of Law No. 24 of 2011 about the Social Security Agency provides that employers and employees are required to enroll in stages in accordance with the Employment of BPJS social security which has followed. By rule expressly provided that employers and employees are required to enroll in accordance with the Employment of BPJS social security that has followed, but in reality there are many employers and employees who do not enroll in the social security, such as the Children's Home Furniture Industry Yogyakarta. The Children's Furniture Company Yogyakarta replaces the existing accident insurance in Employment of BPJS with guarantees which provided directly by the employer. While conducting this legal research, this type of research that is used is empirical legal research, which is a study that focuses on the behavior of the legal community. This research was accomplished directly to the respondents as the major data that is supported by secondary data consisting of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. Based on the analysis and the data that obtained, it can be concluded that the factors causing the owner of. Furniture Children of Yogyakarta does not include the workers into the labor insurance program of BPJS due to the following factors: first reason is that workers are not willing to cut the salary to pay dues for BPJS Employment guarantee program. Second, because of the complicated of bureaucracy causes employers are reluctant to enroll their workers in BPJS Employment program. Third, the number of workers who are very limited makes the employers decide to
take full responsibility for social security, especially in work accident insurance. All workers who injured at work, all the fee will be paid by the employers. The last factor is because the premium or fee relatively high lead workers do not want to be enrolled in insurance programs BPJS Employment.