The utility model provides a switching power supply circuit with a flyback structure, which comprises an AC (Alternating Current) power supply input rectification and electromagnetic interference filter circuit, a flyback switching circuit, an output filter circuit, a feedback sampling circuit, a control circuit and a power supply circuit, wherein the input end of the AC power supply input rectification and electromagnetic interference filter circuit is connected with an AC power supply, the output end of the AC power supply input rectification and electromagnetic interference filter circuit is connected with the input end of the flyback switching circuit and the input end of the control circuit, the input end of the flyback switching circuit is connected with the output end of the AC power supply input rectification and electromagnetic interference filter circuit and the output end of the control circuit, the output end of the flyback switching circuit is connected with the input end of the output filter circuit, the input of the control circuit and the input end of the power supply circuit, the input end of the output filter circuit is connected with the output end of the flyback switching circuit, the output end of the output filter circuit is connected with the input end of the feedback sampling circuit, the input end of the feedback sampling circuit is connected with the output end of the output filter circuit, and the output end of the feedback sampling circuit is connected with the input end of the control circuit.


— In the convergence between operations and information technologies, important changes are determined in the business models of vertically integrated Utility companies, which range from the formulation of new technical management processes and the redefining of organizational structures, to new directions for the strategic development of applications and services. From a wider perspective, the IT-OT convergence has enabled the trend which is changing the future of electricity services: Smart Grids. This article presents the concepts and driving forces which are most relevant to the IT-OT convergence, from which a framework is formulated that identifies models, disciplines and processes that should be considered during an orderly development process.


This guide introduces you to Sherrod Library's Women's Studies resources and points you toward other relevant resources outside the library which will inform and aid you in meeting your research goals.


Currently, man is living in a world where norms and the limits they offer as protection against many situations are diffuse. Today, anything seems possible. Everything is or is not depending on the agreements parties reach; complexity is present and is glimpsed through uncertainty and chaos, which makes it difficult to be sure in one's thinking due to not knowing (complex force) identity. Nevertheless, current society is negotiating. It negotiates and is negotiated and through this dynamic it contributes to the viability of life or lack of the same and therefore, of businesses. The purpose of this article is to relate the concepts of identity, conflict and negotiation seen from the labor viewpoint, in order to offer the reader, in a simple manner, an adequate formula for working on conflict and thereby achieving organizational success. The study presents descriptive, field research with a transversal design.


Soil erosion is a dynamic environmental process that influenced by multiple factors. However, most previous studies only examined the causative factors without ranking their relative importance or examining the individual factors. In this work, back-propagation (BP) neural network modelling and grey relational analysis were used to rank the effects of 7 factors—vegetation growth stage (VGS), vegetation type (VT), vegetation cover (VC), rainfall intensity (RI), rainfall duration (RD), antecedent soil moisture (ASM) and slope gradient (SG)—on total runoff (TR) and total sediment (TS) following simulated rainfall events at 5 intensities (30, 45, 60, 90, 120 mm h–1). The experimental plots including 4 treatments, bare soil (control), ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), purple medic (Medicago sativa L.) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under 4 different slopes (9%, 18%, 27.8%, 36.4%). BP models were constructed to predict TR and TS; their predictions tracked the experimental data very closely. A factor analysis based on the BP models ranked the influence of the 7 factors on TR and TS as RI > VC > ASM > RD > VGS > VT > SG and RI > VC > SG > ASM > RD > VGS > VT, respectively. Grey relational analysis provided similar results, ranking the effects of these factors on TR and TS in the order RI > VC > ASM > RD > SG > VGS > VT and RI > VC > SG > ASM > RD > VT > VGS, respectively. These results indicate that runoff and sediment yield depend most strongly on RI and VC, while the effects of the other factors are less pronounced.


As one of meshless methods.The material point method is a new numerical simulation method which evolved from the Particle-in-Cell method.The MPM takes advantage of both Eurlerian and Lagrangian methods.Strain and stress values of the material points under impact load are calculated by governing equations and constitutive relation.The deformation and fracture of continuum body are described by the material points coordinate,and background mesh is fixed.The MPM is used to simulate explosive welding problem in this paper.Three dimensional deformation of the flyer plate and base plate are simulation under detonation load,and impact velocity and explosion pressure of the flyer plate are calculated.


We demonstrate an optical frequency transfer over a 377 km-long fiber link using three bi-directional Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) to compensate the fiber attenuation. Through active phase noise cancellation, we obtain a transfer instability of 2.2×10-14 at 1 s and 6.2×10-17 at 2000 s. The lasing effects induced by EDFAs are observed in the transfer link which reduce the gain performance of the EDFAs and deteriorate the stability of the signal. In the paper, the factors that may induce the lasing effects is discussed, specially, improper phase locking parameters may stimulate the lasing effects. The phase noise of the 377 km link and the transfer instability versus fiber lengths is also researched. This work makes a good foundation for our future research on long-distance optical frequency transfer.


The study investigates the feasibility of the Lamb wave topological imaging method for detecting multiple blindholes in an isotropic plate. The topological imaging method is performed based on the computations of two
wave fields, a forward and an adjoint, in the defect-free reference medium using different emitting sources. The
image is computed by multiplying the forward and adjoint wave fields together and integrating them over time or
frequency. The interferences of multimode aliasing and the scattering effect can thus be eliminated at the defectfree positions with an improved image resolution. To investigate the physical mechanism, the refocusing process of
the multimode Lamb waves at the defect positions is presented by a face-to-face comparison between the snapshots
of the forward and adjoint wave fields using the finite element simulation. The Lamb wave topological imaging
method is numerically and experimentally verified to identify multiple blind-holes in an isotropic aluminium plate.
The results demonstrate that the topological imaging method enables the suppression of the sartefacts resulting
from the mode conversion and achieve high-resolution imaging of the blind defects


This paper describes in detail how to select components of the peripheral circuits of LT3748. In this paper, the LT3748 is introduced to produce an 8Vout at 3A from the nominal input voltage -48V with an operating input voltage range of -38.4V to -72V, where -48V is a common telecommunications equipment voltage. The test results show the output voltage and the current meet the demand of the project and the efficiency of the circuit is about 70%.


This study investigated the personality facets that underpin the construct of problem-solving style, particularly when approaching more creative kinds of problem-solving. Cattell's Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire and VIEW—An Assessment of Problem Solving Style were administered to 165 students from the Norwegian Business School. We explored relationships through correlational and regression analysis. Personality profiles were derived for each of VIEW's three dimensions and were in generally expected directions. Those with an Explorer preference were more imaginative and idea oriented, open to change, unconventional, freethinking, and flexible than Developers. Those with a Developer preference were more practical and solution oriented, more traditional, rule conscious, conservative, and respecting of traditional ideas. Those with an External preference were more group oriented, affiliative, socially bold, warm, and attentive to others than those with an Internal preference. Those with a more Task-oriented preference were more impersonal, detached, utilitarian, and tough minded than those with Person-oriented preference. We outlined implications and suggestions for further research.


SUMMARY A prospective assessment of precordial ST segment depression in acute inferior myocardial infarction was made comparing clinical characteristics, and the hospital and post-hospital course. One hundred and ten consecutive patients with inferior infarction and without previous infarction were allocated to three electrocardiographic groups. Group 1 consisted of 35 patients with inferior or inferolateral infarction without precordial ST depression. Group 2 consisted of 59 patients with 1 mm or more precordial ST depression, subdivided into 36 patients with transient ST depression (2t) and 23 patients with ST depression persisting for 48 hours or more after the admission electrocardiogram (2p). Group 3 had 16 patients with definite inferoposterior or inferoposterolateral infarction. Patients in group 2 were older than those in group 1, had higher peak creatine kinase levels, and had atrial fibrillation and atrioventricular block requiring treatment more frequently. These clinical differences were largely contributed by subgroup 2p. Compared wiih group 1, subgroup 2p contained relatively more women and there were more instances of ventricular fibrillation and left ventricular failure. The hospital stay was longer in this subgroup. Compared with group 3, patients in group 2p were older, had a greater proportion of women, and were more commonly previously hypertensive. Patients in subgroup 2t had higher creatine kinase levels and more frequent atrioventricular block than those in group 1. Differences in hospital mortality and in other clinical features were not significant among the groups. During a mean follow-up period of 17 (12 to 32) months left ventricular failure was more common in subgroup 2p compared with groups 1 and 2t and recurrent infarction occurred more often in subgroup 2p compared with group 1. No late deaths occurred in groups 1 and 3, but three (5%) patients in group 2 died. Our data show that persistent precordial ST depression in patients with inferior infarction is a reliable marker of an adverse hospital and post-hospital course.


The undeniable progress made over the last decade in the treatment of patients with severe juvenile arthritis has ranked in the order of priorities for the provision of efficient and reliable continuity in the management tactics for patients after their transition from their follow-up by a pediatrician to adult rheumatology service. A number of objective difficulties in organizing such continuity are associated primarily with the heterogeneity of the juvenile arthritis group in its clinical manifestations and nosological outcomes. The features of physiological processes of a growing organism cause significant differences in the nature of the course, manifestations of certain clinically significant syndromes (for example, delayed axial skeleton involvement after the onset in juvenile spondyloarthritis), radiological pattern and immunological markers in juvenile-onset rheumatic diseases. Timely active therapy with increasingly available innovative technologies, biological agents in particular, provides a successful disease-modifying effect, so when a patient with juvenile arthritis is transferred from his/her follow-up by a pediatrician to adult rheumatology service, there may be a wrong opinion about the performed redundant therapy and the expediency of its cancellation or correction, which sometimes leads to irreparable negative consequences. The used indices and other tools to assess the activity and functional status are fundamentally different in children and adults with joint inflammatory diseases. The paper presents a brief review of the current state of the problem and international experience with continuity in the follow-up of patients with juvenile arthritis between pediatric and adult rheumatology service.


: Objective: To determine the frequency of prediabetes in patients of chronic hepatitis C infection. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Medicine, Shahida Islam Medical & Dental College, Lodhran from January 2018 to June 2018 over the period of six months. Total 182 patients with hepatitis C infection having age 30-60 years either male or female were selected from Department of Medicine Civil Hospital Bahawalpur. Prediabetes was assessed in selected patients. Results: Total 182 patients with hepatitis C were selected. Mean age of the patients was 43.27 ± 9.47 years. Out 182 patients, prediabetes was found in 115 (57%) patients. Prediabetes was observed in 68 (63.55%) patients and 47 (62.67%) patients respectively in age group 30-45 years and age group 46-60 years. No association (P = 1.00) of prediabetes with age groups was observed. Total 44 (42.31%) male patients and 71 (91.03%) female patients were found with prediabetes. Conclusion: Results of present study demonstrates a higher percentage of prediabetes in hepatitis C infected patients. No association of prediabetes was found with advancing age. Findings of present study also revealed that most of the females are victim of prediabetes as compared to males. Hypertension and obesity was significantly associated with development of prediabetes.


Responding to other contributions in this ILR volume, I revisit the distinction between civil disobedience and conscientious objection, highlighting the fact that the distinction between the two is not exclusive; I discuss the extent to which the state's obligation to respect citizens' right to conscientious behavior extends to cases of civil disobedience; I note problems in empirical arguments about the dangers of civil disobedience; I highlight a fallacy in attempts to apply a universalizability test here; and I insist that the willingness to pay the price for one's violation is not a necessary condition of the justification of the act of civil disobedience.


Two methods of determining the fractional crystallinity of pulp materials containing lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose have been investigated. X-ray diffraction is able to give a clear indication of the relative fractional crystallinity by making the simple assumption that the diffractogram is a combination of a broad halo from the amorphous regions and sharp diffraction peaks from a highly crystalline regions. Although no quantitative data was obtained from solid state C-13 NMR spectra components were clearly identified from the amorphous and crystalline regions of cellulose in the pulps.


Objective To investigate the risk factors of invalid immunization of hepatitis B vaccination on adults and to provide intervening strategies.Methods Pair matched case-control study method was used.330 cases and 330 controls were interviewed by questionnaires.Statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS software.Results 4,273 adults were vaccinated and the rate of invalid anti-HBs was 8.3%.Factors such as BMI,smoking,drinking,family history were associated with invalid immunization risk in one-way variance model,and multiple factor logistic regression showed that 3 factors such as smoking,BMI,family history were associated with invalid immunization,with OR value of 1.029~2.722,3.198~25.760 and 3.999~35.820 respectively.Conclusion The rate of invalid immunization could be reduced by keeping natural BMI,forbidding smoking and preventing cross infection in the family.


The properties of coherent nonlinear gain are utilized for generating stable pulses with durations shorter than the inverse spectral width of the gain profile. A passive cw mode-locking technique making use of the coherent gain and the coherent absorber is proposed as the basis for a self-induced transparency soliton laser. The basic features of pulse evolution including the pulse shortening effect are described.


The fermented cassava starch has been used as raw material for many products of the Brazilian culinary mainly in the biscuit manufacturing. Starch of arrowroot, english potato, baroa-potato and cassava were extracted and fermented in order to investigate other fermented starch sources for manufacturing biscuits. The fermented starch showed characteristics similar to those of commercial fermented cassava starch. The biscuits manufactured from the fermented starch of english potato didn't expand and was very hard and the biscuits manufactured from the fermented starch of arrowroot and of baroa-potato were approved by the consumers and can be used in the biscuit manufacturing the same way as the fermented cassava starch.


The enantioselectivity of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) towards L- and D-N-acetyltryptophan (NAcTrp) has been studied in aqueous solution and the crystalline state. NMR studies in solution show that β-CD forms complexes of very similar but not identical geometry with both L- and D-NAcTrp and exhibits stronger binding with L-NAcTrp. In the crystalline state, only β-CD–L-NAcTrp crystallizes readily from aqueous solutions as a dimeric complex (two hosts enclosing two guest molecules). In contrast, crystals of the complex β-CD–D-NAcTrp were never obtained, although numerous conditions were tried. In aqueous solution, the orientation of the guest in both complexes is different than in the β-CD–L-NAcTrp complex in the crystal. Overall, the study shows that subtle differences observed between the β-CD–L,D-NAcTrp complexes in aqueous solution are magnified at the onset of crystallization, as a consequence of accumulation of many soft host–guest interactions and of the imposed crystallographic order, thus resulting in very dissimilar propensity of each enantiomer to produce crystals with β-CD.


This article addresses the issue of non-communication in the naming of a work of art and its features in the interpretation of the process in modern linguistics. In addition, an attempt is made to analyze and study anthroponyms and phrases, analogies and metaphors in the Uzbek language as lingvocultures, which are the object of science. The interpretation of the nomination process in modern linguistics is mutually adequate (similar) in terms of semantic features, some of which are not only in terms of content, but also in terms of external structure and form.


Liquid densities of solutions of CCl4 and CH2Cl2 have been measured at 20°C, and the excess volume has been obtained. Liquid‐vapor equilibrium studies have been made at 30°, 35°, and 39°C, and the excess free energy of mixing has been deduced. Liquid viscosities have been measured at 20°C. The excess free energy of activation for viscous flow has been calculated. Vapor viscosity measurements have been made on the same system at 20°, 80°, and 140°C, as an adjunct to the theory to calculate the parameters in the Lennard‐Jones potential.


A 40-year-old male presented with anterior ST-segment elevation and normal left ventricular contractility at the bedside echocardiogram; an emergent coronary angiogram showed a rare and often overlooked cause of this clinical presentation: a conus branch occlusion causing right ventricular infarction, which was confirmed by cardiac magnetic resonance.


Provided is a dyeing and finishing processing technology of polyester filament high-imitation cotton fabric. Fiber fluffy three-dimensional effect can be obvious by carrying out ring size steaming cylinder preshrinking on fabric, and cotton imitation effect is better. Alkali peeling processing is carried out on the fabric, so that the surface part of terylene is etched by alkali and generates diffuse reflection, and accordingly the fabric gloss is gentle, and the fabric is closer to cotton fabric in vision. Proper temperature is used in later forming and drying so that the fabric can have hand feeling with proper softness, the hand feeling reaches the hand feeling of the cotton fabric, the reagent formula for moisture absorption and sweat releasing can improve the moisture guiding and quick drying function of the fabric, and antistatic and easy-decontaminating effect is achieved. High-imitation cotton produced by the whole dyeing and finishing processing technology meets the requirements of cotton products in appearance, hand feeling and comfort degree, and tests show that moisture absorption and quick drying performance, the breaking strength and tear resistance are improved, and antistatic property and color fastness are greatly improved compared with common cotton fabric.


The dynamic instability of doubly curved panels with a centrally located circular cutout, subjected to nonuniform compressive in-plane harmonic edge loading is investigated. The present work deals with the problem of the occurrence of combination resonances in contrast to single (mode) resonances in parametrically excited doubly curved panels with a central circular cutout. The method of multiple scales is used to obtain analytical expressions for the single (mode) and combination resonance instability regions. It is shown that other cases of the combination resonance can be of major importance and yield a significantly enlarged instability region in comparison to the principal instability region. The effects of nonuniform edge loading, centrally located circular cutout, damping, the static, and dynamic load factors on dynamic instability behavior of simply supported doubly curved panels are studied. The results show that under localized edge loading, combination resonance zones are as important as single (mode) resonance zones. The effects of damping show that there is a finite critical value of the dynamic load factor for each instability region below which doubly curved panels cannot become dynamically unstable. A central circular cutout has the destabilizing effect on the dynamic stability behavior of doubly curved panels subjected to nonuniform edge loading. This example of simultaneous excitation of two modes, each oscillating steadily at its own natural frequency, may be of considerable interest in vibration testing of actual structures.


Stay-at-home orders save lives, but the extent to which they threaten livelihoods depends on the nature of one's work. This report examines how much the ability to work from home has mitigated the economic effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The data were collected through the RAND American Life Panel as part of an ongoing analysis of the effects of COVID-19.


4/4 1...2...1234 How many roads must a man walk down before you call him a man? How many seas must a white dove sail be-fore she sleeps in the sand? How many times must the cannonballs fly before they're for-ever banned? The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind, the answer is blowin' in the wind. How many times must a man look up before he can see the sky? How many ears must one man have be-fore he can hear people cry? How many deaths will it take 'til he knows that too many people have died? The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind, the answer is blowin' in the wind. How many years can a mountain exist before it is washed to the sea? How many years can some people ex-ist be-fore they're al-lowed to be free?


We initiate a more serious debate about the consequences of Résumé-Driven Development on software development practice. We explain how this previously anecdotally and somewhat humorously reported phenomenon may constitute a harmful self-sustaining dynamic and provide practical recommendations for the hiring and applicant perspectives to change the current situation for the better.


Developments in the Wittig and Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons (HWE)-olefination of aldehydes and ketones with stabilised phosphoranes or phosphonates provide opportunities for multicomponent reactions and for reactions with greatly reduced solvent requirements. The in situ preparation of phosphonium salts, phosphoranes or phosphonates and carrying out the reaction and product workup in a biphasic medium can greatly facilitate the reactions. Microwave irradiation and ultrasonication can shorten reaction times considerably. Wittig and HWE reactions have also been carried out in the solid phase, with either polymer-bound reagents or in Wittig reactions with reagents adsorbed on silica or alumina. Good E- and Z-selectivity has been achieved, despite the E/Z-directivity of the carbonyl reagent and of the residue linked to the phosphorane moiety.


Restricted by the natural environment factors, the high altitude and cold regions have low air pressure, low air density, large temperature difference between day and night, and long freezing and cold time. During the construction, strict requirements are put forward for the material preparation, material transportation, construction machinery, construction technology, workers' personal safety and other aspects. Based on the engineering construction in Tibet, this paper studies the optimization scheme of concrete mix proportion and the systematic insulation measures of concrete construction in high altitude and cold regions. The influence of ultra-low temperature on metal welding process is studied. The effects of welding wire selection, welding environment guarantee and worker training on welding quality assurance are studied. The calculation method of mechanical efficiency reduction and the influence of altitude on environmental factors and quota adjustment coefficient are studied. The results of this study provide reference and technical support for the construction in high altitude and cold areas.


One can use two fundamentally different strategies to learn to recognize foreign speech sounds: Accept a sound as something new to be learned and form new codes which include accurate detail to represent it [Code Forming (CF) strategy], or assume the sound is a distorted version of something familiar, recognizing the sound immediately by using existing codes and ignoring inaccurate detail [Code Using (CU) strategy]. The language learning environment of the child or of a person in a foreign country encourages the CF strategy, while that of the typical classroom student encourages the CU strategy. Surprisingly, the two strategies result in about the same rate of learning. But they produce different processing capabilities, the CF strategy produces about 90 ms faster encoding; the CU strategy about 45 ms faster memorial comparison. In learning a language, one should use the CF strategy to develop fast encoding speed, while consciously focusing on other aspects of the language. (Reference: dissertation of sam...


Insulin action begins when insulin binds to its receptor, located in the plasma membrane of cells, causing a conformational change in the receptor and activation of its tyrosine kinase activity. This increase in insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity autophosphorylates the insulin receptor, increasing its interaction with and phosphorylation of several signaling molecules, including Shc and insulin receptor substrates (primarily IRS-1). Signaling through Shc leads to the activation of the MAP kinase pathway, which is involved in mediating insulin's mitogenic effects. The use of MAP kinase inhibitors in vitro suggest that the MAP kinase pathway is not involved in mediating insulin's metabolic effects; however, it is unclear if this is the case in vivo. Tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 increases its interaction with the regulatory subunit of PI 3-kinase, increasing the catalytic activity of PI 3-kinase. Numerous studies have demonstrated that PI 3-kinase activation is necessary for mediating insulin's metabolic effects. In recent years, Akt/PKB has been shown to be a downstream mediator of PI 3-kinase and involved in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and activation of glycogen synthase. Studies in our lab and others have determined that insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are associated with decreased insulin signaling through the PI 3-kinase pathway, while signaling through MAP kinase is not affected. Like insulin, exercise is a potent stimulator of glucose metabolism. For instance, exercise increases GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane, glucose disposal, glucose phosphorylation to glucose 6-phoshate, and glycogen synthase activity. While exercise acts independent of insulin, acute exercise and exercise training have been shown to increase insulin sensitivity in healthy and insulin-resistant human subjects and rodents. This has important implications for the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, most studies investigating this phenomenon have been performed in healthy subjects and have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, the research set forth in this dissertation investigated the effect of exercise on insulin action and signaling in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.


An electrochemical preconcentration and separation capacity has been developed for conventional inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometers. The preconcentration is achieved by electroplating the sample onto a graphite electrode of spectral grade purity. The step also serves to separate the desired element. It was found that separate precoating with mercury significantly enhanced the analysis. The detection limit for copper was found to be as low as 0.7 ng/mL.


An improved peer-nomination procedure (training plus more votes) and the rating-scale were compared to assess the test-retest reliability, and the convergent validity of both methodologies for 23 preschoolers (4- to 5-yr.-old) and 41 kindergartners (5- to 6-yr.-old). Five testing periods with both procedures were scattered over the entire school year. The results indicate that the peer-nomination procedure and the rating-scale reach acceptable and comparable levels of reliability among kindergartners. However, among preschoolers the rating-scale works a little better, and reliability is moderate. Data on convergent validity show both methodologies assess quite similar aspects of the group structure in the two groups studied. While the use of the rating-scale is more appropriate among preschoolers, the improved peer-nomination technique is recommended among older children in terms of temporal reliability, validity, and flexibility of descriptive possibilities.


Sillicon nanocrystals embedded in a- SiO_x:H (0 PECVD technique and high- temperature annealing treatment. Using TEM technique, Raman scattering and photo- absorption measurements, the optical properties of the thin films was investigated as well as their structures. The results show that the structure of nc- Si partical is polycrystalline, and the average diameter of the Si nanocrystals increases with annealing tempereture increasing. Optical absorption pro- perties of this kind of film was studied . Quantum confinement effect is observed clearly.With decreasing nc- Si size, the blue shift of the absorption edge is found.


Abstract

 C. helmsii is an aquatic plant that can take on various growth forms depending on prevailing conditions, and is able to act as a submerged, emergent, or semi-terrestrial species. C. helmsii has the ability to form dense stands of 100% cover, which cause many negative environmental and economic impacts including displacing native plant species, reducing biodiversity, decreasing water quality and flow, impeding recreational activities, and diminishing aesthetic value. C. helmsii is extremely difficult and costly to control, and its ability to form new plants vegetatively from small fragments facilitates its spread to new locations. The trade and potential escape of C. helmsii through the aquarium and water garden industry may play a large role in its spread to new locations. In addition, the transportation of this plant on recreational equipment or by wildlife moving between water bodies may also play a role in local spread. C. helmsii is native to Australia and New Zealand, and has established itself as an exotic invasive in many parts of Europe, especially the United Kingdom. C. helmsi is declared a noxious weed in Florida and North Carolina, and although some sources report C. helmsii as occurring in these states (OEPP/EPPO, 2004; 2006), the status of these populations is unknown. C. helmsii is also declared a noxious weed in New Hampshire and Washington (USDA-GRIN, 2002), and is considered a prohibited species in Minnesota (MDNR, 2006) and Wisconsin (WDNR, 2009), though it is not known to occur in these states.


Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) was introduced to label‐freely obtain tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) images from a total of 611 patients, and the prognostic value of TILs in breast cancer was assessed by the MPM method (TILs‐MPM) and guidelines method proposed by the International Immuno‐Oncology Biomarker Working Group (TILs‐WG), respectively. Moreover, the clinical (CLI) model, TILs‐WG + TILs‐MPM model, and full model (CLI + TILs‐WG + TILs‐MPM) were developed to investigate the prognostic value of TILs. The results show that TILs‐WG performs better in estrogen receptor (ER)‐negative subgroup, and TILs‐MPM is comparable with TILs‐WG in the ER‐negative subgroup, but has the best performance in the ER‐positive subgroup. Furthermore, the TILs‐WG + TILs‐MPM model can significantly improve the prognostic power compared with the TILs‐WG model, and the full model has excellent performance, with high area under the curve (AUC) and hazard ratio (HR) in both ER‐positive, ER‐negative subgroups, and the complete cohort. Our results suggest that the combination of TILs‐WG with TILs‐MPM model can greatly improve the prognostic value of TILs.


We present investigation of carrier traps and their transport in 4H-SiC single crystals and high energy radiation detectors. SiC detectors have been produced from bulk vanadium-compensated semi-insulating 4H-SiC single crystal. They were supplied with a nickel ohmic contact on the back surface and titanium Schottky contact on the front surface. The prevailing defect levels were revealed by means of thermally stimulated current (TSC) and thermally stimulated depolarization (TSD) methods and their advanced modification – multiple heating technique. From I-V measurements of the samples a barrier height of ~ 1.9 eV was found. In 4H-SiC:Va, the following thermal activation values were deduced: 0.18–0.19 eV, 0.20–0.22 eV, 0.33–0.41 eV, and 0.63 eV. The maximum with activation energy of 0.33–0.41 eV appears below 125 K and most probably is caused by the thermal carrier generation from defect levels. In contrast, the first two maxima with the lowest activation energies, which nevertheless appear at higher temperatures, are likely associated with material inhomogeneities causing potential fluctuations of the band gap. The existence of different polarization sources in different temperature ranges is also demonstrated by TSD.


The aim of this experiment was to investigate the control of programmed contingencies on private events (feelings), using a procedure that caused those events and evoked the tact of them (feelings), explaining how programmed contingencies of reinforcement are linked with the tacts of private 7 Doutorando em Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil. 8 Professor, Curso de Psicologia e Gestor de Estágios em Psicologia, Associação Educacional de Vitória (AEV/FAESA). Rua Rodovia Serafim Derenzi,3 115, 29030-026, São Pedro, Vitória, ES, Brazil. 9 Professor Doutor, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil. O efeito de contingências de reforçamento programadas sobre o relato de eventos privados Rev. Bras. de Ter. Comp. Cogn., Campinas-SP, 2009, Vol. XI, no 2, 209-230 210 events. Twenty students (both sex aged between 11 and 14 years old) executed the assignments from the software PsychoTacto 2.0. The software simulated four basic contingencies (positive and negative reinforcement, positive and negative punishment), and at the end of each step the students told what they felt. Answers were measured. Results: In each phase predominated reports: Positive Reinforcement: contentment, anxiety, satisfaction and joy reports. Negative Punishment: frustration, disappointment, sadness and apprehension reports. Positive Punishment: anger, disgust, anxiety, apprehension and fear. Negative Reinforcement: anxiety, apprehension and relief. It follows that data indicate that the exhibition to contingencies can eliciate private events (feelings) and produce tacts of them, according to theoretical analysis of Behavior Analysis studies.


Wastewaters and contaminants released to the aqueous environment increase due to developing industrialization and technology. These wastewaters should be treated before being discharged to water bodies. Also, reusable materials in wastewaters must be recovered by appropriate techniques. Discharge limits required by the authorities become more stringent with updated legislations. Nickel ions can be reusable by recovering it after the biosorption process. So, this will prevent the loss of raw materials in industries and it also affects the economy in a positive way. Conventional heavy metal removal processes may be costly and inadequate to meet the desired discharge limits and they exhibit low efficiencies. Eco-friendly and economical treatment technologies gain great importance in the removal and recovery of nickel from wastewaters. In this study, biosorption which is the subject of numerous studies and one of the heavy metal removal methods will be investigated, and nickel removal by this technique and the biosorption mechanism will also be elaborated with data from literature studies.


Objectives: We investigated the involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α gene expression, apoptosis induction and virus replication in cultured human fetal membrane chorion cells infected with influenza virus. Methods: Influenza virus-infected chorion cells were incubated in the absence or presence of inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase, SB203580 and SB202190. TNF-α mRNA and hemagglutinin viral RNA (HA vRNA) were amplified with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction techniques. TNF-α protein concentrations were determined by enzyme-liked immunosorbent assay. The extent of apoptosis induction was estimated by DNA agarose gel electrophoresis. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) and ribavirin, which have been shown to inhibit apoptosis induction via the inhibition of viral gene replication, were used as positive control reagents. Results: PDTC and ribavirin inhibited the accumulation of TNF-α mRNA and HA vRNA in the virus-infected chorion cells, resulting in the suppression of TNF-α protein secretion. Both SB203580 and SB202190 suppressed TNF-α protein secretion, but not the accumulation of TNF-α mRNA as well as HA vRNA and the induction of apoptosis. Conclusions: These results suggest that p38 MAP kinase pathway is critical in TNF-α gene expression at a post-transcriptional level but not in the apoptosis induction and influenza virus replication in cultured chorion cells.


With the need to juggle design requirements, recommendations, personal opinions, and company preferences, how does one determine a safe, cost‐effective risk reduction design? A quick solution may be to incorporate all potential safeguards, but that is neither practical nor cost‐effective. Companies have turned to various methods to evaluate their mitigation options for fire, explosion, and reactivity hazards. Most methods simply identify the high‐risk issues; they do not determine the most cost‐effective risk reduction options.


Jenny White: I have always considered myself to be a writer. I write about observations made during my field research, and I write stories from my imagination. Good anthropological writing also tells a story, but one based on factual data and analysis. Since I was a child, I've wanted to write fiction, and I compulsively filled notebooks with story ideas and word sketches. But I was also fascinated by science, particularly social science. I ended up pursuing the latter as a career partly because I had a clue as to how to go about it (go to graduate school, get a Ph.D., apply for a teaching position). I didn't know how to get fiction published. I pored over the Writer's Digest, but it seemed an impenetrable world to me. Both career paths use similar skills—research, close observation, pulling a coherent story out of the messiness of daily life. While teaching anthropology and doing ethnographic research and writing, I continued on the side to write poetry and kept up my notebooks. I started a few novels, but never had an opportunity or the time to finish writing one. When I got tenure at Boston University, I had written two scholarly books, and I felt the need to do something different. One day out of the blue I just started writing The Sultan's Seal. I was walking around Jamaica Pond and the words popped into my head. I didn't have a pen with me, so I ran home to write it all down, and kept writing. By then I had reconnected with an old friend in the Boston area who was a novelist and she took me by the hand and walked me through the process of finding an agent and getting a novel published. And to my great surprise and joy, it worked. I hadn't expected that they wanted more, but now three Kamil Pasha novels have stepped out into the world. I'm back writing a scholarly book again—on Turkish nationalism—but I do admit it's more fun to just make things up. I have, however, done a lot of research for the novels, which are all set in 1880s Istanbul. The physical setting and historical events and characters are as close to life as possible. This has taught me a lot about Turkish history, which deepens my appreciation for and understanding of the present. So one "career" feeds into the other in productive ways. My colleagues have been very supportive, and they shared my joy at publication. The department has a custom of framing faculty book covers whenever a new book comes out, and they framed and hung my novel covers to go along with the scholarly ones on the walls.


Proposes simple recurrent neural networks as probabilistic models for representing and predicting time-sequences. The proposed model has the advantage of providing forecasts that consist of probability densities instead of single guesses of future values. It turns out that the model can be viewed as a generalized hidden Markov model with a distributed representation. The authors devise an efficient learning algorithm for estimating the parameters of the model using dynamic programming. The authors present some very preliminary simulation results to demonstrate the potential capabilities of the model. The present analysis provides a new probabilistic formulation of learning in simple recurrent networks.


This paper attempts to present the dualistic and structural approach for the most efficient promotion of technological innovation in order to enable Korea to make the quantum leap from the ranks of a developing to that of an advanced country. From a realistic viewpoint, on the one hand, an accumulative and gradual approach is required for pursuing 「incremental innovation」, 「radical innovation」 and 「new technology system」. On the other hand, from a future oriented point of view, 「change in the techno-economic paradigm」should be sought in a revolutionary and break-through manner, only through which will it be possible for us to make this quantum leap. In Korea, this change in techno-economic paradigm is possible because aur science and technology capability has been well accumulated in certain fields, such as semiconductors. In addition, it actually can be relatively easily achieved as Korea enjoys the advantage of being a latecomer, in that social transition cost is less of a burden than in moderately advanced countries.


Software testing is an important phase in the software development process, aiming at locating faults in artifacts, in order to achieve a degree of confidence that the software behaves according to a specification. While most of the techniques in software testing are applied to debugging, fault-localization, and repair of code, to the best of our knowledge there are fewer works regarding the application of software testing to locating faults in models and to the automated repair of such faults. The goal of this PhD project proposal is to study how testing can be applied to repair models. We describe the research approach and discuss the application cases of combinatorial and feature models. We then discuss future work of applying testing to repair models for other scenarios, such as timed automata.


The development of rechargeable batteries with high‐energy density is critical for future decarbonization of transportation. Anode‐free Li‐ion batteries, using a bare current collector at the anode side without any excess of Li, provide the highest volumetric energy density (>1500 Wh L−1) among all possible cell configurations. Furthermore, elimination of the anode material coating reduces material consumption and greatly simplifies cell production, which in turn lowers costs. Although significant progress has been made recently by the application of modified current collectors, optimized cycling parameters and improved liquid electrolytes, insufficient efficiencies, and dendritic growth during lithium plating lead to poor cycle life of typically less than 100 cycles as well as safety issues. Alternatively, very recent studies have demonstrated anode‐free solid‐state batteries that combine the benefits of high energy anode‐free cell configuration and solid‐state systems with high safety, exceeding 1000 cycles. This review provides an overview of recent developments toward anode‐free solid‐state batteries and highlights the current issues and challenges in this nascent field. It is concluded that, although major challenges remain at the present, the lessons learned in the fields of liquid electrolytes and solid‐state lithium metal batteries can accelerate the development of anode‐free solid‐state batteries of practical relevance.


Apparatus autonomous network end user to provide packet data network via a packet data, comprising: a controller subsystem coupled to said packet data network network; a processing subsystem coupled to said digital signal controller subsystem network, further comprising the processing subsystem digital signal a computer program for detecting incoming calls and initiate call sessions; conversion subsystem coupled to said digital processing subsystem signal; and an interface subsystem coupled to both the signal conversion subsystem to said subsystem as digital signal processing user.


We have proposed a machine learning model for efficient gamma-ray spectrometry for environmental recovery from the Fukushima Daiichi Power Plant Accident. In the present study, we focus on a radioactive nuclide identification by the machine learning in a screening measurement. A simple deep neural network having two hidden layer is proposed, and the identification accuracy is achieved more than 95% for single gamma-ray spectra.


Anthocyanins are phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties and well known health benefits, also responsible for color of fruits, but highly unstable during processing. Due to their positive properties on health and product properties, their preservation in fruit products is highly recommended. In this study investigation of effect of sucrose or trehalose (5% and 10%) in sour cherry puree on phenolics stability was conducted. After stabilization of the mixture (puree and sugars), extraction was conducted with acidified methanol and phenolics (PC) and anthocyanin content (AC), polymeric color percentage (PCP) and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS method) were determined. Extracts were stored for 65 days at 4 °C. Control sample was puree without sugars. After extraction, PC of control was 3.868 g/kg. Addition of 5% of sucrose and trehalose had very low effect on PC. Samples with 10% of sucrose or trehalose had higher PC (4.124 and 4.175 g/kg, respectively). During storage of extracts, PC decreased, but samples with trehalose had higher PC (3.329 and 3.549 g/kg for 5% and 10% of trehalose addition) in comparison to control (3.023 g/kg). After extraction, AC in control was 509.437 mg/kg, while samples with sucrose had slightly higher (511.943 and 515.795 mg/kg for 5 and 10%) and with trehalose addition higher AC (521.433 and 527.172 mg/kg for 5% and 10%). During storage of extracts degradation of anthocyanins occurred. AC of control was 447.500 mg/kg. Sample with 5% sucrose addition had lower AC (425.062 mg/kg) while other samples had higher AC (461.442, 498.519 and 504.049 mg/kg for 10% of sucrose, 5% and 10% of trehalose). Decrease of AC was followed by increase of PCP. DPPH antioxidant activity was lower than ABTS, after extraction and storage. Addition of sucrose and trehalose as well as their amount had high effect on phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity.


Internationalization has become one of the most important issues in the counseling profession. The purpose of this article is to examine the professionalization of counseling on a global basis. To begin, the traditional nature of counseling and the challenges inherent in attempting to make it a global profession will be examined. Next the potential of counseling for promoting well-being on a global basis will be discussed. Finally, a set of transcultural counseling competencies and their relationship to the counselor as a person will be introduced.


Potassium carbonate supported solventless synthesis of thiohydantoins under microwave irradiation is described. The use of K2CO3 not only eliminates the need for external base to neutralize HCl evolved but enables aqueous work up, thus rendering the reaction procedure free of organic solvents in both the reaction step and work-up, procedure.


Baseline status on the shoreline changes, water level fluctuation, water quality and impact of tsunami onplacer concentration deals in this paper. Socio-ecological problems have always been reported as sensitive issuesduring the mining of placers in coastal regions of India. The Kayamkualm-Thottappally area has a delicate eco-systemand is prone to severe beach erosion even in summer season. Shoreline change studies show that, moderate erosion wasempirical along the south of Purakkad from Thrikkunnapuzha to Thottappally. Depositional features were observedatleast for about 400 m towards sea from Pannur to Chellakad area. Watertables in wells which are distant from theshoreline (100 – 1000 m) show higher positions during post-monsoon, due to recharge after monsoon. The proximity ofKayamkulam lagoon to selected sampling sites (Vattachal to Valiazhikal) causes increased salinity. In general, thequality of the water with respect to pH and Eh is good in the study area. The giant tsunami waves have broughtconsiderable quantities of shelf sediments to the coast and done maximum damages in the study area especially inTharayilkadavu, about 4 km north of Kayamkulam inlet.


Fatigue and nocturnal sleep disorder are common non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), significantly altering the quality of life of these patients. However, they are underdiagnosed and consequently treated inappropriately. For a more detailed evaluation it is necessary to use specific instruments to evaluate these symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate fatigue in patients with PD, analyze their association with sleep disorder and other clinical parameters parameters parameters parameters (age, gender, duration of illness, depression, cognition, severity of motor symptoms, stages of the disease) and analyze their impact on the quality of life of these patients. A cross-sectional observational and analytical study was developed in the Pro-Parkinson Extension Program (Hospital das Clinicas / Federal University of Pernambuco) between August 2015 and May 2016. The Research Ethics Committee Involving Human Beings of the Center for Health Sciences of the Federal University of Pernambuco approved the project. The following instruments were used: Mini Mental State Examination (MEEM), Hoehn-Yarh Scale (HY), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Parkinson's Disease Fatigue Scale (PFS-16), Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39). Among the 123 patients in the sample, 64% were men. The mean age was 62 years (± 10) and the mean duration of the disease was 6 years (± 4). Fatigue (mean PFS-16 score ≥ 3.3) was found in 48% of all patients. Patients with fatigue presented longer duration of disease, depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, severity of motor symptoms, excessive daytime sleepiness and nocturnal sleep disorder. Fatigue combined with nocturnal sleep disorder occurred in 21% of the total sample, being more frequent in the female gender (32% vs 15%) and in the more advanced stages (52% in HY3). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the significant independent variables related to the presence of fatigue were: cognition (OR = 1.19 P = 0.02), nocturnal sleep disorder (OR = 1.03 P = 0.0001); among the PDSS domains, nocturnal motor symptoms (OR = 1.09 P = 0.0005) and refreshment sleep (OR = 1.11 P = 0.02); among the PDQ-39 domains, mobility (OR = 0.9323 P <0.0001) and body discomfort (OR = 0.9767 P = 0.0428). In our study, fatigue was a common non-motor symptom in the population studied with PD, alone or in combination with other motor and non-motor symptoms, present in all stages of the disease, especially in the more advanced stages. This symptom was associated with the female gender, nocturnal sleep disorder and cognition. Patients with fatigue presented longer duration of the disease, more depressive symptoms, and severity of motor symptoms. Fatigue presented a negative impact on the quality of life of these patients.


[Objective]To study the infection status and influence factors of HIV among detention people in detention places in Xishan district of Wuxi city,provide the basis for making control measures of HIV.[Methods]HIV infections were detected by double antigen sandwich method with HIV 1+2 ELISA kits,and the results were confirmed by Western Blotting(WB) method.[Results]There were 3(0.047%) HIV positive cases in 6341 people,among them one was intravenous drug users and one had complicated sexual intercourse.[Conclusion] The HIV infection among detention people in detention places in Xishan district was still in the stage of low prevalence.Because a certain proportions of detention people are drug user and have sexual promiscuity,it is important to strengthen HIV surveillance among the high risk population,carry out related health education and control the management measures for the prevention and control of HIV transmission.


The author first analyzed the wood importexport trade in China during 2005 and predicted a trend in 2006.He then presented his views on the future of the wood industry in China with a focus on the wood resource issue.In his opinion,the increasing stock volume of forest resources,both in China and abroad,should be beneficial to the wood industry in China. He also argued against those fallacies that ascribe the destruction of international forests to China.Finally,he suggested that Chinese manufactures should transform their production mode from being labor intensive to capital and technology intensive,and expand international markets by manufacturing good quality,brand names and maintaining good credit.


To characterize trends in pediatric mental health visit counts, including visits for prolonged length of stay (LOS), in a sample of emergency departments (EDs) from 29 states during COVID‐19.


A laser Doppler measurement of the microcirculatory flow rate was performed in 10 patients with moderate arterial hypertension before the delivery of a 30 mg capsule of Urapidil and 3 hours later. A significant increase in this flow rate was evidenced, thus demonstrating the arteriolar vasodilative action of Urapidil.


in the past few y e a r s i s h o w challenging it has been to actually conduct e-business. One of the reasons is that companies have found it difficult to manage their business processes, especially when those stretch across multiple companies, countries, software applications, and systems. But that is about to change. It must change, because shareholders still expect companies to fulfill the promise of e-business. As CSC Research Services research fellow Doug Neal says, " Companies are under pressure to perform better, faster, to do more with less, and to be super-pleasing to customers. This means changing the way they manage their business processes, allowing them to innovate around their own strategic processes, while simultaneously collaborating with partners and customers. "


This paper reports the lattice matched monolithic integration of novel direct band-gap dilute nitride Ga(NAsP) QW lasers on an (001) silicon substrate using novel (BGa)P strain compensating layer. Lasing operation up to 165K is verified with a threshold current density of 1.6kAcm−2 and a characteristic temperature of 73K for a SQW device, which is a positive step towards a commercial solution for the monolithic integration of long term stable laser diodes on silicon substrates.


By introducing two independent parameters and a pair of conjugate exponents,we establish a Hilbert-type integral inequality with a homogeneous kernel of degree 0 and the equivalent form with the best constant factor by estimating the weight functions.


Calculated maturity dates based on a common hypothetical planting date and a 43°F base temperature indicated a 38 day spread in tomato maturity among 12 locations in California. In the inland valleys assumed maturity corresponded to the marine ventilation pattern. Isotherm patterns showed that the cooler longer season areas were in the delta at the confluence of the San Joaquin and Sacramento Rivers, and shorter season areas were in concentric zones on the perimeter of the delta.


Objective: In our present project we aimed to examine the vasoactive effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) by evaluating its capability to alter the basal vascular tone and to influence vasoconstriction mediated by &agr;1-adrenoreceptors Design and method: Effects of S1P and the &agr;1–adrenoreceptor agonist phenylephrine (PE) on the tone of the mouse thoracic aorta have been determined under isometric conditions with myography. Responses of vessels isolated from wild type (WT), S1P1, S1P2, and S1P3 receptor-, or G12/13-KO mice were measured and tone changes were normalized to vasoconstriction induced by 124 mM K+. Results: Addition of 5 &mgr;M S1P, which is in the concentration range reported in the human serum, did not cause significant change in the resting vascular tone. In contrast, EC50 of the vasoconstrictor effect of PE decreased, whereas Emax increased following 20 min incubation with 5 &mgr;M S1P in WT vessels, indicating a marked potentiating effect. Similar enhancement of the vascular reactivity was detected in S1P1- and S1P3-KO segments. In S1P2-KO vessels, however, this phenomenon was absent. In addition, the potentiating effect of S1P was also lacking in vessels of G12/13-KO mice and after inhibition of the Rho-kinase by Y27632 in WT vessels. In further experiments we aimed to evaluate the duration of the S1P-induced enhancement of &agr;1-adrenoreceptor-mediated vasoconstriction. Therefore, contractions evoked by 100 nM PE determined every 20 minutes, repeatedly, following a 20-min incubation with S1P. Reactivity remained enhanced for 3 hours in WT segments, whereas this increase could not be detected in S1P2-KO vessels. Conclusions: Although S1P does not modify directly the resting vascular tone by itself, yet it significantly enhances &agr;1-adrenoreceptor-mediated vasoconstriction even at three hours after exposure. The S1P2 receptor/G12/13 / Rho-kinase pathway appears to be responsible for this potentiating effect of S1P. The sustained enhancement of vascular reactivity detected underlines the potential patophysiological significance of this phenomenon in diseases associated with enhanced S1P production.


Irishmen: Michael Davitt, a former Fenian who became the foremost leader of land reform for the Irish peasantry, and Erskine Childers who fought in the Boer War. For Davitt and others in the Irish Land League, fighting for the rights of Irish Catholics to gain access to land and break up the large landed estates was a primary concern and became a rallying cry for Irish nationalists in the latter nineteenth century. They perceived their struggle as quite similar to that of the Boers in South Africa. Childers, born to a British father and an Irish mother, volunteered to the British Army in the Boer War. He came to question British policy there and became not only an Irish republican but one who saw Ireland's status under British rule in racial terms. Ultimately, he was on the losing side in Ireland's Civil War and was killed by a firing squad of the Free State Army. Nelson's depiction of Childers highlights how nationalists of this era were inspired by ideologies that stressed the rights of national groups to be autonomous, free of colonial control. Chapters 7 and 8 focus on developments in the early twentieth century. Not only does Nelson seek to explain the Irish national struggle in the context of World War I, but he also compares the ideology of this generation of Irish nationalists to Afro-Caribbean and African-American intellectuals of the same period. His claim that the Irish nationalists were consumed with the struggle for independence and therefore subordinated questions of ideology, whether leftist, socialist, or Marxist to the cause of the nation, seems rather forced. The African-American and Afro-Caribbean intellectuals, unlike the Irish nationalists, engaged with a more radical ideology of class consciousness for advancing their national cause. Thus there is less common ground for comparing the racial views of African-American and AfroCaribbean radicals with those of twentiethcentury Irish nationalists like Eamon de Valera. De Valera was the dominant political figure in Irish politics who took part in the 1916 Easter Rising, was elected to the first Irish Parliament in 1919 and was Taoiseach (prime minister) for most of the period from 1932 through 1959, then serving as President from 1959 to 1973. According to Nelson, de Valera increasingly emphasized the "whiteness" of the Irish race, especially in the eyes Irish Americans. This perception of race suggests how Irish identity had diverged from its earlier association with Afro-American slaves and other marginalized peoples. Overall, Nelson's book contributes to our understanding of the development of Irish nationalism by shedding light on the changing conceptions of race in Ireland in its long struggle for and eventual attainment of independence.


In aquaculture breeding schemes families must often be pooled prior to tagging, however pooled group family survival can be variable. A simulation model was used to test the efficacy of using a walk-back selection type approach combined with optimized parent selection to choose the parents for the next generation from a pool of candidates when there may be an unequal distribution of offspring across the families present. Simulations were completed with equal numbers of offspring from each family, compared with "moderate" and "severely" unequal numbers from each family, with and without the use of walk-back selection. The results showed that when the numbers of offspring from each family are unequal, walkback selection can be used to add genetic diversity to the pool of selection candidates for optimized parent selection to meet constraints on coancestry between parents while only sacrificing a small amount of genetic progress.


In this paper, the properties of the operator valued functions arising in the solution of convolution differential-operator equations are investigated in weighted Besov spaces. Especially, the uniformly boundedness of the derivatives for operator-valued functions are established. These results applied to obtain the boundary value problems for abstract integro-differential equations.


Modeling of a DC-DC converters is usually carried via small-signal approximations with small disturbances taken in account at steady state. Although due to presence of harmonic content or DC offset, the latter's modeling is restricted to certain range of operation. However, this is limited to a certain range of operation. This paper is a work based on modeling of Dual Active Bridge (DAB) type converters using Generalized Average Modeling. This type of procedure takes into account the harmonic as well as DC effect of the alternating current. After modeling the DAB, it's open loop transfer function is derived. Thereafter for controlling, parameters of fractional order (FO) controllers namely Fractional order PID and Tilt Integral Derivative (TID) are synthesized using heuristic optimization technique also known as Genetic Algorithm. The use of FO controllers enables more controllability of the plant than classical integer order controllers. The paper then compares the result obtained after simulation of plant controlled by FOPID and TID controllers respectively. It discusses various Power as well as Control results and then concludes the topic by summarizing the procedure and highlighting the importance of FO controllers.


The bachelor thesis deals with the motion of a bike lin to understanding the fundamental terrain shapes in Jedovnice and in surroundings wit h the main emphasis on the use of cycling. Attention is paid to the description of th e terrain shapes and the historical development of the landscape of Moravian karst. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to create a nature trail guide, which will be shown the cours e of the line and tourist attractions located in and around it. Klí čová slova Terénní tvary, pr ůvodce po nau čné stezce, cyklostezka, utvá ření Moravského krasu


Due to limited rainfall and uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources, water has become a restraining factor in agriculture and livestock production of China and Tanzania. As it is most considered as common-pool resource, the management of water resources is a complex issue in agricultural and pastoral industry. Traditional water management modes include nationalization and marketization, but complete mar- ket-oriented or government management could not reach the sustainable use of water resource due to nonexclusive and interconnected features of water. Therefore, China and Tanzania introduced water resources community self-management in rural arid areas. Farmers as resource users in community conducted mutual supervision and mutual ben- efit to realize reasonable, fair, and sustainable use of water resources. However, commu nity self-management is restricted by formal institution from the government of China, and Tanzania's community self-management relies on the financial and technical support from foreign NGOs; the communities' ability to obtain benefit needed to be improved. We compare water resources community self-management mode in China and Tanzania through case studies, put forward the differences of self-management mode in two countries, and analyze the characteristics of successful water resources community self-management mode.


Composite services are often long-running, loosely coupled, and cross-platform, so they bring additional complexity to the system in the presence of failures. Transaction is a basic concept in building reliable distributed system. However, Web transaction cannot be easily rolled back as conventional ACID transactions, so a main problem that remains is how to cancel a long-running Web transaction. This paper introduces a calculus based on pi-calculus, which deals with the faults of Web service composition in long-running business processes. The calculus is equipped with operational semantics to guarantee both appropriate installation and activation of compensation of Web Transaction.


We suggest that a focus on improving facility delivery services starting from the most severely affected districts could be the necessary step towards achieving universal health care. Technical and financial support offered by international development partners can play a crucial role in enhancing the capabilities of health care facilities including birthing centres.


Obviously the statistician's task is hard. He cannot please everybody. A death from "syphilis: aortic valvular disease" is entered under "syphilis". This may suit the inquiring expert in venereal diseases, but the cardiologist gets no information that a death from heart disease has occurred. Each death can be recorded under only one heading, and there seems no easy way out. A scheme to suit the cardiologist may perhaps suit nobody else. Verily, the path of research into mortality statistics is profusely strewn with thorns.


Abstract We collected blood samples (n  =  49) from 43 Andean Bears (Tremarctos ornatus) in Ecuador between September 1995 and May 2006 and analyzed them for 11 serum biochemical and 13 hematological parameters. Results were grouped and compared according to the bears' life condition (captive or free-ranging), sex, age, and body mass. Free-ranging bears had higher serum glucose and monocyte levels than captive bears, but slightly lower mean cellular hemoglobin concentrations. Male bears had higher serum protein levels than female bears. Adult bears showed higher levels of cholesterol, hematocrit, and hemoglobin than sub-adult bears. In contrast, alkaline phosphatase and phosphorous levels were higher in sub-adult bears. Bears with a body mass >80 kg had higher levels of serum proteins and blood urea nitrogen than lighter-weight bears. Plasma triglyceride levels observed in this study were very high in relation to those reported for other bear species. Alkaline phosphatase levels were also high in comparison to those of other bear species, except the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Observed mean values for glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxalic transaminase, glucose, and calcium were low in this study relative to those of captive Andean bears from other countries, whereas the mean alkaline phosphatase value was comparatively high. Mean values for glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxalic transaminase, glucose, calcium, mean cellular hemoglobin, and mean cellular volume were lower relative to other bear species. The data presented in this paper will provide baseline reference values that may prove useful in the diagnosis of disease and assessment of nutrition in wild and captive Andean bears.


An effort to broaden and diversify the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) work force, particularly in senior management positions, is playing a significant role in ensuring that FHWA efficiently meets its operational requirements and maintains a highly effective and motivated work force. In less than 3 years, the face of FHWA leadership has changed dramatically. The new faces--or veteran faces in new positions--include the executive director, three of the six associate administrators, seven of the nine regional administrators, and 21 of the 52 division administrators. Among the changing faces are the first four female division administrators, the first Hispanic regional administrator, and the first African American regional administrator. During the same period, the number of African American, Asian American, and Hispanic division administrators increased, and FHWA has increased representation of minorities and women in Senior Executive Service positions from 20% to 31%. Diversity also includes expanding opportunities for talented people with different skills and abilities, including non-engineers and people who have followed a nontraditional career pattern. FHWA administrators have also devoted significant attention and financial resources to promoting transportation careers among America's diverse youth, with gratifying results.


The effect of weak gravitational lensing on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature anisotropies and polarization will provide access to cosmological information that cannot be obtained from the primary anisotropies alone. We compare the information content of the lensed B-mode polarization power spectrum, properly accounting for the non-Gaussian correlations between the power on different scales, with that of the unlensed CMB fields and the lensing potential. The latter represent the products of an (idealized) optimal analysis that exploits the lens-induced non-Gaussianity to reconstruct the fields. Compressing the non-Gaussian lensed CMB into power spectra is wasteful and leaves a tight degeneracy between the equation of state of dark energy and neutrino mass that is much stronger than in the more optimal analysis. Despite this, a power-spectrum analysis will be a useful first step in analyzing future B-mode polarization data. For this reason, we also consider how to extract accurate parameter constraints from the lensed B-mode power spectrum. We show with simulations that for cosmic-variance-limited measurements of the lensed B-mode power, including the non-Gaussian correlations in existing likelihood approximations gives biased parameter results. We develop a more refined likelihood approximation that performs significantly better. This new approximation should also be of more general interest in the wider context of parameter estimation from Gaussian CMB data.


For the economic development of country power is required. At a very high rate power consumption is increasing day by day. We are wasting a part of the electrical energy everyday due to the lagging power factor in the inductive loads. Due to these the power factor goes below the standard limit. If power factor goes below standard limit then electrical company charges the penalty on industry. For improving power factor we are using automatic power factor correction using capacitor bank. APFC device reads power factor by using line voltage and line current. Now a days, embedded system is very important technology and by using embedded technology most of product are developed with microcontroller. Index Terms Reactive Power, Apparent Power, Capacitor Bank, Automatic power factor correction.


In this study, in order to investigate the effects of wall roughness on the hydraulic characteristics of chlorine contactor, CFD simulation and tracer tests were conducted for both of reactors whose walls are made of concrete and lined with PE(Poly Ethylene). In the case of walls contacted with water being lined with PE (relatively lower roughness), the flow within reactor is closer to plug flow than that in the case of concrete walls (relatively higher roughness). Especially, the longer tail of C-curve from the results of transient CFD simulation can tell that Morill index in the case concrete walls is much higher than that in the case of walls be lined with lower roughness material.


Cruise shipping sector is one of the most important sectors that has a great share in world tourism. This sector, which is expanding rapidly, transforms cruise ships into floating cities. The great cruise ships became a serious threat for the seas and oceans by producing wastes by either passengers or vessels' own operational phase. It is observed that the passenger ships with 3000-4000 passenger capacity, discharge a considerable amount of sewage compared to other cargo ships. The treatment and discharge procedures of sewage are regulated and inspected by MARPOL and EPA. In this study, the types of sewage treatment systems, working principles, the convenience of treated wastes to national and international standards and the discharge standards of inspection organizations are compared. MSDs DOI ID: 10.5505/jems.2015.58077


The progress in learning technologies has generated new knowledge about visualizing learning content to enhance the teaching process in a learning environment. In current situations, students are less of understanding and focus their topic during learning session in a classroom. This articles sums up the concept of knowledge visualization as a visual representation approach to improve the knowledge transfer between teachers and students in order to ensure the learning engagement and improve student's level of understanding in primary schools. In this article, the knowledge visualization frameworks are identified and adapted as tool of knowledge visualization to construct learning engagement among students. One of knowledge visualization tool, namely, interactive visualization, is chosen for the application of the hierarchical framework to show the adaptation of the tools in increasing student engagement during the learning process in primary schools.


exciting series of experiments, George Koelle (TPS, September 1988)' puts forward a hypothesis for the mechanism of neurotrophic regulation of acetyl- cholinesterase in the mammalian sympathetic ganglion by glycyl-L- glutamine (Gly-Gin), a dipeptide that is naturally derived from the post-~~slation~ processing of l3-endorphin*. He speculates that Gly-Gln, which accelerates the biosynthesis of acetylcholin- esterase in peripheral target tis- sues of spinal motor neurones, acts through the mediation of a binding protein and its receptor. It is suggested that the peptide's receptor is internalized, like those for gonadal steroids and pancreatic hormones as well as those for chol- esterol and iron-binding serum proteins. Koelle's proposal ap- pears to hinge solely on a demon- stration of increased effectiveness of Gly-Girt in oi~o following pro- longed exposure of the dipeptide to heat-inactivated cat plasma. He draws an analogy between Gly- Gin and the less appropriate model of ~i~oth~nine. The analogy is not as close as it might seem, for thyroid hormones, although bound loosely to non-dialysable semm globulin components, do not use them as binding proteins enabling ceIhrlar uptake and a receptor response in the manner proposed by Koelle for Gly-Gln3. The idea that Gly-Gln might act at least in part through transcrip- tional control mechanisms is not incompatible with the time-scale over which a~~l~olinesterase induction in peripheral tissues takes place, and with the 'priming response' in the lymphocyte blastogenesis assay reported for this peptide4. However further evidence is needed to establish it as a sound, let alone exclusive, hypothesis. The clear inference from an earlier study5 is that Gly- Gin is biologically active, at least in mammalian neurones of the CNS, over a time-scale of seconds to minutes. Koelle does not allow room for this observation within his proposal, although dual mech- anisms of action for hormones and growth factors at different levels of cellular regulation are not un- common. Neurotrophic peptides like nerve growth factor and fibro- blast growth factor are associated with early steps of protein phos- phorylation and inositol lipid metabolism before nuclear trans- location of the receptor complex takes place. Although receptor sites for Gly-Gln itself have not yet been demonstrated by radioligand binding assay, there is evidence that its parent peptide, @endor- phin, can bind to neural cells through its C-terminal sequence6,' and also, significantly, to serum glycoproteins at sites for which the human C-terminal dipeptide glycyl-glutamic acid compete8.


Outcomes of calculation of pollutants mass discharge from the developed territories are given, they have been compared with the pollutants mass supplied from point industrial sources, measures aimed to mitigate negative impact of discharge from catchment on the surface waters quality formation have been given.


The demise of gastrectomy The debate in the immediate post-war decade was less about which surgical operation to carry out on peptic ulcer and more about the extent of the gastric resection. By the early 1950s the American Gastroenterological Association Committee on Peptic Ulcer had documented the mortality and recurrence rates for 2,441 patients having gastrectomy for duodenal ulcer and followed up for a mean of 2.5 years. The operative mortality averaged around 2% and recurrence rate about the same. Despite these impressive results, doubts grew about the operation. Gordon-Taylor in the UK as early as 1929, and later Inglefinger in the US had alerted the surgical community to the possibility of anaemia and weight loss in the long-term but both remained enthusiastic gastrectomists. The post-war years also saw the rise of the formal 'follow-up clinic' which for the first time was able to achieve a comprehensive review of patients for several years after the operation with little loss to follow-up. Subtotal resection as advocated for example by Visick could reduce recurrence to negligible levels, but only at the expense of frequent 'dumping', 'small stomach' syndrome, and more severe nutritional and metabolic sequelae. Anaemia after gastric resection was first described by Moynihan (Figure 9) who suggested that the cause was lack of acid; Faber was the first to suggest that there was in addition a macrocytic component. Fischer found that 7% (of 766) patients were anaemic 22-30 years after resection but in none of these was the anaemia megaloblastic. Even with the prolonged follow-up possible in the studies published in the 1980s, the incidence of post-gastrectomy anaemia varied from 5% to 40%. Vitamin B 12 deficiency varied from 10% to 50% in the published literature. Some large series, however, have shown no vitamin B 12 deficiency on long-term follow-up. Metabolic bone disease following gastrectomy was documented by Everson in 1952. Because of the need, until recently, to establish the diagnosis by bone biopsy, studies have almost certainly included senile osteoporosis as many of the post-gastrectomy patients studied had reached the age group in which this is common. The incidence has consequently varied in the reported literature from 0.4% to 43%. Weight loss after Polya gastrectomy was documented by Muir, and by Wells and Welbourne who stressed the importance of its relationship to pre-operative weight. Wallensteen reviewed 17 published studies and found the incidence of significant weight loss after gastrectomy to vary between 10% and 75%. Ivy and Raunch both found that post-operative weight loss was related to the extent of the gastric resection. McLean and Johnston suggested that the main cause of post-gastrectomy weight loss was reduced intake as a result of reduced gastric capacity, the now generally accepted theory. As more and more reports were published showing the long-term nutritional and metabolic sequelae which could follow gastric resection, so vagotomy and drainage increasingly found favour. Stammers and Alexander-Williams, in an authoritative monograph published in the early 1960s, recorded the results in their series of 75% gastrectomy with a Billroth II anastomosis. Despite a low operative mortality of 1.4% and a recurrent ulcer rate of only 2%, they concluded that the operation should be abandoned because of long-term metabolic sequelae. In what was to be the last major controlled randomised trial comparing subtotal gastrectomy against vagotomy + gastro-enterostomy and against vagotomy + antrectomy, the Leeds / York trial showed an advantage for gastrectomy in terms of Visick grading (a simple scoring system to assess the symptomatic result after peptic ulcer surgery), recurrent ulceration, and no difference in operative mortality or 'postgastrectomy syndromes'. Yet despite this conclusion, the authors were unable to recommend gastrectomy because long-term sequelae compared unfavourably with vagotomy in studies like Cox's and because the results of FIGURE 9 Berkeley Moynihan later Lord Moynihan of Leeds (1865-1936). Along with his mentor Mayo-Robson he was influential in establishing gastro-enterostomy in the treatment of duodenal ulcer.


Objective To observe blood lead level and related risk factors among Han,Uygur,Ha children in Xinjiang.Methods Stratified random sampling and simple random sampling were used.A total of 1 513 Han,Uygur,Ha children aged 6 to 10 years old in 10 schools were investigated,and the levels of the blood lead of children were assayed with the instrument of BH-2100 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.At the same time,related factors were investigated using a standardized questionnaire.Results There were statistical difference in the mean lead level of Han and Ha children(P0.05).The lead poisoning rate was 23.31%,23.25% and 22.10% respectively,there were no statistical difference(P0.05).Han,Uygur,Ha children SES(especially parent occupation),bad eating habits(eating preserved egg),house surrounding,house fitment,bad habits(biting pen,not washing hands before lunch,not washing toy,etc.) might still serve as major risk factors related to child lead poisoning,but the rank is different in Han,Uygur,Ha children.Conclusion The blood lead level(≥100 μg/L) of Uramuqi children appeared to be a big problem,effective intervention measures should be taken on these target populations.


Abstract:Hisham Aidi traces how Malcolm X—and the black freedom movement, more broadly—have become central to Muslim youth consciousness today. He traces how today, as during the early 1960s, various governments—the United States, Britain, Iran, and Saudia Arabia—have been trying to instrumentalize the black leader's message and image for "deradicalization" purposes. This article traces US government's efforts to use African American culture and history for diplomatic aims during the Cold War and the War on Terror. The essay also addresses the controversy sparked by the publication of Manning Marable's biography of Malcolm X, A Life of Reinvention (2011).


Window glass protection of combustible materials from ignition by thermal radiation in the event of nuclear weapon explosion is discussed. The critical ignition energies of 22 materials were measured by exposure to the radiation of a graphite plate at 4200 deg F, with and without a filter of single strength window glass. To barely ignite a material, the energy per unit area reaching the glass had to average almost twice (average factor 1.83) the energy reaching the material directly. The protective effect varied with the test material. The protection by glass could not be calculated from the spectral emittance of the source, the spectral transmittance of the glass, and the spectral absorptance of the materials tested, without taking into consideration other properties such as the diathermancy of the materials and their change of transmittance and diathermancy during the interval of irradiation. The protective effect of glass was less against fire ball radiation than against the graphite plate radiation. (auth)


Toronto, Canada – Grand Challenges Canada, funded by the Government of Canada, today welcomed three new partners to the Saving Brains Grand Challenge: Aga Khan Foundation Canada, Norlien Foundation and World Vision Canada. These organizations strengthen the existing partnership with the Bernard van Leer Foundation, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and the Maria Cecilia Souto Vidigal Foundation.


Based on the mechanical analysis of the single foundation under column,raft foundation,the finite element analysis of column raft foundation,and the result of model experiment,according to the strength transferring process of column raft foundation and the characteristics of the strength of the extened part of the column,this paper presents a practical computation method.Also,this paper classifies the applicable range of the single foundation under column,the column raft foundation,the raft foundation,pile foundation according to the utilization coefficient of the carrying capacity of groundstill.The economic analysis and the example of the completed building both indicate that the column raft foundation is reliable and economical.


We study complex-valued harmonic morphisms with totally geodesic fibers. We give a necessary curvature condition for the existence of complex-valued harmonic morphisms with totally geodesic fibers on Einstein manifolds.


The level of college students study engagement is an important predictor of academic achievement.The affecting factors that influence college students study engagement are analyzed and a conceptual model of study engagement factors and study engagement are proposed.Quantitative methods were employed to analyze factors affecting the college students study engagement from the point of behavior engagement,affective engagement,and cognitive engagement of college students.The research results demonstrate that college students study engagement is subjected to own factors,interpersonal factors,learning environment.


CHURCH Lane winds south-eastwards from the High Street, across the small Chilbrook to tbe Church and Prince's Manor. Dell Cottage (PL. XII A), the subject of this article, is a small medieval dwelling which lies at a slight angle to the lane on its south-west side. Till 1951 it was part of a croft of I rood 22 poles which was described in the Enclosure Award of 1805 as a copyhold • house and garden'. At that time it belonged to Martha Thomas, a person who owned three other small properties and 13 acres of land in the parish: more recently it was owned by the Rev. W. Gooderidge tiII c. 1920, then by Henry Tyrrell, a former baker who also purchased the adjacent Lockton Farm: since 1946, the occupant has been tbe owner. The cottage, with crucks visible at each end, is the most obvious house with this type of construction in Harwell. There are, however, other houses in the village with crucks, the nearest' of these being Le Carillon directly opposite to Dell Cottage on the other side of Church Lane. Dell Cottage has undergone many modifications and extensions, the last being by Mr. Godsell, who purchased it in 1951 and saved it from a Closing Order threatened by the local Council. His renovations and improvements left its exterior appearance almost unchanged but turned what had been two cottages, each with its separate entrance and staircase, into a convenient single unit of accommodation. The ground plan of the dwelling as it stands today is shown in FIO. I A. There are tbree main components :


Let $\varphi_{1}$ and $\varphi_{2}$ be holomorphic self-maps of the open unit ball $\mathbb B$ in $\mathbb C^N$, $u_{1}$ and $u_{2}$ be holomorphic functions on $\mathbb B$ and let weighted composition operators $W_{\varphi_{1},u_{1}}$; $W_{\varphi_{2},u_{2}}:A^{p}_{\alpha}\to H^{\infty}_{v}$ be bounded. This paper characterizes the compactness of the difference of these operators from the weighted Bergman space $A^p_\alpha$, $0-1$, to the weighted-type space $H^\infty_v$ of holomorphic functions on $\mathbb B$ in terms of inducing symbols $\varphi_{1}$, $\varphi_{2},$ $u_{1}$ and $u_{2}$. For the case $p>1$ we find an asymptotically equivalent expression to the essential norm of the operator.


We give an algorithm, called T , fornding the k shortest simple paths connecting a certain pair of nodes, s and t, in a acyclic digraph. First the nodes of the graph are labeled according to the topological ordering. Then for node i an ordered list of simple s i paths is created. The length of the list is at most k and it is created by using tournament trees. We prove the correctness of


In networking environments, the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is widely utilized to determine whether errors have been introduced during transmissions over physical links. In this paper, we focus on the CRC calculation that is performed during the routing of the Ethernet packets by encapsulating the packets into Ethernet frames, adding a frame header and adding a frame trailer. The CRC code is placed within the frame trailer. In our investigation, we observed that only specific fields located at the beginning of a frame are changed when it is passing through interconnecting devices. Based on this observation, we propose a novel implementation of the CRC update and we present the proof of correctness of our implementation. Our approach calculates the intermediate results of the changed fields based on the parallel CRC calculation and performs a single step update afterwards. Consequently, the number of cycles utilized to recalculate the CRC codes is dramatically reduced. Furthermore, an estimation on the maximum throughput is made based on synthesis results of our implementation and under the assumption that the CRC operation is the only bottleneck. In this case, we have estimated that the theoretical throughput can reach about 56 Gbps assuming realistic frame size distributions. Keywords— Cyclic redundancy check, parallel CRC calculation, CRC update.


Due to the hardness of complete sterilization of tooth surface, much caution should be concentrated on how to secure the local sterility when pulp chamber is opened aseptically. The examination how to sterilize the tooth surfaces were carried on an extracted tooth and the result was checked by means of a sterility test medium which enabled to grow both anaerobic and aerobic organisms. The results obtained from the 1st experiment on the surface sterilization concluded that the grinding off the surface is the surest method to develop the proper effect of disinfectants. To grinding off the whole surface above the rubber dam applied in a mouth, however, is apparently impossible in the practice. The 2nd experiment found that to cover the tooth with thinner film of celluloid was very useful for limitation of the grinding area small enough to bore the dental tissue to reach to the dental pulp. The role of the celluloid film covering the rest area seemed triplicate, i. e. smoothing the tooth surface to make sterilization easy, to prohibit the contamination by immobilization of local flora, and to stope the leak of saliva through the capillary space between the rubber dam and the tooth. The sterilization of rubber dam sheet in an autoclave had practical value but caused slight degradation. As the final integration of these results, pulp of healthy teeth were removed under the aseptic circumstance indicated above. 1. Application of a sterilized rubber dam sheet on a tooth.


Abstract Here we briefly summarize the most consistent structural MRI studies on hippocampus in major depression and debate the effects of clinical variables on hippocampal morphology.


We have reanalyzed a data set of 99 low redshift ($ z < 0.1 $) Abell clusters and determined their shapes. For this, three different measures are used. We use Monte-Carlo simulations to investigate the errors in the methods. The corrected distribution of cluster ellipticities shows a peak at $ \epsilon \sim 0.4 $ and extends to $ \epsilon \sim 0.8 $. The results are self-consistent, i.e., with the corrected distribution over projected cluster shapes we can reconstruct the observed distribution and the observed relation between the number of galaxies in a cluster and its ellipticity. It is shown that the richer clusters are intrinsically more nearly spherical than the poorer ones. The corrected distribution of cluster shapes is more consistent with a prolate population than with an oblate population.
We compare the corrected true distribution of (projected) ellipticities with predictions from N-body simulations. For this, we use a catalogue of 75 N-body simulated clusters (van Kampen 1994) which assume a CDM spectrum with $ \Omega = 1.0 $. The simulations include a recipe for galaxy formation and merging. 'Observing' these simulated clusters produces an ellipticity distribution that extends to much higher $ \epsilon $ and that has too few nearly spherical clusters. Preliminary results of simulations of the formation of clusters in an $ \Omega = 0.2 $ universe suggest that, on average, clusters are more nearly spherical in this case.


Through the review of enterprises' innovation impetus theory,the paper analyses the factors influencing the enterprises' innovation impetus.And then the paper emphatically analyses the internal and external impetus factors of independent innovation influencing Guangdong large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises,from four aspects including enterprise itself,market,government and the society.According to these factors,the paper at last puts forward some solutions and measures for enhancing independent innovation impetus in these enterprises.


Turnip mosaic virus(TuMV) is a widely harmful and variable potyvirus.Analysis on the sequence of the virus is helpful to understand its evolution,and is the foundation for the virus resistance breeding.P3 protein is one of the most highly variable proteins of TuMV,which contains a key determinant of its ability to infect hosts in different genera,Brassica(B) and/or not Raphanus(R).Four TuMV isolates(BJ-R01,BJ-B01,BJ-B02 and BJB03) were collected from the Raphanus and Brassica crops in Beijing,and the P3 gene were cloned from these isolates respectively.All the four P3 genes are 1 065 bp long,encoding 355 amino acids,and highly homologous.They share identities of 92.6%~99.3% and 93.5%~99.7% at nucleotide and amino acid respectively.The result of phylogenic analysis shows that these four isolates belong to TuMV world-B group.The pathogenic analysis reveals that all the four isolates belong to BR pathogenic type.They all have strong symptomatology to the Brassica,but show apparent difference to the Raphanus.