Academic turns city into a social experiment (2004) - <AUTHOR> https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2004/03/academic-turns-city-into-a-social-experiment/ <comment><USER2> The title of this article really doesn't do it justice. (And honestly, the article itself really buries the lede.) Some interesting passages:

      He launched a "Night for Women" and asked the city's men to
      stay home in the evening and care for the children;
      700,000 women went out on the first of three nights that
      Mockus dedicated to them.

      Another Mockus inspiration was to ask people to call his
      office if they found a kind and honest taxi driver; 150
      people called and the mayor organized a meeting with all
      those good taxi drivers, who advised him about how to
      improve the behavior of mean taxi drivers.

      Initially 20 professional mimes shadowed pedestrians who
      didn't follow crossing rules: A pedestrian running across
      the road would be tracked by a mime who mocked his every
      move. Mimes also poked fun at reckless drivers.

It really strikes me how the "academic" in question, Antanas Mockus, was able to inject some whimsy and levity into the dour field of politics / civil service. Other politicians are so obsessed with how they come across that they sand off anything resembling humor.

<comment><USER3> The idea of mocking pedestrians who run across the road reminds me a lot about about the coining of the term "jaywalking", as described by 99 Percent Invisible: [https://99percentinvisible.org/episode/episode-76-the- modern...](https://99percentinvisible.org/episode/episode-76-the-modern- moloch/)

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> >Mockus, the only son of a Lithuanian artist, burst onto the Colombian political scene in 1993 when, faced with a rowdy auditorium of the school of arts' students, he dropped his pants and mooned them to gain quiet.

Wouldn't that be classified as sexual harassment now?

<comment><USER5> Actually recently in the last congress elections he ended doing that again, but not in the university, but in the congress itself in the ceremony to become congresist. He is a really nice guy actually the best rector the University has had. [https://lakalle.bluradio.com/virales/antanas-mockus- muestra-...](https://lakalle.bluradio.com/virales/antanas-mockus-muestra-las- nalgas-en-pleno-congreso-7204-ie790430)

</comment></comment><comment><USER6> Love this. I help organize a group in San Francisco that aims to improve it through technology (code4SF). Considering most people in the organization work/want to work in civic tech, many of our members (and organizers!) are extremely PC and are afraid to take risks that might make them look bad to their peers. I think there is a lot of good that can come out of having fun helping others/your city, but I think most citizens are afraid of the potential ramifications.

</comment><comment><USER7> What I especially like is that he knew that public life should be full of art and personality, not just pasty faced bureaucrats who try to avoid attention.</comment>


Women and the Treatment of Pain - <AUTHOR> http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/opinion/sunday/women-and-the-treatment-of-pain.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 <comment><USER2> One of the things discussed in this article is a fairly common complaint that my wife, a physician, brings home from work.

The lack of diversity and patient panels affects all kinds of drug research - not just pain medicine. And panels are not just unbalanced on the basis of sex - but basically everything. Patient panels are largely made up of white middle-class men. Anything that might vary on sex, ethnicity, economics, or access to care, is largely overlooked by these skewed panels. (Admittedly this is slowly getting better - but standard practice is based on old studies, and skewed panels).

This leads to frustration knowing that things are broken - but having little clue as to what the best practice would be as they don't have enough data....</comment>


OS X: About Mail Update for Mavericks - <AUTHOR> http://support.apple.com/kb/HT6030?viewlocale=en_US&locale=en_US <comment><USER2> Of course if Apple Mail claims compatibility with the worlds biggest email service they should live up to that.

But it amazes, and frankly kind of depresses me, that so many people on HN only see this as an Apple issue, whilst it's quite clear that Google is messing with open standards to make email (and other services) less and less portable and less accessible for third party clients.

As far as I can tell, that is the root of the problem, Google's continued move away from open standards and towards old school vendor lock-in. The old phrase "embrace, extend and extinguish" comes to mind. We should know better.

<comment><USER3> The problem is that IMAP is a crappy protocol. How do you layer tags onto a protocol where that was never envisioned? Where a basic function "move between folders" is an extension and not in the original protocol? IMAP doesn't even guarantee that message IDs are consistent between mailbox listings! (there's a great rant about how terrible both IMAP and all the IMAP servers out there are, can't remember by whom)

I'm just glad Google still support IMAP at all instead of going fully proprietary protocol like they have with calendars, where they gave up on iCal.

<comment><USER4> I was trying to remember the rant you refer to as well. I vaguely recall the core being that Mark Crispin's[1] RFCs were internally inconsistent, such that it was _impossible_ to implement a standards-compliant IMAP server.

Of course, UW-IMAP preceded the RFCs, so there was already a "reference implementation" against which other implementations could be compared and found wanting. Mark was especially obnoxious about protecting his view of IMAP.

This was a weird time at the UofW. We had a hypertext system (UWIN) that was a mess and HTTP was banned as a server technology. Run a webserver for any reason, and disusering was a very real threat. They may have allowed gopher, but it's been a while.

PINE, of course, came out of this, which wasn't too bad, as it inspired a number of decent successors.

Best of all, Ada was the pedagogical programming language for the computer science program. Fortunately, you never used it past the second-semester CS course.

[1] I just found out that he passed away late last year.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> I'm giving Airmail a spin. [https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/airmail/id573171375](https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/airmail/id573171375). It's only been a day, but so far pretty fast and painless for both GMail and a university IMAP account. I've no affiliation with them other than as a (so far) happy customer.

<comment><USER6> Personally I've been trying out AirMail for quite a few versions already, but I always go back to Sparrow. Sparrow seems more mature and faster for daily use.

<comment><USER7> Well, Airmail can only get better. Sparrow hasn't been updated in over a year (and never will be again), and seems to have periodic CPU hog issues for me (with a relatively small mailbox).

<comment><USER6> that's why I always play around with every new version of AirMail

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER8> FYI, this update breaks GPGMail's plugin for Mail.app

[edit: re-installing GPGMail Works For Me]

<comment><USER9> I believe it was already broken as of the 10.9 update, or at least it was for me.

<comment><USER10> Did you get the 10.9 update? The newest version works with Mavericks.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER11> This doesn't fix the only bug I've experienced: The "Store draft messages on the server" Mailbox Behavior option is still not being properly respected or stored. It seems to be permanently on. While you can disable it temporarily, it always reverts back on. It's not a terribly big deal, but it is annoying due to the implementation of Mail's autosave - the trash folder rapidly becomes populated with hundreds of incomplete drafts as Mail.app trashes the previous save and creates a new one.

I've not tested it yet, but I would guess that this could be exceptionally bad with large attachments.

<comment><USER4> _Why_ is that flag not persistent? It drives me crazy, along with the "store junk on server" flag. I'm tempted to write a user launchagent that just keeps setting the flag every minute.

I've filed radars against both of them but of course never hear back, as it's undoubtedly a dup.

</comment></comment><comment><USER12> Why is this notable? Am I missing something?

<comment><USER9> Users of Apple's Mail.app who also used Gmail have basically had non- functioning or semi-functioning email since the Mavericks OS X update. I was one of the affected users and have spent hours dealing with the issue, then eventually just reverted to web mail until they fixed the problems.

<comment><USER2> _Some_ users. I'm using multiple email accounts via Mail.app, amongst them 4 Google accounts, and I've experienced zero issues.

I only know about any issues from reading HN, because absolutely no one I know has had any problems.

<comment><USER9> What's great is that after the update, it's already working better for me. For what it's worth, when I called Apple about it, both support techs I spoke to had experienced the issues as well. It seemed to be correlated with large inboxes and whether "All Mail" was enabled as an IMAP folder in Gmail's settings. It was generally recommended to _not_ be enabled in 10.8 and lower, and is now recommended in 10.9+.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER13> Oh, awesome, it's promising a fix for the inaccurate unread counts I've been having. Looking forwards to updating once I'm done with air travel today.

</comment><comment><USER14> I'm primarily using Postbox with Gmail IMAP ([http://postbox- inc.com](http://postbox-inc.com)) - full featured and a bit nicer than Thunderbird. I loved Sparrow but found it wasn't powerful enough for multiple business accounts. Search could be a bit nicer as I tend to keep a gmail window open as I often need to reference older emails.

</comment><comment><USER15> They still did not fix the delete keyboard key issue with Gmail: Pressing delete sends directly to the trash and skips the archive. There's no key shortcut for archive.

Which is odd, because iOS 7 has Gmail not offering "delete" but "archive" for the inbox.

<comment><USER11> Hunh? I've had an archive option in OS X Mail since (I think) 10.8. Message->Archive. Or Command-control-A. Or there's also a toolbar button to do it (you may need to customize to get it, though, I don't recall if it's there by default).

<comment><USER15> Oh, never really found it there.

That still doesn't solve the fact that pressing delete will send to trash instead of the archive, in the past it just sent to the archive.

<comment> k-mcgrady >> "That still doesn't solve the fact that pressing delete will send to trash instead of the archive, in the past it just sent to the archive."

That doesn't sound like a problem. The delete button deletes and the archive button archives. Why would you want it backwards?

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER16> Incidentally, I've just updated [https://github.com/rcarmo/HJKLPlugin](https://github.com/rcarmo/HJKLPlugin) with the new build UUIDs. You still need to self-sign it, but I'll eventually publish a binary.

</comment><comment><USER17> i can't believe no one has mentioned mailmate[1] yet. it's not quite mutt for osx, but it's pretty damn close. while it's nowhere near as pretty as airmail, it's more performant in my opinion. the newest version has a switch for scripting support.

I'd recommend both though, airmail recently added gmail hotkeys. Although I feel that there are some missing. Like the ability to switch folders with keys

[1] [http://freron.com](http://freron.com)

</comment><comment><USER3> "Mail Update for Mavericks can't be installed on this disk. This volume does not meet the requirements for this update." WTF?

<comment><USER18> There were two GMs. I guess you're running the first one. Update to the second GM (aka the public release, 13A603) and you'll be fine.

<comment><USER19> I have 13A017. That means for some reason, I have a later release? I didn't download any developer seeds.

Also, the Mail update installed file for me.

<comment><USER20> pooriaazimi: _" Update to the second GM (aka the public release, 13A603) and you'll be fine."_

Check those numbers. In my book, 017 < 603 (in both decimal and octal :-))

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER21> And... Mail is still FUBAR. I can't set up any of my accounts with it, it just hangs indefinitely. Hooray... _sigh_

</comment><comment><USER22> oh thank god they also finally fixed the 13inch mb pro retina freezes.

<comment><USER23> upvoted, because until I read your comment I was wondering "WHAT THE GOD DAMN HELL IS GOING ON WITH MY COMPUTER?!"

<comment><USER22> well it was about time

[https://discussions.apple.com/thread/5481839](https://discussions.apple.com/thread/5481839)

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER24> It's about time.

</comment><comment><USER25> Thunderbird.</comment>


Half of us have quit our job because of a bad boss (2015) - <AUTHOR> https://fortune.com/2015/04/02/quit-reasons/ <comment><USER2> Not everyone has the freedom to quit their job, small towns, limited skill sets, transportation issues, family issues, etc. etc. etc, otherwise the number would probably be at 75%.

<comment><USER3> Would likely be 100 if you remove all factors keeping somebody from quitting a job.

<comment><USER4> Only if all bosses are bad :).

<comment><USER5> But what if all employees are humans. And like humans, they are irrational in their criteria of what makes a boss "good". For example, they want bosses that never demand work from them and let them go home early every day. Even if they get this, their standards will adjust and they will take the same level of issue with smaller things. Being a boss and attempting to be liked by your employees is a lost cause and foolish endeavor.

<comment><USER6> But this is not true. If this is true no reputable company would have employees staying >3 years. If you're hired at a reputable company >1 year, chances are you do get offers or you have a greater chance to get it. Good bosses are rare, but they do exist.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> I quit my job because of my manager. There was a policy of instilling fear to gain control. There was also a push to reduce remote work in the company despite the said remote teams performing well.

I quit because the manager was incompetent, but also because the policy was one of instilling fear into employees.

<comment><USER8> How did they instill fear?

<comment><USER7> Salami tactics.

\- Reduce flexibility over time

\- Every expense needs to be justified a hundred times

\- delaying approval of vacation days to the point that you take a vacation, and it is still not approved

\- Adding unnecessary process where none is required

\- Adding compromised people to the team (limited contract, needs the job desperately, needs a raise for kid's education etc)

\- Strict butts-on-seats policy

\- Constantly saying that we are going to remove technology <x>, where <x> is what you are hired for. Company will still need <x> for the foreseeable future.

And there are more, but I don't want to re-live dark moments. I hope no one actually tries to implement this stuff, because it shows that your manager is a control-freak, and you need to run for the hills.

<comment><USER8> You might be interested in reading this:

[https://www.ribbonfarm.com/2011/10/14/the-gervais- principle-...](https://www.ribbonfarm.com/2011/10/14/the-gervais-principle-v- heads-i-win-tails-you-lose/)

<comment><USER7> That is very long, what is the TLDR?

<comment><USER9> The thesis is a company employs Sociopaths, Losers, and Clueless. The Losers accept whatever quid pro quo they get in their current position. The Clueless struggle to distinguish themselves from Losers. The Sociopaths talk to each other in coded language during conversations that the unwitting Clueless believe they're participating in. The shared understanding of the Sociopaths, who have a real ability to navigate the corporate structure, keeps the Clueless from advancing. The Losers are smarter than the Clueless because they perceive the Sociopaths' game is unwinnable and don't play. It's all illustrated with characters from The Office. It's not really instructive, but it's a great read.

<comment><USER10> For example:

Sociopath: Adam Neumann

Clueless: middle management types who fully bought in to WeWork's "vision"

Losers: Everyday employees just trying to make a living and go about their lives. End up just as hosed as the clueless, but at least they're not surprised.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER11> Based only on anecdotal evidence (and yeah the plural of anecdote is not data) I'd sugges that figure wildy, wildly underestimated.

I'm trying to think if I know /anyone/ over 35 who hasn't? Maybe, but I have to think quite hard.

<comment><USER12> It's probably closer to 100%. People quit bosses, not jobs.

<comment><USER13> That's a nice meme from LinkedIn but I'm sure there a few other reasons including a better paycheck, flexibility, or even benefits.

<comment><USER14> > paycheck, flexibility, or even benefits

At many, many companies, your manager directly decides or at least influences all three of these, so if you quit due to them, you're also quitting because of your manager.

<comment><USER15> Few direct managers have the ability to give you a raise that a new employer would, in cases where you're being underpaid relative to the market.

They also rarely have much influence over work flexibility or benefits.

<comment><USER16> > Few direct managers have the ability to give you a raise that a new employer > would

I'm usually very up-front with my reports on this. I make it very clear that I cannot compete with other companies on an immediate short-term compensation bump, so if they prioritize "money now" over everything else, then they should go out and interview.

However in the four years that I was a manager at my previous company, nobody on my team ever took me up on the advice to switch companies to get more money faster.

<comment><USER17> >immediate short-term compensation bump

Did you believe you could deliver better long term compensation? This phrasing suggests that, it's a clever way to suggest something without promising it.

<comment><USER16> > Did you believe you could deliver better long term compensation?

Usually, but not always. Of course it's impossible to predict 4+ years into the future, because so many factors can come into play on that time scale.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER18> Funny how little things change. In their 1999 book "First, Break All the Rules", Gallup laid out their findings from over 1M interviews that:

\- People join companies for the vision, brand, comp etc...but they leave because of their direct manager

\- The direct manager determines how long an employee stays and how productive he/she is during their tenure

The 2 main parts of the book look at:

a) how you attract and retain the most __talented __employees, what things matter to them the most (compensation didn 't make the cut)

b) traits of great managers

Book still holds up, worth a read: [https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/50937.First_Break_All_th...](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/50937.First_Break_All_the_Rules)

</comment><comment><USER19> If you enjoy your work then the next thing that's going to likely drive you from your job is a human factor and which human will you consistently have to interact with, your manager. And so it does in some way stand to reason.

Also as a middle manager I can relate to some of the struggles. You will have potentially competing points of view from what your team would like to do and what the company wants them to do.

But also as an additional point of view. As a manager you may have worked your way up the hierarchy learning your craft and honing your skills. Unfortunately very few of these may actually relate to management but at some point you reach that level of seniority and then the company says "here's a team, I'm sure you'll be fine" and leaves it at that very little training or coaching you just now have to learn on the job. Unfortunately unwinding mistakes at a managerial level is very difficult because it invariably had that human component and sometimes we struggle to forgive and forget.

<comment><USER20> >Unfortunately very few of these may actually relate to management but at some point you reach that level of seniority and then the company says "here's a team, I'm sure you'll be fine" and leaves it at that very little training or coaching you just now have to learn on the job.

Thats my experience.

Being a manager of role x is not the same as being in role x.

Becoming a manager is a career change.

</comment></comment><comment><USER21> Managerial abuse is endemic to industry. It's simply in the businesses medium- term favor to 1) punish employees for exercising freedoms, 2) instill fear, and 3) reify management's power fantasies.

It's like any abusive relationship[1], only compounded by the profit motive.

> It is difficult to get a man to understand something, when his salary > depends on his not understanding it.

― Upton Sinclair

1\. [https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/224552.Why_Does_He_Do_Th...](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/224552.Why_Does_He_Do_That_)

</comment><comment><USER22> Key passage from my last two letters of resignation: "There is exactly one person in the world who is allowed to speak to me in that tone of voice, and I am MARRIED TO THAT PERSON."

</comment><comment><USER23> I remember asking my manager to stop talking over me in a con-call. I was gone within a month

<comment><USER24> Were you fired or did you quit?

<comment><USER23> I had a 1:1 with the manager shortly after that meeting where we discussed me telling the manager to 'shut up'. I quickly made alternate arrangements before I got the boot.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER25> I've quit because my boss didn't have the political clout to protect our team from the expected next wave of corporate mandated layoffs.

</comment><comment><USER26> I wish we talked more about being boiled slowly. I quit on the spot when the boss called a meeting of all 30 employees to replace my code with his, while being connected to a projector. But for months, I've believed my coding skills could help me outdo his favourite two and win some freedom. I'm so thankful for the last incident as the wakeup call. The other board members I never met (yes he was CTO) promised he will be kicked out. They removed my two month notice period (minimum for India).

</comment><comment><USER27> Clearly there are bad bosses. But there are also bad employees and a good boss probably seems like a bad boss to a bad employee.

</comment><comment><USER28> I hadn't ever until recently. Openly hostile and toxic specifically towards me. Not my imagination, co-workers would periodically come up to me and ask me what her problem was with me. There is a company culture that protects bad behavior from the few bad actors. One bad boss was stronger than 40+ great coworkers.

</comment><comment><USER29> The other half doesn't want it to somehow get back to their old manager, that they left to escape them!

</comment><comment><USER30> The definition of a "bad" boss is totally subjective and at the mercy of an individual's motivations at a given point in time.

Some bosses are bad in a sense that they conduct or behave themselves in ways that transgress laws, but they'd be a minority of those deemed "bad".

</comment><comment><USER31> It's probably higher than that...

</comment><comment><USER32> "People leave managers, not companies"

[https://getlighthouse.com/blog/people-leave-managers-not- com...](https://getlighthouse.com/blog/people-leave-managers-not-companies/)

</comment><comment><USER33> That seems surprisingly low.

</comment><comment><USER34> Sure, but it takes two to tango. Humans are great in selective memories, post- facto rationalizing their own failings.

Once you've been a manager you'll understand the other side of this.

<comment><USER35> I think good people try to take responsibility for themselves before blaming others. So, yeah.

But the manager has more power than subordinates, so it's not quite symmetric. -- I don't often hear of managers leaving because of bad subordinates.

</comment></comment><comment><USER36> I've left jobs for two reasons: 1\. I got a much better offer, unsolicited 2\. The company had no future, which maybe is due to management but not a particular manager.

</comment><comment><USER37> Last job was because of low pay and bad leadership. Fortunate I was able to move internally to another group with a pay increase.

</comment><comment><USER16> Can we get a (2015) tag on this?

</comment><comment><USER38> There are tons of horrible managers (and horrible employees) out there, do your best to avoid them.

</comment><comment><USER39> That's cool because it means you can actually do that if your manager is bad. In some countries there are no jobs so all you can do about having a bad manager is... nothing.

<comment><USER40> That is true in the US for a lot of people, and it was especially true during the recession. The fact that we've been in a situation where most skilled workers can easily job hop for that last 5 or so years is an aberration, not the norm! And frankly, we should probably take advantage of the situation while we still can.

<comment><USER41> > The fact that we've been in a situation where most skilled workers can > easily job hop for that last 5 or so years is an aberration, not the norm

Are you talking about workers in general, or software development in particular?

In software development, I don't remember a time in the last three decades where a skilled dev couldn't find other employment with relatively little trouble. Of course, in some periods it was easier than in others.

<comment><USER17> I was a dishwasher/line cook in my 20's, I could hop jobs on a dime. Got fired one Friday, and had a better paying job Monday and that was in 2008. I wasn't even that good.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER42> There are a lot of people over 40 in tech and some of them are ignorant. They try to manage something they don't know or can't fully understand. I think that's one of the reasons.

<comment><USER43> That ageism is unnecessary here. You could equally say there are a lot of people under 40 and a lot of them are ignorant and do not understand business goals.

Experience is a pretty good teacher in a lot of cases and a good manager must handle the balance between their own knowledge limits and learning how to enable their team effectively use their varying skills to deliver results.

<comment><USER44> How is that ageism? the older you are the more experience one would expect you to have. If you are over 40 and you learned nothing then what did you do? Younger people that have no experience... well that's to be expected.</comment></comment></comment>


Ask HN: What are the skill set a DevOps should possess - <AUTHOR>

Hello All, Recently I was going through some job offer and title of the positions "DevOps". It seems more like a backend developer but why people title these positions as "DevOps" not "Backend Developer". Are there specific skill set a "DevOps" should have? If you are working as a DevOps, please share responsibility of the role and if you have idea, please share it. <comment><USER2> Depends on the role.

Some "DevOps" are "SysAdmin with a little development" while others are "Development with a little SysAdmin."

But for either you need to likely be comfortable setting up a WAMP or LAMP environment (and similar popular software, Nginx, IIS, postgresql, Cassandra, memcached, etc). along with decent familiarisation in scripting both (e.g. bash + PowerShell) and a good solid grasp in whatever languages they use (e.g. Java, Python, etc).

Overall most DevOps positions are unpaid for the qualifications they require and expect unreasonable levels of knowledge. There are people who could do DevOps but they have enough experience now so that they'd never take the salaries offered for the majority of DevOps roles (i.e. you rarely see medium- large companies after DevOps, they prefer two specialists and pay each more).

I'd definitely be careful with DevOps, unless it is a sub-10 person business they're likely just trying to cheap out on either development or systems support. In either case it speaks badly of a company.

</comment><comment><USER3> I am a devops engineer and there are lots of things I do at my work.

Manage a Cloud infrastructure from creating, destroying and provisioning instances using tools like Ansible and in the past Puppet and chef.

The environments where I have worked are so large that doing things manually does not scale and you have to automate all these processes. I have to work with developers to help them setup their dev enviroments using Vagrant and have them mirror production.

Also, I have to make sure the code the developers work with is managed and deployed to our instance using automated tools like Jenkins or Travis CI. Help the developers troubleshooting networking, DNS , SSL issues once we detect bugs on production on sandbox and help them get access to logs, automate alerts using New Relic, Elastic Search .

I work with environments where I have to know and understand the whole stack. Hadoop, kafka, Django, Postgres , MySql, Mongodb and be able to pin point where our bottle neck might be when we have production problems. A lot of developers just work on one part of the system so they come to me when they need help understanding the whole stack.

My work involves helping making the developers and the business work with operations and work as a team. hence the term DevOps .

Automate all the things! that's my job

</comment><comment><USER4> DevOps is not a backend developer. When I personally think of DevOps and what we view it as with my team is a person that is not purely a developer or purely traditional IT. Instead it is the person that can bridge those two roles and thinks differently about them both. A Good DevOps person should be able to interact with the dev team at all levels and provide insight to deployment options, strategies and structures, including code level details that might cause issues for deployment. At the same time that person must be well versed in the hardware, networking and automation tasks that will handle the raw deployment.

I can see a job description where many of the traits of a traditional backend developer are listed in the DevOps role, but they are not one in the same. That said, small teams will many times use a backend developer that has solid networking, hardware and automation skills to fill the DevOps role as well as his/her developer duties. We do that because we don't have the revenue yet to afford to separate those two positions.

</comment><comment><USER5> I have worked a lot with DevOps people in general. The best ones had following : \- Amazing shell scripting and linux command weaponry. \- They keep up with the latest tools like docker, new relic or puppet \- They over monitor stuff using tools like ganglia, zabbix, logstash(splunk), datadog, etc. \- They have flexible mindset (to do quick hacks) to buy time for dev team. \- They have flexible time schedule. (act to an alert at 3 AM) \- They consider themselves to be part of Dev team, admin team, DB team and are clear in communicating their ideas.

<comment><AUTHOR> That means a "DevOps" should have all the experience to work in different teams. For example he may start his career as dev then move to some sys admin jobs. Meanwhile after working for couple of years with both Dev and sys admin team he could call himself "DevOps".

</comment></comment><comment><USER6> For me "DevOps" is one who can convert any machine into server.

 _I may be wrong_</comment>


Calendar About Nothing - <AUTHOR> http://www.calendaraboutnothing.com/

<comment><AUTHOR> In honor of Sinatra 1.0 and because I just today first read about Seinfeld's "Don't break the chain" advice.</comment>


Iconary from AI2 – Draw and Guess with AllenAI - <AUTHOR> https://iconary.allenai.org <comment><AUTHOR> Play Iconary with AllenAI, the world's first AI system that can play a Pictionary-style game collaboratively with a human partner.</comment>


State of Kotlin 2018 - <AUTHOR> https://pusher.com/state-of-kotlin <comment><USER2> >>Students dig the play on words. The more experienced developers are, the less they seem to care. Dinosaurs…

Ouch. The article seems to emphasize that younger programmers are adopting Kotlin more than older programmers, but makes no attempt at explaining why. Of course most people who have been programming for quite a while probably went through the phase of trying to learn everything new that came out. Then they realized how much time they wasted as many of those things became obsolete.

IMHO, all it's going to take is some agreement between Oracle and Google for Google to loose all interest in Kotlin. And I'd put it at a very high probability that Google being required to loose interest in Kotlin would be part of that agreement.

</comment><comment><AUTHOR> Interesting to watch Kotlin grow, both as a language and in popularity. Seems like this hypetrain is going towards real wide adoption, especially with JS and Native support</comment>


Ask HN: How do I get Facebook to unblock my website url? - <AUTHOR> Whenever I try to share my URL on a FB post ,I am told that
"my URL goes against our Community Standards on spam" and
FB don't allow people to post certain URLs on Facebook. This includes things like: • Websites with spammy pop-ups • Websites that pretend to be well-known brands • Misleading websites • URLs previously posted by suspicious accounts
I just bought this domain a few months ago and don't know about the previous ownership. Just by looking at the URL pattern they decided it is spam and there is absolutely no way to appeal. <comment><USER2> What is the URL pattern?

<comment><AUTHOR> [https://word1word2kit.in](https://word1word2kit.in)</comment></comment>


How HTTP/2 Pushes the Web - <AUTHOR> https://push.netray.io/ <comment><USER2> If you need push to get a web page displayed fast, the page is probably loading too much crap.

</comment><comment><USER3> I think one of the bigger issues is tooling around creating web applications and related content. For now, webpack and other bundlers do a pretty decent job of grouping bundles together, however the additional costs for handling routing or server-rendering/caching in order to determine which bundles to push is a bit in the dark.

I think we will definitely get there in the near future. I also think that one can definitely get a well-crafted application together by hand, but until the tooling catches up, it will not be widely used.

One thing that could be done is a webserver that tracks which resources are most commonly requested within say 5 seconds of an initial resource, and if >N% of them also request a given resource, it gets pushed by default. That could be a good starting point, but then comes the cost of keeping those relations/counts/tables in memory and not overloaded.

Definitely some opportunities out there.

</comment><comment><USER4> What's the state of discussion of the disadvantages of HTTP/2 now?

A few years ago I heard the argument that it basically benefits Google and other large companies and inconveniences everyone else.

<comment><USER5> (I work with HTTP/2 as part of my job)

Downsides:

* TLS requirements are complicated and hardly anyone knows how it works.

* Several agents partially support it, but the overlapping feature set is useless. An easy example is trailers.

* More complex implementation. You can't look at the bytes without a program to decode the frames.

* Flow control is hard.

Upsides:

* Too numerous to count.

HTTP/2 fixes all the most painful parts of HTTP/1.1, and even provides backwards compatibility for HTTP/1.1 proxies. Aside from bugs (and lack of counterparty support), there is no reason to keep using HTTP/1.1.

<comment><USER6> Can you elaborate more on the TLS complications as it pertains to HTTP/2?

<comment><USER5> HTTP/2 effectively forces TLS 1.2+, due to the limited cipher suites in the RFC, and browsers' restrictions. For the sake of argument, TLS is a requirement. To this end:

* TLS requires ALPN. This would not be so bad, but so many clients don't provide a way to set the ALPN string. Java. In old versions of Java there is no way to do so, except to hack the JDK classpath. (Go users are feeling pretty smug right about about now, but the rest of the world suffers).

* Setting up more advanced TLS is highly undocumented. Anything such as custom host domain validation, or IP SNI, or client side certificates, or encrypted keys results in people getting stuck. There is very little help available (how would you do this in nodejs, or ruby, or python, or C#, or PHP, etc.?)

* Modern ciphersuites are not supported everywhere. For a long time, Java8 had non-hardware acceleration of AES-GCM, at a max speed of about 20MB/s per core. (on Intel, the max speed it closer to 3500MB/s). This makes it prohibitively expensive on languages/libraries that don't support it. (I'm looking at you, Android.)

* How do you test TLS? LetsEncrypt rate limits cert creation. For the purpose of CI, there isn't an easy way to get trust on both sides. Unit test become a pain, so people just don't encrypt.

<comment><USER7> From my POV:

> TLS requires ALPN.

Supported by recent versions of Ruby pretty well, but as you say, older versions, not so well.

> Setting up more advanced TLS is highly undocumented.

It was slightly tricky with Ruby but it provides the appropriate callbacks and the documentation is reasonable: [https://github.com/socketry/falcon/blob/940c25f4d19e9ad900ce...](https://github.com/socketry/falcon/blob/940c25f4d19e9ad900cee4827e771b89c3a3a82c/lib/falcon/hosts.rb#L107-L109)

> How do you test TLS?

I specifically solved this problem by using a self-signed local certificates and certificates store: [https://github.com/socketry/async- rspec/blob/master/lib/asyn...](https://github.com/socketry/async- rspec/blob/master/lib/async/rspec/ssl.rb)

That code makes appropriate contexts available for client and server in unit testing.

Additionally I hacked this together: [https://github.com/socketry/localhost](https://github.com/socketry/localhost)

It generates local self-signed certificates which you can easily use with a web browser. It solves the "localhost development via https" problem.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> PUSH PROMISE is great and all, but the use is limited. If the remote side already has the asset you push (because it's cached), you waste your bandwidth and increase latency.

<comment><USER7> You are right, but it's also more nuanced. The remote end can cancel the push if it already has the resource.

<comment><USER8> It can. But the server will only abort streaming once the cancel message reached it. In the worst case that might have already written the whole stream flow control window (64kb) to the socket. So there is some truth to the comment

<comment><USER9> It's especially bad with mobile phones and limited tariffs. Speed could be high but latency also high, so probably a lot of data would be pushed to the socket before client can respond that he doesn't need it. And mobile internet often has very tight limits. HTTP/2 reuses connection, so its speed will be high and TCP windows will be large. A practical example: my phone has 4G connection with 40 Mb/s download speed and 280 ms latency to Seattle. That's a 1.4 MB of data downloaded for 280 ms. I have larger limit, but a lot of people use cheapest Internet plan wit 3 GB limit, so that's a 0,05% of limit just for one request, it'll sum over days pretty quickly.

<comment><USER8> That's a very good remark! I'm currently in a roaming area with a very tight data limit, so this affects me too.

I think it might be helpful to have a setting that disables server push for those devices. However the problem here is that most users will neither discover nor understand the setting. Maybe if the ISPs would signal the phone firmware something about the data plan, and that one could switch the push setting it could help, but that's unlikely to happen.

Another remedy could be that push implementations on the server only push the headers and don't begin streaming the body, so that the client can check (e.g. through cache and etag comparisons) whether it really wants it. But that's some kind of departure from generic HTTP/2: The client can't really send that it wants the remaining body, since the only signal that it has is the flow control window increment. Clients would need to get modified to send this always when receiving push promises, and servers would need to understand that those should now trigger them to start streaming bodies. If not all do it then it seems like a recipe for stuck requests, and a nightmare for interoperability. So that's also unlikely to happen.</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment>


Autodesk Shifts to Subscription Model - <AUTHOR> http://techcrunch.com/2016/02/11/facing-an-array-of-challenges-autodesk-shifts-to-subscription-pricing/ <comment><USER2> Weirdly, the article refers to the Autodesk platform as "forge.com", which it's not. It seems to be called just "Forge".

Incidentally, the "forge.com" domain appears to just have a squatter/advert type no-site-here thing for a web page.</comment>


Down the Rabbit Hole: The world of estranged parents' forums - <AUTHOR> http://www.issendai.com/psychology/estrangement/themes-not-stalking.html <comment><USER2> Fascinating, and very similar to my own family. This is especially true:

"When faced with evidence of their children's true feelings about unwanted contact, parents minimize ("What have we been doing to him? Nothing but telling him we love him!"), deny ("She's saying that because her abusive husband ordered her to"), demand explanations ("Why should she be afraid of me? I'm a weak little old woman who wouldn't hurt a fly!"), assert that they are still doing the right thing ("How can this estrangement end if we don't talk about it?"), and dismiss their children's emotions. The dismissal is the hardest part to watch. The common attitude is that estranged adult children shouldn't feel the way they do, so their nonconforming emotions can be ignored. Even when estranged parents get direct, unvarnished information about how they affect their children, they refuse to believe anything that goes against their idea of how the relationship should be."

</comment><comment><USER3> _" The gut-churning terror people feel at being stalked by their parents is no different than how they feel at being stalked by an ex."_

If this is you?, it's time to read: _" Dangerous Personalities"_, Joe Navarro ~ [http://www.jnforensics.com/#!books/cnec](http://www.jnforensics.com/#!books/cnec) to evaluate the risk(s) you face.</comment>


Ask HN: Employer will not allow remote work, what options do I have? - <AUTHOR> I am a software engineer in Texas in the house-building industry.
My employer is considered to be in a critical/essential industry and is allowed normal operations during the shelter-in-place order.
We (the software engineering team) have full technical capability of working remotely.
However, our CEO has a deep distrust of employees working remotely and will not allow us to do so for free.
We have only 10 remote work days allowed per year, to work remotely at this time, we must use up those days. Since this global corona virus situation is going to last more than 10 business days, I'm between a rock and a hard place.
Even though the recommendation from the government is that everyone who can work remotely should do so, my employer won't permit it in the strictest sense.
What are my options? Is it time to start looking for a new job? <comment><USER2> You should probably just look for a different job anyway... WFH or remote should be no different than working in an office if your company is focused on the right stuff.

</comment><comment><USER3> You said it yourself "critical/essential" business.

If you believe you may be an asymptomatic carrier of COVID-19 it would be immoral to infect your co-workers. Especially if they are unable or unprepared to work from home themselves. I would say that based on what we know you have 14-21 days of WFH that are possible based on the facts of the incubation time.

<comment><AUTHOR> I said in the post that there are a grand total of 10 remote work days for the entire year regardless of purpose.

I guess what I am getting at is that if infected, at a certain point I could run out of remote days and sick days and be left with the choice to choose between coming into the office when I am sick or getting fired.

The question becomes at what point does the CEO failing to learn from his mistake become a greater moral hazard than me coming into work while sick?

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> I wouldn't even think twice about it. Why should you show loyalty to someone that shows no loyalty to you.

<comment><AUTHOR> This echos my feelings exactly.

</comment></comment><comment><USER5> If available, you could try to bump into your CEO and have a coughing fit. :-0

</comment><comment><USER6> Work from home and insure that you have actionable commits near the beginning and end of the day. Do not take "optional" remote days.

<comment><AUTHOR> Working from home without taking a remote work day is considered absence or a sick day. I don't have any means to disguise the fact the I am working remotely.

<comment><USER6> It sounds as if you're more inclined to bend to your employer's will than to bend them toward yours. Good luck in your search.</comment></comment></comment>


Ask HN: Which static compiled language do you use for web backend? - <AUTHOR> There are many mainstream dynamic language for web backend development, but so pity not many mainstream static compiled language for backend, but for medium to large projects, the static compiled language can give big benefits.
As i know, the mainstream for web backend just goes: C++ Java C# Go Rust (V D Nim Crystal OCaml Sml Haskell Idris maybe too good to be mainstream), with Java/Go as the king.
Maybe i am wrong, can you say what are you using or what you used in the past few years? <comment><USER2> I and companies I work with use a lot of Haskell on a backend. With Servant library one can build build type-safe REST APIs and generate types for different frontends. Take a look at [https://haskellcosm.com](https://haskellcosm.com) I list there many companies that use it as backend and it's not a single case.

</comment><comment><USER3> I spent around 15 years building web backends in PHP (from your grandma's herbal cosmetics to a 50 million exit)

All my backends are currently written in haskell, usually with elm on the frontend.

This is largely due to my subjective but, negative experience with dynamic and/or object-oriented languages, and the discovery of abstract data types and their direct connections to logic (i.e. a product type is a logical AND, a sum type is logical OR and a function type is just a logical implication etc.)

I'm still keeping rust in my back-pocket though, for those times when I exhaust the latency guarantees of haskell; but compared to php/python/ruby, haskell is a walkover win.

This does require you to have a decent onboarding plan, but with Elm as the first step it's trivial to get people hooked on haskell, since its type classes provide an extreme improvement over what Elm provides. And you essentially get the motivation for the fundamental type classes (functor, applicative, monad) for free, since people have been using all the abstractions discretely in Elm, and suddenly get them all connected in a neat package in haskell.</comment>


Slate: Why You've Stopped Watching CNBC - <AUTHOR> http://www.slate.com/id/2224257

<comment><USER2> I click off CNBC when they "interview" corporate executives, who then proceed to flak their own companies with virtually no attention to the questions being asked. Advertising-as-news is worth my time?

I get annoyed at CNBC when they report government statistics as if they were quoting scripture. They ignore the constant upward revisions in last week's unemployment data, which happens every week and makes this week's losses look less bad. And why they don't report reconstructed M3 as many web sites have done lately (hint: it's plunging). While it may sound arcane it's a lot more important than hearing the prewritten patter of the CEO of Amalgamated Cowbells.

Several months ago there were guests on CNBC laughing at Peter Schiff for suggesting an imminent mortgage meltdown. This was soon followed by the mortgage meltdown. I often wonder why CNBC doesn't show that clip (available on YouTube) to those same laughing guests and give them the opportunity to explain what was so funny. (Are Schiff's current predictions worthwhile? I don't know, but I'm not laughing. Nor am I laughing at Abby Cohen's rosy scenarios. Predicting markets is hard. Shooting the messenger is stupid.)

There's a show on CNBC at 5pm Eastern called _Fast Money_ which, 6-12 months ago, was a real hoot. It was sort of a McLaughlin Group for the stock market, with a host and rotating panel of guests each of whom was some sort of money manager or pro trader, with no allegiance to anything except profit. The top two (IMO) were host Dylan Ratigan and panelist Jeff Macke, both of whom were evicted when their contracts were up. Evidently the CNBC execs prefer serving financial pabulum instead of hard reporting replete with finger shaking. One wonders if this is entirely voluntary.

Yes, you can have political differences (e.g., Liesman vs. Santelli). Every viewer is used to (occasionally heated) political argument. But when it comes to the financial equivalent of Woodward and Bernstein, CNBC has taken a pass ... and the audience appears to have noticed.</comment>


Distribution of scientific results should be in the hands of the scientist - <AUTHOR> https://experiment.com/public/WFHXKQ <comment><USER2> We have systems like the ones that the author desires (LabGuru, other electronic lab notebooks).

However, I don't think the author's premise is well founded. Every scientist dreams of publishing a beautiful, fully formed scientific discovery that emerges like Athena, immediately rocking their field and changing the destiny of mankind.

Most science is nothing like that. Most scientific results are comprised of unclear results in a specific model system that may have only speculative relevance to the real world (or to problems that people care about). Presentation, and public consideration and public discussion helps to refine models and cross-pollinate ideas that can lead to major discoveries. Little is gained by keeping data absolutely secret until a scientist is ready to publish.

<comment><USER3> Is that what typically motivates a scientist today? Is there any room these days for the Darwin-style scientist: someone who just has curiosity, lots of patience and care for recording things, and lots of stamina to keep thinking and testing? That's the kind of scientist I'd want to be. That is, I'm pretty sure Darwin wasn't motivated to become famous. He was just Darwin.

<comment><USER4> Darwin was independently wealthy and had no need to work, like many of the 19th century luminaries of science.

No one will pay you to take your sweet time for several decades and publish if and when you are ready to revolutionize a field. You have to get enough done on a short timescale (a few years for a project that produces a handful of papers is fine) for funded work. Most of us also do have our unfunded pet projects that simmer on the back burner for longer, but these don't get anything like full time effort.

And this is mostly as it should be. You write software with short functions and tests, commit by commit, and release and revise episodically. Releasing one enormous, monolithic product after working in secret for 20 years produces science as awful as it does software, for the same reasons.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> What an annoying piece of cock rot.

The author attempts to establish a false dichotomy between Scientists (author's capitalization) telling the Truth (implied capitalization) in their own precious snowflake time, versus the Truth (implied capitalization) never ever ever ever coming to light.

No argument is advanced to support the idea that scientists possessing snowflake secrecy increases epistemological veracity. In addition the narrative reeks of the worst form of fetishism of the scientific milieux.

The worst Hacker News link in years? It certainly pushed my buttons. Standards people!

<comment><USER6> If you replace scientists with coders then what you're saying is that programmers should allow people to see your code at __any __time, instead of allowing them to release the code when they see fit.

Since she states:

The first step is we need to upload all existing scientific research content and make that digital content accessible to anyone anywhere with the internet. Google is doing that. I admire sci-hub's efforts in this space. Sci-hub's team has done what I am too afraid to do myself.

The second step is we need to record all new information generated by today's scientists digitally.

<comment><USER7> Except code and science are completely different and in the context of the reasons why you'd want to force publishing, there's almost no link.

Coders aren't trying to prove truths about the world (generally), there is no logical relation between you not open sourcing your half finished MySpace clone and people sitting on negative results paid for with public funds.

It's such an obvious false equivalency that it's hard to even explain. It's like we're having a conversation about design of space suits for astronauts and you interject that it would be unfair to expect coders to wear space suits.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER8> I think some scientists at NCSA were working on a publication mechanism back in 1993... NCSA mosaic, as I recall.

<comment><USER9> And now almost everything _except_ scientific publishing has embraced the web!

</comment></comment><comment><USER10> Seems like the perfect recipe for publication bias. Give scientists the freedom to decide when they publish, so if they don't like the result they can just publish "never".

In other words: If you want unreproducible crap science to continue just go ahead.

</comment><comment><USER11> No, it shouldn't. Instead we need a set of big simple to use open databases. you do not have to publish it immediately, but when it is done. And at least register a trial even if no paper is published.

Otherwise as practice shows scientists do not publish their raw data at all. Or worse, it ends up behind paywalls.

By the way author says the same as far as I can read and the title is wrong.

</comment><comment><USER12> Unfortunately, somebody else is paying for the science. And the person paying the bill makes all of these types of decisions.

</comment><comment><USER13> just like this link which is unreadable (on text webbrowser) you mean that knowledge should be for some people, not for all.</comment>


How to repair the parts that explode in Lenovo yoga laptops - <AUTHOR> https://adammunich.com/how-to-repair-the-parts-that-explode-in-lenovo-yoga-laptops/ <comment><USER2> > _It is very likely that the reason the transistor failed was because of poor > cooling, as it is a low cost, high-resistance transistor that is running > near its design limits._

This wouldn't be my first guess based on that hole, which was formed more abruptly than a little overheating. Cooling the outside of the package is only going to buy a little more margin, not fix the root problem.

Looking at that schematic snippet, what is up with the capacitance on that gate drive circuit? They want a slower turn on to avoid a popping sound? Maybe it's a reference circuit that worked fine with a larger package or something, and a UF6 doesn't have enough thermal mass? If the turn on/off time is the problem, removing one of C489 or C530 could stop it from happening again.

Or it could be something downstream drawing too much power on that rail or shorting it out. Since you're replacing the part, you might as well just use a FET with a lower resistance and some hope to address this possibility.

FWIW some thinner flux (like a Kester 951) will generally let you fix solder bridges without starting all over.

<comment><USER3> I've commented elsewhere on the thread, but, this also has the potential to be destroyed by software. That AUDIO_PWR_EN appears to be a signal that can be controlled by software. If you switch it fast enough such that the MOSFET is kept mostly in the linear region (due to the RC on the gate), you can kill the MOSFET very quickly.

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> Insufficient cooling has given me issue with certain Lenovo thinkpads over the years. Most recently it was throttling on a X220, fixed by swapping to a redesigned fan/heatsink.

The first time for me was with their T43. This model was mostly a platform refresh of the T42. There's a chip called a southbridge that's located below the palmrest. Between the models this chip went from 400mhz to 533mhz. Lenovo decided it wasn't important to improve the cooling, no heatsink whatsoever included on the southbridge. However, they kept ample temp sensors in the case so the fans would pulse nonstop as it failed to cool this one chip.

I had two nicknames for that laptop. The 'nut roaster' and the 'vacuum cleaner'. I eventually fixed the problem by hammering out an old copper penny and sticking with thermal compound to bridge the gap between the heatsink and chip. It wasn't perfect but it dropped the temps like 10C. The rest could be controlled with an installed fan daemon.

<comment><USER5> I have similar problem with T420s from 2012 - great laptop, but there's a lot of coil whine and horrible fan with very small heatsink. It's a model without dedicated GPU, but i5 alone is enough to push the fan to constant medium-high speed and it's still 70-80°C running Windows 10 with Chrome. Repasting or cleaning the heatsink does not seem to help.

<comment><USER6> I have a T420s but with an optimus configuration. The dedicated GPU is pretty much useless because of thermal throttling and yes, even the i5 alone is often enough to go into throttling territory. This is after repasting and thorough cleaning of the fan assembly. And if you want to access the fan assembly then prepare taking apart the whole laptop.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> > It is very likely that the reason the transistor failed was because of poor > cooling, as it is a low cost, high-resistance transistor that is running > near its design limits. To prevent the problem from re-occuring, a soft / > deformable silicone heat transfer pad can be applied to sink excess heat to > the aluminum shell of the computer. In the 1990s, this was a very popular > way to keep the motor controllers in CD-ROM drives cool without any > additional hardware.

So it seems like the problem is a cooling issue, which doesn't surprise me. "Ultrabooks" often seem to sacrifice decent cooling for the sake of thickness, and I think it is because most people really do not tax their hardware all that much. If you do - and you do not have a proper workstation-class laptop - you're likely to run into similar issues.

My Thinkpad X280 suffers from poor cooling that quickly leads to throttling, even undervolted. My old work A485 wasn't that great, either.

<comment><USER8> No, cooling is _not_ the issue,. This is not a power transistor, its not meant to pump a lot of amps. Whats more once its turned ON its internal resistance is insignificant (225mΩ).

What can be happening here:

\- badly designed output Audio section shorting power in some rare circumstances, might be as weird as mechanically stressed audio jack touching traces underneath it.

\- software glitch around audio power enable routine enabling/driving that transistor hundred/thousand of times per second (pwm) in some circumstances, _keeping it in the linear region_

\- badly designed under powered mosfet driver, either voltage too low or not enough current _keeping it in the linear region_

You do not cool power rail switches like this one, they arent meant to dissipate any meaningful power when designet properly.

<comment><USER7> So the author is wrong in his conclusion? I am happy to know the correct answer.

<comment><USER9> The author's solution may still help somewhat, but yes, they are almost certainly wrong. This transistor really just isn't being driven properly, because it really shouldn't generate heat in this application.

It could a whole slew of problems and it's impossible to tell without measuring. But, I would guess that gate voltage is not far enough above the threshold to drop the Rds(on) to it's low loss on-state.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER10> Something strikes me in the middle of the article. If you have metcal station (expensive pro stuff), clearly you have to have some experience with SMDs... This transistor is replaced with preheater and a hot air gun in seconds, and it is not the smallest package out there.

<comment><AUTHOR> It's risky to use hot air spot-heating a high density multi layer PCB, as these boards aren't really designed for differential heating and can delaminate easily.

You really should heat the whole board uniformly to be safe, but that is a danger to do when you aren't sure of the melting temperature of the solders used.

<comment><USER10> You set preheater to 120c and hot air with smallest nozzle to 240c, works 100% like a charm

<comment><USER11> Do you still need to apply flux before desoldering?

<comment><USER10> You need it while desoldering, while cleaning nopb solder (yes, you have to clean, or joint will crack later), and while soldering in the replacement. Flux is cheap, better use it all the time.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER12> Safe to say this is way out of technical capabilities of the average (power) user; but kudos for documenting the process nevertheless! Maybe someone in a local hackerspace would help out...

<comment><AUTHOR> Sudo room in Oakland California!

</comment></comment><comment><USER13> It's a typical thing in industrial design to conduct the heat to metal enclosure. I did this for transistors in a stepper motor driver and for FPGA designs. The cost of conductive sheet is close to zero compared to possible problems. Lenovo saved this 0,2 cent drop of thermal paste. Maybe it's worth producing thousands of consumer devices, though I would like to buy properly designed products.

Edit: thank you for explanation. This was not thermal problem then. I am just curious why didn't all laptops had this problem?

<comment><USER3> That circuit appears to assume that AUDIO_PWR_EN signal will switch very infrequently.

If AUDIO_PWR_EN is a pin that is controlled by software, and, if you keep switching that pin such that the MOSFET is kept in the linear region due to the RC on the gate, that MOSFET will be toast very quickly.

<comment><USER14> This is intended to be a power saving feature; if enabled, audio detection will be driving the enable pin with a few seconds of hysteresis: [http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/How_to_enable_audio_codec_powe...](http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/How_to_enable_audio_codec_power_saving)

<comment><USER15> Now the problem is, why would a MOSFET be destroyed even if there is a few seconds of hysteresis?! Well, defective driver is a still possibility, but perhaps it's a hardware problem.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER16> The damage of this mid-power MOSFET surprises me. Audio circuit is probably consumes just a few tens or hundreds milliamps at most.

Yet it has a drastic crater-like dent in the IC enclosure. That tells me it was a voltage surge or current spike.

The hypothesis of entering a linear region caused by a random software glitch producing an unconscious PWM on a filter slope sounds plausible as well. But that crater-like dent says that the real cause might be way more intensive than that.

</comment><comment><USER17> Lenovos quality crap. We have around 10 Yoga 720s in our workplace, around 7 have their touchscreen/touchpad failed within a year. I'm out of options on what to buy if I don't want Apple.

<comment><USER18> Another recommendation: I've been happy so far with my newish LG Gram. There are some Linux-related issues on some models, but we've found workarounds for it and compatibility is pretty solid now.

<comment><USER19> I've been looking at the Gram, the 17 looks like a pretty nice machine for a decent price, and going on sale regularly now with the newer i7s out. Worried about the quality though, and that it'll have similar problems to what the Lenovos and other ultralights seem to have.

<comment><USER18> I use mine primarily for software development and systems administration, and I'm not super picky about things like graphics and audio, so as far as those things go, I can't say much that would be helpful. Nor have I been running it long enough to expose the kind of defects that started this whole thread.

Overall though, the laptop feels well built. I like the key action (but personal preference). The hinge seems to be well made. Nothing flexes when opening or closing it. The screen, to my eyes, is fantastic, and with the Celicious anti-glare film on it, it works well in daylight.

It's wicked light. I don't love ultralight laptops and originally was trying to avoid them, but this one has almost all the ports I want (except for a mmc instead of sd card slot) and appears to be more serviceable than most modern non-ultralight laptops. One of the things I looked for was a user-replaceable battery, and surprisingly, this one should be. We'll see how much it actually sucks to replace in a couple of years.

If you try to run any Linux on the Gram 17, you _will_ need the info at [https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=203617](https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=203617)

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER20> >'If you are not careful you can rip the metal off the circuit board, and if that happens, there is very little you will be able to do to fix that.'

I've done that before, managed to fix it with silver based conductive paint.

<comment><USER21> One can also scrape the soldermask off of the nearest segment of the trace that got broken and jumper to it. It's easy to pull up traces on accident but it's uncommon for that trace adhesion failure to cause the nearest IC pin or via to fail as well.

<comment><AUTHOR> Much harder to do with buried vias :-)

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER22> Overheating (and the subsequent throttling) seems to be a growing problem for Intel. Also, most of their mobile line is locked to the UHD 620 GPU.

As I understand it they are working off of an older fab than AMD and are hitting its EOL, all while commanding a price premium. AMD has room to expand their lead and appears to be beginning to, despite being a 10x smaller company.

</comment><comment><USER23> Yikes! Placing alcohol and tools on the battery like that makes me nervous!

</comment><comment><USER24> Hug of death?

<comment><AUTHOR> Curious to know where in the world you are, the server is working well for me on the west coast.

<comment><USER25> Timing out for me in Denmark

<comment><AUTHOR> I just rebooted it again, working now, clearly we have a bug.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER26> Hug of death?

<comment><AUTHOR> Hmm, I just rebooted the webserver and it seems fine now.

</comment></comment><comment><USER27> Refer to google

</comment><comment><USER28> Now imagine these were Apple laptops that had their power circuitry randomly explode.

The amount of angry tweetstorms, memes and class action lawsuits would break the internet.

<comment><USER10> Well, they do. Usually you go to the genius bar and get the whole board replaced for $800+</comment></comment>


Practical Python for Astronomers - <AUTHOR> https://python4astronomers.github.io/index.html

<comment><USER2> Nothing really productive to say to anyone except professional astronomers in the room:

This is a similar tutorial we went through at ESA: [http://python4esac.github.io/index.html](http://python4esac.github.io/index.html)

This is a more advanced machine learning focused module, go through the "book figures" and example code is given. I also have a collection of slides on the module if anyone is interested: [http://www.astroml.org](http://www.astroml.org)

This is a padova isochrone query tool for python: [https://github.com/jonathansick/padova](https://github.com/jonathansick/padova)

MCMC library, arguably better than pymc, written by astronomers: [https://github.com/dfm/emcee](https://github.com/dfm/emcee)

Lifesaver on how to make fancy plots: [http://matplotlib.org/gallery.html](http://matplotlib.org/gallery.html)

Not python specific, tools of the trade: [http://aladin.u-strasbg.fr](http://aladin.u-strasbg.fr) (star chart with survey data overlays), [http://www.star.bris.ac.uk/~mbt/topcat/](http://www.star.bris.ac.uk/~mbt/topcat/) (table manipulation and quick visualization for CSV, FITS, VOTable, IPAC, etc.), [http://ds9.si.edu/site/Home.html](http://ds9.si.edu/site/Home.html) (CCD image visualization), [http://iraf.noao.edu](http://iraf.noao.edu) (a house of cards build by grad students for grad students where no one really knows how it works but everyone seems to know about)

Please cite these resources if you use them.

Finally, a fun link for grad students: [http://astrobites.com](http://astrobites.com)

</comment><comment><USER3> How about the inverse? Practical astronomy tools for python-developers? Just getting into astronomy I'd love some tips on where to look for stuff like this.

<comment><USER4> What type of things are you interested in doing? There's a pretty wide range of things in astronomy that lend themselves to the use of python (simulation analysis, data calibration, data display, etc.). The astropy[0] effort is creating a general-purpose package to aid in many areas. There are codes to compute how radiation transfers through gas (e.g., powderday[1]), fitting codes to observations of interstellar gas tracers (e.g., pyradexnest[2]), and so on. Many are fairly specialized (the last two, for example) and perhaps not as useful to a casual/amateur astronomer, but things like astropy would be useful for calibrating images from CCD cameras, or computing when things are visible in the sky.

If you reply with more specifics of what you're after, I can try to provide more relevant examples.

[0] [http://www.astropy.org/](http://www.astropy.org/)

[1] [http://powderday.readthedocs.org/en/latest/](http://powderday.readthedocs.org/en/latest/)

[2] [https://github.com/jrka/pyradexnest](https://github.com/jrka/pyradexnest)

<comment><USER3> Quick Reply: I'm currently studying orbital-mechanics. Starting with something like Celestial Objects then downsizing to small-bodies later on. This has me reading up on Newtonian physics. With a solid understanding there, I'll move onto General Relativity.

My current open question (that may have been answered by this thread) was where can I obtain star-charts? How do I interact with them. Etc.

<comment> stargazer-3 I follow privong's suggestion for stellarium for celestial body visualization.

However, if you want precision data as an input to your code, I would make use of NASA JPL's ephemerides system [0]. It is precise and reliable. Another, more pythonic option is pyephem [1], which allows you to "calculate positions of stars and planets" at any given time.

Both options can be easily incorporated with astropy and APLpy, suggested by privong, for calculations and plotting.

[0] [http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?ephemerides](http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?ephemerides)

[1] [https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyephem/](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyephem/)

<comment><USER3> Thanks, I'll look into this too!

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> Normally I would rail against "import *" in the code, but under the circumstances ...

</comment><comment><USER6> Is this an event/meeting coming up? Or is it supposed to be all online. Can't really seem to get much information on "Practical Python for Astronomers" from the site. It may just be me missing something...

<comment><USER7> the first few links are just mostly references, you need to look a bit deeper. Like: [https://python4astronomers.github.io/astropy/fits.html](https://python4astronomers.github.io/astropy/fits.html)

<comment><USER8> No, they need to make it a bit clearer. On the surface, it looks like yet another "webinar"\- or MOOC-like scheme to impose a realtime schedule on a presentation that has no inherent realtime requirement. (Yes, this is a pet peeve of mine.)

It's even worse when the "Location and time" columns are all "TBD."

<comment><USER9> On the front page, it says "The content presented here is suitable for self- study by those wishing to learn Python for astronomy or other scientific research applications."

Right below that, it says "The workshop material here was presented in the Spring of 2011 at the Harvard / Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. A range of about 25 to 50 people participated in the different workshops, which were 1.5 hours in duration. Based on our experience a 2 hour slot would have been more reasonable to allow time for the exercises and discussion."

It sounds like this was a series of workshops that were presented, and the material collected and released as reference for anybody else who wants to take initiative in their own communities.

This brings up a good question, though. What are the reasonable expectations for people who make their reference materials online after they're done with the initial conference talk or workshop, and have moved on to something else?

<comment><USER10> A thank you for putting up the materials at all when they had no obligation to.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER11> For easy python access to the VSOP87 (and ELP 2000) theory, that is, planetary/moon calculations, i've been impressed with the clean (ANSI C) implementation of this "kepler" library with nice python hooks: [http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/kepler](http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/kepler)

</comment><comment><USER12> Working for an astronomy company while in grad school was the first place I got to play with Fortran. It seems like Python is becoming the common language for researchers in a variety of fields -- ML, etc.

I still have the Fortran Coloring Book around somewhere.

<comment> stargazer-3 According to a recent study on the current usage of programming languages in astronomy -[http://arxiv.org/abs/1507.03989](http://arxiv.org/abs/1507.03989) \- Fortran, quite popular in the old days, is still used by a quarter of scientists in the field. Python has been growing very fast in the last five years, eating away at the IDL share of astronomers.</comment></comment>


A new book argues that violence laid the foundation for virtue - <AUTHOR> https://www.newyorker.com/books/under-review/did-capital-punishment-create-morality <comment><USER2> As I grow older I found myself questioning more and more the absolute position against any form of physical violence in modern society. Before you get angry I really do mean questioning as in I don't know, not that I have a pro stance on violence.

There are obvious and known problems with violence. But do we know that there are no problems with the complete lack of violence as a way to impose rule/discipline or to settle disputes? And what if (as with many other things) the mode in which you apply violence is more important that the presence of lack of it? And what I mean by that, when I was a child it was normal for parents to slap children - a type of violence that does not harm but was quite effective in settling some situations.

Maybe I could explain this better but I want to keep it short. And in general it seems to me society is changing so fast that I ask myself if in some cases we go against known negatives without really knowing the alternative negatives. Even asking questions about some of those issues it not really socially acceptable any more.

<comment><USER3> Do we not have ample research by now as to the inefficacy and harms of corporal punishment? What serious evidence is there on the other side?

It also strikes me as something of a bad joke to suggest that we might have become uncritically prejudiced against violence given America's domestic gun violence and foreign policy. Tolerance of violence is alive and well as far as I can tell.

<comment><USER4> > What serious evidence is there on the other side?

I suspect that the sorry state of our schools are at least partly because it is no longer possible to take a kid into the principal's office and paddle them. There's no way to discipline a kid in a way that a kid who doesn't care about school will still want to avoid.

Note well my choice of the word "suspect". I do not know of any solid evidence one way or the other.

<comment><USER5> > I suspect that the sorry state of our schools are at least partly because it > is no longer possible to take a kid into the principal's office and paddle > them.

Really ?

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporal_punishment_of_minors_...](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporal_punishment_of_minors_in_the_United_States#/media/File:Corporal_punishment_in_the_United_States.svg)

<comment><USER4> That surprises me. I had presumed that it was illegal everywhere.

I presume that it is still very rare, even where legal, for fear of lawsuits.

<comment><USER5> [https://ocrdata.ed.gov/StateNationalEstimations/Estimations_...](https://ocrdata.ed.gov/StateNationalEstimations/Estimations_2013_14) > Discipline, Harassment or Bullying, and Restraint and Seclusion > Corporal punishment (It's a spreadsheet file).

That's 106,000 student receiving corporal punishment that year. Is that considered very rare ?

Also, keep in mind it's still allowed in private schools from 48 states.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER6> This sounds a lot like Nietzsche's Beyond Good & Evil. The entire book is arguably about this very thing, the genesis of, and inextricable link between Good, Bad, and Evil. And you don't need to look any further than the preface to find this thesis laid bare:

 _It could even be possible that whatever gives value to those good and honorable things has an incriminating link, bond, or tie to the very things that look like their evil opposites_ [0]

[0] [https://www.holybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/Nietzsche- Beyon...](https://www.holybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/Nietzsche-Beyond-Good- and-Evil.pdf)

<comment><USER7> There're definite similarities and heavy amounts of overlap with Nietzche's dueling dualities (heh) of Good/Bad (Master Morality) and Good/Evil (Slave Morality), but this is at a much more primitive level – primates and pre- language humans, while N spent significant time on the Classical eras.

I was surprised to see neither Nietzsche nor, especially, Foucault name- checked in this article as the latter has written about similar ideas on the significance of capital punishment in _Discipline and Punish_.

</comment></comment><comment><USER8> I find the theory compelling but I also think the way is expressed strange. Maybe I'm missing something.

More than a "violence and virtue" history, it seems to me that the main point is cooperation brings a positive feedback of more cooperation.

In my view, the killing of the "alpha males" is actually the killing of the people unable to cooperate. The moment organized collaboration is possible, the individuals that can cooperate will be stronger than the individual that is unable to cooperate.

Not sure why this is not the stressed point in the explanation. Maybe it doesn't make good titles.

<comment><USER9> >I find the theory compelling but I also think the way is expressed strange. Maybe I'm missing something.

There's an odd usage of alpha male. An alpha male is the one in charge and with high status not the guy with a propensity towards reactive violence. I hate the phrase, but "toxic masculinity" is a better way of phrasing what he describes. You can see how it's useful for the Alpha male(s) and a group at large. They can send them to war against neighbors and reap the spoils. It's also convenient that their aggression drops off a cliff as they get older. This ensures enough old men to control the younger ones and direct their violence towards appropriate targets.

>In my view, the killing of the "alpha males" is actually the killing of the people unable to cooperate. The moment organized collaboration is possible, the individuals that can cooperate will be stronger than the individual that is unable to cooperate.

I'm not so sure about this. Basically every human group throughout history has one single person in charge. Whether that be the Holy Roman Empire, a ship at sea, a hunter-gather tribe, or a old ladies knitting group. The trait selected for is the ability to seize power when you can, cooperate when you can't, and the wisdom to know if you can.

<comment><USER8> "There's an odd usage of alpha male"

I think you are right. How can be a male be the alpha without the group collaboration? By definition, the alpha is the one in the top of the hierarchy in a given moment.

"I'm not so sure about this.[..]"

I think we basically agree, the ability to seize power is impossible without cooperation with others.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER10> "Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human" is a great book and I highly recommend it to anyone interested in human evolution or general diet. This article however, is sophomoric.

Anyone interested in the origins of human society and violence should also read "The World Until Yesterday" by Jared Diamond, "The Origin of Consciousness and the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind", "Man's Search for Meaning" by Viktor Frankl, "Tribe" by Sebastian by Junger and " Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland".

One problem with TFA, male Bonobos exist and do not act like male Chimps. Why? Furthermore, human females are not that different from human males. How might this change the pretext of the article? Human males and females are more alike than different, _except on the fringes_ where a tiny percentage of males are much more violent (think of the most violent criminals). Do male humans tolerate the most violent males? Also, do "alpha" males chimps, stay alpha for very long if they wield too much violence? Must alpha male chimps maintain the support of the females? Do some research. See for yourself.

Also, what is the meaning of alpha in this article? The "arch-reactive aggressor"? In humans? So are alphas the most violent or the most respected? Could the alpha not be the most violent but instead have the respect of the most violent? How might that happen? Executioners? Try again.

To add personal anecdote: Most of us live in such relatively peaceful environments that we've completely lost touch with how the power dynamics of physical violence work in humans. We have mostly a school-yard version of reality. A society where "words" are violence further obscures the mechanics of physical violence.

Truly dealing in violence, absent of any law or government, is like eating from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. Once you taste it your eyes are opened to a whole world right within ours which no one understands. We in the west live in a total bubble, so much so that we don't understand simple danger. The typical "active shooter" drill is basic evidence of this fact. It's a ridiculous and dangerous model in the face of true unencumbered violence. It is designed to keep schools from getting sued, not keeping children alive. You didn't know that because you've never had to kick in a door and kill as many people as possible (sickening I know).

Furthermore, once you understand violence truly, living in modern western society is like being an extraterrestrial in human skin. It is completely bizarre. This article is candy for those in the bubble.

<comment><USER11> > "The Origin of Consciousness and the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind"

This is known to be bogus by most experts, though:

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicameralism_(psychology)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicameralism_\(psychology\))

> Jaynes's hypothesis remains controversial. The primary scientific criticism > has been that the conclusions drawn by Jaynes had no basis in > neuropsychiatric fact.[14]

<comment><USER10> You are correct. It is, however, a fascinating journey through consciousness.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER12> "Virtue" itself seems to largely be a tautology backed by the status quo and inertia as opposed to outcomes or impact on how others are treated.

The gladiatorial colloseiums, hunting hellots as a rite of passage, and human sacrifice and flower wars were all "to promote virtue". All it needs to do is be sustainable and self-perpetuate - not be optimal or righteous in any way.

</comment><comment><USER13> While I understand that some people have done a lot of good work here, my problem with this work and the author's previous one, is his use of myth making. The story told about mass execution is just that, a story. This is how the author imagines selection operating, but it seems a pure work of fiction. Just by way of argument, no such cull is imagined for bonobos - is it possible in their long evolutionary history humans experienced similar forces? At least as possible as a mass execution of aggressive males.

</comment><comment><USER14> Doesn't violence emerge naturally as soon as the concept arise of property ownership, protecting the safety of oneself (or one's family or one's community), and trade of any sort?

Because all of those beget law or government and those require violence if they are to be enforced at all.

If not, then the incentive arises for individuals to be violent because then you can just "have" whatever you desire if you are willing to be violent and no one else is.

</comment><comment><USER15> Popular work in evolutionary psychology would suggest the premise humans have selected against the "reactive aggression," of "alpha males" perhaps overlooks whose children those civilized "proactively aggressive," men were actually raising for all those centuries. The article seems like a proxy for some culture war themes that would be laughable if it were not so insidious. I assure you, we're still here.

</comment><comment><USER16> Human moral development seems to be a cycle of an outburst of violence, followed by a dramatic retrenchment of violence in response. Each iteration brings greater violence and then an even greater retrenchment.

Eons ago we discovered through this cycle that rape and murder are wrong and should be met with cutting the offender off from society permanently. 75 years ago we discovered that systematic genocide and wars for land are wrong and should never be tolerated.

We are still recovering from that retrenchment, I think. As it fades further into the mists of history, the next violent phase of the cycle looms closer. It's uncertain whether we'll be around to discover any more moral lessons after it passes.

<comment><USER17> The "solution" to rape and murder is to have a state strong enough to monopolize violence and eliminate offenders.

The "solution" to wars for land is to have an empire effectively own all the land such that any attempt of conquest is a local conflict that will be pacified by the empire.

Genocide is more complicated as it can often be in the interest of the state. The fact that we haven't engaged in genocide in 75 years is indeed curious.

Still, I question your theme of moral progress. History would suggest that it will go the other way as the empire inevitably starts to weaken.

</comment></comment><comment><USER18> Any Rene Girard readers want to weigh in here? I see some similarities to the themes in his work but am not well versed enough to comment.

</comment><comment><USER19> So I ain't read the book from OP or Noetzsche but ain't Nietzsche explicitly say this in Zarathustra or something. I'm sure I didn't do a good reading but I thought I remember hearing him talk about the incredible violence of what the op article would call "human domestication"</comment>


Google spent $25 million lobbying during the FTC probe, and it worked - <AUTHOR> http://thenextweb.com/google/2013/01/04/google-spend-25-million-lobbying-during-the-course-of-the-ftc-probe-and-it-worked/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+TheNextWebGoogle+(The+Next+Web+Google) <comment><USER2> TheNextWeb is basically a Microsoft PR Front. When it came to reviewing browser stats the solely quoted Netapplications.

And this "story" (aka as Microsoft press release) fails to point how Microsoft spent $50 million lobbying to get Google in front of an FTC probe.

But yeah, I guess a headline like "Google spent less on lobbying during the FTC probe than Microsoft spent to get them there" isn't Microshilly enough.</comment>


Ask HN: The Missing Key to Mastering the Keyboard - <AUTHOR>

Why isn't there a keyboard shortcut that takes one directly to the viewport of a web browser?
Think about this. Surely, this is anecdotal evidence, but think about this: when I have to use the Mouse, this breaks my Flow. I have fully modded my OS X laptop such that I never need to touch the mouse except for the occasion that I am unable to scroll (vimium or D-pad and just about any arrangement of special keys).
Maybe this is a grave oversight or blunder on my part. I'll take it. But if I had a generic procedure for accessing the viewport with my keyboard, my productivity would increase tenfold.
Generally speaking, it is _interesting_ that this problem should exist at all for _web browsers_. <comment><USER2> I'm using Chrome on OSX (snow leopard).

I hit [tab] - focus switches through a bunch of links and eventually to the text entry box.

EDIT: Chrome manually sized, and is not full screen.

<comment><AUTHOR> It could possibly be a plugin that has taken my natural behavior of Tab.

Darn. If it is, I've wasted your time. But then again, it's quite frustrating if it could be a plugin or something confugured in about://flags.

For instance, if I change the way Tab movies on OS X (snow leopard), it will toggle between jumping to bookmarks or to apps (which sit on the same row as the address bar). Sometimes if I Shift+Tab from the address bar, it will go to the last link on a web page.

</comment></comment><comment><USER3> Tab?

<comment><AUTHOR> Not sure if you're trolling me, but you can see that your response does not answer the question. And given that you likely used a web browser to provide your response, it might have been effortless to confirm that your answer does not answer the question.

<comment><USER3> I'm not trolling, maybe I didn't understand your question. The shortcut to go to viewport from the address entry bar is Tab, at least in Chrome. Maybe I don't understand what you mean by "viewport"?

<comment><AUTHOR> We have the same understanding of "viewport." It's my mistake. I should have been clearer by "generic procedure."

Your method works on Windows. (And _possibly_ when Chrome is in fullscreen mode.) But your method does not work on OS X. I'm not sure about *nix.

<comment><USER3> I still don't get it, sorry :-) From where to where do you exactly want the keyboard focus to go?

<comment><AUTHOR> Sometimes Tab works, sometimes it doesn't, in the way you've suggested. Again, I must be missing something/blunder on my part. It's sporadic when it works. For instance, on OS X, one can "Change the way Tab movies focus".

The "viewport" being the container of the Web page (or the container of your current DOM "window"), underneath your address bar or bookmarks. Basically, the Web page itself. I'm using the term "viewport" since, ideally, I don't truly want to Tab into the Web page itself because this assumes I want some element in the page, like a link. I'm prefer to be able to Tab to the "viewport" (Web page) and simply scroll, say, or use vimium commands. But more often than not, when I Tab from the address bar, I get either the bookmarks bar or the apps bar (Chrome). Firefox gives me similar behavior.

For the most part, I'm trying to determine if this is a limitation of OS X or a limitation of each particular browser.

<comment><USER3> Aha, I get it now! Thanks for explanation. I now realize that this also annoys me a bit -- when I've scrolled a page and then do Ctrl+L (or Cmd+L), then press Tab, it scrolls the page up to focus on the first focusable element on the page.</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment>


So You Want to Geoengineer the Planet? Beware the Hurricanes - <AUTHOR> https://www.wired.com/story/so-you-want-to-geoengineer-the-planet-beware-the-hurricanes/ <comment><USER2> I would be a little scared that some like Snowpiercer movie would happen. The Earth would be permanently cooled and we would not be able to reverse it.

[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1706620/](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1706620/)</comment>