text:
An artist novel detailing the artist's growth to maturity.
The künstlerroman is a type of bildungsroman—a novel where the protagonist undergoes an education—in which the writer charts the course of an artist undergoing an evolution from nascent stirrings to full artistic voice. Literally, künstlerroman translates to English as "artist" (from the German, "künstler") and "novel" (from the French, "roman"). The künstlerroman traces its origins to the Germanic Romantic tradition of the eighteenth century, when a generation of writers began to rebel against what they believed to be the confining rationalist structures borne of the Era of Enlightenment. They were drawn to the freedom of artistic expression apparent in Romanticism and the beliefs of perhaps its biggest advocate, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Goethe, one of the literary world's most influential thinkers, considered writing as a means to personal contemplation; a writer writes desirous to know his own internal cravings and emotions. From this process arose his Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre (Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship) (1795-1796), in which the title character, disillusioned by life and love, seeks a different standard and becomes an artist and a playwright. Considered the genesis of both the künstlerroman and bildungsroman genres, Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship became the prototype from which the tenets of modern künstlerromane are drawn. Goethe's Bildung philosophy was meant to establish, in the words of critic Roberta Serat, "the full development of a person's possibilities." From that, the künstlerroman branched out to mark a specific version of this education—the passage of protagonist from shapeless child to fully-formed artist.
This period in European culture saw tremendous activity in cross-pollination of ideas and theories as writers began to cross borders with increasing frequency. The movement founded by the German Romantic masters eventually spread to the English language in the nineteenth century where it was embraced by leading novelists and poets like Charles Dickens and Alfred Lord Tennyson. But the style is considered to have reached its peak with Stephen Dedalus's personal progression into writer in James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916), generally considered the standard-bearer of the genre in English. Since then, the künstlerroman form has become a popular method of disseminating an author's own concerns about finding themselves as both artist and human being, though many critics decry the lack of progress made by minority writers to utilize this form, as well as a dearth of critical thought about those few novels that do exist.
In many cases, if an author chooses to do a künstlerroman, it oftentimes comes early in their literary career, perhaps a result of their recent struggles to succeed as writers and the highly personal nature of the style that stems from this. Works of künstlerromane generally reflect the moral battle of writers questioning their appropriate standing as objective artist, a debate outlined by critic Maurice Beebe in his seminal work on the genre, Ivory Towers and Sacred Founts (1964). He characterized this inner turmoil as one that eventually forces its creator into one of two groups: the "Ivory Towers" and the "Sacred Founts," terms regularly used in the criticism of künstlerromane. For those in the former category, they isolate themselves in so-called self-created "ivory towers," regarding the sacrifice made to the creation of great art as worth more than a life fully lived. In direct opposite are the "Sacred Founts" who equate art with experience; personal fulfillment, and direct participation in the creation of history as the tableau from which classic literature springs. This inherent conflict is the impulse driving many künstlerroman, as the written protagonist is often a stand-in for their progenitor trying to sort out the conflicts that exist—whether as impediment or assistance—for them as artists in the real world. Their work becomes a reflection of their own travails that drove them to become the artists that exist to write the künstlerroman. This need to write and expunge is cited as both a primary cause and the source material for the books that spring forth, but also as the result of this "Divided Self."
Characteristics of the genre follow the formation of the artist almost as much as the art they strive to create. In a standard work of the form, the protagonist begins in a state of confinement, often in childhood restricted in their horizons either by the limitations of their home life or the interference of the people around them. Through force of will they escape to another location, one far-removed from their origins and more hospitable to their dreams and desired vocation (as a künstlerroman can be about any type of artist, such as a writer, dancer, painter or blues musician), though there are still crises of confidence and struggles to succeed. Along the journey, they find education from a variety of sources, though often these teachers exist in the shape of two counteracting forces—one that nurtures the artistic career, and one that acts as an obstacle to their inevitable triumph. Ultimately, they reach a standard of success, often at a cost to their own personal well being, either morally or physically. The best of the form debate the value of that art as well as the cost that has been derived from the subsuming need to create. Quasi-biographical, many times the central plot of the story is driven by the creation of a singular work of art—much like the writer's creation of the novel itself.
More recently, a feminist critical perspective has arisen that deviates from that generalized plot line. Feminists have noted that in the male-authored künstlerroman, the lead character is often a delicate, sensitive type taking on many feminine and stereotypically artistic characteristics, but when that protagonist is a woman she is defined by the world as fearless, pushy, and masculine. For the man, the sole pursuit of art is a noble goal in contrast to the woman's drive, whereby she is described as selfish, her striving for personal glory coming at a cost to the family that needs her. Similarly, for the man-artist, the intent is about the artistic result, the process of creation. But just as much, the female künstlerroman attempts to chart the woman's freedom from traditional roles, ironically putting her in opposition to the males in her life.
The künstlerroman is one of several sub-genres in the bildungsroman tradition, the others being the Entwicklungsroman and the Erziehungsroman. In the Entwicklungsroman, or novel of development, the author tries to illustrate the growth of his protagonist which, as opposed to the künstlerroman, is done without a particular goal in mind. The Erziehungsroman is a novel of instruction, the primary events occurring within the grounds of some type of educational institution. However, all three follow the bildung archetype where the primary focus is to trace the personal development of the lead character. Finally, there exists a sub-type of the künstlerroman: the artiste manqué, which charts the downfall of an artist whose talents have been sabotaged by an inherent weakness either within the artist himself, such as an addiction, or by the failings of those around him.
In essence, the künstlerroman is often a therapeutic exercise in self-exploration for a writer: Who am I, how did I come to be here, and finally, was the result worth what I've given to achieve it? Not necessarily written with the intent for concrete answers, the künstlerroman still seeks a way to find a better understanding of the value and suffering inherent in the eternal struggle to create.
Representative Works
Harriette Simpson Arnow
The Dollmaker (novel) 1954
Margaret Atwood
Surfacing (novel) 1972
Honoré de Balzac
La Comédie humaine. 40 vols. (novels and short stories) 1895-1900
John Barth
The Floating Opera (novel) 1956
Lost in the Funhouse: Fiction for Print, Tape, Live Voice (short stories) 1968
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
Aurora Leigh (narrative poem) 1857
Willa Cather
The Song of the Lark (novel) 1915
Kate Chopin
The Awakening (novel) 1899
Rebecca Harding Davis
Life in the Iron Mills (short story) 1861
Charles Dickens
David Copperfield (novel) 1850
Rita Dove
Through the Ivory Gate (novel) 1992
Theodore Dreiser
The "Genius" (novel) 1915
Louise Fitzhugh
Harriet the Spy (novel) 1964
Arthur Flowers
Another Good Loving Blues (novel) 1993
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
The Yellow Wallpaper, A Novella (novella) 1899
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre: Ein Roman. 4 vols. [Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship] (novel) 1795-1796
Mollie Hunter
A Sound of Chariots (novel) 1972
(The entire section is 185 words.)
Criticism: Major Works
SOURCE: Beebe, Maurice. "Honoré de Balzac: The Novelist as Creator." In Ivory Towers and Sacred Founts: The Artist as Hero in Fiction from Goethe to Joyce, pp. 175-96. New York: New York University Press, 1964.
[In the following essay, Beebe assesses the work of French writer Honoré de Balzac and concludes that contrary to most appraisals of Balzac, as a writer, he was both a romantic and a realist.]
"The crossroad of sensibility and social history," we have seen, is the area from which the finest fiction comes.1 Because the greatest novelists achieve a balance between individual vision and the life which they must use in their art, they seem to reside midway between the Ivory Tower and the Sacred Fount. Such a novelist was Honoré de Balzac. When we consider his total work after his early apprenticeship as a hack writer, we must be impressed by its evenness of quality: some of the novels and stories in the Comédie humaine are, of course, better or worse than others, but it is impossible to discover a clear pattern of improvement or deterioration in Balzac's literary career. It is as if he had from the beginning a vision so complete that it could never be exhausted and so balanced that it need never be rejected. He had only to draw upon that total vision as long as he lived.
Because Balzac's fiction falls within the middle area, both realists and romantics...
(The entire section is 9607 words.)
SOURCE: Engelberg, Howard. "James and Arnold: Conscience and Consciousness in a Victorian Künstlerroman." In Henry James's Major Novels: Essays in Criticism, edited by Lyall H. Powers, pp. 3-27. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1973.
[In the following essay, originally published in 1968, Engelberg argues in his examination of Roderick Hudson that Henry James was the first author writing in English to utilize the künstlerroman's "artist's dilemma" as a plot device for a novel.]
In his recent study of the artist-hero in fiction, Maurice Beebe examines the scores of novels in nineteenth-century English fiction which might be considered, even in the remotest way, as dealing with the "Artist-Hero," or simply with artist types.1 With the exception of Henry James, Beebe's list is unimpressive. Almost all the novels he cites, from Disraeli's Contarini Fleming to Thackeray's The Newcomes, remain unread today. Not until the turn of the century—and perhaps not really until Joyce's Portrait—did the English novel concern itself with the "Artist-Hero"—except, of course, for Henry James. In view of the central place which the Künstlerproblem occupied in the German Romantic tradition (Eichendorff, Novalis, Tieck, Hoffmann, not to speak of Goethe) and in mid-century France, this belated interest in the Artist as Hero in...
(The entire section is 9598 words.)
SOURCE: Stouck, David. "The Song of the Lark: A Künstlerroman." In Willa Cather's Imagination, pp. 183-98. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1975.
[In the following essay, Stouck details how Thea Kronberg's artistic journey in Willa Cather's Song of the Lark marks it as a classic künstlerroman.]
Willa Cather's most positive view of art and the artist's life is found in The Song of the Lark (1915).1 The images of the artist as a divine figure and a heroic conqueror which occur in her journalistic writings are given their full dramatic value in the story of Thea Kronborg who becomes a famous singer—a Wagnerian opera star resplendent in "shining armour." Perhaps as Willa Cather developed her own powers, her sense of the artist's creative and unique calling took precedence over her recognition of the artist's limitations. Moreover, although she had an external model for her story in the person of the opera singer Olive Fremstad, Willa Cather was telling the story of Thea Kronborg from an intimately personal viewpoint, incorporating her own memories and experiences into the story of the artist's life. Thus Thea Kronborg's struggle to become an artist is in a very real sense Willa Cather's as well. In her 1932 preface to the novel she wrote that what she cared about was to show how "commonplace occurrences fell together to liberate [the artist] from...
(The entire section is 6608 words.)
SOURCE: Malmgren, Carl D. "'From Work to Text': The Modernist and Postmodernist Künstlerroman." Novel 21, no. 1 (fall 1987): 5-28.
[In the following essay, Malmgren gives an in-depth scrutinization of Thomas Mann's "Tonio Kroger" and John Barth's Lost in the Funhouse, using them as examples of modernist and postmodernist künstlerromane respectively.]
"… what an artist talks about is never the main point."
—John Barth quoting from Thomas Mann's "Tonio Kroger" in "The Literature of Replenishment"
From modernism to postmodernism. If the twentieth century has witnessed a dramatic change in sensibility, a shift in the prevailing episteme, and if that shift registers itself foremost in the very nature and function of the aesthetic artifact, then one way to define the transformation would be to examine in detail representative narratives which deal directly with the development of the artist and the nature of his or her calling. I have chosen as my "tutor" texts two works generally recognized as representative modernist and postmodernist künstlerromans, Thomas Mann's "Tonio Kroger" (1903) and John Barth's Lost in the Funhouse (1968). I propose to examine the two works in terms of their definition of the artist, his...
(The entire section is 10825 words.)
SOURCE: Houston, Gail Turley. "Gender Construction and the Künstlerroman: David Copperfield and Aurora Leigh." Philological Quarterly 72, no. 2 (spring 1993): 213-36.
[In the following essay, Houston tries to differentiate between Victorian gender construction in male and female authored English künstlerromane by using Charles Dickens's David Copperfield and Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Aurora Leigh as a basis for the comparison.]
A nineteenth-century Romantic genre, the Kunstlerroman, as a kind of palimpsest, conceals the material concerns of the writer by asserting that self-making is an art. Indeed, a rewriting and erasure of the self, the Kunstlerroman's conscious project displays a stabilized and authorized reading of the writer, and conceals the eruptive, unstable, and unconscious process of that construction. Furthermore, this generic form makes claims that it is representative of everyman at the same time that it formulates a special and lucrative category for the writer as artistic genius. Kunstlerromane such as Wordsworth's Prelude, Thackeray's Pendennis, Tennyson's In Memoriam and Dickens's David Copperfield exemplify this double vision of the author as typical but also as special creation and creator. These works reveal, too, that the paradigm of the artist as universal...
(The entire section is 9318 words.)
SOURCE: Falk, Lilian. "The Master: Reclaiming Zangwill's Only Künstlerroman." English Literature in Transition 1880-1920 44, no. 3 (2001): 275-96.
[In the following essay, Falk closely reviews Israel Zangwill's The Master—examining how themes of morality are explored, how it falls into the künstlerroman genre, and whether it was inspired by Elizabeth Bishop's grandfather, George Hutchinson.]
Israel Zangwill's status as an important writer is firmly established. His weakest works are falling out of sight, while his best confirm his claim to fame. The Big Bow Mystery (1892) is recognized as a pioneering work in the locked-door genre of mystery. The King of Schnorrers (1894) merrily reappears in new editions every decade or so, often with the original illustrations by George Hutchinson, propelled, as it seems, by its own comedic energy. As for Children of the Ghetto, its standing as an undisputed classic has been recently consolidated by Meri-Jane Rochelson's scholarly new edition (1998). All three are readable; all three are still read, not by scholars only, but also by the general public: the first for its suspense, the second for its humour, the third for its portrait of a peculiar people.1
At the same time, other works recede into shadows. Among them The Bachelors' Club (1891), still funny, but too strained;...
(The entire section is 9309 words.)
Criticism: Overviews And General Studies
SOURCE: Beebe, Maurice. Introduction to Ivory Towers and Sacred Founts: The Artist as Hero in Fiction from Goethe to Joyce, pp. 3-18. New York: New York University Press, 1964.
[In the following introduction to what is generally considered the definitive study of the künstlerroman, Beebe examines the theory of the "Divided Self" whereby the main character of a book is an outward expression of the author himself; he also explores the "Ivory Tower" tradition in which the writer "exalts art above life" and the "Sacred Fount" theory where the artist equates art with experience.]
No sooner has Denis Stone, the young poet in Aldous Huxley's Crome Yellow, confessed that he is writing a novel than he is chagrined to hear a new acquaintance describe the plot of the story:
"Little Percy, the hero, was never good at games, but he was always clever. He passes through the usual public school and the usual university and comes to London, where he lives among the artists. He is bowed down with melancholy thought; he carries the whole weight of the universe upon his shoulders. He writes a novel of dazzling brilliance; he dabbles delicately in Amour and disappears, at the end of the book, into the Luminous Future."
Denis blushed scarlet. Mr. Scogan had described the plan of his novel with an...
(The entire section is 7089 words.)
SOURCE: Mahlendorf, Ursula R. Introduction to The Wellsprings of Literary Creation: An Analysis of Male and Female "Artist Stories" from the German Romantics to American Writers of the Present, pp. xii-xx. Columbia, S.C.: Camden House, 1985.
[In the following introduction to Mahlendorf's book-length examination of the künstlerroman, she surveys the ways in which the künstlerroman can be studied psychologically.]
A Künstlernovelle and Künstlerroman (artist story and artist novel) contains the creation of a work of art as a central event of its plot. Based on the creative work and psychology of a fictitious sculptor, painter, poet or musician, "artist stories" have fascinated German authors and readers continuously since the Romantics of the early 19th century.1 Under German Romantic influence, American writers, beginning with Hawthorne in The Artist of the Beautiful (1844) have shared this fascination. Despite Günther Grass's devastating parody in The Tin Drum (1959) the genre in German letters is far from exhausted, as Christa Wolf's sensitive A Model Childhood (1977) has shown. Recent evidence of the continuing vogue in American letters are Philip Roth's novella The Ghost Writer published in the New Yorker (June/July, 1979) with allusions to Thomas Mann's artists and John Irving's best-seller The World According to...
(The entire section is 3001 words.)
SOURCE: Serat, Roberta. "Origins of the Künstlerroman." In Voyage into Creativity: The Modern Künstlerroman, pp. 17-27. New York: Peter Lang, 1992.
[In the following essay, Serat traces the origins of the modern künstlerroman from its manifestation during the German Romance period to its current form.]
Although the voyage motif traditionally embodies both social and psychological elements, during the Romantic period the emphasis is concentrated on the latter as the artist becomes aware of his difference from other members of society. Rousseau's Confessions1 and Goethe's Werther2 present early delineations of this manifestation of creative temperament, the romantic hero who feels the need to discover his sense of identity. In order to realize his individuality he is confronted with the need to separate himself from existing social orders and revolt against outworn literary canons of the preceding generation:
Je forme une entreprise qui n'eut jamais d'imitateur. Je veux montrer à mes semblables un homme dans toute la vérité de la nature; et cet homme ce sera moi. … Je ne suis fait comme aucun de ceux que j'ai vus; j'ose croire n'être fait comme aucun de ceux qui existent.3
The assertion of the artist's individuality presupposes his need to separate himself...
(The entire section is 4186 words.)
Criticism: Feminism In The KüNstlerroman
SOURCE: Goodman, Charlotte. "Portraits of the Artiste Manqué by Three Women Novelists." Frontiers: A Journal of Women's Studies 5, no. 3 (1981): 57-9.
[In the following essay, Goodman reviews three contemporary novels that employ the Artiste Manqué, a literary device in which the artist-protagonist's talents are sabotaged by weaknesses in themselves or those close to them.]
As fiction became increasingly autobiographical in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, many novelists began to write about artist protagonists. Novels such as Henry James' The Tragic Muse, D. H. Lawrence's Sons and Lovers, James Joyce's Portrait of The Artist as a Young Man, Mary Austin's A Woman of Genius, and Willa Cather's The Song of the Lark all trace the growth and development of artist protagonists and describe their struggles to free themselves from the restrictions imposed by their environments. Still other novels consider the careers of artistes manqués: those whose talents are undermined by their own psychological limitations or by the attitudes of their societies. Both Virginia Woolf in A Room of One's Own and, more recently, Tillie Olsen in Silences have pointed out that many would-be artists whose careers have been aborted are women. "We who write are survivors, Only's," Olsen declares, noting that few indeed are the women who have been...
(The entire section is 2212 words.)
SOURCE: DuPlessis, Rachel Blau. "To 'Bear My Mother's Name': Künstlerromane by Female Writers." In Tell Me a Riddle, edited by Tillie Olsen with an introduction by Deborah Silverton Rosenfelt, pp. 243-69. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1985.
[In the following essay, originally published in 1985, well-known feminist writer DuPlessis explores the nature of the feminist künstlerroman by examining several of the genre's more prominent examples from the last century.]
No song or poem will bear my mother's name. … Perhaps she was herself a poet—though only her daughter's name is signed to the poems that we know.
—Alice Walker, "In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens" (1974)
The love plot and Bildungs plot are fused in a particular fictional strategy, a figure emerging in a range of narratives from Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Aurora Leigh to Margaret Atwood's Surfacing.1 And the central struggle between designated role and meaningful vocation is negotiated by different narrative tactics in nineteenth- and twentieth-century texts.2 The figure of a female artist encodes the conflict between any empowered woman and the barriers to her achievement.3 Using the female artist as a literary motif dramatizes and heightens the already-present...
(The entire section is 9554 words.)
SOURCE: Mahlendorf, Ursula R. "Kate Chopin's The Awakening1: Engulfment and Diffusion." In The Wellsprings of Literary Creation: An Analysis of Male and Female "Artist Stories" from the German Romantics to American Writers of the Present, pp. 147-59. Columbia, S.C.: Camden House, 1985.
[In the following essay, Mahlendorf considers how Kate Chopin's The Awakening was perhaps the first feminist künstlerroman and how the mother-figure is the possible antithesis of the artist-hero.]
Up to this point of our inquiry, we have examined the patterns of creativity which authors from the Romantics to Franz Kafka ascribe to the heroes of their narratives about artists. Upon these heroes they project fears and wishes which concern their own creativity. The problem often involves their own survival as creative persons and the work turned into a self exploration. Often they attribute to their heroes their own aesthetic practices and theories. The recurrent pattern is that of the quest as Harry Slochower has described it in his Mythopoesis.2 On the quest, the artist's creative process is activated by sudden, illuminating breakthroughs, experiences which contain elements of the heroes' unresolved self or oedipal problems. These breakthrough experiences open the floodgates of the primary process, unsettle the protagonist, and by casting him into a different...
(The entire section is 6162 words.)
SOURCE: Hankins, Leslie Kathleen. "Alas, Alack! or A Lass, a Lack? Quarrels of Gender and Genre in the Revisionist Künstlerroman1: Eudora Welty's The Golden Apples." Mississippi Quarterly 44, no. 4 (fall 1991): 391-409.
[In the following essay, Hankins tries to come to a clear definition of the female künstlerroman through an analysis of Eudora Welty's The Golden Apples.]
All of Eudora Welty's writings interrogate the possibilities of art. Delta Wedding, The Golden Apples, and The Optimist's Daughter, probing again and again the complex web of relationships between women and art, would seem to fall naturally into the Künstlerroman genre of novels about the artist and art. But an odd thing happens on the way to the genre—the path turns into an obstacle course. Why? Critics' difficulties identifying the artist figures in these texts hint at the problem.2 Why aren't the women in these novels—Virgie, Laura, Laurel, Cassie, or Miss Eckhart—as easily recognized as artist figures as Stephen and Eugene, the protagonists of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Look Homeward, Angel? Is there a necessary cluster of traits required to label artists, a special something which these women lack? Do Welty's texts fail to fit into the Künstlerroman genre? Why? Are they flawed? Critical efforts to place Welty's texts...
(The entire section is 8357 words.)
SOURCE: Trites, Roberta Sellinger. "Re/Constructing the Female Writer: Subjectivity in the Feminist Künstlerroman." In Waking Sleeping Beauty: Feminist Voices in Children's Literature, pp. 63-79. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1997.
[In the following essay, Trites evaluates a sub-genre of the children's künstlerroman—the feminist children's book künstlerroman—where the protagonist is a child developing self-identity through her desire to become a writer.]
Margaret Mahy's The Tricksters examines what it means to one girl that she is a writer; so does Patricia MacLachlan's Cassie Binegar. Both of these novels depict a girl who claims the subject position by learning to use her voice, but significantly, each character learns to use her voice not only as a matter of speaking but also as a matter of writing. Because writing and re-visioning have so much potential to help people understand their agency, quite a few feminist children's novels explore what it means for children to write. The resulting novels seek to explore how children write, why they write, and what they gain as individuals during the process.
One step in understanding such novels is to understand the conventions of the Bildungsroman, the novel of development, and of the Künstlerroman, the novel of artistic development. In the introduction to The Voyage In:...
(The entire section is 6701 words.)
Criticism: Minority KüNstlerroman
SOURCE: Jablon, Madelyn. "The Künstlerroman and the Blues Hero." In Black Metafiction: Self-Consciousness in African American Literature, pp. 55-79. Iowa: University of Iowa Press, 1997.
[In the following essay, Jablon attempts to define the characteristics of the black künstlerroman genre, using several novels that use a blues musician as its artist-protagonist.]
Today. My simple passion is to write our names in history and walk in the light that is woman.
—Sonia Sanchez, Poem
Linda Hutcheon's discussion of mimesis of process situates metafiction in its classical context by explaining how mimesis of product superseded mimesis of process and became the sole criterion for evaluating and interpreting fiction. Her examination of classical rhetoric is a persuasive argument for the reintroduction of mimesis of process into the discussion of literature. As a point of entry into black metafiction, mimesis of process yields important findings. The first is that black fiction has always celebrated mimesis of process. The process of artistic production has always been portrayed as equal or greater in value than the product. Such novels as The Color Purple remind us of that history and speak out on behalf of the continuation of this tradition.
The second thing we learn is that mimesis of process functions metaphorically in black...
(The entire section is 9648 words.)
Further Reading
Eysturoy, Annie O. Introduction to Daughters of Self-Creation: The Contemporary Chicana Novel, pp. 3-28. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1996.
Traces how critics have chosen to study the bildungsroman/künstlerroman genre, particularly from feminist and Chicana standpoints.
Franklin, Carol. "The Female Künstlerroman: Richardson versus Bjørnson." Southerly 43, no. 4 (1983): 422-36.
Draws a detailed comparison between H. H. Richardson's The Getting of Wisdom and Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson Fiskerjenten.
Nanney, Lisa. "Zelda Fitzgerald's Save Me the Waltz as Southern Novel and Künstlerroman." In The Female Tradition in Southern Literature, edited by Carol S. Manning, pp. 220-32. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1993.
Analyzes Zelda Fitzgerald's only printed novel, Save Me the Waltz, believing it to be both a prototypical Southern Novel and a künstlerroman.
Stewart, Grace. "Background: Myth, the Artist, and the künstlerroman." In A New Mythos: The Novel of the Artist as Heroine 1877-1977, pp. 1-10. St. Alban's, Vt.: Eden's Press Women's Publications, Inc., 1979.
Details the relationship between the mythic pattern and the künstlerroman.
(The entire section is 169 words.)
Source: Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism, ©2004 Gale Cengage. All Rights Reserved. Full copyright.


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Social media is a great tool for communicating with your customers, however unlike other forms of marketing communications, social media is exactly that "social". Simply pushing out posts is not enough, and it's a big mistake that many business owners make – treating social media as if it's another vehicle for simply getting the word out. Yes, it is, but it's also a vehicle for listening to your customers' needs, prompting them to share their opinions and feedback, as well as showing your...
by nicoj, Community Moderator on Thursday, June 2, 2011 - 14:54
It's no longer uncommon to witness neighbors, colleagues and partners taking a "work from home" day. In fact, telework practices are considered a highly desirable perk, if not a downright necessity, for today's increasingly agile and mobile workforce. As a small business owner the benefits are also significant . Cost-savings can be realized in abundance – from reductions in office space, to decreased absenteeism (employees no longer need to take a full day's leave if they need to stay at home...
by nicoj, Community Moderator on Tuesday, May 31, 2011 - 11:23
5 Tips for Managing a Successful Family Business If small business is the backbone of the U.S. economy, then family-owned businesses for the most part make up a large portion of the vertebrae! In fact, family-owned businesses account for 90% of all businesses in the U.S. (large and small) and continue to be a powerful force. However, the day-to-day job of a family business owner can easily be compromised and complicated by relatives who need to be reconciled to working together. These challenges are very real – emotions can interfere...
by Stephen Morris, Community Moderator on Thursday, May 12, 2011 - 12:51
If you business is growing and you still find yourself trying to control every aspect of it then you may just be your own worst enemy and on the brink of a total burn out. But letting go in business is hard. After all, your business is your baby. You gave it life, nurtured it and invested hours and money in making it a success. So how on earth do you let go of all that and learn to trust some of your business functions to others, while staying in command? Here are some tips for stepping back from the fray and taking control of your business,...
by ngoriel, Community Moderator on Thursday, May 5, 2011 - 14:14
Starting a business is an exciting prospect, but unless managed properly it can quickly become a hairball of administrative and regulatory mis-haps. For example, how are you going to register your business? Should you incorporate your business? And what are the differing requirements that the federal government puts on new business owners, let alone your local city, county or state government? Then there are other considerations such as zoning laws, licenses and permits. Even home-based business owners need a business permit to operate legally...
by Caron_Beesley, Community Moderator on Tuesday, January 18, 2011 - 22:14
We're always hearing about the best places in the U.S. for entrepreneurial opportunity. From surveys to Census data, hubs of innovation and so-called-small business friendl- conurbations are constantly popping up somewhere on the map. But no matter which locale you set your sights on, how do you know if i's going to be the right fit? Whether you are starting-up or eyeing up a new regional opportunity, many considerations come into play. From market sizing to local unemployment rates; available financial resources to quality of life...
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You just don't get it. More for the rest of us!
Good food here, but you have to pick and choose. Salads are better than Sweet Tomato as is the fruit. Steaks if cooked right are good.
Stay away from some of the fried stuff and nasty side dishes.
The service is usually good, the food is a bit expensive but served in large portions. The chili is really good, but the ice cream is definitely what stands out! You have to go to Austin's at least once, if only to try the amazing ice cream.
The portions are very big, and usually worth the price! The wait staff is well trained, and generally decent and attentive, plus the desserts are great. There are also a lot of options to choose from if you're a picky eater (like I am).
Reasonably priced and it's usually a challenge to clean your plate as the portions are very generous. I like that you can have breakfast at dinner if you don't want as heavy a meal.
I like the concept of a buffet--I can see the food and select that of it I wish. Golden Corral has better quality food than Hometown Buffet (which I'm convinced uses instant mashed potatoes.)
On occasion, food items aren't labeled. But my chief disappointment is that over recent months, Golden Corral only puts out thighs and legs in the fried chicken bin. One used to be able to also get wings and breasts--I guess using only dark meat saves them money, but unfortunately I only like white-meat chicken.
Lastly, it would be nice if one could serve one's self with respect to the beverages (which Hometown Buffet offers) instead of having to rely on a waitperson to refill a drink.


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1963 Studebaker Wagonaire,an unmolested, original paint car,that starts,stops,runs and drives,but is in need of a complete restoration.The economical six cylinder/standard shift drivetrain,combined with its'unusual... More
1962 Studebaker Hawk, a mostly complete, original car, that needs a total restoration. It is nicely equipped, with the 289 V-8, factory four speed,... More
STUDEBAKERS: 1958 Scotsman 2-door wagon & Lark coupe, choice, $2,500 this issue; surplus lot sold, must sell 100+ 1940s-1980s vehicles ASAP, package deal $125,000;... More
STUDEBAKER: 1951 Champion Deluxe Regal 4-door project, rare, automatic, not running, complete interior, good body and chassis, easy restoration, includes re-cored radiator and miscellaneous... More
STUDEBAKER: 1963 Wagonaire, all original, V8, 3-speed overdrive, white/red, factory retractable roof, overall nice shape, $3,000. 757-235-1130, VA.... More


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Open Initiative Homepage
My Green Apps
EPA just launched My Green Apps, a website to help people find over 100 existing environmental apps (for smartphones, tablets and other mobile devices). The site includes apps from EPA, other agencies, and third party developers about a broad range of topics. In addition, people can tell EPA what ideas they like best by "liking" an idea for an app. Once people have prioritized the ideas, EPA can find environmental data so developers can convert the ideas into apps. My Green Apps is for people who use apps and it complements EPA's Developer Central, which is for app developers.
My Green Apps is a customer-focused site that helps the public see what apps EPA is providing. It also shows the wide range of environmental apps that others have created. It is transparent in that it lists the EPA data that are used in each app. Be sure to visit Ideas for Apps, for ideas that could be converted into apps, where EPA has done some homework for developers by identifying EPA data that could be used to create the apps. Check out the site and spread the word!
FFSEP OpenGov
EPA is announcing the release of its Federal Facilities Site Evaluation Project (FFSEP) website. The FFSEP is a culmination of efforts undertaken in 2010 under the Integrated Cleanup Initiative (ICI) to determine the disposition of sites that appeared to be making insufficient, if any, cleanup progress. The FFSEP evaluated 514 federally owned sites that were identified in the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Information System (CERCLIS) as potentially stalled in their progress when the ICI was begun in FY2010.
In an effort to verify the activity description and status of the 514 FFSEP sites, EPA reached out to the Federal Departments and Agencies with sites on the list. We collaborated with our Federal partners to gather the most current information available on these sites. We engaged our state partners to include site information from their records. This collaboration enabled EPA to make activity determinations on 491 of the 514 sites that had not been fully assessed. The cooperation offered by the other Federal Agencies and our state partners was invaluable to the success of this project. The FFSEP supports EPA's commitment to open government by providing access to information about these sites, so that the public can more fully engage in cleanups in their communities.
Current Innovations
- EPA Customer Service Plan - October 2012
- Periodic Retrospective Reviews of Existing Regulations - Progress Report (July 2013) (PDF) (7 pp, 171 K, About PDF) on EPA's retrospective review plan.
- In summer 2011, EPA released a plan for periodic retrospective reviews of existing regulations, as called for by Executive Order 13563 (PDF) (3 pp, 56 K, About PDF) . To learn more about retrospective reviews, visit our Reg DaRRT website.
- View the 13 page PDF version of the OpenGov Plan V2.0
- For your review, Draft Outline for the 2.0 Plan
- Reports on the Air Pollution Levels of Schools Nationwide
- EPA Releases Searchable Website for Drinking Water Violations / Agency to host webinar to show how to use the public health data
- EPA Region 7 Launches Facebook Page Exit
- EPA Updates Database on Health and Environmental Impacts of Electricity Generation - User friendly web tool allows Americans to search for power providers by zip code
- Information Access Strategy (PDF) (23 pp, 813 K, About PDF)
- EPA Seeking Public Input on Significant Remaining Cleanup Area on Camp Edwards
- EPA Proposes Safeguards for Hazardous Waste Recycling - Action aims to promote economic, environmental and public health benefits of waste recycling
- EPA seeks public comments on revised air quality permits for Shell's Arctic oil exploration activities
- EPA Seeks Public Input on Plan to Clean Up Ground Water at NL Industries Superfund Site in Pedricktown, New Jersey
- EPA Seeks Input from Small Entities on Revisions for the Lead and Copper Rule
- Read and submit a comment on the draft of the "Waters of the United States" guidance
- EPA Establishes National Tribal Toxics Committee to Address Risks from Toxic Chemicals
- Healthy Waters for EPA's Mid-Atlantic Region
- Greenversations blog
- Pick 5 for the Environment
- Solid Waste and Emergency Response Discussion Forum | Town Hall Discussions
- EPA To Provide Nearly $2 Million to Revitalize U.S. Urban Waters
- Obama Administration Officials and Industry Leaders Unveil Federal Strategy to Promote U.S.-Based Electronics Recycling Market and Jobs
- EPA Recognizes Port Arthur ISD and Veolia Technical Solutions, L.L.C., for Creating Safer Schools
- EPA to Tackle Emissions from Trucks Used at Ports - EPA, industry leaders, and environmental groups to join forces for cleaner, healthier air around harbors
- Federal Agencies Partner to Revitalize Urban Waterways In Communities Across The U.S.
- Federal Agencies to Improve Coordination to Support Energy Development and Safeguard Air Quality
- Research Flights Seek to Improve View of Air Pollution from Space
- SmartWay to Launch Dray Truck Initiative to Reduce Port Emissions - Industry leaders, environmental groups and EPA to join forces in bold new initiative to clean the air at US ports
- EPA to Chair North America Commission for Environmental Cooperation - Joint partnership among U.S., Canada and Mexico to strengthen cooperation on health and environmental protection
- EPA Announces Partnership for First-Ever Great Lakes Week
- Community Action for a Renewed Environment (CARE) Program
- Environmental Justice Showcase Communities
- State Energy Efficiency Action Network


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If youve been ripped off or scammed, complain to the Federal Trade Commission. It can help put the bad guys out of business. To file a complaint, just go to www.ftc.gov/complaint or call 1-877-FTC-HELP.
You're about to access a third-party service that is not governed by the FTC's privacy policy. This site may use persistent tracking technologies. Read YouTube's privacy policy for more information.
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We're working with you to make a positive impact around the world in more than 35 countries, all 50 United States and your backyard. Support our work
OUR SCIENCE BLOG: Cool Green Science is updated daily with posts from our scientists
CONSERVATION FUTURE: Announcing our 2013 NatureNet Science Fellows
PEOPLE AND NATURE: Introducing Our New Social Scientists
FEATURED RESEARCH: Coastal Resilience 2.0
FEATURED BLOG: A Breakthrough for Data-Poor Fisheries Starts in Palau
FOLLOW US: Keep up with our scientists on twitter @nature_brains and Facebook!
Meet some of the Conservancy's leading science innovators and analysts. Get to know us
The Conservancy takes a unique approach to conservation science. Learn more
Conservancy scientists author more than 200 peer-reviewed articles a year. Keep up with our scientists
Watch and read some of the fascinating things that Conservancy scientists are working on—then Ask a Conservationist your question! Explore
We're putting our science to work to help make a business case for conservation. Learn more
Our advisory Science Council has some of the world's best scientists in disciplines that are critical to our work. Meet them
Conservancy chief scientist Peter Kareiva explains why the Conservancy leads its work with science. Find out
Our in-house science monthly magazine offers provocative opinions and features on current conservation topics. Read now
See why Gala Davaa is passionate about protecting Mongolia's native grasslands.
Nature springs to life in Nature Conservancy magazine. Read
The most vital habitats on Earth need your support. Make a donation


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Chris Tomlin Tickets
Buy Chris Tomlin tickets today on Seatwave. This is the place to find tickets for Chris Tomlin and all other pop and rock gigs and festivals. Seatwave also has tickets for lots more concerts, sports and theatre events. Catch all the live action; buy Chris Tomlin tickets now. Make sure you keep checking back for updates on Chris Tomlin gigs and when you can buy or sell tickets.
Buy Chris Tomlin tickets today on Seatwave.com, the ticket marketplace, all tickets guaranteed.


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STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN (Dec. 11, 12:10 p.m. ET) — The European Union-funded SustainComp project has been completed after four years of work in which partners developed demonstrator products made from bioplastics reinforced with wood fibers.
Plastics News' experts discuss trends impacting the recycling of plastic materials analyzing market conditions, opportunities, threats, regulatory activity, and sustainability trends' impact on supply. View analysis of leading recyclers, resin price and production trends, and recycling rates as well as perspectives from industry thought leaders regarding market trends.
Learn moreAccess data on 180 processors, including most recent and previous fiscal year process sales, total corporate sales, number of plants, presses and employees, as well as products manufactured and end markets served.
Learn moreFebruary 23, 2014 - February 26, 2014Plastics News Executive Forum 2014
April 1, 2014 - April 2, 2014Plastics Financial Summit
May 6, 2014 - May 8, 2014Plastics in Medical Devices 2014
September 10, 2014 - September 12, 2014Plastics Caps & Closures 2014
More Events


text: Description:HP DL380 G7 Intel® Xeon® E5603 (1.60GHz/4-core/4MB/80W) Processor Kit Manufacturer Part# 633444-B21 Processors: Manufacturer Part# 633444-B21 includes the full processor option kit. Processor Heat-Sink and VRM (Voltage Regulator Module) where required. Overview:Intel Xeon processor 5600 series automatically regulates power consumption and intelligently adjusts server performance according to application demand maximizing both energy cost savings and performance. Specifications: CategoryProliant Processor Sub-CategoryIntel Xeon GenerationE5603 Part Number633444-B21 Products ID458003 ManufacturerHP Product TypeProcessor Kit Processor TypeQuad-core Clock Speed1.6 GHz QuickPath Interconnect4.8 GT/s L1 Cache256 KB L2 Cache1 MB L3 Cache4 MB 64-bit ProcessingYes Process Technology32 nm Processor SocketSocket B LGA-1366 Thermal Design Power80 W


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Marcolin, Rivoli Extend Partnership
The luxury retailer in the Middle East is to take on more eyewear brands.
— Nov 18, 2013
Kering Taps Eyewear Executive Roberto Vedovotto
Kering is putting a new focus on its eyewear businesses — and has tapped Roberto Vedovotto who is to start work at Kering effective today.
— Nov 18, 2013
Boudicca, Morgenthal Frederics Team Up on Eyewear
London-based Boudicca — Zowie Broach and Brian Kirkby's cerebral, independent fashion label — has never "forced" category expansion, said Broach.
— Nov 15, 2013
Italia Independent Opens Milan Flagship
The eyewear label founded in 2007 by Lapo Elkann, Andrea Tessitore and Giovanni Accongiagioco, is opening its first flagship here today.
— Nov 13, 2013
Safilo Swings to Profit in Q3
The Italian eyewear manufacturer on Wednesday reported its first third-quarter net profit since 2007 even as revenues in the period remained flat.
— Nov 13, 2013
Italia Independent Sales Soar
The fashion group controlled by Lapo Elkann said that revenues surged in the first three quarters of the year, driven primarily by eyewear sales.
— Nov 11, 2013


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Brass Eagle Stryker Bottle "O" Rings
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You Save $1.00 or 14%
Item # 11407372
Eligible for Free Shipping on Orders $49 or More! (see promotion details) |
Members of The League get 5% back when you spend $100! (see promotion details) |
We Guarantee Delivery before Christmas!
See Offer Details.
Product Details
Keep your paint gun in shape with Brass Eagle Stryker "O" rings. It allows you to repair cylinder to marker leaks after shooting, as well as replace broken and cracked "O" rings. This product fits all paintball CO2 cylinders.
Features- Replaces broken and cracked "O" rings
- Repairs cylinder to marker leaks
- Fits all paintball CO2 cylinders


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Freight Shipping
Marvel 6.1 Cu Ft Built-In Undercounter Refrigerator
The Marvel 6.1 Cu Ft Undercounter Refrigerator features MicroSentry technology. With Marvel's MicroSentry™ refrigeration monitor, you have the controls at your fingertips to ensure your food is fresh and properly preserved. The MicroSentry™ operates in real time to actively maintain optimal preservation conditions while monitoring critical components, including door ajar and over/under temperature conditions.
Looking for the ultimate party host helper? Complete with door shelves and two wire interior shelves, this 24-inch wide model provides a generous 6.1 cubic feet of refrigerated space. The Marvel (61AR) built-in all refrigerator is a excellent choice for prep zone or bar area use. This unit comes with two attractive adjustable wire shelves large enough for casseroles or 18" party trays, wide in-door shelves, and a roomy top shelf for large items.
Large Capacity:
The 6.1 cu. ft. capacity of this unit will store up to 190 canned beveragesAdjustable Storage:
Along with two adjustable wire shelves, this unit also features three door shelves for ample storageBuilt-in Construction:
By eliminating the condenser coils found on the back of common compact refrigerators, Marvel units can be totally built in, while other compact refrigerators will require unsightly gaps at the top, sides or back for proper ventilation
- Click here to view the EnergyGuide for this model (pdf)
- Get Adobe Acrobat Reader.
Please note, Adobe Acrobat Reader is required to view pdf files.
Usually Ships in 3 - 4 Weeks
This item ships via Freight Line Carrier Delivery times related to this ship method are usually between 3 to 7 business days once the item leaves the warehouse. We will forward tracking information to you once the product leaves our warehouse. The shipping company will contact you to arrange a delivery appointment as a delivery signature is required. All deliveries will occur Monday through Friday. Order must be fully processed by 12pm CST to be eligible for "Guaranteed Same Day Shipping." Orders processed after that time may ship out the following business day.Freight Line items will be delivered to the first ground floor exterior door available provided there are no stairs to ascend or descend. If you require inside delivery you will need to select the premium shipping option in checkout. To determine if the item is eligible for premium shipping please add it to your shopping cart and view the shipping options drop down box. Please contact our customer service department with any questions related to shipping at (800) 297-6076, M-F, 8am to 5pm CST.


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1 Meetup Group matches "Japanese Language Study Group" near Southaven, MS
The purpose of this group is to meet in person in order to learn and play the 4,000 year-old strategy game known as Go (in Japan and the Western World), Wei qi (in China and Taiwan), Baduk (in Korea). Beginners and kids are welcome! It only takes one minute to learn the rules! Fun & Free online tutorials: http://playgo.to/iwtg/en/, http://senseis.xmp.net/?WhatIsGo Ever heard of "Hikaru no Go" or seen the movie "A Beautiful Mind"? If so, then, you may already be familiar with the game of Go. G …
Get an alert email when new Meetup Groups like this start near you.
You'll get advice, help finding members, and tools to make running a Meetup Group easier.


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Get updates on Amnesty's work to protect human rights worldwide.
Imprisoned teachers Hadi Rashedi and Hashem Sha'bani Amouri, have been transferred to an unknown location, which suggests their executions may be imminent.
Support human rights with a donation to Amnesty today.
Jailed for doing the Harlem Shake in 2013? See what else is a crime in Russia.


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Pursuing a career in the insurance business can often be met with a roadblock in securing a license to sell your policies. There exists various types of agent or broker licenses needed in order for you to be able to kick off selling health, life or real estate insurance and be able to collect monthly premiums from your clientele. Besides having knowledge about the insurance market, a broker must also be able to formulate insurance policies himself or herself that will suit the needs of your customers.
Investors Looking at VOIP Solutions
Can you still make money investing in old school technologies? I like to find off the beaten path types of investments because almost no one else is investing in those types of businesses. Recently I was talking to a guy about investing in companies that sell hosted pbx solutions. I know what you're thinking… Aren't PBX solutions dead?
How to Start a Business in the Cayman Islands
Starting up a business can be a very daunting experience if you do not have the competent knowledge and the methods of what should come first as a priority. Even if you do manage to find simple solutions on how to start your business you will be faced by a multitude of compulsory obligations to comply with all that is needed in terms of paperwork and the needed time and effort to get your business started. Of course we are talking about setting up a business in a local setting. But what if by some chance that you decided upon setting op a business away from your locality or even in another county?
If setting up a business can be as task consuming as it already is, what more if you had to start a business over seas? According to Ken Dart, owner of Dart Realty Cayman, a residential and commercial property developer that is based in the Cayman Islands, recounted the time when their business first started out in the island nation, almost 25 years ago. Ken Dart said it was essential to know all the distinct details of how a business should start in a foreign country such as this. Knowing the proper policies that govern business standards and regulations is the first important step before a business can begin here.
Deciding on the proper organizational structure whether that be sole proprietorship or partnership can be a guiding basis on how to properly declare to the local government your business interests in the Cayman Islands. It should be noted that the Cayman Islands is one of the few places in the world that is exempted from any obligatory taxes that involve companies in declaring their assets and liabilities. Here are a few basic pointers in how to start investing and eventually set up a business endeavor in the Cayman Islands.
Obtaining a Trade and Business License:
If you are a foreign investor that wants to set up a business in the Cayman Islands, it is standard regulation to acquire a trade and business license if the company that you are setting up does not involve any partnership with any incorporated local business shareholders. As it is applicable to almost every part of the world, as foreign investors are required to incorporate partners that constitute a 60% partnership with local shareholders. A definition of the nature of business that will be established will mean having the need for it to be inspected, in the case of a restaurant business, the submission of the floor plans which include electrical, plumbing and other sorts of structural renovations are needed prior from approval.
Immigration Work Permits for Foreign Employees:
If you plan to bring in employees from outside of the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands, it is suggested that you apply for the proper working permits to ensure the legality of your employees status during their time of working for your business. If in the case that you will not be able to find a local Caymanian to address the skills needed in your job requirements, the board of immigration will evaluate and review your request for applying for the proper working permits that will enable you to take in outside workers.
License to Operate on the Registered Business Address:
It should be noted that there are only two categories of establishments that are classified accordingly in regards to the policies of the Cayman Islands government, office spaces and retail spaces. Residential establishments can not be legally registered as a place in where you could start up your business unless you are the owner of the property or should ask permission from the owners themselves and only by then that the government will approve it. The trade and licensing board does not recommend the use of residential establishments as a point to do business activities.
Applying for the Basic Amenities Such as Electricity and Communications:
The Grand Cayman Islands has a very excellent and stable source of the basic amenities such as electricity and communications. Communication facilities that provide phone lines, cellular mobile services and Internet are of European standards. Electricity is also stable and there are no frequent occurrences of power outages except on occasions of bad and stormy weather. Basic utilities cost are very reasonable and affordable as well.
How to Slash the Interest You Pay on Your Mortgage
For most people, their home is the single largest asset they own. And not surprisingly, the mortgage loan is the single largest debt. Paying your mortgage off early means that you pay less interest. This strategy for an early pay off is not as difficult as one might imagine if you implement the appropriate steps early on. Here are three ways to pay your mortgage off early.
1. Bi-Weekly Payments – Many lenders will allow a homeowner to make bi-weekly payments on the mortgage. This method, if implemented early in the loan, can take many years off the mortgage resulting in savings on interest and a fully owned home.
For example, if your monthly is $1500 per month, you would be paying $18,000 per year. If you paid $750 every two weeks (like most people are paid by employers), you would be paying in $19,500 per year and thereby retiring the mortgage earlier and reducing the total interest paid to the lender. A little bit can go a long way when it comes to a 30 year mortgage with interest.
2. Refinance to a 15 year Loan – By refinancing a 30 year mortgage to a 15 or 20 year mortgage, the borrower saves a tremendous amount of interest on the loan. Although your payments will be higher, shorter term loans usually qualify for a lower interest rate. If the lender would then allow a bi-weekly payment plan on the new shorter-term mortgage – the loan would be retired even earlier, thus saving even more interest charges.
3. Make extra income and put it towards mortgage payments – A strategy that many individuals are actively using in today's uncertain economic climate is to build a side business or home-based business around family and work commitments. Australian website, the Home Business Hub has written some fantastic articles with loads of tips and advice about how to make extra money by working from home or through a home based business.
Although it is a great feeling to retire a mortgage early, the borrower needs to remember that other loans with higher interest rates should be retired before spending disposable income on retiring the mortgage that would be at a lower rate. Credit cards, personal loans and car loans often have a higher interest rate. These types of loans should be paid off first, for example.
Dentist Salary and Workload
Being a dentist has flourished into a noble profession over the past decade and is still rising in popularity as a preferred vocation. Compensation falls under the category of medical practitioners. This is among the top tier earning group internationally.
The median annual incomes usually have factored in perks like tips, bonuses and overtime hours. In general the highest paid professionals are in Canada, the UK, US and Australia.
The seniority of a dental hygienist also dictates the pay scale. The levels are,
- Entry level (0-5 years)
- Mid career (5-10 years)
- Experienced (10-20 years)
- Late career (over 20 years)
Location of practice affects the pay level. Fast-paced metropolis practitioners enjoy higher incomes compared to those in mid-size cities and towns. London, Sydney and New York attract agreeable competitive rates.
Running your own private practice pays more than public health or community dentistry.
The area of expertise involves various pay scales. Areas are:
- General practice
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery
- Prosthodontics
- Orthodontists
Surgeons are the highest paid.
Dentist earnings in Canada
Licensed graduate dentists earn up to $132,000 annually (2011). This rate translates to $70 per hour. The average exceeds those of the US or even the UK. This may be attributed primarily to the strengthening dollar. The upshot is frequent wage rises of up to 15% every year.
Earnings in the US
Annual pay is $162,000USD (as of May 2011) c/o Bureau of Labor and Statistics.
Earnings in the UK
The average is $89,000GBP annually, working out to an average £48 per hour.
Australian dentist median wage
The Australian Bureau of Statistics puts the mean annual starting salary of a Bachelors degree graduate working full time at $52,000 dollars according to www.dentalhub.net.au.
Other benefits of becoming a dentist
- The working hours are quite flexible as you get to chose them. One can extend their operation into weekends and holidays or even work part time for only a few days in the entire week.
- There is a somewhat increasing importance to the status of a dentist. Many communities place huge importance on all kinds of medical practice. This in itself is a huge career motivator.
- Private practice is popular as it gives the dentist full control in the work place. It gives the dimension of managing your own business. Freedom extends to designing, hiring and monitoring the financial performance of the business.
- There is also greater choice in regards to the dental philosophy in use and other professional capacities. This leads to the realization of self-respect and overall comfort.
- Market demand for dentist is high and still building. This creates job security and a guarantee of a steady stream of clients.
- Practice involves restoring people's self confidence through elevating their hygiene standards. This creates a feel good boost in other people.
- Dentists work closely with their patient and staff due to the nature of the job. This enables them to build long term relationships with their clients and partners.
- A practitioner has the option of practicing and teaching residents at a facility. This facilitates more career options as well as diversifies the revenue stream.
International Client Base? Car Finance Options In Australia
When it comes to car finance, there are different options available and for perspective, and certainly for those CPAs that are dealing with international client bases, today we are specifically looking at vehicle financing options available in Australia.
These options are available in two major types, car finance and loans for individuals and car finance and loans for businesses.
Some of the car finance options available include:
Finance lease or car lease
This option enables an individual or business to use a vehicle while the financier retains the ownership of the car. The car is purchased by the financier who then leases it to the customer at a fixed lease rental fee for the period of lease.
When the lease period expires, the customer can take ownership of the vehicle by paying the final installment or residual value or can extend the lease.
This option is good since the terms of contract are flexible, it has fixed interest rate and monthly lease rental and the final costs are known prior to the lease. However, the financier retains the ownership of the vehicle and it mainly suits those using the vehicle for income generating purposes.
Commercial hire purchase
This is a commercial finance product in which a customer hires a vehicle from a financier for a certain period of time and pays a fixed monthly repayment. The customer enjoys the use of the car but the car ownership is retained by the financier.
When the contract ends and the customer have paid the total vehicle price plus the interest charges then the ownership of the vehicle shifts to the customer.
The benefits of this option are fixed interest rates, fixed monthly payments and fixed terms of contract among others. However, it is quite expensive considering the interest paid and may also not suit those using the car for non-income generating purposes.
Chattel mortgage
This is a commercial finance option where a financier gives loans to a business to buy a vehicle and the loan is secured with a mortgage over the car or vehicle. The benefits of this option include flexible terms of contract, fixed interest rates and monthly repayments and the customer take ownership of the vehicle upon purchase.
However, the interest rates may be high making the total cost to be higher.
Novated lease
This is a three way agreement i.e. employee, employer and finance company in which an employee leases a vehicle (car lease) and the employer takes on the obligations of the employee under the lease and pays a monthly rental lease. This is normally deducted from the employee's income before tax.
It enables the employee chose a car of his or her choice among other benefits. However, any extra expenses are normally passed to the employee thus may be expensive at the end.
Other forms of car finance option that can be used include personal loan where the financier lends money to the customer to buy a car without taking any security. A car loan is where financier lends money for the purchase of the car and uses the car as security.
A novated lease that is fully maintained is where the employer leases the vehicle to the employee and the lease payments are deducted from the employee's income before tax. These different forms of car finance options suits different needs thus a person should check for the best option available that will suit him or her most.
The image used in this article was sourced from car finance website www.ryda.org.au, which is a car-related website that features car finance and loans information, reviews and much more.
Car Resale Factors
Are you one of the growing number of car owners who like to change their cars as often as they change their cellphones? Your game plan probably involves eventually selling your current car and using the proceeds to make a down payment on a new one. If you are, you definitely want your car to fetch as high a price as possible.
Since a car's value goes down fairly quickly, you have to work at keeping its resale value up. With this aim in mind here are some things to consider:
1. Consider depreciation. It is a major factor in a car's resale value. The minute you drive your car off the manufacturer's lot, it immediately loses at least 9 percent of its value, and with each year that passes, its value goes down 15 to 25 percent. Do your research first before making a decision on what car to buy, and keep your ear on the ground for consumer trends. Each year there will be models that are projected to retain their value more than others.
Five years down the line, the car brands that have long-standing reputations for durability and reliability tend to have a higher resale value than the newbies. German cars such as VW's, Beemers, and Benzes tend to score more residual value and used car buyers are willing to pay much for 5-year-old models of these than 2-year-old Fiats or Toyotas.
2. Consider your capacity to maintain your car. Commit to take care of your car and keep it in good shape, and you will be rewarded when the time comes to sell it, especially if you plan to do it on the tail end of the first 5 years. The older a car gets, the more important role maintenance plays in its value. Make sure that your car doesn't show too much wear and tear — the more pristine it stays, the better.
3. Consider the preferences of your car's future owners — that is, if you're buying a new car with an intention of selling it in the future, think about what they want. The best hatchback cars (check it out) are people pleasers, and if they're well maintained, there will always be a market for them. You may want to stay away from the flashier models and stick to the ones with more mass appeal. You may also have to rein in the urge to "make it your own". While tweaking its features — custom paint jobs, lowering it — may give it some personality, some flash and sass, and earn you points when you take it to the streets, too much of that individuality can be bad for resale value. The more "upgrades" you give your car, the more you narrow down the number of potential buyers to the people who share your tastes, and taste is very much an individual thing. Not a lot of people want a pink car, or one with ostrich leather seats. So stick to the safe and generic with considerable longevity.
Getting You Company Mobile: A Guide to Office Trailers
There's many reasons why you and your company might need an office trailer. Although they're most commonly associated with construction sites, and they are perfect for on-site use, a good office trailer can be a real life-saver in a variety of different situations. Temporary medical services and offices and schools undergoing refurbishment are two prime examples of when a good prefab structure can come in handy. Most people rent, but they can also form a cost-effective storage solution for businesses with little on-site office space. This short article offers a brief overview of the different types of trailers that are available to buy and explores some of the benefits of renting a portable trailer. Once you've decided on which option you want, we recommend using OfficeTrailerPros.com, who've got some great deals on office trailers right across the board.
Still not made your mind up? Here are some of the advantages of using an office trailer over on-site construction. The first and most important point is that they offer a much better return on investment. If you are using your trailer on a construction site, building time can be reduced significantly and renting will reduce the overall cost of the project. Another major benefit for many business-owners is that the prefab buildings can easily be transported to remote locations for temporary use. They also form one of the most environmentally-sound short-term office solutions available, being made (usually) from exclusively reusable and recycled materials.
The sizes of almost all trailers are measured in feet. On the smaller end of the spectrum, a trailer will measure around eight by twenty feet (around 160 sq. feet of floor space) and house around two to three people or one large single office. Even the smallest trailers will be fully fitted with air conditioning and electric heating. The trailers go up in size increments from this point. At a slight increase in size you can get a trailer fitted with two separate offices and a restroom. Office space increases as you go up in price. At the far end of the spectrum you can get trailers in excess of thirty by fifty feet. These can house more than ten people. All trailers will have windows, secure doors and can be fitted with interior wiring for communication. You can also rent or buy a storage trailer, which is a basic trailer without any office fittings.
If you have a bit more money to spare you can always buy a luxury model. For some of the higher-end office trailers check out Los Angeles office trailers. There's been reports of certain prefab trailers made to include hot tubs, wide screen televisions and even a bar. Whilst you might not want to be this excessive, if you are going to be using your trailer for an extended period of time it can't hurt to investigate the more expensive side of the market. Spacious and well-designed trailers that include all the amenities you need will be much better suited for longer-term use and less prone to issues down the line.
Scams: Binary Options Traders Beware
Traders, who trade in the binary options, should be aware that there are a lot of scams out there. A lot of people have already lost a big amount of money because they easily trust people and do not do prior research before hiring. What can you do as a trader to avoid these scams?
Let me count the scams…
There are a few scams out there that you, as a binary options trader, should know so that you can avoid them happening to you.
- Unpaid traders – the most common scam you can find online is when brokers happen to have not paid the correct amount, if all, of the traders profit. It could be money management on behalf of the broker or it is really a planned deal to take away the profit. What you can do to prevent this happening to your binary options profit is to read social media or make a quick background search on the name of the broker. You can definitely find something in search engines or social media if he did not pay his recent traders. Facebook can reach millions of people in a minute – if he has history, you would be able to know.
- Withdrawal problems – you have been scammed if you find yourself not being able to withdraw your profits on time. Some brokers do have a verification process to make sure they provide money to the correct person, but this too, can be stalled with reasons such as "I never received the verification" or "The verification was incorrect" or other fictional stuff that can only smell of dirty scam.
- Asset Value Scam – this one is harder to find, especially if you are new to the binary options trade. The broker might come up with a story that the trade ended and provide you with data that looks absolutely true and legal. But then, on a double check, a trusted source of data would show that the trade ended with a different asset value. Novices will not be able to tell what hit them when they find out.
- Time Frame: Wrong – new traders of binary options could be tricked of having to deposit funds or assets in their account within a 24 hour time frame or else the deal will not be closed. This is not so. Some deals have specific time frames that can be within the day, a week, or a month. Traders have to make sure they recertify the time frame, or else they might just lose a couple of dollars just because they did not double check.
- Goodbye, Broker – probably in worst-case scenarios of a scam is the complete disappearance of your broker, along with your profits and deposits. In this case, you can either try to locate the broker or you have to accept you have been made a laughing stock by one broker hiding somewhere.
During the peak of business, it is necessary that you get your cool together and think straight. In a world of social media and easy background checks, you can avoid scam totally had you taken precautions and listened to other traders.
To avoid being scammed, you should start trading binary option with Banc De Binary – the world's first regulated broker. Most traders and brokers recommend this site. There are countless independent reviews of the company on the internet that are also well worth reading to help you come to a smart investment decision.
Accounting Practice Sales
Tips on Selling your Accounting Practice
Looking for a career change? Wanting something new in your life? Are you looking to sell your accounting practice? If so, there are a few things you need to know before you start the process to ensure the greatest success of your sale.
Things to Know
There are a few common misconceptions that people believe when selling their firm—quite frankly they aren't true. Here are some of the more popular ones that you should think of when selling your accounting practice.
The best buyer isn't always another accounting firm. This is a common belief that many accounting practice sellers have. The future of the accounting firm can be helped by many other buyers. As an example, an existing firm may not have the time or resources to manage the additional firm. Those selling a firm are typically leaving the accounting business, so they aren't taking their clients with them. A typical firm usually doesn't have someone to allot to take over the new business acquisitions.
Selling price determines the value of the practice. This is very far from wrong. Selling an accounting practice is very similar to selling a house—the markets can vary from location to location, and just because it sells for one price, does not mean that is its value. Keep in mind a variety of variables when selling your practice such as clientele, staffing, assets, and other aspects of your business. Be sure to not sell your practice too cheaply however—looking for sales assistance is often a good choice for selling your practice. Also, don't waste your time with buyers who aren't even qualified for buying your practice—look for serious buyers with serious intentions.
Buying an accounting practice is a very specific sales market, so often times there won't be many potential buyers. Be sure to start carefully planning your business transition after retiring well before the day of retirement. Most accounting firms take 5 to 10 years to research buyers and come to an agreement on the sale of the practice. The earlier you start, the higher likelihood of a successful sale.
Accounting practice sales are different from other business sales, and is a very specific market. Often, in a city of millions, there may be only a hundred or so potential buyers. In other places there is a considerably fewer number of potentials, so it is important to start early and thoroughly go through the process of the sale.
Owner transitions are often difficult, and early planning and contact can help with that difficult transition. Smooth communication and contact can help with the sale, making the process as stress-free as possible.
What this means
Remember, previously established accounting firms may not be the best buyers for your accounting practice. They may not have the available resources to properly run and manage your firm, which will quickly terminate your practice that you worked so hard to build up. Research is key—thorough research is the best way to find the perfect buyer for your practice.
Silver Quarters: Easiest Way To Get into Silver?
Currency relative to other currencies around the world always fluctuates. Once upon a time, our currency was directly based on the physical gold reserve held by the county; however, years ago, Nixon abolished that system to take our country's economy to the "next level." Some people believe it was a good move, but others (many others) believe otherwise. Since that day, inflation has increased tremendously along with the prices of precious metals such as silver and gold. The reason is because no matter how much you can exchange one currency for another, you will always be able to get the most from silver and gold, because the elemental properties that make it valuable never change. If the world and our economy would end as we know it, the first things to be recognized as value will be precious metals and minerals such as gold, silver, platinum, diamonds, etc.
For this reason, many people have sought after investing their cash into silver instead of keeping a digital record in the bank. It is a good investment, because as inflation will forever increase, so will the value of gold and silver. Historically, silver has always increased in value, with huge jumps in value when the population thought that "the world was ending." Looking at the chart below, you can see that silver had two huge jumps in it's history since the US left the gold standard: one was when we left the gold standard and swarms of people bought silver as they thought the system would not work at all the US would default. The second time was just recently after the housing bubble collapsed and we experienced the worst depression since the great depression. However, looking over time the value of silver has consistently increased and we expect to continue to increase.
If you agree that silver and precious metal is a safe investment if (when) the economy crashes again, then you should invest at least 25% of your investment portfolio in either silver or gold. Here, we like silver as it does not fluctuate as much as gold. Also, when we say invest in precious metals, we do not mean ETFs or any other kind of metal related stock; we are talking physical metal. The reason is because if you're going to invest in something safe to avoid the riskiness of stocks, why would you just buy "digital silver," right? That's right. Buy some silver, store it in a treasure chest, bury it under ground and mark the spot with an X preferably on a physical map and not your iPhone (just because it's way cooler).
So how do you go about buying physical silver? There are many retailers out there that sell physical metals that are certified and you can trust their concentration of the metal. Additionally, you can also buy old silver US quarters (pre 1965) that have a 90% silver content. You can learn more about buying silver quarters here and see if going that route will work for you, too. We like this method because it is easy to store and it's kind of fun collection silver quarters in your spare time. What do you think?
Maximizing Tax Deductions for Business Expenses
Let's just skip the witty intro and get right down to business, shall we?
Auto Expenses
Let's just start with the thing we all use, cars. You can deduct tolls, parking fees, and mileage for business use of your car. You may be like the average person, and take the standard mileage rate deduction because, honestly most people find record keeping of mileage to be an extremely tedious and boring task. But, should you actually keep records, you'll find your deduction to be a fair deal higher. Make a record of your mileage, odometer start and finish for each business trip, destination, starting point and the purpose of the business trip, to ascertain it's actually for business (and not time for happy hour).
Cell Phone
If you happen to do some work from home and use your home or personal cell phone for a dedicated business service, you may deduct the portion only used for business purposes, but that's still something.
Gift and Entertainment
Client gifts can be deducted, but only up to $25 per gift, so there won't be any car-buying for your clients. Entertainment and travel expenses are probably one of the most well-known things that are deductible; however – you should keep near-perfect records here, and keep a log of all the W's. Who you met, why, where, when, and for what business purpose. Just like English class.
Interest on Loans
You may also fully deduct the interest on loans for your business. Even if you have a loan from a relative, just make sure it doesn't break any IRS rules. Can't be a rule-breaker.. No rebels here.
Even charity is no exception. Just make sure you've got all your receipts, and don't forget to keep good track of your inventory, especially if you donated goods, not cash. Even rent is deductible.
It's a bit late to be discussing this, but I'll go ahead and say it. Don't go putting family dinners into your planner and think you will deduct them later. The IRS requires two things to both be correct in order to deduct an expense. An expense must be ordinary and necessary. Ordinary means it's common and accepted in the industry you're in. Necessary means it's helpful and appropriate for your business. No deducting that killer sound system when you work with accounting. We've covered a fair deal of expenses, so let's cover some things that are not deductible, ever.
What's Not Deductible
I previously said entertainment was deductible, and that's true, but the membership fee isn't. Even if you have to be a member strictly because of business, and only go for business, it's still not deductible. Lobbying expenses, Federal income tax payments, and political contributions are also not deductible expenses. Neither are the penalties and fines you pay when you break the law. I hope you too can learn to really maximize on your tax deductions for business expenses. For further information, check out Edmonton's Benefit Strategies Inc. and their Employee Benefit Edmonton, this one in particular.


text: Lisbon's month of celebrations: June is Festas de Lisboa and during this month of festivities there will be street entertainment, cinema, music and theatre, parades and folk festivities happening throughout the historic districts and all around town. If you like Fado music, there's a Fado festival with the best names in town performing. If you don't know what Fado is, catch a tram along the route of the nº 28 tram and you'll be able to listen to Amateur Fado live, with singers performing … [Read more...]


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Bust Half Dollars were made from 1794 to 1839. All were minted at Philadelphia except in 1838 and 1839 when the New Orleans mint made Bust Half Dollars.
There are sub-types as follows: --- Flowing Hair (1794-1795) --- Draped Bust, Small Eagle Reverse (1796-1797) --- Draped Bust, Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1801-1807) --- Capped Bust, Lettered Edge (1807-1836) --- Capped Bust, Reeded Edge – 50 CENTS Reverse (1836-1837) --- Capped Bust, Reeded Edge – HALF DOL. Reverse (1838-1839).
Bust Half Dollars are extensively collected by date as well as by die varieties.
O-101a. From the first year the U.S. minted half dollars with a mintage of just 23,464. This example is well detailed for the grade with nice steel-gray surfaces. All 4 digits of the date and LIBERTY are readable on the obverse as is the entire legend on the reverse.
CAC. An exceptionally pleasing and problem-free example of this classic early half dollar!
Overton-112. Very attractive for the grade.
CAC approved. A beautiful coin and a very clear overdate. 211,722 were minted but the survival rate was very small.
Pointed 6, Stems. Solid detail from a nice even strike. Pleasing steel-gray surfaces.
Draped Bust. O-110. Pleasing steel-gray surfaces. An attractive example of this early Bust Half 'type'.
Strong detail with nice light color and very clean surfaces.
CAC approved. Sharp detail on the obverse with a bit of softness in the center of the reverse. The pleasing original color and outstanding surfaces are what make this coin special!
Amazingly well struck with incredible reflective surfaces. The luster is intense and mostly white with a very faint golden-gray hue. I remember seeing this coin in the 1970's offered at auction as a Proof! It takes an amazing coin to leave such a long lasting impression!
CAC approved. Square Base 2. A gorgeous coin with fiery mint luster and light golden-tan toning. The strike is sharp and there are very few marks on this very impressive, near-Gem early half dollar!
CAC approved. Square Base , Small 8, Large Letters. O-112. R-3. Well struck and evenly struck with considerable mint luster beneath russet-gold and steel-gray surfaces with a touch of ice blue at the rim.
A fantastic Bust Half with remarkably intense original luster and a needle-sharp strike. The obverse has light iridescent toning of champagne-gold and blue. It has only a few very minor marks. As neat as the obverse is, the reverse is even better. It has a bit less color and is essentially void of marks. This beautiful coin really is a work of art!
Well detailed and attractive.
Small Date, Small Letters. Very attractive multicolor toning over outstanding surfaces.
Very well struck with a nice silver-gray patina.


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Here are military pin and badge which we offer in diverse designs and colors of Army, Navy, Air Forces and more in accessory category. Check out the collection of pins and badges.
Cloisonne Enamel Military Pins
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Cloisonne Military Pins
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Lapel Pins
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Divisa de Seguridad de Metal
$ 34,99


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1978 Ford LTD Sedan 35k documented actual miles. Always garaged and pampered. No damage ever, no rust ever, gorgeous original midnight blue metallic finish.... More
1972 Ford LTD Convertible, A very attractive 2 owner convertible. Originally sold in South Carolina to the original owner, then sold to the last... More
1976 Ford LTD Station Wagon, Interior like new, second owner, I have all service records since new, runs and drives nice. AC works, may need... More
1972 Ford LTD Convertible just out of estate, always pampered, garaged and maintained. 1 correct show refinish with no rust repairs, very straight, excellent... More
1984 Ford LTD Brougham 4dr. sedan, Getting too old to drive - my baby needs a loving home. Garaged for most of life. Treated... More
With a 351 Windsor V8 engine and 3-Speed Cruise-O-Matic automatic transmission, this 4-door sedan is a great driver. It is believed to have an... More


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February 13, 2013
Jake Brown IrishIllustrated.com
Jeb Blazevich has one more visit tour in the works before decision time. Notre Dame will host the four-star tight end for junior day in March. The other five finalists can expect spring visits too. ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now for a FREE Trial
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Getting creative could not be easier! Aquarelle is a brand new watercolour craft concept, which is simple yet extremely effective. The technique helps you create perfect works of art ? every time. The watercolour canvas is pre-printed with a thin white wax outline, which acts as a guide for the picture and prevents the colours from "running". Once you've completed your design, the wax design becomes a perfect white outline, showing all the detail in your painting. The unique liquid watercolour ink allows you to mix just about any colour you can dream of. Either the follow the colour guide included in the box, or if you are feeling really creative, you can always mix up your own blend of colours. The set contains three canvasses, a double ended paintbrush with two strengths, liquid ink, pallette and a pipette.
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Karte und Wegbeschreibung für Sarihan Cave Hotel
Karte und Wegbeschreibung
Arriving by bus: Several bus companies provide direct serv?ces to G'reme from most major centres. Travelling buy bus in Turkey is clean, comfortable, affordable and is a convenient way to get to Goreme.
On arrival at Goremes otogar you can ask for a map and directions at our tourist information office located in the otagar or simply call us for a free pick-up. We are located only 3 minutes walk from the otogar - ask at the tourist office how to find us.
Access by car: Goreme is approximately 7-8 hours drive from Istanbul or four hours from Ankara and is clearly signposted in the Cappadocia region.
Access by plane : You can access Goreme from two nearby airports; Nevsehir tuzkoy airport(40km/s from Goreme ) or Kayseri erkilet airport (ASR) (80 km/s from Goreme) if you plan to use either of these airports there are frequent shultle services that we can arrange in advance for you'Let us know when making your booking if you would like us to organise a transfer.