Auxin is involved in almost every aspect of plant growth and development, from embryogenesis to senescence. Indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) is the main known natural auxin that is synthesized by enzymes tryptophan aminotransferase of arabidopsis (TAA) and YUCCA (YUC) of the flavin‐containing monooxygenases family (FMO) from one of the tryptophan‐dependent pathways. Genome‐wide identification and comprehensive analysis of the YUC‐protein family have been conducted in Coffea canephora in the present study. A total of 10 members CcYUC gene family were identified in C. canephora. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the CcYUC protein family is evolutionarily conserved, and they consist of four groups. In contrast, bioinformatic analysis predicted a hydrophobic transmembrane helix (TMH) for one CcYUC (YUC10) member only. Isoelectric point (pI), molecular mass (Ms), signal peptide, subcellular localization, and phosphorylation sites were predicted for CcYUC proteins. YUC enzymes require the prosthetic group flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and the cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) for their enzymatic activity. Therefore, we include the molecular docking for CcYUC2‐FAD‐NADPH‐IPyA and yucasin, which is a specific inhibitor for YUC activity. The docking results showed FAD and NADPH binding at the big and small domain sites, respectively, in CcYUC2. IPyA binds very close to FAD along the big domain, and yucasin competes for the same site as IPA, blocking IAA production. Furthermore, in silico point mutations affect the stability of the CcYUC2‐4 proteins.


This paper deal with the problem of H∞ robust fault estimation for discrete time nonlinear system with a sector bounded nonlinear additive terms and multiple bounded state delay using the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model. A fuzzy-fault estimation observer (FFEO) design is proposed to achieve fault estimation of T-S state delay models using fuzzy Lyapunov functions (FLF) with actuator and sensor faults. The disturbance rejection attenuation is constrained to a given level using a H∞-performance index. Sufficient conditions are established for the existence of the desired (FFEO) in terms of linear-matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, simulation results of numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method.


Majority of the younger generation of Sri Lanka in particular have a very low regard for the whole subject of politics. The reason for this has been the political dysfunction that they witness in their day-to-day lives. The most common dialogue they hear concerning politics is one where the older generations acknowledge that the political landscape is an utter mess.


The resonant structure in the conductivity of a two‐dimensional system such as a GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction is investigated using a memory function approach. In a one‐subband model the memory function obtains the expected dependence of the plasmon resonance on the electron concentration. A nonanalytic behavior is, however, obtained when a two‐subband model is employed within the random phase approximation. In particular, a negative lifetime is found at low frequencies that is attributed to its inability to handle the full electron‐electron interaction tensor. It is found that if certain matrix elements are discarded, the resulting memory function does become analytic. The result thus obtained for the electron lifetime agrees with experiment. In addition, the memory function calculated conductivity for the two‐subband case shows a richer structure than the one‐subband conductivity above.


An apparatus for the measuring of external forces by means of a preloaded roller bearing, provided with at least two strain gauges which serve to measure the forces applied to the bearings, in which apparatus the resistance variations of the strain gauge(s) are recorded individually, amplified individually and rectified indi vidually, whereby signals which are proportional to the external forces are obtained through subtraction from the rectified signals, while due to said subtraction those parts of the individually amplified and rectified signals due to internal forces are eliminated.


APA Citation Olanya, D. (2007).Foreign direct investment and development objectives in the Republic of Uganda [Thesis, the American University in Cairo]. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/retro_etds/2336 MLA Citation Olanya, David. Foreign direct investment and development objectives in the Republic of Uganda. 2007. American University in Cairo, Thesis. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/retro_etds/2336


A new type of radiometer is described that is suitable for the measurement of the intensity of thermal radiation in the range of 1–100 cal/cm2 sec. The instrument is a simple one. It produces an emf directly proportional to intensity and can be made to have a time‐constant of the order of 0.001 sec.Equations are derived to predict the performance of the instrument, and their results are compared with experimental data obtained from three prototypes.


Road accidents are one of the major issues to be addressed in recent days. Drowsiness while driving the vehicles is one of the major causes among them. Statistics state that drowsiness alert system is required to avoid this kind of problems in daily life. Few earlier inventions based on the movement of the vehicle and steering wheel angle which is not sufficient to prevent the damage. This paper proposes drowsiness identification system that identifies driver's drowsiness by capturing the image frames of the drivers face from the video stream depending on eye blinks and blinking interval. In this research work, D-CNN based model is suggested to detect the drowsiness and validate the system based on different circumstances like driver with and without glasses. Proposed D-CNN outperforms than other CNN models and able to detect drowsiness with 95% accuracy.


Party's 16th program pointed: " Adhere to the coordinated development of large and medium sized cities and small towns, and take the road of urbanization with Chinese characteristics ." 17thCongress report and 18th Party's report also pointed out that China's urban and rural planning model is the new requirements of development of urban model. Exploration of the planning and construction of the different urbanization patterns will accumulate rich experience for the development of contemporary China's new urbanization, at the same time, it may play important role for cities to aggregate economic resources, improve development efficiency and avoid some detours in the planning and construction. In this paper, we conduct the research on the development of urban communities in China and abroad, through the methods of field investigation and empirical analysis. Then, we study the development model of urban construction in Shanghai City, and the construction of urban communities in Britain and America are studied in detail. The theoretical research helps to deepen understanding and grasp the inherent law of the development of China's urbanization, promote the development of new urbanization in our country. Finally, we compared the development planning in China and abroad, find out their similarity and difference, and put forward the experience that we should learn related to urban community construction. This also increases our awareness of the great role of urban and rural planning in the economic and social, and actively promote the rapid development of urbanization.


A significant amount of work has been done on the effects of Artemia enrichment on shrimp larvae. It is well known that penaeid shrimps have a limited ability to synthesize highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA). This study was carried out to investigate the effects of enrichment artemia with n-3 HUFA on growth and survival during the larval culturing of Penaeus semisulcatus in experiments. P. semisulcatus larvea from Mysis I to eleven days postlarvae (PL9) were fed without Artemia-enriched ( Artemia nauplii ) (WE) and an emulsion containing high levels of n-3 HUFA (SELC). In the end of the experiment, higher levels of n-3 HUFA, especially 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, were found in the enriched Artemia. The larvae grown from M1 to PL1 or to PL9 displayed higher survival (93.20% at PL1 or 79.13% at PL9) in SELC treatments. The total length (TL) at PL1 (5.33–5.34 mm TL, respectively) did not significantly differences between groups. However, final total length of PL9 was significantly higher in SELC (9.25 mm/day TL) than in WE (8.97 mm/day TL). Supplementation of n-3 HUFA during larviculture increases the survival tolerance of P. semisulcatus in postlarvae, positively affects growth performance after 12 days. N-3 HUFA enriched Artemia can positively affect growth rate and effectively improve the total length and survival of the early stages of P. semisulcatus. In addition, the results showed better effects on growth performance and environmental effects using Artemia enriched before switching to this type of mixed feed. This is considered to be an obvious potential application for intensive hatcheries. This is considered to be a clear potential application for intensive hatcheries. It is recommended to use the larvae for survival problems that are frequently encountered during the transition phase.


Development of high yielding and drought tolerant cultivars is one of the prime objectives of all wheat breeding programs. An experiment was performed at Malakandher Research Farm, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar during 2011-12 to evaluate 14 wheat advance lines with four cultivars i.e Atta-Habib, Siren, Pirsabak-2005 and Pirsabak-2008 used as checks under rainfed conditions. The experiment was not irrigated throughout the whole growing season. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. Each entry was planted in 03 rows, 03 meter long and 30 cm apart. To minimize environmental effects on the genotypes recommended cultural practices were applied same for all the treatments. Data were recorded on 6 parameters viz, days to maturity, spike length, spikelets spike -1 , grains spike -1 , spike weight and spike density. Highly significant differences were observed for all the parameters. Mean values for genotypes ranged between 161.3 to 167.3 for days to maturity, 9.57 to 12.86 cm for spike length, 15.13 to 19.93 for no. of spikelets per spike, 41.05 to 60.80 grains spike -1 , 2.47 to 3.61g for spike weight and 0.531 to 0.675 for spike density. Spike density was positive and highly significantly correlated with spike length, positive significant correlated with days to maturity, negative highly significantly correlated with spikelets spike -1 . Based on the results of this study MPT7 can be recommended to be used in further breeding programs as it has high spike length, spikelets spike -1 , grains spike -1 , spike weight and spike density.


This article explores the influence of different colors of lights on human physiological parameters and at the same time the effects on human emotions, and tries to explore the inner connection of the changes. It helps us to better understand the color of lighting and apply it in daily life or commercial purpose, Then the experience of visual sensation will be enhanced. This article examines the changes in physiological parameters and the subjective emotional ratings triggered by the six lighting conditions such as red, green, blue, warm white, cold white and darkness. From the experiment results, the changes of physiological parameters and subjective emotions can be observed under different lighting conditions, which can be applied to guide lighting design and projects.


This paper,beginning with the defacto situation of different learning motivations of art majors,investigates and studies the learning motivations of art majors,in combination of textbook selection and use in our institute and using a comparative method,points out that the selection of good textbooks can meet students' demand,arouses positive learning motivation,and increases their English learning interests,which can improve the teaching quality.


The importance of nuns' labour has been downplayed for centuries, exemplifying the misconception that women's work is less valuable than that of their male counterparts.


The used of es at-risk correctly es only about one third of future smokers. Adding curiosity about this a smokers they smokers with The of about smoking with future smoking behavior was assessed. Then, curiosity was added to form an enhanced susceptibility index and sensitivity, speci fi city and positive predictive value were calculated. Results: Among committed never smokersatbaseline, those whowere ' de fi nitely not curious ' were lesslikely to progress toward smoking than both those who were ' probably not curious ' (OR adj = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.03 – 3.47) or ' probably/de fi nitely curious ' (OR adj = 2.88; 95% CI = 1.11 – 7.45). Incorporating curiosityinto the susceptibil- ity index increased the proportion identi fi ed as at-risk to smoke from 25.1% to 46.9%. The sensitivity (true positives) for this enhanced susceptibility index for both experimentation and established smoking increased from 37 – 40% to over 50%, although the positive predictive value did not improve. Conclusion: The addition of curiosity signi fi cantly improves the identi fi cation and classi fi cation of which adoles- cents will experiment with smoking or become established smokers.


This special session has called for contributions that demonstrate research in advanced human augmentation. The introduction briefly describes how the concept is currently understood, and, in the creative science spirit, depicts how it may be understood in the more distant future. To explain this, the introduction presents a short science fiction prototype that illustrates how future co-creative intelligence will combine human technology with human intelligence by emphasizing the role of human centricity in the advanced human augmentation vision. To achieve an overview of how the vision is currently being pursued, this special session demonstrates contemporary research that advances the ideas. In the session the nominated contribution is limited to the industrial work context, training and mentoring, and assistive augmentation for the elderly and visually impaired. The technological focus is mainly on virtual/mixed/augmented realities, eye-tracking systems and head-mounted displays.


The deformation and fracture behaviors under monaxial compression of a bulk metallic glass (BMG), Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu17.5, have been studied by using Instron Univeral-Testing Machine (IUTM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at room temperature. The samples experience the elastic and plastic deformation processes before fracture, and no work hardening is found during the plastic deformation. The macroscopic morphology of the cylinder samples shows the formation of shear bands along 45?angle with respect to the loading direction. The plastic deformation is a viscous flow behavior practically. The " vein " pattern forms in the course of deformation. Cracks form in the regions, where shear deformation is larger, after the plastic deformation accumulates to some degree. The time from the initiation and propagation of the crack to the: fracture is very short. The accumulation of the flow and the stress results in the fracture.


To carry out quality education comprehensively,ideological political and moral education must be enhanced and the quality of university teachers is an important factor.So teachers should change their traditional ideas and establish students oriented education model practically.They should enhance the theoretical study of pedagogy,educational psychology,educational history of China,foreign educational history and moral principles of teachers.Besides,university teachers should know clearly the educational aim of the students,pay attention to the quality of the talented,students have higher responsibility,look after lofty ideas,and foster the ability to judge correctly so as to be qualified teachers.


BACKGROUND
In order to elucidate the roles of tumor angiogenesis in lung carcinogenesis, the expressions of several angiogenic factors in lung carcinoma tissues were examined.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Tissue specimens from 112 cases of resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were studied. The expressions of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were examined immunohistochemically. Microvessel density (MVD) was also evaluated.

RESULTS
VEGF-positive cases were observed more frequently in advanced stage lung cancers than in early cancers, and VEGF-positive tumors had higher MVD than VEGF-negative tumors, while such differences were not observed for PD-ECGF. In squamous cell carcinoma, the patients with high-MVD tumor had significantly worse survival than those with low-MVD tumor.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that VEGF plays an important role in angiogenesis of lung cancers, while the contribution of PD-ECGF may be limited.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of leadership on followership of Super Deluxe hotel FB transactional and servant, and proactive and team spirit. Structural equational modeling using AMOS 18.0 was adopted to test research hypothesis. The results revealed that servant leadership showed positive impact both on proactive and team spirit of followership. On the contrary, transactional leadership was not related to neither of followership factors. The results of the study suggested important implications on successful management of hotel F&B organizations.


The present investigation deals with the biosorption of Zn2+, Cr3+, and Pb2+ in the liquid phase on the surface of zinc sequestering bacterium VMSDCM (accession no. HQ108109) cells immobilized on pineapple peel powder particles (the term sawdust has been used for immobilized microorganisms). In batch studies, the biosorption data design and regression model for predicting the relationship between the metal ion and their biosorption capacity used were Minimum Run Res V Design and quantitative ion character activity relationship (QICAR), respectively. The values of qmax calculated by the Langmuir isotherm were found to be in increasing order of Cr3+ < Zn2+ < Pb2+. The results of the present investigation showed that the pH and contact time played an important role in the removal of Zn2+ from the liquid phase. In case of Cr3+, the significant independent parameters associated with metal ion removal were the initial concentration of the metal ion and the pH. The important independent parameters for Pb2+ removal were the temperature (°C) and pH, respectively. In QICAR modeling, among all six physico-chemical characteristics only the ionization potential (eV) played a negative role in the biosorption of metal ions. The rationale behind the inverse relationship between the removal of metal ions and eV was the variation of the corresponding covalent index. The rest of the remaining five physico-chemical properties showed that regression models fitted quite well and were characterized by high values of the linear regression coefficient (R2), adjusted R2, and low values of the error function (χ2). In the present work, it was concluded that the immobilized cells of sawdust can be a suitable alternative for the removal of heavy metal ions from the liquid phase. The initial concentration of all the metals was kept at 50 mg L−1 each in the liquid phase. The residual concentrations of Zn2+, Cr3+, and Pb2+ after the biosorption were 0.4, 1.2, and 0.2 mg L−1, respectively.


This article provides theoretical foundations for the popular orthonormalised Laguerre polynomial (OLP) model of the yield curve, as originally introduced by Nelson and Siegel (1987). Intertemporal consistency is provided by deriving the volatility-adjusted OLP (VAO) model of the yield curve using the risk-neutral Heath, Jarrow and Morton (1992) framework, and including an allowance for term premia as noted in Duffee (2002). An economic interpretation is provided by deriving the relationship between the VAO model and the Berardi and Esposito (1999) yield curve model that is based on a generic general equilibrium model of the economy. In empirical applications using almost 50 years of United States data, the VAO model outperforms the random walk when used to forecast the yield curve out of sample, and the level of the yield curve as measured by the VAO model is shown to be cointegrated with CPI inflation, as predicted.


The factors affecting establishment of embryogenic suspensions from embryogenic calli, the methods of suspension maintenance and plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis of longan were studied. The results showed that the key factors for establishing an excellent embryogenic suspension were as follows: initiating from friable embryogenic callus in the liquid medium with the same components as the subculture medium of friable embryogenic callus free of agar; maintaining suspensions via alternative culture of the media amended with 5 mg L -1 AgNO 3 and 100 mg L -1 myo inositol, respectively. The embryogenic suspension cells formed somatic embryos at the frequency of 70 000~140 000 g -1 on the solid MS medium amended with 2% sucrose, 0.7% agar, 400 mg L -1 LH and 100 mg L -1 myo inositol. The somatic embryos were converted into plantlets at the frequency of over 65% after maturation. Plate 1, Fig 1, Tab 3, Ref 6


Development of transport sector is a timely need for a developing country such as Sri Lanka. Especially the public transport sector. Mass transit systems serve as the backbone transport systems while feeder modes enable the connections between the origins and mass transit connection points. Currently passengers use private feeders and non-private modes. A proper feeder network is vital for the success of a mass transit network.In this paper, Fort- Malabe LRT which is the newest mass transit that is being introduced to Sri Lanka, is analyzed. Spatial extents of catchment areas for access modes were taken using survey data for each feeder mode. The station wise catchment distances and corridor wise catchment distance for each mode is discussed and compared.There are two approaches utilized in identifying the geographical buffer area. In the first approach, circular buffer, the area that is contained by the Euclidean catchment distance is taken. In service area approach the catchment by road network is taken. The geographical catchment areas for different access modes were concluded, for each mode of feeder, using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and solutions that can be applied for maximizing the catchment areas were suggested using Conveyal analysis.


The research paper examines the influence of elections on the stock market. The study analyses whether the market reaction would be the same when a party wins and comes to power for the second consecutive time. The study employs Market Model Event study methodology. The sample period taken for the study is 2014 to 2019. A sample of 31 companies listed in Bombay Stock Exchange is selected at random for the purpose of the study. For the elections held in 2014, an event window of 82 days was taken with 39 days prior to the event and 42 days post event. The event (t0) being the declaration of the election results. For the elections held in 2019 an event window of 83 days was taken with 41 days prior to the event and 41 days post event. The results indicate that the market reacts positively with significantly positive Average Abnormal Returns. The findings of the study reveal that the impact on the market is not the same between any two elections even when the same party comes to power for the second time. The semi-strong form of efficient market hypothesis holds true in the context of emerging markets like India.


To provide a thermal spray device using thermal spraying nozzle device and it is possible to accurately realize a uniform and dense metal laminate. A by introducing a carrier gas to the inlet side of the nozzle 1 to form a supersonic gas flow therein throughout, a thermal spraying nozzle device for atomizing emit thermal spraying material by the gas stream, the linear spraying the spraying material 4 which is formed projecting a thermal spraying material inserting section 5 for inserting from the inlet side to the nozzle 1 in a gas stream and .FIELD 1


Oil continues to be a major source of world energy, but oil prices and funds have experienced high volatility over the last decade. This study applies the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity-mixed-data sampling (GARCH-MIDAS) model on data spanning 1 July 2014 to 30 April 2020 to examine volatility transmission from the equity, bulk shipping, commodity, currency, and crude oil markets to the United States Oil Fund (USO) and BlackRock World Energy Fund A2 (BGF). By dividing the sample into two subsamples, we find a significant volatility transmission from the equity market to the oil ETF and energy fund both before and after the 2018 U.S.–China trade war. The volatility transmission from the bulk shipping, commodity, and crude oil markets turns significant for the oil ETF and energy fund after the 2018 U.S.–China trade war, extending into the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020. The results suggest that investors can use the equity market to predict the movement of oil and energy funds during both tranquil and turmoil periods. Moreover, investors can use bulk shipping, commodity, and crude oil markets in addition to the equity market to forecast oil and energy funds' volatility during the turmoil periods. This paper benefits investors against the high volatility of the energy funds.


In this paper we show that the Thurston distance together with the critical exponent on the Teichmüller space of a convex cocompact hyperbolic 3-manifold distinguishes the different points.


Background: The intensive care unit (ICU) is a setting where a large number of drugs are administered to patients, most of them critically ill and suffering from multiple complications, making the costs of hospitalization and drug treatment high. There is a dearth of information on drug utilization in ICUs in Eastern India. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the drug utilization pattern in an ICU setting in Eastern India. The objective was to monitor, evaluate, and suggest modifications in the prescribing pattern of ICU drugs.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of the case records of patients admitted to the ICU of a multispecialty hospital in Eastern India during the time period from January 2015 to June 2015 was carried out. The demographic profile of the patients, drug utilization pattern and defined daily dose (DDD)/100 bed-days of the commonly used drugs in the ICU were studied.
Results: A total of 275 patients were evaluated consisting 61% male patients. Most common causes for admission to the ICU were a cerebrovascular accident, chronic kidney disease, and road traffic accident. An average number of drugs per patient was 10.5. Commonly prescribed drug classes were the antimicrobial agents (AMAs) in 96% patients followed by gastrointestinal drugs. Ceftriaxone was the most commonly used AMA (41.5% patients), having a drug consumption of 35.1 DDD/100 bed-days during the study period.
Conclusions: An antibiotic use policy should be framed and followed to curb the excessive use of AMAs. Formation of a multidisciplinary team to oversee drug use will be helpful to make the drug utilization in the ICU rational.


The COVID-19 pandemic drew public attention to the essential work and vulnerability of low-income Latina immigrants. Less recognized were the ways immigrant community organizations mobilized under exceptional conditions to provide immediate support to their communities while continuing to work toward durable systematic change. This paper analyzes the approach of Mujeres Unidas y Activas (MUA) in the San Francisco Bay Area. Over three decades, MUA developed an organizing model that builds transformative relationships among peers and provides direct services and leadership development for civic engagement. MUA has a long history of research collaborations and self-study aligned with critical community-engaged research methods and values. In 2019, MUA formed a research team of its leaders and academics to analyze the impact of their model. Since data collection occurred between March 2020 and December 2022, the research also documented the organization's response to COVID-19. This paper argues that specific organizational values and practices of liderazgo, apoyo, and confianza (leadership, support, and trust) proved to be particularly powerful resources for sustaining individuals and community work through the pandemic, enabling women who have experienced multiple forms of structural violence to perceive themselves as capable of healing themselves and their communities while working to address root causes of trauma and inequity.


Trace 134Cs+ exchange and concurrent hydrolysis (H3O+ exchange from water) have been studied in Na-mordenite and K-mordenite with special emphasis on prediction of these equilibria. The predictions were generally good, or adequate, in higher and intermediate total ion concentrations, but deviated markedly from observations in dilute solutions. For trace 134Cs+ equilibria, these deviations arose largely from the association of 134Cs+ ions with a colloidal suspension in the solution phase. The particle size of the suspension was very small: it was possible that a considerable fraction of it was below 3 nm. In addition to binary Cs+–Na+ and Cs+–K+ exchanges, trace 134Cs+ exchange in the ternary system Cs+–Na+–K+ was investigated and the methods for the prediction of the ternary equilibria discussed.


The present project offers an innovative approach to teaching the world the artistic Noah culture. Art-teacher communication is considered in the context of the problems of educational cooperation allegations of fraud, to meet the new goals and values education in accordance with the GEF. The project reveals the specificity of MCC as a synthesis of teaching pedagogy, psychology, history and cultural studies.


A dynamic playout algorithm is proposed in order to keep multimedia playing smoothly, which deals with the problem from the perspective of an end system. In the algorithm, playout rates of multimedia are variable according to the occupied buffer level with an intention of eliminating buffer underflow or overflow. The playout rates are chosen based on the requirement of the intramedia synchronization. To determine the thresholds of the occupied buffer level, a queuing model is established. Based on the analytical results, suitable thresholds can be determined according to the system parameters, including the probability of buffer underflow, the probability of buffer overflow, the average playout rate and the average occupied buffer level.


Draining at the southern part,the Pearl River is the third largest river in China. The Pearl River is the collective name of West River,North River and East River. Based on long series data (1955-2005) of the water and sediment discharge at the main hydrological stations and the precipitation in the drainage basin,this paper aimed to reveal the variation pattern of the sediment discharge and the causes of the Pearl River. The results are: (1) sediment discharge at Shijiao (North River),Boluo (East River),Qianjiang and Gaoyao (West River) stations show a decreasing trend,while Liuzhou (at Liujiang River,a tributary of West River) and Nanning (at Yujiang River,a tributary of West River) an increasing trend in 1955-2005; (2) the average sediment discharge into the sea from the Pearl River (the sum of the North River,East River and West River) in 1955-2005 is 7529×104 t/yr with a decreasing trend (not significant statistically). The main conclusions are: (1) the variation of precipitation contributed greatly to the yearly fluctuation of the sediment flux,but little to the decreasing trend of the sediment discharge into the sea; (2) the phased variation trend of sediment discharge into the sea is relevant to soil loss and water and soil conservation; (3) dam construction is the main cause of the decrease of the sediment discharge into the sea; and (4) a further decrease of the sediment discharge into the sea may occur in the future decades,which may cause serious environmental problems at the estuary such as slowdown of coastline progradation or even retreat. Further and in-depth study is urgently needed in view of the economic significance of the Pearl River Delta in China and the environmental issues in the estuary,including the coastal region of Hong Kong.


An optimized low-profile antenna that consists of a rectangular resonant cavity and nonuniform radiation slots is presented. The antenna has a pencil-beam radiation pattern, low sidelobes, and can handle two orthogonal polarizations. The antenna design is verified by simulations and experimental results.


New anthracycline antibiotics, serirubicin (1) and 1-hydroxyserirubicin (2) have been found in the culture filtrate of Streptomyces cyaneus MG344-hF49 (FERM BP-314), which had been previously reported to produce ditrisarubicins A, B (3) and C1). In the present paper, the production, isolation and characterization of anthracyclines 1 and 2 are reported. The strain was cultured at 27°C for 4 days in a jar fermentor with aeration and agitation in a medium consisting of 3 % dextrin, 1.5 % soybean meal ("Toast-soya" Nisshin-seiyu Co.), 0.6 glucose, 0.2% CaCl2 and 0.012Y. CoCl2.6H2O. Red pigments in the filtrate (100 liters) were extracted with butyl acetate (100 liters) at pH 8.0, followed by concentration in vacuo. The resulting residue was dissolved in a small amount of CHC13 and placed on a. silicic acid column (c 5 x 20 cm). After washing with a mixture of CHC13 MeOH (100: 1), the fractions containing compounds 1, 2 and 3 and ditrisarubicin C were eluted with a mixture of CHC13 MeOH (100: 2), combined and evaporated to dryness. The red powder (125 mg) thus obtained was chromatographed on silicic acid thin-layer plates (Kieselgel 60F254 Merck Co.), using CHCl3 MeOH NH4OH (100: 5:0.02) system. The first band (Rf 0.56) was ditrisarubicin B (3), whereas the second band (Rf 0.47) was a mixture of serirubicin (1), 1-hydroxyserirubicin (2) and ditrisarubicin C. This band was scraped off and eluted with a mixture of CHCI3 MeOH (10: 1). Subsequently the mixture was separated into three components by silicic acid thin-layer chromatography (TLC) developed with EtOAc MeOH NH4OH (20: 1: 0.01). The bands corresponding to 1 (Rf 0.50) and 2 (Rf 0.43) were scraped off and extracted with CHCI3 MeOH (10: 1). After drying of the extracts, each pigment was further purified by chromatography on a Sephadex LH-20 column with MeOH. Thus, 15.2 mg of 1 and 10.4 mg of 2 were obtained. The physico-chemical properties of 1 and 2 are as follows: 1: MP 179 ~ 183°C (dec); [a]D25 -76° (c 0.1, CHCI3); UV 2maxo.1N HCI-90% MeOH nm (E1cm1%) 229 (347), 255 (250), 290 (81), 419 (106), 436 (106); UV .lmax0.1N NaOH-90% MeOH nm (E1cm1%) 239 (411), 280 (116), 500 (115); IR (KBr) cm-1 3450, 1735, 1625, 1460, 1220, 1120, 1010; Anal Calcd for C60H80N2O21: C 61.84, H 6.92, N 2.40; Found: C 60.71, H 7.15, N 2.40; FD-MS m/z 1,165 (M+H)+.


This study aims to investigate the effects of land use/cover change (LUCC) and climate change on wetland evapotranspiration (ET), and to identify the importance of the main effect factors in the spatiotemporal dynamics of ET. In the wetland of Liaohe River Delta, China, the ET of eight growing seasons during 1985–2017 was estimated using the surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) model with Landsat and meteorological data. Results show that the average relative error of regional ET estimated by the SEBAL model is 9.01%, and the correlation coefficient between measured and estimated values is 0.61, which indicates that the estimated values are reliable. This study observed significant spatial and temporal variations in ET across the region of interest. The distribution of the average and relative change rate of daily ET in the study area showed bimodal characteristics, that is, the lowest trough occurred in 2005, whereas crests occurred in 1989 and 2014. Simultaneously, the daily ET varied with the land use/cover area. Regional daily ET displays highly heterogeneous spatial distribution, that is, the ET of different land uses/cover types in descending order is as follows: water body, wetland vegetation, non-wetland vegetation, and non-vegetation (except water area). Therefore, the spatial pattern of ET is relevant to the land use/cover types to some extent. In addition, the temporal variation of wetland ET is closely related to landscape transformation and meteorological factor change. A strong correlation was found between ET and the weighted values of meteorological factors, with a correlation coefficient of 0.69. Meanwhile, the annual fluctuations of daily ET and the weighted values were relatively similar. Therefore, the findings highlight the importance of using cheap and readily available remote sensing data for estimating and mapping the variations in ET in coastal wetland.


Objective To summarize the experience of surgical treatment for congenitally cholangiectasis in adults.Methods Thirty-nine excised cases of adult congenital cholangiectasis admitted between October and February 2006 in our hospital were reviewed.Results Bile leak for a short time occurred in 6 cases.There was no pancreas leak,no acute pancreastitis and no operative death.All cases were followed up for 1 to 15 years,and the follow-up rate was 94.6%.Two cases had mild cholangitis,and the remaining 37 cases were cured.Conclusion Cyst excision with Roux-Y hepaticojejunost remains the major choice for this disease.Large mouth anastomosis and absorbent lineae and only one anastomosis should be taken in proximate of cyst after resection to prevent stricture of stoma.The tunica intima of cyst should be completely removed on the basis of not injuring debouch of pancreas and ensuring unobstructed drainage of pancreastic fluid.


The Austrian Code of Civil Procedure of 1895 was a source of inspiration for procedural reform proposals in the Netherlands in the early twentieth century. These proposals aimed at replacing the liberal procedural model inherited from the French Code of Civil Procedure with a 'societal' model that reduced the powers of the parties in the conduct of a civil lawsuit, while at the same time increasing the powers of the judge significantly. The project was unsuccessful but contained many interesting elements that were introduced into Dutch civil procedure about one hundred years later at the start of the twenty-first century. The reforms of the early twenty-first century have brought Dutch civil procedure into line with the current procedural trends in many European countries.


The format of this manual is designed to make this valuable information easily accessible to the user as well as enjoyable to read. Each chapter contains common information such as Purpose, Scope, Policy and References, as well as information unique to the topic at hand. This manual can also be provided on a CD or Hanford Internet. Major topics include: Organization and program for operational safety; Occupational medicine; Construction and demolition; Material handling and storage; Hoisting and rigging; Explosives; Chemical hazards; Gas cylinders; Electrical; Boiler and pressure vessels; Industrial fire protection; Industrial hygiene; and Safety inspection checklist.


Abstract The analysis of soils using emission spectrometry, X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry, spark source mass spectrometry and neutron activation analysis is discussed. The problems involved in the dissolution of soils for analysis in solution form are reviewed and some results obtained using atomic absorption spectrophotometry following different dissolution procedures presented. Recent developments in the use of inductively coupled plasma sources for the analysis of soils and soil extracts are briefly reviewed.


The utility model relates to an on-board launching system which belongs to powder or chemical substance launching apparatus for prevention of forest diseases and pests and is composed of a base, a tail bed, a support, a directional apparatus, a lifting apparatus, a launching tube, a percussion apparatus, and a balancing apparatus. An ingenious design for the system is the connection between the percussion apparatus and saw-tooth thread of a perforated tube, wherein a sag and swell streamlined design is used inside the plug. Compound processing is used for the straight and inclined bores on the perforated tube. Environment-friendly powder is used which is highly effective. The directional apparatus and lifting apparatus of the system enable an improved launching accuracy and exploding point accuracy. In contrasting, manual spraying is more labor-intensive, plane spraying is costly and approval from the authority is required. The azimuth of the launching system can be adjusted as required, allowing an efficient forest pest control even for complicated topographies. Other applications comprise forest breeding and fire -extinguishing bullet firing. The application potential of the system is very high.


Owing to the absence of rich contextual cues, filesystem search has been full of noise, imprecision and very less recall. Contextual information in the form of annotations (tags defined by users or extracted from files) and data/process provenance would improve the personal search experience of the user. A filesystem architecture to support contextual desktop search is proposed. Implementation issues are also discussed.


A conceptualization of the problems of any field of research, backed up with rich concepts, solid logical connections, and clear contextual meaning, constitutes an essential condition for arriving at generalized theoretical conclusions. Branches of sociology which have succeeded in building up their conceptual apparatus have proved to be more effective both in applied project applications and in exerting methodological influence on related branches of research.


Under the existing state-owned capital supervision system,it is must to perfect excitation and restraintmechanism of state-owned capital operation for guaranteeing the rational operation of stated-owned capital.Thispaper analyzes the existing state-owned capital supervision system and discusses how to build and improve theexcitation and restraint mechanism in different levels.


A series of luminescent face-to-face dinuclear platinum(II) alkynyl complexes, [Pt2(μ-dppm)2(C⋮CR)4] (R = C6H4-Cl-p, C6H4-NO2-p, SiMe3), and a mixed-metal platinum(II)−silver(I) complex, [Pt2(μ-dppm)2(C⋮CPh)4·{Ag(MeCN)}2](BF4)2, were synthesized and characterized by both spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Their luminescence behavior were studied and the nature of the emission origin was elucidated by comparison studies involving the perturbation of Pt···Pt distances as well as the π-accepting ability of the alkynyl group through a systematic variation of the nature of the alkynyl moieties and metal ion encapsulation.


The invention graphene-quantum dot nano-composite structure and a method, relates to a solar cell including the same, and more particularly, a number of yes, including a pinned layer and a quantum dot layer nm, characterized in that to improve the optoelectronic movement of composite structure and methods for their preparation, to a solar cell comprising the same. According to the invention, it is possible to uniformly form the quantum dot by suppressing the recombination of excitons in the quantum dot inside and smoothly guided to the optoelectronic movement, it is possible to manufacture a solar cell having a high efficiency.


One concept to maintain corporate image is employee performance. A concept that seeks to create a good and reliable Human Resources within the company to achieve the goals of the company itself. When the company has committed to maintain employee performance improvement will encourage companies to pay attention to the level of work discipline experienced by employees and the provision of proper work motivation to see the level of job satisfaction of each employee will make employees feel more eager in completing the work. The population of this study were non-permanent employees of Hotel ASTON Jember and the sample was set by 50 respondents. The variables analyzed in this research are work discipline, work motivation and job satisfaction as independent variable, and employee performance as dependent variable. The sampling method used is simple random Sampling in which all permanent employees have the opportunity to be sampled in this study. This type of research is an explanatory research.Research is a study that tries to explain a subject matter and there is a hypothesis testing and perform analysis of data obtained. Methods of data analysis using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis.The results of this study indicate that discipline, motivation and satisfaction simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on employee performance at Hotel ASTON Jember, partially work discipline has a positive and significant impact on employee performance at Hotel ASTON Jember, partially motivation of work has a positive and significant impact on performance Employees at Hotel ASTON Jember and job satisfaction have a negative and insignificant effect on the performance of Hotel ASTON Jember's employees.


Since 2016 the Instituto Mexicano del Transporte (Mexican Transport Institute) has continuously instrumented and performed the structural monitoring of the Mezcala Bridge, which is a cable-stayed bridge located in the State of Guerrero, Mexico. In order to identify early damage, several monitoring strategies based on changes in the bridge modal parameters have been implemented. To establish the limits of the parameters, such as the natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes, it is necessary to characterize the bridge dynamic behavior through monitoring information from the last 3 years, in order to analyze statistically every parameter and simulate different real damage scenarios. Modal parameters are calculated and evaluated every week or after accidents, earthquakes, or strong winds. Applying the proposed methodology based on the Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition (EFDD), the modal parameters of the Mezcala Bridge were efficiently estimated and monitored and subsequently, they could be used for finite element model development and calibration in order to evaluate the structural integrity of the bridge.


The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of profitability (ROA), solvency (DER), the reputation of the Public Accounting Firm (KAP), corporate ownership and firm size on audit delay in the trading company. The population in this study are the trading company in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) as many as 36 companies. Observation period is 2011 to 2012. Technique used to determination sample is purposive sampling method, where the sample is determined by certain criteria. Based on the criteria, then there are 30 sample companies. While to analysis the data is using multiple regression analysis. The results of the research are Return on Assets (ROA) and ownership status (Foreign/Domestic) have a significant impact on audit delay. It can be seen from the t value is greater than t - table. Whereas the Debt to Equity Ratio, Public Accounting Firm Reputation and size of the company does not have a significant impact on audit delay. It can be seen from the t value is smaller than the t-table then the independent variable has no effect on the dependent variable. Keywords: Profitability (ROA), Solvency (DER), Reputation Public Accounting Firm (KAP), Corporate Ownership and Firm Size, Audit Delay


Background Neutropenic patients are at risk of abdominal complications and yet the incidence and impact of these complications on patients' morbidity and mortality have not been sufficiently evaluated. We aimed to assess a clinical rule for early detection of abdominal complications leading to death or transfer to intensive care in patients with chemotherapy-associated neutropenia. Design and Methods This observational multicenter study was carried out in seven German hematology-oncology departments. For inclusion, neutropenia of at least 5 consecutive days was required. Risk factors for "transfer to intensive care" and "death" were assessed by backward-stepwise binary logistic regression analyses. Chemotherapy-associated bowel syndrome was defined as a combination of fever (T ≥37.8 °C) and abdominal pain and/or lack of bowel movement for 72 hours or more. Five hundred and twenty-one neutropenic episodes were documented in 359 patients. Results The incidence of chemotherapy-associated bowel syndrome was 126/359 (35%) in first episodes of neutropenia. Transfer to intensive care occurred in 41/359 (11%) and death occurred in 17/359 (5%) first episodes. Chemotherapy-associated bowel syndrome and duration of neutropenia were identified as risk factors for transfer to intensive care (P<0.001; OR 4.753; 95% CI 2.297–9.833, and P=0.003; OR 1.061/d; 95% CI 1.021–1.103). Chemotherapy-associated bowel syndrome and mitoxantrone administration were identified as risk factors for death (P=0.005; OR 4.611; 95% CI 1.573–13.515 and P=0.026; OR 3.628; 95% CI 1.169–11.256). Conclusions The occurrence of chemotherapy-associated bowel syndrome has a significant impact on patients' outcome. In future interventional clinical trials, this definition might be used as a selection criterion for early treatment of patients at risk of severe complications.


The genetics of complex diseases has been given a tremendous boost in recent years by the introduction of high-throughput laboratory methods that allow us to approach larger questions in larger populations and to cover the genome more comprehensively. The ability to determine genotypes of many individuals accurately and efficiently has allowed genetic studies that cover more of the variation within individual genes, instead of focusing only on one or a few coding variants, and to do so in study samples of reasonable power. Chip-based genotyping assays, combined with knowledge of the patterns of coinheritance of markers (linkage disequilibrium, LD) developed through the HapMap Project (http://www. hapmap.org), have stimulated genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of complex diseases. These are being encouraged and supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and other groups, notably The Wellcome Trust. Recent successes of GWAS in identifying specific genes that affect risk for common diseases are dramatic illustrations of how improved technology can lead to scientific breakthroughs. Rapid developments in high-throughput sequencing may enable new kinds of studies. A key issue in high-throughput genotyping is to choose the appropriate technology for your goals and for the stage of your experiment, being cognizant of your sample numbers and resources. This chapter introduces some of the commonly used methods of high-throughput single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping for different stages of genetic studies and briefly reviews some of the high-throughput sequencing methods just coming into use. We will also note some recent developments in "next-generation" sequencing that will enable other kinds of studies. We cannot be comprehensive, and technology in this area is rapidly changing, so our comments should be taken as a starting point for further investigation. For simplicity, we will discuss three main types of studies: candidate genes, linkage studies and their follow-up, and GWAS and their follow-up. There are choices of genotyping technologies suited to each of these types of studies (Fig. 16.1). Throughput, cost per SNP genotype, and costs per sample can be very different for different technologies. Some technologies, which we call "serial," allow testing of small to modest numbers of SNPs on many subjects in each reaction and are easy to customize. Others, called "parallel" methods, test up to a million SNPs on each subject at one time in fixed panels. The cost per SNP for a serial method is much larger than for a parallel method, but the cost per subject is much less. Howard J. Edenberg1 and Yunlong Liu2


The article demonstrates in what way the popularity of the problems of regional studies influences the development of learning (including the history of education), local societies and, paradoxically, the evolution of global history. Additionally, the author of the article gives reasons why the regional studies are becoming more and more popular. One of the reasons, apart from globalization phenomena and the uniting of Europe, is the methodological "revolution" in the field of social sciences, which has significantly altered the research perspective of historians.


The phase diagram of the Ta-Zr system is presented with a discussion of the methods used in its determination. The solidus contains a minimum at 1820 deg C near 25 wt% Ta. A complete solid solution exists at elevated temperatures between tantalum and beta zirconium. This solid solution decomposes monotectoldally at 800 deg C and 12 wt% Ta. The maximum solubillty of tantalum in a zirconium is slightly less than 2 wt%, and decreases with decreasing temperature. The solubility of zirconium in tantalum is 5 wt% at the monotectoid temperature and about 2 wt% at room temperature. (auth)


The biographical essay is dedicated to the literary situation with
Alexei Remizov in 1926 connected with his activities for the new journals —
Blagonamerenny and Versty. Based on previously unknown materials from Remizov's
personal archive, correspondence and memoirs of his contemporaries involved in the
events, the paper interprets Remizov's position as an active participant of literary
process. The paper describes the writer's creative tasks that were realized in the
above-mentioned periodicals, and his mission as a promoter of young talents in Soviet
Russia and in emigration. Detailed analysis of the critical articles that accused the
editors of both journals as well as their co-worker Remizov of destroying the Russian
literary diaspora ideological integrity and aesthetic canons, allows to define the main
contradictions in the émigré literary life that had accumulated by 1926. The essay
also reconstructs previously unknown episodes in the history of Blagonamerenny and Versty using letters of Remizov, D.A. Shakhovskoy, L. Shestov, N. Berberova that are
being introduced into scholarly discourse.


Electron beam welding melts and solidifies steel plate without using any welding material, unlike the conventional welding. Therefore, the toughness at the weld metal can decrease, depending on the chemical composition of the steel plate. Toughness at the electron beam weld can be increased by turning the microstructure from upper bainite into lower bainite and making the effective grain size finer. The microstructure can be controlled by the addition of alloy elements and optimization of impurity elements. In case the chemical compositions cannot be varied, largely because of the specification for their ranges, and the weld metal microstructure remains as upper bainite even after the application of microstructure control, methods to improve the toughness of electron beam weld itself, regardless of steel grades, becomes necessary. Phenomena peculiar to the electron beam weld are segregation during solidification and intergranular segregation over the dendrite surface. The fracture initiation is accelerated by the microcracks caused by the segregations during solidification. The fracture propagation is promoted by intergranular cracking caused by the intergranular segregation. By reducing these segregations, the fracture initiation and propagation are restrained and toughness increases despite the upper bainite microstructure. This can be achieved by the higher purification of steel. Throughmore » the foregoing investigations, ASTM A533 Type B Class 2 steel plate of 100 mm in thickness for electron beam welds has been developed for pressure vessels. Various welding tests as pressure vessels have been conducted, and it becomes clear that the developed steel plate has excellent toughness at the weld superior to those obtainable by conventional welding. The use of this steel greatly reduces the welding period compared to the conventional welding method.« less


Spiritual Behaviour" is a special thesis to discuss the artistic imagination This thesis is mainly about the characteristics of the artistic imagination.and the important conditions,demands and suggestions in the course of the artistic imagination.Subjunctive, imaginal and lyric characters are three main characteristics. Spintual behaviour is not equal to conception and imagi-nal thinking.Liu Xie's thesis is of the descriptive character, quotes the metaphors of various forms to explain the hows and whysand the used metaphors are not the object of exposition。


Any factor modifying early growth in fishes could lead to large recruitment variations. We investigated the impact of forest harvesting on growth rate and length-at-age of larval and juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and on the trophodynamics in small oligotrophic Canadian Boreal Shield lakes. Yellow perch, phytoplankton, and zooplankton were sampled in August or early September in three consecutive years (2003, 2004 and 2005) from three unperturbed lakes and from three lakes that had had logging in their watershed catchment zones after the first year of sampling. Two years after the perturbation, larval and juvenile growth rate and length-at-age of yellow perch, as well as Chl a, were significantly higher in lakes perturbed by forest harvesting than in unperturbed ones. Our results support the hypothesis that early growth of yellow perch has been favoured in perturbed lakes. This may have been due to post-harvest enhancements in nutrients and dissolved organic carbon concentrations, likely generating bottom-up changes in larval and juvenile yellow perch feeding conditions such as increased prey abundance and visibility thus, stimulating growth.


Fabrication of Mg/FeS/sub 2/ cells and batteries is described, and some test results are presented. Effects of temperature were investigated; photomicrographs of the cross section of a single cell were taken. Results with pellet-type batteries using this system were encouraging. Some means must be found to keep the cell hot for long-life (> 30 min) uses. A magnesium cathode additive shows promise in reducing the initial voltage spike. Fabrication and performance of LiAl/FeS/sub 2/ cells is discussed more briefly. Substituting a Li alloy for the Mg anode increased cell voltage by one-third. 4 figures, 2 tables. (RWR)


A field experiment entitled "Effect of Fertility Levels on Green Fodder Yield and HCN Content of Sorghum Varieties" was conducted during kharif 2006 on clay loam soils at Instructional Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur. The objectives of experiment were to study the effect of fertility levels on HCN content and to work out appropriate fertility level and variety for higher fodder production. The soil of the experimental field was clay loam in texture with low in available nitrogen (275 kg ha), medium in available phosphorus (20.61 kg ha), medium in available potassium (192.40 kg ha) and alkaline in reaction with pH 8.1. The experiment consisted of 18 treatment combinations and replicated three times was set out in randomized block design with three genotypes (HC 308, CSV 15 and SU 1080) and six fertility levels i.e. control, 25, 50, 75, 100 (80 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 ha) and 125% RDF. Results showed that plant population at 25 DAS and at harvest were not influenced with genotypes. SU 1080 came out as most promising when judged in terms of plant height, DMA plant at various stages and green, dry & total leaves plant, leaf weight and leaf to stem ratio at harvest. The aforesaid variety also recorded higher green & dry fodder (444.59 & 133.38 q ha) yield, nitrogen & phosphorus uptake by fodder over HC 308 and CSV 15. But genotype CSV 15 recorded significantly higher stem girth, chlorophyll content, stem weight and N, P content at various stages over HC 308 and SU 1080. Similarly, it also showed significantly higher HCN content at various stages over rest of the genotypes. Again genotype SU 1080 reported minimum days to 50% flowering (67 days), lowest HCN content (165 ppm at 20 DAS) and maximum net returns (Rs 31335 ha) and B:C (3.56) over rest of the genotypes. * PG Scholar, Department of Agronomy, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur. ** Assoc. Prof., Department of Agronomy, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur. Application of 75% RDF ha significantly increased in plant height, DMA, stem girth and chlorophyll content over lower doses at various stages but it was statistically at par with higher doses i.e. 100 and 125% RDF in these parameters. Further, application of 100% RDF ha significantly increased green & total leaves, leaf & stem weight and leaf : stem at harvest over lower doses. While, it was statistically at par with 125% RDF ha in these parameters. However, application of fertility level up to 50% RDF ha significantly reduced days to 50% flowering and dry leaves plant over lower doses but it was at par with higher doses in both the parameters. Application of 80 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 ha significantly increased green (486.94 q ha) and dry (146.08 q ha) fodder yield over lower doses but statistically at par with higher dose i.e. 125% RDF. Increase in fertility level up to RDF ha significantly increased N, P content and uptake at 40 DAS and harvest. Further increase in fertility failed to show any statistical variation at both the stages in these respects. Application of fertility levels from control to 125% RDF ha recorded significant increase in HCN content at various crop growth stages. Maximum HCN content was reported at 125% RDF ha over lower doses. Application of 80 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 ha reported maximum net returns (Rs. 34554 ha) and B:C (3.73). Which was statistically at par with 75 and 125% RDF ha and superior over rest of the doses. The interaction effect of genotypes and fertility levels was found significant for green & dry fodder yield at harvest, N & P uptake by fodder at harvest, HCN content at 20, 40, 60 DAS and at harvest and net returns. The best varieties registered that SU 1080 and HC 308 alongwith 80 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 ha (RDF) produced maximum green & dry fodder yield and lower HCN content over CSV 15. moZjrk Lrjksa dk Tokj fdLeksa dh gjk pkjk mit ,oa ,p-lh-,udh ek=k ij izHkko guqeku flag* MkWiq"isUnz flag** 'kks/kdrkZ eq[; lykgdkj


The authors explore the noncompliant pedagogy of the image based on their video Autopoietic Veering: Schizo Socius of Tokyo and Vancouver (2021). It is not the kind of trendy modelized video abstract or kinetic presentation eagerly promoted by international publishers; it is a cross-cultural collaborative work intended to generate affirmative temporal ruptures of entropic habitual modes of seeing, memorizing, and thinking of human and nonhuman life in the cities of Tokyo (Japan) and Vancouver (Canada). The authors elucidate Stiegler's (2015b) concept of a "global mnemotechnical system" that stores and produces human memories in vast digital archives and databases (tertiary retentions) through "mnemonic control" (Parisi & Goodman, 2011). The authors repurpose video images to interrupt and recontrol human perception and memories as "living engines" (Lazzarato, 2006). They foreground the philosophical work of Deleuze, Heidegger, and Virilio to rethink and revive the creative act of "critique" (Foucault, 1997) through "metamodelization" (Guattari, 1995; Manning, 2020); therefore, they plug these apparently incommensurable modes of thinking into their readings of the video's images. They read the images as "time-images" and focus on their five dimensions that possibly activate "spiritual automation" (Deleuze, 1989), which they assess as "negentropic bifurcatory" potentials (Bradley & Kennedy, 2019).


This paper analyses convergence of educational attainment levels in the EU28 for the period from 1950 to 2010. We use the variable "average years of schooling for population aged 25 and over" constructed by Barro and Lee (2013). Our analysis shows an overall increase in the average level of educational attainment for all countries in the sample which can be interpreted as accumulation of human capital over time. Statistical analysis of the data set does not present any significant change of dispersion between single subperiods. We find statistically significant convergence in the time period from 1950 to 2010.


The different process parameters of liquid state forging were adopted to study the forming property of Al-Zn-Mg alloy under the laboratory condition.Its proper main process parameters were established,then the structure and mechanics properties were analyzed.


Traditionally, topics such as parallel computing, computer graphics, and artificial intelligence have been taught as stand-alone courses in the computing curriculum. Often these are elective courses, limiting the material to the subset of students choosing to take the course. Recently there has been movement to distribute topics across the curriculum in order to ensure that all graduates have been exposed to concepts such as parallel computing. This work describes one approach to threading topics from AI, graphics, and parallel processing into coursework starting early in a student's program without substantially altering the basic course objectives. This, in turn, allows the student to sample topics early enough to make informed decisions when selecting electives.


Abstract: With the rapid growth of remote sensing image data, it is very important to find a way to extract and recognize the target quickly and accurately from the massive remote sensing data. In recent years, the development of deep learning has provided an effective way for target detection of remote sensing images. This paper applies deep learning technology to target detection of remote sensing images, and constructs a target detection system software which integrates sample labeling, data set construction, pretreatment of training sample, training algorithm, migration learning, target recognition and post processing. It provides technical support to the tasks of classification, information extraction and change detection of remote sensing image. The experimental results show that the target recognition system of remote sensing images has high precision in the scene classification and specific target detection of high-resolution remote sensing images.


The estimation of passenger car ownership is a crucial estimation for auto-related production and for the analysis of many transportation-related policies such as Green House Gas (GHG), emissions, and energy consumption policies. Previous studies of car ownership estimation have generally focused on accurate adherence to the track record, statistical signification, or model structure; however, there are problems in focusing on all these factors together. A variation in the assumptions can produce different forecast results. Further, the uncertainties in the forecasting processes were enormous, and this made the final results unreliable. It is important for these previous studies with economic variables to have accurate results of passenger car ownership with regard to the various estimation factors such as emission levels, CO2, and car parts production. For the production estimation and for the policy analysis, it is necessary to draw a car ownership pattern as a baseline scenario "the Business as Usual." The purpose of our passenger car ownership estimation model with the Business as Usual scenario ―JARI BAU Model―. JARI BAU Model is to estimate passenger car ownership by resolving these difficulties. Our passenger car ownership estimation model with the JARI BAU Model for the demand function is intended to provide information on the total passenger car ownership in Japan from the present time until the year 2030. This paper is an attempt at methodological amelioration by conducting a fairly comprehensive literature survey on the estimation models of passenger car ownership. The estimated results will be strictly examined by t-value, and regression coefficients will be estimated at the 1% significance level. The accuracy of the estimated result will be compared to the statistical record. This paper is unique in that it attempts to estimate car ownership solely on the basis of socioeconomic trends, without including the physical characteristics of automobiles such as fuel economy, vehicle age, or infrastructure development. Considering an aging society with a declining birth rate and an increasing governmental debt, the population may be polarized into high- and low-income groups. The polarization of income distribution affects the polarization of car ownership. We assume that the driver's license holders in the high-income group can own their vehicles. The BAU model estimates 60.09 million passenger vehicles in 2010 and 61.59 million in 2030. The estimation model improves both the accuracy and statistical estimation. From the viewpoint of accuracy, the deviation is between –4% and +8% as compared with the actual record. The estimated t-values are significant for the entire data set and the limited data set (the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990–2002).


In this study, the researcher was interested in analysis the teaching learning activities of reading skill in Junior High School English textbook based on the 2013 English Curriculum. In detail, this study is to investigate the reading activities of "When English Rings the Bell" published by Ministry of National Education based on 2013 English Curriculum for the Seventh Grade Junior High Shool and the dominant activity for reading activities.

In analyzing the textbooks, the writer used descriptive research design, the instrument used was documentation.

The findings of this research show that the reading activities in this textbook there are thirteen types in intructions mean the reading activities it self. Those are; In Pre-reading researcher found three activities include doing exercise, question answer, and singing a song. Next is While-reading, the researcher found of eight activities. The following are observing, reading, practising, telling, making, asking, writing, and trying. In each of activities has a kinds of topics.The last is Post-reading there are two of activities; singing a song and reflection.

From all activities, dominant activities of this textbook are question answer in pre-reading, observing the picture, reading the text, asking to the classmater, writing in the table list and based on the picture, and trying to describe in the while-reading, in the last is reflection found them in post-reading (every in last meeting).

Consequently, the reading activities that are presented is appropriate with indicator in teaching learning acrivities based on 2013 English Curriculum for Junior High School. The scientific approach is applied through random in each learning activity that is in chapters.


All ion fluxes have the unit mol.cm-2.sec.'. Ion fluxes into the WE-cells are denoted positive, fluxes out of the cells are denoted negative. The bottom line shows the difference between the estimates of ion influx and the estimates of ion efflux. This line indicates the magnitude of the ion fluxes, which remains unaccounted for. For K', the electrodiffusive efflux was calculated so that the difference between K' influx and Kt efflux is zero.


In basic solution containing hydrogen peroxide or organic peroxides, 1,2-dihydroxyalkyl radicals are converted into semidione radical anions in low yield.


I / IN1IIS E;;S.W, ··J.~ife Without Principle," Henry David Thoreau wrote There IS no more fatal blunder than he who consumes the o·;'eater part of his life oettina his living." Maybe some of Thoreat~s readers might think bhis ;tatement to be impractica}?le. Every man must work to live, and, at least at the present, working requires a great part of his time. Yet it seems to me that too many men have become slaves to their jobs and are living only for their strange "master"-their job. I, therefore, agree with Thoreau, for I look upon work as a "tool" which we use to live. It is a "tool" that we use to satisfy several of our basic needs such as food, shelter, and clothing. Work is man's "tool," and it is not intended to be a "master" 0 f man!


Wave power generator is provided with a buoyant casing intended to float in a body of water (500). Electromechanical disposed within the casing (103) has an armature and a magnetic field source, the electrical machine having a fixed portion and a movable portion coupled to the casing. Counterweight assembly (104) is movable in the housing, wherein the movable portion of the electric machine, relative movement between 該釣 case weight assembly and electric machine fixing part to generate electric power. Stores the power which the power storage unit (storage) (400) is generated by an electromechanical control system (200) determines the bidirectional energy flow between said power storage unit and (storage) and the armature, balance the movement of the weight assembly to antisymmetric driven relative to the casing of the kinetic energy is returned to the electric machine. .FIELD 1


HY-2A (`HaiYang' denotes Ocean) was launched in August 2011. It payloads Ku and C bands radar altimeters with repeat cycles of 14 days (for three years) and 168 days. In the present study, we preliminary evaluate the HY-2 satellite altimetric data against SARAL/AltiKa and CryoSat-2 data in the Arctic Ocean. The results demonstrates that the HY-2 data shows higher standard variation and mean sea level than AltiKa and CryoSat-2 data during HY-2 cycle 49 (20130803 and 20130817) with more available sea level measurements than CryoSat-2 satellite altimetry. Moreover, consistent sea level variation is observed from AltiKa and CryoSat-2 monthly sea level time series.


INTRODUCTION Dementia is a disease with significant connotations and significant prevalence among the elderly, who gradually abandon its occupations. Leisure and social participation are areas usually affected, considering these areas might improve their performance through an intergenerational program based on the participation in a choir, in order to improve participants' quality of life: daycare center users and their families. OBJECTIVE To determine the possible benefits from the creating and participating in an intergenerational choir made up of people with dementia and their families, aimed to improve their quality of life. METHODOLOGY Participants, who are users of a daycare center from A Coruña, and their families, will be selected through convenience sampling. A combined methodology will be used; using on one hand an intervention study (characterized as analytical, longitudinal, prospective and experimental not controlled study) and on the other hand, helping itself with the phenomenological design to know the experiences of the participants.


In its strictest sense, hormesis is defined as a stimulatory detoxification effect of a substance at low doses, resulting in a decrease in an adverse health effect, and an inhibitory effect of the same biological mechanism at higher doses resulting in an increase in an adverse health effect. Presumably, both the stimulatory and inhibitory processes could be operating simultaneously at all doses, with the stimulatory process increasing at a faster rate than the inhibitory process at low doses and the inhibitory process overshadowing the stimulatory process at higher doses. Multiple systems may be involved for both stimulation and inhibition. In its broadest sense, hormesis is viewed as any J-shaped or U-shaped dose response curve demonstrating a beneficial effect at low doses, which may be the combined result of the substance affecting one or more biological processes. It has been argued that the addition of a substance to a process that is already producing an adverse health effect will result in an increase in the incidence of the adverse effect no matter how small the dose, but this assumes a monotonic dose response curve. Presumably, the addition of a substance to an existing background process could result in a decrease in the incidence in the hormetic dose range below the dose that minimizes the adverse effect. The regulation of toxic substances for non-cancer adverse health effects has been based on the notion of a threshold dose below which adverse health effects do not occur. Frequently, a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) is divided by safety or uncertainty factors to arrive at a dose that is considered to have no or, at most, a negligible risk of an adverse health effect. Safety or uncertainty factors are assumed to account for uncertainties, when necessary, in extrapolating from animals to humans and/or across different conditions of exposure and to account for variability in individual sensitivities to toxic agents within the human population. In general, lower doses are considered safer, except for essential elements. The possibility of a beneficial effect at extremely low doses generally is not considered, even though regulatory levels are often low. Toxicological studies usually are conducted at relatively high doses in order to elicit potential adverse health effects. Seldom are


Electrodeposition of amorphous alloys such as NiP, CoP, and NiCoP from acidic solutions containing phosphorous acid as a source of P was investigated. The composition of all electrodeposited alloys depended on current density. An increase in the current density led to a decrease in phosphorus content in the alloy deposit. All electrodeposited alloys exhibited a gradient in composition. Structure (amorphous or microcrystalline) is affected by the composition of alloys. A heat‐treatment of amorphous electrodeposited NiP, CoP, or NiCoP alloys led to a formation of crystalline structure, which is a consequence of the decomposition of these alloys to mixtures such as Ni, NixPy, Co, and CoxPy, depending on the alloy electrodeposited. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.


In this paper, we analyze a semilinear damped second order evolution equation with time-dependent time delay and time-dependent delay feedback coefficient. The nonlinear term satisfies a local Lipschitz continuity assumption. Under appropriate conditions, we prove well-posedness and exponential stability of our model for small initial data. Our arguments combine a Lyapunov functional approach with some continuity arguments. Moreover, as an application of our abstract results, the damped wave equation with a source term and delay feedback is analyzed.


The Aegean Region is among the most tectonically active areas of the Mediterranean Sea with the highest seismicity both in terms of frequency of events and magnitudes. There is a huge amount of national and international literature on the above topic providing rich, though jeopardized, information on the many aspects of the seismogenic structures and specific earthquakes. Following a former experience in the frame of the European FAUST Project (1998-2000), we think it is now time for a throughout critical revision of all the available data in order to create a homogeneous and possibly complete database. The major goals of this new reasearch project (GreDaSS: Greek Database of Seismogenic Sources) are (i) the systematic collection of all available information concerning active faults, capable faults and broader seismogenic volumes within the broader Aegean Region; (ii) the quantification of the principal seismotectonic parameters of the different sources as well as their degree of uncertainty; (iii) to supply an integrated view of potentially damaging seismogenic sources for a better assessment of the seismic hazard of Greece. The informatic framework of the database follows closely that used for the Italian Database of Individual Seismogenic Sources (DISS), which represents the result of almost twenty years experience of its Working Group (e.g. Valensise and Pantosti, 2001). We present here the state-of-the-art of GreDaSS relative to Northern Greece (Fig. 1) where according to DISS (Basili et al., 2008) we have distinguished two main categories of Seismogenic Sources based on their attributes, the nature and reliability of data used to define them: "Individual Seismogenic Sources" (ISS) are obtained from geological and geophysical data and are characterized by a full set of geometric (strike, dip, length, width and depth), kinematic (rake) and seismological-palaeoseismological parameters (average displacement per event, magnitude, slip rate, return period) and by a rating of the associated uncertainties. ISSs are assumed to exhibit "characteristic" behaviour with respect to rupture length/width and expected mean and max-


The peacetime deployment of U.S. forces in foreign countries goes against traditional notions of sovereignty. How did such deployment become legitimate following World War II? This article examines the legal strategy that the U.S. military employed to make American troop presence more palatable to foreign publics and to critics at home: granting certain legal authority over offending troops to host countries, while seeking to shield troops from trials in host-country courts. The military also used local, informal ties with hosts to guarantee fair legal treatment for troops and worked to convince skeptics that U.S. troops faced no legal threat. The mitigating of legal tensions helped the military create conducive political conditions for its presence abroad and likely contributed to the durability of U.S. deployments. The Cold-War practice contrasts sharply with the contemporary desire of the United States to maintain complete jurisdiction over its troops.


In marine clay deposits, naturally formed or artificially reclaimed, the evaluation and monitoring of the consolidation process has been a critical issue in civil engineering practices due to the time frame required for completing the consolidation process, which range from several days to several years. While complementing the conventional iconographic method suggested by Casagrande and recently developed in-situ techniques that measure the shear wave, this study suggests an alternative experimental procedure that can be used to evaluate the consolidation state of marine clay deposits using the shear wave velocity. A laboratory consolidation testing apparatus was implemented with bimorph-type piezoelectric bender elements to determine the effective stress-shear wave velocity () relationship with the marine clays of interest. The in-situ consolidation state was then evaluated by comparing the in-situ shear wave velocity data with the effective stress-shear wave velocity relationships obtained from laboratory experiments. The suggested methodology was applied and verified at three different sites in South Korea, i.e., a foreshore site in Incheon, a submarine deposit in Busan, and an estuary delta deposit in Busan. It is found that the shear wave-based experimental procedure presented in this paper can be effectively and reliably used to evaluate the consolidation state of marine clay deposits.


Methods for determining natamycin content of cheese rind and cheese are presented. Cheese and rind samples are extracted with methanol and the fat precipitated by cooling the sample solution in methanol-water at -15 to -20 degrees C for ca 1 h. Natamycin levels are measured by UV spectrometric detection at absorbance minimum 311 nm, maximum 317 nm, and at exactly 329 nm, or by LC separation over Lichrosorb RP-8 column with detection at 303 nm. For measuring low levels, a concentration step is provided. The method is applicable to natamycin in cheese rind and in the interior of the cheese. Detection limit is 0.5 mg/kg. The method is suitable for controlling a maximum tolerance of natamycin on the cheese rind, at a level of 1 mg/dm2, and for detecting migration of natamycin into the cheese.


Many people feel confused when they try to seek an appropriate technique to solve phenomenons in th real world. We face many tools existed arround us, some of them can be used for the same purpose, but unlike for others. People could not put unappropriate techniques to solve the same problems they face. This paper try to give you some explanations how to choose an appropriate technique dealing with market competition, especially for a single commodity, or an industry.  I suggest you, you can compute a competition's index among competitors in the market for a single commodity or an industry using IPij. By using this method, I hope you will get a better comparative advantage indicator from time to time.


The SERPENT project carried a collaborative research mission with Hurricane Exploration (HEX) at the
Lancaster exploration well in August 2009. The well was drilled from the Byford Dolphin, west of
Shetland. The study was designed to investigate benthic biological diversity with particular reference to the
effects of disturbance on the seabed resulting from the drilling activities. Photographic and quantitative
video methods were used to observe benthic megafauna and demersal fish using a Spartan workclass
industrial ROV, collecting digital stills images and close-up video when possible. Physical data were
collected throughout the mission. In addition bait was deployed to attract fish to the ROV cameras. The
observations are archived in the SERPENT database. An experiment was carried out to assess the effects of
physical disturbance on the asteroid Porania pulvillus.
Mean seabed temperature was 10.2oC and salinity was 35.4. Maximum water temperature was 13.9oC in the
surface waters (9m) and the thermocline was at 100m. Current data were collected for a 48 hour period
during the visit. The current was tidally reversing with a mean velocity of 10.52 cm s-1 with dominant water
movement from southwest to northeast.
Drill cuttings extended to at least 60m from the BOP and beyond 100m to the north and west. The cuttings
pile was a maximum of 2m in height around the BOP reducing to around 400mm at 7m from the BOP and
was between 50 and 150mm at 15m from the BOP.
This disturbance resulted in a reduction in megafaunal density within 30m of the well and an increase in the
scavenging hermit crab Pagurus prideaux in impacted areas of sediment, particularly between 30-50m from
the BOP and measures of species diversity (S and H') increased with distance from the source of the
disturbance.


1. A method for configuring the spiral or circular hollow wheel (1) and the fixed housings, comprising the steps of: continuous checking compatibility values entered parameters; ! the introduction of mathematical parameters and basic configuration parameters! characterized in that it includes the step of configuration profiles, and other data specific for circular and spiral element consisting of a projection of each of the front and rear edges (3, 4) via parts of geometric shapes having a support center (5 and 6) and subsequent their connection through portions of geometrical figures, also having a support center (7, 8), whereby the body portions define developed components. ! 2. Method configuration spiral or circular hollow wheel (1) and the fixed housings, comprising the following steps: continuous checking compatibility values entered parameters; ! the introduction of mathematical parameters and basic configuration parameters! according to claim 1, characterized in that it also comprises profile configuration operation consisting of specified wall thickness emerging constituent elements, which are in the form of a circle whose center is the reference point (9). ! 3. The process configuration of spiral or circular hollow wheel (1) and the fixed housings, comprising the following steps: continuous checking compatibility values entered parameters; ! the introduction of mathematical parameters and basic configuration parameters! according to claim 2, characterized in that it also includes an operation configuration profiles, consisting of a specified magnitude of displacement positions q


Visual soft attention has been widely adopted in image captioning models. Traditional Soft Attention Mechanism (TSAM) assigns a weight to a certain region by using a multilayer perceptron with input from its own features. As image classification networks extract regional features based on spatial locations, TSAM fails to adequately consider the spatial contexts of regions, which leads to unreasonable weight distribution. In this paper, we introduce a flexible and universal attention framework with an inception-like module, named Enhanced Soft Attention Mechanism (ESAM), which can balance the attention levels of adjacent regions and alleviate the problem caused by local features with weak representational ability. Furthermore, we add an LSTM to the attention module so that it can take into account the previous attention distribution while generating the current word. Experimental results show that our ESAM significantly surpasses the TSAM by 4.1% on BLEU-4 and 2.7% on CIDEr, and achieves better results when verifying universality under the same experimental setups.


This case example reports on the provision of mental health and psycho-social support services to unaccompanied minor foreigners (UMF) in the two city states of Hamburg and Bremen in Germany. The coordination, organization and provision of health services to migrants and asylum seekers in Germany is decentralised to the sixteen federal states. Methods The cases are based on a review of journal articles and other available literature sources and a series of semi-standardized interviews with key informants working with UMF. Results The case example from Hamburg focuses on institutional outpatient and inpatient mental health care services for UMF with symptoms of mental health conditions whereas the example from Bremen focuses on mental health and broader psychological support services provided in the context of the assisted living program for UMF. UMF are a fairly well taken care off group of migrants due to the major role of the youth services in service coordination but a critical point of juncture is when UMF turn to adults. Conclusions The relatively high number of arriving UMF from autumn 2015 to autumn 2016 has created some challenges but also opportunities for health services provision in the case of both Hamburg and Bremen. (cid:2) An adequately resourced and cultu-rally skilled staff for mental health services for UMF are vital. (cid:2) Sustainable funding for mental health services provision to UMF is critical. Voluntary donations require sizeable commitment from the public sector.


Abstract : The Art of War, the best known and most studied philosophy of war in history is regularly overlooked by students of the operational art. Developed by 5th century BC Chinese general Sun Wu, The Art of War finds great popularity in the ranks of junior officers and NCOs, dealing with war at the tactical level. Similarly, Sun's philosophy garners great attention among public officials and senior military officers, including many who never get past his opening statement: "War is a vital matter of the state; the province of life or death; the road to survival or ruin." Sun's immediate acknowledgement of the critical nature of war lead many to believe The Art of War is merely another recognition of the primacy of politics in warfare. Therefore, unfortunately, most planning or otherwise engaged in the operational level of war simply ignore a vital, invaluable source. While The Art of War is a one of the fundamental building blocks of the Naval War College Strategy and Policy Course, it gets precious little mention (if any) during the follow-on segment of study, Joint Military Operations. How unfortunate. Sun Tzu's philosophy has many direct applications to those planning and executing the military art at the operational level. Analysis of the Operational Functions (command and control, fires, intelligence, logistics, protection, and synchronization of operational functions) provides a useful framework from which to examine Sun's understanding of operational level warfare.


Recently, the development of "green" methods for fabrication of silver nanoparticles (Ag‐NPs) has been emphasized, in view of their environmental safety, feasibility, and low cost. In this study, a serine protease, EuP‐82 from Euphorbia cf. lactea latex, was used to fabricate silver chloride nanoparticles (AgCl‐NPs) in phosphate‐buffered saline (pH 7.2), under the influence of visible light. The fabricated nanoparticles had a maximal surface plasmon resonance absorption peak at 435 nm. The size of the AgCl‐NPs, estimated by scanning electron microscopy, was 57 ± 14.7 nm. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the fabricated Ag‐NPs were of the AgCl type. The fabricated nanoparticles had antioxidant activity, scavenging DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) radicals with IC50 of 204 ± 1.8 μg/mL. The fabricated AgCl‐NPs had broad‐spectrum in vitro antimicrobial activities, acting against the Gram‐positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and Bacillus cereus, and the Gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AgCl‐NPs also showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans and C. tropicalis. In addition, AgCl‐NPs showed antiprotozoal activity against Giardia lamblia, with IC50 202 ± 2.1 μg/mL. Based on the biological activities of the fabricated AgCl‐NPs, they have the potential for widespread application in medicine and industry.


There is no other way to destroy the Islamic State (or ISIS as it is commonly known) apart from the substantial commitment of ground forces. In the absence of viable alternatives to the Bashar al-Assad regime (whose demise is the Obama administration's expressed objective), the weakness and incompetence of the Iraqi government, and Turkey's doubtful commitment, exclusive reliance on air attacks is an assured recipe for a strategic stalemate that will enable a degraded ISIS to consolidate its position and to inculcate its jihadist ethos into both the society it controls and widening international pools of cohorts. This will in turn make future ground intervention a far tougher and bloodier experience.The Coming Strategic StalemateWhat was optimistically termed the "Arab spring" has since evolved into what looks like a long and ghastly "jihadist winter," in which ISIS has seized the leading role for a number of reasons:The weakness of Iraqi and Syrian security forces. Even before ISIS's conquest of Ramadi (late 2014-early 2015) and Palmyra (May 2015), some 30,000 anti-ISIS troops and Shiite militia took a month's time and heavy casualties to retake the notvery-heavily defended town of Tikrit while the late 2015 Ramadi offensive took several months to recapture a largely deserted city held by a small number of ISIS defenders.1 A large part of the regular Iraqi security forces (ISF) will need to be comprehensively rebuilt, a task widely expected to take years.2 AntiISIS militias, with the possible exception of Hezbollah, are generally much better at defending than attacking and have not been notably effective on the offensive. For example, in the battle for Tikrit in March 2015, while the Shiite militias claimed they were being deliberately slow in their advance, this was probably just doublespeak to explain lack of progress due to heavy casualties on the ground.3While usually more highly rated as fighters, the Kurdish militias may also be of uncertain capability.4 In any case, it is questionable whether the Kurdish peshmerga will be willing to expend lives capturing traditionally ethnic Arab areas from ISIS except for those parts they might ultimately want to include in an independent Kurdish state.In Syria, Assad regime forces, heavily supported by Russia as well as Iran and its Hezbollah proxy, have been unable to do much more than maintain a stalemate with the very fragmented insurgents. The burgeoning Russian intervention, which has not yet fully engaged ISIS, is unlikely to do much more than escalate the stalemate because the Assad regime has admitted that its basic problem is a lack of manpower, and Russian air strikes and a couple thousand Iranian and Hezbollah fighters will not change that.5The effectiveness of ISIS forces. The self-proclaimed Islamic State has built a reasonably effective military that so far has been able to contain enemy forces in Syria and Iraq.6 Credible past estimates placed the size of its military at more than 50,000.7 Reasonably well-trained militias that are willing to die can be a tough fight for even well-trained troops, especially in urban areas, as was demonstrated during the second battle of Fallujah in Iraq in 2004.8The consolidation of control. ISIS has established a minimally functional governing regime in the areas it controls and has ruthlessly worked to suppress or co-opt any potential opposition in those areas.9 So far, it has managed to avoid provoking a major rebellion of the Sunni Arab tribes as happened in the 2006 "Anbar Awakening" during the previous round of the Iraqi civil war. Even if a popular rebellion were to arise that ISIS could not immediately suppress, the most likely result would be a situation parallel to Syria with a multi-sided civil war in which ISIS would be at least strong enough to maintain control over significant areas.Any major attempt by a fundamentally unreformed Iraqi government to retake Sunni Arab majority areas-especially if attempted by Shiite militias or Iranian troops-is all too likely to be viewed by the Sunnis as an attempted re-conquest by a hostile Shiite regime. …


Lucky accidents do happen. As a first year resident (house staff) in internal medicine at the Montreal General Hospital, I was sent for a month to the investigative unit that relied heavily on radiology. The Quebec province radiologists went on strike, the unit closed and I was reassigned to the neurology service. I had always been intrigued by neurology but I shared the then common belief that neurology was very complicated and offered little therapy. The residents were on rounds with Dr Donald Baxter, the head of neurology. A 57-year-old French Canadian man presented with baffling symptoms. I stood at the end of the …