Ion implantation has been successfully utilized to simplify the fabrication of a 1024 bit IGFET random access memory array ina novel manner. IGFET integrated circuits Often require enhanced surface doping to suppress unwanted spurious channels between devices. Using conventional diffusion technology, an extra masking level is required to form these regions. A technique has been developed which eliminates this extra mask by uniformly increasing the doping in the surface layer of the silicon and then controllably compensating the enchanced doping in the windows patterned to form gate oxide regions. Threshold voltage control is excellent, mobilities are normal and no undesirable effects have been observed if care is exercised in controlling the implanted doses.


The study examined the effects of a parental intervention to reduce parents' stress levels during the hospitalization of their very preterm infants in a NICU, taking into account possible differences between mothers and fathers.


*(Received May 29, 2014 / Revised September 25, 2014 / Accepted September 26, 2014)This is an experimental study for recycling coal ash left over from coal use as a potential fine aggregate in concrete. Coal ash is generally divided into either fly ash or bottom ash. Fly ash has been utilized as a substitution material for cement in concret e mixes. On the other hand, bottom ash has the problem of low recycling rates, and thus it has been primarily reclaimed. This study partially substituted fine concrete aggregates with bottom ash to increase its application rate and therefore its recycling rate; its sui tability forthis purpose was confirmed. The concrete's workability dropped noticeably with increasing bottom ash content when a fixed water-cement ratio of concrete mix was used. Thus, concrete mixes with higher ratio levels are required. To address this problem, concrete was mixed using a polycarboxylate high-range water reducing agent. The fluidity and air entrainment immediately after mixing the concrete and 1 h after mixing were measured, thereby replicating the time concrete is placed in the field when produced either in a ready-mixed concrete or in a batch plant. As a result of this research, the workability and air entrainment were ma intained 1h after mixing for a concrete mixture with approximately 30% of its fine concrete aggregates substituted with the bottom ash. A slightdrop in compression strength was seen; however, this confirmed that potential of using bottom ash as a fine aggregate in concrete.키워드 : 재활용, 바텀 애시, 잔골재, 콘크리트의 경시 변화Keywords : Recycling, Bottom ash, Aggregate, Elapsed Time Change on Concrete * Corresponding author E-mail: email@example.com


Objective:Falls from height cause significant mortality in the urban environment, but reliable prognostic factors have not been identified. Even the intuitive relation between the distance fallen and mortality rate has been questioned. Our objective was to determine factors predictive of increased mortality rate in victims of falls from height. Design:Clinical observational study, retrospective for January 1998 to May 1999 and prospective from June 1999 to September 2000. Setting:The study population was drawn from Seine-Saint-Denis, an urban region near Paris with 1.3 million inhabitants treated by a French out-of-hospital medical emergencies unit. Patients:Patients were victims of falls from height >3 m, age >12 yrs. Study entry was performed on the scene by an emergency physician from the medical emergencies unit. Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:Studied data included age, gender, circumstances of fall, height of fall, nature of the impact surface (soft or hard), transient impact preceding final impact, and part of the body touching the ground first. The primary end point was mortality. The study included 287 patients, 116 (40%) during the retrospective phase and 171 (60%) during the prospective phase. Ninety-seven patients (34%) ultimately died. In multivariate analysis, age (mean, 41.6 ± 16.6 yrs in patients who died vs. 34.9 ± 14.9 in survivors; odds ratio, 1.05; p < .0005); height of fall (median, 5.0; 3.8–8.0 vs. 2.0; 1.2–3.0 floors; odds ratio, 1.24; p < .0001); nature of the impact surface (hard in 39% vs. soft in 22%; odds ratio, 2.7; p < .05); and head, anterior, and lateral body surfaces touching the ground first (with respectively mortality rates of 44%, odds ratio, 16.7, p = .0001; 57%, odds ratio, 10.6, p < 0.005; 32%, odds ratio, 11.1, p < .001) were independently correlated with the final mortality rate. Conclusions:Patient age, height of fall, impact surface nature, and body part first touching the ground are independent prognostic factors in victims of falls from height.


Due to the great importance of the microbiota in the development of parasites in invertebrates, many studies have been conducted to better understand this interaction. Therefore, the association between microorganisms and their invertebrate hosts, vectors of disease, is becoming increasingly evident. Based on this, the aim of this study was to characterize the bacterial microflora of snails Biomphalaria glabrata, the main intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. Thus, a group of wild snails, from Vila Sotave in Jaboatão Guararapes, PE / Brazil, and a not wild group (maintained in the laboratory), had their microbiota characterized by: Gram staining, morphological analysis of colonies on blood agar and eosin methylene blue agar, and confirmed by the characterization of bacterial identification system VITEK 2. Tests of antimicrobial susceptibility, based on disk diffusion method. The antimicrobial agents used belong to the class of ß-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, folate pathway inhibitors, fenicóis and tetracyclines. The results showed that all bacteria were Gram-negative including 11 bacterial genera, and the Enterobacter cloacae was the predominant species in the wild group, while Citrobacter freundii and Aeromonas sobria predominated in the not wild group. Regarding the antimicrobial susceptibility, all isolates were resistant to ß-lactam amoxicillin and susceptible to meropenem. From these results, new strategies for biological control of schistosomiasis can be proposed.


Heteroepitaxial Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 (BLT) films were grown by pulsed-laser deposition on n-GaN/Al2O3(0001) substrates. X-ray θ–2θ, rocking curve measurements and φ-scans revealed the degree of crystallinity and epitaxiality. The full width at half maximum for (028) BLT deposited on GaN was 0.93° due to multi-orientational states. Surface chemical bonding states of as-deposited and etched films were recorded by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The remanent polarization and coercive field of the Au/BLT/n–GaN/Al2O3(0001) structure were 22 µC/cm2 and 150 kV/cm, respectively.


Due to the physiological and traditional cultural factors,female university students are faced with inequality in job-hunting and opportunities of personal development.The employment situation of male and female students has been compared through investigation.The education frames of innovative undertaking home and abroad have been studied,and case study of typical examples in universities home and abroad has been done.Curricular system of innovative undertaking education has been set up to help female university students to adapt to the new age.


the summer of 1903, the Heidelberg sociologist Max Weber had a visit from Hugo Munsterberg, a Harvard professor known for his pioneering work in the new field of applied psychology. Dr. Munsterberg was promoting an international gathering of scholars from many disciplines, to be held in St. Louis, Missouri, the next year. He invited Weber to attend, and to present a paper on Germany's rural community. Weber, then thirty-nine, had not been well. He had suffered a nervous collapse five years earlier, had been institutionalized at intervals, and had lived for a time in Italy in the hope of regaining his intellectual stamina. He was still unable to teach, but by 1903 he had resumed some of his scholarly work. Munsterberg's invitation, and the prospect of visiting the world's most advanced industrial nation, elated him; he accepted immediately. Weber's lecture at the St. Louis Congress of Arts and Science in the fall of 1904 his first public appearance in more than four years provided the occasion for an extensive American tour that was pivotally important to the development of his social and political thought. Until 1899, Weber had been engaged almost entirely in research on agrarian policies in the eastern provinces of Prussia. In the United States he would be able to observe at first hand the revolutionary force of modern capitalism the force that was about to destroy traditional social structures in East Elbia, and would introduce modern capitalist calculation into peasant landholdings as well as the management of the estates of Prussia's landed aristocracy, the Junkers. Cut off from their traditional lineages with the land, agrarian workers were now being paid hourly wages, like the industrial proletariat. Weber saw this as a major factor behind the


Dynamic, active documents are particularly troublesome to program within conventional languages. Documents are typically represented in XML or HTML, which use regular-expression like types instead of the familiar sums-of-products datatypes supported by conventional languages. Furthermore, documents tend to include embedded program in a variety of scripting languages, for which conventional languages offer no support at all. It is thus very difficult to verify that these programs generate even syntactically well-formed documents, let alone documents which are valid for their document type definition, and contain only well-typed scripts.
This thesis develops the core type system for a Haskell-like functional programming language that directly supports dynamic, active documents. The first part presents a system of type-indexed rows, that supports many aspects of XML's regular-expression types without abandoning the type features which make functional programming attractive. In particular, type-indexed rows coexist cleanly with higher-order types and parametric polymorphism. The second part presents a system of staged computation, that allows server-side and client-side code to be cleanly separated.
In both cases, the type system can guarantee that only well-formed and valid documents are generated. Hence, not only are document-generating programs easier to write using these systems, in addition they are much more likely to be correct.


The extracellular collagenolytic protease produced by Pseudomonas sp. SUK was purified to homogenecity by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by DEAE-cellulose anion exchange chromatography. The enzyme was purified by 15.40 fold with 26.80% recovery and its molecular mass was found to be 58.6 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The optimum temperature and pH for the enzyme were 60 °C and 8.0, respectively. The purified enzyme was stable over a wide pH and temperature range and it was able to degrade various types of collagen. The Km and Vmax of the enzyme was 1.05 ± 0.09 mg ml−1 and 6.03 ± 0.52 × 10−4 mol l−1 min−1, respectively. EDTA, Fe3+, Hg2+, SDS, methanol and iso-propyl alcohol inhibited >25% enzyme activity whereas Zn2+, Ba2+, Ca2+, Tween 80, toluene and n-hexane were found to be good enhancers. Biophysical characterization revealed that the enzyme is 68.4% α-helix and 8.32% β-sheet, with hydrodynamic radius of approximately 3.1 nm. Furthermore the enzyme has a negative charge at pH 7.5 with a zeta potential value of −28.7 mV and Tm 62.3 °C ± 0.02 °C. This study assumes that the collagenolytic protease purified from Pseudomonas sp. SUK could be potentially exploited for meat tenderization at reduced temperatures as well as in animal tissue cultures as a tissue dissociating and cell dislodging agent.


This work mainly aimed to identify the most suitable calculation approaches and methods for the effect of inputs upon the outputs of a functionally-mathematical library with inaccessible source code, and further use these methods and approaches to develop an input ranking tool. These methods and approaches were studied using a generalized regressive model representing an arbitrary functionally-mathematical library (an executable module). The paper studied two approaches to the determination of input effects upon the outputs: 1) correlation analysis; 2) neural network method. The first method is analytical calculation (couple by couple) of Pierson correlation coefficients for all input and output parameters. As an alternative, the study also investigated rank-based Spierman and Kendall correlations. The second approach basically meant neural network learning with required accuracy using the variation set of executable module inputs and their respective outputs with subsequent calculation of contribution from each parameter to the overall result for the neural network after learning. These approaches have also been compared in terms of several major criteria, i.e. application peculiarities, speed and output quality. The analysis has shown that neural-network learning method, despite its certain drawbacks, is more suitable for the task of this study. The paper also outlined possible ways for further improvement of this method and complexity increase of the suggested functionally-mathematical library model.


A digital broadcast receiver comprising a terminal for receiving a first and a second unit, each for receiving a digital broadcast signal. Each of the first and the second receiving unit generally includes an antenna, a tuner, and an analog / digital (A / D) converter. The receiver further comprises a control unit, configured to determine that the received digital broadcast signal based on the environment, based on the reception environment selectively operating the first and second receiving means. A method for controlling a digital broadcast receiving terminal comprises first and second receiving means at a receiving digital broadcast signal, determining a reception environment based on the digital broadcast signal, and selectively operating environment based on the received first and second receiving means.


In this work, the microwave-assisted desorption of water or toluene from Sorbonorit 4 activated carbon and zeolite HiSiv 3000 has been studied. The nonequilibrium, nonisothermal, and nonadiabatic process described by a mathematical model for the microwave-assisted desorption including the internal heat source capacity is formulated and solved numerically by means of a numerical method of lines. The adsorption equilibrium of water–Sorbonorit 4 is described by a multitemperature Qi-LeVan isotherm, water–HiSiv 3000 by a multitemperature Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm, and toluene–Sorbonorit 4 and toluene–HiSiv 3000 by a multitemperature Toth isotherm. Computed results show that heat and mass transport mechanisms occurring during the microwave-assisted desorption process are properly incorporated into the proposed model. Such a comprehensive mathematical modeling of microwave-assisted desorption has not previously been discussed in the literature.


In this paper, we have analyzed the dielectrophoretic (DEP) force in a planar electrode structure and compared the force with the values from the experiments. The analysis is made by an FEM package program. The motion of yeast cells in the electrode array is analyzed with curve fitting in order to calculate the force from the experiments. The DEP force from the analysis is one order higher than that from the experiments when the cells move afloat by from the bottom.


Objective To construct a recombinant prokaryotic expression plasmid containg Golgi protein 73( GP73) and express the protein in E. coli,and lays a foundation for an diagnostic method of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods Amplify the target fragment encoding GP73 by RT- PCR and clone into prokaryotic expression vector p ET- 28 a. GP73 recombinant plasmid was induced by IPTG in E. coli BL21 after identifying by digestion and gene sequencing. The protein was detected by Western Blot. Results The length of the fragment amplified was same with expectation; p ET- 28a-GP73 recombinant plasmid was confirmed by digestion and DNA sequencing; the rembinant GP73 protein was identified by SDS- PAGE and Western Blot,a special band was observed. Conclusion The prokaryotic expression plasmid was successfully constructed and expressed.


Through the real systematic integration development and applied design based on "3S" & "IT" it is suggested to the solution in the informatization of emergency management, realizing the data providing of dynamic, real-time emergency information.


Optimal operation of switched reluctance motor drives is inherently dependent to proper excitation of motor phases with respect to their inductance profile. Based on this fact, utilization of position transducers in the drive is unavoidable. These transducers increase the cost and complexity of the drive. In this paper, a new method for elimination of position sensors in SRM drives is suggested. The proposed method is a marriage of chopping waveform analysis and inductance modeling based on Fourier series. A novel method for online estimation of back emf based on chopping current waveform is introduced. Besides, incremental inductance profile is modeled and automatically calibrated for robust operation. By evaluation of estimated back emf and phase inductance model, position information will be obtained. This approach does not suffer from unpredicted variation of magnetic characteristics since it benefits model auto tuning. The proposed method has implemented successfully on experimental SRM drive based on TMS320F2470 digital signal processor.


Patients with diabetes are unable to produce a sufficient amount of insulin to properly regulate their blood-glucose levels. One potential method of treating diabetes is to increase the number of insulin-secreting beta cells in the pancreas to enhance insulin secretion. It is known that during pregnancy, pancreatic beta cells proliferate in response to the pregnancy hormone, prolactin. Leveraging this proliferative response to prolactin may be a strategy to restore endogenous insulin production for patients with diabetes. To investigate this potential treatment, we previously developed a computational model to represent the prolactin-mediated JAK-STAT signaling pathway in pancreatic beta cells. However, this model does not account for variability in protein expression that naturally occurs between cells. Here, we applied the model to understand how heterogeneity affects the dynamics of JAK-STAT signaling. We simulated a sample of 10,000 heterogeneous cells with varying initial protein concentrations responding to prolactin stimulation. We used partial least squares regression to analyze the significance and role of each of the varied protein concentrations in producing the response of the cell. Our regression models predict that the concentrations of the cytosolic and nuclear phosphatases strongly influence the response of the cell. The model also predicts that increasing prolactin receptor strengthens negative feedback mediated by the inhibitor SOCS. These findings reveal biological targets that can potentially be used to modulate the proliferation of pancreatic beta cells to enhance insulin secretion and beta cell regeneration in the context of diabetes.


Numerical simulations using non-commercial OpenFOAM software were performed and compared with experimental data. The experiment consisted in pumping dense fluid (saline solution of sodium chloride and food dye) into a tank with a less dense fluid (fresh water) next to the bottom of the tank. The released fluid dilutes similarly to real cases of gas dispersion governed by buoyancy forces. Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach with k−ωSST model was applied to simulate three experimental cases with different initial conditions. The results were compared qualitatively and numerically concerning the height (ht) of the dense layer and its velocity profile. The numerical findings agree with the experimental data.


Complex terrain changes the wind field characteristics significantly, especially on the mean wind speed and turbulence intensity during the separation zone of steep hills and escarpments. With the acceleration of urbanization process in China, a large number of super tall buildings, large-span and high-rise structures will be built in western and southern parts of China where the topography effects cannot be ignored in the wind-resistant design. Based on the Chinese Code GB 50009-2012, Japanese Code AIJ-2004, American Standard ASCE 7-10, Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 1170:2:2011, Euro code EN 1991-1-4:2005, ISO Code 4354:2005 and Canadian code NBC 2005, the topography influences of typical terrain are analyzed in details and the main parameters on topographic effect are given. On this basis, the improved topographic correction factor formulas for mean wind speed and peak wind speed are obtained. By comparing with the numerical examples, wind tunnel test and field measurement results in literatures, the applicability of the improved formulas are verified and provides a reference for future wind loading code amendments and wind-resistant design in complex terrain areas.


Ascorbic acid, vitamin B 12 , and ferrous gluconate, although mutually incompatible, may be compounded into stable, aqueous oral preparations by using commercial 70 per cent sorbitol solution as a vehicle. Data are presented showing the stabilizing effects of sorbitol in two formulations containing ascorbic acid, vitamin B 12 , and ferrous gluconate, and in a multivitamin formulation from which ferrous gluconate was excluded. Stability of these products is attributed specifically to their sorbitol vehicles.


Herein we describe a method for inducing cancer cell death, which relies on the use of a H2O2-responsive glycan metabolic precursor in conjunction with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) or photodynamic therapy (PDT).


The photophysical characterization of a nonameric porphyrin assembly made up of a central free-base and eight peripheral zinc porphyrins connected by flexible nucleosidic linkers, and the identification of the photoinduced processes taking place in the array, is reported. Both singlet–singlet and triplet–triplet energy transfer from the peripheral zinc porphyrins to the free-base porphyrin core is detected. The kinetic parameters of singlet–singlet energy transfer are interpreted by assuming the existence of several nonequilibrated conformations in the array due to the flexibility of the linkages. A fast quenching of the donor beyond the time detection limit of the instrument is also hypothesized and assigned to strong interactions between the zinc chromophores in close contact which can give self-quenching phenomena. For the zinc porphyrin triplet excited state, a triplet–triplet annihilation is detected at moderate photon flux as a consequence of multi


tonin by the enzyme aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase with the help of vitamin B6. 5-HTP causes the serotoninproducing neurons in the brain to increase production, which then leads to an increased release of serotin. Therefore, 5HTP is used to treat depression, mood disorders and insomnia. Additionally, 5-HTP induces anorexia, which is known to be mediated by leptin secretion. However, there have been few studies conducted to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of 5HTP. Macrophages play critical roles in the occurrence of various inflammatory diseases by inducing the expression of proinflammatory mediators and proteins such as interleukin (IL)-6, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is derived from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, triggers host innate immunity by stimulating the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Nitric oxide (NO) is an intracellular messenger that mediates a variety of biological functions, including vascular homeostasis, neurotransmission, and antitumor activities. It is well known that NO is synthesized from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). NOS has three isoforms, of which iNOS produces the largest quantities of NO. iNOS is widely expressed in a number of different cell types, but only after its transcriptional induction by agents such as LPS and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, iNOS is highly expressed in LPS-activated macrophages and contributes to the pathogenesis of septic shock. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is an inducible inflammatory enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. Unlike the constitutively expressed COX-1, which is important for maintaining normal physiological functions, COX-2 is not detected in most normal tissues and is transiently induced by proinflammatory cytokines. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathways are evolutionarily conserved and play an important role in conveying information from the extracellular environment into the cytoplasm and finally into the nucleus. There are at least three known pathways of MAPKs. In the extracellular-signal regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway, activated ERK can phosphorylate a variety of transcription factors. Two other classes of MAPKs include p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). While ERK is predominantly stimulated by mitogens, p38 and JNK constitute part of the stress response pathways that are activated by cellular stress induced by agents such as inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we evaluated the in vivo analgesic activities of orally administered 5-HTP as well as the cell based antiinflammatory activity of 5-HTP to clarify the mechanism involved in the effects of 5-HTP.


This research was conductedat the Department ofTaxation of DiliBased on the analysis,the rate of growth of revenue receipts Dili districts experiencing growth fluctuating.Level RentalTaxrevenue receipts effectiveness Dili district experienced a fluctuating level, at this level as very effective.Level efficiency of the revenue receipts of the results of the analysis
This suggeststhat local governments have been able to work very well because it has been able to meet the targets seteven exceeding the targetit self,this suggests that the government's performance has been very good.


(57) Abstract: The present invention, a) one or more thermoplastic block copolymer, c) blowing agent, and d optionally) the thermoplastic elastomer composition foamed contains one or more plasticizers crafted a synthetic bottle stopper, the composition further b) 0.05 400 melt flow index (2.16 kg / 190 ° C., and one having a measured) in accordance with ASTM D 1238 or providing a bottle closure which comprises a plurality of branched polyolefins.


Background: Although the World Health Organization recommends 100% willingness for blood donation, the percentage of blood collected from willing blood donors and the average annual blood collection rate is extremely low in Ethiopia. Adults can serve as an essential pool formeeting the demand of safe blood. Thus, this study is aimed at examining willingness and its associated factors for blood donation among the adult population in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on548 respondents from 1–30 October2021. Multistage sampling techniques were used to select the study participants. The data were collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Epi-data version 4.6 and SPSS version 23 software was used for data entry and analysis, respectively. A binary logistic regression (bivariable and multivariable) was performed to identify the statistically significant variables. Results: Less than half, 45.3% (95% CI: 41.4, 49.9), of the study participants hadthe willingness to donate blood. Participants who were renters of their own houses [AOR: 3.19; (95% CI: 2.09, 4.62)], had a history of blood donation practice [AOR: 1.90(95% CI: 1.16, 3.19)], had witnessed blood being donated [AOR: 2.56 (95% CI:1.65, 6.95)], had a history of relatives who have died through blood loss [AOR: 2.28 (95% CI:1.19, 4.36)], and had good knowledge [AOR: 2.23; (95% CI: 1.49, 3.34)] were more willing to donate blood, with these factors being the significant predictors. Conclusions: Generally, willingness towards blood donation is low in the study area. In order to increase community willingness to donate blood, healthcare providers, national blood banks, and transfusion agencies should design strategies to promote and motivate their communities. In addition to this, participants should receive information on the health benefits of donating blood, the volume of blood donated, and the number of patients benefiting from a single unit of blood donated.


The molecular pathogenesis of breast cancer is extraordinarily complicated. Quite a few kinds of genes such as susceptibility gene, oncogene and tumor suppressor genes have been found with implications for the carcinogenesis and development of breast cancer.Abnormality of breast cancer gene is the key to prevent and cure tumor.We showed the progress on the molecular genetics and correlating genes of breast cancer in recent years.


A YJKK500-4/6kV 2500kW and S1 working-system induction motor is studied. According to the actual load of the motor, considering the saturation effect and skin effect, the torque and current characteristics are analyzed when the motor runs under S1 working system with a sudden load, and in the starting process. In addition, the starting capacity of the motor driving different loads is also calculated. The electromagnetic calculation results are used as heat source. CFD method is used to calculate the motor temperature rise when the motor runs under 1, 1.1, 1.2 and 1.4 times rated load. This work is very beneficial to provide safety guarantee for motor running with multi-load modes, and is very helpful for the improvement on the utilization rate of medium high-voltage motor and the decrease in production cost.


Historical interaction between Marrickville City Council and Monash University resulted in a postgraduate research opportunity within the Cooks River Sustainability Initiative. The aim of the social research was to critically examine the project and capture important insights and lessons learned. Such research is perceived to deepen insights and learning beyond general project evaluation and is understood as having the potential to contribute critical insights that practicebased reflections, on their own, are unlikely to reveal. Therefore such research substantially improves the opportunity for enabling sector-wide transitions towards more sustainable practices. While this model of (industry-funded) scientific research alongside real-life projects is increasingly advocated, literature pays little attention to the ways by which such research is conducted. Research methodology may detail specifics of the qualitative or quantitative nature of the research, however the practical dynamics and challenges are not often reflected upon. This paper presents a first-hand personal reflection on the research project within the Cooks River Sustainability Initiative. It aspires to provide broader understanding of what a process of social research entails and how research allows for in-depth insights and learning. Findings from this study can help both industry actors and social researchers in defining expectations of future research opportunities. In addition, it may help industry actors to create an enabling environment for research to be undertaken and may support researchers to prepare for implementation of their research.


Electric-discharge plasmas in gallium-iodide vapours are experimentally found to convert 40% of input electric power into ultraviolet and visible radiation (200–800 nm). The conditions are a weakly ionized positive column consisting of 5–10 Torr argon, and the gallium-iodide vapour is formed by heating condensed gallium-iodide to 100–120 °C. The input power density is 50–100 mW cm−3. The plasma is contained in a sealed silica tube and excited by an external radiofrequency antenna. Computational analysis and plasma diagnostics lead to a quantitative understanding that gallium atoms are formed by electron-impact dissociation of gallium-iodide compounds that evaporate into the plasma volume, and that further electron collisions excite the gallium atoms, which then decay by photon emission. High efficiency is possible only because several photons are emitted per dissociation event, and because nonradiative power channels such as electron-impact elastic heating and vibrational excitation are not dominant. The dissociated species recombine on the wall to reform the species that evaporates. The plasma properties change discontinuously as the molar ratio of iodine to gallium (I/Ga) in the system crosses the values I/Ga = 3 and I/Ga = 2, consistent with the thermodynamic properties of condensed gallium-iodide compounds.


T his study analyzes globaland national-level vehicles and regulatory frameworks that influence the generation and uptake of biotechnological knowledge in the Indian agricultural sector. The aim is to examine whether and how a transition to global sustainability is hampered by knowledge or technology divides between North and South. The study examines evolving domestic intellectual property rights and biosafety policies and their influence on the generation and uptake of biotechnological innovations in Indian agriculture. It also examines how these policies are influenced by a larger macro-economic and trade policy context. The study finds that biotechnology uptake in Indian agriculture has to date been shaped as much by domestic economic and social concerns and priorities in the area of agricultural research, trade, biosafety and intellectual property protection, as by inadequate access to knowledge or a knowledge divide. The priorities that appear to have most influenced the pace of biotechnology uptake in Indian agriculture include the desire to retain a strong role for the public sector in agricultural research, and avoid foreign or excessive private sector control over food production, particularly of basic commodity crops. The implication of this is not that knowledge divides do not exist and may not be pernicious to a more globally equitable sustainable development. Rather, the analysis suggests that any intervention to bridge technological divides to contribute to global sustainability must begin from an identification of the societal priorities that might cause persisting knowledge divides. The study also shows that, in the absence of fora and institutional mechanisms through which to debate the socioeconomic, ethical, and political concerns relating to biotechnology use, the domestic biosafety regime in India has become a key arbitrator of conflicts relating to transgenic crops, including those conflicts which transcend technical safety concerns. This is prob lematic and points again to the need for institutional fora where the implications of technological innovations for the public good can be debated. The Role of Knowledge Flows in Bridging North-South Technological Divides 100


Not surprisingly, the risk of liability to which an investment banker involved in a takeover situation is exposed varies according to the investment banker's role. Important considerations include: whether the transaction is friendly or unfriendly; whether there are competing parties for the target; whether the transaction involves cash or securities; whether the investment banker represents the buyer, the seller, or both; whether there is a difference of opinion within the board of directors of the investment banker's client; whether the form of documentation includes a Securities Act registration statement, an Exchange Act proxy statement, a Williams Act Schedule 13D or a combination of the foregoing; whether the investment banker is rendering a fairness opinion; whether the investment banker is acting as dealermanager; and whether the investment banker's role is described prominently in public documents. Currently, there is a relatively low risk of liability under the Federal securities laws for an investment banker whose sole capacity in a tender offer is advising on questions of offensive or defensive strategy.1 In footnote 27 the Court wrote:


ed / Indexed in Database of EBSCO, Massachusetts, USA Universe Digital Library S/B, ProQuest Summon Serials Solutions, USA Google Scholar (scholar.google.com) Chinese Database of CEPS, American Federal Computer Library Center (OCLC), USA Universe Digital Library Sdn Bhd (UDLSB), Malaysia China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Subscription Information Price (per year): Print $520, Online $320, Print and Online $600. David Publishing Company 1840 Industrial Drive, Suite 160, Libertyville, IL 60048, USA. Tel: 1-323-984-7526, 323-410-1082; Fax: 1-323-984-7374, 323-908-0457 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Digital Cooperative Company: www.bookan.com.cn David Publishing Company www.davidpublisher.com DAVID PUBLISHING D


A physicomathematical basis is used to establish bounds TD(n) on the time needed to compute n-argument functions by spatially distributed primitive devices or composite systems D. The axioms used concern the speed, packing density, and noise threshold of the energy with which any computing device detects or alters the physical representation of information. The principal result is that TD(n) grows at least as n1/2. Composite systems consisting of spatially distributed identical components are examined in light of this bound. Inherent bounds on the computing time of n-argument functions are then combined with TD(n), resulting in a measure of computational efficiency which bounds computing time to processor size.


In an early study of the impact of defense spending on economic growth in Latin America, it was suggested that the military burden hampered growth (Lieuwen, 1962). Recent studies, however, have found the relationship to be positive (Biswas and Ram, 1986; Frederiksen and Looney, 1983). The present study differs from those by considering the relationship between "guns and growth" over time, and by looking at both the overall and externality effects of military spending. The findings demonstrate that defense spending has both positive and negative impacts on economic growth in Latin America, but that there is no net positive effect. This finding will be obscured by research designs which do not disaggregate the effects of military spending into both its size and externality components.


In Public Health, sentinel surveillance is an activity in which a selected number of health professionals provide regular reports on a set of health problems. Web-based applications with manual data are entry the current state-of-the-art reporting tool. However, the adoption of electronic health record (EHR) technology provides an emerging source of data to be tapped for surveillance reporting. I proposed an approach for the integration of a sentinel surveillance system and EHR systems, for the Portuguese sentinel network Médicos Sentinela (MS). It includes a tool for detecting notifiable cases in an EHR and extracting the relevant data to automatically fill MS notification forms. Physicians can then validate and complete the notification forms if necessary. An initial implementation of the tool was used to validate the proposed approach, showing that it could automatically fill almost all of the notification forms. A preliminary assessment with a group of sentinel physicians has shown that user satisfaction was high.


Purpose
It has been argued that scholars in management and organization studies (MOS) need to take the peasantry into account in their work. This study aims to address the complexity revealed by these arguments, suggesting that one needs clearer definitions and an appreciation of the complexities of historical development if one is to gain appreciation of the impaction of agriculture more generally on MOS.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses historical material to develop a conceptual argument that challenges the homogenous nature of the peasantry. It uses a detailed contrast between two peasant groups in 19th and early 20th century Scotland to suggest divergent patterns of development.

Findings
Paying closer attention to definitions and historical development indicates that, as well as the survival of so-called archaic practices alongside highly developed agriculture, the main impact of agriculture on MOS might be the legitimacy it accords, as a cultural resource, to particular forms of organizing. While the issues outlined by previous authors are significant, they need to be discussed with more care to avoid a scattergun approach to analysis.

Originality/value
This study points to the neglect of agriculture more broadly and not just the peasantry, in MOS. It suggests the need to look at not only the economic impact but also the cultural resonance of agriculture in ideas about legitimate forms of organization. It also demonstrates the value and necessity of paying close attention to history in the analyses.


SAW delay line oscillators designed for operation at 10, 30, 31, and 50 MHz have been used to study the role of liquid loading on Rayleigh surface wave propagation. Experimental data clearly show that the dominant mode of energy transport in thin, liquid loaded SAW devices is not due to Rayleigh waves. These results have important implications for the design of SAW chemical sensors intended for operation in solutions.


In the traditional particle filter,the lack of measurement information is easy to appear the phenomenon of particle degradation,the filtering accuracy is not high,which is difficult to be applied to the GNSS/INS train navigation,thus an improved particle filter algorithm is put forward.By applying unscented Kalman filter framework to standard particle filtering,the importance function of particle is produced.Considering the current measurement of state estimation,the effect of filtering is improved.By integrating the resampling method into the way of Markov Chain Monte Carlo,the diversity of the particle is increased,and the filter precision is improved.The sample data of a certain train control system is simulated.The results show that compared with the traditional UPF,improved UPF has better filtering effect and higher positioning accuracy,the value of the project is better in the combination of GNSS/INS train.


Nicolas Kaldor's critique of monetarism from 1970 until his death is described and evaluated. It is argued that subsequent events, as well as empirical research, vindicate his critique. Kaldor's critique of John Maynard Keynes's monetary theory is then seen as an extension of his "Radcliffe" views and this paper argues that, in this matter, Kaldor was mechanical in his modeling of the endogeneity of money supply. It is suggested that the work of Hyman Minsky and Victoria Chick has the potential for further work in this area. Copyright 1989 by Oxford University Press.


Background: It is not clear if more intense surveillance is associated with improved survival after curative resection for gastric cancer. Patients and Methods: A prospectively maintained gastric cancer database was used to identify 402 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the clinicopathological characteristics associated with long post-recurrence survival. Results: Of 402 patients, 62 patients showed documented recurrence. As shown by multivariate analysis, patients with lymph node metastases originating from primary cancer, symptomatic recurrence, peritoneal dissemination, multiple recurrences and supportive therapy showed a significantly shorter post-recurrence survival. Patients who suffered hematogenous metastases, locoregional recurrence, or recurrence in the remnant stomach had a significantly longer survival time when treated actively compared with those given supportive care. Conclusion: Active treatment is effective in patients with hematogenous metastases, locoregional recurrence, or recurrence in the remnant stomach. Intense surveillance is thus recommended for early identification of such patients.


The research and development of the automatic driving system and safe driving system are now being conducted as the AHS (Automated Highway System) by the Ministry of Construction and corporations. Sumitomo Electric has for many years been researching and developing ITS-related systems and products. The authors have recently developed a vehicle incorporating these basic technologies and utilizing information supplied by the road infrastructure to realize the safe driving system. This system features: (1) incident detection and warning function; (2) lane deviation warning function; and (3) collision prevention function. This vehicle was demonstrated in the road test conducted in September 1996 on the Joshinetsu Expressway in Nagano Prefecture. For the covering abstract, see IRRD 490001.


We report on the present status and future prospect of nano-carbon interconnect technologies, consisting of carbon nanotube (CNT) vertical interconnects (vias) and graphene horizontal interconnects, mainly in terms of material growth and fabrication process technologies to meet the requirement of process compatibility with a conventional Si LSI. Their superior electrical properties for replacing Cu interconnects are demonstrated.


In lieu of an abstract, below is the essay's first paragraph: As a child, it was routine for my family to have morning devotions where my parents would not only read passages of scriptures, but also break down verse by verse what they mean. This helped shape my spiritual life. My parents made it their duty to instill the belief of Yahweh in me. However, growing up under this strict religious background was bitter-sweet. This parent and child is available in Verbum: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/verbum/vol12/iss1/14 Zoe Thomas The Odd One As a child, it was routine for my family to have morning devotions where my parents would not only read passages of scriptures, but also break down verse by verse what they mean. This helped shape my spiritual life. My parents made it their duty to instill the belief of Yahweh in me. However, growing up under this strict religious background was bitter-sweet. I was living on a small island called St. Vincent and the Grenadines, where the main religion is Christian. The religious group I am a part of is not Christian. We call ourselves the Assemblies of Yahweh, where we use the true name of our heavenly father. When I tried explaining this to others, my religion was thought of as a cult. It was difficult for others to grasp that we worship the same being; I just call him by a different name. It made me stand out from all classmates while growing up. Then I tried to fit in with a group. When I chose the group with 'worldly' friends, my mom made it clear to me that I was not going to fit in. They were inviting me to parties, they were having boyfriends, they were wearing belly breakers and halter tops and they were listening to non-religious music. My mom on the other hand said 'no' to me going to parties, told me to return the halter top I bought at the store and made me turn off the TV when I was dancing to music videos on BET. I did not even have to mention the word boyfriend to her. Therefore, I tried to fit in with the more religious groups. For a while, when I was ten, I was part of a Christian club my friends and I made up. Way to fit in! However, things started going south for me, when I felt guilty using the name God and Jesus, when I know I should have stronger mind and use Yahweh and Yahshua, the names I was accustomed to using. Then they made a big deal about Christmas, and the food and the gifts and the celebration of Christ's birthday. On the other hand I learnt not to celebrate Christmas because it was really not Yashua's birthday. I remember feeling envious when they talked about all the gifts they got. I remember even pretending that I did celebrate Christmas at a point in time, just to fit in. They also talked about how much they loved ham for that time of year. I was not allowed to eat ham. It was against the diet laws. I actually did on several occasions, knowing and unknowingly. Then when the Christmas talk was over, it was Easter. I did not celebrate Easter because I was taught that it was pagan and it was not commanded in the bible. Then there was the keeping of the Sabbath, the one time in the week when everyone had fun. I was either stuck at services or stuck at home, not watching TV or not desiring any form of entertainment. I think the hardest for me was the keeping of Yahweh's holy days. During September – October I had to stay away a total of 3 random days; well at least random to others who did not understand. In addition, I had to dress in church attire. Therefore, I was in the middle of a working or school week, on my way to services and dressed in service attire. I could not have explained that, nor could I have explained why I was staying away from school. No one never really understood. The teachers accepted it because they did not have a choice. Throughout my life, I have read the scriptures, in efforts of challenging my parents to these observations that were making life a little bit difficult for me. When I raised what I thought was a good argument, they would shoot me down with even better arguments. Luckily my parents were understanding of why I would feel this way and allowed me to ask questions and challenge them. Therefore, the more explanations I got from them, the more I understood why I was observing these practices. The more I understood it, the more I was brave enough to stand in what I believed and not to conform to anyone else's beliefs. And I must say, I would not have become the person I am today without my strict religious background. It may have made me upset at times as a child, but it makes my life so much better as a woman. Churcch of St. Josn in Ragusa Ibla, Sicily (Photo by MC)


Ischaemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is a key source of myocardial damage in humans following acute myocardial infarction, post-cardiac arrest, and heart transplantation (1). The beneficial effects of ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) in minimising IR-induced damage to cardiac muscle have been extensively studied, and involve activation of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels (2). No previous studies have investigated the effects of IR injury or IPC in cardiac fibroblasts. Fibroblasts are responsible for maintaining the extracellular matrix in healthy hearts, and differentiate into the wound-healing phenotype, myofibroblasts, following cardiac injury (3). Our goals were to determine if: (a) IR injury induces cardiac fibroblasts to differentiate into myofibroblasts; and if so, (b) does IPC ameliorate the IR-induced myofibroblast differentiation? Hearts were removed from isoflurane-anaesthetised (5% induction, 2% maintenance; 1 l/min oxygen) adult female Sprague Dawley rats, and fibroblasts dissociated by standard enzymatic digestion (4). Freshly dissociated fibroblasts were exposed to 30, 60 or 120 minutes of ischaemia by coating pelleted cells with mineral oil (modified from 5), followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion when mineral oil was replaced with culture media. Fibroblasts were then placed under culture conditions and allowed to grow to ~70% confluency. Cultures were stained for expression of α-smooth muscle actin, a marker of myofibroblast differentiation (3). IR of all durations evoked significant differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, with 88±1% (mean±S.E.M., n=5) of cells differentiating following 30 minutes of ischaemia, 93±2% (n=4) following 60 minutes of ischaemia, and 92±1% (n=5) following 120 minutes of ischaemia. In contrast, time controls indicated that only 37±2% (n=5, 30 min), 30±1% (n=5, 60 min), and 45±2% (n=4, 120 min.) of cells differentiated from fibroblasts into myofibroblasts without IR. IPC produced by 15 minutes ischaemia and 30 minutes reperfusion, prior to 60 minutes of ischaemia and 60 minutes of reperfusion, significantly reduced the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts from 88±2% (n=7, no IPC) to 46±4% (n=7, IPC)(Fig. 1). The beneficial effect of IPC was reduced if cells were treated with 10 μM glibenclamide, a KATP channel blocker; in this protocol, 77±4% (n=8) of fibroblasts differentiated into myofibroblasts despite preconditioning (Fig. 1). These data indicate that IR injury strongly stimulates differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into the wound-healing phenotype, the myofibroblast. IPC prevented IR-induced differentiation in a glibenclamide-sensitive manner, suggesting that activation of KATP channels is part of the mechanism by which IPC protects cardiac fibroblasts.


In the United States, most rectal cancer surgery is performed by non-specialized surgeons in low-volume centers averaging less than ten procedures per year. This leads to varying rates of permanent colostomies as well as suboptimal oncologic outcomes. Mortality rates in low volume centers are also doubled compared to high-volume, colorectal-trained surgeons. The high volume specialized surgeons have lower operative mortality, lower permanent stoma rates, and improved overall 5-year survivals [2].


Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing operative to nonoperative therapy in adult FC patients. Outcomes were duration of mechanical ventilation (DMV), intensive care unit length of stay (ICULOS), hospital length of stay (HLOS), mortality, incidence of pneumonia, and tracheostomy. Background: Flail chest (FC) results in paradoxical chest wall movement, altered respiratory mechanics, and frequent respiratory failure. Despite advances in ventilatory management, FC remains associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Operative fixation of the flail segment has been advocated as an adjunct to supportive care, but no definitive clinical trial exists to delineate the role of surgery. Methods: A comprehensive search of 5 electronic databases was performed to identify randomized controlled trials and observational studies (cohort or case-control). Pooled effect size (ES) or relative risk (RR) was calculated using a fixed or random effects model, as appropriate. Results: Nine studies with a total of 538 patients met inclusion criteria. Compared with control treatment, operative management of FC was associated with shorter DMV [pooled ES: −4.52 days; 95% confidence interval (CI): −5.54 to −3.50], ICULOS (−3.40 days; 95% CI: −6.01 to −0.79), HLOS (−3.82 days; 95% CI: −7.12 to −0.54), and decreased mortality (pooled RR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.28–0.69), pneumonia (0.45; 95% CI: 0.30–0.69), and tracheostomy (0.25; 95% CI: 0.13–0.47). Conclusions: As compared with nonoperative therapy, operative fixation of FC is associated with reductions in DMV, LOS, mortality, and complications associated with prolonged MV. These findings support the need for an adequately powered clinical study to further define the role of this intervention.


A new distributed real-time ultrasonic detecting system for autonomous mobile robot based on multi-processor is designed and manufactured. This system consists ofa super workmethod controlling module andan intelligentultrasonic sensor array acted as the subsystem. In the sensor array, each sensor is controlled by an individual micro-processor which achieves the functions such as real-time data processing, interference rejecting, malfunction alarm, parallel communi- cation, and etc. Based on different controlling strategies, the super work method controlling module decides the sensors at different sides can be grouped to work in parallel way. In this system, data processing adopts "threshold comparison", "improved datashift average filter" and EERUF methods. These methods improved the real-time, precision performance of the system, and robust performance of mobile robot controlling. The simulation and experiment results show the pro- posed system has high validity and reliability.


This paper presents a novel single limb body balance analysis system which will aid medical practitioners to analyze crucial factor for fall risk minimization, injury prevention, fitness and rehabilitation programs. We use skeleton data obtained from Microsoft Kinect which captures full human body as well as ensures user's privacy. A new eigen vector based curvature analysis algorithm is developed to compute single limb stance (SLS) duration on the skeleton data. Two parameters vibration-jitter and force per unit mass (FPUM) are derived for each body part to assess postural stability during SLS. Experimental results show the efficacy of our system to apply it in medical domain.


Objective:To compare the different effect between the method of telescope retained fixed bridge and the method of traditional fixed bridge on the periodontal status of abutment tooth having periodontitis with dentition defect.Methods:In accordance with the choosing criteria,15patients,each with symmetrical missing of the first molar,were chosen.The selected 15patients with 60abutment teeth were divided into experimental and comparative groups,each with 30abutments.The abutments on both sides of each patient were classified into experimental and comparative groups at random,the abutments in experimental group were repaired by telescope retained fixed bridge,while that in comparative group by traditional fixed bridge.The SBI,TM,PD,AL of abutments in both groups were tested immediately after the repairing and in 3,6,and 12months respectively.The testing data were recorded.Results:On basis of test data for both of experimental and comparative groups,it can certify that condition of SBI,TM,PD,AL of experimental groups was more remarkable improved than comparative group's.Conclusion:Telescope retained fixed bridge can keep the periodontal variations of abutments more clean and healthy status than traditional fixed bridge,and it is benefit for keeping patient's abutments available for long time.


Considering the relationship of the embankment filling construction and the non-linear constitu- tive of the soil , a finite element analytical model for the high embankment slope reinforced with geogrids was set up. Based on this model , this paper analyz ed the behavior , displacement and destruction mecha- nism of such a slope , as well as the effect of the length , stiffness and laying distance of geogrids on the deformation of the embankment. The results show that geogrids with high elastic modulus and proper ex- tensibility will apparently reduce the lateral displacement and improve the stability of the high embank- ment. In addition , the increasing height of the embankment filling will result in the gradual movement of the strongest peak tension from each layer of geogrids towards the inside of embankment , and the tension imposed on geogrids decreases gradually from the top down , with the strongest one occurring at the second layer from the bottom. In the case of comparatively steep embankment slope ( ratio of slope 1: m , m ≤ 1. 0 ), the reinforcement length of geogrids is suppo sed to be 5. 5 8 m , and the laying distance 60 cm.


In this work we use a mapping technique to derive in the context of a constituent gluon model an effective Hamiltonian that involves explicit gluon degrees of freedom. We study glueballs with two gluons using the Fock–Tani formalism.


Probiotics are living microorganisms that, when administered to affected individuals as a supplement, confer beneficial effects to the host through their gut microbiota. As life expectancy increases, probiotic, antibiotic and symbolic studies have been increased in professionals with a better quality of life associated with longer life span. Note an indication of several clinical specialties for adjuvant treatment in an attempt to restore the healthy microbiome and reduce recurrent chronic and / or autoimmune diseases, conditions whose trigger factor is a disorder and improves nutrient absorption. The mechanism of action is based on restoring intestinal microbiota balance, restoring intestinal permeability, improving the immune function of the intestinal barrier and decreasing proinflammatory cytokine production, as well as stimulating selective selection or growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestine. and the pH of the intestine. In this study, a structured interview was conducted in Minas Gerais - GO with health professionals who use or use probiotics in their clinical clinics. The objective of this study was to identify the relevance of the use of probabilities as an adjuvant treatment in practice, and to evaluate the degree of knowledge of health professionals about the subject and the main difficulties used by them. In conclusion, through the result of this research, the use of these supplements depends on their viability and the correct type of strain prescribed for each case, as each species has its specific indication and when correctly prescribed, the observed results are satisfactory.


This study investigated the effects of a claimed ergogenic aid, peppermint odor inhalation, on running performance, under different experimenter-induced odor expectancy conditions. Eighteen fit, young women subjects performed 3 × ¼-mile runs, under three randomly assigned treatments: peppermint-scented mask; unscented mask; and no mask. Each subject was also given either a positive, negative, or neutral expectancy information message regarding peppermint's influence on performance. Results showed that neither peppermint inhalation nor expectancy information had any significant effect on running time. However, expectancy information did slow the running times of high positive affect subjects. Subjects receiving negative information showed significantly slower heart rates during the running task.


6-9.9; 10-14.9; >=15]. Test performances, and outcome adverse in each group were determined. We observed a statistically significant increase (p-value <0.001) of miscarriage rate in the group with the lowest FF, when compared to the other groups (1.27; 0.12; 0.11; 0.05), respectively. We also verified a statistically significant increase (p-value 0.006) in the FPR% in the group with lower FF, when compared to the other groups (0.80; 0.13; 0.04; 0.05), respectively. Remaining test performance parameters without statistically significant changes. High risk result test for Trisomy 13 and 18 shown a lower FF (p-value <0.001) when compared to pregnancies with high risk for trisomy 21. When comparing the BMI of the different FF groups, an inverse correlation was observed between the BMI and the FF, with the group with the lowest FF having the highest BMI (median 26.42, p-value <0.001). We also identified an increase in BMI associated with miscarriage; the main adverse outcome (median 24.56 p-value 0.049). with a higher risk of aneuploidy (1, 2, 3). Miscarriage was the most common outcome adverse identified in both groups of "no call" and low fetal fraction results, in this analysis. The performance rates across the groups were consistent as expected. However, in the group with lower levels of FF (between 4-5,9%) a FPR increased and a higher number of miscarriages, were identified. As the information regarding the causes of the miscarriages are not available, one possible explanation for the data found could be the association of cfDNA contribution from a non-identified vanishing twin gestation, as the demised fetus could continue released cfDNA into maternal blood by the time of blood collection. Vanishing twin cases had been associated with discrepant results and are not recommended to perform the test (1, 15, 16, 17). Trisomies 13 and 18 are associated with low levels of FF and higher rates of "no call" results (8) and could eventually explain the increased miscarriage rates in the "no call" group, as those trisomies and other chromosomal abnormalities are also commonly associated with miscarriages. (13, 14). Another possible explanation could be confined placental mosaicism, also correlated with low FF. Confined placental mosaicism, is an abnormal cell line that occurs almost solely in the placenta. The aneuploid placental cell lineages can affect the placental function and 16% to 21% of pregnancies with CPM show prenatal complications, which include miscarriages. The presence of mosaicism in the placenta can also influence risk estimation of a possible miscarriage. It's interesting to mention that chromosome 18 and 13, are frequently associated with mosaicism (11). Regarding the increased BMI identified in the group of miscarriage, also associated with low FF and "no call" group, this association may be explained by the effect of BMI directly on the total cfDNA levels. As the correlation between maternal weight and FF levels is well described. The presence of increased total cfDNA levels in obese pregnant women suggests its association with complications that may affect both maternal and fetal health. The raw DNA values need to be adjusted for maternal BMI for adequate interpretation of clinical tests that involve assessment of the FF (5).


This article analyzed the shortcomings of traditional experimental teaching system in cultivating innovation persons with ability.On the base of analysis,an innovation project in the experimental teaching system on 21st century was brought forward.At the same time,the experience on the application of PBL in mechanical foundation experimental teaching was showed out.


Sesquiterpene lactones, coumarins, phytoecdysones and phenolic compounds are characteristic of the species from the subtribe Centaureinae (Asteraceae). Many of the compounds isolated from plants of the Centaureinae subtribe have strong pharmacological properties. It may be suggested that these compounds' chemical structure might be an indicator of these pharmacological properties. The aim of the study was to describe recent studies in the field of phytotherapy, focusing on compounds isolated from chosen plants of Centaureinae and the possibilities of using them to treat antifungal infections, inhibit serotonin and ease symptoms of seborrhea dermatitis and hyperpigmentation. The results of these biological studies have shown that in the future, extracts from the above-mentioned plant material may be used as active substances in new safe and effective drugs.


(Poltava. 21-22 / XII 1981) Pathology of the vascular wall and blood coagulation disorders have long attracted close attention of specialists in various fields of theoretical and practical medicine. Therefore, the conference devoted to the study of the influence of vascular pathology on the processes of blood coagulation, the diagnosis of these disorders, as well as the consideration of the therapeutic possibilities of their correction, aroused great interest. The leading experts of our country took part in it.


Abstract— We have studied the subcellular distribution of exogenous and endogenous serotinin in slices from the hypothalamus and midbrain of several species. In a procedure which appears to label the endogenous pools, tissue slices were incubated with low concentrations of [3H]5‐HT (5 × 10‐8 M), for 45 min, when there was apparent equilibrium between [3H]5‐HT of tissue and medium. After the tissue slices were homogenized in 0‐32 M‐sucrose and subjected to differential centrifugation, the distribution of exogenous and endogenous 5‐HT in pellets and supernatant fluid was similar.


In many cases, we are interested in identifying independence between variables. For continuous random variables, correlation coefficients are often used to describe the relationship between variables; however, correlation does not imply independence. For finite discrete random variables, we can use the Pearson chi-square test to find independency. For the mixed type of continuous and discrete random variables, we do not have a general type of independent test. In this study, we develop a independence test of a continuous random variable and a discrete random variable without assuming a specific distribution using kernel density estimation. We provide some statistical criteria to test independence under some special settings and apply the proposed independence test to Pima Indian diabetes data. Through simulations, we calculate false positive rates and true positive rates to compare the proposed test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.


Jilin Provincial Academy of Agricultural Machinery initiated studies in 2000 to develop the methodology for successful application of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) for corn production on the deep silt loam soils of the northeast plains, China. Irrigation water use for corn can be reduced by 37–52% when using SDI compared with more traditional forms of irrigation in the region. Irrigation frequency has not been a critical issue when SDI is used for corn production on the deep silt loam soils of the region. A dripline spacing of 1.5 m has been found to be most economical for corn grown in 0.76 m spaced rows. Nitrogen fertigation was a very effective management tool with SDI, helping to maximize corn grain yield, while obtaining high efficiencies of nitrogen and water use. The research SDI systems have been utilized since 2000 without replacement or major degradation. SDI systems lasting 10–20 years are cost competitive for corn production with the more traditional forms of irrigation in the northeast plains for certain field sizes.


The area of Dongdagang of Nanyang city, Henan province is 2 761km~2, of which 23%, 55% and 22% area is mountain, hillock and plain respectively. Annual recoverable mining groundwater is 9 877.66×10~4m~3 within Dongdagang. Shallow groundwater is 9 184.87×10~4m~3, of which 42.0%, 22.5% and 28.4% is distributed in mountain, hillock and plain areas, respectively, and the deep groundwater is (692.79×10~4m~3). The distribution of groundwater is not uniform. Overall groundwater exploitation amount is (6 639.68×10~4m~3) in 2000 and 66% shallow groundwater (22% in plain area and 44% in hillock )and 34% deep groundwater are exploited. The groundwater is so serious shortage in the rock and hillock area that the questions of geological circumstance (eg. water level fallen seriously and the water quality changed badly in the hillock) have happened. With the large increase of population and the development of industry and agriculture at the Dongdagang region in Nanyang, the amount of groundwater exploitation has rapidly increased and serious environment issues have occurred. To obtain the aim of environmental protection, sustainable exploitation and utilization of the groundwater, exploitation and utilization planning of the groundwater are established on the base of analysis of actual and potential amount of groundwater resource. First, the exploitation potential is analyzed to gross of shallow and deep groundwater of hydro-geological unit. Second, the planning is constituted by the early or late sequence of drinking water for human and livestock, agriculture irrigation water requirement and industrial water consumption. The planning of shallow groundwater is plotted four regions and four sites by the gross, five regions by the drinking water for human and livestock and five regions and four sites by agriculture irrigation water requirement. The added exploitative springs are distributed in Heilong, warm, Dasongzhuang and Yaowan springs. But the deep groundwater is plotted five regions by the gross and can not be abused except the drinking water for human and livestock. It suggests that groundwater in plain area (abundant groundwater) be exploited and used in sustainable perspective and the groundwater of rock and hillock areas (seriously shortage groundwater) are filled by artificial recharge of groundwater.


Recent genetic improvement has developed pigs with maximum potential for protein deposit at higher weights; however, their optimal slaughter weight still needs to be determined. The objective of the study was to evaluate live performance, carcass traits, and economic viability of 417 Agroceres PIC pigs slaughtered with 100, 115, 130, and 145kg live weight. Pigs were reared in pens with 10-11 barrows and gilts each, offered a feed allowance of 2.8kg/pig/day until the following slaughter weights (SW): 99.65±0.82kg, 118.53±0.98kg, 133.97±1.17kg, and 143.90±1.24. There was no interaction between sex and SW (P>0.05). Backfat thickness, fat area, and loin eye area linearly increased with SW (P 0.05), and feed conversion ratio (R²=43.29%) linearly worsened with SW (P<0.001), but the effect of SW on live production cost (R$/kg) was quadratic, with the minimum point at 134.8kg. It was concluded that, under the applied management, increasing SW results in larger amount of lean tissue with no change in its yield and little effect on growth performance.


Corruption in German Political Discourse between 1780 and 1820: A Categorisation This article focuses on communication of corruption in Germany during the Sattelzeit around 1800. Its contents fall into three different categories: «Ancien Régime», «secret societies» and «bureaucracy». In regards to the first category, the article shows that the old structure of the prince's administration had been the target of (public) corruption charges since the 1780s. At the same time, secret societies were accused of corruption: In their case, the critics argued that members would favour their brothers for vacancies within the prince's administration. Since 1800, the new administrative structures came under suspicion of corruption as publicists regarded the rising expenditures as well as the powerful officialdom in itself as an abuse of public interests – they referred to it as the corrupt bureaucracy. In Germany, all of these categories were established during the Sattelzeit for which a shift in assumptions of corruption can be observed. Furthermore, the categories of corruption indicate the beginning of a clash of (incubating) political ideologies. It shows that all categories were part of a modern critique of corruption that were at the same time contenting a critique of modernity.


A greenhouse experiment was conducted on the performance of ten cultivars of chickpea (phule G5, L550, GNG146, ICCC32, BG26l, JG315, BMG413, Radhey, KPG24 and KPG70) in the zinc-stressed sodic soils at varying artificially created alkalinity (ESP 15.4, 20.8, 24.6 and 35.7) by addition of sodium bicarbonate to a normal loam soil (ESP 7.8). As compared to normal condition the magnitude of decrease in grain yield at ESP 20.8 was 82.76 per cent in Phule G5, 47.45 per cent in L550, 60.38 per cent in GNG 146,49.87 per cent in ICCC 32, 52.90 per cent in BG261, 52.72 per cent in JG 315, 80.95 per cent in BGM 413, 80.31 per cent in Radhey, 64.46 per cent in KPG 24, 58.73 per cent in KPG 70, the corresponding values with 20 mg Zn kg−1 application being 64.48, 34.28, 43.13, 34.94, 36.76, 36.18, 61.85, 61.34, 44.15 and 41.45 per cent. At ESP 35.7 there was no grain formation in cultivars Phule G5, BGM 413, Radhey, KPG 24 under Zn stress condition, however application of Zn resulted in grain formation. Thus, zinc supply to soil resulted in significant improvement in grain yield by inducing crop tolerance to alkalinity. Zinc helped in narrowing Na/K and Na/Ca+Mg ratio in tissues.


Objectives: To assess the feasibility of detection of fetal zygoma and to apply it in the evaluation of fetal mandibular anomaly. Methods: From 12–24 weeks of gestation using trans vaginal and abdominal probes, volume contrast imaging (VCI) OMNI view was applied parallel to the ear and orbit in a plane capturing the temporal bone and the zygomatic arch for the detection of the zygomatic bone. The examination was also conducted in all cases referred for evaluation of fetal mandibular anomalies. Results: 50 fetuses with normal profile were assessed for fetal zygoma from 12 to 24 weeks of gestation. In all cases the zygoma was detected by using VCI Omni View. Eight fetuses referred for mandibular anomaly in the study period. In 7 fetuses the fetal zygoma was detected. Four cases of with Pierre Robin sequence continued pregnancy and three cases with additional malformations terminated the pregnancies. One fetus referred due to suspected isolated retognathia at 15 weeks the zygomatic bone could not be detected. As Treacher–Collins was suspected parents opt to terminate the pregnancy. Conclusions: Fetal zygoma is feasible to detect from 12 weeks of gestation by using volume contrast imaging (VCI) OMNI view. We suggests to assess this facial bone in cases referred for mandibular anomalies as its absence or presence may assist in the differential diagnosis of mandibular anomalies.


This article analyses career trajectories into university management in Australia, South Africa and the United Kingdom (UK), skills required to operate effectively and the power of vice-chancellors (VCs) and their impact on the gendered shaping of university leadership. It is based on qualitative research with 56 male and female senior managers. The research found that the typical career path was modelled on male academic careers. Not surprisingly, in South Africa and the UK the perception of the top university leader was of a man but in Australia, where more women have been VCs, there was no such assumption. Characteristics valued in university leaders in Australia and South Africa were 'soft' leadership traits, but in the UK 'hard' aggressive and competitive leadership prevailed. VCs are enormously powerful and can shape the gender balance in management teams and thereby potentially broadening leadership styles beyond the predominant transactional model to include transformational leadership.


This paper documents local practitioners'divergent understandings of the purpose of one language arts innovation‐Extension with Parallel Block Scheduling. This study posits that the strikingly different lessons they learned from the innovation grew out of a potent legacy of past policy and the active and underspecified climate of current instructional policy. Further, both the structural features of the innovation itself and the lack of shared discourse across the district impeded practitioners' ability to construct shared meanings. The author speculates how the innovation might have provided opportunities for practitioners to learn from their divergent understandings in order to deepen and enact reformed language arts 1. Work on this paper was supported by the Education Policy and Practice Study (EPPS, which is funded in part by Michigan State University, and by grants from the Pew Charitable Trust (Grant No. 91‐04343‐000); Carnegie Corporation of New York (Grant No. B 5638); the National Science Foundat...


In this paper connection of environmental changes and oil and gas resources exploitation in the Russian Arctic is studied. The purpose is to predict the long-term consequences of environmental changes related to hydrocarbon activity in combination with climate changes in Russian Arctic. Ecological indicators and environmental parameters changes are presented. Monitoring of the Arctic environment and geo-information systems are studied. The forecasting changes of environmental parameters forms new conditions for the transition of the Russian Arctic to the trajectory of sustainable development.


A great deal of insight about a logic can be derived from the study of the diiculty of deciding if a given formula is provable in that logic. Most rst order logics are undecidable and are linear time decidable with no quantiiers and no propositional symbols. However , logics diier greatly in the complexity of deciding propositional formulas. For example, rst-order classical logic is undecidable, propositional classical logic is np-complete, and constant-only classical logic is decidable in linear time. Intuitionistic logic shares the same complexity characterization as classical logic except at the propositional level, where intuitionistic logic is pspace-complete. In this survey we review the available results characterizing various fragments of linear logic. Surprises include the fact that both propositional and constant-only linear logic are undecidable. The results of these studies can be used to guide further proof-theoretic exploration, the study of semantics, and the construction of theorem provers and logic programming languages.


Abstract : This thesis examines the democratization of the Republic of Bulgaria since 1989, the year of radical changes in the world and Eastern and Central Europe in particular. A review of history and events since 1944 provides clues to understand of the contemporary events on the Bulgarian political and social scene. The thesis describes the major actors and agents of the changes in the country. By dwelling upon some of the major achievements of the current government in the process of democratization, as well as the progress in the development of civil-military relations in the country, the thesis suggests the way ahead for the reform of politics, society and security in South Eastern Europe and Bulgaria.


Abstrcat Discussed in this article are characteristics of development in modern industrial design,based on which the threedimensional design is suggested to reform cartography teaching.


Abstract Three kinds of 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives, namely, biscoumarins (1–4), epoxydicoumarins (5–8) and dihydropyrans (9–12), were synthesized and the antibacterial activity of each of them was evaluated. The result of preliminary bioassay shows that the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of compounds 1 and 2 against drug-sensitive S. aureus (ATCC 29213) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA XJ 75302, Mu50, ATCC 700699 and USA 300) is 4–64 ug/mL. Additionally, there are two classical intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (HBs) in the structures of biscoumarins (1–4), and their corresponding HB energies were further calculated by the density functional theory (DFT) [B3LYP/6-31G*] method.


The main contribution of this work is a comprehensive mathematical and experimental study of retrodirective cross-eye jamming. The mathematical analysis considers all aspects of an isolated, single-loop, retrodirective cross-eye jamming engagement, thereby avoiding the approximations inherent in other cross-eye jamming analyses. Laboratory experiments that accurately represent reality, by using the radar for both transmission and reception, and simulating a true retrodirective cross-eye jammer, were performed to validate the theoretical analysis. Lastly, the relationship between the angular error induced in the radar being jammed and the matching required from a cross-eye jammer system was explored. The most important conclusion of this work is that the traditional analyses of cross-eye jamming are inaccurate for the conditions under which cross-eye jammers operate. These inaccuracies mean that the traditional analyses are overly conservative, particularly at short ranges and for high cross-eye gains, suggesting that practical cross-eye jammers can be realized more easily than is generally believed. Ant Colony Optimization Applied to Laminated Composite Materials


This chapter compares the oldest old in the United States with their counterparts in seven other countries that represent a spectrum of the industrial world. These countries include Australia and Canada two of the youngest developed countries; the Federal Republic of Germany Sweden and the United Kingdom which are among the oldest; Japan the emergent industrial giant; and Hungary an Eastern European nation. Discussion focuses initially on past present and future growth of the oldest old which helps to provide a perspective for the rest of the issues raised. The chapter then examines widowhood and the ratio of the oldest old to their potential caretakers over time. The life expectancy and causes of mortality of the very old also are examined followed by a comparison of the level and sources of income of the very old in six countries. A short section on the Peoples Republic of China is added at the end because of the unique aging issues China faces in the future. (EXCERPT)


This paper takes a fresh look at Farjat's method for construing and applying economic law by way of "substantive analysis," which constitutes the hallmark of the Nice School approach to this field of the law. In essence, through this method, Farjat seeks to overcome the formalistic application of statutory—and in particular of codified—law, which is typical of traditional thinking in French civil law. By contrast, the substantive analysis of economic law takes a more realistic, contextual view of the entire set of facts the law is intended to govern, stressing that these facts are reshaped by the law but also, conversely, that the facts can also reshape the law. As a result, the law itself becomes subject to critical appraisal, which is based on an interdisciplinary (economic, sociological, and societal) evaluation. The problem then is to deal adequately with the dissolution of established concepts the substantive analysis entails as well as with the blurring of demarcation lines. The paper discusses these difficulties against the backdrop of modern legal theory as it has evolved over the past decades.


The negotiation of bilateral co-production agreements had a major impact on European film-making from the 1950s to the 1970s. These agreements also provided the basis for the closer integration of Europe's film industries within what was then the European Economic Community (EEC). However, the British government was slow to adopt co-production arrangements and British film-makers tended to be more reticent about using them once they were made available. This article examines the British experience of European co-production during this period, focusing on the negotiation and implementation of the Franco-British co-production agreement of 1965 in the context of broader debates about film production and policy within the EEC. Particular attention is given to Someone Behind the Door (1971), a proposed Franco-British film which was ultimately made as a collaboration between French and Italian production companies after delays on the British side caused the French producer to withdraw from the UK. The correspondence collected by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) as the proposal for Someone Behind the Door was processed – including input from film union and producer associations – provides a unique insight into the bureaucratic policies and procedures which encumbered European co-production in Britain. While continental film-makers established comfortable habits of cooperation, British co-production was stymied from the outset by a misalignment between the interests of Britain's government, its film unions and its producers.


Context: The lack of sensitivity and specificity of the existing diagnostic markers in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) stimulates the search for new biomarkers to improve diagnostic sensitivity especially in seronegative cases. Aims: To estimate the levels of 14-3-3 η in RA cases, to assess the positivity of 14-3-3 η in seronegative RA and to correlate rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity with 14-3-3 η positivity in seropositive RA. Settings and Design: This was cross sectional case control study by the Departments of Biochemistry and Rheumatology and clinical immunology. Subjects and Methods: A total of 61 RA cases and 20 healthy controls were included. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, high sensitivity C reactive protein, RF, anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (CCP) and 14-3-3 η protein were estimated. RA cases were further classified as seropositive (n = 23) and seronegative (n = 38) based on the positivity of either RF or anti-CCP result. Statistical Analysis: Prism 7 (GraphPad Software Inc.). Results: The median levels of 14-3-3 η (ng/ml) in cases (0.66 [0.2–1.1]) were significantly high compared to controls (0.1 [0.07–0.28]), P < 0.0001. It had a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 90% at >0.3 ng/ml. 14-3-3 η showed statistically significant difference between seronegative cases and controls (P = 0.0003). The sensitivity and specificity of RF and anti-CCP were 33% and 85% and 37% and 90% respectively. The combination of 14-3-3 η, RF and anti-CCP showed sensitivity and specificity of 85.4% and 100% respectively with area under the curve 0.927. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that serum levels of 14-3-3 η were significantly higher in cases compared to controls. Seronegative RA cases showed 14-3-3 η positivity in 71% of cases. 14-3-3 η appears to be a useful and highly specific marker in RA.


Constructing the tree type logic structure of a file and introducing the view mechanism of database system into the file system, the hierarchical structure of view files is created. Different files ( view files ) are provided to different users according to their levels or interests by mapping layer by layer with beginning of the minimum access unit (the logic block). It can solve the problem of the discrepancy of users views.


A numerical model for direct phase-resolved simulation of nonlinear ocean waves propagating through fragmented sea ice is proposed. In view are applications to wave propagation and attenuation across the marginal ice zone. This model solves the full equations for nonlinear potential flow coupled with a nonlinear thin-plate formulation for the ice cover. Distributions of ice floes can be directly specified in the physical domain by allowing the coefficient of flexural rigidity to be spatially variable. Dissipation due to ice viscosity is also taken into account by including diffusive terms in the governing equations. Two-dimensional simulations are performed to examine the attenuation of solitary waves by scattering and damping through an irregular array of ice floes. Wave attenuation over time is quantified for various floe configurations.


The electrochemical potential of an electrode containing the bronze H/sub 2x/V/sub 2/O/sub 5/ at equilibrium state has been measured for 0 < x < 1.7 in order to characterize the intermediate phases. /sup 51/V NMR, /sup 1/H NMR, and EPR studies have shown that interaction between different cations (V/sup 5 +/, V/sup 4 +/, V/sup 3 +/) plays an important role in the stability of these phases. The V/sup 3 +/ ion seems to be stabilized in a 3d/sub 1/4s/sub 1/ electronic configuration. 9 references, 8 figures, 2 tables.


Among the many problems the students faced in learning English, especially in Speaking skill, many of the recent studies mentioned anxiety as one of the common psychological issue. One of the solutions emerged is by being aware and by improving parental involvement in language learning. The aims of this study are to investigate the students' anxiety during Speaking as well as to describe the parental involvement to overcome students' Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA). This descriptive qualitative study applied descriptive analysis which focused on the lived experience of secondary students and their parents role to help them to cope up with their Speaking anxiety. Semi-structured interview and classroom observation were used to collect the data. There were 5 students and 5 parents participated. The result showed that the students were anxious the most about Speaking test and during presentation. Another finding also showed that parents involved themselves the most by fulfilling students' academic needs and give their children encouragement in learning English. This study have implications for parents, students and teachers in the attempt to overcome FLA among EFL students.


Audio watermarking is the technique used for hiding secret information in a host signal and main aim of this system is secure data communication. The security of audio watermarking technique is depends on information embedding and information detection techniques. In this paper we examined both data hiding as well as data extraction technique using FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) and DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) based on Fibonacci numbers. This system is implemented in hardware Raspberry pi3 model B too. The principle theme used in proposed method is divide the FFT and DWT spectrum in short frames, and change the samples in each frame by Fibonacci numbers. The frame length and frequency band are the two important parameters used in proposed scheme, can be used to obtain small error rate, high capacity and better robustness. The results shows that scheme has very less error change between original and watermarked signal using FFT, but in case of using DWT the method achieves approximately zero error rate between original and watermarked signal. So the proposed method provides high capacity using both FFT and DWT methods.


For mechanical systems operating at high tempertature, thermal fatigue phenomenon has been recognized as a major cause of mechanical component failures. To evaluate cumulative fatigue damage as a conesquence of thermal fatugue on real time, the stress tranfer function(Green's function) approach is popularly used. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of thermophsical properties on the stress tranfer function. For this purpose a modified Green's function approach considering temperature-dependent thermophysical properties is proposed. Two case studies were performed and the proposed approach agrees well with full finite element analysis.


This paper presents the outcome of the teaching project called Creative Recycling , proposed to the students of the 2018 first period of the Electromechanics technical course, with the aim of stimulating the reuse (recycling) of materials in a creative way. The project had as main requirement to create a prototype using at least seventy percent recyclable material. After the initial stage of discussions, the group decided to develop a set containing a hydraulic jack powered by an electric motor and a small air compressor. The jack has the function of raising and lowering the vehicle for tire replace or maintenance the air compressor is used for filling and or calibrating the pressure tires. An electronic apparatus has been added to the set allowing both the hydraulic jack and the air compressor to be operated by remote control.


In this paper, the authors report on a series of experiments that use carefully applied perturbations to a dust cloud to reproducibly investigate the formation of the microparticle cloud and the formation of dust cloud‐plasma interface. Here, one micron diameter alumina microparticles are suspended in an argon dc glow discharge plasma. A perturbing voltage pulse is applied to the cathode, causing a momentary disruption in the confinement of the dust cloud. After the perturbation, the cloud reforms, typically with a central "mass" and two "streams" of particles that are flowing into the cloud from both sides. Through the use of stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (stereo‐PIV), the complete three‐dimensional velocity of the microparticles can be measured. The particles in the streams are used as test particles to characterize the forces acting upon the microparticles. Analysis of the experimental measurements suggests that the effective neutral drag force may be lower than expected.


Researchers have argued that leisure and leisure spaces are gendered, differentiating men and women in their opportunities for and outcomes of leisure (e.g., Aitchison, 1999; Henderson & Shaw, 2006). Gender expectations generate leisure constraints especially for women (Shaw et al., 1991). Furthermore, within the female group, lesbians face additional constraints because of the intersection of sexism with homophobia (Pritchard et al., 2002; Taylor, 2007). In 2011, I conducted an online pilot study with a sample of 813 lesbians which suggested that for most participants, selfconsciousness and fear of harassment prevented them from fully enjoying their leisure in public spaces. This is of particular concern because studies have suggested that the provision of leisure in gay-friendly environments can be an important tool to help lesbians cope with marginalization and stress (Skeggs, 1999; Iwasaki & Ristoki, 2004). Research into the meaning of leisure for lesbians; however, is scarce and little is known about leisure spaces that are specifically designed for (rather than simply tolerant of) people in the LGBTQ community. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the experiences of lesbians who attend a straight-friendly church in order to investigate the characteristics of the leisure setting and the meanings attributed to their leisure experiences. Participants were 7 women recruited from the church who completed semistructured interviews. The data was digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically. Participants described the church as a leisure space that played an important role in their lives. Themes emerged related to the church as a leisure space including:


A comprehensive study documenting the work of engineer and architect Santiago Calatrava who, through his projects and buildings, has attained international recognition in the 1990s.


Particle size distribution of dry aerosol originating from
laser ablation of standard material was monitored by two
spectrometers - Fast Mobility Particle Sizer (FMPS) and
Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) simultaneously with
laser ablation - ICP-MS analysis.


'Russet Burbank' potatoes were planted 17-18 Apr at the University of Idaho, Research and Extension Center, Caldwell, Idaho, in Vickery-Marsing silt loam. Treatments were applied to 2-row plots, 20 ft long, separated by 3 ft borders of 'Red Pontiac' potatoes in a randomized complete block design with 6 replications. Eleven insecticides were used at various chemical/rate combinations to give 30 treatments plus an untreated check. All treatments were applied at planting either in-furrow (IFAP), broadcast (BDCST), broadcast in a 10 inch band (10" band), or pre-plant surface spray. Capture was applied as a pre-plant spray using a CO2 pressurized hand-sprayer at 35-40 psi delivering ca. 40 gal water/acre. Those chemicals applied broadcast or in a 10 inch band were applied by hand, then soil incorporated. Counts for aphids and the CPB were made weekly by examining 10 leaves/plot.