Abstract Objective: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) incidence has been increasing among young injection drug users (IDUs). This analysis examined whether the emerging practice of prescription opioid (PO) injection is associated with self-reported HCV among young IDUs. Methods: Young IDUs (n = 162) aged 18–25-years-old who indicated recent misuse of prescription drugs were sampled in New York and Los Angeles during 2009–2011. Participants reported lifetime PO injection history and results from their most recent HCV test as well as demographic characteristics and lifetime drug use. Bivariate analyses examined relationships between covariates and both lifetime PO injection and HCV positivity. Poisson regression examined the associations between lifetime PO injection, HCV positivity, and significant covariates. Results: A majority reported lifetime PO injection (72.2%) and 30.9% self-reported being HCV positive. Lifetime PO injectors were nearly three times more likely to report being HCV positive than non-PO injectors (adjusted incidence rate ratio (AIRR): 2.69, p < 0.05) after controlling for socio-demographic and other drug use variable. Additionally, substituting POs for heroin (AIRR: 2.27, p < 0.05), growing up in a lower social class (AIRR: 1.67, p < 0.05), age (AIRR: 1.12, p < 0.05), age of injection initiation (AIRR: 0.87, p < 0.001), and history of being prescribed stimulants (AIRR: 0.64, p < 0.05) were independently associated with HCV positivity. Conclusions: Findings suggest that PO injection should be given further consideration as a contributing factor to rising HCV infection among young adults in the US.


Field experiment was carried out during the two successive seasons (2015-2016 and 2016-2017) at Sids Research Station, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Bani Swif Governorate, Egypt, to evaluate the response of some new chickpea genotypes cultivated under Egyptian soil conditions for rhizobial inoculation alone or in combination with foliar inoculation of Pink Pigmented Facultatively Methylotrophic bacteria (PPFMs) as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). Nodulation status, some vegetative growth and yield parameters were determined. The obtained results cleared that all chickpea genotypes tested were positively responded to the native soil rhizobia and formed root nodules. Rhizobial inoculation alone or in combination with foliar application of PPFMs bacteria (5 L fed) scored significant increases in nodule numbers, plant dry weight, yield per plant as well as seed yield at the both seasons as compared to untreated treatments. Using rhizobial inoculation and PPFMs bacteria emphasized the superiority and gave of the highest values at all tested parameters. Generally, the second season gave the highest values at all plant tested parameters as compared to uninoculated ones. Chickpea genotypes GT3, GT4 and GT7 emphasized higher response to cultivated under Egyptian soil conditions and gave higher values for nodules number and dry weight, growth parameters i.e. plant dry weight and plant N-content and yield parameters i.e. yield per plant, seed index and seed yield ton. fedas compared to chickpea variety G195.


Several synthetic routes of hydroxyl functionalized polyester,including linear polycondensation,ring-opening polymerization,hydroxyl group protection and deprotection,introducing hydroxyl group into the side chain of polyester and enzymatic polymerization,were introduced.The characteristics of every synthetic route were compared.Taking synthetic route by linear polycondensation,raw materials are rich and cheap,but reaction conditions are harsh.Taking synthetic route by ring-opening polymerization,reaction time is short and performances of product are good,but cost of separating and recovering is high.Taking synthetic route by hydroxyl group protection and deprotection,experimental procedure is complex and yield of product is low.Taking synthetic route by introducing hydroxyl group into side chain of polyester,preparation of raw materials is not easy,so cost of the products is high.Taking synthetic route by enzymatic polymerization,reaction conditions are mild,but lipase is expensive and cost of the products is high.


Sulfide inclusions in Neoproterozoic West African diamonds have revealed mass-independently fractionated sulfur isotopes in them [Smit et.al., 2019]. This feature is a sign of Archean surface changes traced in the mantle. Here we present an S isotope study of the unique fresh mantle deepseated peridotites, eclogites and pyroxenites with rare or without any secondary alterations from the Udachnaya-East pipe. This research will give better understanding the role of subduction in the formation of the lithospheric mantle under the Siberian craton. Sulfur isotopes ( 34 S/ 32 S which is denoted as δ 34 S) were measured in the sulfides from eclogites, peridotites and pyroxenites using an Isoprime isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) with classic configuration with 4 collectors. The sulfides from eclogites are pyrrotite, pentlandites and chalcopyrites. They have δ 34 S values from +0,67 to +3,08 per mil (‰). Sulfides in peridotites are pyrrotite-pentlanditechalcopyrites assemblages and they have δ 34 S values from +0,22 to +3,55 ‰. These δ 34 S values from eclogites and peridotites are broadly overlap with the field for depleted mantle and chondrites (-1,9 to +0,35‰) [Labidi et.al., 2013; 2014]. Sulfides from pyroxenites are pyrrotite and they have δ 34 S values from -3,62 to +1,49 ‰. These δ 34 S values have a wider range than the estimates for depleted mantle. The δ 34 S values in our samples are close to those in the depleted mantle, but still have deviation from it and do not fractionated. Our data did not detect massindependently fractionated sulfur isotopes in the mantle samples from the Udachnaya pipe. Thus subduction of the earth's crust did not play role in the values of sulfur isotopes of the lithospheric mantle sampled by Udachnaya kimberlite pipe. The source of sulfur in these rocks probably was the astenospheric mantle.


The value of this excellent collection of five original essays by British, French, and American sociologists lies in the unorthodoxy and creativity of several contributors who, in addition to pinpointing the shortcomings of the current paradigm of the profession, present some extremely provocative and promising ideas for a more useful theoretical scheme. Two essays which deserve special attention are Turner's and Hodge's essay, &dquo;Occupations and Professions,&dquo; and Jamous' and Peloille's study. Turner and Hodge argue for a theoretical scheme that encompasses all occupations, not just professions, thereby avoiding predetermined boundary assumptions which then make cross-occupational comparisons extremely difficult. They suggest a resource-management approach to study the processes of how occupations crystallize and change. A central assumption is that all occupations can be analyzed as


FIELD: process engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to removal of solids and other impurities from flue gas. Claimed process is implemented in fuel combustion system and meant for reduction of harmful emissions. Said system comprises gas path exceeding from combustion chamber via air heater, solids trap and spraying drier-absorber to bag filter. The latter is located downstream of spraying drier-absorber. Claimed process comprises the admixture of calcium hydroxide powder to flue gas at the inlet point downstream of the combustion chamber and upstream of the bag filter. Water sprayed to flue gas in spraying drier-absorber for flue gas wetting and temperature decreasing. Said flue gas is forced through the bag filter. Said calcium hydroxide powder catches the harmful substances contained in flue gas. Note here that inlet point is located upstream of air heater or between spraying drier-absorber and bag filter. EFFECT: reduced harmful emissions. 19 cl, 7 dwg, 1 ex


Background: Humans in their daily life cannot be separated from activities that involve hands, both in activities and work. One of the musculoskeletal problems that can occur is Tennis Elbow is a painful feeling on the outside of the elbow associated with excessive wrist extensionObjective: The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the effectiveness of muscle energy technique and eccentric exercise on ultrasound intervention in reducing disability in tennis elbow patientsMethods: Experimental research method with pre-test and post-test two group design.The study was conducted in private physiotherapy in Denpasar and Badung. There were 32 samples divided into group I (ultrasound and muscle energy technique) and group II (ultrasound and eccentric exercise)Results: Wilcoxon Test was each group p <0.05, there is a decrease disability on tennis elbow patients in each group. The difference test between groups was carried out using the Mann Whitney U Test, p <0.05, there is a significant difference between group 1 and 2Conclusion: there are differences in the effectiveness of muscle energy technique and eccentric exercise on ultrasound intervention to reduce disability in tennis elbow patients


Of the different types of analysing the stability of earth slopes the most convenient is known as the Swedish method, in which the circular slide surface can be commonly used. The socalled ψ = 0-analysis, based on the result of undrained shear tests, such as in situ vane tests or unconfined compression tests in the laboratory, is not appropriate for estimating the long-term stability, though it might give a correct result under fortunate conditions, when the stability of slopes just after a construction operation is treated.This paper concerns with some important problems involved in another analysing method, called as c, ψ-analysis, in which the shear strength of soils is expressed in terms of effective stress. The stability analysis is applied to a slide occurred along a small river in the Norwegian quick clay. Combining the results of borings, samplings, in situ tests and pore pressure measurements in the field, together with those of laboratory tests, it is concluded that the composed slide surface should be used, in stead of simple circular surface. As the cause of the slide it is assumed that considerably large amount of excess pore pressure in the clay layer might contribute to the occurrence of the slide.


In this chapter, the authors propose the application of artificial intelligence (namely expert system and neural network) for estimating the mental workload of air traffic controllers while working at different control centers (sectors): terminal control center, approach control center, area control center. At each air traffic control center, air traffic controllers will perform the following procedures: coordination between units, aircraft transit, climbing, and descending. So with the help of the artificial intelligence (AI) and its branches expert system and neural network, it is possible to estimate the mental workload of dispatchers for a different number of aircraft, compare the workload intensity of the air traffic control sectors, and optimize the workload between sectors and control centers. The differentiating factor of an AI system from a standard software system is the characteristic ability to learn, improve, and predict. Real dispatchers, students, graduate students, and teachers of the National Aviation University took part in these researches.


Captive ring-tailed lemurs, Lemur catta, were assessed for hand preference in order to determine what the proportion of preference for the left and right might be for the population. Twenty of a total of 22 animals showed "left" hand preferences consistently over four categories of spontaneous behaviours. Left-hand specialization for manipulation, accompanied by specialization for postural support involving the right forelimb occurs in the species.


This paper analyzes the problems existing in the green and low-carbon development of urbanization in China from the perspectives of concept, planning and management, industrial structure, technological innovation and policy system, and proposes corresponding measures and Suggestions to promote the green and low-carbon development of urbanization.


ABSTRACT A lot of variations in vegetable amaranth germplasm have been observed in Bangladesh. It has been used as a cheap source of antioxidants, nutrients, protein, and dietary fiber. But no efforts had not been taken to know the status of antioxidant content, polyphenol, flavonoid, antioxidant vitamins and minerals, dietary fiber, nutritional and agronomic traits. In this study, Forty-three vegetable amaranth genotypes were evaluated to determine the status of total antioxidant content, polyphenol, flavonoid, antioxidant vitamins and minerals, dietary fiber, nutritional and agronomic traits and the magnitude of genetic diversity based on the contribution of those traits for meaningful grouping and proper utilization in future breeding program. The experiment was carried out in an open experimental field at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Multivariate (Principal component and cluster) analysis was done using numerical taxonomic techniques of Sneath, & Sokal. Four principal components contributed 98.61% of the variation. Biological yield and total antioxidant content was strongly associated with their related all agronomic traits. Total flavonoid content had a higher contribution to total antioxidant capacity compared to vitamin and mineral antioxidants. Contribution of antioxidant profile and agronomic traits was the highest in diversity of vegetable amaranth. Both high and low yielding genotypes had a high antioxidant profile. Therefore, high yielding genotypes (From cluster VI) could be used directly as high antioxidant profile varieties and low yielding genotypes as a source of donor parents in hybridization program. Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into six clusters. The diverse genotypes in different clusters were identified. Genotypes with desirable genes of one cluster hybridized with promising genotypes of other diverge clusters could facilitate the accumulation of favorable genes in hybrids. Abbreviations: PCA: principal component analysis; PC: principal component; dw: dry weight; TFC: total flavonoid content; TAC: total antioxidant capacity; TPC: total polyphenol content; K: potassium; Ca: calcium; Mg: magnesium; Fe: iron; Mn: manganese; Cu: copper; Zn: zinc


We present the first infrared interferometric observations of a young stellar object with a spatial projected resolution better than 2 AU. The observations were obtained with the Palomar Testbed Interferometer (PTI). FU Orionis exhibits a visibility of V2=0.72 ± 0.07 for a 103 ± 5 m-projected baseline at λ=2.2 μm. On the spatial scale probed by the PTI, the data are consistent with both a binary system scenario (a maximum magnitude difference of 2.7 ± 0.5 mag and the smallest separation of 0.35 ± 0.05 AU) and a standard luminous accretion disk model (Ṁ ~6 × 10−5 M☉ yr-1), where the thermal emission dominates the stellar scattering, and are inconsistent with a single stellar photosphere.


Some artists like to create works which do not look and sound like traditional Western art and music. People call those works "anti-art" often, and they were especially popular in the 1960s in Japan. The 1960s was a very important period for Japan because the country was striving to recover from the damages caused by World War II. How did this social and historical background in the country affect anti-art movements in Japan? How did Western culture affect Japanese anti-art movements? These questions will be discussed in this thesis. In contemporary Japan, there are also some works which have very similar characteristics to anti-art works created in the 1960s. However, society in Japan now is very different from the 1960s, and the purposes of those works are different as well. This thesis explores why anti-art artists and musicians adopted unusual methods to create their works, and considers the relationship between society and those anti-art works.


This paper presents a novel frequency selective surface topology in X-band with 14.6 % fractional bandwidth from extending from 10.39 GHz to 12.02 GHz. Four transmission zeros at 8.5 GHz, 9.5 GHz, 12.6 GHz and 15.5 GHz have introduced to increase the shielding effectiveness in the stop band of the FSS. The shielding effectiveness is better than 10 dB near the lower and upper −3dB cut-off frequencies. It extends over 1.96 GHz in lower stopband and 4.24 GHz in higher stopband region. Due to the sharper transition in the transition region, it offers a high selectivity needed for many applications.


Objective: The objective of this study was to determine frequency of abnormal EEG findings in children from 1 month to 16 years of age presenting with epilepsy to Shifa International Hospital Islamabad. Study Design: It was a cross-sectional study. Setting: Research was conducted at Department of Pediatric Medicine, Shifa International Hospital Islamabad Duration: Duration of study was 6 months from 31st May 2018 to 30th November 2018. Material and Methods: This study involved 217 children of both genders aged between 1 month to 16 years diagnosed of epilepsy who were evaluated by EEG which was labeled abnormal if the wave frequency was 7 MHz or less. A written informed consent was obtained from parents of each patient. Results: The mean age of the children was 7.3±4.4 years. Majority (n=106, 48.8%) of the children were aged 5 years and under followed by 57 (26.3%) children aged between 6-10 years and 54 (24.9%) children aged between 11-16 years. There were 131 (60.4%) male and 86 (39.6%) female children in the study group with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. Generalized seizures were most frequent type of seizures and were observed in 173 (79.7%) children followed by partial (10.6%), absence (7.4%) and unprovoked (2.3%) seizures. The duration of epilepsy ranged from 1 to 24 months with a mean of 10.8±6.5 months. Abnormal EEG was noted in 170 (78.3%) children with epilepsy. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of abnormal EEG across various subgroups based on child's age (p-value=0.989), gender (p-value=0.900) and duration (p-value=0.958) and type of epilepsy (p-value=0.992). Conclusion: Abnormal EEG was observed in a substantial proportion of children with epilepsy which advocates preferred use of EEG in the diagnostic evaluation of such children owing to its non-invasive nature, low cost and widespread availability. Keywords: Epilepsy, Seizures, Electroencephalography


Abbreviations: ASPECTS: Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score; CT: Computed Tomography; EIC: Early Ischemic Changes; FKA: First Known Abnormal; IQR: Interquartile Range; IV: Intravenous; LKN: Last Known Normal; mRS: modified Rankin Scale; MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; rtPA: recombinant Tissue plasminogen Activator; SD: Standard Deviation; SICH: Symptomatic Intracerebral Haemorrhage; SITS-MOST: Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke Monitoring Study; WUS: Wake-Up Stroke


The trend towards ever-shorter product life cycles produces a need to find tools and methods of working for integrated product and manufacturing process development. This paper describes a project, which has investigated the potential of digital visualisation technology for use in training operators to assemble new products prior to actual physical production, with the purpose of shortening the time needed for training. The project has been carried out in conjunction with Volvo Car Corporation in Gothenburg, Sweden. The aim of the project, has been to find a methodology for formulating future working instructions, which describe more than primarily what is to be done in order to assemble a car. The results indicate that there is a need to complement the instructions in order to provide better information on how it is to be done. This can be carried out using the simulation and visualisation technology. It is suggested that the results should be called Visual Process Instructions. The possession of propositional knowledge is not enough when designing models representing "knowing-how" - involve people with practical knowledge in the development process. Visual Process Instructions can never completely capture all the elements of craftsmanship, but help us transfer more of vocational knowledge.


The load management system is an important technological support of promoting power demand side management(DSM) and achieving order electric consumption.The article introduces the programming,construction,management and application of the load management system in Anhui electric power company.It also presents the technology used in softwares upgrading of the system main station,and system function application and development direction.


Background Age, race, and gender differences in coagulation status of healthy volunteers have been reported in previous case series; however, rigorous multivariate analysis adjusting for these factors is lacking. We aimed to investigate the effects of age, race, and gender on baseline coagulation status in healthy volunteers. Methods Thirty healthy volunteer controls with no history of bleeding or thrombotic events and no previous anticoagulant or antiplatelet use were recruited. Citrated and heparinized blood samples were drawn, and kaolin and platelet-mapping thromboelastography (TEG) assays performed. Results Thirty participants had a mean age of 37, mean body mass index of 29 kg/m2, and were 47% African-American and 70% female. Women were significantly older than men (40 ± 11 y vs 28 ± 7 y, P = .002); there were no significant differences in demographics by race. Multivariate analysis of variance for the effect of age, race, and gender across TEG parameters yielded evidence for gender differences in hypercoagulability (Pillai's trace P = .02), which appear to be driven by differences in K-time, alpha angle, maximal amplitude, and G parameter. Women were hypercoagulable compared to men, as manifested by shorter K-time, steeper alpha angle, higher maximal amplitude, and larger G parameter. Discussion Women at baseline have relatively hypercoagulable fibrin deposition kinetics, platelet contributions to clot formation, and overall clot strength compared to men, even when adjusted for age and race. Additional research is needed to specifically detail the key patient-level factors, clinical implications, and opportunities for tailored therapy related to gender-associated hypercoagulability.


THE LAST three decades witnessed some very important steps in Egypt towards the modernization of its laws in the field of international commercial arbitration. In 1959, Egypt adhered to the 1958 New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, and has, since men applied the unified rules contained in the Convention. However, extensive legislative and judicial national control reflecting a rather conservative attitude towards international arbitration dominated the scene. Consequently, the need for reform and for the adoption of more liberal and advanced rules on this subject was expressed by a vast majority of enlightened Egyptian scholars, practitioners and economists.

The establishment of the Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration (CRCICA) was a forward step in the right direction and one which has proved to have a tremendous impact on the growing trend among those concerned with international commerce to introduce reforms into the Egyptian legal system in this respect

The third important development, and most important of all, occurred in September 1985 when CRCICA suggested to the Egyptian Minister of Justice the enactment of a new law on arbitration to be drafted on the basis of the UNCITRAL Model Law (the Model Law). This suggestion was favourably considered, a drafting committee was formed in the CRCICA and the Law No. 27/1994 promulgating the Law on Arbitration in Civil and Commercial Matters (the New Law) finally became a reality, after a long struggle and lengthy debates. The New Law adopted the principles contained in the Model Law, and followed it except for very minor changes that will be discussed in due course.

This New Law was promulgated on 18 April 1994, published in the issue No. 16 Cont. of the Official Gazette on 21 April 1994 to come into force on 22 May of the …


In this work, a bar fully insulated on its lateral surface. composed by two different unknown materials is considered. For the analytical solution, it is assumed a perfectly assembly solid-solid interface, so no heat loss due to friction is present. This is an ideal scenario, so this loss and possible measurement errors are included by simulating noisy data for the estimation of the thermal conductivity of the unknown materials. A stationary heat transfer process along the bar is considered where a Dirichlet condition is imposed at the left that represents a source of constant temperature. At the other end of the bar, a Robin condition that models heat dissipation by convection, is assumed. The constant thermal conductivity coefficients of both solids are determined under two different situations: a) two noisy temperature measurements are available, one at the interface and the other at the right boundary; b) a temperature measurement at the interface and a heat flow measurement at the right edge of the bar are given. The bounds for the errors in the identification of the unknown coefficients are obtained based on the data measurements, the room temperature and temperature values at the boundary and interface. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the ideas used for the parameter identification and elasticity analysis is carried out to measure the dependence of the data on the estimated parameters.


The structural surfaces are well developed in the slope on Tongling bank of Taiping lake,its stabilization after excavating is much concerned.Based on the field investigation,3D-FLAC is applied to simulate and analyze the deformation of the slope after it was excavated and retained.The result shows that its deformation after excavating is obvious,but the deformation is convergent and will be stable when the slope has been retained.The simulation and the monitor data of the scene matches well.Therefore,the retaining measure is feasible.


This paper presents a hybrid learning method in which fuzzy logic controllers (FLC) are automatically designed by means of a genetic algorithm (GA). A messy coding scheme is proposed which allows a compact and exible representation of the fuzzy rules in a genetic string. The complexity and size of the rule base are reduced which enables the GA to solve the design task even for FLCs with a large number of input variables. A dynamically weighted objective function is suggested for control problems with multiple tasks, which prevents the GA from premature convergence on FLCs that are specialized exclusively to the easier subtasks. In order to achieve a robust control behaviour for a broad spectrum of situations a second GA coevolves a set of training situations to evaluate the performance of the FLCs. The method is applied to learn a FLC, which implements a behaviour of a mobile robot. The robot is given the task to reach a goal point and to avoid collisions with obstacles on its way, which it perceives by means of ultrasonic sensors. The performance of the FLCs, which are learned in simulated environments, is tested afterwards in real world experiments with the mobile robot.


Rotor-position detection either directly or indirectly is essential for SR motors operating in variable-speed drive applications. Direct rotor-position sensors provide stable operation of the drive system. However, the use of direct sensors leads to reliability problems in certain industrial environments e.g. high-temperature conditions or where electromagnetic interference is present. Additionally, for fractional horse power drives the cost of the position sensors becomes a significant part of the overall drive system cost. Indirect rotor-position sensing is an attractive alternative in such applications. In this part of the paper the waveform detection technique is analysed using computer simulation with back EMF taken into account. Simulation is carried out to find which parameter, out of the current chop rise and fall-times in the active and inactive phases, is best suited to rotor-position detection under various operating conditions. It is concluded that the current chop falltime in the inactive phase provides reliable position detection under varying operating conditions. The simulation is based on a 4 kW 4-phase SR motor.


Most conventional models for distributed property systems are developed using the weighted residual and finite difference solution techniques prevalent in the computational mechanics literature. An alternative approach to such problems is developed. It applies Hamilton's equations to a discrete representation of the physical system, the latter established using either particle, finite element, or hybrid particle-element interpolation schemes. The method has application to a wide range of thermomechanical solid, fluid, and coupled solid-fluid problems.


On the basis of the principle of space vector pulse width modulation of the three phase AC motor,simulation of space vector pulse width modulation and sine pulse width modulation are analysized,space vector pulse width modulation are implemented and experiment results are achieved,which are based on an integrated DSP motor controller TMS320LF2407A.The simulation by Simulink in Matlab is discussed,and the model of PMSM is built.With the model of PMSM and arithmetic of SVPWM,the wave of the theory is obtained.Software of the space vector PWM is worked out.


To investigate the nature, origin and extent of reported neuropsychiatric side effects of polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG, MiraLax©) leading to avoidance of this laxative by parents and caregivers.


This paper articulates a logical foundation-drawn from disparate literatures-for understanding why safeguarding financial stability is an important economic policy objective. The paper also explains why private aspects of finance provide broader social economic benefits and have the characteristics of public goods. Unique aspects of finance are examined, as are the linkages between finance, money, and the real economy. Sources of market imperfections in finance are identified and their implications are analyzed. The arguments imply that reaping the full private and social economic benefits of finance requires both private-collective and publicpolicy involvement as well as a delicate balance between maximizing the benefits of positive externalities (and public goods) and minimizing the costs (including potential instabilities) of other sources of market imperfections in finance.


Over the past several centuries, many important natural laws have been discovered by scientists, which have not only changed our viewpoints about nature but also affected our lives significantly. Today, automatic discovery of meaningful laws from data beyond two variables becomes an important task of our time. Here, we propose two multivariate correlation measures, namely, the multivariate correlation entropy (MCE) and the multivariate incorrelation entropy (MIE), which can be used to measure the strength of the correlation among multiple variables. Using MIE makes it possible to directly detect linear relations existing in large data sets. In addition, more complicated nonlinear multivariate laws can be discovered using a function dictionary.


Postharvest losses and their management practices of Maize production in Ethiopia were overviewed. Agriculture is vital for addressing food security problems in Ethiopia. Agriculture contributes to overcoming the food security problem through growth that distributes its benefits as widely as possible by increasing production and productivity. About 30 to 50 per cent postharvest loss is because of inappropriate collection, transport, storage and pest control systems in Ethiopia were found tremendous for different cereal grains. The review was done by collecting the various published and unpublished materials relevant information from different literature sources like libraries, research report, journals, books and Internet center. Postharvest quantity and quality loss of cereal grains in developing countries appear to be initiated mostly at the farm level, so the potential solutions for the problem are needed at the same level. To minimize losses and increase the shelf life of the food grains which inhibit the growth of pests and provide proper storage facilities, appropriate packaging materials and transportation facilities are required. A corrective suggestion on suitable approaches to loss reduction in postharvest handling of maize grains was reviewed. As the result of review, it concludes that further studies are needed concerning physical, bio-chemical and socio-economic aspects at each production level.


The slowing down of Moore's law has driven the development of unconventional computing paradigms, such as specialized Ising machines tailored to solve combinatorial optimization problems. In this paper, we show a new application domain for probabilistic bit (p-bit) based Ising machines by training deep generative AI models with them. Using sparse, asynchronous, and massively parallel Ising machines we train deep Boltzmann networks in a hybrid probabilistic-classical computing setup. We use the full MNIST dataset without any downsampling or reduction in hardware-aware network topologies implemented in moderately sized Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). Our machine, which uses only 4,264 nodes (p-bits) and about 30,000 parameters, achieves the same classification accuracy (90%) as an optimized software-based restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) with approximately 3.25 million parameters. Additionally, the sparse deep Boltzmann network can generate new handwritten digits, a task the 3.25 million parameter RBM fails at despite achieving the same accuracy. Our hybrid computer takes a measured 50 to 64 billion probabilistic flips per second, which is at least an order of magnitude faster than superficially similar Graphics and Tensor Processing Unit (GPU/TPU) based implementations. The massively parallel architecture can comfortably perform the contrastive divergence algorithm (CD-n) with up to n = 10 million sweeps per update, beyond the capabilities of existing software implementations. These results demonstrate the potential of using Ising machines for traditionally hard-to-train deep generative Boltzmann networks, with further possible improvement in nanodevice-based realizations.


this later volume concerned with reaching the mature student of chemical history. I t is highly recommended that both hooks he avsilable. When discussing the various facets of Dalton's work, Greenaway does not hesitate to delve into the genesis and history of the matter at hand. This broad viewpoint makes this treatment all the more valuable. Furthermore this writer has gathered in the Notes and References the bibliographieal sources of his discussions, a feature thst will spped to the serious reader. If one wishes to get behind the scene, so to speak, this is the book to have st hand. Dalton, for reasons that Greenaway makes apparent, is far more appreciated now than he was during his lifetime; his work was not always understood by his contemporaries. The author traces in detail how Dalton's theories aided immensely in the formation of later laws in s. number of fields and though modern developments in the ideas regarding the structure of the atom have now superseded his primitive notions, the history of these developments is of prime importance. This fine book will not go out of date and will bear frequent rereading.


The study was carried out to study the effect of arginine spraying and rootstocks difference in some shoot growth to four cultivars. A Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) in a factorial experiment was used with three factors, namely: Arginine levels (0 and 250 mgL-1), Citrus rootstocks (Sour orange, Volkameriana lemon and Troyer citrange) and Citrus species (Navel orange, local orange, common mandarin and Clementine mandarin) in three replications. Results analyzed according to SAS and differences between the means compared using Duncan's test at 0.05 probability level. Results showed navel orange was superior in stem diameter and carbohydrate, Clementine mandarin superior in plant length, Troyer strange superior in plant length, arginine superior in plant length, stem diameter, leaf area, carbohydrate and N. Interaction between Clementine mandarin and volkameriana superior plant length and interaction with troyer citrange superior in leaf area, and interaction with sour superior in leaves content of N, navel orange interaction with troyer citrange in stem diameter and carbohydrate. Interaction clementine mandarin with Arginine superior in plant length, interaction arginine with common mandarin in N content, interaction arginine with orange navel superior in stem diameter and carbohydrate, and interaction troyer citrange rootstock with arginine superior plant length and leaf area,Triple interaction between clementine mandarin with volkameriana rootstock and arginine superior in plant length, interaction common mandarin with sour and arginine superior in N content, and superior navel orange with troyer citrange rootstock and arginine in stem diameter and carbohydrate content, and local orange with sour rootstock and arginine superior in leaf area.


We examined the effects of emotional expression (neutral emotion, happiness, and sadness) on a speaker's age perception in visual and audiovisual condition. Although many researchers have explored the effect of aging on cognitive mechanisms, the effects have not been explored in the view of modalities. In auditory perception on age, Shigeno (1) revealed that a happy (cheerful) voice makes a speaker sound younger. On the other hand, in visual perception of age, the results are not consistent; a smiling face photo makes a speaker look younger (2) or look older (3). The discrepant findings among researchers might be because facial expression photographs capture just the moment of emotional climax of a face. The present study used emotional videos instead of photographs. Participants were asked to identify the ages of twenty-four Japanese native speakers, whose ages were 24–75 years. We compared the identification results between two conditions (visual-only and audiovisual) to examine whether audiovisual happy expressions give younger impression to perceivers than neutral emotion or sadness. The results showed that facial expression does not increase or degrade the effect of vocal emotion. We discussed the integration process of vocal and facial emotion in age perception.


The number of users in wireless WANs increasing like never before, at the same time as the bandwidth demands by users increase. The structure of the third generation Wireless WANs makes it expensive for Wireless ISPs to meet these demands. The FUTON architecture is an RoF heterogeneous wireless network architecture under development, that will be cheaper to deploy and operate. This paper shows a method to plan an implementation of this architecture. The planning is done as automatic as possible, covering radio planning, fiber planning and network dimensioning. The outcome of the paper is a planning process that uses GIS-data to automate planning for the entire architecture. The automated model uses a collection of scripts that can easily be modified for planning a FUTON architecture anywhere. The scripts are made using functions for the different tasks, in order to make them easy to extend and modify.


Abstract : Catastrophic Health Event (CHE) readiness is the ability to increase the preparedness, response capabilities, and capacities of hospitals and other healthcare facilities, trauma care centers, and emergency medical service systems. Our ability to respond to a CHE varies throughout the United States. The Hospital Preparedness Program's (HPP) primary mission is to assist hospitals, public health departments, emergency management and response agencies, and healthcare partnerships at the community and substate levels. These Health Care Coalitions engage communities to plan, develop, and exercise local capabilities. How have successful coalitions overcome the challenges inherent in developing a plan that creates working partnerships and strengthens response efforts while coordinating efforts with the State? What effects does funding have on partnerships? What should be the goal of these partnerships? This paper explores some of the concepts of partnering and sustainability, shows what constitutes a successful partnership, and names potential initiatives that could spring from these partnerships.


This thesis describes a new a measurement of the tau lepton polarization and its forward-backward asymmetry at the Z resonance using the OPAL detector. This measurement is based on analyses of the tau->electron, muon and pion (Kaon) decays from a sample of 30663 tau-pair events collected in the polar angle range of Abs(cos(theta)) =(-13.5+/-2.9+/-2.2)% and the tau polarization forward-backward asymmetry to be AFBpol=(-11.0+/-3.5+/-0.5)% where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. Combining these figures with the OPAL and AFBpol measured with the tau->rho channel we get an average tau polarization, =(-14.9+/-1.9+/-1.3)% and for the asymmetry in the polarization, AFBpol=(-8.9+/-2.2+/-0.9)% . These results are consistent with lepton universality. Combining the two results we obtain for the electroweak mixing angle the value sin^2(theta_W)=0.2331+/-0.0023 within the context of the Standard Model, where the error includes both statistical and systematic uncertainties.


Afield experiment was done with 60 rural women selected from 6 different villages within the age group of 20–45 years to determine their occupational workload and muscular stress based on their physiological responses while performing selected six drudgery prone/strenuous animal husbandry activities with the use of existing tool, equipments and techniques. The study revealed that physiological workload, total cardiac cost of work, physiological cost of work of rural women, their perceived exertion and reduction in the grip strength while performing the activities was very high for all the selected activities. The highest drudgery oriented activity was the chaffing followed by collection and disposal of dung and making of cowdung cakes revealing the fact that all the activities taken under the study were highly drudgery prone. There is a need to aware and motivate the rural women to adopt the improved tools, techniques and equipments to reduce physiological cost of work and drudgery in animal husbandry operations which in turn will influence work efficiency and work productivity.


The Doppler beaming amplitude of a M dwarf is amplified relative to a blackbody of the same temperature because of deep TiO absorption features in M dwarf spectra. A strong Na feature at 5890 Å coincides with the short wavelength cutoff of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite response function, which also increases the beaming amplitude. As a result, the Doppler beaming effect for a 3000 K object is a factor of 1.4–2.0 times greater than predicted for a blackbody. Underestimating the Doppler beaming coefficient could result in mass overestimates when using the photometric beaming amplitude to determine stellar properties. This is especially important for M dwarfs in short period binary systems with massive white dwarf, neutron star or black hole companions.


In all but one instance, examples of genus Ligia Fabricius reDorded from AustraUato date have been assigned to L. australiensis Dana, 1853. The one exception is a record by Jackson (1922, p. 697) of L. novae-zealandiae Dana, 1853, from Sunday Island, Victoria. Specimens of Ligia from Bobbin Head, New South Wales, which were presented to me by Dr. J. Ie Gay Brereton, differ from both of these species. A comparison of their characters with the descriptions of L. exotica Raux, 1828, given by Chilton (1916, p. 462), Jackson (1922, p. (93) and Verhoefi' (1928, p. 116) shows that they should be assigned to L. exotica.


Despite the deep reach some pieces of the European Union legal order legal try to reach, their application by domestic courts does not always achieve the aim pursued. On the other hand, there are situations in which the European legal order itself is not able to ensure the protection sought for individuals, especially in disputes against companies or against the State itself. Published online : 23 December 2014


Scaled-up procedures and preparation of glyceollin I in multigram quantities are described. The synthesis features construction of a cis-fused ring system in high enantiomeric excess after Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation of a key intermediate that is initially produced by an intramolecular Wittig reaction to afford the requisite alkene while simultaneously forming the first ring. The overall yield is 12% after 11 steps.


This is a report on PhotoMetrics' contributions to the Infrared Chemistry Experiments--Coordinated Auroral Program in the period 17 Sep 72--17 Aug 74. It presents ICECAP rocket and ground support data reduced and partially analyzed, procedures and computer programs for further application of program data to understanding radiations from the artificially-disturbed atmosphere, characterizations of the auroral ionosphere into which the rocket experiments were launched and critiques of the instruments, background information for planning related coordinated aurora experiments, and some interpretation of program results. (GRA)


Background: Intubating conditions would be excellent and hemodynamic variables would be relatively stable during rapid- sequence anesthesia induction if tracheal intubation was performed at a proper time. The purpose of this study was to identify the ideal intubation time after rocuronium with either thiopental or propofol. Methods: 113 patients, ASA physical status I or II, were randomly divided into four groups. Patients in group TR60 (thiopental-rocuronium) and in group PR60 (propofol-rocuronium) were intubated within 60 s, while groups TR90 and PR90 were intubated within 90 s after the administration of rocuronium. Intubating conditions were graded by an experienced anesthesiologist, and hemodynamic variables were noted just before induction (baseline), immediate after induction, immediate after intubation, and 5 min after intubation. Results: Clinically acceptable intubating conditions (good or excellent) were not statistically different among the four groups. However, 55 and 64% of patients in groups TR90 and PR90, respectively, had excellent intubating conditions compared to only 39 and 38% in groups TR60 and PR60 (P


Observations of icy satellites have revealed widespread marks of cryovolcanism. Because aqueous cryomagmas are negatively buoyant, two processes are required to explain these observations: one mechanism to generate melt close enough to the surface and another one to transport this melt to the surface. Here, we investigate the generation of melting in a systematic way, using a set of 85 numerical simulations where we vary the viscosity contrast, Rayleigh number, and tidal heating rate. Applied to Europa, considering a hydrosphere composed of pure water, our simulations suggest that isolated melt pockets can be generated close to the surface ( ∼ 5 km) as long as the ice layer thickness ( d* ) remains modest ( 15≤d*≤35 km). However, the generation of melting becomes increasingly difficult as the amount of antifreeze compounds in the subsurface ocean increases. Furthermore, the proportion of melting increases very sharply with increasing tidal heating rate. In particular, when the tidal heating rate exceeds a threshold, an asymptotic regime is reached where the surface heat flux remains constant indicating that the tidal heat generated above this threshold is only used for melting the ice shell. In that regime, we found a direct relationship between the surface heat flux and d* . Finally, we provide a new assessment of Europa's thermal state. Based on available constraints, we propose that the ice shell thickness should exceed 15 km. However, d*∼ 15–35 km implies a tidal power ( > 2 TW) much larger than expected. An extrapolation of the trends suggested by our results indicates that a more reasonable tidal power ( ∼ 1 TW) would involve d*∼ 50–90 km.


There is an unfortunate prejudice in English hospitals against the use of dried vegetables. We have heard one authority condemn their use as unworthy of a modern hospital, and referring to them as desiccated rubbish which is not worth the trouble of preparing for the patients' consumption. One reason for this prejudice is undoubtedly the fact that green and fresh vegetables are nearly everywhere obtainable, and that it is regarded as essential


We outline the type of data and the process in data collection that defines such experimental situation using a fish experiment, where studying the effect of treatment combinations on the survival times of fish in aquarium water was desired. In an experiment presented by pierce, steware and kopoecky (1978), fish were subjected to three levels of zinc concentration in aquarium water, and approximate times to death were observed it was desired to study the effect of either one or two week's acclimation in the test aquaria before introduction of the zinc. There were initially two tanks for each of the treatment combinations. The experiment was a 2×3 factorial for the treatment combinations. The 3 2∀ treatment combinations were assigned to tanks in a completely randomized design. From this point on wards we use CRD to designate this design. The experiment was carried for 7 days and mortality was observed on daily basis. Three hundred fish were randomized to 12 tanks, 25 fish to each tank. The 2×3 treatment combinations were assigned so that 2 tanks received each treatment.


Just in time for their European reunion tour in July, iconic Richmond screamo act CITY OF CATERPILLAR will release a new comeback EP, containing their ...


gains virtually disappear in the dark centuries following Rome's fall. Around 1400, the Western curve ascends again emblazoned with great art, and at 1500 with the voyages of discovery. Now the height of the western are appears to top those of India China, and the younger Islam. The ascent is boosted by one Western univocal achievement after another; in the 1680s, by modern science and in around 1900, by ultra-modern science. Scores rise steadily thereafter with the wedding of science and technology, drawing much of the world under that aegis. Civilisation's score in the digital era is very high indeed. This is a deeply misleading picture. We must add its mirror image to it. A History of humanity offers more than being discussed in this short review. Those familiar with the symbolic history might not be too surprised with the findings of the book. That said, for many of us who do not have a deep knowledge of this subject but have an interest in it, this is the most comprehensive available overview of the subject. It opens up many new questions and avenues of research.


The presented article discusses the new institution of the recoded civil process, namely the institution of preliminary discussion of the dispute, the purpose of which is to conclude a settlement and its regulation in Act no. 160/2015 Coll. Slovak Republic, The Civil Procedure Code, as amended. The aim of the contribution is to point out the potential of the given institute and its validity in the Slovak legal order, while the author emphasizes the need for its greater use in judicial practice, while based on her own experience, theoretical starting points and codes, she will evaluate the importance of introducing the given institute into the Slovak legal order. The author is also of the opinion that through the preliminary discussion of the dispute, the court proceedings can be made more efficient since even though the purpose of the given institute is primarily to conclude a settlement, its goal is also to speed up the dispute proceedings and ensure its procedural economy.


The solar energy is the most available, non-polluting and free source of energy. Solar photovoltaic energy is the fastest growing energy resource and it will someday become the dominant source of energy. Iraq is located 290N-370N latitude so, it has a good possibility of solar energy, which could be invested to generate the electrical power by the photovoltaic modules.  The used databases in this study are hourly data of irradiance were obtained from Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS) while air temperature and wind speed were obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather (ECMWF) for the period 1/1/2001-31/12/2012.  Mathematical MATLAB program has been created to estimate the cell temperature and electrical power of a monocrystalline module for 200 sites in Iraqi areas. This study states the effects of environmental parameters on both the cell temperature and the electrical power of a monocrystalline PV module. Irradiance on tilt surface, ambient temperature, and wind speed are the key environmental factors in this study. By using Arc GIS, maps of electrical power and cell temperature distributions of a monocrystalline were drawn based on NOCT model.It has found that the effect of solar radiation on the output electrical power from the PV module is greater than the effect of ambient air temperature. Also, it has found that the monthly electrical power received from the module is varied throughout the months for the study area where the highest electrical power was recorded in June and the lowest electrical power recorded in December. Also, it varies in different sites, the southern part of Al- Qadisyah, western part of Dhi-Qar, northern part of Al-Muthannia and southwestern part of Al-Anbar provinces recorded the highest values of electrical power while the lowest value in the eastern part of Dihok.


Event-driven methods are very promising for simulating large-scale linear and nonlinear circuits but they may suffer some drawbacks, such as spurious numerical oscillations and have difficulties in convergence to equilibrium points. To overcome these drawbacks a pseudoanalytical method is presented that is based on the staircase approximation of v-i characteristics of linear and nonlinear resistors, on the piecewise-linear approximation of v-q characteristics of nonlinear capacitors and t-v characteristics of time-varying voltage sources. At a generic time instant, these approximations allow us to represent the original circuit with a very simple model composed of only linear capacitors, voltage and current sources. The solution of this circuit model is straightforward but, when the operating point meets some pathological situations, the model does no longer hold and then a rigorous and in general more complex analysis is needed. Even if this analysis yields a conceptual effort, its computational execution is not complex. This algorithm works successfully on circuits composed of linear and nonlinear resistors and capacitors, time-varying voltage and time-invariant current sources. Some applications of this method to the analysis of interconnects and power-grids in VLSI circuits are presented.


In this article, it is revealed that to what extent is some languages are sexist, beginning with the reality that the women is also put under pressure through languages and, as it is in almost every social area, there is sexism against women in languages. The conceptual expressions (such as gender, sexist language, language and ideology) are brought out that the dimension and the quality of the world's languages and which perspectives the sexist language is usually seen. Gender discourse representing the opposite views has a side if political views have an effect on preferring sexist expressions. What is come into the view is that there is another cognition beyond social views in using sexist language. While there is no important difference in using sexist expressions according to the political views in some languages, they make a big contribution to the being the "secondary" and "other" of women.


Objective. To describe emergency department (ED) staff attitudes and beliefs towards patients presenting with hazardous alcohol use and their clinical management.
Methods. A search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SCOPUS from 1990 to 2010, and reference lists from included studies was conducted. Two reviewers independently screened for inclusion and assessed study quality. One reviewer extracted the data and a second checked for completeness and accuracy. Results. Among nine studies four reported varied beliefs on whether screening was worthwhile for identifying hazardous alcohol use (physicians: 42%–88%; nurses: 50%–100%). Physicians in three studies were divided on intervention provision (32%–54% in support of intervention provision) as were nurses in two studies (39% and 64% nurses in support of intervention provision). Referral for treatment was identified in two studies as an important part of ED management (physicians: 62% and 97%; nurses: 95%). Other attitudes and beliefs identified across the studies included concern that asking about alcohol consumption would be seen as obtrusive or offensive, and a perceived lack of time and resources available for providing care and referrals. Conclusions. ED staff had varying attitudes towards ED management of patients with hazardous alcohol use. Investigations into improving clinical care for hazardous alcohol use are needed to optimize ED management for these patients.


The materials of the article the analysis of periodic research reports on prospects of feed «Aller Aqua» in the diet of rainbow trout. Overview conceptual experience of increasing the volume of production of this important sector of agricultural production as the breeding and rearing of trout. Trout industry is the most productive direction of the coldwater aquaculture. Costs highly specialized feed for growing trout reach 70% of the total cost of the fish, so the features of feeding, nutritional feed and cultivation technology is relevant and of interest to manufacturers. Today on the Ukrainian market sales volume of feed for trout is a leading foreign firms: Aller Aqua, Biomar, Skretting and others. The quality of the manufactured products of domestic manufacturers often inferior to the requirements of the feed for trout, as domestic production is not always withstand competition. Therefore, at the present rate of trout industry as a promising field of fish farming, and the corresponding demand for feed for valuable fish species such high dependence on imports, now greatly reduces the volume of cold-water aquaculture cultivation sites that accordingly obliges producers special animal feed to improve their quality. The basis of our research is tasked with optimizing normalized using feeding trout feed «Aller Aqua» and results analysis and comparative characteristics of growing trout using Ukrainian feed manufacturers. Purpose is to clarify the nature of the impact of feed «Aller Aqua» and physiological metabolism, growth, development, reproduction and obtaining marketable products rainbow trout that could be the basis for conclusions about the appropriateness and use of feed rules «Aller Aqua», and the possibility of alternative feed means in terms of economy.


The research study about challenges faced by Japan in maintaining national identity. In this study, the actions ofthe Japanese government will be examined in their efforts to preserve. Time interval in Japan history for their transformation in recognizing identity
will also be explained to illustrate the discussion and debate ofidentity before the second world war to the present. In addition, discussions on measures undertaken by Japan to address the problem of national identity will also be explored in order to analyze the model u..fiied by Japan to address the problem ofnational identity duet 0 globalization and others factor can either be applied by other countries.


Objectives This study compared the socioeconomic status, medical use and expenditures for infants (1–5 years), juveniles (6–12 years), and adolescents (13–19 years) with a chronic condition or disease to determine factors affecting health spending. Methods Data from 3,677 minors (< 20 years old, without disabilities) were extracted from the Korea Health Panel (2015) database. Results Minors with chronic conditions or diseases were older (juveniles, and adolescents; p < 0.001), and included a higher proportion of Medicaid recipients (p = 0.004), a higher use of hospital outpatient care (p < 0.001), and higher medical expenditure (p < 0.001) compared to minors without chronic conditions or diseases. Boys were more likely to have a chronic condition or disease than girls (p = 0.036). Adolescents and juveniles were more likely than infants to have a chronic condition or disease (p = 0.001). Medicaid recipients were more likely to have a chronic condition or disease than those who were not Medicaid recipients (p = 0.008). Minors who had been hospital outpatients were more likely to have a chronic condition or disease, compared with minors who had not been an outpatient (p = 0.001). Having a chronic condition or disease, was a factor increasing medical expenditure (p = 0.001). Medical expenditure was higher in infants than in juveniles and adolescents (p = 0.001). Infants had higher rates of medical use when compared with juveniles and adolescents (p = 0.001). Conclusion These findings suggest that systematic health care management for minors with chronic conditions or diseases, is needed.


Objective Discuss the effect of clozapine treatment of refractory schizophrenia. Methods Select 88 cases of patients with treatment- resistant schizophrenia,randomly divided into experimental group and control group,each group of 44 cases,control group risperidone was given to the experimental group on the basis of risperidone therapy using clozapine treatment,to observe the therapeutic effect of two groups of patients. Results Experimental treatment in patients with total effective rate 93. 2%,control group total effective rate was 79. 5%; The experimental group after treatment in patients with PANSS score significantly lower than the control group,compared to significant difference( P 0. 05),with statistical significance. Conclusion For treatment- resistant schizophrenia patients,the use of clozapine treatment,can effectively improve the treatment effect,reduce the patient's clinical symptoms,improve quality of life,is worth promoting.


Hydrogeophysical investigation of the area around Angware and its environs was carried out. It is about 25km 2 and lies between latitudes 10 0 00'N and 9 0 58'N and longitudes 9 0 05'E and 9 0 08'E. Schlumberger resistivity configuration method was used and interpreted with IP2Win 2.1 program. Geologically is underlain by Precambrian Basement complex(600±150Ma) and Mesozoic Younger  Granites(130-150Ma). Computer aided results showed that the area is characterized by seven curve-types (A,H,Q,HA,QH,KA and QK) and 3,4 and 5 geo-electric layers with resistivity range and thickness of 100-692Ωm,1.4-51m; 15.7-1300Ωm,0.9-84m; and 72-504Ωm,0.9-36m respectively. The aquiferous zone revealed by the results is  weathered/fractured Basement at a depth between 10-35m and resistivity range from 18-107Ωm, drilling depth of 20-45m is recommended for maximum yields. Keywords : Hydro Geophysical, Angware, Aquifer, Geo-Electric


The detection of radioactive target is becoming more important recently in public safety and national security. By using the physical law for nuclear radiation isotopes, this chapter proposes a statistical method for wireless sensor network data to detect and locate a hidden nuclear target in a large study area. The method assumes multiple radiation detectors have been used as sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network. Radiation counts have been observed by sensors and each is composed of a radiation signal plus a radiation background. By considering the physical properties of radiation signal and background, the proposed method can simultaneously detect and locate the radioactive target in the area. Our simulation results have shown that the proposed method is effective and efficient in detection and location of the nuclear radioactive target. This research will have wide applications in the nuclear safety and security problems.


Purulia, the western most district of West Bengal lies between 22°60ʹ and 23°50ʹ north latitude and 85°76ʹ and 86°65ʹ east latitude. Almost twelve ethnic groups (Bhumij, Birhor, Gond, Ho, Kharia, Kharwar, Kurmi, Lodha, Malpaharya, Munda Oraon, Santal) present in this district. The tribal people who reside in a very remote rural areas are fully dependent upon the herbals for the treatment of their different diseases as the nursing home and hospitals are far away from them. About 32 plant species have been recorded from this district for the treatment of carbuncle disease. The method of preparation of medicine, mode of administration and dosage application have been recorded from the tribal people and local herbal practitioners or healers of the district.  In most of the cases leaves of the investigated Plants were used for the treatment of carbuncle.


The effects of scraping stem and applying ABT #1 rooting powder at stem surface on the rooting of Salacca zalacca upper air layering were studied to raise the survival rate of seedlings.By taking no scraping stem and wiping water on the stem as the controls,the S.zalacca seedlings were treated.The leaf length and number of roots of the layerage seedlings were measured at regular intervals,thereby evaluating the seedlings' growth performance and rooting rate.It was concluded that the stem-scrapped seedlings had a significantly higher rooting rate than that of no stem-scraped seedlings but had a very significant low leaves growth than non-scrapped seedlings.Besides the rooting numbers of the seedlings treated with ABT #1 rooting powder were significantly greater than that of no-wiping ABT #1 rooting powder,the rooting number was positively correlated to the concentration of applying ABT#1 rooting powder,when the concentration was 1000 mg/L,the rooting efficiency(performance price ratio)reached the peak value.


Objective:To observe the effect of extraction of propolis on memory and learning ability of mice and approach initially the mechanism of action Methods:The learning and memory of mice were determined by Y-labyrinthic method.Results:Extraction of Propolis could decrease the error number(EN) of mice(P0.01).EN were increased after the mice were injected scopolamine(P0.01).Extraction of Propolis could decrease the rise(P0.01).Conclusion:extraction of propolis could improve memory and learning ability,and improve.


Resources for the study of all aspects of accounting and finance, including books, databases of journal and newspaper articles, and recommended websites.


A summary is given of the data from the census made on the 15th January 1970 in the Soviet Union of the population as structured by age, sex and education, and by nationality and language, enphasizing the most important variations with respect to previous cod, only 46 of them having more than 100,000 persons ach) are especially interesting. The Slave nationalities taken together comprise 73% of the total population, but the Russians in the strict sense of the term have recreased from the 54,6% of 1939 to the 53% of 1970; the Turkish peoples are progressing (on account of their greater demographical increase), and spreading beyond their traditional territories. In recompense,however,the Russian language is gaining ground among the peoples of other origins, both as mother language and as second language;59% of the whole population now speaks Russian, and a further 18% is able to speak it.


Pipeline corrosion, especially in regions with a harsh climate such as Ural or Siberia in Russia, is a significant problem for oil and gas transport infrastructure. Disastrous destruction of pipelines can be prevented if the corrosion is detected early by non-destructive testing (NDT) methods. There are a lot of NDT methods available for corrosion monitoring, but they suffer from drawbacks. For example, they are not applicable for rough surfaces, their contrast ability is low and a size-selective contrasting of nano-sized corrosion defects is unavailable. We have developed a modified penetrant method in which a visual inspection is replaced by a mapping of nanocracks contrasted by the penetrant – photoluminescent metal nanoparticles. Nanoparticles fill in nanocracks that are wider than the nanoparticles diameter. After that the nanoparticles can be detected by femtosecond laser-induced photoluminescence and second harmonic generation, thus enabling sizeselective contrasting of surface defects. This method allows selectively contrasting of nanocracks with a different width by changing size of nanoparticles. Furthermore, it is possible to distinguish deep cracks from shallow surface defects. Preliminary results suggest to be applicable for testing of other high-loaded materials such as outer skin of aircraft or spacecraft.


The ad-hoc networks don't necessarily rely on infrastructure such as base stations and the network can be easily constructed autonomously and automatically. However, such network systems use wireless links, therefore the nodes cannot be always surely connected because of the limit of transmission range. Also, the node distribution is uncertain, therefore the connectivity or connectedness for the entire network cannot be guaranteed. In order to guarantee a stable connectivity of networks, in this paper we use the connectivity measure as the degree of connectedness among two or more nodes. By using Shadowing radio model, we calculate the connectivity degree and analyze the performance of ad-hoc network.


This article mainly concerns deriving first-order and second-order necessary (and partly sufficient) optimality conditions for a general class of constrained optimization problems via smoothing regularization procedures based on infimal-like convolutions/envelopes. In this way, we obtain first-order optimality conditions of both lower subdifferential and upper subdifferential types and then second-order conditions of three kinds involving, respectively, generalized second-order directional derivatives, graphical derivatives of first-order subdifferentials and second-order subdifferentials defined via coderivatives of first-order constructions.


in José Bowen's extensive Bibliography of Performance Analysis (11 February 1999, www.georgetown.edu/departments/AMT/ music/bowen/perfbiblio.html [accessed 22 September 2001]). But Day is right to exhort scholars to investigate the value of recordings as historical documents. More can be done in this area, and if Day's work encourages others, it will have provided a valuable service to music scholarship. Despite any misgivings, A Century of Recorded Music is to be commended and recommended. It is an intelligent, wellresearched work, and an important contribution to the literature that should be on the bookshelves of university libraries and record enthusiasts everywhere.


Lactic acid is used as an environmentally safe herbicide against a variety of grass and broadleaf weed species. However, it was found to be toxic to certain leguminous weeds and may also be toxic to important legume crops including mung bean. The effect of varying concentrations of lactic acid on the growth and morphological characteristics of two types of mung bean seedlings was determined to test the possibility of its safe use on the crop. Our findings show that although an 8% lactic acid concentration was toxic to both types of mung bean, they differed in their tolerance to lower concentrations in terms of root and shoot length and fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots. Minimum tolerance was observed at 2% lactic acid for both mung bean types. These tolerable concentrations are already much higher than those reported to be toxic to certain weed species, indicating that high concentrations of lactic acid may be safe to use on mung bean. The findings of this research can provide relevant information on the potential use of lactic acid as an organic herbicide and its possible effects on the growth of mung beans as well as other important legume crops.


This paper analyses the details of the process by which the Andalusian ethnolinguistic identity is one of the most stigmatised in the Hispanic cultural context, which is even taken as an example of this type of processes at a global level. Among the reasons for the stigmatisation of speakers and scribes of the Andalusian language are the framework of power relations characteristic of colonisation and the dynamics of acculturation and underestimation of the cultural —and therefore linguistic— traits of the subalternised Andalusian people (whose territory is located in the western Mediterranean, in the Spanish state). Among the effects of these dynamics is also a kind of linguistic resilience that has been developing, especially in recent decades, a socio-cultural movement known as Andalophile, an agent of a whole diversity of ethno-literary production, oral, musical and visual literature which, sometimes unintentionally, poses a challenge to the ethnocentric perspective of linguistic Spanishism, building a linguistic identity without complexes among broad sectors of Andalusian society.


A dual contrast agent that combines perfluorocarbon droplets and metal nanoparticles has been developed for combined ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging. Metal nanoparticles were incorporated in dodecafluoropentane (DDFP) droplets encapsulated in a bovine serum albumin (BSA) shell. To embed aqueous colloidal suspensions of metal nanoparticles in DDFP, a phase transfer of the plasmonic nanoparticles was completed in two different strategies, a single and a double ligand exchange of capping materials. Emulsion techniques were used to encapsulate phase transferred metal nanoparticles within the DDFP droplets. Spectrophotometry and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize and to confirm successful fabrication of the dual contrast agent.


Who was [Eleanor Rathbone] before she publicly addresses the oppression of the women of India in 1929? Born in 1872 into a wealthy Liverpool family with a long tradition of radical reformist campaigning -- its motto "Whatever ought to done can be done" -- Eleanor Rathbone became a social worker and social analyst after reading Philosophy at Oxford. Her first book was How the Casual Labourer Lives (1909) -- a study of the destructive effect of (un)employment patterns in the Liverpool docks. She was then elected the first woman Liverpool City Councillor and consistently campaigned on womens issues including the struggle for the franchise. In 1913 she published The Condition of Widows under the Poor Law in Liverpool and in 1917 she founded the "Family Endowment Committee." This marked the start of Eleanor Rathbones forty-year campaign in Britain for financial independence for wives and mothers via a State-paid family maintenance allowance for their children -- an alternative to the tradition of paying men a notional "family wage" with which to "keep" their "dependents." In 1924 Eleanor Rathbone published her book The Disinherited Family to make the theoretical social economic and feminist case for paying women this "Family Allowance." She was not thereby advocating the confining of all married women to the home but allowing women the choice either of being paid for child and invalid care they provided or else paying others to do the job while they worked outside the home. Her central feminist position was defined in her attack of the idea that the husband should be the economic provider for and therefore controller of his family -- "A man has no right to want to keep half the world in purgatory because he enjoys playing redeemer to his own wife and children." (authors)


ABSTRACT The 3′-terminal 350 nucleotides of the tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV) genome span the end of the capsid protein (CP)-coding sequence and the 3′ nontranslated region (NTR). The CP-coding sequence within this region contains a 105-nucleotide cis-active element required for genome replication (S. Mahajan, V. V. Dolja, and J. C. Carrington, J. Virol. 70:4370–4379, 1996). To investigate the sequence and secondary structure requirements within the CP cis-active region and the 3′ NTR, a systematic linker-scanning mutagenesis analysis was done. Forty-six mutations, each with two to six nucleotide substitutions, were introduced at consecutive hexanucleotide positions in the genome of a recombinant TEV strain expressing a reporter protein (β-glucuronidase). Genome amplification activity of each mutant in the protoplast cell culture system was measured. Mutations that severely debilitated genome amplification were identified throughout the CP-codingcis-active sequence and at several distinct locations within the 3′ NTR. However, based on a computer model of RNA folding, mutations that had the most severe effects mapped to regions that were predicted to form base-paired secondary structures. Linker-scanning mutations predicted to affect either strand of a base-paired structure within the CP-coding cis-active sequence, a base-paired structure between two segments of the CP-coding cis-active sequence and a contiguous 14-nucleotide segment of the 3′ NTR, and a base-paired structure near the 3′ terminus of the 3′ NTR inactivated genome amplification. Compensatory mutations that restored base pair interactions in each of these regions restored amplification activity, although to differing levels depending on the structure restored. These data reveal that the 3′ terminus of the TEV genome consists of a series of functionally discrete sequences and secondary structures and that the CP-coding sequence and 3′ NTR are coadapted for genome amplification function through a requirement for base pair interactions.


ABSTRACT After the southern part of an old-growth, mesic southern forest dominated by Fagus grandifolia and Acer saccharum in southwestern Michigan, USA, had been clearcut, it was converted to a pasture. In 1919 grazing ceased on the pasture, and it and the old-growth forest to the north were protected as a natural area, later named Warren Woods State Park. At that time the pasture began to develop into a second-growth forest from root and stump sprouts and seeds. In 2014, 2018, and 2019, the tree species composition of the old-growth and second-growth forest was studied to answer the following questions: (1) How, when, and from where did the current species of the second-growth forest arrive? (2) Is there any evidence that the second-growth forest is trending toward the composition of the old-growth forest? (3) If so, what changes are predicted to occur? Data show that the second-growth forest has become a hardwood forest dominated by A. rubrum, Liriodendron tulipifera, Prunus serotina, and Quercus rubra with a subcanopy of A. saccharum and F. grandifolia. Finally, size class frequency distributions of F. grandifolia and A. saccharum, but not of the current canopy dominants, indicate that the second-growth forest may be trending toward the composition and structure of the old-growth forest that preceded it. As it does, tree species richness and diversity will decrease as basal area increases.


The third generation photovoltaic technology mandates high efficiency and low cost. Efficiency will increase when the absorber becomes capable of absorbing more photons, leading to formation of excitons in the absorber. The proposed GaP/InGaAs/InGaSb triple junction solar cell is designed to convert more incident photons to electricity, executing higher internal quantum efficiency (IQE), promoting higher efficiency solar cells. The use of InGaSb (0.54 eV) as a bottom subcell layer empowers the collection of photons deeper in infrared spectrum. This paper presents the result of QE vs. wavelength of each subcell layer. We optimized IQE vs. wavelength by varying different parameters like thicknesses and diffusion lengths to attain higher efficiency and making the solar cells more cost-effective.


The present invention relates to a resin for a blister package and a preparation method thereof. The resin for a blister package according to the present invention is a water-soluble resin minimizing harmful factors due to remaining solvents and has good coating properties with respect to a base. Especially, a resin layer formed by using the resin exhibits excellent heat sealing properties inducing little modification under heat sealing temperature conditions.


The case of Syria is closely related to the civil and political rights of its citizens, the Syrian Government has violated the civil and political rights of its citizens, namely the violation of the right to life and the right to be free from torture. But as a member of the United Nations, Syria has ratified the ICCPR on 21 April 1969. ICCPR basically contains provisions on restrictions on use Authority by the state's repressive apparatus. The approach method used in this research is normative juridical which focuses on research on applicable legal provisions, namely on How's the Effectiveness of Implementation and Compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) in the Case of Violations of the Right to Life and the Right to be free from tortured in Syria. The specification of this research is descriptive analysis by showing the lack of legal protection in the field of Syrian immigrants and then conducting an analysis with various related legal sources. Syria as a member country of the ICCPR has carried out its obligations by sending periodic reports on cases of civil and political rights violations in Syria that are likely to experience delays. Syria has not yet ratified Optional Protocol I, so Syria can not be adapted by other ICCPR member states on the rights and politics in Syria, nor can there be any individual complaints by the Syrians against cases of civil and political rights. The author also concludes that in view of recent cases in Syria, it can be said that it violates the provisions of Article 6 & 7 ICCPR.


The solid-state infrared spectra (700-1300 cm/sup -1/) of ferrocene, nickelocene, and ruthenocene exhibit significant changes with hydrostatic pressure (0-120 kbar). A number of bands show a continuous increase in intensity with increasing pressure; also, several new bands appear in this spectral region at elevated pressures. These changes are discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions between molecules within unit cell, whereby the motions of the molecules are coupled to such an extreme as to impact intensity to vibrational modes that were previously dipole forbidden.


ABSTRACT Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, sirolimus, and everolimus are commonly used immunosuppressants following organ transplantation. Their monitoring is used to determine the optimal dose for therapeutic effectiveness and minimize toxicity. High-performance liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometry with positive electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring mode was validated for the determination of cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, sirolimus, and everolimus in whole blood. A C18 analytical column was employed with a gradient elution of pH 4.0 aqueous 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate and acetonitrile. For the pretreatment of whole blood, simple protein precipitation was used with methanol:zinc sulfate. The calibration curves were linear from 20.0 to 1000 ng/mL for cyclosporine A, 1.0 to 50 ng/mL for tacrolimus and sirolimus, and 1.0 to 30 ng/mL for everolimus. The intra-assay precision and inter-assay precision were less than 15%. The method provides reliable and reproducible results according to the linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, and matrix effects. The method has been introduced to routine clinical practice in Slovakia for the determination of immunosuppressants in patients after kidney transplantation.


Whether or not this more moderate pace is sustained will depend on the net effect of a range of contrasting forces likely to be affecting the economy in the period ahead. Several factors, including a slowdown in global growth, continuing strains in world fi nancial markets and tight domestic fi nancial conditions, are working to dampen demand. Working in the other direction, a further increase in Australia's terms of trade this year will provide a substantial stimulus to incomes and spending. Given the nature of these forces, their net effect is subject to signifi cant uncertainty. On balance, the Board's judgment at this stage is that growth in domestic demand will remain moderate this year, and that this will help to reduce infl ation over time.


and the Chinese authoritiesThe Buddhist temples and their political connectionsTibetan local authorities2- French missionaries' first steps to settleFrom individual to collective conversionThe missionaries, a growing power and a new authority3- Ritual and political legitimacyThe debt slavery systemDebt, property and hierarchyRitual and political centralization4- Conclusion


In vivo cold exposure is the main stimulus to activate the unique mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP)1, known for mediating heat production in brown and beige adipocytes. In vitro, UCP1 adipogenic response under hypothermic conditions requires an extended evaluation in order to be comparable to an in vivo cellular function. We have developed a new in vitro culture system to induce adipogenic browning in bone marrow (BM) derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), using exposure to reduced temperature during differentiation. Incubation at 32°C instead of 37°C over the course of the culture treatment was seen to promote brown adipogenesis with increased adipocyte response and upregulation of adipogenic and thermogenic factors including UCP1. Adipocytes differentiated under hypothermic conditions displayed enhanced uncoupled respiration and metabolic adaptation, as well as significant durable changes in cellular and molecular features. These results suggest that MSC available from accessible tissue sources can be differentiated in vitro using cold temperature conditions to favor the appearance of functional beige‐like adipocytes. This cell‐based model represents a new valuable tool to screen for pro‐browning factors in vitro and elucidate the mechanism of metabolic adaptation relevant to the browning process.


Abstract This paper outlines a theoretical model of the broad entrepreneurial process that takes place during founding episodes that lead to the creation of independently-owned, new growth firms. The model outlines four broad stages, containing fourteen major steps that map the entrepreneurial behavioural process pursued during founding episodes of new growth firms. The model was developed from a synthesis of theory and the growth firm creation experiences of the authors. The process model has been used by the authors to guide the learning of more than 2,200 undergraduate and postgraduate university students in Australia studying the entrepreneurial process of creating new growth firms. Student feedback suggests high levels of acceptance and satisfaction with the model as a guide to understanding the entrepreneurial process.


Abstract This article explores a set of questions about the 'idea of freedom' that Kant introduces in the fourth paragraph of Groundwork III. I develop a reading that supports treating it as a normative notion and brings out its normative content in some detail. I argue that we should understand the idea as follows: that it is a general feature of reasoning and judgement that it understands itself to be a correct or sound application of the normative standards of the relevant domain of cognition, not influenced by irrelevant or external factors. Reasoning and judgement are thus normatively committed to these standards of correctness. A second and related concern is to explore connections between the idea of freedom and Kant's conception of autonomy and to identify different points at which autonomy plays a role in the argument of Groundwork III. In the final section, I mine the idea of freedom for a set of normative commitments specific to rational agency that play a foundational role in Kant's moral conception.


During rounded vowels the outer end of the vocal tract may be modeled as an ellipse in the plane perpendicular to the midline. But in other vowels the termination of the vocal tract has a more complex shape because the corners of the lips are not in the same plane as the opening in the midline. in order to investigate appropriate ways of modeling lip actions, three trained subjects were recorded and photographed while saying pairs of vowels such as [i, y; e, o; Ɯ, u]. In saying each pair subjects took care to hold the tongue position steady and to move only the lips. For each of the rounded vowels a computer model was set up with the observed lip opening and the vocal tract shape that produced the best match to the observed formant frequencies. With this vocal tract shape maintained, the lip opening was then set to that observed in the corresponding unrounded vowel. By varying the distance of the lip opening from the glottis, a program found the best acoustic match to the unrounded vowel. The results indicate the way in which the apparent location of the termination of the vocal tract varies with lip opening.


The relation between evidence-based thinking of medical postgraduates and literature retrieval teaching was analyzed,the importance of training evidence-based thinking of medical postgraduates was elucidated,the possibility of training evidence-based thinking of medical postgraduates and its related problems with their solution measures were discussed.


. The current usage of foundation stone on some houses in Indonesia are need to be encountered. This usage need to be developed further than the usage of stone foundation. In this research, the foundation made of precast inside is not fully charged but hollowed. Foundation pit portion can be useful as utilized channels and so on. Foundation construction method is very easy to do and practical addition to environmental friendliness. Base models are made in the form of shallow foundation and can be produced outside of the project site is in the fabrication of precast concrete. The purpose of this study was to design a better model foundation to reach the maximum compressive force. The research results in the pressure test of 7 days a foundation capable of receiving compressive load of 8 tons. Based on the results of this research, the foundation model needs to be developed further, so that the foundation can be implemented in a better simple house foundation construction.


Asymmetric broadening of Hα line from cathode glow region has been studied. In the cathode glow, mean energy and fractional population of very fast hydrogen atoms were found to be ∼130 eV and ∼55%, respectively. These values reduced to ∼90 eV and ∼20% when measured at negative glow region. The observed asymmetry was attributed to the presence of the fast hydrogen atoms near the cathode surface. The mean energy and number density of excited fast hydrogen atoms were estimated from the velocity distribution of H+, H2+, and H3+ considering collisions inside the cathode sheath. The reduction in the mean energy and number density of the excited fast hydrogen atoms, at the other locations of the discharge, was explained by energy relaxation and thermalization of the neutrals with the background gas.


With CO2-laser radiation glass material can be melted and ablated. These processes are used to reduce the surface roughness of optics by melting (laser polishing) as well as to reduce form errors by ablation (high precision laser ablation). The manufacturing time in particular for polishing and form correction of nonspherical optics can be reduced significantly. Current results of laser polishing and high precision laser ablation are presented. With laser polishing, the surface roughness of fused silica, borosilicate glass (BK7) and flint glass (S-TIH6) can be reduced significantly. But, the achieved waviness is not yet sufficient for imaging optics. Hence, high precision laser ablation is used to ablate material locally in a vertical dimension down to 5 nm.


worker. Similarly, the social worker's evaluation of the patient may be essential in arriving at a diagnosis of his problem. The consultation given by the psychiatrist may add immeasurably to an understanding of the dynamics of the patient's behavior. The essence of teamwork in the Center is the respect of staff members for one another and interest in hearing various professional reactions before moving together into joint planning. We have not discussed the importance of reintegrating the patient with society. Much needs to be done in helping to create more community understanding of his needs. Even in an urban community like ours there are gaps in community planning for this type of patient, Study of these gaps and subsequent action to ensure that these gaps are filled are needed.


Compared with SRAM,DRAM saves chip area.This paper mainly introduce the design method of the built-in DRAM.The improved 3-T DRAM,saves the space and reduces the power consumption.The refresh circuit have been optimized,omitting the arbitration circuit.Combining the features of the chip,row decoder circuit and column decoder circuit are designed.Combining the simulation verification with form verification,the chip simulation is made.Meanwhile,the post-simulation is accomplished using the method of structure extraction of parasitic parameter and setting of circure path.


The picking performance of a robot can be severely affected by measurement errors, especially when handling objects that are fragile or irregular in shape and size. This is one of the main reasons that the problem of autonomously picking and placing objects is not solved. In this article, we exploit the "embodied" intelligence of soft robotic technologies to propose an integrated system, named SoftHandler, capable of overcoming some of the limitations of traditional pick-and-place industrial robots. The SoftHandler (Figure 1) integrates a novel parallel soft manipulator, the SoftDelta, and a novel soft end effector, the Pisa/(Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia) IIT SoftGripper.


Haematite ore pellets require very high induration temperature (>1573 K) while, magnetite ore pellets require much lower temperature due to the oxidation of magnetite during induration. Mixing of some magnetite in haematite ore can improve the sintering property of pellets during induration. Mill scale is a waste material of steel plant which contains mainly FeO and Fe3O4. It can also be blended in haematite ore pellet mix which can enhance diffusion bonding and recrystallisation bonding and facilitate sintering at the lower temperature like magnetite ore. The extent of improvement in sintering property, sintering mechanism and its kinetics in the presence of mill scale is very imperative to study. In current study, the sintering characteristics of acidic iron ore pellet with 15% mill scale and without mill scale has been studied separately through microstructure observation, apparent porosity measurement and volume change. The volume changes due to heating at varying temperature and time has been measured by mercury displacement method and the data has been exploited for sintering kinetics study, wherein, extent of sintering α has a power relation with time. Several kinetics parameters such as time exponent (n), rate constant (k) and activation energies have been estimated for above two pellets and compared. While acidic pellet without mill scale requires 385 k cal mol−1, acidic pellet with 15% mill scale requires only 310 k cal mol−1 activation energy.


It was situation about reform of practice teaching of undergraduate course of innovative and applied financial management, which was from the goal of applied and meeting the market demand of financial management personnel. Then it proposed corresponding solving measures, which were the discipline integration and culture stage "level, teaching mode of" multi-channel of practice teaching mode, enriching the teachers of "double teacher type" and the establishment of full-time and part-time teaching team and a scientific and effective practice teaching evaluation system to achieve reform of practice teaching of undergraduate course of innovative and applied financial management.


Scheme processes about complicated engineering systems are certainly complex on account of the interdependencies among submodules in the same tier and between tiers of a segmented hierarchy. In the design process with decision mode, this effects in communications among groups of design decisions. It is important to extract and represent the knowledge relevant to the decision communications for developing design process with decision mode. There are two critical issues addressed regarding the modeling of communications: decision types and these are made in various tiers. To stress the above two issues, there are several fundamental communication models defined among decisions in this study. Meanwhile, a presented ontology to identify the knowledge connected with these communication models. Critical benefits of the ontology involve that a hierarchical communications between decisions can be extracted, and a decision task-flows with accessible, adaptable, and implementable features for developing more complex systems can be generated. The applicability of the ontology is shown by scheme for an automotive braking troubleshooting service example.


The purpose of this article is to explore brand value networks and transmission mechanism in sharing economy based on prosumption logic. This study used Charmaz's constructivist grounded theory to analyze the lectures and interviews, which come from founders and executives of Airbnb, Uber, Xiaozhu.com, and Didi. After coding analysis, we finally proposed a research model to explain the frame of brand value and showed the brand value transmission mechanism based on prosumption logic. In this article, we constructed that the frame of brand value based on prosumption logic consists of brand value, brand value net, and water wave effect. The water wave effect reveals the transmission mechanism of brand value under the logic of prosumption, which is not a chain transmission model, but a water wave mechanism. Overall, our results enrich the literature in the field of brand value in sharing economy.