Background A screening tool for narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) in older adults is lacking. Objective The study aimed to develop a screening tool for detecting symptoms of the NPD and to validate its psychometric properties in older adults. Methods This Narcissistic Personality Screening Questionnaire (NPSQ) was developed by constructing items based on DSM-5 criteria of the narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). A literature review regarding the signs and symptoms of NPD was conducted. Interview with NPD patients, the patients' key informants, and a focus group discussion among psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses and psychiatry residents who have experience in working with patients with NPD were performed. After the items were created, the content validity index (CVI) by 1 psychologist and 1 psychiatrist was analyzed. A field trial was conducted among older adult patients visiting the psychiatry and the cardiology departments at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai hospital between March and April 2021. The internal consistency using Cronbach alpha was analyzed. Item hierarchy, item difficulty, and item fit was also calculated using Rasch analysis. Qualitative information was analyzed regarding language use and time to complete the test. Results Originally, a total of 80 NPSQ items with 4-Likert scales i.e., strongly agree, moderately agree, slightly agree, and disagree were generated. The CVI was 0.75-1 for item-CVI and 0.89 for scale-CVI. The NPSQ was examined among 30 Thai older adults with a mean age of 70.76 ± 6.23 years. The percent of missing items of all 80 items ranged from 2.9% to 8.9%. Cronbach's alpha for the 80-item NPSQ was To determine the correlation of hippocampal volume with Mini-Mental State Examination 0.96. Rasch analysis identified 37 misfitting with a mean square > 1.50, therefore 43 items remained. Person-item map showed a good target between items and sample, even though some items may be redundant. Cronbach's alpha for the 43-item NPSQ was 0.96. Some participants were confused about who the questions referred to, which were then revised before including it in the final draft version. Only one participant did not complete the questionnaire. Conclusion The 43 item NPSQ shows good content validity and an excellent internal consistency among older adults. A study with a larger sample size is warranted.


Under the market economic conditions, "Accounting Standard of Enterprises——Rescheduling of a Debt" has the positive effect on solving dispute over obligation. At the same time, it also produces some negative effect. The above-mentioned phenomenon has been impairing the creditor's interest and worsening the credit crisis. Consequently, creditor and enterprise as debtors must pay close attention to the keen market competition with normal mentality and sense of participation. There are quite a few things to do, such as lessening the dispute over obligation, buying and selling on credit normally, operating steadily and maintaining social unity and stability.


Abstract Continued range expansion of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is exposing new species of soft fruits and berries to potential infestation. Our understanding of cues that drive host-finding and selection in this highly polyphagous pest insect is still incomplete. Fruit firmness influences host choice behaviour by limiting suitability for oviposition and larval development. Other factors such as fruit sweetness and acidity act as cues for fruit ripening. Here we assess the role of these cues and fruit colour on host selection. We demonstrate that the use of objective and nonanthropocentric methods of quantifying colour in studies of colour preference is critical to understanding the cues evoking responses from insects. Acidity but not sweetness increased D. suzukii attraction and larval success. Differences in D. suzukii attraction were most strongly correlated with short-wavelength reflectance (blue, cyan, and green (470–560 nm)). Growers could select for fruit varieties with relatively higher reflectance values upon maturity to reduce susceptibility to D. suzukii.


The cave maps provide information of the cave passage condition. Cave maps are generally used in various studies, such as archaeology, geomorphology, hydrology, and others. In this study, the map used is the basic cave map which is generally used in field surveys. The method used in this research is a map literature study which is then followed by a field survey to observe the real conditions. After doing the observation, the next step is interpreting the cave map, digitizing on screen, and doing descriptive analysis. The results of this study show that there is a variety of information presented in the cave map, including the condition of the cave related to the cave passage segment, the overall pattern of the cave passage, and quantitative aspects in the form of passage length, passage depth, cave passage area, and the cave area itself. Potentials that can be seen with the cave map are subterranean rivers and the presence of cave ornaments. And by looking up the map, the information about the dangers in cave exploration related to the dangers of collapse, flooding, landslides/erosion, and low oxygen will be found out.


Subtilisin DY as well as alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis 41 p catalyze the hydrolysis of (1SR, 5RS, 6RS, 7RS)-7-acetoxy-6-acetoxymethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one (rac-1) with practically useful enantio- and regioselectivity. Under the hitherto found optimal conditions (1S, 5R, 6R, 7R)-7-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one (4), an important intermediate in prostaglandin syntheses, could be prepared in a yield of 16% with an enantiomeric excess of 99%. The enantiomer (ent-4) was obtained with the same enantiomeric excess in 20% yield. The chemical yields are related to the racemic starting material rac-1.


Bourgeois analyses works by four artists: an installation by Whiteside and photographs by Thomas, both of which deal with monuments in Ottawa (one in relation to language and human rights, the other highlighting the historical role of First Nations peoples); a video installation by Barak and Billings that refers to the "language" of birds and our anthropocentric view of nature. Biographical notes on artists and curator; list of works (3 p.).


Cells ofTetrahymenamay produce autocrine signal molecules with effects on survival and proliferation. Here we have tested the effects of human recombinant and bovine insulin, and the B22–B30 fragment of bovine insulin over a wide range of concentrations (10−5–10−18m) on cell survival and proliferation in a synthetic nutrient medium. The cells were grown in conical flasks at low initial cell densities (40 and 400cells/ml). Insulin prevented rapid cell death and/or promoted cell proliferation over two separate concentration ranges: down to nanomolar levels and again in the low pico‐ and femtomolar range. At an initial population density of 400cells/ml the cells multiplied at both concentration intervals. At 40 or fewer organisms/ml the cells multiplied in the high concentration interval, whereas in the low interval they survived for about four times longer than those in the control cultures. B22–B30 added to cultures of 40 initial cells/ml produced a stimulation of cell survival in the low pico‐ and high femtomolar range. In the presence of hemin (50nm) cells at 400 initial organisms/ml multiplied at insulin concentrations down to about 3nmand again from 300amto 10pm. In some cases, hemin plus insulin activated cell proliferation between the two concentration intervals as well. At 40cells/ml the cells not only survived but proliferated in the femtomolar range. Cells in cultures supplemented with both hemin and B22–B30 multiplied at the low concentration interval (from about 100fmto 10pm).


Planr macroiossils offcr xn important meins fbr reconstr ctrn!! past lorcst composition in lhe Pacillc Nofrhwcsr. Coniflif foiixge preservecl in sedirnents can bc iLleniific(l to species using charirclefs visible undcr a alissecting microscope. A dichoromous kcy is prcscntcd thit describes these characters uscLl in the idenrificetion of li)ssil conifer foliase irom lrees in westcm Washinqton lntroduction The forests in much of western Washington, Oregon, and British Coumbia are presently dominated b)' conittrs (Franklin and l)yrness 1973). Nuncrous studies havc traced the history of these fbrests since the retreat of Pleistocene glaciers (Hansen 1!47; Huesser 197J, 1977; Mathewes and Rouse 1975; Tsukacla e/ r/. 1981; Leopold et al. 1982). Most of this work has reliecl on fossil pollen preserved in lowland lake and bog secliments to reconstruct changes in forest composition within a radiocarbon dated time framework. onc difficulty with this al]proach has bcen the inability to identit-v certein pollen types to specics. Piceq, Abies, Pinus, and Cupressaceae are sevefal taxa where different species cannot bc distinguished on the basis ofpollen. Specific identifica tions of pollen macle by somc authors have been considered unreliablc folkrwirrp; more thorough analyscs (Mack 1971). Thefefore, recent rvork increasingly relies on macrotbssil rcmains of plants preservecl ir association witlt tlte pollen to distinguish species (Was,vlikowa 1979, Birks ?nd Birks 1980). This technique has levealed some unexpected past species occu.rences, such as the prcscnce of P/cea eflgelmannii Parry and Abies lqsiacarpa Hook. (Nuit.) in the Puget Lo\.'land dur ing thc late Pleistocene (Rarnosk,v 1981). Nlv rcccnt stuclies on Mt. Rainier have suggestcd that past fofest col.nposition can be reconstfticted using macrofossil asscmblages of conifer foliage (Du1]widclie 1983). It was found that coriaceous conittr leaves are frequently well-presefvcd in sediments tiom small ponds at most elevations. Furtl]ermore, since macrofossils are usually identiflablc to species, past floristic changes could be detected even wher], for exampie, scveral species of ,,l&/e.s grew together. In this papef, I present a dichotomous key to the m:rcroscopic fealures of con ittr foliage that is ffequently preserved in poncls in s,'estern British Columbia, \Vashington, anal northern Oregon.


Malleefowl are unquestionably the aberrant megapode: all of the other 21 species live in subtropical and tropical regions, mainly in dense rainforests where the construction of incubation mounds is relatively straighforward. Malleefowl are of particular interest because they have somehow managed to adapt what would have been a life in the jungle to millennia of relentless drying. Coping with extreme climate change is possible but requires sophisticated adaptations. Comparisons with the two more northern megapodes that occur in Australia - the Australian Brush-turkey and the Orange-footed Scrubfowl - provides an assessment of the extent of this adaptation in Malleefowl as well as an opportunity to learn how the other species are faring. Although many megapodes remain seriously threatened, these two Australian species have learned how to live successfully among people, in some locations such as Brisbane, Darwin and Cairns, becoming nuisances in urban areas. Despite its abundance, however, the scrubfowl remains poorly studied. On the other hand, continuing work on the brush-turkey has greatly enhanced our understanding of the species and of many aspects that are common to the family as a whole. Of particular importance is the recent discovery of a specialised form of temperature sex determination in brush-turkeys in which different levels of mound heat result in highly skewed sex ratios. This presentation will review some of these recent findings, highlighting issues of particular relevance to Malleefowl conservation and ecology.


The way we design neighborhoods may affect the level of physical activity that the residents have and their wellbeing. In this study, we explored these interactions between four types of neighborhood designs: traditional development, suburban development, enclosed community, and cluster housing development. Through a questionnaire, we assessed walkability levels for each type of neighborhood design and their relationship with physical activity and the physical mental, and social health of the residents. Findings show that the most walkable neighborhood design is traditional development and this is where most people walk for both transportation and recreation. However, this neighborhood design was also correlated with higher levels of perceived crime and lower levels of mental health. Suburban development showed the highest levels of mental health, while cluster housing showed the highest levels of social interactions with neighbors and perceived safety. Enclosed communities did not show any outstanding wellbeing benefits, including safety. In addition, presence of trees was significantly correlated with recreational walking, perceived safety, and increased social interactions; while incivilities (trash, litter, graffiti) was correlated with perceived crime and lower mental health. Results of this study shed light in some aspects of the built environment that can be used to increase wellbeing. For example, introducing trees and increasing maintenance in walkable neighborhoods may result in healthier communities.


Hop-by-hop data aggregation is a very important technique for reducing the communication overhead and energy expenditure of sensor nodes during the process of data collection in a sensor network. However, because individual sensor readings are lost in the per-hop aggregation process, compromised nodes in the network may forge false values as the aggregation results of other nodes, tricking the base station into accepting spurious aggregation results. Here a fundamental challenge is: how can the base station obtain a good approximation of the fusion result when a fraction of sensor nodes are compromised.To answer this challenge, we propose SDAP, a Secure Hop-by-hop Data Aggregation Protocol for sensor networks. The design of SDAP is based on the principles of divide-and-conquer and commit-and-attest. First, SDAP uses a novel probabilistic grouping technique to dynamically partition the nodes in a tree topology into multiple logical groups (subtrees) of similar sizes. A commitment-based hop-by-hop aggregation is performed in each group to generate a group aggregate. The base station then identifies the suspicious groups based on the set of group aggregates. Finally, each group under suspect participates in an attestation process to prove the correctness of its group aggregate. Our analysis and simulations show that SDAP can achieve the level of efficiency close to an ordinary hop-by-hop aggregation protocol while providing certain assurance on the trustworthiness of the aggregation result. Moreover, SDAP is a general-purpose secure aggregation protocol applicable to multiple aggregation functions.


Now that we are knee-deep in the second session of the 81st Congress, it is timely to review the record and to ponder the performance of the Senate of the United States since it assembled in Washington on January 3, 1949. I confine myself in this article to the upper house of our national legislature because it was the Senate which was in the main responsible last year for prolonging the session for more then eleven weeks beyond the July 31 adjournment date fixed by the Reorganization Act of 1946. The major legislative achievements of the Senate during the first session of the 81st Congress were truly impressive. It authorized the continuance of the Marshall Plan, and approved the refinancing of the European Recovery Program, as well as aid to Greece and Turkey. It voted to extend the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act for three years and to restore its former provisions. It approved the military aid program to western Europe and extended the Institute of Inter-American Affairs. It ratified the North Atlantic Pact and passed several measures designed to strengthen our national defenses. It authorized the President to reorganize the executive departments in line with the recommendations of the Hoover Commission and approved seven reorganization plans, even as it rejected President Truman's plan for a Department of Welfare. It approved the establishment of the new General Services Administration, salary increases for government executives and employees, and extension of rent control. During the first session, the Senate also passed several bills affecting the national economy, including a bill to establish a national monetary commission. It enacted a public housing and slum clearance law, approved $300 million a year in Federal grants-in-aid to state school systems, a school construction bill, and passed bills. establishing a National Science Foundation, expanding the hospital construction program, and providing local health services. It ratified the international wheat agreement, revised the farm price support program, extended and broadened the crop insurance program, and facilitated the fixing of fair acreage allotments for cotton. It increased the minimum wage. The Senate also passed half a dozen bills during the session affecting veterans' benefits, created 27 new Federal judgeships, and did its part to grant home rule to the voteless District of Columbia. Although the House did not concur in all these measures, it cannot be denied that the legislative output of the Senate during the session, both in quantity and quality, was of a high order of magnitude. It is not the productivity of the Senate on the side of law-making that I am interested in for this article. It is rather the persistence of certain archaic pro-


This paper argues that migrant remittances can ease government access to capital, generate tax revenue through household consumption, and ultimately allow governments to expand their size. The paper offers three empirical tests. First, using data for 76 developing countries from 1980 to 2007, I find that remittance inflows are associated with greater total government expenditures, whereas other forms of economic integration - especially trade - reflect the conventional view of the constraining influence of global markets. I then explore the possible causal mechanisms behind these results. In the second analysis, I find that remittances are associated with greater tax revenue due to the link between remittances, household consumption, and consumption taxes. These results are robust to using an instrumental variable approach based on exogenous variation in the wealth of migrant host countries. The third test explores the determinants of sovereign borrowing costs in emerging markets and finds that remittances are associated with lower sovereign spreads. The results suggest that private household financial flows can provide financial resources and ease access to credit to governments in developing countries.


This research is a simulation of the penetration of renewable energy at the primary source. The entire system is a compound system, especially on the load. Load types provide different voltage and current treatment. The simulation is carried out with a mini-grid device consisting of five buses with interface sensors to monitor voltage and current. Photovoltaic grid module (PV)-LV as a trainer, uses two power sources to supply the load to the voltage distribution network module. The loading scenario h two plans, where the difference lies in the type of inductive load (scenario A) and capacitive (scenario B). The types of load consist of incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, energy-saving lamps, drilling machines, and soldering tools. Variations in this load to meet predetermined loading scenarios. The PV measurement results show maximum power generation at noon and flowed to the load trainer via a 300W grid-tie inverter of 191.1W. The average load bus voltage increases for scenario A and scenario B by 1.045% and 1.36%, respectively. The result indicates that the integration of PV in low voltage systems positively impacts the voltage profile for both inductive and capacitive loads. The amount of voltage improvement depends on the value of the active power injection of the PV and the load supplied by the system.


ABSTRACT This study attempts to investigate the relationship between the reported test results within educational psychologists' (EP) assessments and the actual provision specified on the Statements of Special Educational Needs issued by a local educational authority within the UK under the terms of the 1993 Education Act. Data were drawn from the EPs operating in both rural and urban areas. A discriminant function analysis was applied to the data which indicated cognitive ability and writing speed assessments were correlated with the provision outcomes of the statementing procedures. The relative insignificance of educational attainments, especially reading scores, in affecting these decisions was an unexpected finding of the study. The results raise the significance of the discriminant function analyses' ability to produce a probability score, given a particular case's test profile, of the most likely provision that will be allocated on the basis of how such profiles have been interpreted in the past. T...


Hollow and hollowed-out Co3O4 nanoboxes (denoted as Co3O4-HHNBs) that assembled by porous ultrathin nanosheets (∼2 nm) have been synthesized through a morphology-conserved transformations of metal-organic framework (MOF) based precursors strategy and then applied to gas sensors. The switching process used a facile two-step approach, including the formation of box-shaped Co(OH)2 followed by thermal conversion to Co3O4-HHNBs. The sensors based on Co3O4-HHNBs exhibit high response with the value of 56.6 to 100 ppm of toluene at 200 °C and 15.9 for ethanol at 220 °C, respectively. The response/recovery time to 50 ppm toluene and ethanol are as short as 10 s/9 s and 0.4 s/0.5 s at 200 °C, respectively. The formation mechanism of Co3O4-HHNBs and the gas sensing mechanism are discussed in detail. Benefiting from the unique structural features, it exhibit high response and ultra-fast response/recovery speed. This synthesis concept of Co3O4-HHNBs may open new avenues to fabricate high performance gas sensor by carefully controlling the morphology of sensitive nanomaterials.


s of the Speakers / Konusmaci OzetleriInclusion of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) into psychiatric armamentarium has changed not only the quality of life and functioning of patients with severe psychiatric disorders but also public and professional perception of such disorders and antipsychotic drugs. Most unpleasant adverse effects experienced with first-generation antipsychotic drugs (FGAs) for example, depressed mood, cognitive impairment, extrapyramidal side effects, tardive dyskinesia, endocrine and cardiac risks were either absent or minimally present with SGAs (1,2). These positive perceptions on the measures of safety and tolerability as well as accumulation of efficacy data on psychotic disorders and bipolar manic / mixed states along with hard-to-treat depressive episodes increased prescription of SGAs substantially. Consequently, nowadays more antipsychotic drugs are being prescribed on a broader range of psychiatric conditions compared to past (3–5). Roughly, more than three quarters of the prescribed antipsychotics are SGAs and average cost of a SGA is roughly 10–50 times more than a classical antipsychotic (5, 6). These observations and facts on top of global financial difficulties prompted health care systems internationally to search for justifications for use of cheaper treatment alternatives and more cost effective employment of expensive ones (6). As such several recent meta-analyses assessed efficacy, safety, and tolerability of SGAs over FGAs and/or other medications for treatment of psychosis and bipolar manic / mixed states (5–8). A large meta-analysis involving 114 studies compared efficacy and safety of SGAs versus FGAs in treatment of schizophrenia or related psychosis (6). Broad inclusion criteria allowed blind and open, randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with study durations ranging from less than 1 day to 4 years as well as retrospective cohort studies with study durations ranging from 3 to 22 years (6). More than half of the included studies was multi-centered (54%) and supported by pharmaceutical industry (68%). In terms of efficacy moderate strength evidence showed a benefit for risperidone compared with haloperidol on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS); difference was not considered clinically important. S15 Journal of Mood Disorders Volume: 3, Supplement: 1, 2013 - www.jmood.org


The present invention discloses a valve (20), a compact actuator force multiplier (10) and its associated. The actuator (10) and a valve (20) includes a piston head (31, 32) and the force multiplier load beam (52, 53). Belleville spring (81, 82) disposed axially between the piston head (31, 32) and the load beam (52, 53). Belleville spring (81, 82) through (71) to the output member acting valve member (88) in the closed position. When pneumatic pressure is applied to the piston head (31, 32), the piston head (31, 32) motion (45) and against the Belleville spring is transmitted through the force multiplier of the load beam (52, 53) (81 and 82 by the force transmitting member ) to bias movement of the output member (71), so that the valve member (88) can be opened.


SIS was willing to hand them over to military operational control. Section VII remained firmly under SIS control. What made that interesting was that Section VII was expected to operate on British soil, which was typically MI5's domain. Per its design, Section VII would not be active during an invasion, but instead was to mobilize after the fact to carry out partisan-style resistance operations against an occupying German force. It was Section VII that would serve as a British Resistance force in the likes of the French or Yugoslav Resistance. Section VII was designed to operate over the long-term, thus it was imperative that the civilian operatives, both men and women, come from sectors of society that would allow for freedom movement and activity without drawing unwanted attention. Examples of these operatives were medical professionals, shopkeepers, housewives, and teenagers. While Chatterton is not the first to write about the British Auxiliary Units, he builds upon previous works to provide a fresh, updated, and more accurate perspective, as well as contributes to our knowledge of the rather mysterious Section VII. The challenge that any historian encounters in researching these units boils down to their secretive nature during the war. Every civilian participant signed the Official Secrets Act, and it appears that most took their secrets to the grave. Moreover, the clandestine nature of their activities means that the documentary evidence is sparse. Be that as it may, Chatterton does an admirable job of drawing on as many firsthand accounts as possible, with the bulk of his research based on the resources located at the British Resistance Archive managed by the Coleshill Auxiliary Research Team (CART). Beyond the limited resources, another challenge stems from the fact that the secretive civilian units were never called upon to perform the duties for which they trained and prepared. While that was certainly beneficial for Britain, it leaves Chatterton to make assumptions about how the Auxiliary Units and Special Duties Branch would have performed if the invasion occurred. Based on their training and level of commitment, the author is reasonably confident that they would have performed well in their duties. While one can certainly share his optimism, it is impossible to know how these units would have held up under such immense pressure and threat to life. Moreover, all planning assumes an enemy will act in a certain fashion. Had the Germans not acted according to plan, it is anyone's guess how well Britain's civilian defenders would have functioned. Britain's Secret Defenses is an excellent work that adds yet another layer to our understanding of British clandestine operations and creativity during the Second World War. It also sheds further light on Winston Churchill's willingness, if not all-out eagerness, to employ nontraditional resources at a time when Britain's armed forces were ill-prepared for war. Beyond informative, this is a thoroughly enjoyable and engaging read that will appeal to most readers, especially those interested in military studies, World War II buffs, and James Bond enthusiasts.


Redundant basis(RB) multipliers over Galois Field(GF(2m)) have gained huge popularity in elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) mainly because of their negligible hardware cost for squaring and modular reduction.Different techniques used so far for theimplementation of redundant basis (RB) multipliers over Galois Field are explored here. Based on review the Word Level Redundant Basis (RB) multiplier is the most efficient among all multipliers in terms of hardware utilization.To obtain high throughput digit serial implementation an efficientrecursive decomposition algorithm was implemented here.The digit serial Redundant Basismultiplication in a bit level matrix vector form is most efficient in terms of area-time complexities. KeywordsGalois Fields (GF (2m)), Redundant Basis (RB) multiplier,High throughput. I.INTRODUCTION Multiplication over GF(2m) is a basic operation frequently came across in modern cryptographic systems such as the EllipticCurve Cryptography(ECC) and error control coding [1]–[3]. Also multiplication over a Galois field can be used to perform other field operations,e.g.division, exponentiation, and inversion [4]–[6].Arithmetic operations in the GF(2m) have several applications incomputer algebra and theory of coding, data manipulations.Multiplication over GF(2m) can be implemented on a general purpose machine, but it is expensive to use a general purpose machine to implement cryptographic systems in cost sensitive consumer products. As compared to the order of GF(2m) the word length of low end microprocessors used in cryptographic systems is too small, therefore,they cannot meet the real time requirements of different applications. Most of the real-time applications, therefore, need hardware implementation of GF(2m) arithmetic operations for the benefits like low-cost and high-throughput rate. There are different types of basis to represent field elements, those are polynomial basis, normal basis, triangular basis and redundant basis,and the choice of representation of field elements has a major impact on the performance of the arithmetic circuits [7]–[9], [15]. Several algorithms for basic arithmetic operations in GF(2m) are suitable for both hardware and software implementations have beenrecently developed. Because of several advantages of the RB based attention in recent years.Like normal basis multipliers, RB multipliers offer free squaring,they also involve lower computational complexity and can be implemented in highly regular computing structures [10]– [14].Several digit-level serial/parallel structures for RB multiplier over GF(2m) have been reported in the last few years[10]–[14].An efficient serial/parallel multiplier using redundant representation has been


Within a pragmatic perspective, metatheoretical theses grounded on identity as sameness, uniqueness, and difference address the inevitability of inequality. Pragmatic meaning, furthermore, is always in the future. Temporal inequality emerges as central to meanings of identity, especially expectations of unequal endtime futures. The experiential mix of cognition and affect highlights an inequality of positive and negative futures, of hope and fear. Following G. H. Mead's adumbration, an emergent cultural turn is to pragmatic cosmopolitan identities allowing for a "both-and" acceptance that affirms self as well as other as a functional basis for cooperative action addressing shared issues.


Health care organizations come in a variety of shapes and sizes and encompass a bewildering array of occupational specialties. Few other organizations can rival their diversity of personnel and organizational forms. In the community hospital, for example, physician specialists, nurses, allied health workers, administrative personnel, and clerical personnel all interact to provide services. These people operate in a variety of disciplinary and interdisciplinary groups, ranging from the traditional functional departments of medicine, surgery, and nursing to the more complex interdisciplinary units such as bum and pain centers, tumor boards, and health care teams. Management of these groups has taken on considerable importance as:


We presented a 70-year-old woman with a 7x7x8 cm painfull and hemorrhagic mass on her scalp in the left parietal region associated with partially defective scalp. The mass has been presented for five years and had increased in size with time, and the lesion has started bleeding in the previous month. Neurological examination was normal. Cranial MRI showed a hyperintense, contrast enhanced mass on the left post-parietal region not extending into the cranium and with no evidence of intracranial meningioma (Figure 1).


Tnis paper presents a Markov Random Field (MRF) approach to the segmentation of underwater images as part of a total underwater imaging system. The system uses image feed forward so that information from previous images can be applied to predict the next image In the sequence. The predicted image is then used within an MRF framework to improve the image segmentation and, in doing so, the algorithm emulates aspects of the human visual system by combining what it sees with what it is expecting to see. The overall method is outlined and the MRF segmentation is given in detail, improvements to image sequence scene interpretation are demonstrated from laboratory and underwater trials.


ABSTRACT: When presented with a hyperthyroid patient, medical treatment should always be instigated prior to surgical stabilisation to reduce the anaesthetic risks involved. However, stabilisation prior to surgery is not always an option owing to cost and the fact that medical treatment may not always be successful. The following case describes an unstable hyperthyroid feline patient undergoing surgery for a total thyroid removal. The surgery was performed in a 'charity' environment and it therefore outlines the essential equipment required when cost is an issue.


Direct exposure to -10 C, in the absence of tissue freezing, causes high mortality in Sarcophaga crassipalpis: this result suggests that injury is due to cold shock. However, brief acclimation at 0 C enables larvae, pupae, and pharate adults of Sarcophaga crassipalpis to survive -10 C. Chilling for as short a period as 10 min enabled 50% of the flies to survive a 2-h exposure to -10 C. Enhancement of cold tolerance was linear over the first hour of chilling at 0 C. The optimal temperature range eliciting the rapid acclimation response was 6-0 C, but the effect could also be stimulated by high temperature (36 C). The rapid increase in cold tolerance correlates with concomitant increases in hemolymph osmolality and glycerol levels. This response suggests a novel role for glycerol in protecting insects against injury resulting from cold shock, although other unidentified mechanisms may be involved in this response. That both nondiapause- and diapause-programmed flies respond to short-term chilling indicates that this rapid response is not part of the diapause syndrome but probably functions in either type of fly as an adaptation to survive brief periods of low temperature.


Studies on mechanisms of beta-adrenoceptor mediated inhibition of colon motility. EK, B. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 1985; 125 5. Drug delivery to the proximal colon. HARDY, J.G., WILSON, C.G., WOOD, E. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 1985; 37: 874. Transcutaneous doppler ultrasound measurement of superior mesenteric artery blood flow in man. QAMAR, M.I., READ, A.E. et al. Gut 1986; 27: 100. Irritable bowel syndrome. Prevalence, prognosis and consequences. THOMPSON, W.G. Canadian Medical Association Journal 1986; 134: 1 1 1.


Goa, the smallest state of India, attracts a number of migrants from other states of India. In fact, the proportion of migrants from other states to total population is highest for Goa among all states at 18.5%. This paper seeks to study the trends in migration for the period, 1971 to 2011. Based on secondary data sourced from the migration tables from Census Reports, it examines the reasons for migration and the trends in male-female and rural-urban migration. The findings are presented in percentages, using tables and graphs. It is found that in Goa, the male migrants outnumber the females. Economic reasons for migration, i.e. work/employment and business, are more important than marriage whereas at the national level, marriage is the single most important for migration. In 1971, urban males constituted the highest group among male-female, rural-urban migrants. By 2011, rural males were highest in number.


One of the non-profit organizations that have concerns in reproductive health education for high school teenagers provides materials about reproductive health on its website. However, it is not accessible for visual impairment teenagers, for example, the picture cannot be read by screen reader software, and the absence of reproductive health learning that specifically for the visual impairment teenagers causes the lack of comprehensive learning and lack of independent learning for visual impairment teenagers. Android-based application of reproductive health learning will be developed to reduce effort such as opening a browser and typing the e-learning address. The application designed to implement multimodal interaction, that can become natural interaction involving several human senses in using applications that offer flexibility, efficiency and the use of a usable environment. The application allows the user to interact through several inputs such as touch, or gesture and get an output as a sound. In this study, the User-Centered Design method had used, so the design can be focused on the user. The user interface model had tested with USE questionnaire parameters that reach an average usability percentage 87.4%, it shows that usability obtained in the excellent category.


Based on sufficient geological and geophysical data in the shallow water oil-gas development area of the Liaodong Bay,a geohazard risk assessment index system was established according to the local potential geohazard types.Tidal scour trough,shoal,buried paleo-channel,liquefaction sand layer,soft layer and shallow gas were identified as 6 indicators.Weight values were determined using analytic hierarchy process(AHP).Then a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was established to quantitatively assess the geohazard risk of the study area.According to the results,the study area was divided into five regions on risk-level.The distribution area of tidal scour trough has the highest risk and the flat shoal is the lowest.The results are consistent with the geohazard assessment made by some construction projects in the study area and will be beneficial to the offshore engineering in the future.


Several architectures and algorithms of feed-f orward networks and neural associative memories as well as GMDH-based polynomial NNs are t ried for proteomic data analysis. The problem of chemotherapy responsiveness prediction b y data of mass-spectroscopy is considered to explore potential applications of different neural p radigms for this domain.


In this paper, I want to share some lessons that I have learned about leadership in educational studies— both from existing theory and research and from my work over the last fifteen years soliciting and publishing autobiographical personal statements of the leaders in many areas of educational studies including history, philosophy, sociology, curriculum, social education, critical pedagogy, gender studies and others. I offer these lessons as informal suggestions for further research on knowledge leadership in education and as useful guidance for young scholars aspiring to knowledge leadership roles. After focusing on knowledge leadership, I take note of some existing theories and suggest that they fail adequately to consider the temporal dimension—the conditions that make for leadership in particular time periods including the present. I then use Kuhn's (1970) paradigm theory as a general frame to account for the temporal factor. I associate knowledge leadership with the shaping and carrying forward of emerging paradigms. I use existing theories and Kuhn's paradigm theory as searchlights to explore recent leadership in two fields of educational studies: philosophy of education and curriculum studies. These explorations are preliminary, but could be readily extended as a useful database on contemporary leaders in these and other subfields of educational studies fields exists.1 Because educational studies as a field aims to add to the understanding and improvement of educational practice, work in the field can be conceived as researchers taking resources (theories, methods, empirical research results) from the research literature and bringing them to existing problems. These may be problems in current research, but unless the field remains isolated in its ivory tower, its cumulative work must eventually engage practitioners (teachers, supervisors, curriculum designers, policy leaders) and lead to practical improvement—resolving problems of practical life.


We describe the case of a 69-year-old female who developed pancytopenia and acute hepatitis as a complication of intravesical BCG instillations for the treatment of bladder urothelial carcinoma. Liver and bone marrow biopsies revealed multinucleated giant epithelioid cells and non-caseating granulomas. Treatment with antituberculosis drugs achieved complete resolution. This case illustrates an infrequent but severe complication of intravesical BCG instillations, whichcan be successfully treated without steroids.


1. Patricia Lockhart Fleming is a professor in the Faculty of Information Studies and the Collaborative Program in Book History and Print Culture at the University of Toronto; Gilles Gallichan is a librarian and historian with the Library of the National Assembly of Quebec; Yvan Lamonde is a professor in the Department of French Language and Literature at McGill University; Fiona A. Black is the director of the School of Library and Information Studies at Dalhousie University; Carole Gerson is a professor of English at Simon Fraser University; and Jacques Michon is a professor in the Département des lettres et communications and a Canada Research Chair in Book and Publishing History at l'Université de Sherbrooke. 2. Unique among national book history projects, its website (http://acsweb2 .ucis.dal.ca/hbicdb/index.html), hosted by Dalhousie University, contains comprehensive bibliographic, geographic, and biographic data about Canada's print culture, from its beginnings in the sixteenth century through the twentyfirst century. The databases will be of interest to scholars in many subject areas as well as to students, teachers, librarians, archivists, and anyone curious about Canadian history.


Variation of the luminescence spectra of Eu-doped GaN with varying Eu concentration ranging from 0.6to8.0at.% was investigated. Eu-related luminescence originating from the D05‐F27 transition of Eu3+ was observed at about 622nm. The luminescence basically consisted of three peaks. The relative intensity of the three peaks changed remarkably at the Eu concentration of around 2.0–3.5at.% which corresponds to a structural phase transition from a single crystalline to a polycrystalline structure. This indicates that the incorporation site of Eu in GaN is very sensitive to the structural properties of the GaN host material.


The study of designing steering control systems for vehicles has attracted much attention, with the purpose of improving maneuverability and stability. Most of the vehicles models used to represent the dynamics were linear ones. Because of this, the control has to be restricted, at least theoretically, within a small range of steering angle, and may not be enough to compensate stability in critical motions. The purpose of this paper is to present a control strategy of the active front wheel steering system to protect the vehicle from spin and to realize the improved cornering performance. For this, the mechanism of vehicle spin behavior is analyzed and explained using concepts of bifurcation theory. The vehicle destabilization is shown to be caused by a saddle-node bifurcation and it depends heavily on a rear tire side force saturation. Based on these observations, the saturation characteristics of rear tires are modeled by a linear function with uncertainty terms of a special structure. Then the linear H/sup /spl infin// control theory is applied to design a front wheel steering controller which compensates the instability against the nonlinear uncertainty.


Background The literature on mentorship approaches to capacity building in global health is limited. Likewise, there are few qualitative studies that describe mentorship in capacity building in global health from the perspective of the mentors and mentees. Methods This qualitative study examined the perspectives and experiences of participants involved in a program of health capacity building in Timor-Leste that was based on a side-by-side, in-country mentorship approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 participants (including Timorese and Australian mentors, and local Timorese counterparts) from across a range of professional health disciplines, followed by a series of member checking workshops. Findings were reviewed using inductive thematic analysis. Participants were included in review and refinement of themes. Results Four major themes were identified: the importance of trust and connection within the mentoring relationship itself; the side-by-side nature of the relationship (akompana); mentoring in the context of external environmental challenges; and the need for the mentoring relationship to be dynamic and evolving, and aligned to a shared vision and shared goals. Discussion The importance of accompaniment (akompana) as a key element of the mentoring relationship requires further exploration and study. Many activities in global health capacity building remain focused on provision of training, supervision, and supportive supervision of competent task performance. Viewed through a decolonising lens, there is an imperative for global health actors to align with local priorities and goals, and work alongside individuals supporting them in their vision to become independent leaders of their professions. We propose that placing mentoring relationships at the centre of human resource capacity building programs encourages deep and transformative learning, and is more likely to lead to long term, meaningful and sustainable change.


The emergence of global environmental problems has close links with energy exploitation. The effects of energy exploitation to global environmental problems are systematically analyzed in this thesis, such as global climate change, acid rain and atmospheric pollution, and marine pollution. Then the author points out: in order to realize the sustainable energy development, it is imperative to coordinate energy exploitation with environment. Protecting environment should be an important component part of energy strategy.


DESIGNING HUMAN-CENTERED COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE Ivor D. Addo Marquette University, 2016 Human-Centered Collective Intelligence (CI) is an emergent research area that seeks to bring together major research areas like machine learning, statistical modeling, information retrieval, market research, and software engineering to address challenges pertaining to deriving intelligent insights and solutions through the collaboration of several intelligent sensors, devices and data sources. An archetypal contextual CI scenario might be concerned with deriving affect-driven intelligence through multimodal emotion detection sources in a bid to determine the likability of one movie trailer over another. On the other hand, the key tenets to designing robust and evolutionary software and infrastructure architecture models to address cross-cutting quality concerns is of keen interest in the "Cloud" age of today. Some of the key quality concerns of interest in CI scenarios span the gamut of security and privacy, scalability, performance, fault-tolerance, and reliability. I present recent advances in CI system design with a focus on highlighting optimal solutions for the aforementioned cross-cutting concerns. I also describe a number of design challenges and a framework that I have determined to be critical to designing CI systems. With inspiration from machine learning, computational advertising, ubiquitous computing, and sociable robotics, this literature incorporates theories and concepts from various viewpoints to empower the collective intelligence engine, Zoei, to discover affective state and emotional intent across multiple mediums. The discerned affective state is used in recommender systems to support content personalization. I dive into the design of optimal architectures that allow humans and intelligent systems to work collectively to solve complex problems. I present an evaluation of various studies that leverage the Zoei framework to design collective intelligence.


Impacts of urban development on aquatic populations are often complex and difficult to ascertain, but population genetic analysis has allowed researchers to monitor and estimate gene flow in context of existing and future hydroelectric projects. The Lower Mekong Basin is undergoing rapid hydroelectric development with around 50 completed and under construction dams and 95 planned dams. We investigated the baseline genetic diversity of two exploited migratory fishes, the Mud Carp Henicorhynchus lobatus (five locations) and the Rat-faced Pangasiid Helicophagus leptorhynchus (two locations), in the Lower Mekong Basin using the genomic ddRAD method. In both species, fish sampled upstream of Khone Falls are differentiated from those collected at other sites, and Ne estimates at the site above the falls are lower than at other sites. This was the first study to utilize thousands of RAD-generated SNPs to indicate that the Mekong's Khone Falls are a potential barrier to gene flow for these two moderately migratory species. The recent completion of the Don Sahong dam across one of the only channels for migratory fishes through Khone Falls may further exacerbate signatures of isolation and continue to disrupt the migration patterns of regionally vital food fishes. Additionally, Hen. lobatus populations downstream of Khone Falls, including the 3S basin and Tonle Sap system, displayed robust connectivity. Potential obstruction of migration pathways between these river systems resulting from future dam construction may limit dispersal, which has led to elevated inbreeding rates and even local extirpation in other fragmented riverine species.


Objective Minimally invasive surgical treatment of urinary stones have become Preferred surgical procedure.This article is to study the learning curve of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL).MethodsBetween May 2004 and December 2009,210 cases of MPCNL in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.According to the sequence of admission,patients were divided into 7 groups,30 cases in each group.ResultsThere were significantly differences in channel set-up time among the seven groups(P=0.000),in which significant difference were found between group A and B(P=0.000),and group B and C(P0.01).No differences were found between group C,D,E,F,and G(P0.05).There were significant differences in operating time among the seven groups(P0.01),in which significant differences were found between group A and B(P0.01),and between group B and C(P=0.018).No differences were found between group C,D,E,F,and G(P0.05).There were no differences in transfusion rate(P=0.496),Stone clearance rate(P=0.243),and incidence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS)(P=0.674).ConclusionMPCNL techniques began to stabilize after 60-90 cases.We believe that after 60 cases,Physicians can carry out MPCNL individually.


A mixture consisting of polymers (a) 60 to 96% by weight of a first elastomeric polymer, (b) 4 to 35% by weight of a second polymer and optionally (c) 0 to 13% by weight of one or more extender oils; wherein the first elastomeric polymer is obtainable by (I) anionic polymerization of at least one conjugated diene monomer and optionally one or more monomers α-olefin in the presence of a polymerization initiator in an organic solvent, and optionally (II) modifying the ends polymer chain obtained in (I) by addition and reaction of at least one compound represented by any of formula (1) to (3) or formula (11) to (15), as defined below; wherein the second polymer is obtainable by (i) anionic polymerization in the presence of a polymerization initiator in an organic solvent (i-1) at least one conjugated diene monomer or (i-2) at least one conjugated diene monomer and one or α-olefinic more monomers or (i-3) at least one or more monomers α-olefin and (ii) modifying the ends of polymer chain obtained in (i) by addition and reaction of at least one compound represented by any of formula (1), formula (3) or formula (11) to (15), as defined in claim 1, provided that, in the corresponding formula, x, x1, r4, t1 and v are selected each of 1 and 2; wherein the first elastomeric polymer (a) having a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 400,000 to 2,000,000 g / mol, and a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 500,000 to 3,000,000 g / mol; wherein the second polymer (b) has a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 500 to 80,000 g / mol and a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 500 to 100,000 g / mol, and wherein the amounts of components (a) , (b) and (c) they are based on the total weight of the polymer blend; (R *** O) x (R **) and Si-SiR ** AS-3 formula (1), ...


Design of a LNA is a complex process. Because it involves various parameters and needs complex trade -offs. This paper presents an optimized design of a low noise amplifier (LNA) using particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. The proposed LNA has a cascode structur e with inductive source degeneration and is implemented in TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The proposed LNA has a forward gain 26.01 dB and NF 0.32 dB at the UMTS standard frequency.


Background
Adherence to clinical practice guidelines is far from optimal for most of the chronic diseases. Spain has implemented a phenotype based chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) guideline and there is scarce data about the follow-up of this guideline. The aim of this study is to evaluate the suitability of the pharmacological treatment for COPD to the Spanish Guidelines (GesEPOC) recommendations in patients with COPD recruited at respiratory clinics around Spain.


Abstract : In the aftermath of 9/11, the United States embarked upon a massive global hunt for terrorists and launched "Operation Enduring Freedom" in Afghanistan. Owing to its geographical proximity to Afghanistan, Pakistan emerged as an ally of the United States in its war against terrorism. Terrorists, having been evicted from Kabul, found the border areas of Pakistan and Afghanistan an idyllic sanctuary to promote future terrorism. During this period, terrorists extended their activities to other parts of Pakistan. At various stages, Pakistan's Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs), Federal and Provincial police, Frontier Constabulary, Levies, Frontier Corps, and Rangers were dovetailed into Pakistani Army operations against terrorists, but their ability to maintain security in their respective areas of responsibility has been questionable. They had neither conducted such operations anywhere in the past, nor were they sufficiently trained and equipped to produce a matching response to the terrorists' inventive and innovative techniques. Notwithstanding the sacrifices of troops employed against terrorists in Pakistan, it is extremely important to objectively review the LEAs' demonstrated training skills and combat worthiness in the country's ongoing counterterrorism campaign. This research focuses on appraising the existing infrastructure of Pakistan's LEAs and their potential to combat the menace of terrorism. Since Pakistan is currently fighting terrorism with the Army in a lead role, the thesis will emphasize the importance of enhancing the capabilities of LEAs other than the military to forestall, prevent, and effectively counter terrorists. The LEAs of Pakistan are a linchpin in the maintenance of law and order in the country, and their restructuring, training, and funding ought to be a priority for the Pakistani government. The authors include recommendations for upgrading the LEAs in Pakistan.


We can find many similarities in Heidi (1881), written by the Swiss author Johanna Spyri, and Kekec na volcji sledi (1922), part of Kekceve zgodbe, written by Josip Vandot in main and side characters and in the cultural context. Those are the main two areas I was paying attention to in this master's degree thesis. The original works were also adapted into film and picture books where we can observe the transfer from one medium to another. The theoretical part starts with children's literature, where I was paying attention to different definitions and problems within the area. Next I wrote about the new area of children's literature, called comparative children's literature. I used the work of an Irish author Emer O'Sullivan. My focus was mainly on multimedia studies of children's literature, where I discussed film as a singular art. I also described the theory of adaptation. In the practical part of the thesis I focused on the cultural context in original works and on similarities and differences between original works and literal (Heidi, 2014; Kekec in Pehta, 2011) and film (Heidi, 2005; Srecno, Kekec!, 1963) adaptations. With that I connected the student's ideas of main and side characters and summarised the main findings about the fact that the student's ideas are more similar to adaptations (mainly film) than to original works.


On 21st September 2007, the worldwideHIV research community received a pressstatement via email from the US NationalInstitute of Allergy and Infectous Disease(NIAID) announcing that immuniza-tions of volunteers in a large, interna-tional HIV vaccine Phase IIb clinical trial,known as the STEP study, had been dis-continued


Biaxial self-reinforced metallocene linear low density polyethylene sheet was prepared by the die with complex stress field in solid state. The result shows that the metallocene polyethylene can be extruded accomplished, the longitudinal yield strength and the transverse yield strength are increased markedly, which there are 5-fold increase in the extrusion direction and the 57% increase in transverse direction, while the tensile strength has little raise. The longitudinal yield strength and the Young′s modulus increase with the draw ratio. The extrusion temperature also affectes the samples tensile properties, surface quality and die swell.


In this article we study the influence of regularly varying probability measures on additive and multiplicative Boolean convolutions. We introduce the notion of Boolean subexponentiality (for additive Boolean convolution), which extends the notion of classical and free subexponentiality. We show that the distributions with regularly varying tails belong to the class of Boolean subexponential distributions. As an application we also study the behaviour of the Belinschi-Nica map. Breiman's theorem study the classical product convolution between regularly varying measures. We derive an analogous result to Breiman's theorem in case of multiplicative Boolean convolution. In proving these results we exploit the relationship of regular variation with different transforms and their Taylor series expansion.


In order to solve the problems of ground treatment for complex soft interlayer of industrial base in land reclamation project,according to the specific characteristics of building structures,replacement detritus pile with dynamic compaction method was further applied to overcome the large scale of differential settlement of the ground,to complete crossbar drainage compacting consolidation and to improve the bearing capacity of bearing layer,good effect was obtained.


The recurrence rate of endometrial carcinoma after surgery plus radiotherapy is low and, in most cases, it occurs within the first 3 years of treatment. The vaginal vault is the most common site of recurrence. Recurrence of endometrial cancer to the colon is very rare. We report a 69-year-old woman who presented with right iliac fossa pain, anorexia and weight loss for five months. She had a history of total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral oophorosalpingectomy for stage IA endometrial carcinoma 7 years ago. Colonoscopy revealed a mid-sigmoid colon stricture suspicious of external compression. A CT scan did not reveal if the tumor was arising from the sigmoid colon or abutting it. During laparotomy, we found macroscopic disease involving transverse colon and small bowel mesentery with an ischemic stricture was found. Bowel resection and total omentectomy were performed leaving no residual macroscopic disease. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed a poorly-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma. Patient recovered without complications and was treated with chemotherapy.


Everybody who has worked with Cisco routers for any length of time has had to ask their friends and co-workers for example router configuration files that show how to solve a common problem. A good working configuration example can often save huge amounts of time and frustration when implementing a feature that you've never used before. The Cisco Cookbook gathers hundreds of example router configurations all in one place.


A 2D-gel based comparative proteomic analysis has been conducted of changes in mitochondrial protein abundances in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells selected for resistance to Adriamycin accompanied by verapamil. We identified and compared 156 unique proteins from 184 spots. Eleven mitochondrial proteins were found with abundances altered more than 2-fold. Transcription was evaluated for two of these, using quantitative RT-PCR. Implications of the changes are considered with respect to drug resistance.


"Truth in Images: From the Technical Drawings of Ibn al-Razzaz al-Jazari, Campanus of Novara, and Giovanni de'Dondi to the Perspective Projection of Leon Battista Alberti." When Alberti justified artist's perspective projection in mathematical and theoretical terms, he relied on a graphic tradition best exemplified not by Euclidean geometric optics, as most commentators would have it, but by technical illustrations used in the creation of exceedingly precise instruments of measure. Long before artists employed Alberti's method of projection to recreate the world illusionistically, late medieval instrument makers were creating drawings that functioned as graphic substitutes for the real thing. Beyond a concern for verisimilitude, however, much broader shared assumptions existed between Alberti and earlier scientists. These assumptions depended on mathematical truth to chart the perfections of time and space. The drawings of planetary clocks, dials, and astrolabes by the fourteenth-century philosopher/astro...


organic thermoelectric device, thermoelectric system, method for manufacturing the device, coating enclosure, enclosure and thermoelectric solar hybrid system # The device comprises:. # - a substrate (S), # - elements of organic semiconducting polymer (E) driver one type of carriers, planar and elongated, and arranged coplanar on the substrate (S), leaving their ends located on two respective opposite ends of the substrate (S), and constituting respectively a cold part (F) and a part hot (C), or being attached or disposed adjacent thereto; # - connection elements (T) interconnecting the elements serially organic semiconductor polymer (E); and. # - a first (U1) and second (U2) electrodes # The thermoelectric system includes two or more thermoelectric devices (D) # The method is suitable for device fabrication # Coating and hybrid system comprising one.. or more thermoelectric devices (D), and closing the casing.


Type IV collagen in Caenorhabditis elegans is produced by two essential genes, emb-9 and let-2, which encode α1- and α2-like chains, respectively. The distribution of EMB-9 and LET-2 chains has been characterized using chain-specific antisera. The chains colocalize, suggesting that they may function in a single heterotrimeric collagen molecule. Type IV collagen is detected in all basement membranes except those on the pseudocoelomic face of body wall muscle and on the regions of the hypodermis between body wall muscle quadrants, indicating that there are major structural differences between some basement membranes in C. elegans. Using lacZ/green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter constructs, both type IV collagen genes were shown to be expressed in the same cells, primarily body wall muscles, and some somatic cells of the gonad. Although the pharynx and intestine are covered with basement membranes that contain type IV collagen, these tissues do not express either type IV collagen gene. Using an epitope-tagged emb-9 construct, we show that type IV collagen made in body wall muscle cells can assemble into the pharyngeal, intestinal, and gonadal basement membranes. Additionally, we show that expression of functional type IV collagen only in body wall muscle cells is sufficient for C. elegans to complete development and be partially fertile. Since type IV collagen secreted from muscle cells only assembles into some of the basement membranes that it has access to, there must be a mechanism regulating its assembly. We propose that interaction with a cell surface–associated molecule(s) is required to facilitate type IV collagen assembly.


This paper proposes two alternative models of intergenerational transfers linking parental investment in human capital of children to old-age support. The first model formulates these transfers as a pure loan contract and the second model as self-enforcing reciprocity. Both models predict neutrality of intergenerational redistribution of resources within the family, also known as the difference in income transfer derivatives property. The two models provide different reasons for the failure of this property, and yield different policy implications for parental human capital investment and provision of old-age support. Specification tests on the Indonesian Family Life Survey data reject the pure loan model in favor of the reciprocity model. The estimated difference in income transfer derivatives for this data is found to be significantly higher than the difference estimated by Altonji, Hayashi and Kotlikoff (1997) for the U.S. PSID data.


Low-field ac screening measurements on YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{delta}} films and (BEDT-TTF){sub 2}Cu(SCN){sub 2} crystals (where BEDT-TTF is bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene), both thought to contain a high density of defects, reveal a diminution of screening and a common extrinsic temperature dependence of the screening length {lambda}. Vortex-core pinning at the defects is shown to give a low-temperature {ital T}{sup 2} power-law temperature dependence to {lambda} that, in contrast to the exponential behavior expected from {ital s}-wave pairing, can be mistaken as evidence for lines or nodes of the energy gap on the Fermi surface.


A discrete-time channel-selection filter with flat passband characteristic that satisfies the LTE specification is proposed. To improve the flatness in passband, a second order IIR filter and a compensation filter are adopted. High stopband attenuation is achieved by using the moving average filters. Through the control of sampling frequency, the proposed discrete-time filter chain satisfies the required specifications for all the channels in LTE. The filter is implemented using TSMC 65-nm CMOS process. The simulation shows that proposed discrete-time filter chain has flatness degradation lower than about 4 dB at passband edge.


Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important causative pathogen of communityacquired pneumonia, particularly among children and young adults. Two major groups of this bacterium, subtypes 1 and 2, are known and the major differences between these groups are variations in the p1 gene, encoding P1 cytadhesin, an essential factor for the pathogenicity of this bacterium (Nakane et al., 2011; Razin & Jacobs, 1992). The variations are observed in two parts of the p1 gene, designated RepMP4 and RepMP2/3. These regions serve as targets for PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis (Cousin-Allery et al., 2000) in genotyping studies (Fig. 1a).


In this article, we propose ways for organizations in Anglophone West African (AWA) countries to tackle their human capital challenges in order to attain a competitive edge and globally position themselves. Human capital is critical to an organization's survival. While organizations in advanced countries are focusing their attention on building their human capital for the sustenance of competitive advantage, those in AWA countries lag behind, leading to poor service delivery and low productivity. Resource-based view and open systems theories highlight the importance of human capital management for organizational effectiveness. The paper adopts a conceptual approach and proposes a human capital centered model comprising six core factors that are vital in facilitating effective human capital management for sustainable competitive advantage. It concludes by emphasizing effective research collaboration between academia and industry in AWA countries and suggests testing of the model in organizations in AWA countries for applicability.


Shock index (SI) is a predictor of hemodynamic compromise in obstetric patients. The SI threshold for action is not well understood. We aimed to evaluate SI thresholds as predictors of outcomes in obstetric patients.


A review is given on the use of the bend elastic chain model for the calculation of physical properties of polymers.


What can school administrators do to ensure that students have appropriate training in the use and application of microcomput ers? Provide inservice training for the teachers, advises this educator, who outlines here the ingredients of a workshop that will help.


Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy (SHS) is a new spectroscopic technique which can obtain high spectral resolution. It combines the advantages of grating and Fourier-transform Spectroscopy (FTS) techniques. The basic concepts and structure of spatial heterodyne spectrometer were described. Spectrometer operating on the SHS principle was presented. SHS system were built and tested in the laboratory, the basic concepts and performance characteristics of the technique were verified. Experimental results showed that the achieved resolving power of SHS system is 17700 at 591nm, and the spectral range is 17nm. Spectral experiments were operated on the SHS system, including laser, continuous sourse, Hg lamp and Na lamp. These experimental results demonstrate the capability of spatial heterodyne spectroscopy in detection of high resolution spectrum.


The primary contributor to seismic anisotropy in deep continental crust is commonly thought to be crystallographically preferred orientation of anisotropic mica and amphibole. The abundance of these hydrous phases is very sensitive to temperature, pressure, and fluid content. Consequently, the thermodynamic stability of these phases provides important information with which to interpret seismic anisotropy in crustal studies. An example is given of the evolution of anhydrous, mica‐absent, lower crustal felsic granulite to a mica‐rich (20–40% mode) tectonite during exhumation along a crustal‐scale shear zone, which should significantly influence the potential seismic anisotropy of the structure. This phenomenon may occur in the Himalayan orogen where a seismically anisotropic layer has been recently interpreted as the Main Himalayan Thrust. The apparent southward strengthening of anisotropy along the thrust may be due to an increase in mica content as rocks in the mid‐crustal channel are hydrated and cool through the granulite‐amphibolite transition.


Dunbar, J. C; and Foa, P. P. (Department of Research, Sinai Hospital of Detroit, Detroit, Michigan): A N INHIBITORY EFFECT OF TOLBUTAMIDE AND GLIBENCLAMIDE (GLYBURIDE) ON THE PANCREATIC ISLETS OF NORMAL ANIMALS. Diabetologia 10:27-35, 1974. Verbatim summary. Tolbutamide and glibenclamide (glyburide) were administered to normal hamsters, mice or rats in daily doses proportional to their body weight and equivalent to those used in human therapy. The animals were sacrificed after six to eight weeks of treatment. Pieces of pancreas or isolated pancreatic islets were incubated or perifused.in a medium containing glucose or tolbutamide, with or without leucine-lC or glucose-U-C. The results indicate that the B cells of sulfonylurea-treated animals synthesized and released less insulin and oxidized less glucose than those of insulinor saline-treated controls. Accordingly, at least in the glibenclamide-treated animals, the tolerance for glucose and the insulinogenic response to a glucose load in vivo were suppressed. Although insular function tended to return to normal after treatment was discontinued, the results reported in this paper do not support the generally accepted view that the lasting therapeutic effectiveness of the sulfbnylureas is due to a beta-cytotrophic action. Federspil, G.; Casara, D.; Pedrazzoli, S.; Sico/o, N.; and Scandellari, C. (Institute of Semeiotica Medica, and Institute of Clinica Chirurgica, Padua University, Padua, Italy): IN Vivo STUDIES ON 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE AND INSULIN SECRETION IN DOGS AND IN MAN. Diabetologia 10:13-17, 1974. Verbatim summary. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) effects on the insulin secretion of anesthetized dogs and of humans were studied. From our investigations the following conclusions can be drawn: 5-HT when injected at a dose of 4.30 mg. into the pancreatic artery, elicits a sharp rise of insulin concentration in pancreaticoduodenal vein; on the contrary, 21.50 mg. of 5-HT is unable to modify insulin release. The infusion in fasting man of small amounts of 5-HT (°° 0.50 p.g/kg./min.) during 1 h, does not alter blood glucose nor plasma insulin levels; a similar infusion, however, increases insulin response after oral glucose load. The results obtained in dogs are in agreement with the idea that 5-HT may modulate insulin release from the pancreas. The results in man suggest that enteramine released by the intestine may increase insulin secretion induced by the ingestion of glucose, through a fine interplay with other gut-factors. Freychet, P.; Brandenburg, D.; and Wollmer, A. (Unite de Re560 DIABETES, VOL. 23 , NO. 6


To the Editor: We read with great interest the recently published article by Xiao et al1 describing the unique pattern of gastric mucosal injury occurring in the context of doxycycline exposure. In this article the authors report 2 cases of gastric ulceration with similar histomorphology and conclude that the unique pattern of findings relate to doxycycline exposure. Their conclusions are supported by clinical-pathologic correlation, which revealed a clinical history of oral doxycycline use in both patients. Receipt and evaluation of both specimens over a 6-month interval appears to have helped the authors in appreciating the unique features and similarities found in these cases, further assisting in rendering the presumptive diagnosis of drug-induced injury due to doxycycline. We were pleased to read their observations as we have recently had a similar experience and have noticed peculiar morphologic traits of doxycycline-related esophageal ulceration. In somewhat similar circumstances we received 2 cases of esophageal ulceration within a 3month interval, and both patients had confirmed doxycycline exposure in the days preceding clinical presentation and endoscopy. We wish to share the unique histologic findings of these cases, which overlap with those described in Xiao and colleagues' article. The histologic findings in our cases were so striking that when the second case was presented blindly to my colleague, he immediately queried if the etiology for damage was doxycycline. The first individual was a 27-year-old woman who developed severe retrosternal chest pain 6 days subsequent to swallowing a doxycycline tablet. The antibiotic was prescribed for a urinary tract infection. Endoscopy revealed severe ulceration and inflammation in the upper esophagus. There was no preexisting stricture. There were no signs of eosinophilic esophagitis. The second patient was a 26year-old man who developed severe odynophagia 3 days subsequent to doxycycline exposure. Doxycycline was prescribed for acne. Endoscopy revealed a proximal esophageal ulcer with heaped edges. The proximal location of esophageal ulcer was deemed clinically suspicious for druginduced insult. In both of our cases, formalinfixed biopsies were processed as per routine protocol, and 4-mm-thick hematoxylin and eosin sections were reviewed. Histologically, both biopsies documented mucosal ulceration exposing inflammatory stroma containing abundant neutrophils, reactive lymphocytes, occasional eosinophils, and rare plasma cells. Most striking was peculiar changes of small-sized to medium-sized arterioles of the submucosa. In both cases there were perivascular zones of edema and reactive fibroblasts forming pale "halos" of stroma, readily visible at low magnification (Figs. 1A, 2A). These edematous halos contained large lymphocytes resembling lymphoblasts such that changes were somewhat reminiscent of the viral cytopathic effect (ie, Epstein-Barr virus). The reactive lymphoid infiltrate produced vasculitic changes with overt endotheliitis (Figs. 1B, 2B). There were no viral cytopathic changes identified, and stains for yeast and fungi were negative in both cases. In our experience, these ulcerations were unique and quite distinct from those encountered in the context of reflux or other suspected pill esophagitis. Upon review of the available literature at the time of evaluation of


This paper expounds the concept of humanistic management, and from two angles of librarians and readers,probes into the application of the thought of humanistic management in library management.


An experiment flow on mission STS 41-G as part of the Canadian complement of experiments was designed to obtain relatively high resolution spectra of the Orbiter glow phenomenon over limited spectral regions centered on prominent upper atmospheric emissions. Observations were carried out successfully at altitudes of 360 km and 230 km although those at the lower altitude were limited by degradation of the image intensifier. Definitive glow results were obtained at the end of a thruster firing which showed the spectrum to be a continuum at a resolution of approximately 0.4 nm centered at a wavelength of 360 nm. Results at other wavelengths in the absence of any firings strongly suggest that the Orbiter glow is a continuum throughout the spectral region 550 nm to 760 nm. A discussion is presented that considers the reaction NO + O2 as being a possible candidate for the mechanism producing the shuttle glow.


In this paper we have proposed a low-cost electrooculogram (EOG) acquisition system that can be used efficiently in Human Machine Interface (HMI) systems. The proposed system consists of an Op-Amp based EEG/EOG amplifier circuit and ATMega8 microcontroller for analog to digital conversion and transferring of acquired data to PC. In this system five electrodes are used to acquire eye blinking, horizontal and vertical eye movements. Electrooculogram signal provides an alternate channel of communication between a human brain and a machine or robot for the people with disabilities which cannot move their hand and/or leg but they can think or they can move their eyes. In this system, the signals are first captured using EEG surface electrodes, amplified, filtered and then converted into digital form before stored into PC.


The development and utilization of China- Kazakhstan transboundary riversin China has been criticised by Kazakhstan and some other countries. However,according to the general international law and special international law,China's current development and utilization are in accordanle with the international law: National sovereignty principle is the most important international law basis,and Sino- Kazakhstan bilateral agreements about the protection and utilization of China- Kazakhstan transboundary rivers is the direct legal basis; China developing and utilizing China- Kazakhstan transboundary rivers also conforms to fair and reasonable utilizationprinciple that is the fundamental principles of international water law andsustainable development principle in international environment law.


In this paper, we propose a new image denoising method based on wavelet thresholding. In this method, we introduce a new nonlinear thresholding function characterized by a shape parameter and basic properties. These characteristics make the new method able to achieve a compromise between both traditional thresholding techniques such as Hard and Soft thresholding. The experimental results show that our proposed method provides better performance compared to many classical thresholding methods in terms of the visual quality of the denoised image. MSC 2010: 68U10, 94A08


The carotenoids astaxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin form high molecular weight aggregates in aqueous solvent systems. The absorption spectra of the aggregates, compared to those of the monomer molecules, show significant bandwidth narrowing and blue shifts of 600–800 A. The resonance Raman spectra of these aggregated polyenes are anomalous in that ν CC occurs near 1518 cm−1 whereas a well-established νCC vs 1/λmax correlation predicts that νCC should be near 1560 cm−1. The Raman and absorption data together demonstrate that strong excited state interactions are taking place and these results illustrate the utility of the resonance Raman technique for recognizing excited state perturbations. Raman excitation profiles (the variation of Raman intensity with wavelength) on aggregated astaxanthin and low temperature (−100 °C) absorption spectra on aggregates of astaxanthin and lutein establish that a pronounced change in vibronic structure occurs upon aggregation. In contrast to astaxanthin or lutein monomers whose electronic absorption spectra are made up of 0–0, 0–1, 0–2,… transitions, only the 0–0 transition is seen in the aggregates. The results are explained in terms of the molecular exciton model.


Teacher training colleges and universities in Zimbabwe currently fall under the Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education, Science and Technology Development (MHTESTD) whose mission is to develop and deliver a knowledgeable and skilled human capital through higher and tertiary Education 5.0, science and technology development using a heritage based philosophy, for the production of quality goods and services. The core values of the Ministry are integrity, humility, innovation and productivity. The philosophy of Education 5.0 system is centred on five pillars which include teaching, research, community service, innovation and industrialisation while the previous 3.0 design was centred on three aspects which are teaching, research and community service. Thus, teachers who are being trained at Zimbabwe"s colleges and universities will be required to acquire skills and knowledge to produce goods, services and ideas and also to impart such knowledge and skills to their learners. The mathematics curriculum inclusive of the syllabi, schemes of work and timetables at a teacher training institution in the Midlands Province of Zimbabwe was critically analysed. Two randomly selected lectures in progress were observed and five purposively chosen lecturers interviewed. The study addresses the questions of whether and to what extent Education 5.0 is being realised, the challenges currently being faced and the future prospects of the philosophy. The paper concludes by giving recommendations for sustainable professional development of primary school mathematics teachers in Zimbabwe.


The ancient metabolism of photoferrotrophy is likely to have played a key role in the biogeochemistry of iron on Early Earth, leading to the deposition of banded iron formations prior to the emergence of oxygenic photosynthesis. Extant organisms still performing this metabolism provide a convenient window to peer into its molecular mechanisms. The freshwater purple bacterium Rhodobacter ferroxidans SW2 was one of the first photoferrotrophs to be isolated. It is a bacterium containing the operon foxEYZ that was shown to be involved in iron oxidation. The first gene of this operon, foxE, encodes a periplasmatic c-type diheme cytochrome predicted to be the iron oxidoreductase. FoxE was biochemically characterized [1], diffracting crystals were obtained [2] and we present here its crystal structure, determined at 2.5 Ang resolution. The FoxE structure is organized as a trimer with two hemes and a disulfide bridge per monomer. The distance between hemes, their solvent exposure and the surface electrostatics ensure a controlled electron transfer rate. They also guarantee segregation between electron capture from ferrous iron and electron release to downstream acceptors, which do not favour the precipitation of ferric iron. Combined with the functional characterization of this protein, the structure reveals how iron oxidation can be performed in the periplasmic space of this Gram-negative bacterium at circumneutral pH, while minimizing the risk of mineral precipitation and cell encrustation.


I N MOST civil actions where the matter in controversy is between $roo and $r,soo, action may be brought in the court of common pleas or in the Circuit Court of Wayne County, with the exception that, until a statutory amendment which postdated the assembling of this material, all actions against a municipality were specifically excluded from those over which the court of common pleas has jurisdiction.1 To ascertain the number of cases brought in the circuit court which might have been brought in the common pleas court, all the law judgments entered by the circuit court in the year ending November 30, 1947, were examined. Although jurisdiction is based on the amount prayed for, these figures were based on the amounts recovered, since in a large group of cases the judgments are thought more accurately to reflect the actual value of the claims than the amounts asked, which are often, if not usually, higher than the sum regarded even by the plaintiff's attorney as the real value thereof.2


In vitro pollen germination is the most widely used technique for testing viability of pollen grains in a breeding programme. The germination medium (PGM) for pigeonpea species belonging to tertiary gene pool viz., Cajanus cinereus, Rhyncosia rothii and R. aureus has been modified from the earlier recommended medium.The improvement was done by adding poly ethylene glycol, which supported over 90% pollen germination and pollen tube growth of above mentioned species. It is expected that the use of the improved PGM will facilitate inter-specific and inter-generic hybridization imposed by biological barriers by resorting to pollen storage (in case of temporal isolation), in vitro fertilization and pollen selection etc.This is the first report of in vitro germination medium for these three tertiary gene pool species.


Ebstein's anomaly (E.A) is a congenital malformation that represents less than 1% of all congenital heart disease. They are predisposed to arrhythmias because of abnormal cardiac anatomy. We report the case of a 60-year-old female with a history of early infancy diagnosis of E.A, admitted for tachycardia with wide QRS complex. An electrophysiology study revealed an atrial rhythm and programmed atrial stimulation induced atrial tachycardia identical to the clinical tachycardia with multiple circuits. Radiofrequency ablation was not performed because of technical difficulties. At two months follow-up, the patient's cardiac condition worsened and echocardiography revealed worsening tricuspid regurgitation. She underwent surgical repair. The postoperative course was uneventful. The diagnosis of this anomaly is mainly made by transthoracic echocardiogram, which constitutes the cornerstone of imaging examinations. Diagnosis is made when there is an apical displacement of the tricuspid septal leaflets past 8mm/m². Cardiac arrhythmias are frequent with Ebstein malformation; sudden death and accessory pathway fast-conducting AV with anterograde and retrograde conduction are commonly described in most patients. While, wide-QRS tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia (VT), or flutter through the para-septal pathway may occur. The management of tachyarrhythmias associated with E.A remains a real challenge. Even if it can be difficult given the atrial dilatation, electrophysiological exploration with possible radiofrequency ablation of symptomatic supraventricular tachyarrhythmias remains necessary. Otherwise, supraventricular tachyarrhythmia in E.A, can also be ablated surgically.


When using a single sensor to detect fire, a high false alarm can be caused owing to the low reliability of the single sensor. Consequently, the multi-sensors fire detection methods are proposed. In this paper, three different type sensors are used to collect temperature, smoke concentration and CO concentration features. The information gain rate of each feature is computed, and then the attribute with maximum information gain rate is chosen as the current attribute node, which is the root node of the decision tree. At the same time, the training sets are divided into subnets according to the possible value of the root node attribute, subsequently execute the above step recursively. Finally a C4.5 classifier is designed to integrate those features for fire detection. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.


In February 1986 when the Non-Traditional Casting Project (NTCP) began its advocacy work to help forge a truly American performing arts, it was not without a great sense of irony. That an organization had to be formed in the mid-Ig8os to advocate for the full participation of AfricanAmerican, Asian-American, Hispanic-American, native American, female, disabled, and other disenfranchised artists in the performing arts was a testimony to our society's failure to acknowledge and accept people of these various groups as individuals and as Americans. This was, after all, over 30 years since the advent of the civil rights movement and more than 20 since the contemporary women's movement began. If these movements, important as they were (and are), had succeeded in re-forming our institutions, rather than merely bending them a little, a Non-Traditional Casting Project would have been superfluous. Unfortunately, although ethnic, female, and disabled persons have been accommodated to an extent in the greater society, their complete acceptance is long in coming. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the performing arts, particularly the theatre.


In this paper it is intended to set-up a sound model of the 60,000 rpm 100 kW prototype APU gas turbine rotor-bearing system, and particularly to investigate the influences of the tie shaft on the rotordynamic characteristics of the entire APU gas turbine rotor-bearing system, employing the dual shaft model. Firstly, a mock-up APU rotor has been constructed to test and verify the model. Analytical natural frequency results have agreed with the corresponding modal test ones to within 5% difference. Then, the rotordynamic characteristics of the prototype APU rotor-bearing system have been investigated. Natural vibration and unbalance response analyses results have shown that the inner tie shaft resonance can cause high enough vibration of the outer main rotor shaft. This could be a concern as the rotor journals operate on very thin air film at high speed. It is concluded as a conservative design practice that the inner tie shaft should be explicitly modeled in the rotordynamic analysis of the APU rotor-bearing system.


In the United Kingdom, individuals requiring inpatient care for mental health purposes can be admitted to hospital with their consent as informal patients, or formally through procedure(s) prescribed by law. There are, however, instances where individuals otherwise referred to as informal patients are on admission without their consent or in circumstances that amount to deprivation of their liberty as defined by the United Kingdom Supreme Court and without recourse to lawful procedures by their clinical team as stipulated by the European Convention on Human Rights. Such instances might be without the awareness of the individuals or their clinical teams or the clinical teams might be unclear as to which statute applies to patient care. This paper has been written to help clinicians define the legal status of patients at the point of admission, during their stay on the inpatient unit and the statute(s) that apply to different in-patient situations.


The editors make modest claims (e.g. no new stylistic data, p. 21) for this bulky volume of funerary stelae, which begins abruptly. For M. and P. it is straight down to business. There is almost an apologetic tone in the μrst chapter, for it seems that the region covered by the volume (modern Piemonte, not corresponding to an ancient area, but M. and P. are not pretending it does) is short on artistic masterpieces, or indeed any stele of major interest, with few exceptions (e.g. no. 229). The editors need not have worried. They seem to understand the need for objects like these to be viewed as phenomenologically as possible, as well as under the microscope of more traditional skills. The volume under review thus scores well for including the stelae which bear decoration, but no inscriptions; we are given a full overview of a class of objects, most but not all of which were inscribed, and most but not all of which were decorated. How we make sense of them is up to us, but the holistic view encouraged by M. and L. in their approach is bound to lead to some fertile thinking. The work is not short on interesting ideas or signiμcant points, whether of detail or general importance; but its chief value lies in having done, and done with exemplary thoroughness and care, the legwork: rounding up, studying, photographing, and annotating some 200 inscriptions, together with funerary reliefs and other decorative elements. The material is subdivided by typological and stylistic features. After a stimulating introduction, and a discussion of early modern drawings of now lost stelae, we can peruse: stelae with portraits; stelae commemorating professionals; of soldiers; with banquet scenes; mythological subjects; ·oral garlands; wolves (!); and μnally unusual ones. The volume's already serious scholarly credentials are reinforced by a brief appendix by Colonna on a signiμcant Etruscan stele from Mombasiglio. All this is topped by an 'at a glance' list of the stelae, four appendices (one epigraphic) and a concordance: and even this is not all. Closing the volume are 150 plates carrying over 200 mostly splendid photographs of stones or drawings (yet, despite the fact that display of these objects is a concern too, Pls. 140–50, of epigraphic collections, are excessive!). This is an altogether admirable volume, and the more so in that it covers a marginal area of Italy in which Rome and Roman customs were slow to arrive, and slower to di¶use out of the few great centres such Turin into the hilly retroterra below the Alps. Local artistic traditions (and the in·uence of the indigenous stratum), artisan workshops, attitudes to death, prosopographic studies, settlement patterns, road networks: all these and more must be touched on and illuminated by such a study as this. This is a much needed tool for the study of this region, indeed, it is a monumentum itself, and will remain to be gazed on and admired by generations of scholars. Not, though, on CD-ROM. Why not?


For temperature from 0K to melting point(933.47K),the C_p of FCC-Al with the OA method and Debye-Gruneisen model is calculated.Comparing with the experiment date,the reason of lower calculated data with the system method is analyzed. So the model is corrected, and the result is uniform with the experiment data comparing with the C_p of SGTE,we find that the data of SGTE is not abundant. At last,with the calculated data and the data of SGTE,the full description of the C_p of FCC-Al from 0K to boiling point is implemented.


Involvement of local housing authorities in commissioning of community care services is recognised as an important objective. This paper describes how two housing and community care projects in Leeds and Dudley have worked successfully to achieve it.


2. As regards psychological treatment, this will follow the usual lines of child guidance. Direct treatment aimed at removal of the symptom, by suggestion or other means, is, in my opinion, desirable in many cases, as it eases the situation considerably for both parent and child, and further treatment can be carried on for the neurosis as a whole. This will generally be in the nature of play therapy, depending on the technique employed. In adolescents, vocational guidance is usually necessary, as well as readjustment of their attitude to their problems. It must be pointed out, however, that prolonged treatment is not required in all cases. For many of them the symptom can be cured in two or three interviews or by simple environmental readjustment. 3. Very good results can be obtained in an institution provided it is of the right type. A residential open-air school has cured some of the cases first seen at the child guidance clinic. Others are cured at hostels for evacuated children. Everything, however, depends on the good relation between staff and children. At the school mentioned above remedial exercises to strengthen the abdominal and pelvic muscles were considered useful. 4. If simple measures fail a period -of observation in hospital may be advisable, both to eliminate organic disorder and because it may effect a salutary break, and show the child and the parent that the habit can stop (just as asthmatic, epileptic, and other attacks often disappear while the child is in hospital.