Abstract : Traumatic brain injury resulting from blast exposure is an increasingly common problem among Soldiers returning from combat deployment. In order to understand the extent of damage resulting from blast exposure, this study examined students and instructors at the United States Marine Corps Methods of Dynamic Entry School during a two week training period. The results of the study suggest that actigraphy and subjective sleep measures are sensitive to changes in sleep quality/quantity as well as daytime sleepiness over the training session. The extent to which these changes are associated with blast exposure rather than other factors related to the training period will be explored further in a large scale study of breacher crewmen.


Purpose

Although offender profiling has been cited as an effective tool to interview suspects, empirical profiling methods have completely excluded interviewing suggestions when testing the validity of this technique. The purpose of this paper is to explore the utility of empirically derived profiles of offender- and victim-related sexual assault case characteristics (n=624) in the preparation of the interrogation strategies in sexual assault investigations.

Design/methodology/approach

Latent class analysis was used to extract profiles of offender- and victim-related sexual assault case characteristics in a sample of 624 incarcerated sex offenders. Moreover, relationships between offender and victim profiles were conducted using χ2 analyses.

Findings

Findings show that specific offender-victim profiles are related to greater likelihood of confession during the interrogation. Possible interrogation strategies for each profile are suggested and implications for the practice of interviewing suspects are discussed.

Originality/value

The study is the first to examine both victim and offender profiles in order to assess the significant victim-offender profile combinations and their associated probabilities of resulting in confession.


Parasitic diseases are huge problem for human and veterinary medicine and for economy, agriculture and wildlife management. One of these diseases is fasciolosis, which is caused by two trematode species, Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) and Fasciola gigantica. Only F. hepatica is a concern in Europe and Americas but the distribution of both species overlaps in many areas of Africa and Asia (Mas-Coma et al., 2005). F. hepatica occurs mostly in cattle, sheep and wild ruminants. Recently, worldwide losses in animal productivity due to fasciolosis were estimated at over US$ 3.2 billion per annum (Spithill et al., 1999). The infection of humans has been regarded as accidental for many years. However, fasciolosis is now recognized as an emerging human disease: the World Health Organization (WHO, 2006) has estimated that 2.4 million people are infected with F. hepatica and a further 180 million are at risk of infection (Mas-Coma et al., 1999).


This work reports on the regulation of synthesis of the P700 chlorophyll-a apoprotein of photosystem I in barley. The mRNA for the P700 apoprotein is almost exclusively confined to the plastid membrane-bound polysomes. However, the mRNA for the 32-kDa herbicide-binding protein of photosystem II is found in both the soluble and membrane-bound polysomes. The mRNA for the P700 apoprotein is found in similar amounts in dark-grown and light-grown wild-type as well as mutant xantha-181 barley. The latter mutant is deficient in chlorophyll biosynthe sis. However, while wild-type leaves accumulate the P700 chlorophyll-a protein only in the light,


Co:TiO2 (cobalt-doped titanium dioxide) thin films have been deposited on the n-type Si (100) substrate at the temperatures range of 325°C 450°C using MOCVD (metal organic chemical vapor deposition) technique. We investigated the effect of growth temperature on the structural and morphological quality of Co:TiO2 thin films. The structure of Co:TiO2 thin films were characterized by XRD while the morphology and the thickness of films were characterized by SEM. The XRD results reveal that all films show the anatase structure and the dominant orientation of anatase phase depends on the growth temperature. The grain size of crystal increases as the growth temperature increases. We also reveal that the growth rate of Co:TiO2 film has a maximum value at the growth temperature of 400°C.


ABSTRACT Obesity, the disease of the twenty-first century, has a range of serious consequences to health. These are related in part to abnormal glucose levels, resulting in inflammatory and atherogenic response, hypertension and abnormal lipid profile. This increases the risk of cardiovascular disease significantly besides developing diabetes later. Hyperglycaemia is diagnosed with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance or elevated glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP) guidelines for diagnosis using oral glucose tolerance test (or HbA1c) recognise the importance of extending diagnosis beyond simply identifying diabetes. This is relevant in view of the risk of composite cardiovascular events, coronary heart disease, stroke, and all-cause mortality associated with abnormal blood glucose. Since the pilot population mirrors this morbidity, the aviation regulator has an obligation to consider the impact in terms of aviation safety. Furthermore, although primary care literature predominantly focusses on the importance of diagnosing diabetes, from a regulator's perspective there are incapacitation risks originating outside that narrow diagnosis. They arise once the control of glucose has begun to deteriorate. This article considers the regulatory importance of pilots and controllers who present with hyperglycaemia, or what is sometimes termed "prediabetes". This includes the evidence for the risk assessment to help minimise the likelihood of an adverse event due to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among those holding aviation medical certificates, in turn promoting aviation safety.


Objective To study radiological features on brain images of 99Tcm-ECD SPECT after parent artery embolization in intracranial aneurysm,and to evaluate its practical value on detecting regional cerebral blood flow changes after operation. Methods 23 patients and 10 controls were examined by 99Tcm-ECD SPECT. Results The cerebral blood flow perfusion images of 10 controls showed homogenous radionuclide distribution in brain, symmetrically on both sides. Cerebral cortex was integrated without focal loose or dense area, 16 patients showed normal images with homogenous radionuclide distribution in brain. 4 cases showed low radionuclide concentration on one side. 1 patient showed low radionuclide concentration in the left basal gangalia. 2 patients showed emptiness of radionuclide of mesiad temporal lobe, the sensitevity, specificity and accuracy of 99Tcm-ECD SPECT are all 100 percent for indicating cerebral ischemia. Conclusions 99Tcm-ECD SPECT brain image plays an important role in detecting regional cerebral blood flow changes after parent artery embolization in intracranial aneurysm.


NASA's Microgravity Science and Applications (MSAD) Program is presented. Additionally, the types of information produced wiithin the program and the anticipated growth in information system requirements as the program transitions to Space Station Freedom utilization are discussed. Plans for payload operations support in the Freedom era are addressed, as well as current activities to define research community requirements for data and sample archives.


The invention discloses a method for reducing the friction coefficient of polyetherimide by adding bi-component fillers, and belongs to the technical field of thermoplastic plastic. According to the method, the bi-component fillers teflon and graphite are added into a polyetherimide matrix, wherein in the mixture of teflon, graphite and the polyetherimide matrix, the mass percent of teflon is 5-25%, and the mass percent of graphite is 5-25%; teflon, graphite and the polyetherimide matrix are mixed with a high-speed stirrer till uniform distribution is achieved; the mixture is blended with a three-screw extruder after being dried, and a polyetherimide blend with the friction coefficient ranging from 0.18 to 0.31 is obtained. The method has the advantages that both teflon and graphite have a good lubricating effect, the proportion is optimized by adjusting the contents of the two fillers, the three-screw processing mode is adopted, when the mass percent of teflon is 15% and the mass percent of graphite is 10%, the friction coefficient of the polyetherimide blend is obviously reduced to 0.18 from 0.30 obtained when only graphite is added, and unexpected technical effects not recorded in the prior art are achieved.


This article describes what staff-supervision roles are appropriate for physicians and offers advice about how a doctor can coach and guide employees to do their jobs more effectively even if the doctor isn't the employees' official supervisor.


A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of the Addis Ababa University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Economics (Resource and Environmental Economics)


To the editor:

Landgren et al[1][1] have reported the final results of a pivotal population-based case-control study including more than 11 000 patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and almost 25 000 first-degree relatives. The authors identified a 5- to 7-fold higher risk of MPN


This descriptive study investigated the differences among statements made by blacks and whites in informal peer group discussions. The study examined the verbal behavior of eight groups, blocked on race and sex, in informal discussions of inter‐racial dating. Verbal behavior was rated on the amount of orientation, unopinionatedness, agreement, profanity, humor, abstraction, and multi‐valued orientation reflected in randomly selected statements. Significant differences were found on six of the seven variables.


Network system capable of authenticating multiple different users to multiple different service providers (801) comprising: an authentication server (100, 713) configured to store (i) a supplier identifier for each of the multiple providers different services in partnership with policy requirements for authentication providers applicable service provider and (ii) a user identifier for each of the multiple different users in association with the validation information for the user application; a first device usable by a first of the multiple different users, and configured to (901) transmitting a request to a first input of the multiple different service providers via the network; a network server associated with a first service provider (103) and configured to transmit, to the authentication server through the network, (i) a request for a random number and (ii) other information, where the server authentication is configured to (903) transmitting a random number to the network server via the network in response to the request transmitted random number, wherein the network server is further configured to transmit the random number transmitted to the first device via network in response to the request transmitted input; a second device (400) manageable by the first user, and configured (i) to receive an input that transfers the another random number from the first device, and (ii) to further transmit the random number input and an application of the first user to be authenticated in the authentication server through the network; wherein the authentication server is further configured to (905) transmitting, after transmission by the second device of the random number and the authentication request, the identifier of the first storage provider and policy requirements authentication first stored vendor and transmitting other information transmitted to the second device via the network; wherein the second device is configured (907) also for transmitting, in response to the requirements of authentication policy of the first provider, an identifier of the first user (Qid) and information validation user input to the authentication server through the net; where the authentication server is further configured to associate the identifier of the first user transmitted with the identifier of the first stored user to determine that the validation information transmitted corresponds to the requirements of policy authentication premier provider of storage services and to compare validation information transmitted with the validation information stored in association with the identifier of the first user to authenticate the first user; wherein the second device is further configured to transmit a message, including the transferred random number and other information transmitted signed with a credential from the first user, the authentication server via the network; and where the authentication server is further configured to (908) transmitting a warning the first user authentication and also to transmit the signed message received to the network server via the network.


In order to synthesize adaptive control systems over asynchronous electric drive that includes a motor with defects or degradation, we proposed a structure and developed an algorithm for training a PID-neurocontroller based on a multilayer feedforward neural network. Such an approach makes it possible to operatively respond to a change in the characteristics of control object that occurs as a result of the emergence and development of damage and degradation of the motor. This, in turn, makes it possible to improve controllability of the motor, and, consequently, to prolong its operation life cycle and to enhance the energy efficiency of its operation. The proposed solutions, in contrast to the traditional, do not require the use of additional equipment for implementation. It is only needed to change a control program for the frequency converter based on the constructed algorithm. To implement the proposed solutions in practice, we synthesized an algorithm for training a neural network of the PID-neurocontroller with self-tuning. It enables the calculation of weights of the neurons that could be in the future used as the basis of software for a physical control system with the PID-neurocontroller. We mathematically modeled the operation of IM with breaks of the rotor bars and the short-circuited turns in the stator windings when using the proposed controller. An analysis of modeling results showed that the proposed approach to control the electric drive with a damaged IM makes it possible to decrease the amplitude and the number of non-basic harmonics of current and power signals of IM while maintaining the preset parameters of the technological process. Thus, our paper demonstrates the effectiveness of applying the proposed approach to the tasks on maintaining the predefined parameters of the technological process for the case of a stochastic change in the characteristics of control object


To the Editor: Preparation and characterization of new monoclonal antibodies provide new reagents for antigenic and structure-function studies of cell-surface differentiation antigens, as well as supplementary reagents for immunological phenotyping (1). Although the surface antigens on peripheral blood myeloid cells and their bone marrow progenitors have been extensively investigated, the cellular and molecular events underlying differentiation of these cells are still largely unknown (1, 2). S7811 is a human hematopoietic cell line derived from the peripheral blood cells of a patient with acute myeloid leukemia-M4 subtype (AML-M4 FAB classification). These cells display the morphological and cytochemical features of immature myelomonocytic cells (3). As described in this report, we have developed a murine IgGl monoclonal antibody that identifies an antigen, C3H6, expressed by approximately 70% of S7811 used as immunogen. In indirect immunofluorescence analysis, C3H6 was not expressed by various normal peripheral blood cells (T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes and pletelets) and 4-month fetal tissues (thymus, liver and spleen). It was also demonstrated that anti-C3H6 antibody bound to approximately 6% of normal bone marrow cells. Among a series of malignant cells from 30 patients with acute leukemia (including 24 with AML and 6 with acute lymphoblastoid leukemia, ALL), C3H6 expression was only detected on the cells from AML, and was not found on the cells from ALL (Table 1). Apart from S7811, the majority of K562 also exhibited C3H6 in high antigen density. About 15-20% of U937 and Raji expressed C3H6 in low antigen density. HL60 and Molt-4 were C3H6negative (Table 1). It seems important to evaluate ifC3H6 expression relates to the cellular differentiation of leukemic cells. For this purpose, we observed the changes of C3H6 expression during the maturation differentiation induced by chemical inducers. U937 is a cell line derived from the tissues of a patient with true histiocytic lymphoma and these cells display the properties of immature monocytoid cells (4). Exposure of U937 to cytosine arabinoside (Ara-c, 10'' mol/l) for 3 to 6 days produced the morphological and cytochemical features of mature monocyte-macrophage differentiation with a loss of proliferation activity, including the increased non-specific esterase (NSE) activity (data not shown) described by Chomienne and his colleagues (5). These induced cells bearing C3H6 declined to 0% according to indirect immunofluorescence analysis. Similarly, exposure of K562 to hemin (0.2 mol/l) for 7 d resulted in a significant reduction in C3H6 expression, in which < 10% of the population expressed the antigen. It is considered that K562 cells represent very immature myeloid cells (6). As originally described by Rutherford and colleagues (7), these cells differentiate to erythroblasts in response to hemin. Our results clearly demonstrate that C3H6 is lost during the maturation process. To determine the molecular weight characteristics of C3H6, the extracts from the membrane of S78 11, K562 and U937 were subjected to Western blotting. The results revealed a single 57 Kd band under both reducing and non-reducing conditions. It is similar to the antigen of CD14 group (p55 Kd) in molecular weight (2). Presumably, C3H6 may differ from


The design, development, and verification of a new test facility to measure the thermal conductance of dissimilar metals are described. The design permits a reversal of the heat flow direction without removing the samples or disturbing the contact. Experimental thermal conductance data were obtained for aluminum/stainless steel interfaces for apparent contact pressures from 68.9 x 10 to the 3rd N/sq m to 1.33 x 10 to the 6th N/sq m, with mean junction temperatures up to 195 C for a selected range of surface conditions. Data are presented which indicate thermal rectification effects at higher apparent contact pressures. The results of this investigation will be useful in the analysis of energy transfer problems involving dissimilar metal junctions.


Arabs are the second most important minority of foreign origin in present-day Indonesia. Like the more numerous Chinese, they play an important role in the economic life of the country, as entrepreneurs, traders, shopkeepers, or money-lenders and, like the Chinese, they, too, are a clearly differentiable ethnic group. Prejudices that exist toward the Arabs correspond, to a certain degree, with those toward the Chinese. Both groups, for instance, are accused of engaging in dishonest competition, usurious practices, forming protective trade associations, bribery, and giving preference to members of their own group. Yet open hostility is seldom if ever displayed toward Arabs. The reason for this lack of animosity can be found in the smallness of the Arab community and in their national and religious identity. Numbering no more than a fraction of the Chinese population in Indonesia,1 Arabs today feel themselves to be Indonesians, in spite of all the social and cultural differences. In contrast to the Chinese, nearly all Arabs became Indonesian citizens when Indonesia gained its independence, and are generally accepted in their social environment as fellow countrymen or compatriots. This acceptance stems in part from the Arabs' religion, Islam, which is the same as that of the larger part of the Indonesian population.2 In religious matters Arabs generally enjoy much esteem. They come from the Arabian peninsula, the cradle of Islam, and had an important part in the spread and refinement of Islam in Indonesia. Their religious status neutralizes to some extent their economically unequal position. Their acceptance is also apparent from the many positions they hold in political and administrative areas. In 1992 there were three cabinet members of Arab origin and not a single one of Chinese descent.


characteristic group of congenital anomalies were de scnibed by Larsen and co-workers: anterior dislocation of the knee, dislocations of the elbows and hips, and equino varus deformities of the feet. They also noted abnon malities in the hands: long cylindrical fingers and short ened metacarpals; and in the face: wide-spaced eyes, prominent forehead, and depressed nasal bridge. Three of their patients also had deformities of the palate, and two had abnormalities of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae. Another report 6 of three siblings with Larsen's syn drome revealed that one had a significant thoracolumbar scoliosis which subsequently required fusion, and all three had abnormal segmentation of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae, but those deformities were not considered clini cally significant. Threechildrenmanifestingthe characteristicabnor malities of Larsen's syndrome were recently treated at our hospital for abnormalities of segmentation of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae. In two of these children this ab


The search for endogenous inducing sleep substances has been a research focus of many scientific research institutions. Recent studies suggest that the occurrence of sleep-wake is closely related to the specific structure of the central nervous system and the role of different transmitters (also known as endogenous substances). These endogenous substances have their own safety and efficacy characteristics as medicines, health food ingredients, and the like. This article briefly describes the correlation, mechanism, chemical structure and composition of these endogenous substances with sedation and hypnosis and related applications and development prospects. Progress in the study on endogenous substances related sedative-hypnotic and arousal was reviewed.


Introduce the theory, definition, process character ,the manufacturing character of components of the shearer manufacturing especially in the necessary, the feasible and the good fabricate economic benefits of shearer manufacturing from some aspects.Finally it tells something about the autions and continuous improvements needed of high speed machining in the market by sheare manufacturing.


This semiannual report – produced by the Office of the Chief Economist for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) of the World Bank – analyzes the economic and financial performance of LAC in light of the commodity price cycle. Chapter 1 covers short-term prospects, identifies the external factors affecting the economic slowdown, and focuses on the policy challenges faced by the region (South America in particular) in terms of the monetary, fiscal, external and social adjustments required to accommodate the new external environment. Chapter 2 reviews the region's experience during the commodity cycle, links it with the external environment, and identifies low saving as a key determinant of both the macroeconomic performance during the cycle and the constrained policy space policy makers now face, in some countries more than others. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the policy choices the region now faces, both for the immediate future and for the longer run.


One of the particular characteristics of the interdisciplinary law and literature movement, which sets it apart from the large number of law and literature movements that proliferated during the sixties and seventies in the American academy that saw it born, is the migration of concern in examining the intersections and limitations between the two, from a legal starting point to the field of literary studies called Literature and Human Rights . This paper proposes to examine such migration in the context of the North American tradition, and to analyze the the forms that it assumes and its critical potentialities.


The aim of this paper is to elaborate an in-silico test of advanced intelligent control and optimization algorithms based on the concepts of multicriteria decision for productive bioprocesses in the medical biotechnologies domain. In the framework of this study it has been designed an intelligent control system based on fuzzy logic. The design of the fuzzy control system arises from the human expert knowledge organization necessity. In terms of multicriteria optimization strategy this paper presents a study in order to determine the optimal operating region for the production of an immunomodulator. The objective criteria include the production maximization in relation with the total bioprocess length and the oxygen transfer. The simulation results indicate that the fuzzy control system is able to evaluate the substrate amount necessary for cell growth according to biomass evolution. Moreover, the software application used for multicriteria optimization was able to determine an optimal domain for operating region. Hence, the final results show that the management of bioprocess final duration and oxygen transfer increases the cellular growth rate and (global) productivity.


Abstract:The essay examines the potential for character change in the context of crisis that takes place in a facilitating environment as revealed in Ingmar Bergman's Wild Strawberrries, offering a model for understanding the dynamic ingredients of personality change during crisis both in a work of art and in its creator. The essay explores how the film represents Bergman's effort to master and resolve conflict with his parents, particularly with his rigid and controlling father, which was especially intense at the time he made this film. Years later, as he reviewed the film in the context of a new crisis, he was able to recognize the attempt at resolution though he had not been aware of it at the time he made the film.


Most if not all current predictions of the evolution of ice-streams to changes induced by global change assume static basal conditions. This is a result of current restrictions in the remote sensing of the ice-sheet basal physical environment, which cannot resolve the small-scale phenomena believed to control the basal traction. The search therefore is on for observable structures or features that are the result of the operation of basal processes. Any successful theory of ice-sheet basal processes would need to be able to explain such phenomena associated with or caused by special properties of the basal environment. We present one class of these phenomena, and also present tentative hypotheses as to their formation.


Under a new policy adopted in September 2008, Citizenship and Immigration (CIC) officers must now consider all evidence presented by an immigration applicant before making a decision of inadmissibility due to excessive demand on social services. Evidence regarding both ability and intent to mitigate the cost of social services in Canada must be considered, if presented.


Archaeological studies of temporal changes in human predation strategy using foraging theory tend to focus on the role of overexploitation of important prey resources and resulting resource depression. An alternative use of the prey-choice model framed under foraging theory is to investigate the influence of environmental changes, such as increases in climate stress, on prey availability. Environmental change can be expected to produce many of the same effects on human predation strategy as resource depression. Here analytical techniques typically used to study the effects of over-predation and resource depression caused by humans are used to monitor their response to fluctuations in prey availability related to climate change during the Holocene in Missouri. Data and interpretations presented here add to the growing body of zooarchaeological foraging theory literature implicating environmental change as a critical factor in human diet.


Adsorption isotherms of hydrogen isotopes from molecular simulations in carbon nanotubes and interstices are presented. The adsorption of pure isotopes follows Henry's law up to moderate coverages. A modified path integral grand canonical Monte Carlo (PI-GCMC) technique for mixture adsorption is presented and applied to adsorption of isotope mixtures in carbon nanotubes. Adsorption isotherms of H2–T2 mixtures in nanotubes and interstices are determined at 20 and 77 K. Selectivities for T2 over H2 are calculated over a range of pressures. Selectivity in the nanotubes and interstices increases with pressure until the nanotube is saturated. Comparison of simulation results with predictions based on ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) shows good agreement up to moderate loadings. At higher loadings, selectivities determined from multicomponent simulations remain roughly constant, whereas IAST predicts continued increase in selectivities. Isotherms for H2–D2 and the selectivities of D2 over H2 are determined...


High profile medical news stories have revealed the need for continuous monitoring of outcome data [1]. CUmulative SUMmation (CUSUM) charts were first described in 1954 [2] as a method of continuous monitoring and have been extensively used in industry for quality control purposes. The Shipman report suggested the use of CUSUM charts for prospective surveillance of mortality data at the general practice and the individual general practitioner level to enable early detection of substandard care [1]. Considering that vascular surgery is associated with one of the highest peri-operative mortality rates of any surgical speciality, monitoring of outcome is important. We have used CUSUM charts to monitor the mortality in our unit for over 1000 consecutive arterial operations.


Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains a debilitating, poor prognosis disease requiring a patient-centered approach. Objectives: To explore the pulmonologist's perspective on physician-patient communication. Methods: A faculty of psychologists and pulmonologists organized a training course consisting of two workshops 12 months apart. Self-assessment questionnaires (pre- and post-course), role play (RP) simulations (during both workshops) and clinical consultation observations followed by semi-structured interviews (during the 12 months) were employed to evaluate the pulmonologists' knowledge of patient-centered medicine and communication/relational skills (questionnaires), their communication style (RP) and possible communication/relational difficulties (semi-structured interviews). Results: Twenty-three pulmonologists attended the first workshop and 14 the second one; 10 attended both. The questionnaires revealed the interest in patient-centered medicine and communication but also the need for deeper knowledge and improved skills. From the RP sessions performed during the first workshop, a disease-oriented approach emerged; notably, after the training, some improvements suggested a more patient-centered approach, e.g., a more frequent exploration of the patient agenda. Finally, the semi-structured interviews allowed to identify the low patients' cultural level and the poor general knowledge of IPF among the barriers hampering an effective communication with the clinician, who, however, is responsible for overcoming these obstacles. Conclusions: Despite the overall disease-prone approach to IPF patients, there was room for improvement through adequate training, which, in practice, may ameliorate communication and drive towards patient-centeredness. Exploring the pulmonologists' needs may help tailoring training interventions. Raising awareness on these topics is crucial to ensure IPF patients optimal care.


the article problem of definition of methodological approaches adequate to modern realities to terror research is considered. It is offered to make a start from the existential bases of a phenomenon and to investigate its discursive nature by means of multi-parametric discourse-analysis models.


In this paper, we introduce a Korean large vocabulary speech recognition system which can recognize sentence utterances with vocabulary size of 1160 words, and be used for automatic telephone number query service. This system consists of four sub-systems. The first one is an acoustic processor recognizing words in an input sentence by Hidden Markov Mode(HMM) based speech recognition algorithm. The second one is a linguistic processor which estimates input sentence from the result of the acoustic processor and determines next words after a word by using the syntactic information. The third one is a time reduction processor reducing recognition time by limiting the number of candidate words to be computed in the acoustic processor. The time reduction processor uses linguistic information and acoustic information contained in an input sentence. The last one is a speaker adaptation processor which adapts parameters of the speech recognition system to new speakers as soon as possible. The last subsystem uses VQ adaptation and HMM parameter adaptation based on the spectral mapping. We also present out recent works to improve the performance of the large vocabulary speech recognition system. These works are focused on the enhancement of the acoustic processor and the time reduction processor for speaker-independent speech recognition. New approach for the speaker adaptation is also described.


T Ford Foundation's Comprehensive School Improvement Program (CSIP) of the 1960's was one of the largest, if not the largest, privately supported effort to improve education in the public schools of the United States. Under the CSIP the Foundation granted a total of $30 million to 25 projects in suburban, rural, and urban public school systems throughout the country. An independent assessment of CSIP commissioned by the Foundation to a small study team directed by Paul Nachtigal of Colorado is reported in "A Foundation Goes to School." Conceptualized in the late 1950's the program was designed initially to introduce teaching and curricular innovations by establishing "lighthouse" programs in "select" school districts. By the mid-1960's CSIP funding shifted toward schools with large concentrations of low income minority and other disadvantaged students and on financially poor school districts (although parallel Foundation programs did support urban compensatory education projects early in the decade). In general, the report is critical of the outcomes of the program. In many instances the innovations that had been implemented were no longer in use. But as Edward E. Meade, Jr., officer in charge of public education at the Foundation, comments in the Foreword: "1960 was a time when nearly everyone thought that with more money, more buildings, and more teachers, our nation's schools could, indeed, make a few adjustments and changes to produce a better society." Although the projects individually do not now shine brightly, CSIP programatically did provide a beacon that was highly influential in showing the way to current alternatives for improving educational programs. In this sense, current R & D in education owes much to CSIP. The ten "lessons" drawn from CSIP are reprinted here from the report with permission of the Ford Foundation.


The requirements of several aviation bus protocols and its simulation testing are analyzed.Based on the universal process of the ICD configuration file,a generic template which is able to automatically generate test interface function is designed and developed.The general-purpose processing function library is developed for each bus protocol,and each ICD configuration file corresponds to a data frame of one bus protocol.The simulation test software can encapsulate,send,collect and process bus data by the generic bus interface functions, and edit or modify the configuration file through the user interface of the software.With changing the testing requirements or ICD bus protocol,the configuration file is changed only,a new simulation test interface is automatically generated,which enhances the adaptability and versatility of the software.


ABSTRACT In the context of a political imperative to reorganise the Portuguese higher education system, a deep knowledge of student choice decision-making processes when applying to higher education is needed. Following a 'combined model' of student choice, which emphasises economic and social factors, this paper aims to answer two main related questions: (i) what are the determinants of student choice consistency? (ii) Does choice consistency affect the admission of students to their top preference? Both are analysed within a multinomial logit framework. The results indicate that males, older students and better performing students are more likely to be consistent in their choices in the various forms it may assume. Students with inconsistent choice sets are more likely to be accepted; nevertheless, they are more likely to get a place in a second-best alternative.


Objective: This study proposes the application of Ecological Interface Design(EID) method that is effective for situation awareness in digitalized environment. Background: While cognitive interface design method such as Information Rich Display(IRD) is simply focused on existing information for user, EID method helps users" resource to be solved to higher abstraction task such as diagnostic and problem solving. Method: Using EID method based on Work Domain Analysis(WDA), it was analyzed and designed for Steam Generator(SG) Water Level control process in a digitalized Main Control Room of Nuclear Power Plant. Proposed EID example is evaluated through interviews by expert & operator. Results: The result of expert & operator showed that EID display might give an aid for operator"s decision. Conclusion: The results can reduce critical accidental damage that occurred due to cognitive load and so critical human error. Application: This study may be impact on situation awareness study for digitalized interface design.


Some researchers suggest that two-thirds of the world's plant species have medicinal value; in particular, many medicinal plants have very rich contents of chemicals. Nardostachys jatamansi (Family Valerianaceae) is a perennial herb found in Alpine Himalayas. N. jatamansi is used for long period in various chronic diseases therapeutically. Aim of the current review is to search literature for the pharmacological properties, safety/toxicity studies, pharmacognostic studies and phytochemical investigation of N. jatamansi . The compiled data may be helpful for the researchers to focus on the priority areas of research yet to be discovered. Complete information about the plant has been collected from various books, journals etc. Journals of the last 20 years were searched. Particulars of pharmacological activities, phytochemical isolation, toxicity studies etc. were extracted from the published reports focusing on the safety profile of the plant. Safety of the whole plant is concluded in the review.


Under a previous GRI supported project, LBL designed and built a downhole fluid sampler for use in geopressured gas wells. This report describes engineering tests performed on the sampler, and the design and fabrication of auxiliary tools needed to use the sampler effectively. The fluid inside the sampler exchanges with anbient fluid in a few minutes; therefore, fluid exchange rate is no problem. The sample extraction system allows brine to air. Wellhead samples of gas condensate, oil, and brine from geopressured gas wells were analyzed. The condensates are derived from oil dispersed in the reservoir rock. The unusual aromatic condensates represent the relatively water soluble fraction of the oil. The paraffinic condensates represent production of oil by solution in dense, high pressure gas downhole. Geopressured brines contain carboxylic acid anions, which cause them to have B.O.D. These anions may be chemical precursors to the gas dissolved in the brine. 13 references, 15 figures, 2 tables.


In recent years, gravimeter surveys have been extended over large areas, including many which also have been covered by the magnetometer. Maps of these surveys show many large and more or less coincident anomalies, presumably indicating magnetic and density contrasts within the igneous basement having common boundaries. Therefore, if is of interest to attempt to determine by independent means the association of magnetic and density contrasts and to see whether the magnitudes of the coinciding gravity and magnetic anomalies are reasonable expressions of two different geophysical aspects of the same body of igneous rock.


Shi Zhe Cun's collection Essays of 20 Masters in the Late Ming Dynasty is much influenced by
Zhou Zuo Ren who highly advocated the essays in the Ming Dynasty. The collection is characterized by
humour, personality and the literatury view of initiating spirit and opposing to the past. Mr. Shi admires
Wang Si Ren 's personality and speaks highly of Zhang Dai's art style in his essays. Mr. Shi and Zhang
Dai have similar characters in expressing Peron's peculiar quality and absorbing poetic emotion. Howev-
er, Mr Shi's essays are permeated with psychological analysis. which are more delicate and euphemistic.


This paper examines some hypotheses with respect to the interregional wage variations in Indian manufacturing from 1950 to 1960. The choice of this period was determined by the availability of relevant data. It was found in an earlier study that the regional wage structure tended to be flexible during the period under consideration. In this paper, an attempt has been made to explain the inter‐regional wage differentials by analysing the data on trade unionism, per capita income, productivity, capital intensity, non‐primary employment and consumer prices. It is argued that the level of regional wage differentials can be explained by relative differentials in productivity and in trade unionism, but the change in wage differentials depends upon the changing capital intensity in respective regions.


Ethanolamine, which is a derivative of ethylene oxide, is not only a major material in organic chemicals but is also the most valued product among amino alcohols. However, ethanolamine might catch fire automatically when mixed with peroxide or nitrocellulose due to its thermal instability and high sensitivity to thermal sources. Runaway reactions because of ethanolamine will lead to severe damage to equipment, people, the environment, and create a social impact. Therefore, it is necessary to provide thermal safety information regarding the decomposed mechanism and thermal hazard characteristics by using thermal analysis technology. As a green approach, our aim was to determine thermal safety parameters, such as apparent exothermic onset temperature, maximum temperature, heat of decomposition, self-heating rate, pressure rise rate, maximum pressure, by differential scanning calorimetry. The results can be used to calculate the optimal parameters for processing a safer design and establish the database of ethanolamine for proactive loss prevention protocol.


: This paper presents a ray-casting-based three-dimensional (3D) positioning system that interactively reconstructs scene structures for handheld augmented reality. The proposed system employs visual simultaneous localization and mapping (vSLAM) technology to acquire camera poses of a smartphone and sparse 3D feature points in an unknown scene. First, users specify a geometric shape region, such as a plane, in captured images while capturing a scene. This is performed by manually selecting some of the feature points generated by vSLAM in the region. Next, the system computes the shape parameter with the selected feature points so that the scene structure is reconstructed densely. Subsequently, users select the pixel of a target point in the scene at one camera view for 3D positioning. Finally, the system computes the intersection between the 3D ray computed with the selected pixel and the reconstructed scene structure to determine the 3D coordinates of the target point. Owing to the proposed interactive reconstruction, the scene structure can be estimated accurately and stably; therefore, 3D positioning will be accurate. Because the geometric shape used for the scene structure is a plane in this study, our system is referred to as PlanAR. In the evaluation, the performance of our system is compared statistically with an existing 3D positioning system to demonstrate the accuracy and stability of our system.


Adipose tissue expresses all the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components that play an important role in the adipogenesis, lipid and glucose metabolism regulation in an auto/paracrine manner. The classical RAS has been found to be over-activated during the adipose tissue enlargement, thus elevated Generation of Angiotensin II (Ang II) may contribute to the obesity pathogenesis. Obesity rates continue to increase worldwide. The question arises whether obesity is truly perceived as a risk factor and a disease. Then, the association between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene I/D polymorphism and the risk of overweight/obesity remains controversial. We investigated the possible relationship between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and obesity in Tunisian type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. In this study, obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) value ≥ 25 kg/m2 and subjects were classified into 4 groups (lean, normal, overweight, and obese). ACE genotyping was determined by PCR. Finding of 47.9% of hypertensives among the subjects having DD genotype and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 is consistent with an additive effect of DD genotype and obesity. In conclusion, the present study implies that genotyping of the ACE gene I/D polymorphism could in the future become an important part of the clinical process of risk identification for T2DM in Tunisian population.


The total mass, the Witten type gauge conditions and the spectral properties of the Sen--Witten and the 3-surface twistor operators in closed universes are investigated. A non-negative expression, built from the norm of the 3-surface twistor operator and the energy-momentum tensor of the matter fields on a spacelike hypersurface, is found which, in the asymptotically flat/hyperboloidal case, provides a lower bound for the ADM/Bondi--Sachs mass. In closed universes the analogous expression coincides with the first eigenvalue of the Sen--Witten operator, and it is vanishing if and only if the closed data set is in a flat spacetime with spatial topology $S^1\times S^1\times S^1$. Moreover, its vanishing is equivalent to the existence of non-trivial solutions of Witten's gauge condition. Thus, it provides a positive definite measure of the strength of the gravitational field (with physical dimension mass) on closed hypersurfaces, i.e. some sort of the total mass of closed universes. Its monotonicity properties are discussed through the examples of closed Bianchi I and IX cosmological spacetimes. A spectral characterization of these cosmological spacetimes is also given.


The flue gas desulfurization capability of ethylenediami ne /phosphoric acid solution in packing tower was studied.The desulfurization effic iency of absorbing solution was investigated under different ratio of liquid to gas,temperature,pH,concentration and the content of sulfur dioxide.Experimental results indicated that the appropriate operational conditions were ratio of liqu id to gas L/G=06-10,concentration of ethylenediamine 03 mol/L,pH=60 -75,absorption temperature 40-60 ℃ and SO2 mass concentration of inlet abs orbent 6-8 g/L.


* I am indebted to John B. Lansing, Joe S. Bain, Thomas Saving and especially to Shorey Peterson for constructive comments on several points in this paper. Generous research assistance has been provided by the Institute of Public Administration at the University of Michigan. Reviews of these studies include: Cost Behavior and Price Policy, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1943; C. A. Smith, "Survey of the Empirical Evidence on Economies of Scale," in George J. Stigler, ed., Business Concentration and Price Policy, National Bureau of Economic Research, Princeton University Press, 1955; and J. Johnston, Statistical Cost Analysis, McGraw-Hill, 1960.


We discuss recent improvements of Metal RubberTM materials formed by electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) processing. Free-standing and mechanically robust sheets of Metal RubberTM have been synthesized with electrical conductivities approximately one order of magnitude lower than those of bulk noble metals and with moduli from 1 to 100 MPa.


The growth curve was drown according to the data from the experiment c onducted by using bacterium AT separated from the sludge of the workshop of a p esticide factory. The generation time and the rate of growth were 3.87d and 0.258d -1 respectively in logarithmic period by calculation. Another experi ment w ith different concentrations of pollutant atrazine indicated that the reaction a ccord with the model 1 of dynamics and the curve is belonging to the first phase curve of Michaelis equation when the concentrations of pollutant atrazine were lower. And the linear equation is V =0.064 S (where V is rate of degradatio n, S means concentration of pollutant atrazine).


OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) affect the implantation rate of patients undergoing IVF-ET.

DESIGN
Follicular fluid and serum were obtained on the day of hCG administration, the day of oocyte retrieval, and the day of embryo transfer.

SETTING
Cellular immunology laboratory in a research institute, a high technology IVF unit in a medical center, and a university hospital.

PATIENT(S)
Thirty-three women who were undergoing IVF-ET.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)
IL-1beta and IL-1alpha were measured by specific ELISA and their levels were correlated with the implantation rate.

RESULT(S)
Classification of IVF-ET patients according to their implantation rate revealed significantly higher amounts of follicular fluid IL-1beta in the implantation versus nonimplantation cycles (68.5+/-24.6 pg/mL versus 20.5+/-13.4 pg/mL); The difference between the level of IL-1alpha in the two groups was not statistically significant(11.6+/-5.1 pg/mL versus 7.3+/-1.9 pg/mL). In parallel, systemic FSH/hMG-dependent IL-1beta and IL-1alpha production was observed in implantation cycles but not in nonimplantation cycles. Statistically significant IL-1beta and IL-1alpha production was observed after administration of hCG.

CONCLUSION(S)
Gonadotropins used during IVF-ET induce local and systemic production of IL-1beta and IL-1alpha. In addition, the implantation rate for IVF-ET patients who have detectable serum concentrations of IL-1beta and IL-1beta on the day of hCG administration could be higher than the rate for IVF-ET patients who do not have detectable concentrations of these cytokines.


HIV-related parotid lymphoepithelial cyst with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a rare disease,pathological examination and immunohistochemistry can confirm the diagnosis,surgery combined with chemotherapy can achieve satisfactory results.This paper reported a case of bilateral parotid and axillary fossa HIV-related tumors and reviewed the clinical and pathological features.


Using biogas instead of fossil fuels decreases pollutants such as solid particles, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides concentrations in the environment. Green energy and development of relevant infrastructure improves air quality considerably. Chemical, physical, biological methods are used for biogas purification. The main difficulties using biological methods are selection of suitable microorganisms' suspensions and making optimal conditions in photobioreactor. Different origin and structure microalgae suspensions are used applying biological treatment methods. Monoraphidium griffithi, which is widespread in fresh water, has relatively high potential. Microalgae' cultures absorb the main components of biogas – carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S). Absorbtion processes are based on photosynthesis. Microalgae absorb specific components of biogas when there are suitable light source and nutrient solvent. The main purposes of the research are to asses emission of biogas using different substrates (chicken manure and wastewater sludge). Also, it was measured main physical and chemical characteristics of both substrates: acidicy, temperature, redox potential, conductivity, biohemical oxygen demand. According results of the research, emission from wastewater sludge is greater than from chicken manure so sludge was chosen in teh next stage of the research. The next stage – asssessment of purification efficienty using Monoraphidium grifftihii suspension. Raw biogas was supplied to photobioreacor (with microalgae suspension). Alterations of methane, carbon dioxide, oxygen, hydrogen sulphide concentrations were measured precisely. According to results concentration of methane in the beginning of the researc was 62%, after 35 days – 69%. Meanwhile carbon dioxide – 37% and 31% by analogy. Experimental research alows to assess Monoraphidium griffithi absorption capacity of ballast components. Results were compared to different scientists' results which were present in scientific journals and publications. Comparative analysis alows to assess practical possibilities to use Monoraphidium griffithi as biological treatment of raw biogas.


Fodder radish (Raphanus sativus), more commonly known as Japanese radish, is useful as a late autumn / early winter feed in the cooler eastern areas of South Africa, depending on planting date. It may be used in the drier western areas, but would require supplementary irrigation. It can be effectively used as a fodder bank or strategic fodder source to supplement temperate grass pastures or foggaged tropicals.


Abstract Brain tumors include primary tumors of various intracranial tissue and secondary intracranial tumors that transferred from other parts of the body. Secondary intracranial tumors are especially prevalent in patients with lung cancer. The mechanisms of lung cancer with brain metastases are complicated, they are affected by a variety of factors. Thus, identifying the mechanisms of lung cancer with brain metastases will have far-reaching meanings both for clinic pharmacy research and for a better quality of life for patients; Brain metastases from lung cancer represent a prevalent and challenging clinical dilemma, and some research suggests that the outcomes and characteristics of brain metastases that result from lung cancer primary sites are perhaps different than those from other primary sites, therefore increasing the difficulty of clinical treatment. Despite steady research developments during recent years, the survival rates remain poor. The mechanisms and therapeutic options for treating brain metastases arising from lung cancer are review in this article.


ABSTRACT Within-field variability in wheat grain yield and its quality always exists in production fields and depends, among other factors, mainly on various soil properties related to nutrients and water availability. The aim of the research was to examine the relationships between selected soil properties such as texture; pH; content of the available phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and organic carbon; and winter wheat grain yield and quality under rainfed conditions. Six crop fields with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) in three sites located in different regions of Poland were examined during two seasons. The grain yield was mainly determined by the soil texture, and the majority of the chemical soil properties did not have a significant effect on grain yield. The grain quality traits were determined by the examined soil properties to a smaller degree than grain yield. The relationships were not consistent across sites and years.


Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a huge impact on airport traffic, but few works have researched about this field. In order to have a further understanding of the influence, this paper studied the dataset Covid Impact on Airport Traffic. By exploratory data analysis and visualization of the dataset, this paper has a clear insight of how the airport traffic was influenced by COVID-19. This paper also analyzed the correlation of the data with confirmed covid-19 cases using an auxiliary dataset Time series summary of global confirmed covid-19 cases and forecasted the how would the data in Covid Impact on Airport Traffic change with the number of confirmed covid-19 cases. And finally, this paper estimated the financial loss of airports. The result of this paper showed the influence of COVID-19 from multiple aspects and it has instructive significance in some degree.


Authentication has been completed the mobile terminal (3a) indicating the mobile terminal permitted content reproduced (3b) of the device information stored in the mobile terminal (3b) based on the mobile terminal (3a) has been completed the mobile terminal permission ( case 3b) provided at a predetermined permission condition of the content playback request with limiting the content authentication information is reproduced, and the mobile terminal (3b) was determined using the information stored in the device, in accordance with request from the mobile terminal (3b) is provided by the playback of the multimedia content server (2) under specified conditions.


The friction stir lap welding of LY12CZ aluminum alloy plates with 3 mm thickness was conducted using several pins with the same length and different geometry,the influence of pin geometry on interface migration of friction stir lap welds was investigated.The results show that the screw thread on the tool made interface migrates in thickness direction,the counter-clockwise screw thread drives the plasticized metal closed to the stir pin to migrate downwards,the plasticized metal accumulates at the tip of stir pin and extruded circumambient metal,then the interfaces move upwards.The clockwise screw thread drives the plasticized metal to migrate upwords,the plasticized metal accumulates at the root of stir pin and extrudes metal under the shoulder,then the interfaces move downwards.If the surface of the stir pin is smooth,the migration of interface in the thickness direction reduces,but the interface spreading to the weld is serious.


A 79-year-old female, who had undergone an aortic valve replacement and mitral valve replacement (MVR) with mechanical valves 29 years previously, presented as an outpatient with dyspnea on exertion. Physical examination was significant for a grade 3/6 holosystolic murmur at the sternal border. Chest X-ray indicated a cardiothoracic ratio of 97% and upward shift of right main bronchus. Echocardiography revealed a giant left atrium with a left atrial diameter of 161mm and moderate mitral regurgitation due to perivalvular leakage (Fig. 1). Redo MVR with plication of the left and right atrium was performed and the


An essential role of the cardiorespiratory system is to ensure the brain is adequately oxygenated. This is achieved in part by responding to hypoxia with increases in peripheral vasoconstriction, heart rate and blood pressure through activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Here we report a novel spinal oxygen sensor (SOS) that can detect and respond to changes in PO2 by increasing sympathetic activity. Using an isolated artificially perfused thoracic‐cervical spinal cord preparation, we show that these oxygen sensors are cable of causing sympathetic activity in response to hypoxia which precede, predicts and outlive phrenic gasps. We further confirmed the presence of SOS's in an anesthetized, artificially ventilated in vivo preparation, by demonstrating that sympathetic nerve activity increases during a hypoxic bout after carotid body denervation and complete spinal cord transaction.


Four kinds of new molybdotungstoniobic diphosphates with the Dawson structure, formulated as alpha-P2W15Mo2Nb62(7-), are prepared and characterized by IR, UV spectra, polarography and W-183 NMR which show that the same ''polar'' W atoms in the Dawson frames-are substituted. The mean value of W-183 chemical shifts of the ''polar'' group varies linearly with the number of substituted atoms in the opposite polar group.


WO 3-SnO 2 based thick films were prepared by using standard screen printing technique. The films were fired at optimized temperature of 600 0 C for 30 minutes in air atmosphere. The material characterization was performed by XRD, SEM, and EDAX for elemental analysis. The UV-visible spectra show WO 3 -SnO 2 exhibits a shoulder at 232 nm along with an illdefined band at 260 nm. The maximum optical band gap energy of 5.12 eV was obtained on a room temperature. The D.C. resistance of the films was measured by half bridge method in air atmosphere at different temperatures. The films were showing decrease in resistance with increase in temperature indicating semiconductor behaviour. The temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), activation energy and sheet resistivity are evaluated at 600 0 C.


Tsitsi Dangarembga's novels provide us with ways of thinking about philanthropic practices in Africa and in the world by using the lens of the gift-as-charity in a self-help project. It becomes clear that the power structures which are animated in the act of charitable giving do create bonds of violence, instead of solidarity, where inequalities are exacerbated, instead of being lessened. Charity sometimes deepens these inequalities that bedevil any kind of project which assumes that philanthropy necessarily induces positive development. There are often clashes between the receivers and givers, all to do with largely overlooked aspirations and initiatives of the receiving as well as giving communities. The world view of the receiver is very important and more participatory and deliberative democracies need to be instituted so that the receiver of philanthropic aid does not feel insulted and disempowered ironically by the act of being upraised. A recognition that charitees might not necessarily want to develop in the ways devised by the giver is important, as overlooking that fact, and not devising ways of matching project to aspirations, creates alienation and frustration. This shows through the vindictiveness with which charitees, and even givers of charity, sometimes show to each other, when strategic interests in the gift clash. African folklore abounds with warnings about how to receive, and how to create cultures of giving and receiving that don't kill or create an abusive dependency. More than in any other cultural site, it is in the spaces of the excellently written novels of Tsitsi Dangarembga that complex African reactions to philanthropy-as-development are registered.


With the rapid growth of the business travel using general aviation (GA) aircraft, the number of the low occupancy vehicles in the U.S. national airspace may overwhelm the current air traffic control system. The goal is to design a new U.S. air traffic control sectorization system based upon wireless telecommunication system requirements. Using different types of telecommunication systems, we are able to reduce the workload of the air traffic controllers, by trying to achieve "free flight". Free flight is defined as a safe and efficient flight operating capability under instrument flight rules (IFR), which the operators have the freedom to select their path and speed in real time. We present the result of analysis and modelling on the different types of data link technologies that supports the automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) implementation. These data links/medias include: Very High Frequency Data Link Mode 4 (VDL-4), 1090 MHz Extended Squitter built upon Mode Select (Mode S) and Universal Access Transceiver (UAT). These design alternatives are evaluated using the Future Aeronautical Subnetwork Traffic Emulator for Communication Navigation and Surveillance (FASTE CNS) model and through cost and decision analysis.


A two-element dosemeter for environmental monitoring has been designed after experimental investigations. It consists of two sets of TLD of CaSO 4 :Dy, one of which is placed in a spherical tin filter, 2 mm thick. The lowest detectable dose is in the order of 2 μSv. Above 26 keV, the photon response is independent of energy within ± 25%


The objective of this paper was to study the potential of visible/near infrared reflectance spectroscopy(Vis/NIR) for nondestructive determination of potassium(K) content in fresh pear leaves with an ASD FieldSpec 3 spectrometer.All the samples were divided randomly into two groups,one with 120 samples as the calibration set,and the other with 30 samples as the validation set.Different spectra wave bands,spectra preprocessing in different ways and different spectra styles were used in the prediction model of K content.The results showed that,after the preprocessing of original spectral with the whole wave band plus S-G(3) smoothing,the prediction model calibrated with 17 principal component factors had the best performance by the partial least squares(PLS) regression,in which the determination coefficient(R2) of calibration and cross-validation was 0.722 7 and 0.679 1,respectively,and the root mean square error of cross-validation(RMSECV) was 1.171.Test of the best PLS model with 30 samples in the validation set showed that the predicted average relative error was 6.81%.Therefore,it could be concluded that Vis/NIR has a huge potential for the determination of total potassium content in fresh pear leaves in a rapid and nondestructive way.


The project « AVEA » is a new concept of modular over-pressurized airship with an air ballast. This transportation system can sustain and transport up to 1'000 tons over 10'000 km at 100 km/h. It is constituted of several cylindrical ballons called "Modules Aérostatiques Pilotables" (MAP) which are assembled in an ovoid shape aerodynamically operational. For instance, the dimensions of an AVEA able to transport 500 tons are about: length 200 m, width 100 m and height 100 m. The project started as a research program of the Balloon Department at the French space agency (CNES). The detailed study and the industrial developments are treated by "O ffice National d'Etudes Aérospatiales" (ONERA), for the technical part, and by the "Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at Lausanne" (EPFL), for the economical part. The demand analysis proceeding is relying on probabilistic approach to estimate the risk associated with the airship's future operation and it is structured according to three complementary axes: modal shift modification of production/construction process and logistics new markets niches The modification of the production/construction process and logistics seems, at present, the project's most promising application. Truly, the possibility to transport loads up to 1'000 tons will "revolutionize" all the industrial chain, from the conception to the distribution of products. Other potential users interested in this transportation system are for instance companies linked to mechanical engineering (energetic equipments, petrol/oil equipments, boiler-making...), to civil engineering (building construction, bridges...)...as well as humanitarian help organizations.


A SPRING (50, 52) COMPRESSION, bellows, having a ratio SPRING VARIABLE an elastomer having features such tensile THAT RESISTANCE RATIO STRETCH RESISTANT PLASTIC A GREATER THAN greater than 1''5 1 , the said SPRING PARTICULARLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN SETS STUDS LIGHTWEIGHT, cars LOW PROFILE TO mINIMIZE THE NOISE, VIBRATION AND IMPACT FORCES THAT OTHERWISE transmit FROM THE WHEEL (18) to the vehicle body .


The bank's financial performance can be evaluated by profitability. In the era of the Covid-19 pandemic, especially during 2020 (March-December 2020), the profitability ratio of banks in Indonesia showed a decline. The ratio to measure the profitability of a bank is Return On Assets (ROA). ROA is important for banks because ROA is used to measure the effectiveness of the company in generating profits by utilizing its assets. Many factors affect ROA, including the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and the audit committee. To determine the effect of the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and the audit committee on the profitability of banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2020. This type of research is quantitative with a descriptive approach. The research sample uses a purposive sampling technique with the criteria of banking companies that publish Annual Reports in 2020, which are 43 banks. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study found that partially CAR had a positive and significant effect on ROA, but the audit committee had no significant effect on ROA. Furthermore, the CAR and the audit committee together (simultaneously) have no effect on ROA.


The present invention discloses an axial distance measuring means for measuring the axial distance of the engine crank arm, wherein the reference element is fixedly mounted to the crank arm adjacent to the test spindle neck, and which is located in the plane to be tested reference intersection, the measuring assembly crank arm and the main journal end fixed to the reference member, which abuts against the end of the measurement test and the crank arm adjacent thereto intersect surface of the crankpin, and the detected parameters by displaying the output plate, measurement component measuring rotary drive member slides along the end face intersect. Thus, the measuring element can realize the measurement of non-linear, in order to achieve a non-linear distance measuring crankshaft neck, having a high spatial distance of the detection accuracy, the measurement process is relatively simple.


LEGAL NOTICE-, 7 Thie report wad prepared aa YI zcc-t of Cavernmat s p ~ ~ r e d aork Neither the 1 United Slates, nor the Commission. mr any p e r m acting on behail of the Commission: I *. Mates any warranty or reprcsenlntlon, express or implied, with respect io the ?ccurrcr, compietcnces,or u&ulmess of tbe inlormation conts.lned in this report, or that the use of any lalormation. -11~s~ metbod, or process diseloscd in this report may


The present invention provides a method of feedback LTE-ATDD different uplink-downlink, for the uplink and downlink sub-frame asymmetric carrier aggregation scenario, the uplink subframe of each component carrier only feedback Ack-carrier downlink subframe the PDSCH / Nack, without other carriers feedback Ack / Nack. The present invention also provides another method of LTE-ATDD different uplink-downlink feedback, for the asymmetric carrier aggregation scenario uplink and downlink sub-frames, each downlink sub-carrier the Ack frame / Nack by the rear sub-frame of at least four recent uplink subframe secondary cell having the smallest frame index feedback secondary cell, allowing multiple carriers Ack / Nack transmissions other carriers. The present invention utilizes the characteristics of different uplink subframes asymmetric subframe, an uplink subframe can be reduced feedback of downlink PDSCH Ack / Nack maximum downlink subframes reducing Ack / Nack feedback to the eNB delay.


The predicting Kappa number of kraft pulping process is very difficult due to the complicated process kinetics and poor basic information. The support vector machine (SVM), as a novel type of learning machine based on statistical learning theory was introduced. The basic theory and algorithm of the method were presented and application of the method to predict Kappa number was conducted. In the meantime, the comparison was made between SVM methods and the traditional methods (linear regression and artificial neural network). The comparative result indicated that SVM method was high in precision, faster in computation and had a better generalization ability.


This article is about the figure of the mithological God Poseidon through the times, analizing his treatment in different artistic representations and the didactical implications to promote the reading and writing in Primary Education.


ABSTRACT In community-based natural resource management, there is an emerging body of research on the work of external actors and their influence in community–resource interrelationships and community management decisions. Contributing to this research, this study examined the work of external actors using findings from semistructured interviews and participant observations conducted in Klong Prasong subdistrict, Krabi Province, Thailand, in mid-2014. The external actors, through Janus-faced linkages, are able to influence community–resource interrelationships and management approaches both positively and negatively. This case study also revealed university researchers, ecotourists, and private investors as non-conventional external actors. By influencing decision-making structures and environmental stewardship, external actors impact on the governance of a community natural resource.


unfortunately consists of alphabetizing the frames. Chapter 7 gives five ways to explicitly teach the Framework in courses. Most practical for librarians are chapters 8 and 9, which supply an example of a librarian-faculty collaboration and assignment for each frame of the Framework. It is unclear why the frames are split into two chapters, which necessitates repetition of introductory material in each. Coverage of each frame includes sample student learning outcomes (SLOs), an assignment, handout, and assessment rubric. This structure of an assignment around one frame makes lessons nicely bite-sized. However, the assignment development is conveyed partly through written dialogues between the faculty and librarian. While the dialogues could be helpful for learning collaboration skills, they are lengthy and tedious to read. Examples follow best practices of including SLOs and assessment, but assignment handouts are complex and wordy. Each chapter ends with key points and references. The related website, which offers copies of handouts, was incomplete at the time of review. The book states that its resources can be modified for use, but they are copyrighted by the publisher, not licensed with Creative Commons. Appendices have additional examples and materials, such as flashcards for each frame. The text could use a more careful proofreading, such as the misnamed title of the Framework on the back cover. This book provides a decent introduction and guide for librarians taking a support role for faculty as a strategy for applying the Framework and teaching information literacy beyond one-time sessions or database demonstrations. It is not for librarians who seek to implement the Framework in their own instruction practice, unlike one-shot lesson plan handbooks. It is for librarians radically shifting from library instruction to faculty support.


Abstract A diet rich in plant-based foods with fewer animal products may offer improved health and environmental benefits. There is little consensus on the definition for a plant-based diet in the literature with some defining it as one rich in vegetables, legumes, fruits, wholegrains, nuts and seeds, excluding animal foods and with heavy restrictions on processed foods. Other definitions make no reference to the inclusion/exclusion of processed foods and refer only to the exclusion of all animal foods from the total diet. This study aimed to examine the nutritional quality of the Irish diet using each of these plant-based diet definitions. A 4-day semi-weighed food record collected food intake data from 1500 Irish adults (18–90y) in the National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS). Nutrient intake was analysed using WISP© based on UK and Irish food composition databases. All foods and beverages consumed in the NANS were categorised (included/excluded) into the two definitions; 1.plant-based component of the diet and 2.total diet excluding all animal components. The plant-based component included vegetables, legumes, fruits, wholegrains, nuts and seeds and excluded all animal foods and processed foods. The second categorisation included all non-animal foods regardless of processing. Nutritional quality was assessed by estimating energy-adjusted intakes of macronutrients, saturated fat, free sugars, dietary fibre and sodium. Stastical analysis was conducted using SPSS© v24. The plant-based component of the diet provided 309 ± 214kcal/d (1.3 ± 0.9MJ/d) comprising of 68% carbohydrate, 20% fat and 12% protein. Mean intakes of saturated fat and free sugars from the plant-based component of the diet were 5% of energy (%E) and 1%E, respectively. Mean intakes of dietary fibre and sodium were 70g/10MJ and 1855mg/10MJ, respectively. Allowing for inclusion of processed foods, mean energy intake from the total diet excluding all animal foods was 1051 ± 411kcal/d (4.4 ± 1.7MJ/d) comprising of 66% carbohydrate, 23% fat and 10% protein. Mean intakes of saturated fat and free sugars were 7%E and 14%E, respectively. Mean intakes of dietary fibre and sodium were 40g/10MJ and 2642mg/10MJ, respectively. Overall, the macronutrient profile of the plant-based component of the diet and the total diet excluding animal foods were similar. However, the plant-based component of the diet was of higher nutritional quality; providing lower intakes of saturated fat, free sugar and sodium and higher intakes of dietary fibre compared to the total diet excluding animal foods. This study highlights the variability in nutritional quality between different definitions of plant based-diets.


Some of the different factors that can influence the measurement of blood pressure are discussed. It is essential that those engaged in the care of patients with high blood pressure should standardize the measurement of blood pressure so that the established routine is followed at each attendance. This is especially important today because so many people perform blood pressure checks. It is important to use the correct cuff and manometer. When considering costs, one should remember that the measurement of blood pressure is an inexpensive examination, but that poor equipment will prove costly both for the patient and for the community medical programme.


I argue that it is intuitive and useful to think about composition in the light of the familiar functionalist distinction between role and occupant. This involves factoring the standard notion of parthood into two related notions: being a parthood slot and occupying a parthood slot. One thing is part of another just in case it fills one of that thing's parthood slots. This move opens room to rethink mereology in various ways, and, in particular, to see the mereological structure of a composite as potentially outreaching the individual entities that are its parts. I sketch one formal system that allows things to have individual entities as parts multiple times over. This is particularly useful to David Armstrong, given Lewis's charge that his structural universals must do exactly that. I close by reflecting upon the nature and point of formal mereology.


We examine work-to-family and family-to-work spillover for professional and nonprofessional members of dual-earner couples. Separate analyses (multiple analysis of variance [MANOVA]) are conducted for men and women. We include variables in our model that help us understand differences between workers, including age of respondent, number of children, occupational status, employment status, and an interaction effect between children and work hours. To determine whether particular work benefits are influential, we add work flexibility as a covariate in a second model. Our findings do not support the assertion made in the literature that nonprofessional workers are less likely than professional workers to feel pressures from work to family.


Introduction Past experiments have already proven that silk, a natural protein produced by silkworms and spiders, exhibit intriguing physical properties such as exceptionally high moduli and toughness. Silk fibroins (SF) can be further reconstituted into ultrathin (<100 nm) films while retaining most of these properties for a wide variety of bioapplications. These ultrathin films can be further enhanced by incorporating materials with them to create nanocomposites; in particular, addition of graphene oxide (GO) can increase the ultimate stress the film can take up to about 200%. But not affecting ultimate strain. Hence, the goal of this research was to improve the ultimate strain by adding dopamine (DA) to the SF-GO nanocomposite.


The realism of contemporary computer graphics (and especially Virtual Reality {VR}) is limited by the great computational cost of rendering objects of appropriate complexity with convincing lighting and surface effects. We introduce a framework that allows rendering of objects in true photographic quality using tweening. The simple but effective design of our system allows us not only to perform the necessary operations in real-time on standard hardware, but also achieve other effects like morphing. Furthermore, it is shown how our system can be gainfully employed in non-VR contexts like extreme low-bandwidth video-conferencing and others.


A predictive energy management strategy considering travel route information is proposed to explore the energy-saving potential of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The extreme learning machine is used as a short-term speed predictor, and the battery temperature is added as an optimization term to the cost function. By comparing the training data sets, it is found that using the real-world historical speed information for training can achieve higher prediction accuracy than using typical standard driving cycles. The speed predictor trained based on the data considering travel route information can further improve the prediction accuracy. The impact of battery temperature on the total cost is also analyzed. By adjusting the temperature weighting coefficient of the battery, a balance between economy and battery aging can be achieved. In addition, it is found that the ambient temperature also affects vehicular energy consumption. Finally, the proposed method is compared with PMP, MPC, and CD-CS methods, showing its effectiveness and practicability.


Objective To discuss the therapeutic effect of B-ultrasound minimally invasive operation in treatment of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.Methods 26 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage treated with minimally invasive operation were analyzed based on the methods and prognosis of operation.Result Removing 80% or more hemorrhage in 15 cases,70%~80% hemorrhage in 9 cases,and rehemorrhage 2 cases during operation.The curative effectiveness was assessed according to GOS scores after 3 months: 18 recovered well,4 moderately disabled,2 severely disabled,1 was under vegetative state and 1 died.Conclusion Application of B-guided minimally invasive operation in treatment of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage is feasible.Which can help to find transposition of brain tissue and rehemorrhage during operation in time,and to improve prognosis of operation.


This article is focused on the conceptual framework of spending reviews. The authors claim that after the global financial crisis (2007–2008), the role of spending reviews in OECD countries has drastically increased. Originally a technical tool for the evaluation of government programs' efficiency and effectiveness, it has evolved into the key instrument of public finance management. Many countries have started using such reviews both for the identification of inefficient expenditures/programs and for re-allocation of public resources in line with new medium-term policy priorities. The article examines the present-day interpretation of this concept, offers classification of spending reviews, analyzes legal environment and organizational models of planning and preparation of spending reviews in various OECD countries. As a result, the authors formulate a set of necessary conditions for the successful implementation of spending reviews, including legal, organizational and institutional conditions, and data requirements. Spending reviews should be integrated into the budget preparation process, stakeholders' roles should be determined prior to conducting spending reviews, policy priorities should be clearly determined. As Russia moves towards adopting spending reviews as the key public expenditures management instrument, putting these pre-requisites in place becomes an immediate challenge.


For the performance optimization of the power PMOS (PPMOS) turn-off speed, we analyzed parasitic capacitor, effect of parasitic capacitor on drain-source voltage and turn-off characteristic for PPMOS. A practical drive circuit of fast turn-off PPMOS is proposed. The fast turn-off of PPMOS by inserting a parallel-switch-circuit in PPMOS, and the charging and discharging of parallel capacitor is controlled by PWM signal to achieve the turn-on and the turn-off of parallel-switch circuit, which compels the gate-source parasitic capacitor discharging quickly during PPMOS turn-off. The switch circuit working process and the charging and discharging process of parasitic capacitor are obtained through analyzing switching characteristic of PPMOS. The results of experiments that made on a Buck DC-DC converter show that the analysis is right and the proposed methods are feasible.


The role of root growth on increase of yield is an important subject that is considered by plant breeders. In order to investigate root growth of 18 barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes at seedling growth stage, two separate experiments were conducted in the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2012. A completely randomized design with three replications was used for each experiment. After seeds germination in petri dishes, some seeds were transferred into gel chamber. The rest of germinated seeds were put into distilled water by use of rolled filter paper. The genotypes were compared by total root length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, root diameter. Results showed that C-87-10 had highest total root length with 283 mm total root length in filter paper and 226 mm in gel chamber. Nimruz cultivar in filter paper with 139.3 mm and Sahand cultivar in gel chamber with 39 mm, produced the lowest total root length. Also Yosef, DC-85-5, C-87-10 and Nosrat genotypes had highest root dry weight and Val-fajr, Sahand and Nimruz genotypes had lowest root dry weight. in first experiment DC-85-5 and Sahand cultivar produced highest and lowest leaf length and in second experiment C-87-19 and Sahand cultivar had highest and lowest total leaf area.


A optimizing or determining the image characteristics of the entire image to be displayed. A method and apparatus for displaying prepared image using the image characteristic of the region of interest of the image, optimizing or determining the image characteristics of the entire image to be displayed. ROI information can be used when calculating the SSBC profile of the region of interest. Adjust the image signal using the SSBC profile, whereby it is possible to supply an image as image characteristics of the region of interest is optimized, for example. Image characteristics and / or SSBC profile information can be supplied as metadata included in the video signal data stream. The region of interest can be selected by the partial portion where image is obtained, the image is displayed, or other parts, (for example, an image storing device, an image player, etc.). .The


Water was needed to be supplied to the cooling tower of  Ulubelu Geothermal Power Plant Project area. The use of surface water was not recommended due to the impact that would occured to agricultural and plantational sector around the area. Hence, the study of groundwater resources on the aquifer of fractured igneous rock by geoelectric and pumping test data was performed. The objectives of the study consists of determining the typical, depth and characteristic of aquifer , establish the value of well efficiency, coefficient of transmissivity (T), coefficient of permeability (K) and coefficient of storage (S), establish the class, characteristic and type of groundwater chemistry and its relation to the environment, and define the qualitative and quantitative of groundwater potential on the field study. The methods were using resistivity and pumping test analysis, and supported by groundwater chemistry analysis, borehole log, petrography and outcrops observation. Geoelectric method was using pole-pole configuration as much as 8 lines. Pumping test consists of step drawdown test, constant rate test and recovery test. The correlations of 2D resistivity cross-section and inversion model were using Rockwork and obtained 3D visualization of zone of fractured aquifer potential. The depth of aquifer was ranging 75-150 m with water table about 50-65 m. Pumping test has carried out on well Mella-01, Mella-02 and Mella-03. The results obtained good well efficiency that is more than 90%. Coefficient of transmissivity and coefficient of storage were calculated using Theis recovery method and obtained T 3,441-5,205 m 2 /day and S 0,022-0,054. The value of S showed that the type of aquifer is unconfined. Coefficient of permeability 0,681-0,713 m/day and supported by petrography analysis indicates the characteristic of fractured igneous rocks. Groundwater quantity was obtained 192 m 3 /day and the quality indicated by the type of groundwater chemistry that rank of carbonate and semi-carbonate type. Considering from the neutral pH, total dissolved solids, EC and Chloride content, groundwater was categorized fresh water.


Photograph of the exterior of Jolly Juniors, a business being run out of a two-story house. There is a car covering attached to the house, and the second floor has a balcony.


Objective To investigate the effect of dual reconstruction plates for comminuted humeral intercondylar fracture.Methods 28 cases with comminuted humeral intercondylar fractures were treated with dual reconstruction plates and early postoperative exercises.The healing process was checked by X-ray in 1,2,3,6,9,12 months postoperatively.Results 28 cases were followed up for 12~49(26±12) months.All got bony union,and the union time was 14~24(16±4) weeks.The elbow function recovery was satisfied.According to Cassebaum standard,the results were excellent in 11 cases,good in 12 and fair in 5.Conclusions Dual reconstruction plates for comminuted humeral intercondylar fracture can provide anatomic reduction,rigid fixation,early exercises,which can prevent nonunion or malunion,reduce complication and improve elbow function recovery.


The reheating period of the early Universe, which is supposed to follow the de Sitter stage in which there is supercooling, is reconsidered within a phenomenological particle-production model


As an important condition to support the urban development goals,the urban transportation system has changed from the minor role to the leading role cooperated with the urban development.To establish mechanism of mutual coordination of land use and transport has being changed the orientation of urban planning and decision-making.Based on the analysis of nowadays and future development conditions of transportation system of Datong city,this paper provides the guiding ideology,strategical goals and development measures of urban transportation system of Datong city.


Predicting Trac flow in the busiest cities has become a popular research area in the past decades. The rapid development of intelligent trac management system attracts the software industry to come up with ecient tools for trac prediction over the roads. In this study, Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) is employed with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to forecast the trac flow over the roads by analyzing loop sensor's data. An Information Theoretic Approach has been extended for choosing the number of nodes in hidden layer of Neural Network for the proposed model. The proposed hybrid model was compared with standard Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. The forecasted results showed that proposed joined Wavelet and Feed Forward Neural Network (WFFNN) worked much well over the experimental data than ANN model.


To maximize the benefit of chip-scale packaging for portable and handheld electronics, the user must consider efficient and cost effective assembly processing. Factors that an engineer should review before developing the product using CSP may include physical features and construction of the device, environmental limitations, suitable substrate materials and a general understanding of the attachment methodology. Many of the electronic products being developed using miniature chip-scale packages are moving toward lead-free, environmentally safe assembly processes. This paper reviews chip-size flash and RAMBUS memory test device applications utilizing /spl mu/BGA/sup (R)/ package technology, explore alternative solder alloy compositions, furnish recommendations for solder process temperature profiles and present the results from extensive thermal cycle testing, comparing eutectic solder to lead-free solder ball contacts and attachment materials.


High dose of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strain H37Rv administered by intratracheal injection in BALB/c mice induce progressive tuberculosis (TB). In this model, during the first month there is a temporal control of bacillary growth, in coexistence with macrophage activation, granuloma formation and Th‐1 response. Then, bacterial proliferation recommences, accompanied by progressive pneumonia and decreasing expression of protective cytokines (IFN‐γ and TNF‐α). In this model, we studied the IL‐12 gene expression kinetics and cellular source. There is a rapid and progressive IL‐12 expression peaking at day 14, when granulomas start their formation and numerous macrophages show strong IL‐12 immunostaining, while during progressive TB there is a significant decrease of IL‐12 expression and occasional macrophages showed IL‐12 immunolabeling. In the second part of this study, we determined the immunotherapeutic effect of recombinant adenoviruses that codify IL‐12 (AdIL‐12). Intratracheal administration of only one dose of AdIL‐12 one day before Mtb infection produced significant decrease of bacterial loads, lesser pneumonia and higher expression of TNF‐α, IFN‐γ and iNOS. When only one dose of AdIL‐12 was given in healthy mice cohoused with infected mice with highly virulent and transmissible Mtb, total prevention of infection was conferred. Moreover, when AdIL‐12 was administered by intranasal route in animals suffering late active TB after 2 months of infection, a very low pulmonary bacilli burdens was detected. These experimental data confirm that IL‐12 is a significant cytokine in the immune protection against Mtb, and gene therapy based in adenoviruses coding this cytokine increased protective immunity and prevent Mtb transmission.


Article History is The current research aimed to study the colour preferences of S . oryzae through the free choice test method, the preference of adult insects to different colour cues was evaluated with a multi-choice test 24 hours after insect release. The research was conducted with three replicates using six colour cues; red, white, black, yellow, green, and blue under laboratory conditions. The observed parameter was the number of adults attracted to the different colour cues. The results showed that the highest preference of S. oryzae was recorded in the green and red colour cues, while the white colour was the least preferred colour. These results could be helpful in the integrated pest management programs to control the stored product insect pest S . oryzae .


Main workers, Marginal workers, Non-workers and those marginal workers, Non-workers seeking/Available for work classified by age and sex, Scheduled Castes, work classified by age and sex for scheduled Tribes.


ABSTRACT English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers and students are often pressured to use generic, globally published textbooks featuring 'inner-circle' social realities. While some studies look at specific instances of content that socially marginalizes their intended audiences, few attempt comprehensive examinations of the multimodal ensembles on each opened page. Inspired by critical discourse studies that problematize some textbooks as vehicles for social injustice, this study features a novel, critical multimodal analysis process (CMAP) to look closer at the discourse in a popular textbook, asking: (1) What power relations and ideologies are harbored in the multimodal discourse? (2) What dominant narratives do the lessons appear to teach? After analyzing six units of lessons in a popular, globally published EFL textbook, CMAP reveals dominant inner-circle perspectives and othering, to which this study collectively labels innercirclism. Considering globally published EFL textbooks continue to be a popular choice for academic programs in expanding circle nations, the implications of this study suggest innercirclism diminishes the pedagogical vision of the teacher to ensure the value of their students' investment in English language learning.