In this article we address the problem of optimization of VLSI circuits to minimize power consumption while meeting performance goals. We present a method of estimating power consumption of a basic or complex CMOS gate which takes the internal capacitances of the gate into account. This method is used to select an ordering of series-connected transistors found in CMOS gates to achieve lower power consumption. The method is very efficient when used by library-based design styles. We describe a multipass algorithm that makes use of transistor reordering to optimize performance and power consumption of circuits, has a linear time complexity per pass, and converges to a solution in a small number of passes. Transformations in addition to transistor reordering can be used by the algorithm. The algorithm has been benchmarked on several large examples and the results are presented.


A new method of egg culture has been devised. The content of an fertilized chicken egg, whose shell is totally removed by breaking, can servive in the incubator at least for fourteen days, showing nearly the same growth as in the natural state. This naked chick embryo in porcelain cup with glass cover appears to provide a hopeful method for the cultivation of viruses because of its facility of handling as well as observations.


The interest on benthic indicators for soft-bottom marine communities has dramatically increased after a rather long term of relative stagnation due to the need of new tools to assess the status of marine waters within Clean Act and the Framework Water Directive. Our expertise on benthic communities had permitted to accumulate a large amount of data from diverse unpolluted and polluted conditions (accidental oil spill, sewage, longterm anthropogenic estuarine constraints) in tidal estuaries, harbours, and coastal shelf from Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, i.e. English Channel, Atlantic and Mediterranean coast of Spain, Marseilles Gulf and Algerian coats. We tested several kinds of benthic indicators on diverse available datasets, such as "sentinel species" which is a particular species which by its presence or its relative abundance would have for the observer a role of "warning" vis–à-vis possible unbalances in the surrounding environment or distortions in the functioning of the community. We have also checked several indices: Shannon-Wiener H' diversity, AMBI and BO2A indices according to the classification of species into Ecological Groups and ITI according to the classification of species into trophic groups. We discuss on the selection and use of Biological Indicators as "objective" or "subjective" alternatives to assess diagnostic for soft-bottom communities and to characterize the state of an ecosystem


There have been dramatic technology changes in telecommunication sector during last two decades. New application services like the introduction of international mobile services, fiber optical home services and satellite personal services are expected to play a major role in the whole field of telecommunication services. In the users' viewpoint, the proper selection and the efficient application of the specific telecommunication service among the various alternatives at hand are recognized as principle means for ensuring the whole business competitiveness. Despite the definite need for the telecommunication service selection strategies, very few researches have been reported in this field. In this paper, attempts are made to identify the companies' decision factors considered in selecting the telecommunication services, to draw the strategic dimensions and categorize each company with respect to the identified dimensions, and to finally find the characteristics of each strategic group in selecting the telecommunication service.


AbstractThe present study describes the phase behaviour of simple n-alkane-1,2-diols and their mixtures with water. In the water-free state the short-chain compounds form metastable S+A and S+B phases while the long-chain compounds exhibit only the monotropic S+B phase. The addition of water leads to a remarkable stabilization of the liquid-crystalline behaviour.


The operating principle,structural characteristics and design method of spin flash dryer were introduced.A convenient and rapid design method of spin flash dryer used in dye was provided.At same time,technological parameter and evaporating strength of dye drying were introduced too.


The objective of this paper is to indicate the orientation of fiscal policy in Tunisia, using the structural budget balance, during the period 1972-2014. For this purpose, we estimate a structural VAR model consisting of the fiscal deficit to current GDP ratio and the volume of economic activity represented by the real GDP. We estimate bivariate structural VAR in order to decompose fiscal deficit fluctuations into different disturbances.


Covid-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that has occurred since 2019. Based on observations of longer-term clinical trials, it shows that the immune response produced by the COVID-19 vaccine will decrease over time with varying intervals of decline depending on the type of vaccine. The vaccine given is a booster vaccination/advanced dose to maintain the immunogenicity of the vaccine against COVID-19 infection. From the results of these studies, it can be concluded that the Covid 19 vaccine is safe and provides a good immune response in children. This service is carried out with the aim of providing knowledge and socializing the covid 19 vaccination to children and booster to adults to the community.


Some adherents of agile development feel their approach goes against the predominant tenets of existing traditional approaches to software development, and thus can invoke fear and anxiety in practitioners. One way to understand if and how agile methods differ from existing approaches is to explore one agile approach in depth and, if possible, its philosophical underpinnings to see in what way it presents a new and different view of the software development process. This paper works to understand some of the philosophical underpinnings of Extreme Programming (XP), an agile software development approach. The study uses a qualitative data analysis approach to address the following research questions: 1) what philosophy underlies XP, and 2) does XP's philosophy differ from the dominant software development paradigm? The paper finds that Extreme Programming reflects many pragmatic philosophical viewpoints and that many of its tenets conflict with the rationalistic approach that underlies traditional software development discourse.


The effect of UV irradiation and micro- and nano- TiO2 as well as titanate nanotubes (TiNT) on the phase morphology and thermal properties of the electrospun PCL composite fibres was investigated. Polycaprolactone (PCL)/ TiO2 (micro- and nano- TiO2 as well as titanate nanotubes) composite fibres were prepared by electrospinning a polymer solution. The PCL and PCL/ TiO2 composite fibres were exposed to UV light at irradiation times of 5 and 10 days. After UV irradiation the crystallinity of the electrospun PCL/TiNTcomposite fibres increased because of the large specific surface area of TiNT. The thermal stability of the PCL/TiNT electrospun composite fibres increased due to the formation of crosslinking structure after UV irradiation. The SEM analysis suggests that after UV radiation the fibres showed high degree of degradation due to the high number of fibres breakages and fibres surface voids. The results of FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that the TiO2 particles enhance the degradation process because of their photocatalytic activity.


Despite significant advances in perinatal and neonatal care, intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH)—bleeding from blood vessels within the germinal matrix of the developing brain into the ventricular system—continues to affect 15%–20% of very preterm neonates and 45% of those born extremely preterm (EP).1 More than half of very preterm neonates will exhibit neurodevelopmental challenges as a consequence of IVH that range widely in severity across motor and cognitive domains.2 Such disabilities place a significant toll on affected children and their families, as well as on the education and healthcare system, highlighting the need for timely interventions in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and beyond.

The study reported by Hollebrandse et al 3 assesses the relationship between IVH and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 8 years of age in children born EP, using a population-based sample of 546 EP neonates and 679 matched term-born controls. This cohort is distinguished by remarkably high follow-up rates from three different timepoints. In their study, Hollebrandse et al raise three critical issues in the investigation of the impact of IVH on neurodevelopmental outcomes. First is the importance of the age at which neurodevelopmental assessment occurs and its implications to understanding the long-term impacts of IVH. Second is the extent to which different grades of IVH contribute to the spectrum of neurodevelopmental outcomes. Third is identifying interventions within NICU practice and postdischarge that can help mitigate the adverse impacts of IVH with attention to the timepoints at which these therapies are most supportive of neurodevelopmental outcomes.

The age at which neurodevelopmental …


The utility model discloses an active rear wheel steering device and a control system of the active rear wheel steering device. The active rear wheel steering device comprises a torque amplification device assembly, a rear wheel steering system assembly, a steering knuckle and a wheel system assembly. The steering knuckle is fixed on a motor shaft of a hub motor of the wheel system assembly. A steering pull rod of the rear wheel steering system assembly is connected with a steering trapezoidal arm of the steering knuckle. A support of the lower end of the torque amplification device assembly is connected with a steering transmission shaft of the rear wheel steering system. The active rear wheel steering device is applied to an electric automobile adopting the hub motor for independent driving, and the torque amplification device assembly can amplify steering torque of a rear wheel, so that the active rear wheel steering device adapts to occasions with the steering difficulty; meanwhile, an electric control unit can assist in steering the rear wheel by adjusting differential of the hub motor of the rear wheel.


The invention discloses beautifying skin-moistening five-cereal health maintaining powder. The raw powder comprises, by weight, the components of 70-80 parts of mung beans, 8-15 parts of walnuts, 42-55 parts of black sesames, 100 parts of Chinese yam, 20-30 parts of lotus seeds, 24-33 parts of red dates, 22-30 parts of almonds, 90-110 parts of Poria cocos and 105-120 parts of black rice. According to the beautifying skin-moistening five-cereal health maintaining powder, raw materials are easy to get, combination is reasonable, and the effects of beautifying, skin moistening, skin nourishing and dryness moistening.


The life and work of Waldemar M. Haffkine are drawn upon the background of his times at the turn of the nineteenth century, and in relation to the state of knowledge which prevailed in the fields of bacteriology, immunology and public health in those days. His formative years in Russia, the early studies on cholera at the Pasteur Institut in Paris, and his subsequent missions to India are portrayed in the light of his own scientific and spiritual aspirations and through the elements of chance and challenge which the great pandemics of cholera and plague posed to the dedicated scientific mind. Haffkine's pioneer work in devising methods for active immunization against cholera and plague have earned him the respect and esteem of his peers; and the selfless dedication and perseverance which he showed in his long and arduous field campaign of vaccination among the vast populations of the Indian subcontinent gained him their trust, their love and admiration.


Modern American families take many shapes, and financial educators must meet the needs of diverse family structures, including extended families. Extended family households have increased since the recent recession, and additional family members can be both a source of support and a burden to the household. This article reviews the literature on extended and shared households and their impact on individuals' financial behaviors. The article explains the types of extended and shared households, informal and formal support relationships, family financial socialization, and subgroup idiosyncrasies. The article concludes with implications and suggestions for financial educators and researchers.


THE last reported case of human botulism in Australia occurred in 1963, when a patient died in Victoria after eating home-preserved cantaloup (Bennett and Stevenson, 1964). Only two other outbreaks have been described in this coun.ry, In 1942, 31 cases with eight deaths occurred amongst allied troops in two widely separated areas of Northern Australia, and were attributed to commercially canned beetroot (Gray, 1948). Another outbreak, attributed to bottled beetroot and involving 15 patients with no fatalities, occurred in New South Wales in 1957 (Department of Public Health, 1957).


A water-mediated and catalyst-free simple protocol for easily accessing a huge array of pharmaceutically interesting and diversely functionalized 5-alkyl/aryl/heteroaryl-10-alkyl/aryl-2,8-dioxo/dithioxo-9,10-dihydropyrido[2,3-d:6,5-d′]dipyrimidine-4,6(1H,3H,5H,7H)-dione derivatives 4 (4-1–4-42) and 5,5′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(10-alkyl/aryl-2,8-dioxo/dithioxo-9,10-dihydropyrido[2,3-d:6,5-d′]dipyrimidine-4,6(1H,3H,5H,7H)-dione) 4′ (4′-1–4′-8) has been developed based on a one-pot multicomponent reaction between barbituric/N,N-dimethylbarbituric/2-thiobarbituric acids (1), substituted amines (2), and aldehydes (3) under ambient conditions. The salient features of this protocol are the clean reaction profile, use of no added catalyst, water as reaction media, mild reaction conditions at room temperature, energy-efficiency, easy isolation of products, no need of column chromatographic purification, high atom-economy and low E-factor, good to excellent yields, and reusability of reaction media.


Recent studies indicate that peptide YY (PYY) influences satiety, but the role of PYY as a physiological regulator of satiety is under debate. This study was designed to compare the effects of ileal brake activation through ileal fat perfusion (endogenous PYY) versus exogenous PYY infusion on satiety and proximal gastric motor function. Two protocols were performed in both fasting and postprandial states. Protocol 1: ileal fat perfusion versus saline (control). Protocol 2: intravenous PYY 3-36 infusion at low and high doses of 15 and 30 pM/kg/hr vs. placebo. Plasma PYY (RIA), satiety scores and proximal gastric motility (barostat) were measured. Results: Ileal fat significantly (p<0.05) increased plasma PYY from 15 ± 1 to 26 ± 2 pM. During PYY infusion plasma levels of 28 ± 3 pM (low dose) and 55 ± 10 pM (high dose) were reached. Both in the fasting and postprandial state ileal fat induced satiety (p<0.05) in contrast to PYY 3-36 . Fasting gastric volume (barostat) increased significantly (p<0.01) in response to ileal fat (from 150 ± 14 ml to 433 ± 54 ml) but not in response to PYY 3-36 infusion. In all experiments meal ingestion resulted in identical increments in proximal gastric volume. Only ileal fat, not PYY 3-36 significantly (p (cid:2) 0.01) enhanced postprandial gastric relaxation. Conclusions: Ileal fat induces satiety and results in proximal gastric relaxation, in contrast to exogenous PYY 3-36 at identical plasma levels. These data do not support a role for PYY as a physiological mediator in ileal brake induced satiety or ileal brake induced proximal gastric relaxation.


Perioperative hypothermia is an under-reported, yet well recognized complication of surgery. Normal thermoregulatory mechanisms are disrupted in anesthetized patients. Up to 70% of surgical patients develop perioperative hypothermia, with serious consequences including coagulopathy, sepsis and cardiac events.

 In this single centre study, we collected prospective data from 100 elective operations in urology, gynaecology, general and breast surgery. The pre-operative, pre-induction, intraoperative, post-procedure and in recovery temperatures (in Celsius) were recorded. Any temperature below the 36°C was regarded as hypothermia and the total incidence of hypothermia during all the 5 phases were calculated.

 Incidences of hypothermia in pre-operative, pre-induction, intraoperative, post-procedure and in-recovery were 4 %, 5%, 12 %, 11 %, 8 % and 6 % respectively. Multiple regression analysis of pre-operative, pre-induction and intra-operative temperatures resulted in a p value of 0.237 for pre-operative temperature and 0.000032577 for pre-induction temperatures respectively. This suggests that pre-induction temperature was the most statistically significant parameter for intra-operative hypothermia. Furthermore, regression analysis predicted the intra-operative temperature for a given pre-induction temperature. Regression analysis line fit plot between preinduction and intra-operative temperatures predicted that for intraoperative temperature to be 36.74 °C, mean preinduction temperature is to be raised to 37.2 °C.

 This study highlights the incidence of intraoperative hypothermia and need for active interventions to prevent the same. It paves the way for a single blinded randomized controlled trial for comparing different modalities to pre-warm patients and prevent intraoperative hypothermia.


In this paper, in order to get the better identification of motion and shape parameters of a plane dynamics, that is, in order to reduce the parameter ambiguity in the case of when we use only vision as the observation data, we now consider that we apply the laser range finder data with vision using both of a single laser range finder and a single CCD camera mounted on a mobile robot platform. The reason why we use the laser range finder is that it makes a line on the moving plane along a horizontal laser plane. Namely the laser range finder observes a cross section of the plane as a line. This line changes as the plane moves. We can add a line information for the identification problem. We show that when we use the laser range finder data with vision as the observation data the dimension of the parameter ambiguity in the only vision case can be reduced. Further, we introduce a suitable canonical form in order to identify orbits of the underlying a suitable subgroup of perspective group.


We use classical molecular dynamics simulations to generate topologically different models of vitreous 2D silica, all of which are subjected to quasi‐static tensile loading until fracture occurs. We demonstrate the effects of structural disorder on the material behaviour of 2D silica. For each sample, we determine the network structure by identifying the relative count of single rings and so‐called ring triplets each of which composed of three adjacent rings that share a common corner. In each sample, we spatially detect the first local atomic‐scale rearrangement during deformation and correlate it to the ring triplet involved.


Current primary prevention strategies in cardiovascular (CV) disease focus on initiating preventive interventions in people at high 10-year risk of CV mortality. However, initiating such strategies should be beneficial not only in the first 10 years, but throughout life. Established risk algorithms estimate the risk of 10-year CV mortality, but limited evidence is available about the relationship between 10-year and longer-term CV mortality.

 To compare cumulative incidence of CV mortality in a population cohort at 10- and 20-years follow-up, stratified by sex.

 We analysed CV mortality at 10-years and 20-years follow-up using Kaplan-Meier estimates among men and women aged 39–70 years without baseline CV disease or diabetes mellitus in the large, prospective population-based EPIC-Norfolk cohort. CV mortality included death with as underlying or contributing cause ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease or peripheral artery disease.

 We analysed data from 20,453 participants (56% women), with a mean age of 56±8 years, and median (IQR) follow-up of 22 (21–23) years. At baseline, there were no clinically relevant differences in CV risk factors between men and women. Overall cumulative CV mortality rate was 1.9% (384 deaths) in the first 10 years, and 7.3% (995 deaths) at 20 years follow-up (ratio 3.8). Among men, 10-year CV mortality was 2.9% (249 deaths), and 9.6% (785 deaths) at 20 years follow-up (ratio 3.3). Among women, CV mortality was 1.2% (135 deaths) at 10 year and 5.5% (594 deaths) at 20 years follow-up (ratio 4.6).

 We observed an incremental increase in CV mortality beyond the 10-year scope of current established CV risk algorithms. At 20 years follow-up, CV mortality rates were 3–5 times higher compared with the first decade, indicating that 20-year CV mortality risk for both men and women cannot simply be estimated based on extrapolation of 10-year risk.

 Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): EPIC-Norfolk is supported by programme grants from the Medical Research Council UK (MRC G0401527, MRC G0701863, MRC G1000143) and Cancer Research UK (CRUK 8257).


OBJECTIVE To compare adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) between low-risk and high-risk serum quadruple test for aneuploidy screening. METHODS This cohort design study screened pregnant women who had undergone quad test serum screening in Ratchaburi province, Thailand. The sample of 400 women was divided into two groups, low-risk quad test (n=200) and high-risk quad test (n=200) using random allocation software. Participants were followed up for final outcomes and compared for APOs. The data were analyzed using binary logistic regression analysis and risk ratios. RESULTS Of a total of 1,891 pregnant women, 206 (10.8%) had APOs. Of the women with APOs, 92 (46%) had high-risk quad test results and 32 (16%) were in the low-risk quad test group. The incidence of preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and chromosome abnormality in the high-risk quad test group were all statistically significantly higher in the high-risk quad test group than in the low-risk quad test group (p = 0.013, 0.001, 0.043 respectively). The high-risk quad test group also had a higher incidence of preterm birth, abortion, gestational diabetic mellitus in high-risk quad test group, but the differences were non-statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS High-risk serum quad test results can help predict the risk of APOs such as preeclampsia, IUGR and chromosome abnormality. KEYWORDS quad test, maternal serum marker, adverse pregnancy outcome


The following contribution deals with carbide composite powders. These composite powders were made by the SHS-process. The present work is a result of a co-operation between the Institute for Powder Metallurgy Minsk (PMI) and the Department of Composites and Surface Technology at the Chemnitz University of Technology (TUC). The main aspect of this research activity is the improvement of the wear protection due to the deposition of the composite coatings. Paper text in German.


In The Insight Discipline: Crafting New Marketplace Understanding That Makes a Difference, Liam Fahey delivers on the promise of the title of his definitive work on how organizations can get much better at gaining marketplace insights and using them to drive better decisions. He offers a spirited blend of exhortation, well-tested processes for extracting insights and testing them for relevance, plus guidance on how to unlock creativity and build the needed sensing capabilities.


The invention relates to a method and a device for accepting and further processing flexible flat objects. Receiver units (10, 90) for taking over objects (100, 101, 102) are moved past a take-over location (S1, S2) and include an abutment (95) which limits the position of the object (100, 101, 102) which is fed in the feed direction (F). At least one holding element and/or braking element (45) acts in a direct or indirect manner on the objects to be taken over, for realising a defined product position, in particular so that the object (100, 101, 102) does not bend up or rebound from the abutment (95). In one variant, the holding element and/or braking element (45) brakes the object (100, 101, 102) by way of direct friction. In another variant, the object (100, 101, 102) to be taken over transmits its momentum onto an object (100, 101, 102) which is already held in the receiver unit (10, 90) by way of the holding element and/or braking element, and is braked by way of this.


Introduction Air Resources Board (ARB/Board) staff will conduct a technical feasibility analysis of its proposed regulation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, consistent with achieving a 33% renewable electricity standard (RES) by 2020. The analysis will be conducted in cooperation with the California Energy Commission (CEC), the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC), and the California Independent System Operator (CAISO).


The aim of this project was to improve the filtering and modeling of PET data, to better handle the high noise level present in such data. It should lessen the artifacts of conventional volume-based spatial filtering with a Gaussian kernel. The focus was on the cerebral cortex due to its highly-folded and thin structure, which makes it particularly unsuited for the conventional approach to filtering. A surface-based approach was developed, which took the highly folded intrinsic geometry of cerebral cortex into account in the filtering and modeling by the multilinear reference tissue method MRTM2. A surface representation of the cerebral cortex was obtained by the software package FreeSurfer. By smoothing across the surface of the cortical layer the data was less affected by edge artifacts, as the smoothing is done between more functionally connected regions with similar neuronal density. The approach was contrasted with the conventional volumebased approach with good results. In addition, the surface-based statistical tools of FreeSurfer for group analysis between brains was evaluated with the use of this model. Furthermore, a Bayesian framework was used to directly incorporate the data filtering into the mathematical model. This model was based on MRTM2 and assumed that close regions have similar parameters and regularized the data on this assumption. This model was shown to handle high levels of noise better than the ordinary surface-based approach, while at the same time retaining a higher resolution and detail. In addition, it resulted in a higher repeatability between scans on a vertex level in a test-retest setting. Furthermore, attempts were made to treat the data in a fully Bayesian approach by including optimization of the hyperparameters of the model. keywords: positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, multimodality, FreeSurfer, Bayesian modeling, regularization, cerebral cortex, MRTM2, serotonin transporter, reference tissue.


A perturbation theory modification of the Flory-Huggins polymer solution theory is presented. The proposed perturbation equation utilizes the results by Tukur et al [J. Chem. Phys. 110 (7), 3463, 1999] for hard-sphere binary mixture at infinite size ratio. The resulting perturbation theory equations are used to predict properties of three different polymers with different molecular weights in different solvents. Comparison of the proposed perturbation calculations with those of the Flory-Huggins theory and the experimental data indicate that the proposed perturbation method appreciably improves prediction of polymer solution properties especially at large polymer / solvent size ratios.


Calliphora maritima, C. forresri and C. gilesi from southern Australia are described as new. They belong to a group of blowflies that have the abdominal dorsum mottled gold, or checkering from gold to olive or brown, according to the angle of viewing, and have legs chiefly yellow to brown, but never entirely black. These 'golden blowflies' are readily recognised as such, even in the field, but, pending refinement of taxonomic subdivision, are here assigned only to the broad genus Calliphora Robineau-Desvoidy. A key is given for the identification of described species of 'golden blowflies'.


Economic benefits that arise from conservation farming practices need to be assessed over several years to account for improvements in soil structure and nutrient levels. A gross margin model was used to assess benefits over the eight-year period 1999-2006 for 12 regions in the central west of NSW. The annual benefits from improved soil structure ranged from $2.46 to $12.82 per hectare (ha). A reduction in tractor power produced annual savings in the range of $0.60 to $4.05 per ha. The cost of soil compaction by livestock grazing on crop areas ranged from $3.41 to $14.90 per ha. The break-even time to pay back costs for the conversion of machinery for no-till seeding was two to three seasons.


Aimed at the lack of systematic application pattern of residential area design in cold city,the paper offers an earlier period housing design system involving problems of architectural planning that should be subjected to consideration.Scientific system and analysis of economic indicator,style,functional arrangement and features of housing type etc,and architectural planning methods such as writing the project scheme,scale character,aim orientation,whole style orientation,household type orientation and related supplemental facility orientation etc are realized by studying simple and convenient application methods.This method can be applied to use in residential area design extensively.


This volume presents a new systematic approach to the archaeological recording and documentation of rock art developed to analyse the spatial and temporal structure of complex rock art panels. Focusing on the ceiling art at Nawarla Gabarnmang, one of the richest rock art sites in Arnhem Land the approach utilised DStretch-enhanced photographs to record 1391 motifs from 42 separate art panels across the ceiling. Harris Matrices were then built to show the sequence of superimpositions for each art panel. Using common attributes, including features identified by Morellian Method (a Fine Art method not previously employed in archaeological rock art studies), contemporaneous motifs within panels were then aggregated into individual layers. The art layers of the various panels were then inter-related using the relative and absolute chronological evidence to produce a full relative sequence for the site as a whole. This provided a story of the art that began some 13,000 years ago and concluded around 60 years ago, with a major change identified in the art some 450 years ago. The method was shown to be invaluable to the resolution of many difficult issues associated with the identification of motifs, their superimpositions and the development of art sequences.


Street dance as one of important contents in Hip-Hop culture are popularizing rapidly in world wide.Hip-Hop is spreading in our country resent years.But the theoretical study is far from the development of Hip-Hop.The author introduces the development of Hip-Hop in China,also analyses its actuality,characteristics and functions in body-building.The author wishes giving some useful references for street dance enthusiast and administrators.


Abstract : In this paper, the authors are concerned with the existence of optimal controls for problems. The method depends on introducing another stochastic control problem which is called a 'separated' problem. For several years the question of proving a general theorem about existence of optimal controls in the strict sense has been open. The authors do not obtain such a result here. However, they obtain an existence theorem in which a somewhat wider class of control processes is admitted.


The space coherent laser communication is a very potential and attractive mean as it allows higher speed communication between satellites. The space coherent laser communication makes use of local oscillator laser power to improve the power of received optical signal by mixing local oscillator laser and optical signal together. However, the power of the local laser oscillator can not be increased infinitely, too large but reduces the detection sensitivity. In this paper, starting from the principle of the signal-to-noise ratio of the space coherent laser communication, we found the optimum local oscillator laser power was 28.174mw, under the condition of the selected photodetector specific parameters. It is a great significant for high detection sensitivity and low data error of the actual coherent detection system.


The development of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents has revolutionized the treatment of hepatitis C infection. Previously the only option for patients was combination therapy with interferon and ribavirin for up to 1 year, which at best resulted in a 50% sustained virological response (SVR) rate. DAA agents for hepatitis C virus (HCV) include NS3 protease inhibitors, NS5a inhibitors, and NS5b polymerase inhibitors, which are designed to inhibit viral replication by different mechanisms. Combinations of these agents have resulted in SVR rates of more than 95% across all genotypes with durations of therapies ranging from 8 to 24 weeks. This has also allowed clinicians to treat HCV populations who were previously either intolerant of or had contraindications to interferon and ribavirin. Interferon and ribavirin were associated with minimal drug-drug interactions (DDIs). DAAs have the potential for clinically important DDIs, which become more relevant given the significantly larger numbers of patients who have complex medical comorbidities who are now potential candidates for HCV treatment. As such, dose adjustment of medications and changes in dosing schedule may be required in such circumstances. A recent publication highlighted these issues when the authors determined that up to 44% of their cohort of 449 patients had potential DDIs that needed to be taken into consideration.


This article describes a microcomputer-based laboratory for an undergraduate course in Research Methodology. Hardware and software requirements for setting up the laboratory are discussed.


Since Chinese revolution started in a semi colonial and semi feudalism society, it required that the Chinese communist party members leading the revolution should adhere to the principle of combining Marxist theory with practical situation of Chinese revolution to explore the characteristics of Chinese revolution. This paper describes the history and basic experience about the problems in Chinese revolution based on history and formation of "two stage" theory and the transition from democratic revolution to socialist revolution.


Freezing fringe is a very thin transition zone between the unfrozen zone and the frozen zone,and water coexists with ice. After the freezing fringe was defined,and verified by experiment,the second frostheaving theory based on the freezing fringe developed rapidly because of its special location in the freezing soil and its importance for the frost heaving. By reviewing recent research of freezing fringe and water-ice pressure relation in freezing fringe,we found that many parameters about freezing fringe were almost from experience due to the limited observation and test technologies. It is found that multiply discontinuous ice-lens layers can be formed during freezing when the temperature gradients are small. Frost heaving caused by segregated ice lens can be understood more deeply by analyzing the characteristics of freezing fringe. However,there are many criterions for the formation of segregated ice lens,which can be mainly divided into two categories: one is determined by thermophysics; another is by mechanics. In this paper,through analyzing and comparing various criterions,we find that it is more reasonable by using ice pressure or unfrozen water interface stress to determine the formation of segregated ice lens,and not clear by using pore pressure because of the controversial concept of hydraulic pressure. This will provide a scientific reference for the study of frost heaving theory.


The test sample in the core drill is a hard concrete test (ASTM C-39) method by taking samples of concrete cylinders from areas of compressive strength is doubtful. Sampling is done by drill tool which drill is in the form of "pipe" from diamond, so that the concrete sample is obtained in the form of cylinder. Building made of concrete construction, it must be required corresponding the required strength through planning determined by testing the quality of concrete on the job mix SNI test standard, but in the process of concreting that does not be corresponding the method and the conditions that must be obeyed often results in strength the concrete construction that has been built does not achieve the desired strength. When the existing concrete building strength checks are carried out, it is necessary to evaluate how much the error or the difference in the results of the test on the concrete quality of the planning and quality of hard concrete that is ready to be built. For this reason, one of the hard concrete strength tests is done by using the core drill method.


AIM: This study aims to determine the determinants associated with the productivity of women of childbearing age in North Sulawesi Province.
METHODS: The research design used is an analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. This research uses the raw data of the North Sulawesi Province Program Performance and Accountability Survey (SKAP) of 2019. The sample of this study was all women of childbearing age (15–49 years), married and unmarried in North Sulawesi Province based on the SKAP raw data of 2019, totaling 1454 women of childbearing age. The variables in this study consisted of independent and dependent variables. The independent variables in this study were age, education, marital status, the ideal number of children, decision using contraception, age at first sexual intercourse, and contraceptive use in women of childbearing age.
RESULTS: Fertility with >2 children is 349 people (24.01%). There is a significant relationship between age, education, marital status, ideal number of children, the decision to use contraception, age at first sexual intercourse, and use of contraception on fertility with p < 0.05. The multivariate test showed that ideal children (odds ratio [OR] 5.555), age (OR 5.619), age at first sexual intercourse (OR 9,486), and use of contraception (OR 0.450).
CONCLUSION: The age of sexual intercourse had the most significant influence on the fertility of women of childbearing age with an OR of 9.486. This indicates that the age at sexual intercourse in women of childbearing age will affect fertility 10 times compared to other variables, namely, the ideal number of children, age, and use of family planning.


This study aims to: knowing the difference the result of learning PPKn students taught with the learning strategy problem-based learning and concept map of learning strategies, knowing the difference result of learning PPKn students who have learning independence high with students who have learning independence is low, determine the interaction between learning strategies and self-regulated learning is affecting the learning outcomes PPKn. This research is experimental research. The population in this research is all students of class V SD Negeri No. 060931 Medan academic year 2020/2021 which consists of two classes. The sample selected by total sampling technique. The instrument used is the questionnaire of independence in student learning and tests the learning outcomes of students. Data obtained from the research instrument were then analyzed using two-way ANAVA on SPSS 23.0 for Windows. The results showed that: There is a significant difference between the result of learning PPKn students taught with the learning strategy of problem-based learning compared with the learning strategies concept map (Fcount = 23,476 and the value of sig. 0,000 < 0,05), the result of learning PPKn students who have learning independence higher compared with students who have to learn independence low (Fcount = 7,673 and the value of sig. Are 0.008 < 0.05), and there is an interaction between learning strategy and self-regulated learning in influencing the result of learning PPKn students (Fcount = 13,003 and the value of sig. 0,001 < 0,05).


Abstract Single gene manipulation allows one to create mutant mammalian organisms that may be useful for genetic dissection of mechanisms underlying brain function and behavior. Alterations in a mutant organism may be directly related to the mutation or due to compensatory mechanisms. Analysis of these responses may reveal molecular organization of the brain. However, the results of several recent molecular neurobiology studies are difficult to interpret since they are flawed by the problems resulting from genetic linkage of and variability in background genes. The behavioral analysis of mutant mice may also be uninterpretable if one ignores species-specific characteristics of the experimental animals.


Abstract Various standard terminologies in medical field are composed in dividually to different structure. Therefore, information on crosswalking between the termino logies is needed to combine and use the terminologies. Lots of mapping tools have been developed and used to create the information. However, since those tools deal with specific terminologies, the information is restrictly created. To overcome this problem, some tools have been developed, which perform mapping tasks by com-posing various terminologies. However, the tools also have diff iculty of composing automatically the terminologies because the terminologies have different structures. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method for composing and using the terminologies in the developed mapping system with keeping the original structure of the terminologies. In the proposed method, additional terminologies could be added on the mapping system and used by making metadata involving in-formation on location and structure of the terminologies. And t he mapping system could cope flexibly with the changes of the structure or context of the terminologies. Moreover, var ious types of mapping informat ion could be defined and cre-ated in the system because mapping data are constructed as trip lets in ontology. Therefore, the mapping data can be transformed and distributed in different formats such as OWL, R DF, and Excel. Finally, we confirmed the usefulness of the mapping system based on the proposed method through the experiments about creating mapping data.Key Words : Standard medical terminology, Mapping system, Ontology, SNOMED-CT, ICD, NANDA, NIC, NOC


This ecumenically minded article explores Wesley's understanding of grace both in its relation to experience – inward religion – and in relation to his doctrines of justification and sanctification. Wesley's treatments of justification and sanctification are compared to those of Luther, Calvin and Trent. His unique and ecumenical blending of traditions allowed Wesley to develop a doctrine of grace which offers significant resources to contemporary understandings of Christian life and practice.


Through the course of implementing manufacturing operation information system by an aircraft MRO enterprise, and from the angle of manufacturing operation's BPR, this paper researches the implementation strategy and method of information system in aircraft MRO enterprises, and probes into the value and functions of information system to production process of enterprises.


We consider the problem of minimizing communication with off-chip memory and composition of multiple linear algebra kernels in iterative solvers for solving large-scale eigenvalue problems and linear systems of equations. While GPUs may offer higher throughput for individual kernels, overall application performance is limited by the inability to support on-chip sharing of data across kernels. In this paper, we show that higher on-chip memory capacity and superior on-chip communication bandwidth enables FPGAs to better support the composition of a sequence of kernels within these iterative solvers. We present a time-multiplexed FPGA architecture which exploits the on-chip capacity to store dependencies between kernels and high communication bandwidth to move data. We propose a resource-constrained framework to select the optimal value of an algorithmic parameter which provides the tradeoff between communication and computation cost for a particular FPGA. Using the Lanczos Method as a case study, we show how to minimize communication on FPGAs by this tight algorithm-architecture interaction and get superior performance over GPU despite of its ~5x larger off-chip memory bandwidth and ~2x greater peak singleprecision floating-point performance.


Cultural and creative industries are gaining importance in Western economies. In these industries, as in several other business sectors, micro‐firms, i.e., firms that employ fewer than ten employees, are the predominant firm type. As these industries have become an integral part of most economies, the literature has started to explore the strategic behavior of cultural and creative micro‐firms. Although micro‐firms are characterized by certain specificities that can affect how likely they are to engage in external relationships, there is a dearth of knowledge concerning collaboration through strategic alliances in this specific context. Seeking to advance the understanding of partnerships between micro‐firms in cultural and creative industries, the purpose of this article is to reveal the specific motives for engaging in strategic alliances in this context. In doing so, we focus on six case studies of strategic alliances between micro‐firms in cultural and creative industries in France. Our results show that strategic alliances involving creative micro‐firms seek the reduction of overspecialization, target a high degree of quality of life and pleasure at work, and are envisaged only if there is trust and mutual support among the partners. Moreover, opportunism and necessity motivations guide the creative micro‐firms' decision to enter strategic alliances.


Recorded from 2MBS FM; Sydney 1992. Presented by Audrey Manning and arranged by Ida Ferson. Recorded from radio in 1992; difitised on 6 Feb 2013.


Aperture synthesis for passive millimetre wave imaging provides a means to screen people for concealed threats in the extreme near-field configuration of a walk-through portal; a regime where the imager to subject distance is of the order of both the required depth-of-field and the field-of-view. As shown here, the field-of-view in these scenarios is unlimited and the spatial resolution is slightly better than the half-wavelength Abbe microscope resolution. As in this scenario the subject would be surrounded by receiving antennas, all surfaces of the human body will be in focus with high-resolution, even at the low frequencies. For example at a frequency of 22.51 GHz the spatial resolution is in the region of ~ 7 mm. This capability is ideally suited to the aircraft security screening industry. Furthermore, the aperture synthesis imager is well suited to non-cooperate screening at longer ranges, as the antenna arrays may be deployed on almost any available surface. The field-of-view of these systems is likewise unlimited, extending from the near-field to the far-field. The spatial resolution of these systems, as here shown, is in the region of the half-wavelength resolution close to the imager, and slightly better than the Fraunhofer diffraction resolution limit at longer ranges. Therefore, also for the non-cooperate screening scenarios, the subject will always be in focus with the best possible spatial resolution allowed by the physics of imaging.


Primary school teachers are important mediators in terms of creating a positive climate and displaying appropriate behaviors in inclusion classes. The fact that primary school teachers are good observers of the behavior of students in their classrooms is a very important factor in eliminating or preventing problem behaviors. For this reason, it is important to examine the views of teachers working in inclusion education settings on the behavior of students in their classrooms. The purpose of this research is to reveal the opinions of primary school teachers working in inclusion education settings about the behaviors of students with and without disabilities in their classrooms. The study was conducted using phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research methods. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews with primary school teachers working in inclusion settings. The data was analyzed with content analysis, and six themes and 17 sub-themes were found. It was seen that the problem behaviors seen in the inclusion classes were similar to the behaviors seen in the general education classes. According to the findings, most of the teachers did not receive training in problem behaviors. So, courses related to behavior management can be taught in undergraduate programs.


N Over half of the men and just over one-third of the women between 16 and 74 years in Sweden are overweight or obese. N The proportion of obese people has doubled, while the proportion of overweight men has increased by about 30% and of women by about 20% since 1980. N The increase in the proportion of overweight and obese people is occurring among men at all ages and among women aged up to 65 years. N Only among the youngest women, 16–24 years, are there signs that the increase in weight has stopped. N Obesity is much more common among bluecollar workers than among white. It is also very much more common among people with low educational levels than among those with high. N Among women born outside Sweden, particularly from countries outside Europe, obesity is much more common than among women born in Sweden. N The regional differences in body mass index are relatively large in Sweden, and obesity is more common in rural areas than in metropolitan. N Overweight and obesity are less prevalent in Sweden than in many other European countries and in the USA; but the rate of increase is almost as high as in those countries. N To slow down the increase in weight among the population of Sweden, measures are required to reduce the consumption of energy-rich foodstuffs and to increase physical activity.


— We prove an algebraic version of the Oseledec's multiplicative ergodic theorem realized with an explicit Lyapunov cohomology. In the independent case we give a criteria of séparation of the Lyapunov exponents, some sufficient conditions of "Log-integrability" for the cohomology and an expression of the variance in the central limit theorem.


Summary In hereditary angioedema (HAE), normal C1-inhibitor (CI-INH) is low and the contact system aetivated. Recently, the findings of a tissue factor mutant selectively deficient in promoting the conversion of FVII to FVIIa, but with retained cofactor for FVIIa, made it possible to examine reliably the pre-existing content of FVIIa in HAH patients. This was of interest as FXIIa (mainly inhibited by (CI-INH) is able to activate FVII directly. FVIIa in 21 remission HAH patients were within normal limits but nearly doubled as compared to their 23 normal siblings (p = 0.0017). Cold promoted activation of FVII (CPA) (common Clot assay) was displayed in plasma of all 5 untreated patients (CI-INH function <35%), but not in plasma of 2 patients treated prophylactically with danazol (CI-INH function about 40%). These results suggest that there is a minute, yet significant activation of FVII in patients with CI-INH deficiency.


Commercial pools of oil and gas have been found in pre-Jurassuc rocks in many oil-gas regions of West Siberia. Seventy-four pools have now been discovered in Precambrian and Paleozoic rocks. They are grouped in 61 fields: 37 in Tyumen Region, 20 in Tomsk Region 3 in Novosibirsk Region, and 1 in Omsk Region. Age distribution of these pools is: undivided Proterozoic 33, Late Proterozoic - 4, Ordovician-Devonian - 5, Silurian - 3, Lower Devonian - 5, Middle-Upper Devonian - 12, Carboniferous - 4, Upper Carboniferous- Permian - 8. Significant oil accumulations number 24. Most West are in carbonates. Predominant among them are organic, organic-algal, organo-clastic, and chemogenic limestones as well as some that are dolomitized, marmorized, and brecciated. Clayey limestones are also common. Carbonated accounts for 24 percent of all the known pre-Jurassic rocks. Two types are recognized: 1) rocks of various in the part the and Novosibirsk and P in Tyumen Region. In Maloich Novosibirsk the indexed as for


The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of learning use the guided inquiry model with interactive multimedia toward mastery of concept physics students. The study involved 68 students who were divided into two groups, the experimental group and control group. The research instrument used a mastery of concept physics students. Data were analyzed by using normalized gain scores. The  result showed an increase in mastery of concept physics in both groups but experimental have the high increase more than control group. The result indicate that the guided inquiry learning with interactive multimedia is effective in enhancing mastery of concept physics students.


Electrocardiogram (ECG) illustrates the electrical activity in the heart, and is the most important physiological parameter that gives the correct assessment regarding the functioning of the heart. The QRS complex is a prominent waveform in an ECG that gives the basis for analyzing heart rate variability (HRV). HRV is referred as the beat-tobeat alterations in heart rate. Commercial devices these days provide preset computerized measurement of HRV, thus providing the cardiologist a simple tool for both research and clinical learning. For obtaining meaningful data from the ECG, a noise free inter-beat interval (IBI) time series is required to be extracted. This is realized by the use of standard peak detection algorithms. The aim of this paper is to describe the various QRS detection techniques to analyze HRV. In this paper reviews for various time and frequency domain HRV parameters are also included. The significance and meaning of these different measures of HRV are a potential area of research and clinical approaches toward pathological detection. KeywordsHeart rate, Heart Rate Variability HRV, ECG, QRS complex, RR interval, IBI.


The control of a pH process is complex because of severe nonlinearities in its behavior. A continuous pH neutralization process is usually represented as a first-order plus dead time system, but its gain varies for different operating points. Therefore, a conventional linear controller cannot be used, and the pH system was thus represented as a linear state-space model around an equilibrium point. This linear model was then used to compute the PID controller gains using robust and optimization techniques like quantitative feedback theory, bacterial foraging technique-based particle swarm optimization algorithm, and genetic algorithm. The corresponding controller gains resulting from the three algorithms were used to control the pH using a reconfigurable I/O device, NI myRIO-1900. Finally, the output time domain specifications and the servo and regulatory responses, resulting from the three algorithms, were compared in simulation and in real-time to deduce the appropriate tuning algorithm for this system.


Groundwater level decline, pollution and quality degradation are widely recognized as major emerging problems in many parts of the world. This recognition has not, however, translated into equally wide management responses. The reverse has, in fact, often proved true. In parts of India, groundwater overextraction and quality decline have been recognized since the 1970s (United Nations Development Program, 1976; Bandara, 1977). With a few possible exceptions, little has been done to regulate groundwater extraction or control degradation of the resource base. This is also the case across Latin America and Africa and in countries as diverse as China, Spain and the western USA (Ballester et al., Chapter 6; Masiyandima and Giordano, Chapter 5; Wang et al., Chapter 3; Llamas and Garrido, Chapter 13; and Schlager, Chapter 7, this volume, respect ively). This situation is, in fact, mirrored across much of the globe. This chapter argues that the lack of progress in implementing conventional management responses to groundwater problems reflects a combination of technical, social, behavioural and organizational limitations that are inherent features in most contexts. Such limitations are often compounded by the growth of competing demands and social 'conflict' over access to the resource and the manner in which it is used. In some cases, such conflicts are fundamental, i.e. one set of objectives or uses cannot be satisfied unless other sets of objectives and uses are modified in fundamental ways. Recognizing the importance of an emerging problem or the 'need' for management does not change the fundamental nature of the limitations or reduce the inherent nature of some conflicts. As a result, whatever the 'need' for management, alternative


Two previous papers [Mirats et al. (2002a) "On the selection of variables for Qualitative Modelling of Dynamical Systems", International Journal of General Systems 31(5) pp. 435–467; Mirats et al. (2002b) "Variable selection procedures and efficient suboptimal mask search algorithms in Fuzzy Inductive Reasoning", International Journal of General Systems 31(5), pp. 469–498] were devoted to the selection of a set of variables that can best be used to model (reconstruct) a given output variable, whereby only static relations were analysed. Yet even after reducing the set of variables in this fashion, the number of remaining variables may still be formidable for large-scale systems. The present paper aims at tackling this problem by discovering substructures within the whole set of the system variables. Hence whereas previous research dealt with the problem of model reduction by means of reducing the set of variables to be considered for modelling, the present paper focuses on model structuring as a means to ...


In this paper, we estimate the impact of non-cognitive ability on the labor market performance in Korea using Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) data. Non-cognitive ability is measured by 'self-esteem' and 'locus of control' scores. Our findings are as follows. First, the rate of return to education is still estimated to be substantial, but somewhat smaller, when non-cognitive ability is controlled for in the estimation. Specifically, one additional year of college education is estimated to raise wages by three to ten percent. Second, the higher one's education, the higher one's self-esteem and the more strongly one believes that he or she is in control of their own life. Third, non-cognitive ability has a significant impact on wages even after controlling for sex, age, education level, tenure, size of the establishment, occupation and industry. The estimated impact of one standard deviation increase on the 'self-esteem' score and on the 'locus of control' score are comparable to that of 1.5 years and 0.5 years of college education, respectively. Accordingly, the contents as well as the methodologies of general education need to be reconsidered to foster the non-cognitive abilities of the students.


In this study, an integrated pressure and temperature sensor device for a flexible endoscope with long-term stability in in vivo environments was developed and demonstrated. The sensor, which is embedded in the thin wall of the disposable endoscope hood, is intended for use in endoscopic surgery. The device surface is coated with a Cr layer to prevent photoelectronic generation induced by the strong light of the endoscope. The integrated temperature sensor allows compensation for the effect of the temperature drift on a pressure signal. The fabricated device pressure resolution is 0.4 mmHg; the corresponding pressure error is 3.2 mmHg. The packaged device was used in a surgical simulation in an animal experiment. Pressure and temperature monitoring was achieved even in a pH 1 acid solution. The device enables intraluminal pressure and temperature measurements of the stomach, which facilitate the maintenance of internal stomach conditions. The applicability of the sensor was successfully demonstrated in animal experiments.


The mass flow rate of a rarefied gas through a long channel with a rectangular cross section has been calculated based on the model kinetic equation for the whole range of the Knudsen number and in the wide range of the height-to-width ratio. First, the reduced flow rate through a cross section has been calculated as a function of the local rarefaction parameter assuming the pressure gradient to be small. A criterion of the lateral wall influence on the flow rate has been given. Then, the mass flow rate has been calculated as a function of the rarefaction parameters on the channel ends. The last result is obtained for any pressure ratio even if the flow varies along the channel from the hydrodynamic regime to the free molecular one.


To the Editor : In their comparison of the CIS-R and CIDI lay diagnostic interviews for anxiety and depressive disorders with reference to the clinicianadministered SCAN in 105 attendees at one primary-care practice Jordanova and colleagues (2004) devote almost all of their discussion to comments on what, in our opinion, is our quite different comparison of these instruments in 205 geographically sampled community subjects (Brugha et al. 1999a, 2001) ; they argue that we may have been unduly pessimistic in our view that neither lay diagnostic interview was adequately valid for use in population-based research because the design of our study may have led to an underestimate of the true validity of the two lay survey measures. A particular design difference for which our study is criticized is that we erred by excluding 467 householders with low scores on the CIS-R (total scores from 0 to 7; Brugha et al. 1999a), a point also noted earlier by Regier (2000). Using their data restricted to patients with CIS-R scores of 8 or above the CIS-R was shown to have much poorer agreement with SCAN for 'any ICD-10 diagnosis '. They acknowledge that both comparison studies were designed to increase study efficiency, in their study by interviewing primarycare attendees and in ours by excluding low community scorers (CIS-R scores of 0–7) ; they suggest that both studies are, therefore, limited in their generalizability to the general population and that better studies need to be designed and carried out that include random samples of low and high scorers on other screening questionnaires. We concluded that bias due to the absence of data on low scorers in our study was almost certainly small, having carefully conducted sensitivity analyses and considered the literature on community comparisons almost all of which concurred with our findings (Brugha et al. 1999a, b). We note that their criticism was conditional : ' for both the CIDI and the CIS-R, kappas for diagnoses and syndromes were generally similar for the whole sample and the subsample of 26 persons scoring 8 or over on the CIS-R psychiatric morbidity scale. However, where the level of agreement for the whole sample was in the moderate to good range, and the disorder was relatively prevalent, the kappa was dramatically lower for the subgroup of those scoring 8 or over on the CIS-R. ' Thus, their criticism applied to one of many sets of analysis (the difference reported not being statistically significant). We further note that important information on cell frequencies, sensitivity and specificity was not reported for these subgroup analyses. However, we would agree that more general population data ought to be collected and analysed across the full range of mental illness probability in order to further reduce uncertainty; such an opportunity has since arisen from the Second National Household Survey carried out in collaboration with ONS in 2000 (Singleton et al. 2001) in which CIS-R and SCAN data were collected on subsamples stratified with respect to severity of mental disorder (Taub et al. 2005). These community data do permit us to compare agreement within one study in low and high scorers on screening tests in subjects randomly sampled throughout Great Britain. Selection for a clinician interview was based on screening questions for psychosis and for personality disorder (Singleton et al. 2001). Of 612 pairs of community interviews 250 were collected on randomly sampled adults who screened negative and 362 were on screen positives on one or both screening instruments. Chance corrected agreement (Cohen, 1968) for the presence or absence of any anxiety or depressive disorder comparing SCAN and the CIS-R in the whole sample was 0.39 (95% CI 0.29–0.49) ; it was 0.31 (95% CI 0.04–0.58) in respondents who screened negative for psychosis and personality disorder and ranged from Psychological Medicine, 2005, 35, 1089–1091. f 2005 Cambridge University Press Printed in the United Kingdom


The MIP, a micro satellite probe onboard Chandrayaan -1 was designed to impact on moon surface at pre decided location for scientific data collection from close range which was released from Chandrayaan-1 mother ship on 14 th November 2008. This MIP impacted near the moon surface near south-pole after 24 minutes from its release and while descending MIP suffered a composite motions consisting of three fundamental motions viz. spinning, coning and forward translational (velocity). Such descending MIP showed a definite pattern of coverage on moon surface. Therefore in order to monitor and to select future landing site of impact on moon surface the associated component of motion viz.; spinning rate, coning rate, velocity of descend of MIP needs to be calculated and known. In view of this, an attempt has been made here to derive associated parameters of composite motions and attitude of MIP for predicting future impact site of descending probe on moon surface from the orbiting space craft using the time sequential images acquired by the descending MIP and the algorithm developed under MATLAB after Srivastava et. al. 2011.


.. Runway incursions are a persistent problem in airport ground-movement operations. Numerous critical conflicts and several fatal accidents have occurred as a result of unauthorized or otherwise inappropriate entry of aircra& or surface vehicles onto an active runway. Many of these conflicts developed quickly, leaving little time for effective intervention by either the controller or the pilots involved. A reliable system of automatic runway-status lights would be an 'effective way to prevent such time-critical incursions. The runway-status light '·'system (RSLS) at Boston's Logan International Airport is an off-line proof-of'concept technology-demonstration system designed to show that automatically operated runway-status lights can promptly and reliably transmit runway-status information to pilots and surface-vehicle operators, thereby preventing unsafe runway entry or unsafe takeoff. •' ,The demonstration system does not include actual lights on the airport ,s~ce but has relied instead on an illuminated airport model board, which has allowed system development to proceed in a realistic operating environment of live airport traffic without interfering with airport operations. The results of an "'initial proof-of-concept assessment indicate that the system performs well, even though it is an early prototype. Missed-detection and false-alarm rates are low; " and interference with normal airport operations promises to be negligible. The d,emonstration has shown the techriical feasibility of a system of automatic ,runway-status lights. A'' S AIR TRAFFIC CONTINUES to increase, traffic ", loads at major airports are expected to grow , proportionally, placing an increasingly heavy burden on the tower controllers who must expedite the movement of this traffic safely and efficiently. Dangerous and occasionally fatal runway conflicts have occurred in the past. Many of these conflicts developed quickly, leaving little time for effective intervention by either the controller or the pilots involved. Some of these conflicts are described in this issue in the article by Harald Wilhelmsen entitled "Preventing Runway Conflicts: The Role of Airport Surveillance, Tower-Cab Alerts, and Runway-Status Lights." Although surface safety at most of the world's major airports is exemplary, the important task ofmaintaining and improving safety in the face of increased surface congestion requires continuing effort. A system of automatic runway-status lights has been proposed as a means of preventing time-critical runway conflicts by indicating runway status to pilots and surface-vehicle operators [1]. These lights would tell pilots when conditions are unsafe for takeoff, and tell both pilots and surface-vehicle operators when a runway is unsafe to enter. Such a warning system, operating continuously, automatically, and promptly without human intervention, represents a last line of


Along with Chinese reform and open-up and the development of the diversified income,the margin of country's income allotment extends gradually.When the planned economy turns to the market economy, the underground economy in China develops fiercely.Through 'Granger causality test' which proves the relationship between income allotment and underground economy,it reveals that China's underground economy and income allotment interact each other.With the further analysis of the related relation,it finds a solution to this current problem as an important mission.


It has been experienced that an event based evaluation system always fails to evaluate the real learning of a student, as it emphasizes on memory based preparation and fails to provide the information on regularity in learning. Further, it is needed to engage students who are less oriented academically in learning and assessed in quick successions so that they are not burdened of preparing too much for the examination that are conducted after a long gap. Hence, it is always advisable to spread the evaluation evenly to entire span of the learning period. In the education system there were some efforts to reduce the period in between the evaluation events and it is successfully reduced to 6 weeks in a semester as of today. Still this period is not providing the continuity in the evaluation as this period also is considerably large. The paper proposes, weekly test as an effevtive tool to reduce the gap between Continuous Internal Evaluations (CIE) and this performance is considered as major component of overall CIE for theory courses. The paper provides the performance improvements in CIE of students in various courses and proves to be a better assessment process.


Abstract. The influence of insulin on lipolysis and glucose metabolism in abdominal adipose tissue was studied in situ with the microdialysis technique during a euglycaemic insulin clamp (1 mUkg‐1 min‐1)in nine cirrhotic patients and 10 controls. The cirrhotic patients displayed a 50% decrease in glucose utilization rate during the clamp (P< 0.001). Dialysate glucose levels decreased similarly by 20–30%, in patients and controls, which in the presence of unchanged local blood flow in the adipose tissue in response to insulin, is at hand with a glucose uptake into the adipocytes of similar magnitude in both groups. Before and during the clamp, the arterial and dialysate levels of glycerol were higher in the patients than in the control subjects (anova P=0.001 and 0.048 in arterial blood and dialysate, respectively). In relative terms, however, insulin induced a 70% reduction of arterial and dialysate glycerol in both groups. The concentrations of lactate and pyruvate in the dialysate and blood increased in a similar way in both groups during hyperinsulinaemia. The results suggest an increased rate of lipolysis in cirrhotic patients. Insulin cannot lower it to normal, although it is still capable of achieving a relative reduction. No explanation was found in the adipose tissue to the insulin resistance to whole‐body glucose utilization that was noted in the patients with cirrhosis.


Trans anal endoscopic microsurgery (TEMS) is a recognized technique for treating benign rectal polyps and early rectal cancer. We report that TEMS is a treatment option for rectal endometriosis [1,2]. A 35 year old otherwise healthy nulliparous lady presented with cyclical dyschezia, chronic pelvic pain, severe dysmenorrhea and rectal bleeding. A diagnosis of complex endometriosis was made and she underwent laparoscopic surgery in 2015. Her symptoms did not resolve and she was re-referred to our unit in 2017. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


1. Spontaneous ventilation is exercise. a. Failure to wean may connote cardiovascular insufficiency. b. Weaning is a cardiovascular stress test. c. Breathing loads both the heart and lungs. 2. Changes in lung volume alter autonomic tone, pulmonary vascular resistance, and at high lung volumes compress the heart in the cardiac fossa in a fashion analogous to cardiac tamponade. a. Low lung volumes increase pulmonary vasomotor tone by stimulating hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. b. High lung volumes increase pulmonary vascular resistance by increasing transpulmonary pressure. 3. Spontaneous inspiration and spontaneous inspiratory efforts decrease intrathoracic pressure. a. Increasing venous return b. Increasing left ventricular afterload 4. Positive pressure ventilation increases intrathoracic pressure. a. Decreasing venous return b. The decrease in venous return is mitigated by the associated increase in intra-abdominal pressure c. Decreasing left ventricular afterload d. Abolishing negative swings in intrathoracic pressure selectively reduces left ventricular (LV) afterload without reducing venous return.


3. When a map, drawing or chart, photographed the photographer "sectioning" the material. It is cust left hand comer of a targe dieet right in equal sections with a sma continued again — beginning below complete. dtp., was part of the material being followed a definite metiidd in omary to begin photoing at the upper ajnd to continue photoing from left to II overlap. If necessary, sectioning is the first row and continuing on until


In recent years a comprehensive suite of gas‐gun particle velocity gauge experiments have been conducted at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Detailed analysis of this data has led to advances in the understanding of the shock to detonation transition in polymer bonded explosives hydrocode simulations of the experiments are frequently used to calibrate reactive‐burn models. In these simulations the gauges are modelled using Lagrangian markers with no physical representation of the gauge package. In contrast the experimental gauge package consists of etched aluminium sandwiched between two sheets of FEP Teflon using an urethane‐based glue. The gauge package is approximately 60 μm thick is positioned between two wedge‐shaped pieces of explosive at an angle of 30 degrees to form a right circular cylinder. This paper investigates with one‐dimensional calculations whether there is a need to include an accurate representation of the gauge package within future hydrocode simulations.


1 Feigenbaum H: Echocardiography. Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger, p 33, 1972 2 Millward DK, Robinson NF, Craig E: Dissecting aortic aneurysm diagnosed by echocardiography in a patient with rupture of the aneurysm into the right atrium. Am J Cardiol 30:427, 1972 3 Nanda NC, Gramiak R, Shah PM : Diagnosis of aortic root dissection by echocardiography. Circulation 48:506, 1973 4 Kronzon I, Mehta SS: Aortic root dissection. Chest 65:88, 1974 5 Yuste P, Aza V, Minguez I, et al: Dissecting aortic aneu rysm diagnosed by echocardiography. A preand post


Practical random number generation (RNG) circuits are typically achieved with analog devices or digital approaches. Digital-based techniques, which use field programmable gate array (FPGA) and graphics processing units (GPU) etc. usually have better performances than analog methods as they are programmable, efficient and robust. However, digital realizations suffer from the effect of finite precision. Accordingly, the generated random numbers (RNs) are actually periodic instead of being real random. To tackle this limitation, in this paper we propose a novel digital-analog hybrid scheme that employs the digital unit as the main body, and minimum analog devices to generate physical RNs. Moreover, the possibility of realizing the proposed scheme with only one memory element is discussed. Without loss of generality, we use the capacitor and the memristor along with FPGA to construct the proposed hybrid system, and a chaotic true random number generator (TRNG) circuit is realized, producing physical RNs at a ...


Authors in both clinical and medical education journals are expressing significant concern about medical students' failure to incorporate healing (i.e., holistic care and humanism) into their physician identity. In response, medical educators have developed and implemented longitudinal courses focused on promoting humanism. Although these courses are generally appreciated by students, they are perceived as isolated educational modules that are unaligned with, and peripheral to, the 'core' undergraduate curriculum (which continues to be organised around basic science concepts and body systems). As such, they do not appear to successfully help students integrate healing into their developing professional identities. This begs the question: why is healing, a construct so seemingly fundamental to the practice of medicine, so difficult to meaningfully integrate into the teaching of medicine?


Dr. McKetta feels that the U.S., which has consistently failed to face up to the energy situation, faces serious and painful disruptions by 1985 from energy shortages and economic recession unless immediate steps are taken. Predictions of energy supplies have been revised downward for all sources, leaving only coal, oil, and gas in a position to contribute significantly. Dr. McKetta reviews warnings and predictions he has made in the past and offers the following recommendations: (1) concentrate efforts on gas and oil for the rest of this century by increasing domestic production and reserves while alternate sources are developed; this can be accomplished by decontrolling prices to encourage investments and lessen demand; (2) triple the use of coal, which is abundant and accessible; (3) establish reasonable trade-offs between energy efficiency and conservation and the environment; (4) develop a rational but prudent approach to nuclear energy; and (5) establish policies and research efforts to accomplish a goal of energy sufficiency. (DCK)


Teaching is both art and science in solving learning problems and making learners learn happily. The Buddha is the model in good teaching. He started teaching from simple to complex contents. He was praised and recognized as the Great Master or the Great Teacher of human beings and celestial beings. Good teaching can help students understand learning contents through media, activity, measurement and evaluation. Learners have a chance in learning participation and practice.  It is clear that The Lord Buddha encouraged the audience to raise questions and opinions, and then he kindly gave them advice, direction, suggestion and incentive in practice according to their character. This concept can help solve learning problems by focusing on learner-centered method to let the learners participate in teaching and learning process. This concept can be integrated in teaching for students in every level. The teachers have to be open-minded to get feedback from students or others, and then they can learn from one another and self-study. Keyword: The Buddha' Teaching Method, Integration, Learner-center


The interoperability of heterogeneous networks, including hybrid industrial wired/wireless protocols, is a vital aspect of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) since various industrial protocols have coexisted. Therefore, it is hard to obtain a multiple protocol conversion solution with the flexible configuration. Moreover, the previous works do not adapt to the Time Sensitive Networking (TSN), which is considered as the potential technology of IIoT. To tackle the above problems, we proposed an architecture of the multiple conversion system supporting the conversion of multiple protocols. Then, we proposed a protocol conversion mechanism to improve the flexibility of multiple protocol conversion by separating into data and configuration planes. Moreover, we propose a TSN-compatible frame with dynamic priority mapping algorithm, which adjusts the priority in the VLAN tag by the processing delay. Finally, we develop a hardware module and system supporting multiple protocol conversion, which verify that the proposed architecture could satisfy the flexible conversion requirement through the experiments.


Mexican devil [Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M. King & H. Rob.], a globally invasive weed with destructive effects on forests, has spread to numerous countries. To elucidate the inhibition of tree growth by A. adenophora, a study was conducted using the fungi (Lactarius deliciosus, Ceriporia lacerat and Fomitopsis palustris) involved in the recycling of carbon and nutrients in forests. The focus was on investigating soil nitrogen and phosphorus availability, in response to aqueous extracts from uncomposted and aerobically composted A. adenophora (EUA and ECA, respectively). The samples of CA from different sites exhibited a significant reduction in the concentration of allelochemicals 4,7-dimethyl-1-(propan-2-ylidene)-1,4,4a,8a-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6(1H, 7H)-dione and 6-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-3,8-dimethyl-4a,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-2(1H)-one. This reduction more than 94% when compared to the concentration of these allelochemicals in CA. The EUA solutions at 5.0 and 10 mg L-1 (oven-dried plant biomass base) minimized Lactarius deliciosus and Ceriporia lacerate growth, and significantly decreased Fomitopsis palustris growth on the soil surface and within the soil. However, soil with ECA had no effect or promoting effect on the fungal growth. Compared to CK (only fungal inoculation in tested soil), the EUA solution reduced soil nitrogen and phosphorus, while ECA had the opposite effect; soil pH was increased by 0.01-0.08 under EUA treatment, while decreased by 0.5-0.41under ECA treatment. Nitrogen and phosphorus availability were positively correlated with protease and phosphatase activity (r = 0.723-0.944), while available phosphorus was inversely correlated with pH in tested soils (r = -(0.809-0.978)). As such, the EUA solution decreased soil nitrogen and phosphorus supplies by inhibiting the liberation of proteases, phosphatases, and protons, which may lead to poor growth or even mortality of three fungal species. The in situ aerobically composted A. adenophora residues left may directly supply fungal specie with nutrients and indirectly increase soil nutrient availability via the promotion of nitrogen and phosphorus mobilization.


Part 1 Crossroads: our goal will the money last all the way? following the narrow road at the first crossroads post-industrial business selection. Part 2 Development: system development price development distribution development communication development strategy development organization development.


BACKGROUND Patch testing remains the gold standard method for the identification of the etiologic agent of allergic contact dermatitis. However, it is a subjective, time-consuming exam whose technique demands special care and which presents some contraindications, which hamper its use. In a recent study, we showed that the proliferation assay can suitably replace patch testing for the diagnosis of chromium allergy, which had been previously demonstrated only for nickel allergy. In this study, we try to refine the method by reducing the incubation period of cultures for lymphocyte proliferation assays in response to chromium. OBJECTIVE Develop an alternative or complementary diagnostic test for chromium allergic contact dermatitis. METHODS We compared the production of 9 cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17 and RANTES) between 18 chromium-allergic patients and 19 controls. RESULTS Chromium increased the production of IFN-y, IL-5, IL-2 and IL-13 in allergic patients, but only IL-2 and especially IL-13 helped discriminate allergic patients from controls. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy found with IL-13 were about 80%. CONCLUSIONS IL-13 and IL-2 detection may be used to diagnose chromium allergy in 2-day cultures. However, in general, the 6-day cultures seem to be superior for this purpose.


A selective off-line preconcentration technique for the V(V) complex with 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol has been developed and successfully applied to the determination of V(V) in an air-borne sample. The target complex was separated from excess reagent using an ODS cartridge and water as the eluent. The complex was then concentrated on another ODS cartridge using tetrabutylammonium bromide and eluted with methanol; the eluate was applied to a one-drop concentration/HPLC. A detection limit as low as (6.05 ± 0.82)x 10^-11 M (5 ppt) was achieved.


Multiphase voltage source inverter drives have recently applied to various industrial applications for variable speed motor drives. Both space-vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) and discontinuous PWM (DPWM) are commonly used modulators. Under the three-phase setting, it is well known that SVPWM is preferred for small modulation indices, whereas DPWM is better for large modulation indices. However, little detailed discussions on multiphase setting are reported. Further, for phase number higher than 5, no explicit instructions on how to select between SVPWM and DPWM to reduce current total harmonics distortion (THD). This study developed a generalised method to select either SVPWM or DPWM under different reference amplitudes and angles. The method can be easily extended to general N-phase settings. Firstly, a generalised expression of PWM harmonic flux which is proportional to current distortion is derived. Second, by selecting the modulator that corresponds to minimum rms harmonic flux for every carrier period, optimal injection pulse-width modulation (OIPWM) is constructed. The theoretical analyses indicate that the harmonics distortion of OIPWM is greatly improved comparing with conventional SVPWM. A five-phase inverter drive built for experiments verifies the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed OIPWM.


The formation of the new optically active C3-symmetrical receptors (S,S,S)-2–4 (Fig. 1), incorporating 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene and 1,3,5-tris(phenylethynyl)benzene platforms as 'floors' and 'ceilings', is described. The tris(phenylethynyl)benzene derivatives 9 and (S,S,S)-10 (Scheme 1) for the three-fold peptide coupling to yield the macrocyclic skeletons (Scheme 2) were prepared starting from 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene by the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction. The optical rotations of the three macrocycles (S,S,S)-2–4, two of which ((S,S,S)-2 and (S,S,S)-3) are constitutional isomers, differ significantly, which is explained by differential twists induced into the macrocyclic skeletons by the leucine spacer in these bridges. 1 : 1 Host–guest complexes of (S,S,S)-2–4 with octyl glucosides (Fig. 3) in CDCl3 are of modest stability (Ka≤270 M−1 at 300 K). In these complexes, the monosaccharides are most probably nesting on one of the H-bonding faces of the receptor rather than being accommodated in the cavity.


In smartphones, sensors are fundamental components to sensing-enabled mobile activities and applications. Mobile applications and websites access the sensors and use them in a variety of ways. Permission is required to access permission-imposed sensors, while users can access no-permission imposed sensors directly without any permission by using the generic sensor application programming interface (API). An attacker targets these sensors and makes smartphones vulnerable at the application and network level. Attackers gain access to sensor information and use it for various purposes like identifying personal identification numbers (PINs) and stealing personal information. This paper presents BPLMSBT, a novel Blockchain-based permission list for mitigating smartphone sensor-based threats by allowing benign users to access sensors through various channels. The permission list contains benign sources with sensor access permissions, while the blacklist contains malicious sources that access the sensors. Blockchain avoids the risks of centralized lists and maintains the list's integrity through the immutability feature. Experimental results indicate that the proposed defence mechanism consumes less overhead and is more efficient. An informal security analysis proved that the BPLMSBT is capable of protecting against various attacks.


In order to research diurnal changes of photosynthesis and determine the main factor(s) limiting the reduction of photosynthetic rate(Pn),comparing the differences of water use efficiency(WUE),yield and its components and so on among three different spring wheat varieties in Qinghai plateau,three cultivars,Humai11,Gaoyuan 437and Qingchun 533,were studied under the field condition.The results showed that Humai 11and Qingchun 533had apparent"noon break"phenomenon; Gaoyuan 437had unapparent"noon break"phenomenon.For all the three varieties,stomatal limitation was the main factor accounting for Pnfalling at noon;non-stomatal limitation was the reason for the reduction of Pnin the afternoon.Gaoyuan437had the biggest daily mean of Pn(14.7μmol·m-2·s-1), and the transpiration rate(Tr,8.3μmol·m-2·s-1),and lower WUE(1.82mg·g-1).Humai11 had the daily mean of Pn14.1μmol·m-2·s-1 and Tr8.1μmol·m-2·s-1,WUE 1.91mg·g-1, which implied that Humai11could make more photosynthetic products with less water.Qingchun 533 had the lowest Pn(13.8μmol·m-2·s-1)and Tr(7.8μmol·m-2·s-1),WUE(1.79mg·g-1).In addition,except for kernel mass per ear,yield and other components was not detected significantly differences among varieties.


Three models of the nematode pharynx are constructed: one with hoop strain only, one with longitudinal strain only and a model proposed by Bennet-Clark (1976). After comparison of the predictions of the models with observations of Enoplus communis it is concluded that the hoop strain model best reflects reality.


A helix traveling wave tube(TWT) with a support rod embedded in a metal block operating at 6–18 GHz is proposed in this paper. The pitch and the radius of the helix are gradually changed or jumped to suppress the second harmonic and obtain high power output. The output power of the high-power helix TWT can be more than 5 kW, except for the sharp decrease at 6 GHz that reaches 3.59 kW.


In this paper, we consider the equation $b(u) - div~a(u,Du) = f$ in a bounded domain with nonlinear boundary conditions of the form $-a(u,Du).\eta \in \beta(x,u)$. We introduce a notion of entropy solution for this problem and prove existence and uniqueness of this solution for general $L^{1}-$data.


The error correction encoding / decoding device and its method of a digital broadcasting transmission and reception system for a dual stream is disclosed. Error correction encoding apparatus, the a randomizing section that the TRS encoding unit for transversal encoding a normal data packet and robust data packet adding a parity packets, data packets and parity packets randomized according to a predetermined pattern, randomized It has a data packet and the RS encoding unit, and a data packet format and a packet separation unit for the parity packet as a normal data and the robust data of data processing, and the packet format to the control unit the control system for adding a parity to the parity packets. Thus, it is possible to provide a robust error-correcting encoding apparatus of the dual-stream digital broadcast transmission system for applying a transversal Reed Solomon encoding. Transversal Reed-Solomon encoding, and the normal data, the robust data


The koi herpesvirus (KHV) disease was designated as a "Specific Disease" in a Japanese law amended on June 30, 2003. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries officially announced the first case of KHV disease in cultured common carp Cyprinus carpio in Japan in early November 2003. At that time, the Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Stations (PFESs), which belong to local government, lacked sufficient equipment and skill required to conduct a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for KHV detection. Therefore, at first, most PCR tests for KHV were carried out at the National Research Institute of Aquaculture (NRIA), Fisheries Research Agency (FRA). The NRIA gave a short training course of PCR for the research staff of PFESs in mid-November. According to the established guideline for the KHV disease, the PFESs now conduct epizootic and routine clinical examinations on diseased fish followed by PCR test to detect viral DNA in the tissues. When there is a positive reaction with the PCR test, the sample is sent to the NRIA for further confirmation by PCR. Virus isolation on the KF-1 cell line is also tried, but confirmatory diagnosis is based on the results of PCR tests. By the end of 2003, the NRIA has accepted 529 individuals of 87 cases to be diagnosed and KHV-infected carp have been found in 23 out of 47 prefectures.


The device has an electromagnetic wave transmission unit (13) and a control unit with a software-controlled micro-processor, that are adapted to be connected to an X-ray generator. A plate (23) and an electromagnetic wave reception unit with a personal computer are adapted to be connected to a radiological image sensor, and cooperate with the transmission and control units to detect positioning defect between the generator and the sensor. The transmission unit has transmission solenoids (120) that are placed in same plane to determine an orientation i.e. angular position, of the sensor.


This is to certify that the thesis titled "Coral Reef Ecosystem of Lakshadweep Archipelago A Biogeochemical Facsimile" is an authentic record of the research work carried out by Anu Gopinath under my supervision and guidance in the Department of Chemical Oceanography, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for PhD degree of Cochin University of Science and Technology and no part of this has been presented before for any degree in any University.


A novel construction of planar one-legged robot is proposed, which, unlike previous one-legged robot with springy legs, consists of three revolute joints, two links and two feet. On some conditions, it can be modeled as a two-degree-of-freedom manipulator. Inspired by our observation of a jumping frog, we design a cyclic gait for this one-legged robot. The gait is divided into four phases. During takeoff only two phases are actively controlled and exerted on the knee joint. The trajectory planning of the four phases is formalised as a problem of optimization subject to several constraints, including the ZMP constraint.


As part of the recent 'therapeutic turn' in education, schools are now commonly seen as a place for mental health guidance and support. This often involves interventions —special curricula of lessons or activities (e.g. counselling sessions), which aim to either prevent mental health problems or manage those that have already started. Running these interventions in schools makes good sense: rates of mental health problems in young people are rising, and large numbers can be reached in this set-ting. However, evidence for the effectiveness of such interventions has been mixed. One way to improve how helpful and useful they are, we argue here, would be to ask young people themselves what they think about these programmes. This involves collecting qualitative data: gathering in-depth information about young people's experiences and opinions, rather than relying solely on numerical data, such as rating scales. The small number of existing published qualitative studies in this area show that many young people do find these interventions helpful, but there are issues that warrant careful attention. For example, some young people can feel worried or vulnerable duringclassroom-basedexercises,andothersdon'tseehowthe interventions are relevant for their own lives. Here, we explore ThisisanopenaccessarticleunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivsLicense,whichpermits this literature and recommend two avenues for future work: ask more young people what they think of existing interven-tions,andgettheminvolvedinthedesignofnewones.Together, this will put young people's voices at the heart of school-based mental health interventions.


ABSTRACT In this article, we show how the phenomenon of self-deception when adequately analyzed, can be incorporated into a predictive processing framework. We describe four strategies by which a subject may become self-deceived to account for typical cases of self-deception. We then argue that the four strategies can be modeled within this framework, under the assumption that a satisfying account of motivation is possible within predictive processing. Finally, we outline how we can ground this assumption by discussing how such a systematic model of motivation may be developed using the distinction between a world-model and a self-model.