We define a statistic an(w), the size of the atmosphere of a self-avoiding walk, w, of length n, with the property that an(w) → μ as n → ∞, where μ is the growth constant of lattice self-avoiding walks. Both μ and the entropic exponent γ may be estimated to high precision from a(w) using canonical Monte Carlo simulations of self-avoiding walks. Previous Monte Carlo measurements of μ and γ have used grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations. Our simulations indicate that μ → 2.63816 ± 0.00006 and γ = 1.345 ± 0.002. These results, based on a modest computer run, are comparable to the best estimates for μ and γ from (grand canonical) Monte Carlo simulations, and are at most two digits of the best series estimates of μ for self-avoiding walks available in the literature.


From a juridical point of view, an entity is considered in difficulty in the situation of payments' ceasing that occurs when it can not face its due debts with the available funds. In the case of a financial depreciation, the short term liabilities are superior to the assets. The negative net treasury will put the entity in the situation to come up against the payment incidents, this leading to the degradation of its image for the business partners. Despite this, before closing the synthesis financial statements there are some "alarm signals" which can be highlighted especially through a correct and efficient evaluation. These signals can be analyzed at the level of the main activities from the entity. These reasons determine the analysis of degradation' stages on the economic-financial situation as an important criterion in choosing the methods of diagnosis for the entities in difficulty, but also for the strategic orientation.


Part 1 Preface Part 2 Acknowledgments Part 3 Introduction Part 4 1. Changes in the Core Part 5 2. Types of Libraries Part 6 3. Library Cooperation: Systems, Consortia, and Networks Part 7 4. Federal Funding, Philanthropy, and the Coucil on LIbrary and Information Resources Part 8 5. Library Associations, Intellectual Freedom, and International Librarianship Part 9 6. Gender and Ethnicity Part 10 7. Library Buildings and Preservation Part 11 8. Library Information Science Education and Library Literature Part 12 9. Prominent Leaders in the Field of Libraries and Librarianship Part 13 10. Summary and Conclusion Part 14 Appendix: Chronology Part 15 Bibliography Part 16 Index Part 17 About the Author


A sound relation is considered existing between financial services clustering and regional economic growth, which are promoted mutually and correlated. There are no deep empirical researches found and conducted upon the relations between the two in China, besides, a good many specific problems need to be faced. This article conducts a case study on ten cities with characteristics of financial services clustering in the country, through the tests of mixed OLS, random effect model and fixed effect model, the result of the fixed effect model is thought acceptable: the financial services clustering is a great push to the regional economic growth. Keywords—financial services clustering; regional economic


While the existing methods of American futures option valuation are more accurate than Black's European formula, they are not as user friendly, especially in estimating ISD. Hence, despite the fact that Black's formula ignores the early exercise possibility, it remains a popular choice for many practitioners and researchers. Using the pure option pricing results, this paper shows the American futures option value as a multiple of Black's European option value. Depending on how the multiple is estimated, four new methods of calculating American futures option prices are offered. Their input requirements are the same as Black's formula and they are as easy to implement as Black's formula both for calculating the option price or to estimate ISD. This is because they do not require the critical futures price(s) as input. Simulation results indicate that the new methods are fairly accurate. Their accuracy is better than Black's formula and is as good as the accuracy of the quadratic approximation method of Barone-Adesi and Whaley. In fact, for most traded American futures options, even the simplest of the four new methods offer an excellent approximation to the true (binomial) option price.


We live in a period which is inseparably linked to new forms of electronic communication. The Internet provides its users with new forms of communication among which are messaging, discussions, and chats. Our article focuses on such types of electronic communication, with a special regard to the use of French and Czech in chatrooms. The aim of our study is to analyse the equivalence of linguistic terminology used for the description of chat language phenomena in both above mentioned languages.


Abstract: Motor is a device which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Motor protection is also essential. To protect the motor we are using the microprocessor based motor protection relay against various faults. Induction motors are widely used in industry because of their rigidity and speed-control flexibility. Therefore, the problem of induction motor protection attracted many researchers. The digital protection techniques that are used in digital relays provide better performance and higher accuracy than the conventional electromagnetic and solid-state relays.


A hinged pivoting guide for positioning a femoral tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction locates a drilling hole for placement that optimally penetrates a minimal depth of soft tissue (skin, muscle, etc.) yet directs drilling into a sufficiently rigid and structurally sound area of the femur. The hinged guide allows placement of an aimer point at a desired drilling exit location on the femur. The hinge is adapted to secure the aimer at a degree of rotation about an axis defined by the hinge rotation, such that the axis passes through the aimer point throughout rotation of the hinge while maintaining the aimer point in line with an insertion guide slideably movable through the aperture in the handle, the aperture defined by an insertion axis extending toward the aimer point such that the aimer point remains disposed at the intersection of the hinge axis and the insertion axis.


The research was carried out in Slovakia from 2004-2008, in a city park area in Nitra. The research was oriented to gallforming insects and mites on ornamental woody plants in an urban environment. A visual control of woody plants in the terrain was done, and an individual species was determined according mainly to collected samples of symptoms. In total 122 species of gall-forming insect and mites species were identified and recorded, specifically, 91 species of insects and 31 species of mites (Eriophyidae, Phytoptidae). Thirteen alien insects were also found during the research. The most frequented host plants for gall-inducing organisms were genera Quercus (28 species), Acer (10 species), Salix (10 species), Populus (9 species) and Tilia (8 species).


With the increase of the Web applications, efficient and reliable test has become a practical necessary to improve the reliability of Web applications. Due to the dynamic and uncertain characteristics of Web applications, traditional testing methods are hard to make good performance. Agent could be adapted in the distributed environment which are intelligent and initiative. An adaptive Web application testing framework based on Multi-Agent collaboration theory (ATFBMA) is proposed in this paper. ATFBMA satisfies the dynamics and uncertainties of the adaptive Web application testing. Meanwhile, layered and role-divided Multi-Agent architecture is constructed. Agents are divided into different roles depending on the responsibilities and capabilities. The architecture supports the test requirements of function and structure, and improves test efficiency through the division and distribution of test tasks. A user management system is used to verify the practicality and intelligence of ATFBMAC.


Reliability engineering plays an important role in the development,production,and management of weapon equipment.Training of reliability engineering professionals is discussed in several aspects,such as following the development of reliability professionals's training models and the details of the latest curriculum,improvement of curriculum system and teaching materials, creation of a good environment of research and science,exploration and implementation of teaching research and innovation.


The Monitoring of Students Discipline through the Implementation of LAN – Based Information System for College of Information and Communications Technology provides a solution on data processing, data presentation and recordkeeping. It produces reliable output by keeping track of records with minimum data redundancy, reduction of paper works, Improve data quality, accessibility and responsiveness and elimination of human errors. With the use of Local Area Network (LAN) connection, the proficiency in administrating the Guidance Center will be enhanced and the needed outputs will be more reliable and easy. Every specific feature integrated in the system allows transactions to be done easier such as uploading of file and storing different records in the database. Access to the system will be limited to principal users to maintain the security of the system. The researcher followed the System Development Life Cycle in order to be organized in developing the system. Interviews and researches were conducted to note different requirements and expectations by the end-users as part of the Planning stage. Data gathered are interpreted and converted into source codes that composed the information system. While developing the information system, it is thoroughly tested in order to identify bugs that can occur after the system has been implemented. The LAN-Based Guidance Information System has the following main features: Personality Test, Attendance Monitoring, Student Offense Record and Generating of Reports. These main functions of the system provide easier handling of records and production of outputs. The developed system will allow the Guidance Center of CICT to be more productive and beneficial not only for the college but also for its students.


Borates have a long history of use in the pest control industry and continue to be used extensively in managing a variety of insect pests in households and institutions (Sierras et al. 2018, J. Econ. Entomol. 111: 2772–2781). Appel (1990, J. Econ. Entomol. 83: 153–159) and Reierson (1995, Pp. 231–265, In Rust et al. [eds.], Understanding and Controlling the German Cockroach, Oxford Univ. Press, New York) acknowledged that boric acid insecticide baits changed how the pest control industry deals with the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Blattodea: Ectobiidae); these baits remain as an important control tool. A major advantage in using boric acid baits is the very low probability of the development of physiological resistance to the toxicant (Cox 2004, J. Pestic. Reform 24: 10–15; Sierras et al. 2018). Commercially formulated borate particle baits for cockroaches usually contain boric acid at concentrations between 5% and 10%. Pest control operators are typically instructed to apply half of the amount of particles when shifting to the use of a 10% boric acid bait from a 5% bait. Reasoning for this approach is based upon the assumption that an equivalent amount of toxicant is applied when the amount of particles is decreased by one-half. However, this assumption has not been adequately addressed. The study reported herein, thus, is a preliminary laboratory investigation to examine the validity of that assumption. This relationship, once known, will improve guidelines for cockroach control when using a boric acid scatter particle bait. Test arenas used in the study were 58-l plastic SteriliteT containers (Sterilite Corp., Townsend, MA), each measuring 58.75 3 42.5 3 30.5 cm and fitted with screened lids that provided for air circulation. The inner sides of each arena were coated with a 1:1 mixture of petroleum jelly and mineral oil to prevent cockroach


ABSTRCT Prediction of the vibro-acoustic responses of fluid-loaded cylindrical shells is important for underwater vehicles. In this work, a number of analytical and numerical approaches to predict the radiated sound power of a fluid-loaded cylindrical shell are compared. In the first approach, an analytical methodology is used whereby the equations of motion for the cylindrical shell are solved by the method of modal superposition. The shell displacements are represented by a Fourier series and auxiliary functions. The radiation sound power is calculated by integrating the product of the pressure and velocity on the surface of the cylinder. In the second approach, an integrated analytical and numerical approach is implemented whereby the vibrational response of the cylindrical shell is used as an input to a boundary element model. The radiated sound power is subsequently obtained using the boundary element method. In the final approach, a fully-coupled finite element/boundary element model of the fluid-loaded cylinder is developed. Results for the radiated sound power from the various analytical, hybrid analytical/numerical and fully coupled numerical approaches are compared.


Glucose uptake plays a pivotal role in maintaining whole body glucose homeostasis in adipocytes and skeletal muscles. In the present study we have shown that Fructus Piperis Longi Extracts (FPLE) can stimulate glucose uptake in OP9 adipocytes. The increasing effects of FPLE on glucose uptake were inhibited by compound C pretreatment, which means that the glucose uptake effects by FPLE were carried out by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. Further studies revealed that FPLE stimulated glucose transport occurs through a mechanism involving extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) activation.


We present an ultra-broadband optical parametric amplification system based on aperiodically poled Mg:LiNbO3 providing 800 nm bandwidth around 3.4 µm in a 7.4-mm long medium. It delivers pulse energies of 1.5 µJ and 75 fs.


We present a novel hardware architecture supporting diamond search and fast full search for block matching motion estimation. It can handle irregular data flow of these fast algorithms without pipeline bubbles, and reduce computation of duplicated search positions. The proposed architecture needs preprocessing with a small amount of computational power while performing fast full search and is suitable for the platform-based video coding system. While the diamond search mode can be applied for real-time requirements, we can choose the fast full search mode, which adapts the processing cycles to picture contents and preserves the same quality of full search block matching (FSBM), for applications of high picture quality or compression ratio. It needs only 9K gates and one additional memory of search range size and is more cost-effective than the conventional systolic array architecture.


SUMMARY
Nitrate reductase (NR) activity, induced by germination in KNO3 showed a strong rhythmicity during the early stages of germination of wheat embryos. Peaks of activity occurred approximately every 12 h. There was no relationship between the amounts of nitrate in the embryos and enzyme activity. The fluctuations in enzyme activity did not appear to be due to reversible inactivation of the enzyme. Some evidence suggests that the fluctuations in enzyme activity may result from a more rapid degradation of enzyme during the decreasing phase of the rhythm.


The poxviruses including vaccinia virus (VV) and canarypox virus (ALVAC) have shown a strong preference for binding and infection of human cells from the monocytic lineage, particularly primary human monocytes (PHMs). In this study, we investigated whether specific molecules on the surface of PHMs regulate the preferential binding and infection of VV and ALVAC to this cell population. We found that the cleavage of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) on primary human monocytes by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) and the blockage of GPI-APs with mouse sera raised against GPI-APs significantly reduced the binding of VV and ALVAC to the cell surface, and subsequently inhibited viral infection. This reduction is not related to abatement of phagocytosis as internalization of latex beads by PHMs was not affected by PI-PLC digestion. As well, the human monocytic cell lines THP-1, U937 and U1 express high, moderate and low levels of surface GPI-APs, respectively. The susceptibility of these cells to VV and ALVAC infection correlated to levels of surface expression of GPI-APs. In addition, THP-1 cells showed reduced susceptibility to VV and ALVAC infection when they were mutated by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) or aerolysin (AE) to express low or undetectable surface GPI-APs. Thus, specific GPI-APs on the surface of monocytes are involved in poxvirus binding and infection, and may act as monocyte-specific surface receptors for poxviruses.


Unsupervised segmentation in biological and non-biological images is only partially resolved. Segmentation either requires arbitrary thresholds or large teaching datasets. Here we propose a spatial autocorrelation method based on Local Moran's I coefficient to differentiate signal, background and noise in any type of image. The method, originally described for geoinformatics, does not require a predefined intensity threshold or teaching algorithm for image segmentation and allows quantitative comparison of samples obtained in different conditions. It utilizes relative intensity as well as spatial information of neighboring elements to select spatially contiguous groups of pixels. We demonstrate that Moran's method outperforms threshold-based method (TBM) in both artificially generated as well as in natural images especially when background noise is substantial. This superior performance can be attributed to the exclusion of false positive pixels resulting from isolated, high intensity pixels in high noise conditions. To test the method's power in real situation we used high power confocal images of the somatosensory thalamus immunostained for Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 (A-type) voltage gated potassium channels. Moran's method identified high intensity Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 ion channel clusters in the thalamic neuropil. Spatial distribution of these clusters displayed strong correlation with large sensory axon terminals of subcortical origin. The unique association of the special presynaptic terminals and a postsynaptic voltage gated ion channel cluster was confirmed with electron microscopy. These data demonstrate that Moran's method is a rapid, simple image segmentation method optimal for variable and high nose conditions. Significance statement Most images of natural objects are noisy, especially when captured at the resolution limit of the optical devices. The simplest way of differentiating between pixels of objects and noise is to examine the neighboring pixels. Statistical evaluation of local spatial correlation highlights assemblies of non-random bright pixels representing tiny biological entities, e.g. potassium channel clusters. Local Moran's I allows detecting borders of fuzzy objects therefore it can be a basis of a user independent image segmentation method. This straightforward method outperforms threshold based segmentation methods and does not require a tedious training of artificial intelligence. The method could identify a previously unknown association of specialized presynaptic terminal type with postsynaptic ion channel clusters.


The efficiency of long-range (ca. 80 A) fluorescence energy transfer was enhanced about 1.5 times by a third chromophore located midway between two chromophores. A third chromophore should act like a relay station in sequential multistep energy transfer.


Howe and Tan (1993) investigated a degenerate principal series representation of indefinite orthogonal groups $\mathrm{O}(V)$ and explicitly described its composition series. They showed that there exists a unique unitarizable irreducible submodule $\Pi$, which is isomorphic to a cohomological representation. In this paper we construct orthogonal automorphic forms belonging to $\Pi$ as theta liftings of holomorphic $\mathrm{Mp}_2(\mathbb{R})$ cusp forms by using the Borcherds' method. We will give a useful observation in computing their Fourier expansions that enables us to give very precise descriptions of the liftings specially belonging to $\Pi$. We will also determine the cuspidal supports of the liftings, then confirm the square integrability of those automorphic forms on orthogonal groups.


In this work, we report the photoluminescence (PL) studies of the films produced by different methods from pristine single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The suspensions of CoMoCAT and HiPCO SWNTs were used to make two different types of films: the polymer films with embedded SWNTs and the SWNT films deposited onto quartz substrates through filtration. A density gradient ultracentrifugation (DGU) has been used for enrichment of the initial carbon nanotube suspensions with semiconducting SWNTs and extraction of various diameter nanotubes to reveal a role of the nanotube interaction in the films. Optical diagnostic techniques including Raman spectroscopy, UV–VIS–NIR absorption spectroscopy, and PL have been used for characterization and comparison of the initial suspensions and films formed from them. A PL mapping has revealed an arrangement of carbon nanotubes inside the films. A cross‐linkage between the individual SWNTs appeared to be higher inside the films deposited via filtration than in the polymer films with dispersed SWNTs.


This work deals with design, modeling and simulation of UPQC system to improve the power quality in multibus system. The UPQC system is modeled using the elements of Simulink and it is simulated using MATLAB. A sag is created by applying a heavy load at the receiving end. The sag is compensated by using the UPQC. The harmonics required at the receiving end are supplied by the inverter part of UPQC. The DC required by the UPQC is supplied by Solar cell and Boost converter system. The simulation results are compared with theoritical results.


Around the reading requirements,reading motivation and reading inclination,this paper makes the analysis on the individual psychological characteristics of university students in reading,and points out that understanding the individual psychological characteristics of university students is beneficial to optimizing the work of the readers of university students and also beneficial to carrying out the educational function and the information service function of the university library.


In Decoding China's Export Miracle, Xing's objective is to explain how a developing country like China became a leading exporter of high-technology products to international markets, in the process...


IN THE recent history of American psychiatry, the use of the hospital as a therapeutic intervention in the treatment of mental illness has been seriously questioned. Studies by Lafave, 1 Mendel, 2 and Pasamanick 3 have shown that patients who are treated without the use of the hospital in the management of their acute and chronic illness tend to display less morbidity and make more satisfactory extramural adjustment than those who have been hospitalized. As a result of these studies and the general recognition of the antitherapeutic effects of prolonged and inappropriate hospitalization, much emphasis has been placed on the clarification of the indications for hospitalization. It is generally agreed, even by the most conservative thinkers in psychiatry, that the patient should not be hospitalized simply because he is mentally ill or because the decision maker does not know what else to


The rational land use in watershed has relations not only with the local economy development,but also with the environment managements such as soil and water conservation and vegetation restore.Based on the investigation of trees growth and natural environmental factors,the rationality of land use was analyzed using GIS as an assistant tool in the watershed of Tumen West Valley in Beijing.The results showed that slope and aspect were the main limitations to trees growth in the watershed.And the extent and amount of rational land use in the watershed were identified by overlapping slope and aspect with economic forest with GIS.These results could provide scientific bases for improving stand configuration and rational land use in the watershed.


The condensation of 4-acetylthioanisole with different aryl and aryfuryl aldehydes under aldol conditions affords α, β-unsaturated ketones (propenones), which undergo a facile and clean cyclization with hydrazines to give pyrazolines (4–6) in quantitative yields. The structures of newly synthesized compounds have been confirmed on the basis of spectral studies. All newly synthesized compounds were tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activity.


With the above observation, Ruffino refers to the fact that the linguistic situation of Sicily has always raised and still causes the interest of many scholars. The complexity of the matter, however, results in the need for further research. In particular, a number of fairly recent socio-cultural and economic changes have affected the status and the relationship of the Sicilian languages and varieties thus resulting in variation and change.2 This work deals with the interaction between the standard and the dialect in Sicily. In particular, firstly, a brief synopsis of the current sociolinguistic situation of the island is given, the most important variables,3 and their mutual role in variation and change. Secondly, the continuum between standard Italian and the Sicilian dialects will be discussed.


Abstract Effective moisture diffusivity provides an easy and expeditious route to understanding many moisture transport processes involving food materials. Instead of making the moisture diffusivity a parameter obtained from curve-fitting a given experimental data that severely restricts its predictive value for the different sets of conditions, a simple but mechanistic approach is provided that for its prediction uses very little empirical information. This approach is based on treating the food as porous media and using parameters such as relative permeability, porosity, tortuosity, and constrictivity. The parameters are predicted using well-known relationships. The model is a combination of liquid and vapor diffusion-weighted by the respective volumes present in the porous medium that provides effective moisture diffusivity. Our model is compared to a mechanistic model that is backboned by Kelvin's capillary pressure equation and experimental isotherms data. In addition, the prediction is thoroughly validated against available experimental data and the general understanding of liquid/vapor transport in porous media literature. The more mechanistic approach enables prediction over a broader range of moisture content and a greater range of food materials with acceptable RMSE compared to other literature models.


The gas permeability of coal under different tempteratures is studied by means of self-made coal gas dynamic simulation system.The way and process of coal gas permeability experiment under the influence of temperature are demonstrated.The law of gas permeability under different temperatures is obtained.The results show that the coal gas permeability decreases as the air pressure increases under different temperature;the coal gas permeability decreases as the temperature increases under certain air pressure.


This paper uses 1-2-3 survey data on the Democratic Republic of Congo to analyze heterogeneity in the informal sector. It empirically identifies three types of entrepreneurs in the sector. The first group of entrepreneurs—top performers -- is growth oriented and enjoys greater access to capital. The second group—constrained gazelles -- includes entrepreneurs who share many characteristics, especially management skills, with the top performers, but operate with less capital. The third group—survivalists—comprises firms struggling to grow. Based on logit and fixed effect ordinary least squares models, the results presented in this paper show that poverty and income inequality are more common among constrained gazelles and survivalists. The paper also shows that income inequality is explained mainly by educational disparities and lack of credit access among entrepreneurs. Additionally, the outcomes of a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition show that the performance of firms is a key factor in explaining differences in income. Examining the drivers of performance, the paper finds that human capital and managerial skills are important engines of performance.


Joseph Heller is one of the most important writers of Black Humor in America.Catch-22.His representative works,reflects on absurd reality in comic form.At the same time,it creates various images through anti-hero character-molding as well as anti-fiction narrative structure.


We show in this text how the most important homology equivalences of fundamental Algebraic Topology can be obtained as reductions associated to discrete vector fields. Mainly the homology equivalences whose existence -- most often non-constructive -- is proved by the main spectral sequences, the Serre and Eilenberg-Moore spectral sequences. On the contrary, the constructive existence is here systematically looked for and obtained.


Background: No methods are superior when setting positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) in acute lung injury (ALI). In ALI, the vertical distance (hysteresis) between the inspiratory and expiratory limbs of a static pressure–volume (PV) loop mainly indicates lung recruitment. We hypothesized that PEEP set at the pressure where hysteresis is 90% of its maximum (90%MH) would give similar oxygenation, but less cardiovascular depression than PEEP set at the pressure at lower inflection point (LIP) on the inspiratory limb or at the point of maximal curvature (PMC) on the expiratory limb in ALI.


"July 12, 1861 Sailed from Boston, on a short cruise in search of the Rebel Privateer (Brig) Jeff Davis—said to be on a Rampage off this Port." So begins the journal of Nicholas Lynch, Warrant Officer, U.S. Navy. Among primary documents providing insight into Civil War naval history, letters and personal journals written by on-scene observers are among the most intriguing. Such sources often provide details lacking in newspaper accounts of naval actions, or in the Official Records of the Navy (ORN) or ships' logbooks, which tend to be factual in content. More important, letters and journals are much more likely than these other sources to reflect an observer's feelings and emotions. Such is the case with the journal of Nicholas Lynch.


Recently, earthquake occurrence in Korea has become frequent, and earthquakes with an earthquake magnitude of 5.0 or more are becoming more and more interested in safety of low-rise buildings. In this study, the seismic performance difference according to the core (shear wall) position of...


The movement processes of the older people during walking on level ground were captured by the high-speed video camera with the speed of 500 frames per second. The gait parameters of the older people during walking on level ground were obtained by the quantitative analysis of the successive photographs captured by the high-speed video camera. Kinematics features of the older people during walking on level ground were discussed. Along with the growth of the age, step velocity, step frequency and step length were reduced, and gait cycle was rising. According to the morphology of the older people during walking on level ground, a mechanical model was put forward to aid the design of the exoskeleton walking robot. The couple walking characteristics between the older wearer and the exoskeleton walking robot was studied. In the single support phase of the exoskeleton walking robot, the change of the hip joint was gradually decreased to provide the driving force for the stable walk, the change of the knee joint was increased and following decreased and then increased to forward the older people's body center of gravity, and the change of the ankle joint was gradually increased to reduce the impact force of the ground. The results would provide the basic theory to bionic references for improving the reasonable properties of the exoskeleton walking robot. This work would provide certain theoretical and practical base in developing the exoskeleton walking robot on bionic structural design.


We present an abstraction of the effect of procedures through convex sets of transition matrices. Conditional branching is handled by postponing the conditional evaluation after the procedure call. In order to obtain an effective analysis convex sets are approximated by polyhedra. For an efficient implementation we approximate polyhedra by means of simplices. In [CH78], Cousot and Halbwachs present an intraprocedural analysis of linear inequalities based on an abstraction of the collecting semantics [CC92] by means of convex polyhedra. They draw upon both the frame and the constraint representation of polyhedra to perform their standard widening [CH78]. More precise widening strategies on convex polyhedra are provided in [BZHR03]. Based on this approach, an interprocedural analysis can be obtained by relating input and output states of a procedure call by means of linear inequalities. This leads to transition invariants on program variables before and after the procedure call. In the simple example in figure 1 (from [MOS04]) the relational semantics of procedure f at program state 2 can be described by the transition invariants x = xold ∨ x = 2 · xold − 2. The approximation of these invariants by polyhedra leads to a complete loss of information. Although this approach works in several practical cases (e.g. McCarthy91 function [MM70]), it is too restrictive for a precise interprocedural analysis.


This paper presents the design and experimental results for a 5 x 5 tin-oxide gas-sensor array system with particular focus on the employed multiplexed-analog-input 0.35 mum CMOS interface circuit chip. This interface circuit reads the electrical response of all the elements of the array in time sharing by means of a solid-state selector, actually exploiting a row-column query technique and provides digital output to a dedicated Lab ViewTM software. The proposed system shows very promising properties in terms of data redundancy in order to improve the Signal-to-Noise-Ratio in electronic nosing and for future studies about the influence of gas consumption rate over the metal oxide surface for a 2-D array.


Much of the modern world is characterized by large interconnected systems, such as the internet, traffic, electricity, or river networks, and large industrial manufacturing sites. These systems are composed of multiple subsystems that mutually influence each other, such that local decisions may have long-range effects throughout the entire system. But how can these large interconnected systems be operated in an optimal way? Controlling each subsystem independently, in a decentralized way, is rarely optimal and might even lead to instability. With standard techniques, controlling the whole system in a centralized fashion is not possible either, due to the tremendous computational complexity of the centralized control task. What can be done? The HD-MPC project has developed new methods for control of large-scale systems that are based on the principle of model-based predictive control (MPC). MPC uses a mathematical model of the system in order to predict and to optimize its future behavior. MPC is a well-known control technique for constrained systems with multiple inputs and multiple outputs and ideally solves a centralized optimization problem in each sampling time. For large interconnected systems the solution of this centralized MPC problem has not been possible with standard methods. The idea of the HD-MPC project has been to exploit both hierarchical as well as distributed algorithmic approaches to address the large MPC problem and render its solution possible even for extremely large interconnected systems. The building blocks of the HD-MPC architecture are optimization, control, and estimation methods that are highly parallelizable, keep calculations and decisions on a local level as much as possible, and scale well with the system. A collection of new methods and results that are based on the HD-MPC approach have has been published in the special issue of the


This letter presents a heart sound monitoring system with a chest-worn sensor without contact with the skin. A self-injection-locked oscillator (SILO) and tag antenna are the essential components of the sensor, which operates at 5.8 GHz. The sensor uses the tag antenna to transmit the SILO output signal whose frequency is modulated by the Doppler effect that is caused by the chest movement, to a remote frequency modulation (FM) receiver for extracting the heart sounds. The tag antenna comprises a loop antenna and a concentric loop (CL) in a stack to improve the directivity toward the chest. Experiments were conducted at several auscultation sites to identify the four major heart sounds—the first heart sound (S1), the second heart sound (S2), systole, and diastole—based on a hidden semi-Markov model (HSMM). The results thus obtained correlate well with phonocardiogram (PCG) measurements.


Shanxi businessmen played an important role in modern economic history as a famous branch of business society in Ming and Qing Dynasty. This paper is to discuss the glory of Shanxi business and the cause of the businessmen gathered together in Jinzhong District.


An analysis of the attitude determination and control system required for a small geostationary satellite is performed in this thesis. A three axis quaternion feedback reaction wheel control system is the primary control system used to meet the stringent accuracy requirements. A momentum bias controller is also evaluated to provide redundancy and to extend actuator life. Momentum dumping is preformed by magnetic torque rods using a crossproduct controller. Performance of three axis thruster control is also evaluated. A full state Extended Kalman filter is used to determine attitude and body angular rates during normal operation whereas a Multiplicative Extended Kalman Filter is used during attitude manoeuvres. An analytical orbit control study is also performed to calculate the propellant required to perform station-keeping, for a specific sub-satellite location over a ten year period. Finally an investigation on the effects caused by thruster misalignment, on satellite attitude is also performed.


s: In order to study heat dissipation ability of spontaneously hypertensive rats, threshold core temperatures for occurrence of the tail vasodilation were compared among adult male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Mean age of month (M.) and mean systolic blood pressure were 8.4±0.5 M; 205±5 mmHg for SHR, 7.2±0.6 M; 240±8 mmHg for SHRSP and 7.6±1.1 M; 140±6 mmHg for WKY. For the measurement, each rat was placed into a small wire-mesh cage for a loose restraint. Rectal temperature, tail skin temperature and air temperature were simultaneously recorded by means of thermistor probes or copperconstantan thermocouples. Air temperature was gradually raised at a constant rate of 0.17°C/min. Stepwise changes in the tail skin temperature were observed during the gradual elavation of the air temperature. The beginning of the tail vasodilation was detected by the 1st increase in tail skin temperature. Mean threshold core temperature for the 1st vasodilation in SHR, SHRSP and WKY were, 38.9±0.1°C, 38.4±0.1°C and 38.0±0.1°C, respectively. Threshold core temperatures for the 1st vasodilation in SHR and SHRSP were significantly high compared to that in WKY, while the threshold in SHRSP was significantly lower than SHR. Mean values of threshold Ta for the 1st tail vasodilation in SHR, SHRSP and WKY were 30.1±0.5°C, 29.9±0・6°C and 29.7±0.5°C, respectively. There was no statistical significance among these values. These results are consistent with the fact that the core temperature in adult SHRSP is not always high as SHR, even though blood pressure of SHRSP is higher than SHR. And these facts also suggest that high systemic blood pressure itself may not cause developing high core temperature in these genetically hypertensive rats.


Excerpt To the editor: The current concept of remission in acute leukemia is associated with the degree of "cell kill"—longer remissions with greater cell kill. A cure means total cell kill. Weintr...


The activity of the enzyme glucose-phosphate isomerase (GPI-1) in mouse oocytes is subject to regulation by the cis-acting gene Gpi-lta. Electrophoretic analysis of oocytes from 9- and 10-day-old mice showed that oocyte-specific regulation of GPI-1 is not observed in germ cells that have not started to grow (20 μm diameter) but appears as soon as oocyte growth begins (30 μm or larger). Three in vitro culture systems were used to examine the relation of GPI-1 expression to oocyte growth: culture of intact neonatal ovaries, and co-culture of dissociated oocytes and somatic cells from neonatal and from 13-day foetal ovaries. In all three systems modification of GPI-1 expression always occurred when oocyte growth began, showing that the presence of a normal follicle is not necessary for the expression of the gene Gpi-lta.


New creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) cultivars should be thoroughly evaluated for disease resistance and fungicide application strategies for inclusion in integrated pest management plans. Our objectives were to evaluate dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett) and brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) severity, and turf quality of L-93', Penncross', Providence', and Crenshaw' creep-ing bentgrass managed using preventive, curative, and weather model-based fungicide application strategies. This field study was conducted on a sand-based putting green in Manhattan, KS, from 1997 through 1999. Nonfungicide-treated L-93 exhibited greatest resistance to dollar spot; Penncross and Providence were intermediate; and Crenshaw was most susceptible. Crenshaw exhibited greater brown patch susceptibility than other cultivars in 1998, but was similar to L-93 in 1999. Greater flexibility in imposing a disease control strategy was afforded by using a disease-resistant (i.e., L-93), rather than a disease-susceptible (i.e., Crenshaw) cultivar. Dollar spot was controlled in L-93 using preventive fungicide applications on 14- or 28-d intervals, preventive low-rate applications of chlorothalonil (tetrachloroisophthalonitrile, 3.5 kg a.i. ha -1 ) every 7 d, or a curative fungicide application when an increase in the disease was observed. In Crenshaw, only the 14-d preventive fungicide regime effectively controlled dollar spot. Considering all cultivars across the 3-yr period, fewer fungicide applications were made using a curative (n = 11-17) than a preventive (n = 30) strategy. The curative strategy was effective when dollar spot, but not when brown patch was the primary disease.


A major concern of ESL teachers is the social and cultural adjustment of their students to life in the U.S. Clarke (1976) suggests that students who act withdrawn, anxious, confused, or angry have problems related to culture shock. Teachers who see students struggling with these problems often ask "What can we do to help them?" If we ascribe to Brown's theory (1980) that learning a second culture is part of learning a second language, then we must ask "How can we teach them the subtleties of culture?"

In order to answer these questions, we first examine the terms culture, culture shock, cultural fatigue, and trans-cultural dialogue for insights as to how teachers can evaluate the students' needs in the learning situation. We suggest that if teachers offer students a safe, secure learning environment for testing their observations about English and U.S. culture, then they will acquire both the language and the cultural subtleties necessary for appropriate social behavior. Second, we examine the use of role play as the key to teaching these subtleties. Role play promotes the process of trans-cultural dialogue while providing students with the opportunity to practice new language and social forms in realistic situations. Using a realistic situation as an example, we outline an eight step procedure for the implementation of role play,


Non-formal education is a path of education outside of formal educational line made by the government to facilitate people who can't take a formal education. Learning time on non-formal education is much less compared to formal education. Therefore, it becomes a problem for the people who take a non-formal education. In addition, the lack of learning innovations also become constraints in non-formal schools. The study developed E-learning based Moodle which contains learning materials, assignments, and the question of the test. It aimed to develop a valid and practical E-learning. This development research used the development model of Thiagarajan et al. The stages in this research were defining, designing, and developing. Based on the results of the study, obtained E-learning which could increase the learning time and provide innovations in non-formal school learning. Meanwhile, the average total aspect of all validators was 4.19. According to the validation criteria, it could be concluded that the developed E-learning was included in the valid category. After E-learning practical stated, then the E-learning was tested in XI graders of PKBM Al-Hikmah Tangkil Kulon. Based on the average questionnaire which was given to the learning community, the results were obtained x=3,31 after testing. Based on the criteria of practicality, it could be concluded that the developed E-learning was practical. This meant that the developed E-learning based Moodle was valid and practical. Non-formal education is a path of education outside of formal educational line made by the government to facilitate people who can't take a formal education. Learning time on non-formal education is much less compared to formal education. Therefore, it becomes a problem for the people who take a non-formal education. In addition, the lack of learning innovation s also become constraint s in non-formal schools. The study developed E-learning based Moodle which contains learning materials, assignments, and the question of the test . It aimed to develop a valid and practical E-learning. This development research used the development model of Thiagarajan et al. The stages in this research were defining, designing, and developing. Based on the results of the study, obtained E-learning which could increase the learning time and provide innovations in non-formal school learning. Meanwhile, the average total aspect of all validators was 4.19. According to the validation criteria, it could be concluded that the developed E-learning was included in the valid category. After E-learning practical stated, then the E-learning was tested in XI graders of PKBM Al-Hikmah Tangkil Kulon. Based on the average questionnaire which was given to the learning community, the results were obtained after testing . Based on the criteria of practicality, it could be concluded that the developed E-learning was practical. This meant that the developed E-learning based Moodle was valid and practical.


The historically good performance of concrete structures in real fires, and the lack of urgent drivers for the concrete industry to support research on the fire performance of concrete structures, means that research on the full frame response of concrete buildings to fires has received much less attention than for steel-framed structures. However, a credible understanding of, and ability to model, the response of concrete structures under fire exposure is crucial to make further progress in the field of structural fire engineering, and to make best use of the flexibility enabled by performance-based fire codes. This paper presents a computational study on the structural behaviour of reinforced concrete slabs during fire tests undertaken by Zhang et al.[16]. The distribution of stresses in the slabs is discussed, as is the need for further research to better understand structural response during fire. Amongst other factors, the assumed tensile strength of the concrete is crucial to accurately predict response. The results corroborate the existing consensus that concrete slabs in real buildings can, in some cases, withstand fires for longer than expected; this is due to mobilisation of membrane actions, amongst other factors.


Abstract A three-factor D-optimal mixture design was used to prepare the Elaeis guineensis leaves extract (EgLE) in olive oil-sunflower seed nanoemulsions. The assessed independent variables were the components of an oil-based nanoemulsion that included oil (8–12%, w/w), Span 80:Brij L23 (28–30%, w/w) and aqueous (56–60% w/w) with mean droplet size (MDS) and polydispersity index (PDI) as the responses. Analysis of variance revealed that both responses fitted a quadratic polynomial model and a residual standard error of <5% indicated good agreement between the experimental and predicted values. Optimal formulation with the lowest MDS and PDI was established to be 10% (w/w) oil, 29% (w/w) Span 80:Brij L23 and aqueous at 58% (w/w). Atomic force micrographs showed the MDS of an optimized EgLE w/o nanoemulsion being <200 nm and was kinetically stable (zeta potential: −30.0 ± 0.7 mV). The system showed satisfactory conductivity (0.70 ± 0.02 µS cm−1) and pH (5.6 ± 0.3), alongside resistance to phase separation under centrifugation and freeze-thaw cycles. The nanoemulsion also exhibited shear thinning and pseudoplastic properties, implying good stability against destabilization by coalescence. It can be construed that the developed EgLE nanoemulsion showed potential as a natural-based personal care product. This is the first report on the preparation of EgLE as bioactive ingredients in a w/o nanoemulsion for topical application. Highlights R2 values from ANOVA models of MDS and PDI are 0.9263 and 0.9095, respectively Optimal EgLE formulation was 10% oil, 29% surfactant and 58% water Optimal EgLE formulation showed MDS and PDI of 188.4 nm and 0.22, respectively Optimal EgLE nanoemulsion gave an acceptable pH of 5.6 EgLE nanoemulsion was stable with storage for 90 days at 4 °C, 25 °C and 37 °C Graphical Abstract


Vitamin B9, commonly known as folate or folic acid, is a micronutrient necessary for key metabolic processes. Because humans cannot synthesize folate, they rely on dietary sources for this essential micronutrient. Low serum levels of folate are associated with an increased risk of several health conditions, including elevated homocysteine, birth defects such as neural tube defects and cleft lip/cleft palate, and an increased cancer risk. This review discusses the metabolic processes involved in the bioconversion of ingested folate to 5-MTHF, the importance of adequate dietary folate/folic acid intake and the role of genetic mutations in malabsorption problems with folates.


Introduction. Perianal abscess (PA) is a relatively common condition in children and occurs in 0.5 to 4.3% of the infant population. In the majority of cases, it is associated with fistula in ano (FIA). Surgical treatment of FIA includes fistulectomy, fistulotomy or, rarely, cryptotomy. Aim. The aim of the study is to perform a retrospective analysis of treatment methods and outcomes for PA and FIA in infants at the Department of Paediatric Surgery and Urology of the Regional Specialised Children's Hospital in Olsztyn, Poland, in 2014-2019. Material and methods. From January 2014 to December 2019, 44 infants with diagnosed PA and FIA were treated. The majority of patients were boys: 41 (93%) and only 3 (7%) were girls. For PA, three different treatment methods were used: incision and drainage, fistulotomy or fistulectomy. Results. Out of 44 treated infants with diagnosed PA and FIA, 29 were treated only by incision and drainage. Among them, 19 were cured. FIA was identified in 9 patients and fistulectomy or fistulotomy was performed. In this group, there was 1 recurrence, which was retreated with fistulectomy and cured. In 6 patients, PA drained spontaneously; in 3 of them there was recurrence and FIA was diagnosed during another hospital stay. There were 7 fistulotomies and 14 fistulectomies performed and their efficacy was 100 vs 93%, respectively. Conclusions. Fistulotomy is the most effective and safest method of FIA treatment in infants. In every case of perianal abscess diagnosis, a fistula in ano should be looked for.


Background: Providing healthcare for mothers and children is one of the major health duties in any community and is considered as a health index. Regarding the analysis of healthcare services, Anderson's behavioral model has received great attention. According to this model, social factors play a determining role in consumption of healthcare services. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine social factors affecting healthcare consumption. Patients and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted on 735 women who were mothers and were aged between 15 and 49 years old. These subjects were selected through multi-stage cluster random sampling. The study data were collected using a researcher-made data gathering form. The data were entered into the SPSS software and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression tests with the enter method. The significance level was set at < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the studied women was 30.6 ± 5.7 years. Most of them (628 cases, 85.4%) were housewives and 317 (43.1%) had high school education. Besides, 570 women (77.6%) had no incomes and 94 (12.8%) mentioned that they had received no services during pregnancy. Nevertheless, 74 (56.1%), 248 (33.8%) and 74 (10.1%) had received services from governmental, private, or both centers, respectively. Women's and husbands' education levels as well as women's occupation affected reception of services. Conclusions: According to the results, a large number of the subjects had not received services and in case they had, it was from the private sector. Moreover, social factors, such as education level, income and occupation, were influential factors regarding received services.


Three hundred years ago, this cottage was an alehouse and it was here, as history and tradition relate, that three local noblemen met to begin planning their part in events which led to the overthrow of King James II.


Successful fractionation of albumin, globulin and vicilin fractions from dry seeds of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) was achieved using established procedures for preparation of legume seed proteins. The resulting polypeptides were separated by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under both reducing (in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol [2-ME]) and non-reducing (without 2-ME) conditions. Based on this analysis, it was possible to establish similarities and differences among 26 different accessions of African yam beans collected from local markets in eastern Nigeria. RESUME
Un fractionnement reussi de l'albumine, du globuline et de la viciline des graines seches de haricot igname d'Afrique (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) a ete realise par des procedures etablies pour la preparation des proteines des graines des legumineuses. Les polypeptides qui en resultent ont ete separes par un gel d'electrophorese de polyacrylamide natif sous les conditions de reduction (en presence du 2-mercaptoethanol [2-ME] et de no-reduction (sans 2-ME). Sur base de cette analyse, il a ete possible d'etablir des similarites et des differences entre les 26 accessions des haricots igname d'Afrique collectees dans les differents marches lacaux de l'Est du Nigeria.
(Af Crop Science and Production: 2001 9(4): 607-614)


A pad (2) comprises a supporting layer (30), an adjusting layer (20), and a pressure collection layer (10), the supporting layer (30) having a rigid structure, the adjusting layer (20) comprising multiple independent height adjusters (21) arranged at specified positions in the supporting layer (30), and the pressure collection layer (10) comprising multiple independent pressure sensing sensors (11) arranged opposite to the height adjusters (21). The pressure collection layer (10) acquires physiological signals or a posture of a human body on the pad according to data collected by the pressure sensing sensors (11). The adjusting layer (20) controls, according to the physiological signals and/or the posture, the height adjusters (21) to perform height adjustment. Also provided is a method for controlling the pad (2), by means of which a human body pressure distribution status on the pad can be adjusted to allow more comfortable and healthier lying.


Review. The paper attempts to analyze the possibilities, limits and prospects of «interference» in the regulation of the Eurasian integration of the European Court of Human Rights.


This study assembles the main results of the research carried out during the last several years on the application of hydro-acoustic technology to the evaluation of biomass and distribution of small-pelagic-fish species off the southern coast of Sicily. The biomass estimates and the population-density charts presented concern the two main species: sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus). Six acoustic surveys were carried out from 1998: in June 1998, October 1999, July and September 2000, October 2001 and July 2002. For biomass-evaluation purposes and for the study of distribution, hydro-acoustic data acquired at 38 kHz were used. Large inter-annual fluctuations were observed both for sardine and anchovy populations: sardine biomass estimates ranged from 6,000 metric tons in July 2002 to over 36,000 metric tons in July 2000; anchovy evaluations ranged from about 7,000 metric tons in June 1998 to 23,000 metric tons in October 2001. Such fluctuations suggest the importance of yearly recruitment success, which is affected by environmental variation. Acoustic estimates are largely consistent with the landings recorded in Sciacca (the main fishing port on the southern coast of Sicily for small-pelagic-fish species) during the year following the evaluation surveys, emphasizing their relevance not only to monitoring but also to managing such resources.


Objective This study aims to investigate the incidence of vestibular schwannoma (VS) and demographic characteristics in Korea using population-based National Health Insurance Service data. Methods This study analyzed Korean National Health Insurance Service data from 2005 to 2020, based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th version, Clinical Modification codes D333 and D431. Only those patients who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging and audiologic tests were considered definitive cases. Demographic variables included age, sex, treatment modality, hypertension, diabetics, dyslipidemia, smoking history, alcohol history, and income status. Results The total number of VS patients was 5751. The average incidence rate was 0.71 per 100000 from 2005 to 2020, and the annual incidence rate increased from 0.33 in 2005 to 1.32 in 2019 but decreased to 0.80 in 2020. Incidence was highest in those aged 60–69 years (1.791) and lowest in those younger than 20 years (0.041). Incidence was higher in females, and the number of patients who received radiosurgery (46.64%) was largest compared to the wait and scan group (37.96%), microsurgery group (12.85%), or the group who received both (2.56%). Diabetes, dyslipidemia, and alcohol consumption increased the risk of VS, while cigarette smoking reduced the risk of VS. Conclusion The incidence of VS exhibited an increasing trend from 2005 to 2019. Radiosurgery (46.64%) was the most common treatment modality. Diabetes, dyslipidemia, and alcohol consumption increased the risk of VS, while cigarette smoking reduced the risk of VS.


In this paper we describe an efficient protocol for oblivious evaluation of a binary alphabet Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) between the DFA owner (client) and the input text owner (server). The protocol requires only a single round of client-server communication. The number of server-side computations is linear to the text length and does not depend on the size of the DFA, and the number of client-side computations is linear to the multiplication of the number of the DFA states and text length, and it does not depend on the internal structure of the DFA. Our protocol uses white-box based 1-out-of-2 oblivious transfer protocol as a construction block. As a result, we have no public-key operations in our algorithm. Also, we have developed a test program which implements the protocol and this paper includes the results of benchmarks done for different input data. These results demonstrate the efficiency of the construction and confirm the low computational overhead of server side operations.


Note. The author would like to thank his supportive family and the faculty of St. Thomas University School of Law, especially Roy Balleste, Professor of Law and Director of the Law Library, former Secretary of the Global Internet Governance Academic Network (GigaNet), and current member of ICANN's Noncommercial Users Stakeholder Group (NCSG), for his tireless efforts in educating the author on all things Internet Governance and ensuring a thorough article on this very difficult topic; and Gary Kravitz, Assistant Professor of Legal Writing, for his writing expertise. Welcome to the New Internet The Great gTLD Experiment


Laboratory and engineering studies were conducted to determine the design criteria and cost estimated of providing and operating devices to protect against radiological, biological and chemical warfare agents that may contaminate shore based Naval water supplies. Small disposable columns of mixed cation-anion exchange resins will remove the soluble radionuclides enough to suffice for immediate drinking and culinary purposes. Chemical warfare agents are so numerous and varied that it is not feasible to provide a single protective device to cope with them. Chlorination with free available chlorine residuals of 1 mg liter will handle most biological warfare agents.


This evidence-based paper presents the results of a case study focused on investigating the impact of faculty continuous critical reflection on learning environments, in the context of a first year mathematics course that is mandatory for engineering students. Findings demonstrate that when instructors reflect about their pedagogical practices and act consequently, most aspects of learning environments improve and, as a result, students' willingness to learn, which in turn generates a positively impact on the attainment of learning objectives.


This study discusses how the knowledge of learning styles can be useful in an
evaluation process that seeks to accompany and support the students� learning. It addressed
the concept of learning styles based on experience and suggests ways to use the Inventory of
Learning Styles of Kolb (1993) in the evaluation process guided by goals that aim to assist in
the continuous, formative and diverse learning.


Shaping the National Airspace System for the 21st century requires a clear understanding of the goal to be acheived as well as a firm grasp of the improvements which must be made to acheive that goal. This paper provides a description of the characteristics of a modernized NAS, the goal of current improvement efforts, as well as a description of the improvements that must be made in each functional area to provide the characteristics described.


The present work shows the design and development of a dexterous anthropomorphic robotic hand that meets the requirements of size and similar movement range of a human hand. The main purpose of this project is to support students and researchers to improve their development times. This work gives a close description of how the mechanical system was conceived, how the problems were solved and the processing capacity of the electronic system and its general characteristics.


We introduce the framework of mining association patterns from nested databases Two means to nest data items namely set and sequence are considered The term collection refers to a piece of data obtained by such nestings A natural binary relation de nes the generalization hierarchy among all collections A transaction database is a set of given collections called transactions The problem of mining nested association patterns is to nd all collections that are generalization of some minimum fraction of transactions called nested association patterns We sketch out the working idea of an algorithm for mining nested association patterns


Introduction. The loss of the domestic education system's world leadership has contributed to a sharp decline in the social status of a teacher. The imbalances in the sphere of upbringing-education led to the deformation of the economy and reduction of national security of the state. However, the beginning of a special military operation to protect the lives of civilians of the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics in Ukraine has revised the problem of restoring and building up the educational-technological sovereignty of the country. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current problems in the sphere of education and training of young people, to identify old and new roles of the teacher-mentor and the degree of influence of the institute of mentoring on the formation of educationaltechnological sovereignty of the country.
Materials and Methods. When analyzing and summarizing the most significant works devoted to both timetested and new models of modern mentoring, as well as substantiating and synthesizing the concept of "educational and technological sovereignty", the authors relied on historical and interdisciplinary approaches, the principles of "educational education" by I. Herbart, the ideological legacy of K. D. Ushinsky on "public education", the developments of domestic philosophical, sociological, psychological and pedagogical schools, the experience accumulated in the country in the upbringing and education of young people and adults.
Results. The study of the problem of the formation of the educational and technological sovereignty of the country proves that mentoring as a developing social technology improves the conditions for the local circulation of professional information in society. Adequate to the tasks of "public education" and "educational education", it contributes to the formation of a holistic picture of the world among young people in the course of a direct exchange of cultural, historical, scientific, technological, spiritual and moral knowledge-codes between the subjects of interaction (mentor and ward). Mentoring models work well in management, scientific, educational, industrial, technological and cultural spheres, in healthcare, social security, and the spiritual and religious environment, blocking threats to the national security of the country.
Discussion and Conclusion. The obtained results contribute to the scientific analysis of the phenomenon of mentoring as an interdisciplinary problem, initiate the study of its new forms, which are adequate to the conditions of digitalization of modern society. We hope that they will contribute to the strengthening of the domestic institute of mentoring and, as a result, to building up the cultural, educational and technological sovereignty of the country.


research into the origins of life subscribes to the Darwinian principle of material causes operating in an evolutionary context, as advocated by A. I. Oparin and J. B. S. Haldane in the 1920s. In its simplest form (e.g., a bacterial cell) extant biological complexity relies on the functional integration of metabolic networks and replicative genomes inside a lipid boundary. Different research programmes have explored the prebiotic plausibility of each of these autocatalytic subsystems and combinations thereof: self-maintained networks of small molecules, template chemistry, and self-reproductive vesicles. This tutorial review focuses on the debates surrounding the origin of metabolism and offers a brief overview of current studies on the evolution of metabolic networks. I suggest that a leitmotif in the origin and evolution of metabolism is the role played by catalysers' substrate ambiguity and multifunctionality.


Efforts to enlist small faith-related organizations as partners in public service delivery raise many questions. Using community social service networks as the unit of analysis, this paper asks one with broader relevance to nonprofit sector managers: What factors support and constrain effective integration of these organizations into a local service delivery network? The evidence and illustrations come from longitudinal case studies of five faith-related organizations who received their first government contract as part of a California faith-based initiative. By comparing the organizational development and network partnership trajectories of these organizations over more than a decade, the analysis identifies four key variables influencing partnership dynamics and outcomes: organizational niche within the local network; leadership connections and network legitimacy; faith-inspired commitments and persistence; and core organizational competencies and capacities. The evidence supports shifting the focus of faith-based initiatives to emphasize local planning and network development, taking into account how these four variables apply to specific organizations and their community context.


This paper presents a mixed-signal outphasing RF-PWM modulator with improved time resolution and high dynamic range realized in 40nm CMOS. Phase shifting is implemented using synchronously tapped analog delay lines comprising integrated L and C devices and achieving a fine-step delay of 2 ps while occupying acceptable silicon area and consuming zero power. The analog outputs of the delay lines are converted to CMOS-compatible square pulses that drive an AND gate which generates RF-PWM pulses with minimum pulse width of 10ps on a 50-Ohm load. According to system-integrated modulator co-simulation results, an ACLR of -45dBc is achieved from a 40 MHz baseband signal on a 2.65 GHz carrier.


The novel form has been deployed, over the ages, as a tool of propagating moral issues that have been the basis for defining the human person in his relationship with both terrestrial and celestial forces. The human person is accepted or rejected on the basis of the moral codes set by and with which man lives his life. Every society holds its individual member accountable and subsequently demands compliance to its moral laws. Relying on the Yoruba moral principle and through character analysis of Lola Soneyin"s The Secret Lives of Baba Segi's Wives, the paper examines the author"s radical departure from the moral norm, through which the Yoruba view their world. It is established that, most female characters provide justification for their sexual escapades outside their matrimony. Consequently, the author has impliedly sanctioned moral vices, especially adultery, within the context of constant threat, as a result of inability to have children. I have argued that, the justification provided by the author of the novel for extra marital escapades, especially by her female characters, is unacceptable. I concluded that, virtuous act should never be sacrificed on the altar of any radical ideology. This is because literature, in my view, is the most important and richest source of insight into moral codes and as such should be in favour of the best moral standard.


The present invention relates to a personal broadcasting service method and system. A personal broadcasting service method according to the present invention comprises the steps of manufacturing the broadcast content with the broadcast content on the authoring tool maker terminal; The method comprising at the producer terminal to request a broadcast channel and a time allocated to the broadcasting system, and upload the broadcast content; Further comprising: in the broadcasting system is determined whether or not the broadcast can be broadcast content, and if broadcasting can determine a channel and a time to broadcast the notification to the producer terminal; And transmitting the broadcast content to the viewer terminal through the wired or wireless communication network in the broadcasting system. Private, broadcasting, content


In a book certain to generate controversy and debate, Idith Zertal boldly interprets a much revered chapter in contemporary Jewish and Zionist history: the clandestine immigration to Palestine of Jewish refugees, most of them Holocaust survivors, that was organized by Palestinian Zionists just after World War II. Events that captured the attention of the world, such as the Exodus affair in the summer 1947, are seen here in a strikingly new light. At the center of Zertal's book is the Mossad, a small, unorthodox Zionist organization whose mission beginning in 1938 was to bring Jews to Palestine in order to subvert the British quotas on Jewish immigration. "From Catastrophe to Power" scrutinizes the Mossad's mode of operation, its ideology and politics, its structure and history, and its collective human profile as never before. Zertal's moving story sweeps across four continents and encompasses a range of political cultures and international forces. But underneath this story another darker and more complex plot unfolds: the special encounter between the Zionist revolutionary collective and the mass of Jewish remnant after the Holocaust. According to Zertal, this psychologically painful yet politically powerful encounter was the Zionists' most effective weapon in their struggle for a sovereign Jewish state. Drawing on primary archival documents and new readings of canonical texts of the period, she analyzes this encounter from all angles - political, social, cultural, and psychological. The outcome is a gripping and troubling human story of a crucial period in Jewish and Israeli history, one that also provides a key to understanding the fundamental tensions between Israel and the Jewish communities and Israel and the world today.


Analyzes of reply glycemic and cardiac frequency during a session of rpm® in practitioners of the feminine sort The purpose of this study was to analyze glucose, heart rate and ratings of perceive exertion responses and to verify the exercise intensity during a RPM® cycle indoor session. Eight females (32.5 ± 6 yr; 1.63 ±0.04 m; 61.4 ±7.3 kg; 23.11 ± 2.98 Kg/m


Objective To optimize the isolation and culture conditions of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)in human umbilical cord in vitro,and explore their biological properties.Methods Human umbilical cord blood was collected in sterile condition,then the mononuclear cells were obtained by density gradient centrifugation and cultured in IMDM medium containing 10% fetal bovin serum.After the adherent mononuclear cells were obtained,the investigation and immunocytochemical identification of the cell cycles,cell growth,apoptosis of the mononuclear cells were conducted.Result MSCs obtained by Percoll(1.073g/ml)were similar in size,spindle-shaped or star-shaped epidermal-liked cells,expanded in size,and fibroblasts-like cells increased after passage culture.Cell growth curve analysis indicated that MSCs were in the exponential stage after 5d culture and in the stationary stages after 9d culture.FACS analysis showed that 14.8% of MSCs were in G2+S phase,the CD45 positive cells were about 42% by immunocytochemical identification.Conclusion The human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells were grown stably in vitro and can be used as the seed-cells in tissue engineering.


A few of the issues faced by the kurtosis detection algorithm on recent field campaigns is discussed here. The performance of the kurtosis algorithm in detecting multiple-source Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) is characterized. A new RFI statistical model is presented in the paper to take into account the behavior of RFI sources under a large foot-print. Results indicate the behavior of the kurtosis ratio under central-limit conditions due to large number of RFI sources.


The Projct for Strengthening Health Delivery Systems (SHDS) in Central and West Africa is funded by the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and works in Collaboration with the World Health Organizaton/AFRO to improve health systems in 20 countries of Central and West Africa. Early in 1979 Project SHDS was asked by WHO/AFRO to focus on the development of applied research. It was agreed that this would be done through support of training efforts and specific research projects in the area of applied research. SHDS staff designed an applied research training course for the purpose of enhancing the capability of potential researchers to prepare research proposals that would address priority primary health care (PHC) projects. It was decided that the most useful type of course to develop as an initial effort would be a 2-3 week course concerning development of proposals and design of applied research to solve PHC problems. The course is intended for researchers administrators and/or educators. The course is designed to lead the participants step by step through the research design process while assisting small groups or individuals to develop their own proposals as they learn. The course has now been given several times in the region and all in but the 1st course have course graduates from the region been used as trainers. In 1982 the SHDS Project began to organize regional courses for "training trainers" in applied research. These courses include both the research course itself and a training component focusing on teaching skills and techniques for adapting the course for use in the participants own health training institutions. The lessons learned from the 5 year esperience of this applied research program are summarized. Although applied research is an important tool for solving primary health care (PHC) operational problems its development has been constrained by lack of training of researchers and decisionmakers and a lack of support from the health system and other sectors. A course such as the SHDS/WHO/AFRO can be effective in motivating health professionals to develop useful applied research projects in PHC. Applied research and training programs should be well integrated with ongoing PHC programs so that studies undertaken respond to key decision making needs. Training in applied research should be practical focusing on learning by doing. The initial 2-3 week course needs to be followed up with further training and research experience.


1. Macroeconomic Conditions, Health and Mortality Health is conventionally believed to deteriorate during macroeconomic downturns. However, the empirical evidence supporting this view is surprisingly weak and research conducted over the last decade instead suggests that mortality decreases and physical health improves when the economy temporarily weakens. This partially refl ects reductions in external sources of death, such as traffi c fatalities and other accidents, but changes in lifestyles and health behaviours also play a role. This chapter summarizes how recent research has changed our current understanding of how health is aff ected by macroeconomic fl uctuations.


Background The impact of strikes by health workers in lowand middle-income countries (LMIC) is not well described. We systematically reviewed articles on the impact of health workers' strikes on health outcomes or health service utilization in LMIC. Methods We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases on May 27, 2019. To be included for review, articles met the following criteria: (1) reported on a strike that involved at least one cadre of health worker; (2) reported on a strike in a LMIC; (3) included at least one outcome related to patient or population health or health service utilization; and, (4) included a reference group or time period. There were no date or language restrictions. We modified the Newcastle-Ottawa Tool to appraise study quality. The review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019124989). Findings Among 5,123 articles, eleven articles met inclusion criteria. Studies examined 20 strikes in LMIC from 1991 to 2017 (average strike length of 32·9 days), with five studies from Kenya, two each from India and Nigeria, and one each from Malawi and South Africa. The majority of studies reported hospital admissions or inpatient mortality. Generally, health service utilization decreased during strike periods, but changes in patient mortality and other health outcomes varied. Study quality was heterogenous with most studies reporting from a single facility or medical department. Interpretation Compared to high-income settings, our study suggests a more complex picture of the effect of strikes by health workers on health and health service utilization outcomes in LMIC.


The prison of the known can we live without conflict? the meaning of dialogue practice and solidarity - we are the world science and the religious mind a call for active being - being at home in the world living from within - Krishnamurti and the holy ground of freedom.


Recent theoretical studies (NΔ), (NN*) and (ΔΔ) isobar admixtures to the two‐nucleon bound and conbinuum states are reviewed, including a critical survey of spectator experiments designed to search for the Δ (1236) in the deuteron ground state.


Food consumption pattern between Korea and Japan were compared on the basis of the data from the National Nutrition survey which has been carried out annually in Korea (1969-1988) and in Japan (1950-1988) for the guide of the future food and nutrition policy. Total food intake has been decreased in Japan since 1973. In spite of fluctation of total food intake, there was an increase of food consumption in Korea. The intake of animal food has been increased, while that of vegetable food decreased, in both countries. Proportion of the total food intake from animal sources of Japanese in 1988, 25.3%, was greater than that of Koreans, 20%. The intakes of cereal and grain products have been decreased in both countries, but the amount of these food groups consumed by Koreans was 70 to 80g more than that by Japanese in 1988. When the animal food intake was compared, intakes of meats, fishes, shellfish and eggs have been increased considerably in Korea. Intakes of milk and milk products and meat have been increased, while those of fishes, shellfishes and eggs kept an even level since 1975, in Japan. According to changes of the national standards of height and weight in both countries, the average height has been increased greatly from 1970 to 1980 in Korea, and the tendency was the same for the average weight.


With highway tunnel construction technology development and progress, my country's social infrastructure construction is booming. Many tunnels have a particular slope. The slope is more important for the construction of long and large tunnels-high demands. Based on the actual engineering case of Xinglong Tunnel, this paper uses FLUENT numerical simulation software to calculate. The research results show that the slope has a significant effect on the change of wind speed along the way. The greater the pitch, the higher the wind speed along the tunnel at the same distance from the tunnel face. The wind speed decreases more slowly along the tunnel as a whole; the more significant the slope, the lower the dust concentration in the tunnel at the same distance from the tunnel face, which is more conducive to the rapid discharge of dust generated by the tunnel face blasting in the tunnel.


Abstract In aortic smooth muscle cell cultures of adult and newborn rats, the NECA-induced CAMP accumulation was enhanced in adults. The inhibitory effect of the A,-receptor is unlikely to be the main factor responsible for this large difference.


This research is a bio-bibliographical study of an American ethnomusicologist, Anthony Seeger. Issues discussed include seeking information about Seeger as an important figure, his contribution to scientific development, music education, music history, and basic knowledge of ethnomusicology. Since the data are in the form of written sources that not only come from his works but also the works of others who cite his works so that literature review is used as a research method to obtain answers to the problems raised. This study concluded that the anthropological approach greatly influenced the characteristics of Seeger's field research in studying the Suyá's music in the interior part of Brazil. The report from the research turned out to be an essential source for the development of Seeger's theories of musical anthropology. From the success of Seeger, we could learn how important fieldwork is in ethnomusicology.


The inter-regional development in India has been characterized by imbalances in the rural-urban linkages. This researh focuses on the development of agropolitan that is agricultural-based small urban areas in rural regions with the aim of sustainable regional development. Agropolitan area is an area with agriculture activities which has urban facilities in it. The agropolitan development focuses on organized agricultural commodity in rural areas by developing derivative products of the primary agricultural commodity to be marketed outside the area and increasing human resource capabilities. The present research work is emphasizing the power of GIS and remote sensing which will cause to development of agropolitan modelling.


In this paper, we introduce a multimodal environment and semantics for facilitating communication and interaction with a computational agent, as proxy to a robot. To this end, we have created an embodied 3D simulation enabling both the generation and interpretation of multiple modalities, including: language, gesture, and the visualization of objects moving and agents acting in their environment. Objects are encoded with rich semantic typing and action affordances, while actions themselves are encoded as multimodal expressions (programs), allowing for contextually salient inferences and decisions in the environment.


Probabilistic approach were applied to the screening diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia, latent iron deficiency, B12-deficiency anemia, microcytic and normocytic anemia of chronic diseases and macrocytic anemia without deficiency of vitamin В12. Distribution in investigated groups of the some reticulocytic and erythrocytic parameters of hemogram was analyzed. Model construction is described in detail. The model's performance was evaluated with actual case data. It was successful in correctly classifying 87,7% of 238 documented cases of anemia and 179 of nonanemic individuals. It was exhibit sufficient accuracy for it to be considered for use reporting screening anemic conditions diagnosis on hematology. А better performance of the probabilistic approach must be confirmed through prospective testing on a larger data set.


Dr. Wolfe from the Hearts for Hearing Foundation in Oklahoma presented results from an evaluation of the adaptive directional microphone system in the Widex Diva hearing aid. He began by describing the difficulties that hearing impaired people, both children and adults, have hearing in noise. Children often communicate in noisy environments and because their auditory skills are still developing, they do not have the same abilities to detect where the sound is coming from compared to adult listeners.


A novel all-band 60-GHz RoF system with 4 sub-bands has been proposed to offer converged legacy wireless services and multi-gigabit data access. Successful transmission of 0.4-Gb/s QPSK-OFDM and three independent 0.5-Gb/s OOK data is achieved.


We investigate the computation of parametrizations of convolution surfaces of paraboloids and arbitrary parametrized surfaces. In particular it will turn out that the addressed problem is linear such that the convolution of a paraboloid and a rational surface admits rational parametrizations. In addition, the convolution of paraboloids and surfaces from special classes, like ruled surfaces or surfaces of rotation will be studied.


Document Information System management was designed to manage and process digital documents in the Faculty of Information Technology Maranatha Christian Univercity. Documents in this application are the documents files that have been converted to digital documents and the files stored on this application can also be downloaded. Additionally, this application can also search for documents by keyword or specific criteria and can provide notification if the validity period of the document runs out. In designing this system, data sources and information were obtained from the Faculty of Information Technology Maranatha Christian Univercity. This application was designed by the programming language Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) and MySQL database in XAMPP software. The preparation of reports on the application was run by FPDF (Free Portable Document Format).


A new nonparametric method for constructing a spatial representation of multidimensional test structure is presented. CCSCAL (for Conditional Covariance-based SCALing) constructs an item vector representation of test structure using conditional covariance-based scaling. A conditional covariance-based dissimilarity measure between items, and a form of multidimensional scaling in which dissimilarities are represented by angles between vectors, are used. This method can be used to investigate a broad range of multidimensional test structures. An index is described to measure the accuracy of the representation. Several simulated and real-data analyses show that the method provides a suitable approximation to multidimensional test structures.


ABSTRACT This article analyzes the intersection between neo-liberal educational reforms and educational technology in the Israeli education system, through a study of the policy work of an edtech research and development unit in Israel named MindCET, which operates a startup accelerator and other activities and programs. Based on ethnographic research from the first two years of MindCET's operation (2013–2014) alongside analysis of interviews and publications, I explore the edtech sector discourse and practices expressed by MindCET and the ways in which it attempts to promote educational reforms based on technologies, methods, and reasoning from the techno-business world. The article traces the disruption logic of MindCET – which evolved from disruptive innovation business theory – and how this logic is manifested in MindCET's activities and educational policy work. I claim that MindCET's policy work is implemented not by promoting in-system change, but rather through its disruption mode: a set of activities that distribute connections, ideas, possibilities, and experiences that are intended to create conditions and mindsets for willingness for disruptive change in education.


Knowledge management and receiving new managers' methods are important for enterprise development and human resources management. Innovative decision represents break with the past and managers are seeking new approaches and new ways of managing staff and new development. The article shows the necessary range of the important abilities of the critical and created thinking, the field of social change and areas of knowledge, behavior and thinking in the processes of employees´ management. An article presents the partial results of the project registered at the Ministry of education, youth and spots of the Czech Republic under registration number CZ.1.07/2.2.00/07.0178 "Study of Rural Economy Development of South Bohemia in Czech Budejovice" and the project GA JU 039/2013/S "Human Resources Management of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises." It focuses on development in relation to human resources and innovations, with a focus on developing students' knowledge, future managers and potential founders family companies and enterprises, finding new ways and innovative approaches to the development of human potential human capital.


The symbiotic fixation of atmospheric nitrogen (N) in root nodules of tropical legumes such as pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) is a complex process, which is regulated by multiple genetic factors at the host plant genotype microsymbiont interface. The process involves multiple genes with various modes of action and is accomplished only when both organisms are compatible. Therefore, it is necessary to develop tools for the genetic manipulation of the host or bacterium towards improving N fixation. In this study, we sequenced the genome of a robust rhizobial strain, Rhizobium tropici '10ap3' that was compatible with pigeonpea, and we determined its genome size. The genome consisted of a large circular chromosome (6,297,373 bp) and contained 6013 genes of which 99.13% were coding sequences. However only 5833 of the genes were associated with proteins that could be assigned to specific functions. The genes for nitrogen, phosphorus and iron metabolism, stress response and the adenosine monophosphate nucleoside for purine conversion were present in the genome. However, the genome contained no common nod genes, suggesting that an alternative pathway involving a purine derivative was involved in the symbiotic association with pigeonpea.


Vanadium doped gallium lanthanum sulphide glass (V:GLS) displays three absorption bands at 580, 730, and 1155nm identified by photoluminescence excitation measurements. Broad photoluminescence, with a full width at half maximum of ∼500nm, is observed peaking at 1500nm when exciting at 514, 808, and 1064nm. The fluorescence lifetime and quantum efficiency at 300K were measured to be 33.4μs and 4%, respectively. From the available spectroscopic data, the authors propose the vanadium ions' valence to be 3+ and be in tetrahedral coordination. The results indicate a potential for the development of a laser or optical amplifier based on V:GLS.


In modern humanities, there is a heightened interest in the problems of religious mythology, which determine the spiritual aspects of the ethnic and cultural traditions of peoples. As is well known, many theological representations of antiquity are preserved in an epic interpretation, as evidenced by the famous mythological poems of the Near East, India, Greece, etc. Therefore, the study of the sacred world of the Buryat Hesariad, represented by the pantheon of epic deities, seems relevant. With a general lack of knowledge of the religious-mythological tradition of the Eastern steppe, a complex of Uranic deities of Buryat mythology is first interpreted in close connection with the heavenly genesis of the epic hero. First of all, this article explores the pantheon of deities in Buryat mythology associated with the cult of the sky. In comparative terms, a description is given of the world of the gods, contained in the heavenly prologue of the epos "Geser." The author comes to the conclusion that in the epos of Geser, the most "hereditary" features of the original epic tradition of Central (Inner) Asia, as well as many elements of the ancient axiological fund of Mongolian peoples, remain. The article also examines the aspects of the image of Khormusta and its transformation in the system of the Buryat-Mongolian religious mythology and shamanist tradition.


Edge computing hosts applications close to the end users and enables low-latency real-time applications. Modern applications inturn have adopted the microservices architecture which composes applications as loosely coupled smaller components, or services. This complements edge computing infrastructure that are often resource constrained and may not handle monolithic applications. Instead, edge servers can independently deploy application service components, although at the cost of communication overheads. Consistently meeting application service level objectives while also optimizing application deployment (placement and migration of services) cost and communication overheads in mobile edge cloud environment is non-trivial. In this paper we propose and evaluate three dynamic placement strategies, two heuristic (greedy approximation based on set cover, and integer programming based optimization) and one learning-based algorithm. Their goal is to satisfy the application constraints, minimize infrastructure deployment cost, while ensuring availability of services to all clients and User Equipment (UE) in the network coverage area. The algorithms can be extended to any network topology and microservice based edge computing applications. For the experiments, we use the drone swarm navigation as a representative application for edge computing use cases. Since access to real-world physical testbed for such application is difficult, we demonstrate the efficacy of our algorithms as a simulation. We also contrast these algorithms with respect to placement quality, utilization of clusters, and level of determinism. Our evaluation not only shows that the learning-based algorithm provides solutions of better quality; it also provides interesting conclusions regarding when the (more traditional) heuristic algorithms are actually better suited.


Miao medicine is the precious medical heritage of China, and with constant development, it has formed its own characteristics. There are also many records about medicine in the unearthed bamboo and silk slips. By studying on them, we can find out some similarities in the historical patterns between traditional Chinese medicine and Miao medicine, which provides certain references in studying on the history of Chinese medicine.