In this paper, we have experimentally demonstrated faster-than-Nyquist carrierless amplitude and phase modulation quadrature phase-shift keying visible light communication system over 1.5-m free space transmission. Weighted look-up table is used to mitigate nonlinear impairment caused by amplifiers and electro-optical components. At the receiver side, recursive least square is employed to improve the decision precision. By combining these techniques, a data rate of 1.01 Gb/s is experimentally achieved with a bit error rate less than 7% forward error correction limit of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.8 \times 10^{- 3}$</tex-math> </inline-formula>. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that weighted look-up table is proposed and used in visible light communication system.


The present invention relates to the preparation method of agricultural insecticide indoxacarb.The invention provides a kind of synthetic method that can be avoided using mixed solvent and heterogeneous reaction;Methyl acetate, dimethyl carbonate, diethoxymethane equal solvent are substituted with toluene, it is to avoid the use of mixed solvent, solve the problems, such as the reuse of reaction dissolvent, improve solvent recovering rate, reduce production cost;Using the hydrogenation catalyst of polymolecularity; it instead of the mode of the water dispersed catalyst in document; eliminate the use of water; avoid the hydrolysis of raw material N chloroformyls N [4 (trifluoromethoxy) phenyl] methyl carbamate; raw material is saved; avoid the generation of impurity; not only reduce production cost but also improve the quality of product; nonpolar alkane solvents are employed in product post processing crystallization process; further increase the yield of product; better than existing production technology, good basis has been established for production high-quality indoxacarb.


Since the State Council approved the plan for building Zhengzhou Airport Economic Comprehensive Experimental Zone in 2003,the airport construction has been under way smoothly,international aviation hub construction and international air transport market development in particular has opened up a new model for rapid and sustainable development of an open economy in China's mid-western region,promoting the upgrading of economic development in Henan Province,leading to changes in development concept and improvement of government management efficiency there. It has and will continue to be the core growth pole of the Central Plains Economic Zone. The further construction of Zhengzhou Airport Economic Comprehensive Experimental Zone has played a leading and significant role in the overall development of Henan Province and more experience will be accumulated to develop China's airport economy.


How might a new content area be integrated into an academic curriculum when divisional credit hours are a zero-sum game? We assess if business entrepreneurship, an area of fast-growing pedagogical interest, can be integrated into a curriculum as part of the business policy and strategy course, an established and formerly required component of the undergraduate business curriculum. We examine the common historical basis of these two fields in commerce, their practical and academic divergence following the industrial revolution, and their current state as separate yet complimentary fields. We assess the potential for piggybacking coverage of entrepreneurship within the more established and widespread business strategy course through the careful selection of strategic management textbooks. A fundamental research question in this study is how much coverage of entrepreneurship is included in strategic management textbooks? Does it vary across strategy textbooks? We present a methodology for gauging and quantif...


Analytical Physicochemistry, Electrochemistry Electroanalysis. to sensors, electrochemical detectors coupled to chromatographic techniques, and electroanalytical bioenergy biofuels, bioproducts, and bio-refineries. papers, book


Abstract The 2021 Australian Open was like no other previous edition of the Grand Slam tennis event. Australia had virtually closed its borders due to the COVID-19 pandemic and had cut itself off from the rest of the world. Accordingly, this global event was not met with the usual enthusiasm from locals, who instead were concerned that it could increase the transmission of COVID-19 in the community. By drawing on the theories of Norbert Elias (1976, 1978) this analysis interprets the complex, evolving, dynamic environment in which the 2021 Australian Open was held. We also attempt to understand how COVID-19 intensified the ways in which Melburnians identified with and related to each other through shared experiences, and how those who displayed characteristics that did not align with their experiences and beliefs, including some of the international tennis players arriving for the Australian Open, were considered 'outsiders,'  in constant tension with 'insiders.'


Abstract Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the dosimetric effects of the metal prosthesis in radiotherapy by Siemens Primus 15 MV linac accelerator. In addition, it proposed the new material could lead to less dose perturbation. Materials and methods: The depth dose distributions of typical hip prostheses were calculated for 15 MV photons by MCNP-4C code. Five metal prostheses were selected to reveal the correlation between material type, density and dose perturbations of prostheses. Furthermore, the effects of the location and thickness of the prosthesis on the dose perturbation were also discussed and analysed. Results: The results showed that the Co-Cr-Mo alloy as the prosthesis had more influence on the dose at the interface of metal tissue. The dose increased at the entrance of this prosthesis and experienced the reduction when passed through it. Finally, the impact of the new PEEK biomedical polymer materials was also investigated, and the lowest dose perturbations were introduced based on the obtained results. Conclusion: It was found that the mean relative dose before and after of PEEK prosthesis was 99·2 and 97·1%, respectively. Therefore, this new biomedical polymer material was proposed to replace the current metal implants.


Improved cadmium electrode substrates with precisely controlled microstructures for possible use in aerospace nickel--cadmium cells were prepared. The preparation technique was a powder metallurgical process in which a fugitive pore-former and a nickel powder were blended, then isostatically compacted, and subsequently sintered. Cadmium electrodes prepared from such substrates were cycle tested by using an accelerated tortuous test regime. It was discovered that plaques of 60 percent or 80 percent porosity prepared with a 25-micron pore-former were better than state-of-the-art electrodes in terms of efficiency and/or mechanical strength. The 60 percent structures were particularly outstanding in this respect, in that they had efficiencies only 5 to 10 percentage points lower than state-of-the-art electrodes and vastly superior mechanical properties. This added strength was observed to eliminate cracking and physical degradation of the electrodes during processing and cycling. The cadmium electrodes prepared from the 80 percent porous substrates proved to be the best electrodes made during the course of the work from the point of view of highest efficiency. Three-point bend tests were used to measure mechanical properties of the plaques produced and also as a general characterization tool. In addition, the BET surface areas of selected specimens was determined. The SEM wasmore » used for judging microscopic uniformity and quantitatively determining the induced pore size and various other fine structures in the substrates. The technique of x-ray radiography was used to follow the bulk uniformity of the substrates at various stages of their processing.« less


Because of its unique medical and edible value,plantation of Dioscorea opposita Thunb.is being taken into account. In the traditional production method,it is universal to use nutrition organs to propagate,which is apt to cause its qualities to degradate and its output to drop.And with development of modern agriculture,a few high-yield foreign species replace gradually the low-yield,having important value and meeting local circumstance Dioscorea opposita Thunb.species.Thus the genuine Dioscorea opposita Thunb.are abandoned and close to extinction,which cause genuine Dioscorea opposita Thunb.germplasm resources to lapse.At present,Dioscorea opposita Thunb.germplasm resources were mainly preserved in the field.Because it not only needed a large number of manpower,material resources and financial resources,but also was affected unavoidably by various kinds of natural calamity(such as aridity,flood,hail,plant diseases and pests)and human error(such as negligent management,hanging label by mistake,etc.),Dioscorea opposita Thunb.germplasm resources were lost or mixed finally.Cryopreservation technology by vitrification based on cryobiology offered the technological assurance for preservation in vitro of Dioscorea opposita Thunb.germplasm resources,which could keep a large number of germplasm resources in the relatively narrow and small space,avoid invasion and attack of plant diseases and pests,keep genuine gene of Dioscorea opposita Thunb.,and be favorable to international exchange of Dioscorea opposita Thunb.germplasm resources.The essay studied on the cryopreservation technique of Dioscorea opposita Thunb.germplasm by vitrification.Results were as follows: A best procedure of cryopresevation by vitrification was reported using the stem with a bud as materials.At first,the plantlets of Dioscorea opposita Thunb.cultured in vitro for 60 days were treated at 4℃for 7 days.Stems of Dioscorea opposita Thunb.about 11.5 cm in length were cut and precultured for 2 days at 4℃ in 5% sucrose and 3% Mannose,they were dehydrated with 60% virtrification solution(PVS_1: 22% glycerol+13% glycol+13% polyethyleneglycol +10% dimethyl sulfoxide)for 60 minutes at room temperature and then dehydrated with 100% virtrification solution for 60 min at 0℃.At last,stems were immersed immediately into liquid nitrogen directly and conserved for 24 h.After rapidly thawing in a water bath at 37℃,the stems were washed 4 times with MS medium supplemented with 5% sucrose,then transferred and re-cultured on the MS medium supplemented with KT 2 mg/L and NAA 0.02 mg/L.The survival rate was about 77.14%.The regenerated plantlets of Dioscorea opposita Thunb.were as same as the normal plantlets in morphology.This research sets up successfully a cryopresevation system by vitrification technology for Dioscorea opposita Thunb.germplasm,offering theoretical foundation for cultivation universally and genuineness-keeping of good-quality Dioscorea opposita Thunb.species(such as Dioscorea opposita Thunb.Tiegun)in production practices and international exchange of Dioscorea opposita Thunb.germplasm resources.This experimental results also provide an effective way for conservation in vitro of Dioscorea opposita Thunb.germplasm resources,which is very significant for conservation,exploitation,production and effective utilization of Dioscorea opposita Thunb.


Quantitative analysis of lid motility is presented for 4 individuals with hemifacial spasm and 1 with Meige's syndrome. The data were obtained, by means of a magnetic search coil technique, prior to and 1 week after injection of botulinum toxin into the orbicularis oculi muscle. Before treatment, the peak velocity of blink‐related lid lowering and lid raising was slower than normal, yet lid saccades were normal. After botulinum treatment, significant decreases occurred in (1) the amplitude of blinks and lid saccades, and (2) the peak velocity of the blink down‐phase. Botulinum treatment significantly alters blink lid‐lowering kinematics, while saccadic lid‐lowering kinematics are normal, providing further evidence that the orbicularis oculi muscle does not play a primary role in downward lid saccades.


PURPOSE: To process an optically detected signal including a motion artifact in a more improved state by collecting measured time values for the wave form of optically detected signals including plural periodical information corresponding to non-periodical information regardless of a cardioarterial pulse and a pulsating flow of a patient. CONSTITUTION: The measured time value of optically detected signals including plural periodical information corresponding to a continuous pulsation can be processed in one lot and analyzed using certain frequency domain methods. These frequency domain methods use the periodicity and noise of pulse, pseudosignal, and non-synchronization of motion artifact. In order to determine the maximum relative intencity of red and infrared ray in the basic frequency and the relative minimum of background intencity in zero frequency applying these to the calculation of oxygen saturation by maximizing and minimizing the percentage moduration, the measured time value of optically detected signals including the expected number of optical pulses is collected and the optically detected signal is converted to a frequency domain and a frequency spectrum constituting element is analyzed. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


The invention relates to systems and methods for auctioning wireless device assets and providing wireless devices with an asset allocation option. An auction bidding system is provided. The system allows media content providers, such as advertisers, to define bidding constraints for a targeted audience and bid on wireless device assets, such as wireless device memory, application, ringtone, wallpaper and the like, if a biddable wireless device asset is defined. Additionally, the system provides to wireless device users with an option to participate in the allocation of their respective wireless device assets, such as memory, application, ringtone, wallpaper and the like and define conditions, such as content type, time period, and the like, which is to be met in order for the allocation of the wireless device asset to occur. In one or more aspects, wireless device users may be compensated in some form based on their willingness to opt-in to the asset allocation plan.


Abrolophus balkanicus sp. Nov. Is described and illustrated from larvae collected in Montenegro. Abrolophus stanislavae (Haitlinger) and A. Wratislaviensis (Haitlinger) are redescribed. New metric data for A. Podorasensis (Haitlinger) are given. A. Podorasensis is new to the fauna of Montenegro and A. Stanislavae is new to the fauna of Bosnia and Herzegovina.


Focused on the differential pressure at the time of generation of gas hydrate dissociation, we develop a power generator by the high-pressure gas. CO2 hydrate generates from fluid mixture of pure water and CO2. Furthermore, heating of CO2 hydrate will generate the high pressure gas by dissociation. Filling 3 MPa CO2 gas poured into 50ml water as an initial condition, repeating the cooling and heating between -5 °C and 30 °C it, can be obtained continuously a pressure differential of about 0.7 MPa.


Data packet analysis targeting instant messaging (IM) applications has become one of the most mentioned case examples in the digital forensic industry, considering that the forensic engineers can extract valuable information by analysing the data packets used by the IM software. The crucial part of this process is to accomplish a series of research and investigation, in addition to correctly implement the related forensics tools. This paper is intended to use QQ, a popular IM software in China, as an experiment example, in cooperation with various tools from Kali Linux, a digital forensics-oriented Linux distribution, to present the complete process of the data packet analysis operation. The result concludes from the experiment may be able to provide constructive suggestions to other related digital forensics cases.


This article is devoted to the questions of infusion therapy – a method of treatment, which gives the possibility of parenteral administration of various substances and medicines into the body and directions for the promotion of basic functions and bio-chemical processes in the body. We considered the organization of conducting adequate infusion therapy in a particular patient, with a specific clinical situation, the questions of the purpose and tasks of infusion therapy now and in the future (tactics and strategy), the means that will be applied, their type, volume, quantitative and qualitative correlation, ways of introduction, speed and duration of the general and, if necessary, of the skin volumetric component, methods for controlling effectiveness and safety. In addition, the issues of physiological and pathological and physiological processes taking place in the child's body and the justification of the use of different methods of infusion therapy for effective and safe infusion therapy in the child are considered.


Abstract Poly(lactic acid)-gelatin (PLA-GT) core-shell nanofibers were prepared successfully via coaxial electrospinning method using new solvents for dissolving core and shell polymers, dimethylformamide for dissolving PLA and concentrated acetic acid for dissolving gelatin. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were used to confirm the formation of core-shell structure in the nanofibers with these new solvents. Morphological investigation of the as-spun nanofibers was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which revealed a bead-free ribbon-like morphology for PLA-GT core-shell structured nanofibers with an average diameter of 347 ± 88 nm. Although compositional analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that PLA content in the prepared core-shell nanofibers was low (approximately 7.8%), the PLA presence in the nanofibers' core could improve their mechanical properties. The nanofibers' shell was crosslinked by glutaraldehyde. In addition to highly preserving nanofibrous and porous structures of the mat, the crosslinking treatment strengthened core-shell nanofibers significantly. In vitro degradation test showed that even after 11 days, the fibrous structure of crosslinked core-shell mat was maintained. The fabricated PLA-GT core-shell nanofibers have potentials in some biomedical applications. Graphical Abstract


Global climate change has been discussed with increasing focus over the recent years, and as it has significant impacts on both the natural environment and human activities, it is necessary to prepare for and adapt to the possible changes in a good time in advance. Air temperature changes, also known as global warming, are one of the main effects of global climate change. Therefore, our towns and cities are likely to experience major changes in terms of air temperatures and the risk of heat island occurrence will be rising over time. Towns and cities should begin to prepare for this phenomenon, monitor the situation and propose such measures that would mitigate climate change impacts on the urban environment and urban population or at least would not add to the existing adverse impacts. This paper presents possible ways of identifying heat islands by thermovision monitoring in an example of two selected public spaces in Hradec Kralove – namesti 28. rijna and Riegrovo namesti


This paper introduced the status of characteristic agriculture in Gansu Province,analyzed industrial competence of characteristic agriculture in Gansu Province,pointed out restricted factors for development of characteristic agriculture.Suggestions were proposed for the further development.


Device for fixing cables and all threadlike objects or longiformes one non-planar support. The invention relates to a device composed of modules of different lengths and widths, fixed at intervals with or without openings on the surfaces to be equipped, and allowing rapid installation of cable runs and their easy editing later as modules of besoin.Les consist of two strips of self-adhering fabric (2) (3) secured by one of their ends (5), and of which one (3), for fixing the module on the support, is pre- coated on its non-self-loop side of a layer of adhesive protected until its implementation by a peelable impermeable film, and the other (2) is longer than the first (3), its width may be different, and its free end being provided with a tongue facilitating the uncoupling of the two strips (2) (3) .For enhance adhesion of the modules to the support, the fastener (5) interconnecting the two strips (2) (3 ) is doubled and the lower band (3) comprises an enlarged portion at its free end.


We extend recent work on mathematical morphology for signal processing on weighted graphs, based on discrete tropical algebra. The framework is general and can be applied to any scalar function defined on a graph. We show applications in structure tensors analysis and the regularisation of greyscale images.


The success of any outsourced activity depends on the selection of right vendor and its relationship with the firm (Arshad et al., 2008). The selection of the right vendor is the most difficult challenge for the outsourcing firm. The study examines the client–vendor relationship of outsourcing firm and its affect on the firm's financial performance. The study is primarily based on first-hand information gathered from managers of medium-scale firms. The data has been collected through schedule. Based on theoretical considerations, a model has been proposed linking the client–vendor relation and the cost and quality of the product with the firm's financial performance. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis empirically tested and validated the underlying scales, namely, client–vendor relationship scale and financial performance scale. Structural equation modelling was employed to test the model. Data analysis revealed that there is significant impact of client–vendor relationship on firm's financial performance as well as on cost and quality of the product. Further, direct and indirect effect of client–vendor relation, cost and quality on financial performance has been discovered.


Beyond the positive perception people have of the Pampas respect regions of Argentina, it has strong internal asymmetries. This work aims to measure and contribute to the explanation of these inequalities through the analysis of a set of significant environmental and socioeconomic indicators of the level of wellbeing. The information at departmental level (219 units) will be analyzed for subregions.


der the guidance of the concept of "the Spirit of the Living God," often aiding the memory by artistic alliteration. This concise analysis will be much appre ciated by students of the New Testa ment. The study is introduced by a brief chapter on the Spirit of the Lord in the Old Testament, summarized under three categories in historical order: the Ecstatic Spirit (Primitive), the Mes sianic Spirit (Prophetic) and the Crea tor Spirit (Post-Exilic). This is fol lowed by a survey of the New Testa ment which might be summarized as follows: I. The Nature of the Spirit: the Spirit as Power (Mark), the Spirit as Presence (Matt .) , The Spirit as Promise (Luke), the Spirit as Witness (Acts). I I . The Activity of the Spirit: The Spirit and Proclamation (I and I I Thess.), The Spirit and Edification (I and I I Cor.), The Spirit and Justifica tion (Gal.), The Spirit and Salvation (Rom.), The Spirit and Spiritual Unity (the Prison Epistles), and The Spirit and Organic Unity (the Pastorals). I I I . The Characteristics of the Spirit: The Spirit of Truth (John and I John), The Spirit of Wisdom (James), The Spirit of Grace (Heb.), The Spirit of Glory (I and I I Peter, Jude), The Spirit of Prophecy (Rev.). Moody is at his best in the sections on the Old Testament, the Synoptics, and the Acts. Here the theme is clear and the discussion to the point with helpful summaries. Beginning with Paul, the study becomes more involved, and while the thought in the main is clear, the wealth of material presented often gets in the way. This reviewer has deep appreciation for the author's grasp of biblical thought and his ability to cut through much critical discussion to clarity of state ment. Yet he would have wished two things from Dr. Moody: ( i ) a treat ment of the relation of the Spirit of the Lord in the Old Testament to the Holy Spirit of the New, who "proceeds from the Father and the Son" or "from the Father through the Son"; and (2) a summary chapter relating his biblical analysis to man's desire for renewal in the present, showing how "the age of the Spirit may yet prepare the way for the age of glory," unless the latter is "the impossible dream."


For the radiometric calibration of the MOMS-2P camera on board of the Russian MIR-station an inflight sun calibration method using a diffuser plate in front of the optics is applied. By tilting the diffuser plate by 20 degrees with respect to the entrance optics the direct sunlight is reflected into the optics. Prior to the absolute radiometric calibration of every pixel the image has to be corrected for relative radiometric disturbances along the scan lines. The reasons are the odd/even effect and the CCD typical non-uniformity. To correct for these effects relative calibration tables, derived from the diffuser plate calibration, are applied to the image. The applicability and stability of these tables is only given to an accuracy of about 1-2% in the nominal case. Therfore the remaining disturbances, probably caused by deficiencies of the internal electronic amplifier circuits and temperature variations, are removed using empirical methods. To correct for these random type of image failures, a digital filter in the spatial domain was developed. It is based on an averaging technique that acts in a large kernel size. Since there seems not to be complete linearity for very high and very low brightness levels, these levels have to be excluded from the averaging procedure. The image contrast and information content is less influenced than with other known filter techniques. In this paper the procedure to derive the level L1A Data in shown. After correcting for the relative radiometric differences the measured solar irradiance values can also be used for absolute calibration because the extraterrestrial spectrum of the sun is very well known. The methods to derive the absolute calibration factors are described and first results are presented.


Author's Summary— This article presents a short review of word counts up to the present time and the results of a new and extensive French word count. The uses to which these word counts may be put have been discussed critically.


We discuss structure-preserving model order reduction for port-Hamiltonian systems based on an approximation of the full-order state by a linear combination of ansatz functions which depend themselves on the state of the reduced-order model. In recent years, such nonlinear approximation ansatzes have gained more and more attention especially due to their effectiveness in the context of model reduction for transport-dominated systems which are challenging for classical linear model reduction techniques. We demonstrate that port-Hamiltonian reduced-order models can often be obtained by a residual minimization approach where a special weighted norm is used for the residual. Moreover, we discuss sufficient conditions for the resulting reduced-order models to be stable. Finally, the methodology is illustrated by means of two transport-dominated numerical test cases, where the ansatz functions are determined based on snapshot data of the full-order state.


OBJECTIVE
Reactive oxygen species have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and vascular disease. We have undertaken a controlled trial to evaluate probucol, a synthetic antioxidant, as a potential therapy for Raynaud's phenomenon.

METHODS
The study cohort included patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc; n = 20), primary Raynaud's phenomenon (n = 15) or 'autoimmune Raynaud's' (n = 5). Patients were allocated to receive either probucol (500 mg daily) or nifedipine (20 mg daily) for 12 weeks. Clinical and biochemical variables at baseline were compared with those at completion of treatment. Evaluation included assessment of Raynaud's attack frequency and severity by visual analogue scale, measurement of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation lag time, and plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglyceride, vitamin E and vitamin C.

RESULTS
There was a significant reduction of both the frequency and severity of Raynaud's attacks in the patients who received probucol, but not in the control group. LDL oxidation lag time, reflecting in vitro susceptibility to oxidation, was also increased by probucol therapy and serum cholesterol levels were significantly reduced. Similar changes were observed in both SSc- and non-SSc-associated Raynaud's cases.

CONCLUSION
These data suggest that probucol may be useful for the symptomatic treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon and also reduces LDL oxidation susceptibility. Since oxidized lipoproteins may mediate vascular damage in SSc, the use of probucol could have additional disease-modifying benefits. Based upon the results of this pilot study, further evaluation of this novel form of therapy is warranted.


Rutin is capable of chelating metal ions. The complex of rutin and germanium ion was studied by UV spectrophotometry. Its scavenging effects against superoxide radical and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical were also determined. The results showed the formation of rutin-germanium complex with stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 in KH_2PO_4-NaOH buffer and the complex exhibited good free radical scavenging activity.


Our investigation showed that the natural population composition of Culter alburnus showed apparent variation in Xingkai Lake in recent years.In 1982,about 56% of fishing output was mature adults(4—11 years).But,in 1998,the proportion of 4—11 year-old fish was reduced dramatically to 12.8% and the adult fish could be captured only in the first ten-days of May.Meanwhile,about 38.7% of captured fish were 1-year young fish.Small young individuals increased and their growth became slow.The variation of growth can be described as following growth equations and body equations. The growth model of Culter alburnus in Xingkai Lake. 1982: L=103.1567 (1-e -0.1173(t+1.36826)) W=13266.1252 (1-e -0.1173(t+1.36826)) 2.9974 where L is body length (25.02—80.67cm) W is body weight (0.189—6.20kg) t is age (1—11 year-old.) 1998: L=105.3910 (1-e -0.1262(t+0.597065)) W=15049.8555 (1-e -0.1262(t+0.597065)) 3.10611 where L is body length (19.23—80.99cm) W is body weight (0.076—6.64kg) t is age (1—11 year-old) The relationship between body weight and body length of Culter alburnus in Xingkai Lake. 1982:W=0.01223L 2.99743(r=0.9757,n=226,F=2495.93F 0.01(1,225)=6.82) 1998:W=0.007843L 3.10611(r=0.9764,n=258,F=5224.17F 0.01(1,257)=6.74) The female Culter alburnus matures at 5 years old in Xingkai Lake.It lays floating eggs and the breeding date is about from the last ten-days of June to the middle ten-days of July.Mature adults migrate to spawning field in breeding season and spawn when continual wind and wave appears.Xingkai Lake is a boundary lake between China and Russia.On the side of China,Baiyutan beach was once the spawning field.But the breeding stock of Culter alburnus was not found from 1998 to 2002.


Turbulence measurements of scales as small as two inches have been made in the ocean with hot-wire equipment which was especially designed for use in sea water. Observations have been made of the variation of the turbulence spectrum over a tidal cycle in the Strait of Juan de Fuca and of the influence of an underwater obstacle in altering the spectral distribution. A preliminary experiment has been carried out to correlate velocity and pressure fluctuations due to turbulence in the ocean. From the work done to date the specifications for a hot-wire instrument for use in the sea can be outlined. A review of several types of turbulence measuring instruments that have been used in water is included.


Parameter setting is a process primary used to specify in what kind of vehicle an electronic control unit of each type is used. This thesis is targeted to investigate whether the current strategy t ...


Between 1993 and 2005, 57 patients with follicular lymphoma underwent high-dose chemo/radiotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), 49 Allogeneic, (16 Bone Marrow and 33 Peripheral Blood), 6 MIN, 2 MUD. Median age was 47 years. Median days to neutrophil and platelet engraftment after HSCT were 18 and 13 days respectively. Twenty-five patients experienced Acute GVHD and thirty-four had Chronic GVHD (12 mild and 22 extensive). Thirty-three patients were in grade 1, 17 in grade 2, 4 in grade 3 and 3 grade 4. As of their FLIPI score, 4, 14, 21 and 18 patients were calculated to have score of 0, 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Forty-one patients are alive. Two patients have relapsed, one a year and the other two years after HSCT. The 5 year survival was 71.9% (95% CI 57.5–82.2%) and 5 year survival was 67.2% (95% CI 52.3–78.5%). Transplant related mortality rate (TRM) in 5 year was 22.4% (95% CI 63.6–86.8%). No significant differences was found among FLIPI groups 0,1,2 and 3 in terms of overall, relapse-free survival, TRM Allogeneic HSCT for patients with progressive follicular lymphoma is feasible and may result in prolonged disease-free survival.


Activity Theory for Design From Checklist to Interview.- Visual Representation of Complex Information Structures in High Volume Manufacturing.- VIHO - Efficient IT Support in Home Care Services.- Design of a Resource Allocation Planning System.- Embedding complementarity in HCI methods and techniques - designing for the "cultural other".- Using Sketching to Aid the Collaborative Design of Information Visualisation Software - A Case Study.- Linking requirements specification with interaction design and implementation.- Human Motion Analysis in Treadle Pump Devices.- Continuous Fitness at Home: Designing Exercise Equipment for the Daily Routine.- Design Sketching for Space and Time.- The Design Sketching Process.- Principles and Practice of Work Style Modeling: Sketching Design Tools.- A simple design for a complex work domain - the role of sketches in the design of a Bachelor study's new folder structure for use by teachers, students and administrators.- Design as Dialogue - a New Design Framework.


The July 2018 issue of the NASN School Nurse, featured the first in a series of articles exploring the history, examining the present, and visioning the future of our organization in celebration of NASN's 50th anniversary. While Parts 1 through 4 of this series focuses on the past and present, Part 5 is the first of two articles presenting the force of the future. In developing the content for Part 5, the authors posed a question to past and current NASN Officers, State Directors, and other school nursing colleagues. Areas of identified importance are grouped into the following major headings: research, education, collaboration, advocacy, image, technology, and leadership.


51. Bits and pieces, 20. Obtaining high quality graphs, mathematical, chemical symbols, and enlarged type faces for preparing transparencies from a dot-matrix printer.


Network reachability is one of the key factors for capturing end-to-end network behavior and detecting the violation of security policies. While quantifying network reachability within one administrative domain is already difficult, quantifying network reachability across multiple administrative domains is more difficult because the privacy of security policies becomes a serious concern and needs to be protected through this process. In this paper, we propose the first cross-domain privacy-preserving protocol for quantifying network reachability. Our protocol constructs equivalent representations of the Access Control List (ACL) rules and determines network reachability while preserving the privacy of the individual ACLs. This protocol can accurately determine the network reachability along a network path through different administrative domains. We have implemented and evaluated our protocol on both real and synthetic ACLs. The experimental results show that the online processing time of an ACL with thousands of rules is less than 25 seconds, the comparison time of two ACLs is less than 6 seconds, and the communication cost between two ACLs with thousands of rules is less than 2100 KB.


.- The behavior of iron atoms in calcium-silicate glasses has been studied by the Mossbauer effect. The equilibrium concentration ratio, N Fe 3+ / N Fe 2+ > increases as the CaO content or the partial oxygen pressure during heat treatments increases. In the glasses containing a large amount of Fe 2 0 3 , Fe 2 * ions occupy octahedral sites, while Fe 3+ ions behave as amphoteric ions. For a small partial oxygen pressure, N Fe '+ t /N Fe ^ t increases slightly with increasing Ca0/Si0 2 ratio. In glasses contai ning a small amount of Fe 2 0 3 , the coordination state of Fe 3 * ion has not been made clear, while the Fe 2+ ion occupies tetrahedral sites besides octahedral sites. In steel-refinements and welding, it is impor tant to investigate the slag of Ca0-Si02-Fe 2 03 sys tem. In this work, the redox reaction and coordina tion behavior of iron atoms in Ca0-Si0 2 slags con taining 10 mol% Fe 2 0 3 and 0.2 mol% Fe 2 0 3 have been studied by the Mossbauer effect as function of CaO/Si0 2 ratio and partial oxygen pressure during heat treatments.


Using beer yeast as a raw material,the factors,such as,yeast concentration,time,pH,autolyzed temperature,and wheat root lixivium dosage were studied by single tests,then according to the Central Composite experimental design principles,these factors were analyzed with RSM,and the optimum conditions were obtained as follows,under 20% yeast latex,NaCl dosage 3.0%,pH6.6,autolyzed temperature 59 ℃,autolyzed time 12 h,then added wheat root lixivium 4.9%,processing 3 h at 60 ℃,the content of nucleotide in extraction liquid would reached over 0.34 g/100 mL.


Based on the importance and crucial of developing our international trade in services,the article points out one of the necessary conditions of constituting our country′s international trade in services developing strategy in 21 century is set about to establish and consummate the statistic system of international trade in services.Secondly,the article emphasizes to introduce the works which the three international organizations,they are International Monetary Funds,World Trade Organization and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,have achieved.Meanwhile,the advanced and successful measures USA had adopted in international trade in services are introduced.Finally,purposed to improve the current relatively backward reality,the article puts forward three constructive suggestion which surround the aspects of the principle and direction,the detail process of establishing and consummating our country′s statistic system of international trade services,and how to deal well with the relationship between the statistic system of international trade in services and the statistic work in domestic services industry.


. Abstract Background: Radical cystectomy is the standard treatment for bladder cancer patients. The application of designed nursing protocol in dealing with patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy can provide simple and more effective measure to improve clinical outcomes and reduce risk of complications. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of designed nursing protocol on self-reported outcomes among patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy. Design: Quasi-experimental research design was utilized to fulfill the aim of this study. Setting: Urology department at Benha University Hospital. Subject: convenient sample consisted of (43) patients of both sexes with bladder cancer who attended the urology department to undergo radical cystectomy with urinary diversion for six months. Tools of data collection: Two tools were used by the researcher to collect data for this study Tool I: Structured Interviewing questionnaire involving following three parts: Socio Demographic Characteristics, Patients' Clinical Data and Structured Patients Knowledge Assessment. Tool II


Joint Spatial Division and Multiplexing (JSDM) is a recently proposed scheme to realize massive MIMO for FDD systems. This scheme is carried out using two steps: partitioning MS into groups in terms of covariances of each group; harnessing a two-stage beamforming: a precoder to mitigate inter-group interference by spatial correlation and a mutli-user precoder to counterbalance intra-group interference. Dual polarized massive MIMO aims to stave off the spatial constraint of 5G massive mimo. Diverging from pervious contributions which equally distribute MS into groups, this paper focuses mainly on an adaptive MS clustering algorithm for massive mimo JSDM scheme to optimize system performance. Simulation results show that the system outdoes the former JSDM FDD system.


This empirical study investigates foreign aid's effectiveness in stimulating growth by considering economic policies and the factors that influenced aid flow in Sri Lanka during the period of 1980-2008. For both analyses, a single-equation instrumental variable estimation method is employed. The results derived from this study suggest that aid is positively associated with growth in a good policy environment in Sri Lanka. Regarding determinants, in terms of trade openness and budget deficits the results suggest that aid was transferred into Sri Lanka under a conditional policy environment. Inflation is positively associated with aid flow. Unrest in the country and per capita growth negatively influenced aid, whereas commercial interests, natural disasters, political stability, and poverty are positively associated with aid inflow.


Antibiotic has been used to enhance physiological well-being in animal husbandry cum aquaculture; however resistance of pathogenic microorganisms resulting from its use poses serious challenges to both animal and human being. Man has used nature's resources to his benefit since creation; one of such resources is herbal additives that are readily available and effective with no residual effects, but there is little information on their utilization in fish farming in Nigeria. This study evaluated the utilization of powdered Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) on growth performance and production economy of Clarias gariepinus. Six isonitrogenous herbal diets (40% Crude protein), with the following inclusion levels (VAM1/Control; 0.00% - VAM6; 0.10%) were fed twice daily at 5% body weight to twenty Clarias gariepinus per treatment, in triplicates for 12 weeks. Mean Weight Gain (MWG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), Mean Feed Intake (MFI), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) and Profit indices (PI), Cost Benefit Ratio (Ber) and water parameters were determined using standard methods. Results obtained showed that VAM4 diet gave the highest MWG (65.02±1.70g); SGR (0.87±0.01%/day); PER (0.96±0.01); and lowest FCR (2.57±0.04) but highest PI (6.4) and Ber (1.63) respectively as compared with others diets. However the highest MFI (138.25±1.57) was recorded from fish fed VAM5 diet and least from VAM1 (106.32±1.73). Values for DO, PH and Temperature ranged from 6.67 mg/l (VAM1) - 6.82mg/l(VAM6), 5.56(VAM1-6.87(VAM2) and 26.67°C (VAM2) - 26.81°C(VAM1) respectively. These parameters of the culture water values were within the range recommended for catfish. The use of bitter leaf improves the rearing indices and profitability of catfish production; therefore, its adoption along integrated farming in sustainable agriculture and ethnomedicine development is advocated to reduce poverty and enhance human building capacity.


Flax, Linum usitatissimum, cultivars are grown throughout the world. Flax oil is a dietary source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E, as well as phospholipids, sterols, and phenolic acids. Linseed plays a pivotal role in protecting cells from oxidative damage associated diseases, i.e., atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and inflammation. In this study, two groups of L. usitatissimum seeds were used to evaluate and compare the content and composition of tocochromanols (vitamin E) and fatty acids. Group I included accessions originating from Poland and the Ukraine, while Group II encompassed worldwide flax cultivars (such as from the United States, Argentina, and Italy). A comparison of the tocochromanol profiles showed a higher content in Group I, although there were no significant differences in tocopherol content and composition between the genotypes within this group. All accessions in Groups I and II contained γ-tocotrienol and plastochromanol-8, which confirms the high nutritional value of flaxseeds. The composition of fatty acids varied depending on the varieties, with linolenic acid showing the greatest discrepancy. Based on the tocochromanol content and fatty acid composition, we conducted a principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis, which revealed a greater similarity among the accessions in Group I. An analysis of the tocochromanol and fatty acid composition of flaxseeds is important from an agronomic and medicinal perspective and can be used to select the most appropriate flax cultivar.


To eliminate the impact of the Doppler effects caused by the motion of the Mars explorer, a novel X-ray pulsar navigation method based on a closed-loop filter is proposed. In the pulsar signal observation period, the Doppler velocity predicted by the orbit dynamic model and the prior information is utilised to compensate the X-ray photon time-of-arrival (TOA). However, because of the error in prior information, there is a bias caused by the Doppler compensation in the pulse time-of-arrival. The pulse TOA bias and the Mars explorer's state estimation error are correlated, which results in the decline of the Kalman filter performance. To deal with this problem, we build the TOA measurement model with respect to the state estimation error, and utilise the closed-loop extended Kalman filter (EKF) as the navigation filter, where the predicted state error is adopted as the state estimation. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility, real-timeliness and effectiveness of the proposed navigation method. The navigation method based on the closed-loop EKF using the measurement model with the Doppler effects is more accurate than the traditional one.


Using nozzle beams of n-H/sub 2/, p-H/sub 2/, n-D/sub 2/, and o-D/sub 2/ gases, with incident energies and angles in the ranges 20-75 meV, 30/sup 0/-70/sup 0/, we have measured the initial sticking probability, S/sub 0/ on a cold (approx. 15 K) Cu(100) surface. S/sub 0/ comprises a smooth background and a series of peaks with maxima occurring when the incident energy equals a rotational excitation energy. We argue that background and structure arise primarily from parallel-momentum-nonconserving phonon processes during the initial collision.


Summary: Physical activity and eating habits are very important determinants of health. The aim of the study is to demonstrate relationship between the level of activity and eating habits of students. The study involved 1,291 female students with an average age of 19.5, from 12 fields of study of the National University in Lutsk, Ukraine. In order to assess the activity levels the authors applied long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and eating habits were surveyed via a questionnaire prepared at the Institute of Agricultural Medicine in Lublin. With regards to behaviors related to eating habits a significantly higher activity was observed in people suffering from fear of food. In the case of behaviors related to care for the appearance and the figure, a higher physical activity was shown among students performing exercises to reduce and to gain weight. Very insignificant use of the test participants of unhealthy means indicates appropriate health-promoting attitudes of the female students.


In the process of knowledge sharing,individual intention directly determines whether the sharing behavior takes place. For this reason,this paper constructed a research model by combining the social capital theory with the planned behavior theory. The affecting factors of the attitude and intention of knowledge sharing of employees were discussed with the service industry as the object of study and using the questionnaire survey mode. The results indicate that trust,image,loss of knowledge power have significant impacts on the attitude toward knowledge sharing. Besides,the attitude toward knowledge sharing,the subjective norm and the perceived behavior control have significant impacts on the intention of knowledge sharing. However,being ready to help others has no significant impacts on the attitude toward knowledge sharing.


This article induces and analyzes the contradictions in the process of "On Job Learning": through the philosophic thinking of "Workplace Learning",with draw up study plan,make up wide range of study schedule,to highlight knowledge points in classroom teaching,to build up students-centered humanistic learning support service platform and to implement administration system of learning processes.The effectiveness is proved by the case results of learning style reform.


Prostate cancer patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy experienced changes in mental and emotional well-being during treatment, although there was no meaningful decline in emotional quality of life 2 years after treatment, a recent study found.


Coupled double quantum well field-effect transistors with a grating gate exhibit a terahertz ({approx}600 GHz) photoconductive response that resonates with standing two dimensional plasma oscillations under the gate and may be the basis for developing a fast, tunable terahertz detector. The application of a precisely aligned in-plane magnetic field produces no detectable change in the device DC conductance but produces a dramatic inversion, growth of the terahertz photoconductive response and frequency shift of the standing plasmon resonances. The frequency shift can be described by a significant mass increase produced by the in-plane field. The mass increase is substantially larger than that calculated from a single well and we presume that a proper treatment of the coupled double quantum well may resolve this discrepancy.


A technique for correcting spelling and typographical errors in Library of Congress subject headings occurring in topical and geographic subject heading fields of bibliographic records in the OCLC data base is tested. A three phase error correction procedure is employed. The three major steps consist of: (1) creation of an initial subject heading file, (2) formation of subject heading keys, and (3) correction of spelling and typographical errors. The technique compares each entry under consideration for possible errors to every other entry which: (1) has the same initial characters, (2) has a valid status indicator, (3) and is within one character in length of the entry being checked. The entry being checked is identified as an addition error if its key length is one more than that of the key length of the entry to which it is being compared. If the key length is one less, it is identified as an omission error. If the key lengths are equal and one character does not match, the entry is assumed to be a substitution error. A transposition error is identified when the key lengths are the same and two adjacent characters do not match. In this way all errors of addition, omission, substitution, and transposition are identified. Corrections were also made for variations in spacing, punctuation, and capitalization. This study found that, overall, 80% of pairings to identify all occurrences of addition, omission, substitution, and transposition errors were valid. The most common error type corrected was omission. Transposition errors were the least frequently occurring error type.
Also tested in this study was a technique to correct MARC tag and subfield code errors. It was found that the procedure corrected 85% of the errors in the assignment of MARC tags for topical main headings and geographic main headings, and 90% of the errors in the assignment of subfield codes for general, place, and period subdivisions. When all error types were considered, it was found that 21% of the subfield entries contained variant forms.
The practical implication of these findings is that errors of the three types corrected for: (1) spelling/typographical errors, (2) spacing, punctuation, and capitalization variants, and (3) MARC tag and subfield code errors are pervasive in topical and geographic subject heading fields of OCLC records, but that the correction of a majority of such errors is feasible using the error correction procedures described in this study.


About fifteen years ago publishers began to undertake a great number of projects designed to produce reference works. Some were called dictionaries; others, encyclopedias; and still others, companions. Cambridge extended its series of books of long essays bound together called histories. I participated in several of these projects3 and enjoyed doing so. How I managed to miss participating in this one is a bit of mystery to me. However, missing a weekend


LINKED CONTENT
This article is linked to Gordon et al and Chee et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16155 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16215


Authors agree that a sustainable industry requires innovative approaches [1] with an increased emphasis on decisions over process selection [2]. This paper proposes an innovative approach for sustainable process design based on two known tools: BAT (Best Available Techniques) Analysis, meant to be the support for decision making during process selection and design, and process simulation, which works as an evaluation tool to compare alternatives. BAT Analysis [3] involves a deep knowledge of the process considered to develop an inventory of candidate techniques, proving a technical sheet with related information for each of them. Based on this information, techniques for the specific situation can be selected for implementation. On the other hand, process simulation is a useful tool to predict process behaviour in response to changes in one or more variables [4]. This paper proposes a new methodology to improve the sustainability of industrial processes combining these tools. The first one, BAT Analysis, is used to analyse the considered plant and to select the candidate techniques for implementation. Then the selected alternatives are evaluated using simulation, which would determine the configuration that best improves the sustainability of the process. The combination of both tools in an integrated methodology will help decision makers to select the most sustainable configuration for a given process. The methodology has been validated in a hydrogen production plant. Results show, after the analysis of several scenarios representing the implementation of different candidate techniques, that the energy efficiency of the process is highly improved when the appropriate combination of BAT is applied.


C26H30N2, monoclinic, C12/cl (no. 15), a = 20.434(2) A, b = 8.551(1) A, c = 26.498(2) A,/? = 102.889(1)°, V= 4513.4 A, Z= 8, RpfF) = 0.062, wRnf(F) = 0.187, Τ =293 Κ. Source of material First, 2.0 g (10.7 mmol) of 6-bromopyridine-2-carbaldehyde and 2.03 mL (1.91 g, 10.7 mmol) of 2,6-diisopropylaniline were dissolved in 30 mL of ethanol and the mixture was heated at reflux for 2 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and 3.59 g (97 %) of pale yellow crystalline material (I) was obtained and used without further purification. A solution of 1.39 mL (1.93 g, 10.4 mmol) of 2-bromo-m-xylene in 30 mL THF was added to 0.30 g (12.5 mmol) magnesium turnings and the resulting suspension stirred and activated using 0.2 mL of 1,2-bromoethane. An exothermic reaction took place and an ice bath was used to cool the reaction mixture when the reaction became too vigorous. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h, then filtered and the filtrate (Π) directly used. To a solution of 3.0 g (8.69 mmol) I in 30 mL of dioxane was added a suspension of 0.11 g (0.87 mmol) FeCh in 10 mL of THF. The Grignard solution Π was then slowly added to the stirred suspension. The reaction mixture was heated to 70 °C for 48 h. 100 mL of water and 80 mL of diethyl ether were added and the resulting suspension transferred to a 500 mL separating funnel. The organic phase was collected and the inorganic phase washed with diethyl ether two times and extracted. The combined organic phases were washed with a saturated sodium chloride solution and dried with Na2S04. The organic phase was concentrated to dryness under vacuum resulting in a brown oily product. The oil was purified using silica chromatography (pentane) and then crystallized from pentane at -25 °C to afford pale yellow crystals suitable for X-ray crystal structure analysis (yield 1.16 g (39 %), m.p. 142.5 °C). Discussion As neutral metal complexes are required for selective oligomerization of ethylene or bis-alkoxycarbonylation of styrene, Bianchini and co-workers developed a series of substituted iminopyridine ligands [1-3]. The title compound, our search by SciFinder proceeded without any results, is a new sterically demanding member of this type of ligands. The bulky phenyl substituents in the 6-position of the pyridine and at the imino Ν atom are twisted with regard to the pyridine ring, and the dihedral angles are 118.6° and 98.1 respectively. Both phenyl rings form a dihedral angle of 68.8°. The significant shortening of the C6—N2 bond (1.25 A) indicates the imino function. In the uncoordinated ligand, the free electron pairs at the Npyndine and Njmino atoms are transoid. The C6-N2-C7 angle with 119.8° is much smaller than the C5-C6-N2 angle with 123.0°. Table 1. Data collection and handling. Crystal: Wavelength: μ· Diffractometer, scan mode: 20nux: WAUVasoitd. Nfhklhwpc: Criterion for /ote, Nfhkl)^: AYparamAefined·' Programs: pale yellow prism, size 0.4 χ 0.5 χ 0.6 mm Mo K" radiation (0.71069 A) 0.63 cm Stoe IPDS Π, ω/φ 52.12° 31342,4468 /obs>2CTf/obs;, 3001 253 SIR97 [4], SHELXL-97 [5] Table 2. Atomic coordinates and displacement parameters (in A). * Correspondence author (e-mail: email@example.com) Atom Site X y ζ Uiso H(2) 8/ -0.0275 -0.3555 0.3104 0.088 H(3) 8/ -0.0779 -0.2539 0.3733 0.098 H(4) 8/ -0.0126 -0.1203 0.4430 0.085 H(6) 8/ 0.1650 -0.0608 0.4627 0.074 H(9) 8/ 0.2317 0.0372 0.6549 0.092 H(10) 8/ 0.2624 0.2883 0.6421 0.102 H(ll) 8/ 0.2184 0.4149 0.5656 0.096 H(13) 8/ 0.1314 0.2503 0.4509 0.093 H(14A) 8/ 0.0399 0.4166 0.4461 0.203 H(14B) 8/ 0.0564 0.4292 0.5066 0.203 H(14C) 8/ 0.0339 0.2686 0.4797 0.203 H(15A) 8/ 0.2161 0.4401 0.4711 0.154 H(15B) 8/ 0.1690 0.5446 0.4963 0.154 H(15C) 8/ 0.1505 0.5113 0.4366 0.154 H(16) 8/ 0.1242 -0.2013 0.5611 0.102 H(17A) 8/ 0.0986 -0.2793 0.6390 0.286


This paper presents a proposal for a content-enhanced syllabus model aimed at teaching and learning English in the Degree in Infant Education. The proposal addresses the challenge of providing meaningful learning opportunities to develop the linguistic and communicative competence of the learners. It acknowledges the limitations of the general needs approach commonly used in coursebook-driven English Language Teaching (ELT) within this specific context. Instead, the proposal considers the future professional needs of the learners. Thus, the main goals of the proposal are to develop the learners' learning-to-learn competence, focusing on learning strategies and self-directed learning resources, while fostering their language awareness, particularly in terms of pronunciation and form-meaning mappings. Additionally, the proposal incorporates a lexical, discourse-based approach that emphasizes the importance of multi-word units in language structure, second language learning, and language use. It prioritizes practices like noticing and cognitive engagement, supported by thinking routines, as well as exposure to relevant and rich input. In this way, the proposed content-enhanced syllabus translates into an instructional design based on validated principles of Second Language Acquisition. It revolves around meaning-focused language tasks, functional activities, and the utilization of authentic multimodal materials. This type of syllabus requires active participation from the learners, encouraging them to take an active role in their own learning process. By implementing this proposal, it is hoped that learners will enhance their linguistic and communicative competence, as well as their ability to learn effectively.


According to material requirements planning,material substitutions often happen to ensure order delivery and product quality in steel production process for Make-To-Order iron steel enterprise.Rules of material substitution are established and cost optimized controlling model of material substitution was built to deal with cost control problem of material substitution.Objective function of the model was to minimize total cost of both stock and task lateness.Operations Research and genetic algorithm were used to answer this model.Finally,application research was conducted and its promising future was revealed.


Starting from the experiments of Peter Gorer, evidence accumulating over the last ten years shows that tumours which arise in experimental animals as a result of exposure to carcinogens chemical, physical or viral contain certain components in their plasma membrane which differ from those present in normal cells. The existence of such substances was revealed by techniques involving transplantation within pure-line animals (i.e. colonies in which all members are genetically identical and will accept skin grafts from one another). These tumour-specific antigens are difficult to detect by normal serological techniques and are identified by causing a host reaction predominantly cell mediated which is selectively cytotoxic to the tumour cells and not to the host cells. The realization that autochthonous tumours are, to some extent, foreign to the host in which they arise has given a great impetus to the search for immunological procedures that may be useful in the treatment of cancer. Several approaches have so far been investigated (see World Health Organization 1966) and the choice of method depends to a considerable extent on the nature of the host resistance to the tumour. In experimental animals the following situations have been encountered:


REVIEWS The American Newspaper Columnist, Sam G. Riley. Communications Policy and the Public Interest: The Telecommunications Act of 2996, Patricia Aufderheide. Defining Moments in Journalism, Nancy J. Woodhull and Robert W. Snyder, eds. Delights, Desires, and Dilemmas: Essays on Women and the Media, Ann C. Hall, ed. Encyclopedia of Television News, Michael D. Murray, ed. Engaging the Public: How Government and the Media Can Reinvigorate American Democracy, Thomas J. Johnson, Carol E. Hays, and Scott P. Hays, eds. From Glasnost to the Internet; Russia's New Infosphere, Frank Ellis. Global News Access: The Impact of New Communications Technologies, Carla B. Johnston. Graphic Opinions: Editorial Cartoonists and Their Art, Jack Colldeweih and Kalman Goldstein, eds. The Internationalization of Television in China: The Evolution of Ideology, Society, and Media since the Reform, Junhao Hong. A Journalist's Guide to the Internet: The Net as a Reporting Tool, Christopher Callahan. Just the Facts: How "Objectivity" Came to Define American Journalism, David T. Mindich.


The invention provides a horizontal well process pipe column. The horizontal well process pipe column comprises a first sleeve, a plurality of stages of second sleeves, a plurality of stages of sliding sleeves, two stages of third sleeves, an explosion valve, a float collar and a float shoe. According to the horizontal well process pipe column, an electromagnetic wave conduction and observation and control technology and a fracturing technology are combined for the first time, a plurality of stages of sliding sleeves can be arranged on the pipe column, underground intelligent sliding sleeves are gradually controlled to be opened through electromagnetic wave signals transmitted by a ground control system, so as to form an O-shaped ball seat, and fracturing on all layer sections can be accomplished by casting balls of the same sizes, so that the technical requirements of unlimited stage number and continuous fracturing are realized; in addition, after the horizontal intelligent sliding sleeve is directly connected with the sleeves and well cementing and completion are performed, sleeve fracturing is performed, the pipe column is not required to be pulled out on the premise of meeting 'volume fracturing' large displacement, the fracturing technology is greatly simplified, the construction efficiency is improved, and meanwhile technical requirements, such as subsequent controllable mining, can be further realized.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the Rupiah Exchange Rate on the Volume of Indonesian Shell Charcoal Exports to China. The data used in this study is secondary data that is time series. In this study, the method used as an analytical tool is Ordinary Least Square (OLS) to determine changes in the value of the dependent variable, namely the Export Volume of Indonesian Shell Charcoal which is influenced by the independent variable, namely China's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Exchange Rates using multiple linear regression techniques. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative, namely explaining the results of computerization using the E-Views 9 program.The results of the analysis show that simultaneously China's GDP and the Exchange Rate have a significant effect on the Export Volume of Indonesia Shell Charcoal to China in 2001 – 2020. The results of the analysis show partially China's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) had no effect on the Export Volume of Indonesia Shell Charcoal to China in 2001 – 2020 and the Exchange Rate had a positive and significant effect on the Export Volume of Indonesia Shell Charcoal to China in 2001 – 2020.The result of the Coefficient of Determination (R2) is carried out to see how big the proportion of the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable is. In this case, the value of the coefficient of determination used is Adjusted R-Squared which is the coefficient of determination that has been corrected by the number of variables and sample size. It is known that the Adjusted R-Squared value is 0,366601 or 36.66%. This indicates that a 36.66% change in the Volume of Indonesian Shell Charcoal Exports to China was caused by changes in China's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the Exchange Rate. While the remaining 63.34% changes in the Volume of Indonesian Shell Charcoal Exports to China were caused by changes in other variables that were not used in the study.


AbstractIt is one of the most robust projected responses of climate models to the increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration that the Arctic experiences a rapid warming with a magnitude larger than the rest of the world. While many processes are proposed as important, the relative contribution of individual processes to the Arctic warming is not often investigated systematically. Feedbacks are quantified in two different versions of an atmosphere–ocean GCM under idealized transient experiments based on an energy balance analysis that extends from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. The emphasis is placed on the largest warming from late autumn to early winter (October–December) and the difference from other seasons. It is confirmed that dominating processes vary with season. In autumn, the largest contribution to the Arctic surface warming is made by a reduction of ocean heat storage and cloud radiative feedback. In the annual mean, on the other hand, it is the albedo feedback that contributes the mo...


In Cognitive Radio (CR) networks, unlicensed Secondary Users (SUs) can occupy the white spaces of spectrum channels when licensed Primary Users (PUs) do not use them. Hence, for the operation of CR networks, it is critical to coordinate spectrum accesses of SUs and protect the ongoing communication of PUs. In this paper, we propose a new medium access control protocol for SUs, called Mutually Exclusive Guaranteed Access for Cognitive Radio networks (CR-MEGA). CRMEGA adopts a dual sensing approach (i.e., carrier sensing and spectrum sensing) to avoid packet collisions with faraway PUs as well as nearby SUs. Our scheme performs well even in the harsh condition with highly active PUs, but the advantage comes with the increased sensing delay. We analyze the throughput and delay of CR-MEGA using the Markov chain model, and investigate the impacts of various parameters with numerical results. Keywords—Cognitive radio networks; dynamic spectrum access; spectrum sensing; carrier sensing; CSMA/CA


Evidence is accumulating that early emotional experience interferes with the development of the limbic system, which is involved in perception and regulation of emotional behaviors as well as in learning and memory formation. Limbic brain regions, as well as hypothalamic regions and other, nonlimbic areas contain specific neuron subpopulations, which express and release corticotropin releasing factor (CRF). Since these neurons serve to connect limbic function to endocrine, stress‐related responses, we proposed that stressful experience during early postnatal brain development should interfere with the development of CRF‐containing neurons, particularly in brain regions essential for emotional regulation. Applying neonatal separation stress (daily 1 h separation from the parents and litter mates) as stressor, the number of immunocytochemically identified CRF‐expressing neurons/fibers was quantified in the amygdala, hippocampus, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, piriform cortex, and the somatosensory cortex of 3‐week‐old stressed and nonstressed Octodon degus, a semi‐precocial rodent. Compared to controls neonatally stressed animals showed significantly lower levels of CRF‐positive fibers (−60%) in the central amygdala, significantly less CRF‐positive neurons in the dentate gyrus (−28%) and the CA1 region (−29%) and significantly lower CRF cell densities in the somatosensory cortex (−26%). On the other hand, we found significantly higher numbers of CRF‐immunoreactive neurons in the basolateral amygdaloid complex (+192%) of stressed animals compared to nonstressed controls. No differences in CRF‐immunoreactive cell densities were detected in the other regions. Additional behavioral analysis revealed significantly elevated exploratory behavior (+34%) in stressed animals compared to controls, which might indicate reduced anxiety in the stressed animals. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007


Language is not simply used to express static ideas.In some occasions mental efforts must be made in order to comprehend the intended meaning of speakers.To appreciate humor in language needs mental efforts.Pragmatics,which studies the dynamic relations between linguistic symbols and their intended meanings,helps enjoy humor in language.Reference,cooperative principles,implication and speech act theory are applied here in the investigation of humor in language.


Physics teachers use many tools to convey difficult concepts and to assess students' mastery. Good illustrations, figures, and diagrams can help students make sense of these concepts. Textbook publishers provide figures, but, often, these are not editable or are too complicated for printing. Fortunately, physics teachers have access to excellent tools for creating simple and effective figures. We offer tips on how to create figures in PowerPoint or your favorite presentation software. These packages are ubiquitous, and they have powerful tools to create and edit images. We also provide an online source for physics figures we've used in our college physics courses. These figures are free to use, distribute, and alter for use in your classes.


An experimental study is presented which is designed to determine whether or not a field mill can be utilized for the continuous, noncontact, and real-time monitoring of the mass flow rate of particulates pneumatically conveyed in pipes. The mass flow rate is proportional to the electric charge of solid particles generated during their flow in pipes. The continuous measurement of electric charge value is carried out on the basis of electrostatic induction and with the aid of typical electrometric preamplifiers and measuring systems. The authors discuss the proposal and trial of a measuring system in which a field mill is employed, and which causes a conversion of the DC or relatively slow varying stochastic potential into the voltage measured. Some preliminary test results are presented.<<ETX>>


Compared to periodic crystals, quasicrystals have higher point group symmetry and are more favorable in achieving complete band-gaps. In this report, a top-cut prism interferometer is designed to fabricate ten-fold photonic quasicrystalline structures. By optimizing the exposing conditions and material characteristics, appropriate quasicrystals have been obtained in the SU8 photoresist films. Atomic Force Microscopy and laser diffraction are used to characterize the fabricated structures. The measurement results show the consistence between the theoretical design and experiments. This will provide guidance for the large-area and fast production of ten-fold quasicrystalline structures with high quality.


The invention discloses a compound weeding composition which comprises active ingredients of alon, clodinafop-propargyl and thifensulfuron in a mass ratio of (30-60):(1-10):(0.5-5). In the composition, the components are synergic, thus the composition has a good weeding effect, a wide weeding spectrum, few residues, safety to crops, low cost and wide applicability, and can be applied to weeds which are difficult to remove.


Abstract : The Military Construction Authorization Bill of 1983 requires the demolition of World War II-era temporary buildings on Department of Defense (DOD) installations. Before demolition can proceed, however, the historical significance of all affected buildings must be documented and assessed, as required by Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. In 1986, DOD entered into a Memorandum of Agreement with the National Advisory Council on Historic Preservation and the National Conference of State Historic Preservation Officers to document the temporary buildings erected on U.S. military installations during mobilization of World War II. In its role as the Tri- Services Cultural Resources Center, the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories (USACERL) coordinated a study of surviving DOD temporary structures, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the National Historic Preservation Act, Section 106. This study describes the principal types of temporary structures built during mobilization for World War II (1939 through 1946), documents their approximate numbers and locations, and provides a historical context to support DOD's future assessment of this architecture's historical significance. Demolition, National Historic Preservation Act, Military installations, World War II, Temporary buildings


A new three-level DC-to-DC converter controlled by pulse-width modulation is proposed in this paper. This converter is suitable for high input voltage and high power applications featuring zero-voltage switching and half of the input voltage as the maximum voltage across the switches. The complete operating principle, theoretical analysis, relevant equations and design example are provided in this paper. The experimental results of a 1.5 kW prototype, operating at 50 kHz rated at 600 V input voltage and 25 A output current, are presented.


India is one of the largest and most diverse populations of people living with diabetes. Limitations in appropriate and timely use of insulin impede the achievement of good glycemic control. Epidemiological studies for India and international bodies have raised alarm on diabetes prevalence. Current global prevalence of diabetes is 415 million in which China rank first with 109.6 million and India gets second with 69.2 million.1 More than 60 % of world population with diabetes comes from Asia. Estimates from a recent Indian Council of Medical Research -India Diabetes study indicates that in India, there are 62.4 million people with diabetes and 77.2 million with pre-diabetes condition.2 Early intensive insulin therapy in newly diagnosed T2DM patients which gives favourable outcomes on recovery and maintenance of β-cell function.3 It is also protracted glycaemic remission as compare to oral anti diabetic agents and improve both insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. Short-term insulin treatment may have long-lasting effects when introduced in the early stages of T2DM.4


In earlier study from this laboratory, when fed Commercial Laboratory Chow, less feed efficiency in the progeny of underfed mothers during gestation and lactation was reported accompanying with the high nitrogen level in both the urine and the feces. Using the formulated diet with egg albumin, we have undertaken to measure feed efficiency and the pair feeding between normal and restricted progeny. Although we failed to find any significant difference in feed efficiency between the two groups, the pair feeding revealed the retarded growth in restricted progeny during a pair feeding experiment period, suggesting the presence of some abnormality involved in metabolism, particularly protein metabolism, in restricted progeny even when fed diet containing egg albumin.


This paper presents an integrated routing and MAC scheduling algorithm (IRMA) for improving system performance in multihop wireless mesh networks. The IRMA approach is motivated by the fact that conventional contention-based MAC protocols such as 802.11 do not perform well in combination with independent ad hoc routing protocols such as DSR, DSDV or AODV due to interactions between neighboring nodes in the network. In IRMA, a centralized algorithm is used to allocate resources to each flow based on traffic flow specifications and the network compatibility graph based on a generalized n-hop interference model. Joint routing and MAC eliminates contention between radio nodes and assigns traffic flows to alternate paths based on actual traffic demand, thereby providing significant increases in network capacity. Two alternative algorithms are described and evaluated using ns-2 simulations: 1) Link Scheduling with Min Hop Routing (IRMA-MH) which uses real-time flow information to select paths and to set up complete end-to-end TDMA schedules; 2) Link Scheduling with Bandwidth-Aware Routing (IRMA-BR) which uses local information about available MAC bandwidth to route around congested areas. Simulation results for both schemes are presented, showing up to 300% improvement in network throughput when compared with baseline 802.11-based multihop networks with independent routing. WINLAB Proprietary i


This paper presents an approach for a MAC layer design for PLC communication systems based on the cross layer design within OSI-Layer 2 included mesh-under routing capability presented in [1]. The classical stop and wait protocol to realize automatic repeat request (ARQ) as feature of the medium access control layer (MAC-Layer) was replaced by a packet to stream protocol, flexible segmentation on requirements of transmission mode and time slots with a pipelined selective repeat protocol as link-layer. This link-layer was placed above the PHY-, MAC- and routing-layer. In [1] the link-layer design is detailed described and analyzed. As results, a throughput close to the theoretical limits for packet error rates of 0% to more than 90% was presented. The introduced technology model is used in the management systems for distributed power generators, smart meter and in many infrastructures where the devices are not only designed to communicate over a data network but also are developed to use into an internet of thinks. In this paper, we present our designed MAC protocol that avoids packet collision based on time slotted system with polling. The considered model takes into account the condition of deterministic communication behavior with ensured deliver time for commands and alarms. The proposed method reaches high efficiency even for unbalanced payload and different number of active slaves. The new designed protocol is tested in a discrete event simulation under different scenarios. The simulation results show an efficient data throughput even for channel with 20% packet error rate.


A comprehensive decision support system (DSS) is presented that combines the MODSIM river basin network flow model with geographic information systems (GIS) and an artificial neural network (ANN) for basin-wide water management and salinity control under appropriative water rights and other legal, institutional, and administrative structures. The MODSIM graphical user interface and/or GIS provide for display and editing of spatially distributed river basin network topology and other GIS layers, including basin DEMs, irrigated fields, NEXRAD precipitation data, basin hydrography, finite-difference groundwater grids, pumping wells, diversion and water use data, water rights database, water quality data, and hyperlinked display of GPS-located basin features. MODSIM embeds a VB.NET coded ANN for modeling of stream-aquifer interactions that is interpreted at runtime rather compiled with MODSIM. The ANN is trained using weekly modeled aquifer responses to historical events from a calibrated regional-scale finite difference groundwater model that would be computationally intractable if directly linked with MODSIM for management studies. A water quality module for characterizing salinity in the basin is also scripted in MODSIM using VB.net. The DSS is applied to evaluating remediation strategies in the Lower Arkansas River Basin in Colorado, where increased salinization in agricultural areas and intensified competition with expanding urban areas for limited available water supplies have threatened the viability and sustainability of agriculture in the basin.


This article critically reviews the usefulness of grammar correction in second language writing instruction through the eyes of five second-language writers. It first examines the validity of four teaching principles that appear to influence how writing instructors approach error correction in classrooms and concludes with discussions as to why grammar correction is necessary for second-language writers.


Review of Skoog Stahlgren G, Tyrstrup M, Edlund C, et al . Penicillin V four times daily for five days versus three times daily for 10 days in patients with pharyngotonsillitis caused by group A streptococci: randomised controlled, open label, non-inferiority study. BMJ 2019;367:l5337.

Open label, randomised controlled non-inferiority study. Allocation: central randomisation by computerised random number generator. Setting: 17 primary health centres in Sweden. Intervention: randomised to either Penicillin V 800mg four times per day for 5 days (total 16g) or Penicillin V 1000mg three times per day for 10 days. (total 30g). Patients: 422 patients, aged 6 years and older with pharyngotonsillitis caused by group A streptococci and with three or …


During the past decade, the structure of the market for public accounting services-particularly audit services-has received scrutiny from regulators, practitioners, and researchers. A major focus has been on supplier (audit firm) size, and especially on the large shares of markets held by a subset of firms called the Big Eight.' One hypothesis is that the Big Eight function as a cartel and charge higher than competitively warranted fees. This hypothesis was tested by Simunic [1980], who concluded that the Big Eight as a group tended to charge lower fees than non-Big Eight firms. His conjecture was that his results were consistent with scale economies enjoyed by the larger CPA firms. He did observe, however, that one of his Big Eight firms seemed to "charge higher fees," which might reflect the higher quality of the audit services supplied by that firm.2


Underwater imaging has been suffering from color imbalance, low contrast, and low-light environment due to strong spectral attenuation of light in the water. Owing to its complex physical imaging mechanism, enhancing the underwater imaging quality based on the deep learning method has been well-developed recently. However, individual studies use different underwater image datasets, leading to low generalization ability in other water conditions. To solve this domain adaptation problem, this paper proposes an underwater image enhancement scheme that combines individually degraded images and publicly available datasets for domain adaptation. Firstly, an underwater dataset fitting model (UDFM) is proposed to merge the individual localized and publicly available degraded datasets into a combined degraded one. Then an underwater image enhancement model (UIEM) is developed base on the combined degraded and open available clear image pairs dataset. The experiment proves that clear images can be recovered by only collecting the degraded images at some specific sea area. Thus, by use of the scheme in this study, the domain adaptation problem could be solved with the increase of underwater images collected at various sea areas. Also, the generalization ability of the underwater image enhancement model is supposed to become more robust. The code is available at https://github.com/fanren5599/UIEM.


Tin oxide (SnO2) thin films were deposited onto glass substrates using DC magnetron sputtering system as a CO gas sensor. The dependence of the deposition time on structural, morphological and CO gas sensing properties of SnO2 thin films were investigated. The synthesised SnO2 thin films were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and surface profiler. Also the CO gas sensing properties of SnO2-deposited thin films were performed against a wide range of concentration of CO gas. XRD analysis demonstrated that the degree of crystallinity of the deposited SnO2 thin films strongly depended on the deposition time. Also, SEM and AFM analyses revealed that the size of nanoparticles/agglomerates, and both average and rms surface roughness were enhance with increasing the deposition time. Gas sensors based on these SnO2 nanolayers showed an acceptable response to CO at various concentrations. Also it has been demonstrated that SnO2 sensors are highly suitable for sensing CO gas at comparatively lower operating temperatures.


At a roundtable discussion held in Paris in May 2007, French activists and academics examined the dangers of the current `integration' discourse. In the extracts from the discussion published here, it is argued that a chauvinist consensus on national identity exists across the political spectrum in France. Bound up with this consensus is a set of deeply held prejudices against Muslims and `immigrant' communities. These have led to new restrictions on access to citizenship, and even residence rights, which have been implemented in the name of a notion of `integration' that is never precisely defined. Moreover, the institutions which have been established in France to represent Muslims or tackle discrimination have not been given effective powers and are aimed more at preserving the status quo.


Objective To study the suppressive effect on peritoneal macrophages in syngenic mouse by supernatant of B16F10 cell culture in vitro.Methods The supernatant of B16F10 cell culture was prepared and used on syngenic mouse peritoneal macrophages.After induction by LPS,the phagocytosis in the peritoneal macrophages was observed with neutral red phagocytosis assay,and the peritoneal macrophages viability was detected by MTT assay.Results Treating with supernatant of B16F10 cell culture,the ability of neutral red phagocytosis in mouse peritoneal macrophages(0.552±0.060)and the peritoneal macrophages viability rate(0.411±0.035),induced by LPS,were significantly lower than those of the control(1.247±0.164 and 0.861±0.208 respectively,all P0.005).Conclusion The peritoneal macrophages of syngenic mouse were suppressed by supernatant of B16F10 cell culture.


The mean survival time of allogeneic cervical heart transplantations in dogs (6.8 ± 0.8 days) was prolonged by immunosuppressive treatment with azathioprine up to 10.5 ± 1.5 days (p = 0.03) and with h


Our new model, "series combined model", for the superelastic deformation in Ti–Ni–Cu shape memory alloy was proposed considering the mechanical deformation phenomenon in a L¨ uders deformation type of phase transformation in order to clarify the progressing behavior of the phase transformation and then the suitable physical formula for it in future. By assuming the competitive phenomenon between the phase transformation and the plastic deformation, this model was applied for transformation behavior progressing together with the local plastic deformation. In the application of the model, some significant transformation points in stress-strain curve were determined originally to be well fit for the superelastic deformation of shape memory alloy. The original constitutive equation, which based on this model, was used to calculate the martensite volume fraction at every point in one cycle of superelastic deformation by making the inverse analysis for the stress-strain data obtained experimentally under the various temperatures. The validity of this model and constitutive equation for superelastic deformation was confirmed by comparison between the experimental result of a half cycle and the prediction for the stress-strain curve based on the inverse analysis result in a full cycle. The prediction for temperature dependence of the volume fraction and the magnitude of plastic strain in the plastic deformed martensite phase could explain enough the temperature dependence of the irrecoverable strains obtained experimentally. The progressing rate of the martensite transformation as well as the reverse transformation, which was calculated by making the inverse analysis results, decreased depending on the increase of temperature.


The utility model discloses a double-bridged differential power capacitor device, which comprises a plurality of phase-splitting arranged capacitor groups, each phase of capacitor group adopts two bridge differential wires, that is, each capacitor group is arranged according to the requirement of the two electrical bridges, and each bridge comprises at least four capacitor arms, current transformers used for the detection of unbalanced current are connected at the intermediate potential of each bridge, and the balanced current of the capacitor groups is led to approach zero when flowing over each current transformer under normal conditions. The utility model effectively reduces the total amount of the components in the bridge-shaped wire by dividing the one phase of the capacitor group into two without changing the overvoltage multiples of the components, thereby significantly enhancing the reliability of unbalanced protection.


a kindly nature, and of untiring energy. He was pre-em inent as a leader. He had few equals as an interesting lecturer; in short Prof. Winder was an ideal teacher, especially of Operative Dentistry in which he excelled, though ?foe was very fond of Physiology also. His soul was filled with his subject, making a free use of diagrams and pictures from ?which his dental students got their most helpful items of knowledge. A sketch of his life follows, together with the action of the Faculty of the Baltimore College of Dental Sur-


In order to enhance the practical education and hands-on experience of optoelectronics and eliminate the overlapping contents that previously existed in the experiments section adhering to several different courses, a lab course of "Applied Optoelectronics Laboratory" has been established in the College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University. The course consists of two sections, i.e., basic experiments and project design. In section 1, basic experiments provide hands-on experience with most of the fundamental concept taught in the corresponding courses. These basic experiments including the study of common light sources such as He-Ne laser, semiconductor laser and solid laser and LED; the testing and analysis of optical detectors based on effects of photovoltaic effect, photoconduction effect, photo emissive effect and array detectors. In section 2, the course encourages students to build a team and establish a stand-alone optical system to realize specific function by taking advantage of the basic knowledge learned from section 1. Through these measures, students acquired both basic knowledge and the practical application skills. Moreover, interest in science has been developed among students.


Thermal expansion of caesium halides has been approximated by a quasiharmonic approach (QHM) [-Reeber (1975). Phys. Status Solidi A, 32, 321-331; Reeber & Haas (1984). Thermal Expansion, Vol. 8, pp. 31-48] and predicted at high temperature with a modified quasiharmonic model (MQHM) [Wang & Reeber (1995). J. Phys. Chem. Solids, in the press]. Formation enthalpies of high-temperature defects have also been obtained by fitting lattice differences between a real and an approximate perfect crystal (QHM). Typical values of the coefficients of thermal expansion and lattice parameters are given.


Photothermal properties depend on the characteristics of energy transfer processes in solution. In this study, a time-resolved single beam thermal lens experiment in various solvents is employed to investigate the energy coupling effects which govern the energy transfer processes. Interestingly, it is observed that the behaviour of the photothermal propagation in solution depends on the property of solution and the concentration of solute in a single beam thermal lens configuration. These characteristics lead us to consider the solute-solvent coupling effects as well as the solvent-solvent interactions.


We present a new method of calculating the required bandwidth for ATM connections. We first develop analytical models for bandwidth allocation of constant bit rate (CBR) and variable bit rate (VBR) services based on the declared usage parameter control (UPC) parameters. We then derive the closed form expressions for both service classes, and we also provide a numerical analysis in which there exists a close relationship between the quality of service (QoS) parameters (cell loss and delay parameters) and network resource (link capacity and buffer size). The closed form expressions can be used for a simple but efficient bandwidth allocation scheme for the call admission control (CAC) function.


For a Banach space X such that all quotients only admit direct decompositions with a number of summands smaller than or equal to n, we show that every operator T on X can be identified with an n× n scalar matrix modulo the strictly cosingular operators SC(X). More precisely, we obtain an algebra isomorphism from the Calkin algebra L(X)/SC(X) onto a subalgebra of the algebra of n× n scalar matrices which is triangularizable when X is indecomposable. From this fact we get some information on the class of all semi-Fredholm operators on X and on the essential spectrum of an operator acting on X.


Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly widespread with an overall global estimated prevalence of 25%. Type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a key contributor to NAFLD progression and predicts moderate-severe liver fibrosis and mortality. However, there is currently no uniform consensus on routine NAFLD screening among T2DM patients, and the risk factors of NAFLD and advanced fibrosis among T2DM patients remain to be clarified fully. Aim We explored the prevalence, clinical spectrum, and risk factors of NAFLD and liver fibrosis among T2DM patients. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that enrolled subjects from a primary care clinic and a diabetes centre in Singapore. Subjects aged 21 to 70 years of all ethnic groups with an established T2DM diagnosis were included. Subjects with chronic liver diseases of other aetiologies were excluded. All subjects underwent transient elastography for hepatic steatosis and fibrosis assessment. Their demographics, anthropometric measurements and clinical parameters were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA/SE16.0 software. Results Among 449 enrolled T2DM subjects, 436 with complete data and valid transient elastography results were analysed. Overall, 78.72% (344/436) of the T2DM subjects had NAFLD, of which 13.08% (45/344) had increased liver stiffness. Higher ALT level (OR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.03–1.14; p = 0.004), obesity (BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m2, OR = 2.64; 95% CI: 1.28–5.44; p = 0.008) and metabolic syndrome (OR = 4.36; 95% CI 1.40–13.58; p = 0.011) were independent factors associated with increased CAP (NAFLD). Higher AST level (OR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02–1.11; p = 0.008), CAP value (OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00–1.03; p = 0.003), lower platelet count (OR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98–1.00; p = 0.009) and concomitant hypertension (OR = 4.56; 95% CI: 1.18–17.62; p = 0.028) were independent factors associated with increased liver stiffness. Conclusions Our study demonstrated a considerably high prevalence of NAFLD among T2DM patients, with the proportion of advanced liver fibrosis among T2DM NAFLD patients much higher than the general population. Given that NAFLD is largely asymptomatic, increased awareness and vigilance for identifying NAFLD and increased liver stiffness among T2DM patients should be advocated.