We explore the effective nonlinear (NL) optical response of transparent materials illuminated by strong light beams. Two different setups were used to study the influence of the numerical aperture (NA) corresponding to the collecting lens on the measured coefficients in the open- and closed-aperture Z-scan transmittance. For that, we have reproduced experiments in ${{\rm CS}_2}$CS2 at 532 nm in the picosecond regime using the ${D}4\sigma$D4σ-Z-scan method. It is found that measurements of high-order NL coefficients are not possible after a limit defined by the self-focusing of light inside the cell, and that stimulated light scattering is not significant to explain alone the saturation behavior that occurs in the NL refraction measurements. Indications are given for future Z-scan-based experiments that may clarify the boundary conditions to be respected for the measurement.


Using an AMPT tester and based on laboratory tests, this paper performed a comparative study on the dynamic characteristics of different asphalt mixtures, analyzed the influence of different asphalt binders on the characteristic parameters of the dynamic modulus master curve and the phase angle master curve of asphalt mixture, and expounds the evaluation function of the phase angle master curve for mixture relaxation characteristics. The results show that the modulus master curve parameters of the asphalt mixture are closely related to voids in the mineral aggregate, mixture density, and asphalt content of the asphalt mixture. For the same kind of asphalt mixture, because the gradation of mineral aggregate is fixed and the volume parameters are almost the same, the ultimate modulus of the mixture at different temperatures is unique; when the temperature changes or the asphalt changes, the shape parameter β of the modulus master curve changes regularly, which brings different dynamic responses, and the lower β will show the characteristics of a higher modulus. Asphalt is the source of the viscoelasticity of the asphalt mixture. Although the influence of particle gradation of the mixture will bring about the change of modulus, the phase angle of the mixture depends on the viscoelastic properties of asphalt, and the initial phase angle in the main curve is positively correlated with asphalt penetration and negatively correlated with the softening point and viscosity, while the peak phase angle A is negatively correlated with penetration, and the softening point viscosity is positively correlated. The viscoelastic interval, represented by ω, is negatively correlated with penetration but positively correlated with the softening point and viscosity. The peak position, parameter ωc, of the phase angle master curve can evaluate the relaxation characteristics of the mixture, and the crack resistance of different mixtures can be compared without complex model calculation. In the comparison of the relaxation time of asphalt mixture, the relaxation time of foam cold-recycled mixture is the largest, which is significantly higher than that of other forms of cement mixture; the emulsified asphalt cold-recycled mixture is equivalent to AC20 and LSPM30 mixtures; the SBS-modified asphalt mixture has the best relaxation characteristics.


Most enterprises in the Serbian economy are guided, structured and culturally oriented in a way that accepts only minor changes. When such companies face with the challenges from the environment, they respond in an inadequate manner and with a delay. There is an increasing need for the enterprise to have a strategy which is harmonized with the structure that allows normal functioning and, on the other hand, to has an ability to notice and make innovative changes. The organization is successful if its organizational structure allows it through the continuous process of designing and process of making decisions about a number of issues with regards on the form, system and characteristics of the organization (enterprise) of machine industry. Regardless of the size and diversification of the organization, when designing new solutions an attention should be paid to the future of the organization for the challenges yet to come, but also on the motivation of individuals related to the organization's goals. Today doing business is more complex and constantly seeks creation of added value and competitive advantages. New opportunities for better business are within the organizations and through the achievement of efficiency and effectiveness by involving all stakeholders.


This article considers the state policy towards the transformation of higher education in Russia on the example of universities in the Republic of Dagestan. Higher education in the Republic of Dagestan in the 21st century has passed a period of profound changes, and there are still disputes about the ways of domestic education further development, forms and methods of increasing its competitiveness in the world educational market. In these disputes, the key element remains the assessment of Soviet educational standards and the historical heritage of Soviet higher education. At the beginning of the 1990s, higher education in the Republic was, on the one hand, a fully developed system of education, in terms of quantitative and qualitative indicators. On the other hand, it was characterized by conservatism, narrow specialization, dogmatism, isolation from the constantly changing needs of society and the economy, and standardness. These shortcomings were already evident at the end of the Soviet period of Russian history. One of the important components of the policy of acceleration and perestroika proclaimed by M. S. Gorbachev and his colleagues became the attempt to carry out a deep transformation of higher education, giving it flexibility and a strong connection with the urgent needs of the national economy. The study of higher education policy in 1986-1990 is relevant today as an example of the first conscious attempt by the political leadership to transform higher education in the direction of serving the interests of the changing economic system. The positive and negative elements of the experience of 1986-1990 should help in shaping and implementing higher school reform in our time.


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT Personal hygiene is a significant risk factor that contributes to foodborne illness. Appropriate handwashing behaviors can significantly reduce this risk.Recently, world is facing covid-19 pandemic situation. Hand hygiene is vital principle and exercise in the prevention, control and reduction of health care


Resting cysts of planktonic dinoflagellates, once produced, sink to the seabed where they can remain viable for a long time. These cysts have important ecological roles, such as acting as the inoculum for the development of planktonic populations. Moreover, dinoflagellate cyst records from depth sediment cores are broadly used as a proxy to infer past environmental conditions. In this study, the main objective was to obtain information on the relationships between the spatial distribution of modern dinoflagellate cysts and present-day hydrography in the NW Iberian shelf. Cyst assemblages were analyzed in 51 surface sediment samples with varying grain sizes, collected at different water depths, following nine transects perpendicular to the coast, between Aveiro and Figueira da Foz (Atlantic Iberian margin). Multivariate statistical analyses revealed marked land-sea and latitudinal gradients in the distribution of cysts, and helped investigate how environmental factors [water depth, grain size, sea-surface temperature (SST), sea-surface salinity (SSS), bottom temperature (BTT) and surface chlorophyll-a concentration (CHL)] influence modern dinoflagellate cyst composition and abundances. Three main ecological signals were identified in the modern dinoflagellate cyst assemblages: (1) the heterotroph signal as the main upwelling signal; (2) the dominance of P. reticulatum and L. polyedra signal, indicative of warm stratified conditions, possibly reflecting transitional environments between more active inshore upwelling and warmer offshore waters; and (3) the G. catenatum signal for the presence of mid-shelf upwelling fronts. The almost absence of viable cysts of the toxic and potentially toxic species G. catenatum L. polyedra and P. reticulatum suggests that in the study area, for these species, there is no build-up of significant cyst beds and thus planktonic populations must depend on other seeding processes. These results are the first detailed modern distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in the NW Iberian Atlantic margin (off Portugal), and show a good correspondence with hydrographic features of summer upwelling season in the study area, meaning that they are reflecting water column characteristics and therefore may be used as supporting evidence for the interpretation of stratigraphic cyst records and reconstruction of past marine ecosystems in W Iberia.


We have shown through experiment a complicated dynamic behavior of a cantilever (90/30/–30/–30/30/90)s graphite-epoxy plate. The plate was base excited using a 2000-lb table shaker near its seventh (third torsional) mode. We monitored the input excitation condition using a base mounted accelerometer and the plate response using a laser vibrometer. For some excitation amplitudes and frequencies, we observed the activation of a low-frequency (first bending) mode accompanied by amplitude and phase modulations of the seventh mode. The energy transfer from the high- to low-frequency modes observed in the plate configuration is similar to those observed in flexible beams by Anderson, Balachandran, and Nayfeh (1994) and Nayfeh and Nayfeh (1994) and in frames by Popovic, Nayfeh, Oh, and Nayfeh (1995). Therefore, we conclude that this type of modal interactions is possible for all ranges of structural stiffnesses and configurations whenever there exist modes whose natural frequencies are much lower than the natural frequencies of the directly excited modes. In addition, we also observed simultaneous activation of a two-to-one internal resonance along with the high- to low-frequency modal interactions for some excitation amplitudes and frequencies. We used time-history and power-spectra plots to characterize the experimental data and force-response plots to characterize the dynamics of the plate.


We studied the anisotropic properties of semipolar (11-22) GaN thin film grown on m-plane sapphire substrate using a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Among many growth parameters, it was found that anisotropic crystal qualities and surface morphologies were significantly affected by growth pressure, growth temperature and NH3 flow. The X-ray rocking measurements with different incident beam directions shows that anisotropic crystal properties of semipolar GaN, observed by two directions of [11-2-3] and [1-100], were improved by high temperature, high growth pressure and low NH3 flow. In addition, anisotropic surface morphology was significantly improved by low growth temperature and low growth pressure. Particularly, low NH3 flow would drastically reduce anisotropic crystal properties without changing anisotropic surface morphology. From I-V measurements for semipolar GaN with two different NH3 flows, the resistance difference with two directions of [11-23] and [1-100] was decreased by reducing anisotropic crystal properties. Therefore, we believed that low NH3 flow was one of major growth parameters to reduce anisotropic crystal and electrical properties of semipolar (11-22) GaN template.


A group G is said to be locally graded if every nontrivial, finitely generated subgroup of G has a nontrivial finite image. Every group can occur as a quotient of a locally graded group. It is shown that the largest subgroup and quotient closed interior of the class of locally graded groups is the class of groups in which every simple quotient of every finitely generated subgroup is finite. This article investigates conditions under which a given quotient of a locally graded group is locally graded, and the result is used to get more precise condition for a quotient of a linear group to be locally graded.


Three nano-baskets of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-1,2-crown-3 were synthesized and their binding abilities towards alkali and alkaline earth metals as well as some lanthanides were studied using differential pulse voltammetry. The novelty of this study was the investigation of macrocyclic complexes by voltammetric behaviors of two acidic moieties in each scaffold. Their voltammetric behaviors were closely related to the complex formation by entrapment of cation into crown ether cavity and ion-dipole interaction between cation and acidic moieties in calixcrowns. The results revealed that the sulfur atom in the crown ring as well as the position of crown-3 ether in 1,2-alternate instead of cone conformer changed the binding ability of the scaffold to more cations.


The title of this article could better have been listed as "The Education of Hyman Kaplan Revisited" because, as I carried out research for the paper, I found that parallels between adult ESL programs in this metropolitan area and the fictional "American Night Preparatory School for Adults" kept coming to my attention. I learned that Leo Rosten's very entertaining stories of immigrants learning English were actually drawn from his experiences in teaching English as a second language in Chicago, although the locale was changed to New York in the stories.


Urbanization and agricultural modernization are the two sides of industrialization. In the sense of industries, the nature of the relationship of these two sides is the interaction between the development of the second and third industries and the modernization of the first industry. They depend on and boost each other, while there are some contradictions between them. So in order to guarantee their development coordinately and smoothly, it is necessary for the government to take part in the developing processes and make efforts to avoid and get rid of their discordances and contradictions.


An improved formulation of drag estimation for thick airfoils is presented. Drag underprediction in XFOIL-like viscous–inviscid interaction methods can be quite significant for thick airfoils used in wind turbine applications (up to 30%, as seen in the present study). The improved drag formulation predicts the drag accurately for airfoils with reasonably small trailing-edge thicknesses. The derivation of drag correction is based on the difference between the actual momentum loss thickness based on freestream velocity and that based on the velocity at the edge of the boundary layer. The improved formulation is implemented in the most recent versions of XFOIL and RFOIL (an aerodynamic design and analysis method based on XFOIL, developed by a consortium of the Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands, the National Aerospace Laboratory/NLR, and the Delft University of Technology after the Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands acquired the XFOIL code; after 1996, the Energy Research Centre of the Netherla...


The application of thin-walled tubes as energy-absorbing equipment has been recognized in various structural systems. The structure absorbs energy by converting kinetic energy to plastic deformation energy. This study will investigate the crash box with several square cross-section ratios about the ability to absorb impact energy. The specimens are made of thin aluminum tubes, 2 mm of thick, 150 mm of length, and the cross-section is a square with 50 mm x 50 mm of size. The size of the square cross-sections is varied by maintaining a fixed circumference. The steel impactor crash into the axial direction specimen by 80 m / s of velocity. The elastic deformation, plastic deformation, and the reaction force occurred due to the collision. The simulation is completed by ANSYS WORKBENCH based on the finite element method. The experiments obtained the maximum deformation, the reaction force, and plastic deformation energy. The square cross-section 50 mm × 50 mm (ratio = 1) the deformation is 49,442 mm. The greater the ratio, the greater the deformation occurs. The reaction force is also getting larger with a larger ratio. On the other hand, the energy absorbed from plastic deformation is getting smaller. It has been agreed that the cross-section ratio = 1 is the best performance of the impact energy absorption.


A computer simulation of the superficial induction hardening process has been presented basing on a worked out model which takes into account electromagnetic and thermal fields coupling, connections between temperature changes and phase transitions and nonlinearity of material properties, in order to obtain the desired properties of the end product. The commercial computer calculation programmes based on the finite elements method Flux, TTSteel, Metal7 have been applied for hardening process simulation, complemented by the user's own procedures taking into consideration the specific character of the process. The results obtained have been experimentally verified. The method presented for material final properties forecasting enables the selection of electrical parameters, inductor's shape and cooling method and can be really helpful in design and proper heat treatment.


Abstract Evidence shows that the argument that Africa was an illiterate continent before the arrival of the Europeans is a myth, ingeniously crafted by western European powers to justify their colonial agenda. Education based on Islamic Knowledge was widespread and popular in sub-Saharan Africa. In reality, it may be argued that it was the colonial system that destroyed the African education system and imposed its languages, cultures and education models. This article is about education in the Peul Fuuta community which adopted the Qur'an for educational purposes. It shows that the Peul Fuuta community has not only used Arabic and Islamic teachings to suit its pedagogic aspirations and communication needs, but it has adopted the Qur'an to access knowledge.


Cryogenics is derived from Greek word "Kryos" which means cold and is combined with the shortened form of English word "Genic" which means to generate. Cryogenics is the Science and Technology that relates to temperature zone below (-1500 C) to near zero Kelvin. In the present study, the analysis of surface roughness of 2507 Super-duplex Stainless steel was done while dry CNC turning using ISO K313 WC/Co inserts which were Deep Cryogenically treated. The Cutting speed (90, 110, 130 m/min), Feed (0.04, 0.06, 0.08 mm/min) and Depth of Cut (0.40, 0.60, 0.80 mm/rev) were the input parameters each having three levels. The results showed that the CT (Cryogenically Treated) inserts performed significantly better and improved the Surface finish of 2507 Super-Duplex Steels than the UT (Untreated inserts). Taguchi's L9 Orthogonal Array, S/N ratio and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were employed in investigating and analysing the data obtained fromexperimentation for evaluating the surface Roughness of steel and also to find the optimal cuttingconditions.


Motivated by neuroscience applications, we introduce the concept of qualitative estimation as an adaptation of classical parameter estimation to nonlinear systems characterized by i) large parameter variability and redundancy, ii) a small number of possible robust, qualitatively different behaviors and, iii) the presence of sharply different characteristic timescales. These properties are omnipresent in neurosciences and hamper quantitative modeling and fitting of experimental data. As a result, novel estimation strategies are needed to face neuroscience challenges like online epileptic seizure detection. In this context, the objective is no longer to seek for the exact value of the unknown parameters as traditionally done in the control literature. Instead, we propose to estimate the distance of the unknown parameters to (unknown) critical values at which a change of activity occurs, we talk of qualitative estimation. We introduce these ideas on a class of nonlinear systems with a single unknown sigmoidal nonlinearity and two sharply separated timescales. This class of systems is shown to either have a globally exponentially stable fixed point, corresponding to the resting activity, or exhibit relaxation oscillations, depending on a single ruling parameter and independently of the exact shape of the nonlinearity. We then design and analyze a qualitative estimator, which estimates the distance between the ruling parameter and the unknown critical value at which the resting/oscillation transition happens without using any quantitative fitting of the measured data. The designed estimator therefore provides online information about the actual activity of the system and how close it is to a change of activity.


As an accompanying phenomenon in the process of psychological consulting, the nature of impedance is the visitors' resistance to the self-exposure and self-change. There are various manifestations of the visitors' impedance, and there are many internal and external reasons for the appearance of impedance. Facing with the different types of the visitors' impedance, a qualified psycho-consultee should possess many basic vocational skills, which is the key to a successful psycho-consulting activity.


Resumen en: This article covers the Colombian State in its process of consolidation, with the passed measures that placed the children of the slaves in a position of...


SINCE the original paper of Trendelenburg1 describing attempted removal of massive pulmonary emboli, the literature has contained many reports of unsuccessful attempts to relieve the mortally distr...


Effective transportation is indispensable to economic progress. The economic level of achievement of any society is dependent upon, and a measure of, the efficiency of the transportation system serving the society. Without adequate facilities for moving people and goods, economic and social activities can be carried on only in a limited, local way. (1 ) * Throughout history the most advanced areas in the world have been those whose transportation facilities were the best and most efficient. Any area, whether a farm, village, city, state or nation, must have adequate transportation facilities available to permit effective competition of markets for the products of that area and to make that area accessible for imported goods, raw materials, capital, and labor.


This degree project has been carried out by Helen Holmgren and Par Nystrom,students at the Innovation and Design Engineer programme at the Faculty ofTechnology and Science at Karlstad University. T ...


Principal component analysis (PCA) is an extensively used dimensionality reduction technique, with important applications in many fields such as pattern recognition, computer vision and statistics. It employs the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix of the data to project it on a lower dimensional subspace. Kernel PCA, a generalized version of PCA, performs PCA implicitly in a nonlinearly transformed feature space. In many cases, experiments show that kernel PCA is more effective than conventional PCA. However, the requirement of PCA eigenvectors is a computational bottleneck which poses serious challenges and limits the applicability of PCA-based methods, especially for real-time computations. This paper proposes an alternative framework, relying on polynomial filtering which enables efficient implementations of both PCA and its kernelized version. Further improvements are achieved when polynomial filtering is combined with wavelet transforms to obtain sparse representations of images. We showcase the applicability of the proposed scheme on face recognition. In particular, we consider the eigenfaces and kernel eigenfaces methods which employ PCA and kernel PCA respectively. The numerical experiments reported indicate that the proposed technique competes with the PCA based methods in terms of recognition rate, while being much more efficient in terms of computational and storage cost.


The invention belongs to the technical field of motor manufacture, and relates to a three degree of freedom spherical motor with multiple physical field mixing driving. The spherical motor comprises a supporting part, a stator and a spherical rotor, wherein the supporting part comprises a base and a spherical stator casing fixed on the base. The top end of the stator casing is provided with a circular hole. One layer or more than one layer of winding installation holes is uniformly distributed on the upper sphere of the stator casing in the direction parallel to the equator. The stator comprises a stator winding and an ultrasonic vibrator, wherein the stator winding consists of a winging shaft and a coil. The diameter of the winding shaft is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the winding installation hole, and the top of the winding shaft penetrates through a compression spring and is arranged in the winding installation hole. The ultrasonic vibrator is fixed on the base, and the upper end of the ultrasonic vibrator is in an inner cone shape, and is matched with the spherical rotor. The spherical rotor is uniformly embedded in a multilayer permanent magnet pole along the direction parallel to the equator. The invention has reliable structure, improves the torque characteristic of the motor, and enhances the design flexibility of the motor control system.


The change detection using the satellite imagery and airphotos has been carried out in the application of terrain mapping, environment, forestry, facility detection, etc. The low-spatial resolution data such as Landsat, NOAA satellite images is generally used for automatic change detection, while on the other hand the high-spatial resolution data is used for change detection by image interpretation. The research to integrate automatic method with manual change detection through the high-spatial resolution satellite image is performed. but the problem such as shadow, building 'lean' due to perspective geometry and precision geocorrection was found. In this paper we performed change detection using the IKONOS satellite images, and present the concerning problem.


Carrying capacity estimation of marine finfish cage culture was carried out twice at Pathew Bay, Chumphon Province during 2002 2003. The concept ofoxygen budget to me€t the maximum carrying capacity was used in estimation. It found that the prcsent cage culture in the bay is 950 fish (size 250 1000 gntfish) at FC2. And the fish is 450 fish (size 250 450 grnlfish) at FC4. When the carrying capacity estimation is concem, the culture fish is under the carrying capacity at FC2 for seabass around 33.4Eo r 54,250 em (body weight). Grouper is cultured over the carrying capactly 28.0o/a or 84,000 gm(body weigh0. At FC4, seabass i cultured over carrying capacity 6'7.lEa or 135,900 gm (body weight) and grouper is cultured over catrrying cap .ity 73.1Ea or 82,250 gm (body weight). This result should show to fish famers in order to undentand the cultured condition. The number of cultured fish should be decreased to meet the carrying capacity. rResearchOfiice. Deparrment ofFisberies, Chaluchak, Bmgkok, e-mail: siril @ fisheries.go.lh. r Coastal Aquaculture Research Institute, Kao Seng,Muang, Songkhla,9m00. Thailand r Marine and Coastal Resources Research Cent€a Central Gulf ofThailand, Paknum, Muang. Chumphon, 86120, Thailand 'Chumphon Marine Fisheries Research and Development Center. Paknum, Muang, Chumphon,86l20. Thailand.


In this paper, an artificial neural network (ANN) model is used to predict the monthly solar energy potential in Bangladesh. Used data are taken from NASA database for the past 22 years average from 1983 to 2005 and eight divisional cities are considered in this study. A multi-layered feed forward ANN model of four layers with eight independent input variables i.e. average temperature, sunshine duration, wind speed, precipitation, humidity, elevation, cloud coverage and atmospheric pressure to predict the monthly solar irradiation. Data from six cities are used for training and the remaining two cities were considered for testing and validation. A solar irradiation map is developed by data mapping using GIS technology. From the illustrations, the predicted data show good agreement with the observed data. This indicates that, this model can be used to predict solar irradiation of Bangladesh and to provide sufficient information about the feasibility of solar powered projects.


Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is the physiologic process of gastric contents transferring upward, past the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), and into the esophagus. GER occurs naturally in more than 25% of infants, peaks at approximately 3 to 4 months of age, and usually self-resolves with time without pathologic consequences. When reflux symptoms become severe or complications such as esophagitis, refusal to eat, or weight loss develop, GER progresses to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Intractable GERD occurs when symptoms or complications of GERD persist despite optimal medical treatment. The prevalence of GERD is less than 5% in early school-aged children and approximately 10% in children older than 10 years. GERD is an umbrella term for a spectrum ofmanifestations that can be classified into categories based on symptoms, endoscopic findings, reflux monitoring, and underlying pathophysiology. The 4 major subtypes of GERD are 1) erosive reflux disease, 2) nonerosive esophageal reflux disease, 3) reflux hypersensitivity, and 4) functional heartburn. Functional heartburn is the most prevalent phenotype in children. Identifying a patient's distinct GERD phenotype aids in selection of more effective treatment. GERD management should be based on the best available evidence, consistent with practice guidelines from the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN). Nutritional management is the mainstay of nonpharmacologic treatment of GER in infants younger than 1 year. The initial approach involves avoiding overfeeding, thickening feeds, or switching to an extensively hydrolyzed formula. Thickening standard formula with cereal, cornstarch, locust bean gum, and other agents has effectively reduced regurgitation, vomiting, and agitation and has led to better weight gain. Given the overlap in symptoms of GER andmilk protein allergy, using a hydrolyzed formula or eliminating cow milk from the maternal diet for breastfed infants is often effective in improving GER. Amino acid–based formulas are recommended only for intractable GERD. Such formulas and overall cow milk protein restriction have been associated with increased risk of disordered eating in children. Furthermore, long-term milk avoidance beyond 1 year of age requires nutritional guidance. Any formula change should include a minimum 2-week trial to allow time to assess response. Unlike the case with infants, dietary and lifestyle modifications for children and adolescents are mostly based on adult recommendations rather than on high-quality evidence in the pediatric age group. AUTHOR DISCLOSURE Drs Berg and Khlevner have disclosed no financial relationships relevant to this article. This commentary does not contain a discussion of an unapproved/investigative use of a commercial product/device.


Calculating the emissions of "Three Wastes" implicated in the export sectors by the model of environmental input-output, and then bringing this emissions and energy consumption into the efficiency evaluation system of export sectors, the paper evaluates the environmental efficiency of export sectors from 2001 to 2010 by using the nonradial and non-oriented SBM model. The results show that China bears enormous environmental costs in the international trade, and the environmental efficiency of export sectors increases by more than 10% annually, but it is still at a relative low level. To improve the environmental efficiency of export sectors, the corresponding policies should be taken from the trade structure adjustment and the environmental policy implementation.


This study draws on the fields of cognitive anthropology and structural linguistics for a new way of interpreting prehistoric ceramic design. The objective of the study is to get beyond formal classification and description of archaeological pots and uncover the "cognition and grammar" of their design. The cognitive approach emphasises rules underlying surface phenomena. The tools used for detecting "stock elements" and "symmetry operations" current among potters in prehistoric Thailand were the vessels excavated there. As any apprentice decorator might have done, the author practiced painting Ban Chiang designs and describes the results of her analysis. The meaning or symbolism of the designs is not at issue. In order to define the design "grammar" of these pots, a lexicon of science was employed. "Fundamental units", the smallest line segments that could enter into the operation, "primary design units", bases of serial repetitions, and "operations which comprise strategies employed to create units" or fields, are at issue. The "behaviour of making and decorating pots" is guided by "competence and performance models" or ruled by "universal constraints". Symmetry is defined as "rules for the arrangement of regularly repeated parts" of a design. "Translation", "longitudinal", "transverse" and "slide" reflections are examples of diverse forms of repetition. Three classes of design are identified and described: Spiral design, Concentric design and Sigmoid design, all composed of complex, often confusing curvilinear elements. Spirals, drawn by single or double lines, are interpreted as dependent upon two sets of design rules, one simple, the other more complex, owing to increased numbers of convolutions. Concentric designs, most commonly lenticular in outline, are nestled in evenly spaced increments, bounded by "links", "contact", "pairing", "crossing" and "translation". They appear in arcs and circles on slightly shorter, more globular vessels and are less uniform than spiral-designs. Sigmoid designs are composed of Cor beanshaped units, arranged in continuous bands against a cross-hatched or hachured background. They are "simple structurally, yet may be realised in a wide variety of surface representations and may be elaborated by certain artists to emphasise similarities with snakes, male and female genital organs, and complete human figures" (p. 59). They appear to illustrate the greatest "creativity potential" of the potters involved. The summary and conclusions cross-refer the design classes and generalise, for instance, that Ban Chiang painted designs can be related to asymmetric spirals, that concentrics exhibit "low level bilateral symmetry" and sigmoid designs "high level symmetry", that almost all are composed of one-dimensional, infinite band designs within an overall net-pattern, and that upper and lower decorative zones located on the rims and pedestals of these vessels, obtained special treatment. The obj ective of this research, to explain the production process of painted designs, not their source or their inspiration and uses, is tentative and experimental. Connoisseurs of pots and art, used to other styles of presentation, may experience difficulties in following the assumptions and discourse of a cognitive anthropologist. Her convoluted details are only partly a matter of words, however. Ban Chiang painted designs are beautifully complex and almost boundless in their variety. They deserve serious attention, from diverse points of view.


The influence of the genotype of an organism on the genetic effects induced by radiation is analyzed. The change in radiation genetic effects due to the change in the number of nuclear structures in the cell and the effects of the reconstruction of nuclear structures on the response of separate genes were investigated in two groups of penicillin strains. The dipole family 48/66 consisting of four strains, two initial haploids, the diploid itself, and recombination diploid and diploid 16/66, also consisting of two haploids, the diploid and recombination were studied using ultraviolet and x rays. The data show that a much larger number of morphological changes showed up in diploid strains irradiated by ultraviolet rays than in haploid strains. A larger number of morphological changes were also found in x-irradiated dipole cultures. Tests with double biochemical E. coli mutants show that the interactions of genes are capable of stopping or slowing down induced changes and vice versa. (R.V.J.)


During the period 1966 to 1976, 22 outbreaks with 292 individual cases of salmonellosis associated with the consumption of homemade ice cream were reported to the Center for Disease Control. Salmonella typhimurium accounted for 45% of the outbreaks. The source of eggs used was known in 13 outbreaks, and all were ungraded farm- or home-produced eggs, a potential source of salmonellae. In 11 outbreaks, the method of preparation was known, and in all, the ice-cream custard had not been cooked before freezing.


A walk-through survey was conducted at the Johns-Manville Corporation, Fibrous Glass Plant 7, Waterville, Ohio, on March 30, 1973, to observe the microfiber operations in this facility and to take preliminary air samples in the microfiber operations. The major products of the plant are microfibers for making filtration papers, microfelt insulation, microquartz refractory fibers, and die pads and larger-diameter fibers. The processes are described in detail. Potential health hazards observed include: respiratory exposure to small diameter fibrous glass, fibrous-glass mechanical dermatitis, high noise exposures in fibrous glass forming areas, and respiratory exposure to binder materials liberated during curing. Relatively large exposures to possibly respirable fibers occur in the microfiber operations, and human experience with such fibers is limited. Therefore, this population should be closely observed for signs of respiratory involvement.


The article deals with the problem of reconstruction or demolition of residential buildings of the first mass series. The indicators are systematized, on the basis of which accounting it is possible to make a scientifically-based decision on the choice of the most rational option for the restoration of residential buildings of the first mass series within the microdistrict.


Abstract : PAH and metal contaminant transport has been studied in the Anacostia River tidal region quarterly since June 1997. Data from this report indicates that the physical transport of total suspended solids (TSS) through the tidal region of the Anacostia River has a substantial impact on the concentrations and fate of PAHs. Result show that the upper tidal region is a source of PAHs to the lower region To initiate an understanding of the fate of PAHs attached to TSS, sediment traps were placed through the river. Sediment deposition at the wide and deep region of the river was similar to or greater than values measured in the upper regions where TSS concentrations are elevated This observation has been supported with the following approaches: (1) comparison of river volumes in the upper river relative to the wide and deep region, and (2) measurements in the variation of current velocity through the river. These results indicate that this segment of the river is a region of substantial sedimentation of TSS attached PAHs attached. This correlates with previous studies that report high concentrations of PAH contaminants in sediments at this region of the river.


People and patients are increasingly using the internet to search for health information, but finding the right terms to search requires iterative search and query reformulation [1], which may be difficult for lay persons who do not have much medical knowledge. To solve the problem, we propose an interactive searching mechanism where resources are annotated using existing healthcare database and search result could be automatically updated based on users' feedback.


scribes projects in small cities in India whose goal was to expose a significant proportion of key leaders to n-Achievement training in hopes that the total economic activity of their communities would thereby be stimulated. The main project compared business activities, both prior and subsequent to the training course, for three groups of businessmen: the first group received the course, a second group from the


Although government recognition is a legal concept of public international law, it interacts with other branches of law, including private international law and international civil procedure. According to the jurisprudence of British and American courts, unrecognized governments do not possess locus standi in civil proceedings in regard to matters which fall within the state dominium. In the mentioned jurisprudence, a doctrine has been formulated according to which judges are bound by the position of their state executive bodies in regard to foreign state and government recognition, which has direct influence on the locus standi of foreign states in the courts of Britain and the United States. The aim of this paper is to present the above rulings, as well as to analyze whether there are grounds for accepting the doctrine which follows from them in Polish civil litigation.


In network management applications, load balancing has typically been achieved by manually configuring the application in-situ or using configuration information generated using offline tools. As networks increase in scale and heterogeneity, management applications are being designed to take advantage of scalable computer hardware and often have multiple instances, each of which bears a portion of the management load of the network elements or functions being managed. The communication between management applications and the network elements they are managing is often stateful, posing a challenge for load balancing because connections must be managed if responsibility for managing some network elements change from one instance to another during load balancing. In this paper, we describe an algorithm that enables load balancing of telecommunication management applications for an arbitrary number of VNFs (Virtual Network Functions). The algorithm, triggered by NFV (Network Function Virtualisaton) orchestration, is horizontally scalable and there is no single point of failure once two or more management application instances are running.


This paper examines the selection and performance evaluation of a variety of piezoelectric materials for cantilever-based sensor applications. The finite element analysis method is implemented to evaluate the relative importance of materials properties such as Young's Modulus (E), piezoelectric stress constants (e31), dielectric constant (e) and Poisson's ratio (υ) for cantilever-based sensor applications. An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to assign weights to the properties that are studied for the sensor structure under study. A technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is used to rank the performance of the piezoelectric materials in the context of sensor voltage outputs. The ranking achieved by the TOPSIS analysis is in good agreement with the results obtained from finite element method simulation. The numerical simulations show that K0.5Na0.5NbO3–LiSbO3 (KNN–LS) materials family is important for sensor application. Young's modulus (E) is most influencing material's property followed by piezoelectric constant (e31), dielectric constant (e) and Poisson's ratio (υ) for cantilever-based piezoelectric sensor applications.


Over an 11‐year period in one surgeon's practice, mammary duct ectasia constituted 5.5 per cent of all breast diseases treated by operation. A total of 78 patients undergoing major duct excision for mammary duct ectasia has been studied to determine the success of the standard operative treatment. Good results were obtained when the indications for operation were nipple retraction, nipple discharge or a sub‐areolar mass. By contrast, generally poor results were obtained in 9 patients in whom the indication for operation was recurrent para‐areolar sepsis; two of these ultimately came to simple mastectomy.


Tissue engineering is a promising technology for both its possible applications in the fields of regenerative medicine and medical research. One of its challenges is to create an environment which allows the cell cultures to develop correctly. This environment is far from static and normally is modified by the cells themselves. To this end, adaptable systems have to be developed to ensure a successful development of the in-vitro tissue. This research focuses on a system which is able to modify an external electrical stimulus on a culture chamber, during its cultivation. This system, through a variation of the stimulus direction, successfully improved the orientation of the developing myocytes.


In 2013, the leadership team of McClelland College agreed to partner with a PhD researcher from Victoria University (VU), Maggie Callingham. The aim of the research was to gather data about ways in which the school was engaging its students in learning. The research used a Youth Participatory Action Research model.


Missing via has been a defect in semiconductor manufacturing,especially of foundries.Its solution can be rather attractive in yield improvement for relatively mature technology since each percentage point improvement will mean significant profit margin enhancement.However,the root cause for the missing via defect is not easy to determine since many factors,such as,defocus,material re-deposition,and inadequate development,can lead to missing via defects.Therefore,knowing the exact cause for each defect type is the key.In this paper,we will present the analysis methodology used in our company.In the experiments,we have observed three types of missing vias.The first type consists of large areas,usually circular,of missing patterns,which are primarily located near the wafer edge.The second type consists of isolated sites with single partially opened vias or completely unopened vias.The third type consists of relatively small circular areas,within which the entire via pattern is missing.We have first tried the optimization of the developing recipe and found that the first type of missing via can be largely removed through the tuning of the rinse process,which improves the cleaning efficiency of the developing residue.However,this method does not remove missing via of the second and third type.We found that the second type of missing via is related to local defocus caused by topographical distribution.To resolve the third type of missing via defects,we have performed extensive experiments with different types of developer nozzles and different types of photomasks,and the result is that we have not found any distinct dependence of the defect density on either the nozzle or the mask types.Moreover,we have also studied the defect density from three resists with different resolution capability and found a correlation between the defect density and the resist resolution.It seems that,in general,lower resolution resists also have lower defect density.The results will be presented in the paper.


Objective To investigate the efficacy and feasibility of a self-management programme incorporating a sleep intervention for improving diabetes outcomes. Design A single-arm pre-test and post-test study was conducted within a community setting in Hiroshima, Japan. Participants Participants were aged 52–74 years and diagnosed with type 2 diabetic nephropathy stages 1–3. Interventions Participants received self-management education from nurses for 6 months. First, the nurses assessed their sleep conditions using insomnia scales and a sleep metre. Then, the participants learnt self-management to increase their physical activity and improve their sleep condition. They also implemented diet therapy and medication adherence. Outcome measures Physiological indicators, subjective and objective indicators of sleep quality, self-management indicators, quality of life (QOL) and feasibility were evaluated. To confirm the efficacy of intervention, Freidman tests, analysis of variance, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and t-test were performed. Pearson's correlations were analysed between activities and sleep condition. Results Of the 26 enrolled participants, 24 completed the programme and were analysed. Among them, 15 participants (62.5%) had sleep disorders caused by multiple factors, such as an inappropriate lifestyle and physical factors that interfere with good sleep. Although insomnia scales did not change for the sleep disorders, their subjective health status improved. Regarding indicators related to diabetes management, lifestyles improved significantly. Haemoglobin A1c, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and QOL also improved. All participants except one were satisfied with the programme. However, use of the sleep metre and nurses' consultation about sleep disturbance were not well evaluated. Conclusions This programme was effective in improving diabetes status, lifestyle and behaviour changes. However, its effect on sleep condition was limited because of its complexity. A simple and novel approach is needed to strengthen the motivation for sleep behaviour change and to increase programme efficacy and feasibility. Trial registration number UMIN000025906.


The article describes the design of a millimeter wave gyrotron at the second harmonic gyrofrequency. The gyrotron operates in the mode TE06, with efficiency of 27%, the pinch factor q = 1.3, accelerating voltage is 20 kV, current is 5.2 A and output power is 28 kW at operating frequency 300 GHz.


In spectral representations of discrete functions, the main optimization goal is to reduce the number of non-zero spectral coefficients of the function that is represented as a linear combination of a set of basis functions. Fourier transform for matrix-valued functions provides a deterministic way to redistribute the complexity of a spectral representation into a small set of matrix-valued coefficients.


The finite element (FE) method is generally used to model and simulate the physical behavior of large structures, such as passenger vehicles or aircraft. However, FE analysis involves a very large computation time and cost for developing the analysis model. Therefore, the vibration characteristics of large structural systems are often analyzed using the component mode synthesis (CMS) method, which is one of the substructure synthesis methods. In this study, the vibration characteristics of passenger vehicles are analyzed by using the substructure synthesis method. A passenger vehicle model, which includes a vehicle body, suspension systems, and a sub-frame, is presented. The physical components of the vehicle system are modeled as equivalent substructures using the Craig-Bampton method of CMS. The vibration characteristics, such as the natural frequencies and mode shapes and frequency response, of the vehicle system are determined. The effects of variations in some design parameters on the vibration characteristics of the full vehicle model are also investigated.


Based on the principle that the solubility of a salt decreases as the dielectric constant of the solvent decreases, zirconia powders were prepared by heating a zirconyl chloride solution with a 2-PrOH-water mixture as the solvent. The morphology, size, and size distribution of the resulting particles were highly sensitive to the heating method used on the starting solution. Particles formed under conventional heating methods were polydisperse. agglomerated spherical, or irregularly shaped because of inhomogeneous precipitation through the temperature gradient, the shear force induced by stirring, compositional nonuniformity, and the low heating rate. The present study demonstrated that microwaves provide an excellent means of heating uniformly and rapidly without stirring. The particles resulting from microwave treatment were monodisperse and spherical, with a mean diameter of 0.28 {micro}m.


The establishment of 2013 Curriculum had not been counter balanced with the supply of textbook that has been customized to 2013 Curriculum. This research was an e-book development research on trade company adjustment journal based on 2013 Curriculum with the purposes : 1) To analyze the use of e-book on trade company accounting subject especially on the matter of trade company adjustment journal that has been execute so far; 2) To analyze the development design of trade company adjustment journal based on 2013 Curriculum; and 3) To analyze feasibility of the e-book of trade company adjustment journal that has been developed. This research was a research and development research that was executed in two phases, prfeliminary study phase and developmental phase. Result obtained in preliminary study was that the teacher on accounting skill subject had not use the e-book on the learning process of trade company accounting subject, especially on the matter of adjustment journal. E-book development design was started with the planning, early product design, assessment from material and media experts., revision, teacher assessment, revision, and student assessment. Result from student assessment regarding trade company adjustment journal e-book based on 2013 Curriculum yields 87,42% and categorized as good which means it is feasible to be used as media in the learning process.


In order to investigate the occurrence of several cases of supposed or suspected infection of malaria after transfusion of preserved blood, the author studied survival of plasmodia in preserved blood in the following experiments, using mainly Plasmodium berghei (Vincke and Lips) in mice and Plasmodium vivax in humans.1. Plasmodium berghei seemed to preserve its infectivity to mice up to the 3rd day in stored blood after inoculation with anticoagulant Formula B, up to the 2nd day in the same with anticoagulant Formula A and up to the 5th day with simple sodium citrate.2. The infectivity of P. berghei seemed to depend upon the dose of the pathogens.3. In using Plasmodium vivax to human for therapeutic purpose, 2 of 4 recipients showed positive symptoms of infection, who received the contaminated blood preserved with ACD Formula B for 4 days. The incubation period in the other 2 patients was 16 and 17 days after the inoculation respectively.


Motivated by the progress in nanoengineering over the past years, novel experimental approaches to characterise the material behaviour on the nanoscale have been developed which indicate that the material response on the nanoscale does not have to be identical with the one observed on the macro scale, i.e. size effects occur. However, experiments at the nanoscale are expensive and difficult to conduct, therefore necessitates the development of sophisticated modelling approaches which allow for predictive simulations at these scales. Regarding experimental findings on one‐dimensional nano‐materials presented in e.g. [1], and adopting the higher‐order gradient based modelling framework proposed in [2], the development of a fibre‐curvature based contribution to the stored energy function which results into well‐interpretable contributions to the stress‐ and to the couple stress tensor is presented. (© 2017 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The study of the impacts caused by tourism has been one of the most researched aspects of tourism in recent years, and attention has gradually shifted from an examination of the usually positive economic effects of tourism on host communities to the often less desired impacts in the socio-cultural and environmental areas (Mathieson and Wall 1982). In particular, the relationships between residents of tourist destination communities and visitors to those places have provided many examples of the apparent inability of these two groups to co-exist happily in shared space when visitor numbers reach high levels. Efforts to reduce seasonality rarely mitigate such problems, and in fact may accentuate them, as year round tourism implies no 'rest' period for residents during which they can escape the congestion and disturbance often associated with tourism (Baum and Lundtorp 2000). Such a situation is often aggravated in older urban centres where space may be at a premium and residents and visitors have to share much or all of the historic core of the town, particularly old buildings. Venice and Dubrovnik stand out as two of the most intensely used historic towns in which visitors and local residents continuously interact, with little scope for residents to avoid the visitors and the evidence of their existence, should they wish. This sort of situation becomes more serious when the space or facilities which are being shared have particular significance for residents and for which there is no satisfactory alternative or substitute. In the case examined here, the shared space is the principal and central place of worship in the community, a cathedral that is not only a local place of worship but also a major centre for pilgrimage and tourist visitation.


ABSTRA C T We report the results of an asymptotic inversion of solar oscillation data for the gradient of the sound speed in the convection zone. This gradient reveals details of the non-ideal Coulomb interactions between particles, including pressure ionization. A simplified physical model is used to track down the effect of various physical assumptions in the sound-speed derivative. The model contains a calibration for the size of the H and He atoms and the He 1 ion. We find that, for the pressure-ionization regions of hydrogen and helium, such a model matches the data better than any of the currently available parameter-free theories.


Herein, the research conducted in the field of vacuum‐plasma coating TiVN deposited on the substrate of VT8M‐1 titanium alloy (Ti–5.7Al–3.8 Mo–1.2Zr–1.3Sn) with an ultrafine‐grained (UFG) structure processed by severe plastic deformation (SPD) is explained. The strength characteristics of deposited coating, layer thickness, chemical composition and adhesive properties on substrates with the initial coarse‐grained (CG) and UFG structures are studied. The influence of substrate UFG structure on increasing the hardness of deposited coating and its adhesive characteristics is established. The nature of enhancing the adhesion strength of the coating depending on the substrate microstructure is discussed.


Pagaralam is one of the highest quality coffee producing regions in Indonesia. But the problem that is often found by farmers is the lack of knowledge and predictions about the coffee harvest they will produce in the next period. The solution that can be given is developing an application to be able to analyze and predict coffee yield data for the next harvest period. This study produces a calculation using the Least Square method which can produce a prediction algorithm for coffee yields with the lowest prediction error rate with an MPE of 13.72 and the greatest accuracy using a MAPE of 0.0166 which is implemented in a Coffee Harvest Prediction Application.


Thank you for reading analytic functions and distributions in physics and engineering. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite books like this analytic functions and distributions in physics and engineering, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious virus inside their desktop computer.


It specifies a lamp body unit for a light emitting device and a lighting device that allow for raising and lowering the lamp body unit, which is not hampered by a power cable connection between the lamp body unit and a control housing unit, with power transmitted from the control housing unit via a single cable to the lamp body unit and then is distributed to a variety of lighting modules in the lamp body unit. The lighting device includes the lamp body unit with the plurality of lighting modules that receive electricity and emit light. A lamp body-holding unit that holds the lamp body unit and the control housing unit that converts an input current at an operating current operating and supplying the converted power over the single cable with a single positive core and a single negative wire to the lamp body unit.


Cloud computing has seen massive growth in this decade. With the rapid development of cloud networks, cloud monitoring has become essential for running cloud systems smoothly. Cloud monitoring collects monitoring metrics from the cloud's physical and virtual infrastructures. In terms of data collection, cloud monitoring can be intrusive or non-intrusive. Monitoring data collection non-intrusively from the host operating system (OS) is a challenging task. The aim of this paper was to collect monitoring data from the host OS non-intrusively and to link those data with the cloud controller for use in monitoring. Monitoring data were collected from Procfs of the host OS and that information was linked with the monitoring dashboard on the cloud controller node. The results show that the proposed solution is an efficient, lightweight, and scalable cloud monitoring framework that produces negligible overhead.


By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to ensure an efficient, practical, reciprocal, and aligned system for investigating and determining suitability for Government employment, contractor employee fitness, and eligibility for access to classified information, while taking appropriate account of title III of Public Law 108–458, it is hereby ordered as follows:


Tues July 9 Get Fit Club: Pilates (6-7 pm) Osborn MetroPark Erie Room Game Night (6-7 pm) Huron Library Wed July 10 Lapsit Storytime (10:15 am); Toddler Time (11 am) Huron Library R Explore the Estuary by Canoe or Kayak (5-7 pm) Old Woman Creek Boathouse R Just About Horses and Donkeys (6-7 pm) The Barnyard at Osborn MetroPark Family Storytime (6:30 pm); YarnWorks (6:30-8 pm) Huron Library Thurs July 11 R Design Your Own Planet: Grades 7-12 (6 pm) Huron Library R Beatrix Potter: A Woman of Texture (6:30 pm) Huron Library


The temporal evolution of the plasma sheath in small cylindrical bores and planar gaps is calculated for zero‐rise‐time voltage pulses. The ions are modeled as a cold, collisionless fluid, and the problem is reduced to the solution of two coupled, first‐order, ordinary differential equations. These equations are solved analytically for the planar case, and numerically for the cylindrical case. The maximum ion impact energies are 50% and 36.8% of the maximum potential drop in the planar and cylindrical cases, respectively. Ion impact energy decreases with the square of the radius of the bore.


The evaluation system of students is to find a way to solve the status way according to the exact needs of students and the teaching requirements of teachers, so as to improve the teaching level of teachers and improve the quality of school education. This paper uses the real evaluation sample and uses the data mining association rule algorithm to comprehensively analyze the massive data of the evaluation data and the basic information of the teacher. The purpose is to obtain the association rules between the teacher's comprehensive information and its evaluation results. Using the evaluation data to explore its core issues. In this paper, the Eclat algorithm of association rules improves the problem of insufficient memory and occupying a large amount of time when searching for frequent itemsets in the data. The breadth-first algorithm is added to save operation time and improve the efficiency of the algorithm. The effectiveness of the improved algorithm is verified by comparative experiments and applied to the evaluation system so as to provide suggestions for the professional development of teachers from an objective perspective, and to build a harmonious, "people-oriented" evaluation system for students.


Abstract : Health systems are having to change rapidly in today's environment as a result of the turbulent political, social, economic and technological forces. American industries as well as health care systems are reengineering and restructuring to become better organized to confront the future, better positioned to seize opportunities, more capable, effective and efficient. This is further evidenced in the daily news by mergers, joint ventures and other types of consolidations and integrations which are creating a more efficient health care delivery system. These consolidation trends represent high stakes investments which make planning even more critical. These market forces have confronted the Military Health Services System (MHSS) with similar health care delivery and financing issues. As a result, the MMSS is transitioning to managed care (known as TRICARE) in an effort to reduce escalating costs, increase access and improve quality to Department of Defense (DoD) beneficiaries. Planning requires chief executives/leaders to think futuristic as to what is needed and how best to accomplish the mission, objective or purpose of the organization. This is key to survival. The tenets of TQM provide a means for planning to occur in an organization and planning provides the structure or process for implementing TQM. This study analyzes the strategic quality imperatives that are critical to successfully reengineering the MHSS as it transitions to managed care in the wake of downsizing and pressures to privatize peacetime care.


The major immunological barrier to allograft survival is HLA incompatibility. Such alloantigenic differences between a donor and recipient provoke T and B lymphocyte responses, which will result in graft loss unless immunosuppressive drugs are administered. Natural Killer (NK) cells, another type of lymphocyte in the mononuclear cell compartment, have not typically been considered a threat to solid organ allograft survival. Historically, NK cells were thought of as components of innate immunity based on their intrinsic ability to spontaneously kill target cells independent of HLA antigen restriction. However, it is now clear that NK cells are quite sophisticated and use a highly specific and complex target cell recognition receptor system arbitrated via a multitude of inhibitory and activating receptors (1).


Background: The edge computing paradigm allows to reduce latency and response time of applications by bringing computations and data storage closer to the locations where they are needed. Edge computing is used in different kinds of Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Maritime represents an important application domain for IoT applications and edge computing solutions. Modern vessels employ many different types of sensors, which produce a massive amount of data. Edge computing allows to perform computations and data analyses on-board a vessel or at the edge of the network. Objective: To present a comprehensive, unbiased overview of the state-of-the-art on edge computing approaches for maritime applications. Method: A Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) of the existing edge computing approaches for maritime applications. Results: A taxonomy of 17 papers on edge computing approaches for maritime applications. Conclusion: The results of the study show that there is a small number of existing edge computing approaches for maritime applications. Most of the existing approaches focus mainly on monitoring and communication functions in vessels. Moreover, several research gaps exist with respect to the types of edge computing approaches, the purposes of using edge computing on vessels, and the data analysis techniques used for edge computing on vessels.


The newly defined Agrilus quadripunctatus species-group comprising nine species from Indo-Malay and Australasian regions is revised. A key to species is provided and complemented with illustrations of habitus. The following four new species are described: Agrilus calabai sp. nov.; A. jaechi sp. nov.; A. luzonicola sp. nov.; A. salakot sp. nov.


ABSTRACT Human service contractors are an integral part of producing public services. Performance contracting over 30 years has increased accountability measures in order to mitigate transaction costs. Here we address whether the focus on accountability increases unreimbursed costs, something that is particularly harmful to small nonprofit contractors. Using a national survey of the government-nonprofit relationship, conducted by the Urban Institute in 2010, along with lagged financial indicators, we find that nonreimbursed costs associated with accountability harm human service nonprofits.


The photoluminescence in polysilanes (exemplified on poly(methylphenylsilylene) ‐ PMPSi) during the change from linear 1D Si chain to amorphous 3D Si networks was studied. The excitonic absorption observed in 1D Si at 320 nm undergoes a blue shift on introducing branching and networking defects. With the transition to the 3D structure the redistribution of oscillator intensity along the absorption edge with the loss of the resolved r‐r band edge occurs. Further, the disappearance of main-chain exciton r‐r and appearance of the defect luminescence at 450 nm exhibiting red shift with increasing 3D networking are observed. " 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


Microstructural variations have a strong influence on the load transfer capacity of the high-performance polymeric fibers, which is also reflected in their ballistic property changes. The focus of the present study is to investigate thermally induced microstructural changes and their reflection on the mechanical properties and theoretical ballistic limit of poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) fibers by a correlation. From the quantitative analysis of XRD, thermally induced changes in unit cell a-dimension show profound sensitivity in affecting the tenacity and modulus of the fibers. Based on the physicochemical changes in FTIR and FESEM analysis, significant surface deterioration and changes in the chemical network are observed. However, dimensional variations of the crystal structure along a-direction show a stronger influence than the chemical and morphological changes, reflecting sigmoidal responses with tenacity, modulus and theoretical V50 by correlations. As an effect of unit cell dimensional variation, changes in crystallinity are resulted and lead to the loss in theoretical ballistic limit of the fibers by following first-order kinetics. Lastly, angular separation and (200) orientation angle are determined to build a global correlation with modulus and theoretical ballistic limit for quickly decoding macro-changes in terms of micro-properties. The given correlations can help to identify crystallographic transformations upon other induction techniques and view their effect on mechanical and ballistic parameters. In addition, the given approach can be extended for different ballistic materials under any environmental conditions. Graphical Abstract


where 0 < p E C2(Rf:), q E C(R:), n E IN, Rf: = R, \ (0). For second order elliptic differential equation " a a bxj 8x6 Au(x) = C p ( z ) -u(z) + q(z)u(x) = 0 , i=l see [F3]. In the case of ordinary differential equations n = 1 we refer to [F4] and in the case n = 2 to [F2], respectively. Therefore here we give the proofs only for n 2 3. In Section 3 we will establish sufficient oscillation criteria and in Section 4 we apply this results to derive necessary conditions for property BD (discreteness and boundedness from below of the spectrum of every selfadjoint extension) of the differential operator


Abstract Sylvia Docker was an Australian who worked as aphysiotherapist in World War 1 and in 1935, aftertravelling widely undertook her training as anoccupational therapist at the London School ofOccupational Therapy. She returned to Australia in1938 where she pioneered the profession in Melbourne,Victoria and subsequently commenced the first school ofoccupational therapy in New South Wales in 1942(Wilcock, 2002). Sylvia Docker MBE was a true pioneerof the profession and displayed outstanding talent. It isindeed a great honour, although somewhat daunting, tojoin the list of Australian occupational therapists whohave been awarded this Sylvia DockerLectureship whichwas established in 1966


A new constitutive model for the nonlinear behavior of noncrosslinked polymers with infinitesimal strains is derived. It generalizes a model of adaptive links for the viscoelastic behavior of crosslinked polymers. According to the model, a viscoelastic medium is treated as a set of elastic springs that replace each other. The springs model chemical links between polymer molecules, which arise and collapse because of the micro-Brownian motion, a law for replacing the springs determines the stress relaxation in a viscoelastic medium. Unlike crosslinked polymers, noncrosslinked polymers demonstrate steady-state creep flow after some transition period. To describe both the transition process and the steady creep, the model distinguishes two different types of adaptive links. Links of the first type are ruptured under loading, whereas links of the second type replace one another. Both these processes (destruction and replacement) are treated as kinetic, and equations of chemical kinetics are introduced for their description. The nonlinearity of the model arises because of a dependence of rates of kinetic processes on the stress intensity. The constitutive equations derived are testified by comparing theoretical results with data for polypropylene fibers. For the verification we use data presented by three independent sources. The results demonstrate good agreement between experimental observations and their theoretical predictions. Finally, the effect of molecular weight of polymers on parameters of the model is studied.


This article examines the relationship between urban riots and increases in state welfare spending in the 1960s. It finds little evidence of a direct relationship between rioting and state welfare spending increases from own funds; but it does provide evidence that state welfare spending increases from federal funds were related to the level of urban rioting. Possible explanations for this pattern of findings are discussed and directions for further research are suggested.


In this paper, we present a novel method for fault identification in the case of an incipient wheel fault in mobile robots. First, a three-layer neural networks is established to estimate the deviation of the robot dynamics due to the process fault. The estimate of the faulty dynamic model is based on a combination of the nominal dynamic model and the neural network output. Then, by replacing the faulty dynamic model with its estimate value, the primary estimates of the wheel radius appear as the solutions of two quadratic equations. Next, a simple and efficient way to perform these primary estimate selections is proposed in order to eliminate undesired primary estimates. A recursive nonlinear least squares is applied in order to obtain a smooth estimate of the wheel radius. Two computer simulation examples using Matlab/Simulink show that the proposed method is very effective for incipient fault identification in the setting of both left and right wheel faults.


The roll motions of a modern passenger cruise vessel are studied in two different damage cases. NAPA Flooding simulation tool is applied for the study of the floodwater progression in a calm water condition. The impact of ship dynamics are studied in damage case by applying the floodwater to a seakeeping and manoeuvring code LAIDYN. The lumped mass concept for floodwater modelling is adopted and described. The impact of the irregular waves to the roll motion is studied. With the applied method the transient and the wave induced ship motions are seen to occur in average around the quasi-static predicted heel angle. Acknowledgements The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 218532. The financial support is gratefully appreciated. The contribution of Pekka Ruponen and Napa Ltd. is greatly valued. Disclaimer Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the FLOODSTAND Consortium is responsible for the use, which might be made of the following information. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission and other members of the FLOODSTAND Consortium. Copyright © 2011 FP7 FLOODSTAND project consortium Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged FLOODSTAND Impact of Ship Dynamics 3.10.2011 FP7-RTD-218532 in Flooding Simulation D3.2 Final Version 1.1 1 CONTENTS Page CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1 Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... 2 2 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3 2.1 Background ....................................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Task definition ................................................................................................................... 3 2.3 Previous works .................................................................................................................. 3 3 Simulation Method ...................................................................................................................... 4 3.1 Flooding simulation ........................................................................................................... 4 3.2 Simulation of ship motions ................................................................................................. 4 4 Case study .................................................................................................................................. 6 4.1 Studied ship ....................................................................................................................... 6 4.2 Damage case 1. .................................................................................................................. 7 4.3 Damage case 2. .................................................................................................................. 7 5 RESULTS................................................................................................................................... 9 5.1 Simulated cases .................................................................................................................. 9 5.2 Intact ship in waves .......................................................................................................... 10 5.2.1 Intact ship, sea state Hs = 2.5 m ................................................................................... 10 5.2.2 Intact ship, wave case Hs = 4.0 m ................................................................................. 11 5.2.3 Intact ship, wave case Hs = 6.5 m ................................................................................. 12 5.3 Damage case 1. ................................................................................................................ 13 5.3.1 Damage case 1, sea state calm ...................................................................................... 13 5.3.2 Damage case 1, wave case Hs = 2.5 m .......................................................................... 15 5.3.3 Damage case 1, sea state Hs = 4.0 m ............................................................................ 16 5.3.4 Damage case 1, sea state Hs = 6.5 m ............................................................................ 17 5.4 Damage case 2. Results .................................................................................................... 18 5.4.1 Damage case 2, sea state calm ...................................................................................... 18 5.4.2 Damage case 2, sea state Hs = 2.5 m ............................................................................ 20 5.4.3 Damage case 2, sea state Hs = 4.0 m ............................................................................ 21 5.4.4 Damage case 2, sea state Hs = 6.5 m ............................................................................ 22 6 Conclusions .............................................................................................................................. 23 7 References ................................................................................................................................ 24 FLOODSTAND Impact of Ship Dynamics 3.10.2011 FP7-RTD-218532 in Flooding Simulation D3.2 Final Version 1.1 2 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The objective of the WP3 Task 3.2 was to study the impact of the sea state to the reliability of the system of flood sensors and simulation tools for predicting of ship motions. In order to account for the sea state in the flooding simulation a dynamic model of sea keeping simulations must be integrated with the flooding simulations. The LAIDYN code developed at the Aalto University for the sea keeping and manoeuvring simulations and the NAPA flooding simulation codes are applied to study the damaged ship motions and flooding at the calm sea and wave conditions. Case studies for a damaged passenger cruise ship design, a concept ship of 63.000 GT with length of 238 meters, were performed. Two different damage scenarios were simulated in irregular sea conditions. First damage scenario is a damage of two rooms on the side of the ship. In addition third room is flooded through a cross flooding duct. The breach size allows fast and asymmetric flooding which results in a pronounced transient roll motion. The second damage case is a raking damage over three compartments. Breach size is smaller and flooding is slower than in the first damage scenario. Ship design, in this damage case, was intentionally changed to have poorer transversal damage stability. In the second damage case the transient motions are not that important but the damage and divisions of the flooded rooms result in larger heel angle. The progression of the flooding was simulated in the calm water conditions using quasi-static simulation method. The roll motions were simulated by the dynamic simulation method, which could account for the transient ship motions due to flooding and the wave induced motions. Floodwater mass from the quasi-static simulation is applied to the dynamic simulation code. Dynamic ship motions both in the damage and intact case were then simulated in the presence of irregular beam seas. Exactly the same sets of irregular waves were applied to the intact and damaged cases. Comparison of the roll motion between the intact and damaged cases in the irregular waves shows that the damaged ship rolls largely around the heel angle predicted by the quasi-static simulation in the calm water. In the applied model the floodwater volumes are not affected by the ship motions and the floodwater free surface remains horizontal. Thus some important phenomena of the floodwater behaviour are omitted for the sake of simplicity. The dynamic behaviour of the floodwater depends on many factors like detailed geometry of the flooded room and its permeability. More detailed modelling requires specific information on the obstacles in the rooms which is often not even available. If the flooding is to be predicted with some sensor system the transient and wave induced motions should be filtered out from the sensor output. Simulations of ship motions with the described model of given amounts of floodwater clearly show that the average roll angle is of same magnitude than the quasi-static result in calm water. This gives a possibility to predict the overall flooding by using moving average over a time period longer than the ship natural roll period to smoothen the output. The dynamic simulation predicted roll angle processed by moving average, results in a quite close accordance with the quasi-static heel angle. Yet again the use of the floodwater volumes from the quasi-static simulation is a strong limitation of the applied dynamic simulation model and does not allow a real interaction of the ship and floodwater motions. The importance of this limitation should be studied further on. FLOODSTAND Impact of Ship Dynamics 3.10.2011 FP7-RTD-218532 in Flooding Simulation D3.2 Final Version 1.1 3 2 INTRODUCTION 2.1 Background The safety of large number of passengers that a modern passenger cruise vessel can accommodate is of utmost importance. In case of an accident resulting in the loss of watertight integrity of the ship and consequent flooding, the available options to ensure the safety of the passengers are the transportation of the ship to the port or evacuation. The feasibility of these options depends greatly on the residual stability of the ship after the damage. Onboard tools for fast assessment of


Objective To investigate the influence of T-tube location on sinus formation in dogs with choledochostomy and T-tube drainage.Methods The dogs with T-tube after choledochostomy were divided into the anterior abdominal wall group(n=8) and right anterior axillary line group(n=8).Choledochus diameter,greater omentum length and variation,and the frequency of stomach and transverse colon peristalsis were determined.T-tube sinus length and integrity were detected,respectively.The influence of different T-tube location and other factors on the pressurized affusion volume as the pressure parameter of the T-tube sinus solidity was analyzed.Results Choledochus diameter,greater omentum length,and the frequency of stomach and transverse colon peristalsis were not different obviously in the anterior abdominal wall group and right anterior axillary line group.Compared with right anterior axillary line group,the T-tube sinus length was significantly shortened and the pressurized affusion volume increased in anterior abdominal wall group(t=-4.96,2.67,P0.05).The T-tube sinus length was the most important factor which could interfere the pressurized affusion volume and had a negative correlation(r=-0.79,P0.05).Conclusions The change of T-tube sinus length caused by different location is one of the vital factors of the T-tube sinus formation.Shortest way is the important principle to lead out T-tube from abdominal cavity.


Abstract The insecticidal protein CryIAc accumulated to form inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli upon overexpression of the cloned gene. The solubilized inclusion bodies contained the δ-endotoxin in association with DNA fragments of about 25 kb. The protein–DNA complex could be dissociated and the δ-endotoxin purified by hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl–Sepharose. The DNA was washed out in the high-salt buffer while the δ-endotoxin was bound to the matrix and was eluted at 4°C by a stepwise decreasing potassium chloride gradient. The DNA–protein complex also contained plasmids harbored by the host strain. The plasmid DNA associated with the complex became competent to transform E. coli only after it was dissociated from the δ-endotoxin. The hydrophobic interaction chromatography provides an efficient method for the purification of DNA-free activated toxin.


my' is used to bridge or transcend these divisions, and this may well point the way forward towards a deeper understanding of these issues. After this emphasis on the working class, it should be stressed that middle-class values, outlooks and living standards also get very full treatment, with special emphasis on religion and voluntary institutions and their attempts to command the assent of the working class to the world-views of their 'betters'. This is such a big enterprise that any reviewer is bound to identify flaws. Most obviously, the construction of the 'bourgeois census population' from the 1851 census enumerators' books and various linked records is open to debate. The automatic inclusion of all 'accredited members of the medical and legal profession and of all clergymen', whether they kept servants or not, begs questions about the composition of the substantial middle class; and it also prompts thoughts about the identity and importance of the petit bourgeoisie, who have a fitful existence in this book. If the middle class had been divided horizontally in a different way, pursuing Neale's division between a secure middle class and a threatened 'middling' class, a different and perhaps a more stimulating agenda would have been set; but Neale, for some reason, gets short shrift from Koditschek. From an urban history perspective, too, some might have preferred a more systematic treatment of the urban ecology of Bradford, and the maps are less illuminating than they might be. It is odd to be told, repeatedly, that Richard Oastler and Vicar Scoresby' were somehow laying the foundations for the welfare state, and it is hard to see how Scoresby's acceptance of government grants for his parish schools might have compromised his Anglican principles. Koditschek generally conveys less conviction on religious issues than on others. But the recurrent and really off-putting problems are stylistic. Koditschek has a disastrous proclivity for the portentiously-presented mixed or inappropriate metaphor, and it is irritating to find Cambridge University Press accepting American idioms in style and spelling. The Americans are, in my experience, less accommodating to British writers. There is, in general, too much jargon, some of which impedes communication. In this respect, at least, this is not a worthy follow-up to Thompson. Overall, the positive virtues of this book overwhelmingly outweigh its defects. To use a favourite — and useful — formula from Koditschek, the former are systemic, the latter contingent. This book deserves sustained and careful reading, preferably in conjunction with the recent work by Neville Kirk and R.J. Morris which emerged too late to affect the elephantine gestation process of this pachydermatous contribution to a seemingly endless discussion. John K. Walton University of Lancaster


Fucophlorethol C, a phlorotannin, was isolated from the brown alga Colpomenia bullosa (Scyto-siphonaceae) as a novel lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitor. It was obtained as a free form from natural origin for the first time. The compound inhibited a soybean LOX to the same extent as the known inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid.


Objective: One of the most important goals of dental clinicians is to meet the esthetic expectations of the patients. Excessive gingival display upon smiling is defined as "gummy smiling" and this situation may be a problem for the patients. Orthognathic surgery performed in gummy smile cases resulting from jaw deformites eliminates this problem. However, these procedures are quite invasive and requires hospitalization of the patients. For these reasons, "lip repositioning procedure", which involves retraction of smile elevator muscles, may be an alternative in the treatment of some gummy smile cases. Materials and Methods: Gummy smile resulting from delayed tooth eruption and lip hyperactivity was diagnosed in a 22-year old female who applied to the ERU University, Dental Faculty, Periodontology Department with the complaint of excessive gingival display upon smiling. Lip repositioning procedure depending on the removal of a strip of mucosa from the maxillary buccal vestibule and suturing the lip mucosa to the mucogingival line was performed. Results: Clinical success was achieved. The patient complained about tension while talking or smiling, which lasted for one week. At the 1-year follow-up, it was observed that the results were maintained and patient was statisfied with her clinical appearance. Conclusions: Lip repositioning procedure performed in the true indication may be an alternative in the treatment of gummy smile.


A STUDY OF THE PERCEIVED BENEFITS OF MAINSTREAMING STUDENTS OF SPECIAL EDUCATION IN AN URBAN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL FEBRUARY 1991 JAYNE FLEMISTER-LEIGH, B.A., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS M. ED., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS ED. D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS Directed by: Professor Byrd Jones This study documents perceptions by seventeen students from special education self-contained classrooms in an urban junior high school who participated in some regular classes. Massachusetts and federal laws mandate placement in the least restrictive setting for all students in the expectation that "mainstreamed" students will feel better about themselves and gain more academically. Yet evidence suggests that few students are mainstreamed and that the benefits to students are not self-evident in most schools. The evidence presented in this dissertation came from two loosely structured interviews with seventeen students who were selected because they seemed to have had a reasonably successful experience in regular classroom placements in a school with a strong commitment to mainstreaming. As teenagers who were in a self-contained setting primarily because of behavioral issues, they could


Purpose
316 L stainless steel alloy is potentially the most used material in the selective laser melting (SLM) process because of its versatility and broad fields of applications (e.g. medical devices, tooling, automotive, etc.). That is why producing fully functional parts through optimal printing configuration is still a key issue to be addressed. This paper aims to present an entirely new framework for simultaneously reducing surface roughness (SR) while increasing the material processing rate in the SLM process of 316L stainless steel, keeping fundamental mechanical properties within their allowable range.

Design/methodology/approach
Considering the nonlinear relationship between the printing parameters and features analyzed in the entire experimental space, machine learning and statistical modeling methods were defined to describe the behavior of the selected variables in the as-built conditions. First, the Box–Behnken design was adopted and corresponding experimental planning was conducted to measure the required variables. Second, the relationship between the laser power, scanning speed, hatch distance, layer thickness and selected responses was modeled using empirical methods. Subsequently, three heuristic algorithms (nonsorting genetic algorithm, multi-objective particle swarm optimization and cross-entropy method) were used and compared to search for the Pareto solutions of the formulated multi-objective problem.

Findings
A minimum SR value of approximately 12.83 μm and a maximum material processing rate of 2.35 mm3/s were achieved. Finally, some verification experiments recommended by the decision-making system implemented strongly confirmed the reliability of the proposed optimization methodology by providing the ultimate part qualities and their mechanical properties nearly identical to those defined in the literature, with only approximately 10% of error at the maximum.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study dealing with an entirely different and more comprehensive approach for optimizing the 316 L SLM process, embedding it in a unique framework of mechanical and surface properties and material processing rate.


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Although interest in family education in rural areas has increased in recent years, most of the previous research adopted quantitative methods and only considered the perceptions of parents and children. In an attempt to offer a broader view of the issue, this paper considers the perspective of rural teachers. The paper aims to analyze the state of family education for left-behind children in rural areas of China and put forward strategies for improvement. Through in-depth online interviews with nine rural teachers, this study finds that there are four challenges to left-behind childrens family education: absence of education subjects, weak education consciousness, unskillful education methods, and misleading education guidance. Based on the analysis of the interview results, this paper puts forward some feasible strategies for improving family education from three aspects: government, school, and family. This study has instructive significance for solving the difficulties of family education for left-behind children.


Recently proposed quantization in field theory based on an analogue of Hamiltonian formulation which treats space and time on equal footing (the so-called De Donder-Weyl theory) is applied to General Relativity in metric variables. We


The structural changes in carbon nanotubes under electron emission conditions were investigated in situ in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The measurements were performed on individually mounted free-standing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). It was found that the structure of the carbon nanotubes did not change gradually, as is the case with field emission electron sources made of sharp metal tips. Instead, changes occurred only above a current level of a few microamperes, which was different for each nanotube. Above the threshold current, carbon nanotubes underwent either structural damage, such as shortening and splitting of the apex of the nanotube, or closing of their open cap. The results are discussed on the basis of several models for degradation mechanisms.


We have achieved spatially resolved photoluminescence (PL) from metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) grown GaAs surfaces by near‐field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM). We have performed the topography, reflection, and PL measurements by NSOM combined with the topography measurements by atomic force microscopy (AFM) on the as‐grown and (NH4)2S‐passivated GaAs samples. The uniformity of GaAs with a thin Al0.65Ga0.35As cap layer has also been studied and compared with the (NH4) 2S treated samples. We found the submicron scale variations in PL intensity which were not correlated to the topographic features. The PL intensity variation was related to the changes in the surface state density. Semiquantitative analyses of the resolution limits of NSOM‐based PL measurements and surface state variations are presented.