This research aims to identify the forms and functions of imperative utterances produced by Nadiya Hussain in the Netflix cooking show, Nadiya Bakes First Season. The data of this research are imperative utterances produced by Nadiya while delivering her recipes. The descriptive qualitative method and the technique of purposive sampling are applied to answer the research questions. Based on the analysis, there are 310 imperative utterances produced by Nadiya that can be analyzed according to Holmes in Richard and Schmidt's (1983) theory of imperative form and Condoravdi and Laurer's (2012) theory of imperative function. The results show that based on the imperative form, base form of verb highly appeared in the show because it has the simplest form and is usually explicit enough to prevent misunderstanding about the cooking instructions. Besides, verb ellipsis has no occurrence due to the help of visualization of Nadiya while delivering the instructions. Based on the imperative functions, commands function dominates in this show due to the effectiveness of the function which is directly expressed from utterances produced by Nadiya. Group IV: disinterest advice and group II: wish-type uses have the least occurrence because these functions do not have the expectation of the realization of imperative from the hearer, while the cooking show aims to get the viewers to follow the instructions given by Nadiya. After reading this research, hopefully, the readers can recognize the forms and functions of imperative utterances, not only employed in the cooking shows but also in their daily communication.


INTRODUCTION Emergency medicine (EM) has advanced profoundly since its specialty recognition in 1979. As diagnosis and treatment changes, payment restructures and best practices evolve.1 We drive these changes, impacting hospital throughput and revenue to ensure quality emergency care. Our impact on the practice of medicine depends on a body of knowledge, the "biology" of emergency medicine.2 From 2000 to 2010 the number of emergency physicians (EP) increased more than in any other specialty.3 With estimates of over 48,000 EPs practicing in the United States currently and continued opening of new residency programs, multiple sources expect a 20-30% surplus of boardcertified emergency physicians by 2030.4,5 Presciently, a 1997 paper by Holliman et al predicted that the supply of emergency doctors would equal demand in about 2020.6 In 2020, multiple EM organizations created a taskforce to study the projected EM workforce oversupply.4 The University of Louisville School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky Central Emergency Physicians University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland *


If an oil carrier can make only two trips a year between North Alaska and the east coast of the United States by the northern route, oil might be stockpiled during the short season of relatively open ice, e.g. at Resolute or Thule. The problem should be treated at source however with an attempt to melt the permanent pack ice of the Arctic Ocean and Beaufort Sea. The air-bubbling technique and the Bering Strait dam are considered, but the spreading of dark heat-absorbing particles over the ice is preferable. A trial could be made in limited areas during a few years, and if results warrant, it could be continued on a larger scale until the polar sea is opened.


During the last decade there has been increased activity in the application of Operational Research (OR) to the analysis of crime and cirminal justice. The present paper traces the origins of the a...


The advancement of technology towards Next Generation Networks (NGNs) has promised the mobile network a very high speed connection with increase in network resources and support heterogeneity (manifested by the presence of different access networks). This will no doubt enhance global roaming, mobility, scalability and performance of the entire network as users of mobile devices will have unrestricted access to different network providers (NP). However, these users' constant changes in location are characterized by some of the outputs or internal states growing without the network bounds. It became necessary to incorporate some new connectivity paradigms in the networking that will have the ability of determining when and how to adapt to these changes during runtime. This project considered a cooperative framework which is able to coordinate the complexity of the managed systems based on reconfigurable mobile network agents (RMNA) to autonomously decentralize processing and control, hence effectively responding to shortage of network resources and reducing the amount of traffics around the managing station.


Polysilicon etching is a critical process for VLSI. Recently1, HBr appeared to be the best choice for a good selectivity versus oxide and a good profile control. In this paper, we investigated a HBr-Cl2 chemistry in a classical RIE system at pressure below 15 Pa. The etching was performed with either resist or oxide masks. Results were optimized through statistical experimental designs. The influence of the different process parameters: power, pressure and gas flows were detailed. Etching of 100nm patterns, stopping within 70A thin gate oxide (even with a long overetch time) was achieved using the developped process.


Ce-doped (Pb, Gd)3(Al, Ga)5O12 single crystalline garnet films were grown using liquid-phase epitaxy method from supercooled PbO–B2O3-based melt solutions on substrates from Gd3Ga5O12 and Gd3Al2.26Ga2.74O12 single crystals. Optical absorption and photo- and cathodoluminescent properties of these epitaxial garnet films were studied. Ce-doped (Pb, Gd)3(Al, Ga)5O12 garnet films can be used as a fast phosphor in the design of a PIF-01 electron-optical converter.


This study aimed to explore the lived experience of the hidden population of young adult males in managing their deliberate self-hann. Semi-structured inten"iews were conducted either face-to-face (n=5) or online (/1=3) with male participants aged between 18 and 26 years old recruited from self-harm message boards online and a newspaper advertisement. Transcripts of the interviews were subjected to an interpretative phenomenological analysis which revealed four superordinate themes reflecting a journey from negative self-evaluation to self-acceptance: the invalidated self, the struggle for control, validation of the selfby others and learning to live with a new self Participants' experiences reflected the use of deliberate self-harm as a means of emotional regulation, however the management of deliberate self-harm appeared problematic from the outset. Despite the behaviour's subjective benefits it also served to increase participants' emotional distress and increase the likelihood of further self-harm. While gender was not an explicit concern participants nevertheless appeared to make an effort to maintain an illusion of self-control to confonn to a male stereotype. Their struggle to manage their own behaviour met with limited success however and it was not until they were able to seek help and support from others that most were able to manage it more effectively. Despite the hidden nature of the behaviour empathic and validating relationships of support and especially reciprocal relationships were a core feature of all accounts. Even after abstinence from the behaviour was achievedparticipants appeared reluctant to abandon the behaviour altogether and keen to maintain self-harm as a last resort if necessary. Participants' experiences appear to reflect the tension between professional priorities and the needs of those who self-harm for autonomy and responsibility for their own behaviour. The study provides a unique insight into the lived experience of young men in managing self-harming behaviour that may help inform counselling psychologists who encounter male self-harm in their practice.


We describe a new approach in Raman temperature sensing based on broadband incident light. The reported results show the proof of concept and thus form an important basis for future distributed temperature sensing systems.


A lens unit includes a front group, a stop, and a rear group, in order from the object side toward the image side. The front group includes at least: a first lens having a negative meniscus shape; a negative second lens formed from a plastic and having an aspherical surface; and a positive third lens, in order from the object side toward the image side. The rear group includes at least: a positive first lens; and a negative second lens, in order from the object side toward the image side.


Background: The main problem in grapevine cultivation is root-attachment nematodes cause serious yield problems in most crops worldwide. Through their different infection mechanisms these nematodes synthesize and secrete a mixture of protein-based effectors that they use to penetrate the root, migrate and develop into giant root feeding cells in host plants. The use of new molecular tools such as MALDI TOF/TOF (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization - Time-Of-Flight) mass spectrometry and PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique have allowed us to know these proteins and genes in different microorganisms. Objective: To characterize the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica by sequencing the 18S rRNA gene from infected root samples and the effector proteins of juvenile (J2) and adult (J4) stage of M. javanica by MALDI TOF/TOF shotgun proteomics dual mass spectrometry. Methodology: Infected roots of grapevine crop were collected to extract fresh galls and J2 of M. javanica, then inoculated on tomato plants. J4 of M. javanica were used for genomic DNA extraction and sequencing at the 18S rRNA gene level. The J2 and J4 stages of M. javanica were disinfected with sodium hypochlorite (0.5%) and sterile distilled water for protein extraction and analysis with MALDI-TOF/TOF. Finally, the sequences obtained were processed with ProteinPilot™ and Protein BLAST software for the identification of effector proteins of M. javanica. Results: The nematode M. javanica was molecularly identified by PCR amplification of the 18S rDNA gene M. javanica with an identity percentage of 98% from infected root samples and by MALDI TOF/TOF mass spectrometry, effector protein sequences were identified such as: Beta-1,4-endoglucan and polygalaturonase, identified from J2, and expansin B2, CLAVATA3/ESR, Pectate lyase and Chorismato mutase from J4, involved in the different infection processes. In addition, we were able to identify 49 nematode non-effector proteins in both stages related to conserved biological development. Implications: The results indicate the existence of effector proteins related to root gill formation. Conclusions: This study confirms that dual mass spectrometry methodology provides in a rapid and reproducible way a proteomic profile that the galls nematode synthesizes to infect root cells and that can be used in other types of pathogens.


................................................................................................................................. iii DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................................. v TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................................. vi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTORY ISSUES...........................................................1 1.1 Background to the Study ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the problem ...................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Research questions ................................................................................................................ 7 1.4 Literature review ................................................................................................................... 7 1.4.1 Life and Death in the Gospel of John ............................................................................ 7 1.4.2 Life and Death in the Krobo Culture ........................................................................... 11 1.5 Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 15 1.5.1 Theoretical Framework ................................................................................................ 15 1.5.2 Exegesis of the Text: Narrative Criticism .................................................................... 16 1.5.3 Exegesis of Reality: Data Collection ........................................................................... 18 1.6 Organization of Work ......................................................................................................... 19 CHAPTER TWO: EXEGETICAL ANALYSIS OF JOHN 11:1-54..................................21 2.


Cluster analyses have enhanced understanding of the heterogeneity of both paediatric and adult wheezing. However, while adolescence represents an important transitional phase, the nature of young adult wheeze has yet to be clearly characterised.


Objective:To discuss the clinical features and treatment of acute pancreatitis in elderly patients.Method:The data of 146 consecutive elderly patients with acute pancreatitis treated in our hospital in recent 5 years was analyzed retrospectively.The data was compared with another 150 non elderly patients with acute pancreatitis(control group).Result:There were 27 misdiagnosed cases among 146 cases of acute pancreatitis in elderly patients,the misdiagnosis rate was 18.5%.The incidence of severe acute pancreatitis was significantly higher than the control group.129 cases of the elderly patients were cured by non operative treatment and 5 cases died.12 cases were treated by surgical operation and 5 cases died.The mortality was significantly higher than the control group.Conclusion:Acute pancreatitis in elderly patients are combined with high incidence of basic disease.The clinical manifestations are atypical and the complications are serious.Nonoperative treatment should be primarily considered.We should strictly control the timing and method of the operation.


The present manuscript describe simple, sensitive, rapid, accurate, precise and economical first derivative spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous determination of Ambroxol and cefpodoxime in combined tablet dosage form. The derivative spectrophotometric method was based on the determination of both the drugs at their respective zero crossing point (ZCP). The first order derivative spectra was obtained in 0.1 N HCl and the determinations were made at 263 nm (ZCP of cefpodoxime) for Ambroxol and 307 nm (ZCP of Ambroxol) for cefpodoxime. The linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 6-72 µg/ml for Ambroxol and 10-90 µg/ml for cefpodoxime. The % mean recovery was 98.57 ± 1.6 % and 102.92 ± 1.32 % for Ambroxol and cefpodoxime, respectively. The method was found to be simple, sensitive, accurate and precise and was applicable for the simultaneous determination of Ambroxol and cefpodoxime in pharmaceutical combined tablet dosage form. The results of analysis have been validated statistically and by recovery studies.


In this article South African Discourse Analysis is looked at critically, especially with regard to the claim to objectivity and scientific verifiability made by the supporters of the method. Four presuppositions which underlie South African Discourse Analysis are discussed. Following that, Discourse Analysis is defined and the relevant steps in the application of the method are outlined - in each instance accompanied by critical remarks. In the final analysis the value of this method is indicated.


This exploration focuses on the relation between developments in mobility and road safety. Past, present and future developments in mobility have been investigated making use of available data and literature, and the significance of these developments for road safety have been described. At a constant crash rate, an increase in mobility results in a larger number of road traffic crashes and a decrease in mobility results in fewer crashes. Developments in mobility may, however, also lead to changes in the crash rate. This exploration looks at the general developments in mobility and the factors of influence, as well as at developments in mobility that result in changes in the (average) crash rate. Changes in mobility concerning transport mode, road category, gender, age, and ethnicity have been studied. This report may be accessed by Internet users at: http://www.swov.nl/rapport/R-2006-31.pdf


How to Cite This Article: Taghdiri MM. Other Experimental Therapies in Neimann Pick Diseases. Iran J Child Neurol. 2015 Autumn;9:4(Suppl.1): 25. Pls see pdf.


Simon Stevens, the head of NHS England, has warned local healthcare leaders that "history will not thank them" if they are unwilling to set aside their differences and work together to transform the way healthcare is delivered.

With the health service facing the perfect storm of a health gap, a care gap, and a fiscal crisis, NHS England has asked local organisations to collaborate with each other and with local government to draw up sustainability and transformation plans focusing on their local populations' needs.

Speaking at a King's Fund event on how to advance the plans, Stevens said that local leaders must disregard traditional silos and embrace new ways of working to help keep the …


High-level synthesis (HLS) has multiple significant advantages over traditional RT-level design flows. One in particular that we address in this work is the ability to generate multiple functional equivalent design variants with unique tradeoffs, such as area, performance, and power from the same behavioral description. This is typically done by setting synthesis options in the form or pragmas (comments) to mainly control how to synthesize arrays (RAM or registers), loops (unroll, partially unroll, no unroll or pipeline), and functions (inline or not). Setting different pragma combinations lead to these different design implementations. Out of all the pragma combinations the designer is typically only interested in those that lead to the Pareto-optimal designs (PODs). Fortunately, this search can be automated, but unfortunately, the search space to find these pragma combinations grows supra-linearly with the number of pragma settings. Thus, fast and efficient heuristics are needed. These heuristics generate a new pragma combination and then evaluate their effect by synthesizing (HLS) it. The most time-consuming part of this process is having to execute a full synthesis (HLS) on the behavioral description for every new pragma combination. One obvious way to accelerate the exploration is to parallelize the exploration process using a multithreaded heuristic. The theoretical speedup should match the number of parallel threads. The main problem with this approach is that every HLS invokation requires to check out an HLS tool license. This license is not released until the synthesis process has finished. This implies that the maximum number of parallel threads is restricted by the number of available licenses, which in the ASIC case are extremely expensive. On the contrary, FPGA vendors make their HLS tools free. Thus, it is tempting to investigate if FPGA HLS tools can be used to find the PODs in the ASIC case. To address this, in this work we present a dedicated multithreaded parallel HLS design space explorer (DSE) based on transfer learning that is able to accelerate HLS DSE for ASICs by targeting first FPGAs and using machine learning to convert the exploration results obtained to find the optimal ASIC equivalent. Experimental results show the effectiveness and robustness of our approach.


The present study reports the design of the Mn3O4-Cn electrode and its use for simultaneous detection of selenium and nickel in water. The designed electrode can be used as a convenient electrochemical device for on-site testing of Se (IV) and Ni (II) levels in affected regions. The best responses are obtained with 0.1 M phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and 5 mM Fe (CN)6 as supporting electrolyte. The scan rate and the number of cyclic repetitions have a great effect on peak shape and intensity. It is seen from our study that peak intensity is directly proportional to Se (IV) and Ni (II) concentrations in the range of 5 to 250 µg/L (correlation coefficients 0.952 and 0.984) when the optimized parameters are used. The detection limit of 0.533 µg/L Se (IV) and 0.718 µg/L for Ni (VI) with a response time of 18 s for 5–250 µg/L concentration is obtained, respectively. Enhanced analytical results for different water samples establish that the proposed method is appropriate for Se (IV) and Ni (II) detection. FESEM images confirm the Mn3O4-Cn nanocomposite formation on the electrode.


The establishment of zakat institutions is a practice of the Prophet Muhammad PBUH. This is a sunnah amaliyah. The history proved that the establishment of the zakat institutions had benefited the society when there is no zakat recipient during that era. Malaysian government had taken proactive action by establishing legislation and well-structured organizations. Thus, this paper explained the practice that had been implemented in Malaysia. With the establishment of zakat institutions, the concept of "Wakalah" is applied. The legal meaning is a contract made when a competent person authorizes another to perform the legal action on his behalf. Here, zakat institution is considered as a person that has been appointed to execute zakat distribution on behalf of the zakat payer. Zakat fund needs to be classified under separate fund and it cannot be included into consolidated fund. In conjunction with that, zakat received cannot be considered as the government revenue in preparing annual financial statements (Government of Malaysia, 1957). The three classifications of the state zakat institutions are: firstly, the collection and distribution of zakat is under the sub division of SIRC or independent government body. Secondly, segregation of the collection and distribution zakat centers and lastly, corporate collection and distribution zakat centre.


Bouchard, David. The Song Within My Heart . Markham: Red Deer Press, 2015. Print. Similar to Nokum is My Teacher , David Bouchard and Allen Sapp team up to tell the story of a young boy and his Nokum, his grandmother.  Drawing upon his memories, illustrator Allen Sapp paints rich, expressive images of his own Nokum while Bouchard, in the form of a poem, tells the story of a young boy's first experience of a Pow-wow. Bouchard and Sapp warmly guide the reader to more deeply understand the sacredness of story and song.  They highlight the importance of learning to listen with one's whole being and not just with one's ears; to crave more than a direct understanding of the words of a story or a song, but to feel its broader presence as a teaching, as a living part of the teller, and as part of an ongoing journey of learning and self-discovery.  Through the wisdom of his Nokum both the narrator and we, as readers, come to know that "[a] story is a sacred thing," and that stories – especially those we carry in our hearts and "call our own" – are more valuable than "toys or clothes," than "jewels or cars."  Given the sacredness of stories, we are cautioned to "never use another's tale, [u]nless he knows and he approves." The book, along with the drum beats and voices present on the accompanying CD, invites us to think differently about what it means to learn and what it means to respect our own voices and internal knowing. As if to remind us that gentleness is always required in processes of learning, the book ends with a reminder not to worry if we cannot yet understand its message and encourages its readers to continue to listen in these more complex ways, to keep listening for a story they might come to hear, that no one else hears - a story of their very own.  The book is written for elementary children and yet appeals to all ages.  For those wanting to create spaces for the stories of Indigenous children and families, books such as The Song Within My Heart are essential. Not only does it give equal space upon the page for both English and Cree text but with the CD, also inclusive of both English and Cree Language versions and the music of Northern Cree, it also honours oral storytelling traditions. Recommended:  4 out of 4 stars Reviewers:  Trudy Cardinal & Sulya Fenichel Dr. Trudy Cardinal is a Cree/Metis scholar from the University of Alberta whose research interests center on the experiences of Indigenous children and families on and off school landscapes. Her passion for stories and storytelling includes a love of children's literature especially literature written by and portraying the multiplicities in the lives of Indigenous youth and families. Sulya Fenichel is a doctoral student at the University of Alberta. Mindful of important, and increasing, mandates to include Indigenous approaches to living and learning into contemporary curricula she is fascinated by the 'how' of interconnection and communication between people(s) and disciplines.  In her research, she hopes to explore the ways in which key, and sometimes ideologically entrenched, 'stakeholder' groups might improve communication and collaboration in processes of education and sees storytelling, in all its forms, as central to this process.


The city of Esmeraldas is located within the province that has the same name, due to its geographical location; this province has a variety of marine resources and a diversity of flora and fauna. (Pezzi, Chavez, and Minda, 1996), who with their ancestral techniques and local utensils create a unique and varied gastronomy. Based on the history of this province, it can be said that there were three settlements of Africans in this locality in different historical moments. Before the Green Earth was populated by a new ethnic group, it was already inhabited by the natives; However, the latter were enslaved by the Africans in such a way that the blacks managed to get well in these lands (Cabello, 2001). On the other hand, the emerald gastronomy in general has a great cultural wealth that unfortunately a cause of the globalization, the lack of interest on the part of the settlers and the governments in general and by the deforestation, has been affected in its continuity Due to the extinction of some species of flora and fauna of the place, causing a loss of traditions, dishes and drinks emeralds. Similarly, there are ingredients of some preparations that have been modified so that the product has a different taste to the original. As a final result a recipe was made, which contains the ancestral recipes of the city and the traditional form of the preparations. Through this recipe can strengthen the cultural heritage of the locality to ensure that the following generations enjoy their identity and constitute it as a banner of the city.


Barbara Honigmann belongs to the first generation of Jewish Germanspeaking writers raised in a German-language environment after the Holocaust. Her texts, Roman von einem Kinde1 [A Child's Novel] and EineLiebe aus Nichts2 [A Love Made out of Nothing] established her as a prominent representative of re-emerging German Jewish writing3 although she has lived outside of Germany in self-imposed French exile since 1984. During the 1990s, she published four more works, Soharas Reise [Sohara s Journey] , Am Sonntag spielt der Rabbi Fufiball [On Sunday the Rabbi Played Soccer], Damais, dann und danach [At that Timey Theny and Afterwards], and Alles, ailes LiebeA [ With All My Love] which earned her prestigious German literary prizes, including the Heinrich-von-Kleist prize in 2000.5 Central to Honigmann s texts is the construction of identity, in which context she critiques the notion of genealogical and geographical origin by translating identity into a hybrid genre, a form of literary self-representation, or autobiographical fiction, located on the borderline between fact and fiction. Honigmann s three literary autobiographical fictions, Roman von einem Kinde, Eine Liebe aus nichts, and Damais, dann und danach, which I consider a trilogy of Diaspora, map the coordinates in her lifelong process of claiming, and indeed reinventing, a particular Jewish German identity. Honigmann s texts reflect postmodern theories of identity construction, including the fragmentary nature of identity through explorations of the interplay of memory with historical, cultural, religious, familial, ethnic and gendered categories of identity. Distinctive to her construction of Jewish German identity is the literary exploration of her particular exile experience. Through a self-imposed expatriation (first, from the GDR and then, later, from Germany after reunification), returning "nach Hause in die


Policy implementation is one of the main elements of public policy to ensure that policy is successful in resolving all concerns and promoting the efforts made by the organization as a policy implementer. The implementation of public policies can be influenced by several factors, such as limited budget and human resources, lack of socialization, low commitment of authorized officials, including supervision and sanctions that have not been implemented properly. There are many models of public policy implementation, but policy implementation is still ineffective, especially in environmental policies. Some studies have been performed on the development of a policy implementation model with a range of methods and principles, three of them are policy implementation models developed by Van Horn-Van Meter; Grindle; Mazmanian and Sabatier. Those three methods are used respectively according to the existing conditions with different levels of achievement. The objective of this article is to assess the best model of policy implementation related to Acid Mine Drainage management policy of coal mining operations in Indonesia through a comparative study review. The results of the analysis show that the model developed by Mazmanian Sabatier is the most appropriate model to implement the policy of Acid Mine Drainage in Indonesia.


Abstract During 1957-63 a randomized experiment to test the efficacy of cloud seeding to suppress hail in the southern Alps was conducted using ground-based silver iodide generators. While the results from the standpoint of hail suppression were negative, there appears to have been a definite overall effect in increased precipitation on days with seeding. Further, Neyman and Scott discovered that the precipitation effect was strongly positive on days selected for the experiment by one forecaster, and somewhat negative on those selected by another. This paper is an attempt to identify the factors responsible for this difference. An analysis of the meteorological conditions assoiated with the experhnent showed that, in general, the conditions favoring convective predpitafion, i.e., southerly flow and upper-level instability, were also associated with positive seeding effects. To some extent the difference between forecasters referred to above was due to accidental differences in the random selection of seed...


The positive valuation of theatre as live performance, and therefore also its transience, is frequently accompanied by the urgent expression of the need to counter that transience by means of documentation. This desire to 'save' theatre reaches its most fervent expression (and hope of authority and permanence) with the live performance archive. Archive theory, however, now insists on the instability and uncertainty of the archive, which not only documents but also constructs its subject. In this article, Matthew Reason argues that, by tracing comparisons between archives and human memory, it is possible to establish a new formulation of the archive – as detritus, not completeness – that puts a value on mutability as a reflection of theatre's liveness. Matthew Reason is currently completing a PhD on representations of live performance at the University of Edinburgh. He has edited a special edition of the Edinburgh Review (ER106) on Theatre in Scotland, and has previously worked at the Edinburgh International Festival, where his responsibilities included maintaining the archive.


Preface vii PART ONE: OVERVIEW 3 1. The Macroeconomics of the Great Depression: A Comparative Approach 5 PART TWO: MONEY AND FINANCIAL MARKETS 39 2. Nonmonetary Effects of the Financial Crisis in the Propagation of the Great Depression 41 3. The Gold Standard, Deflation, and Financial Crisis in the Great Depression: An International Comparison - With Harold James 70 4. Deflation and Monetary Contraction in the Great Depressim An Analysis by Simple Ratios - With Ilian Mihov 108 PART THREE: LABOR MARKETS 161 5. The Cyclical Behavior of Industrial Labor Markets: A Comparison of the Prewar and Postwar Eras - With James L. Powell 163 6. Employment, Hours, and Earnings in the Depression: An Analysis of Eight Manufacturing Industries 206 7. Unemployment, Inflation, and Wages in the American Depression: Are There Lessons for Europe? - With Martin Parkinson 247 8. Procyclical Labor Productivity and Competing Theories of the Business Cycle: Some Evidence from Interwar U.S. Manufacturing Industries - With Martin Parkinson 255 9. Nominal Wage Stickiness and Aggregate Supply in the Great Depression - With Kevin Carey 276 Index 303


This dissertation consists of three essays on the time series of asset returns. The first essay in Chapter 1--Time-Varying Drivers of Stock Prices--provides novel evidence of the time-varying roles of subjective expectations in explaining stock price variations across the market and 30 industry portfolios monthly from 1976 to 2020. Cash flow expectations matter more under financial uncertainty and recessions, especially among the hardest-hit industries such as Telecommunications during the Dot-com Bubble, Financials during the Great Recession, and Healthcare during the Covid-19 pandemic. Conversely, discount rates explain more price variations during expansionary periods. Finally, inflation expectations, while accounting for 60 percent of price fluctuations in the high inflationary environment before 2000, play a negligible role thereafter. In the second essay in Chapter 2--Investor Sentiment and Asset Returns: Actions Speak Louder than Words--I analyze daily predictability of investor sentiment across four major asset classes and compares sentiment measures based on news and social media with those based on trade information. For the majority of assets, trade-based sentiment measures outperform their text-based equivalents for both in-sample and out-of-sample predictions. This outperformance is particularly noticeable in long-term forecasts. However, real-time mean-variance investors can only achieve economic gains using Bitcoin trade sentiment, suggesting the challenge of transforming sentiment into daily profitable trading strategies. In the last essay in Chapter 3--War Discourse and Disaster Premia: 160 Years of Evidence from Stock and Bond Markets--using a semi-supervised topic model on 7,000,000 New York Times articles spanning 160 years, I test whether topics of media discourse predict future stock and bond market returns to test rational and behavioral hypotheses about market valuation of disaster risk. Focusing on media discourse addresses the challenge of sample size even when major disasters are rare. Our methodology avoids look-ahead bias and addresses semantic shifts. War discourse positively predicts market returns, with an out-of-sample R2 of 1.35 percent, and negatively predicts returns on short-term government and investment-grade corporate bonds. The predictive power of war discourse increases in more recent time periods.


colonic stasis, but was otherwise negative. Cystoscopic examination demonstrated a left hydro- nephrosis, grade iii. A left nephrectomy was done and the patient was discharged on the fourteenth day.


Urban groundwater continues to be at risk of pollution by organic chemicals and microbiological contaminants despite its potential economic and ecological value. Assessing these risks is hampered by the large number of potential sources and the general lack of detailed site data, and so there is a likelihood of poor decisions being made which would spoil the overall quality of life. However, we have shown that it is possible to build a GIS-based risk analysis tool. The tool, called the Borehole Optimisation System or BOS, has been validated against a variety of field datasets, and has been shown to make reasonable predictions of risks - that is within 2 orders of magnitude. Better predictions are made when there is a multiplicity of potential sources within a borehole catchment. There are a range of types of risk predictions that can be made with BOS, including analysis of a single site, mapping of risk over a city, and generic risk analysis without a site specific component. These risk analyses are probabilistic to take account of the uncertainties and poor characterisation of the environment. The information can be presented in a simple enough way to support decision-making and help to enhance the quality of life by targeting resources in an efficient manner.


This paper analyzes the factors influencing the durability of concrete component,discusses them from the stages of design,construction,testing and usage,and proposes ways to improve the durability of concrete.Thus,it achieves the required service life of concrete structures and solves the durability problem of concrete components.


We summarise experiments carried out using a system-initiative spoken CALL system, in which permitted responses to prompts are defined using a minimal formalism based on templates and regular expressions, and describe a simple structural learning algorithm that uses annotated data to update response definitions. Using 1 927 utterances of training data, we obtained a relative improvement of 20% in the system's ability to react differentially to correct and incorrect input, measured on a previously unseen test set. The results are significant at p < 0:005.


Farber disease (FD) is a rare and severe inherited metabolic disorder with childhood lethality and no known cure. Farber patients have mutations in ASAH1 , which codes for the protein acid ceramidase (ACDase). ACDase degrades ceramide; it is an essential and ubiquitous hydrolase. Clinical signs of FD include hepatosplenomegaly, granulomas, and histiocytosis. Some FD patients have been reported to have monocytosis and leukocytosis; some also present with neurological impairments. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has had modest success in treating Farber patients, however it fails in patients with neurological manifestations of the disease. To better understand and improve on BMT for Farber disease, we performed syngeneic BMTs in a mouse model of Farber disease that we have recently generated. In our model a mutation from a patient with dramatically reduced ACDase activity was introduced into the analogous loci in the mouse genome. Our mouse model faithfully recapitulates the clinical signs of FD: mice homozygous for the Asah1 P361R mutation (Hom) show robust and systemic ceramide accumulation, lifespans reduced to 7-13 weeks, growth retardation, hepatosplenomegaly, thymomegaly, and wide-spread histiocytosis. Peripheral blood monocytosis and leukocytosis are evident as are neurological manifestations. Hematopoietic organs are particularly affected, with the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes of Hom Farber mice all being enlarged compared to wild-type (WT) and heterozygous (Het) littermates. These organs are enlarged because they, along with the bone marrow, are massively infiltrated by foamy histiocytes (manuscript in preparation). In this present study we transplanted bone marrow from 4-5 week-old WT donor mice (pre-treated with 5-fluorouracil to enhance hematopoietic stem cell recovery) into 4-5 week-old Hom mice that were myeloablated with radiation. BMT doubled the lifespan of Hom mice to 21 weeks. Weight loss was also reduced, with Hom mice more closely approaching the weight of WT and Het mice. Hematopoietic organ enlargement was minimalized: spleen and lymph node sizes were significantly reduced and thymii were no longer visible. The prevention of hematopoietic organ enlargement was likely due to a drastic reduction in histiocysosis: much fewer foamy macrophages were found in the organs. Additionally, peripheral blood monocytosis and leukocytosis were prevented. This study demonstrates that BMT is efficacious in the treatment of the peripheral complications of Farber disease, yet it is not a permanent cure especially when the disease has neurological implications. It reveals the specific beneficial effects of BMT on hematopoietic organs in this novel mouse model of FD. Future studies will look at enhancing BMT outcomes in FD by transducing donor hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells with recombinant lentiviral vectors encoding WT ACDase. This combination of BMT and gene therapy in lysosomal storage disorders is clinically relevant as it could be translated for use in FD patients, following future clinical implementation for other disorders of this class, such as Fabry disease, for example.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


PRACTICALLY all children, upon entering school, can deal effectively with a variety of simple concrete number tasks. They are highly proficient in counting objects and also in reducing many number problems, even addition and subtraction combinations, to simple enumeration tasks when the situation demands this procedure. However, there are some situations of such a nature that a large portion of the children do not resort to counting but, instead, use a grouping process, whereby several objects (up to six) are treated together as a single whole. Thus, for example, they may recognize, at once and without counting, the fourfoldness of four circles placed thus ". In this case the four circles


I. BACKGROUND Current American social policy and laws prescribe specific jail and prison time for those arrested for the sale and use of hard drugs (heroin, crack, and cocaine powder).(1) This policy is supported in part by the fact that persons selling and using crack, cocaine powder, and heroin frequently violate other criminal statutes.(2) They are likely to commit violent crimes, such as robbery, homicide, and aggravated assault, as well as property crimes, such as shoplifting, theft, burglary, fraud, and cons. They are also likely to participate in other street economic activities, including commercial sex work and assisting in drug sales as lookouts, pitchers, and packagers. Moreover, they routinely engage in behaviors labeled as quality-of-life violations, such as subway fare beating and marijuana smoking.(3) Severe sanctions against drugs users and sellers are promoted by politicians who wish to demonstrate their law and order missions, promoting policies that are "tough on criminals" to help get elected.(4) Arrest and incarceration of "criminals" are the most popular solutions to the "crime" problem among politicians, policy makers, and American voters.(5) During the past decade, police departments have been reorganized and mobilized to target sellers of hard drugs for arrest and imprisonment and to arrest hard drug users for misdemeanor crimes.(6) Special units have vigorously targeted sellers of hard drugs.(7) Persons convicted of crack selling and/or possession of several grams of crack have been sentenced to lengthy prison terms under mandatory sentencing statutes,s In New York State, the Rockefeller Drug Laws of 1973 contained provisions for sentencing sellers of heroin and narcotics to lifetime imprisonment.(9) With the advent of crack cocaine in the mid-1980s, federal legislation mandated a minimum sentence of five years for possession of over five grams of crack. This same penalty was imposed for 500 grams of cocaine powder.(10) Tens of thousands of persons have served, or are currently serving, sentences for drug offenses.(11) The policy-making rhetoric and harsh penalties are specifically targeted at "sellers," "dealers," "traffickers," and "peddlers."(12) Yet, virtually all anti-drug legislation also contains strong provisions criminalizing the "possession" of specified amounts of illegal hard drugs (mainly heroin, crack, and cocaine hydrochloride);(13) such statutes against possession are clearly targeted at users of these illegal drugs. Not only have statutes been altered, but New York City and State have invested heavily in criminal justice approaches aimed at solving the drug problem.(14) In the 1990s, the New York City Police Department (NYPD) enhanced enforcement of drug laws by adopting a policy of "zero tolerance" for "quality of life" offenses.(15) Misdemeanor offenses are sometimes strictly enforced in high crime areas as a tactic to gain information about more serious offenses from those who commit quality of life crimes.(16) Since the mid-1990s, the NYPD has reorganized its management system around the "Compstat" process for intelligence gathering and allocating and tracking police resources.(17) Police management effectively employ data compilations of the location of crimes, complaints of crime and arrests, displayed on electronic pin-maps formatted and generated by Geographical Information Systems (GIS) software.(18) When Compstat maps indicate high concentrations of certain types of crime in particular areas of New York City, the NYPD directs the necessary police resources to those areas to arrest the alleged perpetrators.(19) These pin maps locate crimes, allegations of crimes, and arrests.(20) Moreover, they are used to deploy and track police, applying specially trained units to supplement precinct police in suppressing particular types of crime.(21) Narcotics enforcement relies upon complaints or allegations of drug-related activities to identify areas for intensified policing, usually directed by special drug squads. …


Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) can effectively restore locomotor function after spinal cord injury (SCI). Because the motor neurons are the final unit to execute sensorimotor behaviors, directly studying the electrical responses of motor neurons with SCS can help us understand the underlying logic of spinal motor modulation. To simultaneously record diverse stimulus characteristics and cellular responses, a patch-clamp is a good method to study the electrophysiological characteristics at a single-cell scale. However, there are still some complex difficulties in achieving this goal, including maintaining cell viability, quickly separating the spinal cord from the bony structure, and using the SCS to successfully induce action potentials. Here, we present a detailed protocol using patch-clamp to study the electrical responses of motor neurons to SCS with high spatiotemporal resolution, which can help researcher improve their skills in separating the spinal cord and maintaining the cell viability at the same time to smoothly study the electrical mechanism of SCS on motor neuron and avoid unnecessary trial and mistake.


This paper presents an improved linearity variable-gain amplifier (VGA) in 0.18-µm CMOS technology. The linearity improvement is resulted from employing a new combinational technique, which utilizes third-order-intermodulation (IM3) cancellation mechanism using second-order-intermodulation (IM2) injection, and intermodulation distortion (IMD) sinking techniques. The proposed VGA gain cell consists of a variable-gain attenuator followed by a differential cascode amplifier as a fixed-gain stage. The continuous gain control mechanism in the first stage occurs by varying the gate voltage of an nMOS transistor. Our proposed linearization technique is applied to the fixed gain cascode amplifier of the second stage. To examine the linearity of the proposed circuit, a nonlinear analysis of the cascode amplifier based on Taylor series has been performed. The simulation results show that after linearization, the third-order input intercept point (IIP3) of the whole VGA has been improved about +18 dB at the gain of 15.4 dB. The VGA has a voltage gain varying from -7.5 to 19.5 dB and a bandwidth of 830 MHz to 845 MHz. Morever, the circuit dissipates 4.65 mW to 9.35 mW from a 1.8 V single supply over the entire gain range.


Mulya MB, Jhon AH, Harahap ZA. 2021. Population dynamics of anchovy pekto (Stolephorus waitei) in the waters of Malacca Strait, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2693-2698. Anchovy pekto or Stolephorus waitei (Engraluidae: Clupeiformes) is one of the fish in the eastern coastal part of North Sumatra, occupying the waters of Malacca Strait. This research presents the population dynamics of S. waitei following its age, growth, mortality, and recruitment pattern based on the length-frequency data. Fork length (FL) and total weight (TW) data of S. waitei were collected at three sites from April to September 2018. A total of 1994 specimens with FL from 4.0 to 6.7 cm and TW from 0.2 to 2.3 g with the length-weight relationship of TW = 0.073FL (R=0.765) indicated a near isometric and positive allometric growth in the water region. The relative condition factor (Kn) ranged from 1.01 to 1.02, indicating an estimate of good condition of the fishes. The growth parameters based on von Bertalanffy was 6.56 cm (Lꝏ) with the growth coefficient (K) of 0.34 yr and t0 (anchovy age at zero length ) of 0.6506. The total mortality (Z), natural mortality (F), and catch mortality (M) of S. waitei were 0.64, 1.39, and 0.75 yr respectively, which suggest that the fishing activities of S. waitei are still in normal intensity. The recruitment pattern of S. waitei was stable between April and August with its peak in June by 14.21%. The fishing activities may then be limited during the spawning months (May to June) of S. waitei to maintain their population in the Strait of Malacca.


This paper is going to use Grey Model to analyze the research tool of abilities of problem solving. There are 10 questions in the Test of problem solving. The results of this paper is not only identify the easiest and the most difficult concepts for students, but also displays that the Grey Model can really found out the students' abilities of problem solving, therefore the analysis of Grey Model is better than that of tradition method.


A virtual laboratory was designed and implemented for complex and linear DC circuit.Using relevant mathematical models for simulation and display,it features in non-custom,visualization and real-time.


This paper looks into a new policy framework of the Seoul Metropolitan Government that aims to create a new urban governance and use a citizens' participation as an urban regeneration tool. Particular attention is paid to the transformation process of new urban governance and its contribution to the regeneration process of underused urban spaces in the long term. Using a case study approach, a link was identified between the roles of coordinator groups and the long-term legacy of reuse of underused urban spaces. This trend is contextualised within the hierarchical fiscal mechanism in which new urban programmes are established and implemented. The findings emphasise the constant role of coordinator groups and the significance of the soft content curated by them in the regeneration process of the underused urban spaces in Seoul.


An efficient noninvasive system for simultaneous transmission of wireless power and data is vital for continuous human health monitoring. In this article, we present a self-tuned spiral-shaped antenna with dual-band characteristics operating at 920 MHz and 2.4 GHz for efficient wireless power transfer (WPT) and data telemetry, respectively. To avoid vision blockage, the proposed smart contact lens (SCL) dipole antenna comprises two symmetrical spiral arms with inner and outer diameters of 10 and 14 mm, respectively. The SCL antenna was printed on a thin flexible polyimide substrate with a biocompatible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating. The influence of dispersed dielectric properties of PDMS on SCL antenna performance was investigated. Furthermore, the antenna was combined with a miniaturized rectifier and a micro-LED to demonstrate wireless LED illumination on a saline-filled model head. The power transfer efficiency (PTE) as a function of eye movement in the form of a path gain was also investigated. In addition, the PTE across the distance variations from 10 to 30 mm was computed, and a −17.85 dB was achieved at a separation of 12 mm. A specific absorption rate analysis was performed to determine human eye safety under radio frequency exposure from the external transmitter and the results complied with the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection guidelines. Furthermore, a theoretical link power budget analysis was experimentally validated using software-defined radio. Measurements of s-parameters were noted through the use of a saline solution to mimic a realistic human eye and were found to have a reasonable correlation with the simulated results.


The invention discloses a halogen-free flame-retardant PP/polyester alloy and a preparation method thereof. The halogen-free flame-retardant PP/polyester alloy comprises the following components by weight: 16.5-58% of PP; 5-10% of PBT; 15-30% of PET; 2-8% of a compatilizer; 0.2-0.5% of a nucleating agent; 3-6% of a flexibilizer; 15-25% of a halogen-free flame retardant; 1-2% of a synergistic flame retardant; 0.2-0.5% of an anti-dripping agent; 0.1-0.5% of an anti-oxidant; and 0.5-1% of a lubricant; the compatilizer is one of or a mixture of more than one of PP-g-MAH, POE-g-GMA, SEBS-g-MAH, and EPDM-g-MAH. The halogen-free flame-retardant PP/polyester alloy of the invention has low cost, good flame retardation performance and electric properties, can substitute part of halogen-free flame-retardant ABS, PC, PBT materials, has good molding effect, is easy for color matching, and is widely applicable to fields of electron, electricity, household appliances, and the like.


An array of 24 times 16 electrochemical sensors for detecting bio-molecules uses gold sensor electrodes added to a 0.5 mum CMOS process. Detection is based on time-resolved measurement of charge (chronocoulometry). A differential measurement technique uses a replica electrode and fast integration to suppress background offset signals


The plasma potential Φpl and its fluctuations Φpl were measured by electron emissive probes in the edge plasma regions of two fusion experiments: the Instituto Superior Tecnico Tokamak (ISTTOK) (Lisbon, Portugal), and the Czech Academy of Sciences Torus (CASTOR) tokamak (Prague, Czech Republic). Into ISTTOK, three emissive probes were inserted outside the last closed flux surface (LCFS) on different minor radii. In CASTOR, two emissive probes, poloidally separated, and two cold cylindrical probes, mounted on the same shaft, were used, which could be radially shifted outside and inside the LCFS. The advantages of a sufficiently emissive probe are that in principle Φpl and Φpl can be measured directly, without being affected by electron temperature fluctuations or drifting electrons.


GVHD and graft failure are serious problems in CBT. PES after CBT also occurs frequently and is associated with transplantation‐related complications such as acute GVHD. We reviewed medical records for 70 consecutive child CBT recipients between December 1997 and April 2015. Forty‐nine patients received prophylaxis against GVHD with CsA or Tac in combination with mPSL from day +7 (mPSL group), and 21 patients received CsA or Tac with MTX on day +1 and day +3 (MTX group). Neutrophil engraftment was detected in 59 patients (84.3%). Neutrophil engraftment rate in the MTX group was significantly higher than that in the mPSL group (21/21 (100%) and 38/49 (77.6%), respectively, p = 0.027). PES developed in 35 patients, and the incidence of PES in the mPSL group was significantly higher than that in the MTX group (p = 0.036). The incidence of severe acute GVHD (grade III or IV) in the MTX group was significantly lower than that in the mPSL group (p = 0.049). Although this study was a small‐scale study, the results showed that increase in the rate of engraftment and decrease in the incidence of early immune reactions such as PES and severe acute GVHD could be achieved by early commencement of immunosuppression using MTX.


This paper focuses on the pricing policy of a well-informed profit- maximizing producer selling to asymmetric retailers who compete a la Cournot. An optimal upstream two-part tariff implies the exit of the inefficient retailer, thus causing downstream monopolization. When this would bring about a significant increase in the efficient retailer's bargaining power, as is plausible, the producer will try to avoid this and consequently choose a pricing scheme that does not cause downstream monopolization. When this is the case, two alternatives emerge: a two-part tariff (ensuring no downstream monopolization) or third-degree price discrimination. The more asymmetric in cost retailers are (consistent with no downstream monopolization), the more likely it is to see third-degree price discrimination as the equilibrium wholesale pricing. When third-degree price discrimination is implemented, a welfare loss is easily produced.


This present study was intended to expand utilization of starch as transdermal film-forming excipient. In the previous study, starch have been physically and chemically modified through complete pregelatinization and phthalatization process in aqueous -alkaline medium (pH 8-10) , resulting pr agelatinized cassava starch phthalate (PCSPh) . The obtained PCSPh possesed the degree of subtitution of 0.0541 ± 0.0019 and showed different physical, chemical, and functional properties compared to pr agelatinized cassava starch ( PCS). PCSPh showed higher gel strength value than PCS, a good characteristic to be used as film forming for transdermal dosage forms. In this study, transdermal film were produced using PCSPh as film-forming, glycerin and propylenglycol as plasticizer and ketoprofen as drug model. This transdermal film showed good mechanical properties, including folding endurance, elongation and tensile strength. The in-vitro drug release study showed that 71 .78 – 107 .07% of ketoprofen has been released from transdermal film in 4 hour s by diffusion-controlled mechanism. In vitro penetration study using Franz diffusion cell showed that 72 .77 – 108 .04% of ketoprofen were able to penetrate the skin membran of Spague-Dawley rats with the flux of 1.499 – 2.311 mg/cm 2 . hour in first three hours and 0.865 – 1.301 mg/cm 2 .hour up to 8 hour. Therefore, it was concluded that PCSPh had good characteristics to be applied as film-forming excipient for transdermal dosage form.


The aim of marketing is to engage customers and affect how they think and act. To affect the whats, whens, and hows of buyer behavior, marketers must first understand the whys. final consumer buying influences and processes.


Classical symmetric pairs consist of a symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebra $\mathfrak{g}$, together with its subalgebra of fixed points under an involutive automorphism of the second kind. Quantum group analogs of this construction, known as quantum symmetric pairs, replace the fixed point Lie subalgebras by one-sided coideal subalgebras of the quantized enveloping algebra $U_q(\mathfrak{g})$. We provide a complete presentation by generators and relations for these quantum symmetric pair coideal subalgebras. These relations are of inhomogeneous $q$-Serre type and are valid without restrictions on the generalized Cartan matrix. We draw special attention to the split case, where the quantum symmetric pair coideal subalgebras are generalized $q$-Onsager algebras.


A study examined children's reading difficulties at the early grade levels and explored how federal and state governments are responding to this critical education problem. Sections of the study address: background issues in reading achievement; federal response to improve poor reading achievement; state issues in early reading achievement; effective intervention programs; and trends in reading assessment. Results indicate that five factors contribute to children's reading difficulties: (1) lack of phoneme awareness; (2) difficulty with reading comprehension; (3) lack of motivation to learn to read; (4) inadequate preparation of teachers; and (5) lack of standards and accountability. Findings suggest that there continues to be a gap between instructional theory and practice, and that as schools implement a balanced approach to reading instruction, adjusted curriculum, textbooks, and assessment models will be needed. Contains 28 references, and a figure and a table of data. (EF) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.


Pierre and Hoagland (Mayo Clin Proc 46: 52-55, 1971) have observed that, with increasing age, male patients will have increasing proportions of bone marrow cells lacking the Y chromosome. Physiologic aneuploidy of human chromosomes has been found in the endometrium (HUGHES an(I CSERMELY, Nature (Lond) 209: 326, 1966) and to a lesser degree in other types of cells such as urinary bladder epithelium, fibroblasts, peripheral lymphocytes, an(l amniotic fluid cells. Blood lymphocytes have been the most widely analyzed cells; the proportion of aneuploidy is in the range of 2.29 to 12.92% (JACOBS ET AL, Nature (Lond) 197: 1080, 1963). An increase in the proportion of aneuploid cells with increasing age of patients also has been demonstrated (JACOBS ET AL, Nature (Lond) 191: 1178, 1961). In our study we were interested in the in vitro growing ability of dental pulp cells, disclosure of possible alterations of karyotype in these cells, and dependency of these changes on the age of the patient. Because of the relatively low metabolic activity and low mitotic index of pulp tissue of older individuals, we expected the persistence of a higher proportion of aneuploid cells in these tisstses than in the tissue of younger individuals. Our assumption was that cell selection against an aberrant cell is less marked in the slower growing tissue. Our series consisted of 44 tooth pulps (35 fsom males, 9 from females) successfully grown in vitro. Age of the individuals ranged from 12 to 57 years, and all permanent tooth groups were represented. The indications for extraction of these teeth were mainly for orthodontic treatment or prosthetic restoration. None of the teeth used in the study were extracted because of periodontal disease, pulpitis, or periapical pathology. Explants were grown in Falcon flasks


This paper is concerned with the data of experimental commercial tests of a high-pressure cross-drum boiler for the corrective treatment of its steam-generating circuit with Helamin as a substitute for phosphates and hydrazine. A Helamin concentration of 0.37 mg/dm (at NH 3 not over 300mg/dm 3 ) in the feedwater is found to ensure stable standard characteristics of the feedwater and the boiler water with respect to the pH and Fe.


Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are key enabling technologies for the fourth industrial revolution, referred to as Industrie 4.0 or Industry 4.0. The Reference Architecture Model Industrie 4.0 (RAMI4.0) has recently been standardized and OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA) is listed as the sole recommendation for implementation of a communication layer. Many automation and control systems offer already implementations of OPC UA but no satisfying implementation of OPC UA was found for Arduino, a popular platform for engineering physical computing systems. This paper presents open source integration and application of a customizable OPC UA server on an Arduino Yun board using open62541, an open source and free implementation of OPC UA. The Arduino board discussed in this paper offers hot-end closed-loop temperature control for a 3D printer but the temperature set value and control parameters can be manipulated and requested via OPC UA using OPC UA clients. The application is verified using Prosys OPC UA Client and UaExpert. The results of our research can be used for developing open source cyber-physical systems without specialized knowledge in microcontroller programming, bringing Industry 4.0 applications into classrooms without effort.


Pan-sharpening has become a widely used tool to produce remotely sensed imagery which is rich in both spatial and spectral content. The main requirements on the pan-sharpening algorithms are to maximize the spatial content of the result and, simultaneously, to minimise spectral distortions, which may occur during processing. This paper presents a method for merging a set of multispectral bands with the higher spatially resolved panchromatic band. The experiments for the validation of the proposed pan-sharpening method were carried out with the use of data from modern very high resolution satellite instruments (IKONOS, THEOS, GeoEye-1). The results suggest that the spatial quality of the resulting images is significantly improved, while the spectral quality is maintained. Moreover, the actual merging algorithm is fast and straightforward to implement, since it mainly consists of linear operations with matrices.


Many rutile-type materials are characterized by a softness in shear with pressure which is coupled to a Raman-active librational motion. Combining direct studies of anion positions in SnO2 with measurements of its electronic properties, we nd a cor- relation between O sublattice disorder between 5 - 10GPa and an anomalous decrease up to 4 orders of magnitude in electrical resistance. Hypotheses into the atomistic nature of the phenomenon are evaluated via ab initio calculations guided by EXAFS analysis, and the most likely mechanism is found to be the displacement of single an- ions resulting from the pressure-induced softening of the librational mode. Based on this mechanism, we propose that the same behavior should feature across all materials exhibiting a rutile to CaCl2 phase transition, and that conductivity in other rutile-type materials could be facilitated at ambient pressure by appropriate design of devices to enhance defects of this nature.


The Bachelor paper focuses on making a summary of ways children spend their free time in preschool age. The theoretical part defines the ways to spend free time in general, in the group of preschool age children and pedagogy of free time. The paper describes the meaning and importance of free time for person?s life. The practical part consists of research in a group of children in preschool age, specifically children 5-7 years old. It concentrates on sphere of spending and using their free time. It contains the progress of the research and the results.


With the view of improvising human control over robots and other automated machines, a number of techniques have been devised. The aim is to make these machines more and more human friendly. This has led to technologies, which allow us to simply talk to the robot or make them follow a particular gesture instead of writing extensive codes in difficult computer languages. One such technology, which has a vast scope and thus gaining popularity, is the Eye Gaze Tracking technique. It involves communicating with the robot through the user's eye by making it follow the eye movement. In this paper a self-made Video Camera based Gaze tracking system has been discussed, whose output can be used to control an in house 3R robot manipulator via Arduino Uno micro controller. The process involves image acquisition using a USB web cam mounted on the user's PC at a fixed position. The image frames obtained from video in real time undergo processing in MATLAB to provide necessary information regarding user's point of gaze. This information can then be used to control the movement of the 3R robot using a suitable GUI in real time. In order to determine the point of gaze, firstly the face of the user is detected from the image frame. Then the eye region is cropped from the face, discarding the remaining image. From this eye region, iris and pupil are located and their centers are calculated in real time to be stored in an array. A database is thus created using multiple trial runs which forms the training data set. This database is then utilized for mapping of iris/pupil center co-ordinates to corresponding gaze points on the computer screen. Mapping is done using Euclidean distance calculated between the test data and the training set. Thus a particular set of pupil center co-ordinates correspond to a particular point on screen. This method can be used to move the cursor to a desired location on the screen using just the eye motion. The cursor is made to move on a GUI with push buttons consisting of control instructions for the 3R robot.


A kinetic theory for the Brownian motion of spherical rotating particles is given starting from a generalized Fokker-Planck equation. The generalized Fokker-Planck collision operator is a sum of two ordinary Fokker-Planck differential operators in velocity and angular velocity space respectively plus a third term which provides a coupling of translational and rotational motions. This term stems from a transverse force proportional to the cross product of velocity and angular velocity of a Brownian particle. Collision brackets pertaining to the generalized Fokker-Planck operator are defined and their general properties are discussed. Application of WALDMANN'S moment method to the Fokker-Planck equation yields a set of coupled linear differential equations (transport-relaxation equations) for certain local mean values. The constitutive laws for diffusion, heat conduction by Brownian particles and spin diffusion are deduced from the transport-relaxation equations. The transport-relaxations coefficients appearing in them are given in terms of the two friction coefficients for the damping of translational and rotational motions and a third coefficient which is a measure of the transverse force. By the coupling of translational and rotational motions a diffusion flow gives rise to a correlation of linear and angular velocities.


This research is aim to analyze factors affecting the performance of accounting information system (SIA) of Islamic Banks in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). The variables that are expected to influence SIA including the existence of monitoring board, formalization of information system, top management support, user involvement, technical skill of staff, organization size, training and education program, location of information system department, communication between user and developer, and user conflict . As many as 65 respondents were taken from 3 Islam banks in DIY. The research findings show that there are 6 variables that significantly influencing the performance of SIA, namely: the existence o fmonitoring board, top management support, user involvement, technical skill of staff, organization size, training and education program, location of information system department, communication between user and developer. Meanwhile, user conflict variable has negative influence on the performace of SIA. Formalization of information system variable and organization size variable have no influence on the performance of SIA.


Dental material containing at least a vinyl cyclopropane of the general formulas I, in which A, B in each case independently of one another, OH or COOH; X, Y are each O or NH are independently of each other; R and n, m are each independently 0, 1 or 2, wherein when X = Y = O, R


Nowadays, the rapid development of artificial intelligence has brought great progress to computer vision (CV) technology. As the number of layers in the neural network model continues to deepen, the accuracy of the model is constantly improving, but the computational complexity of the model becomes larger and larger, and the model needs to be trained on GPU or even TPU. The huge amount of com- putation limits the many techniques of deep learning that can only be moved to the cloud and cannot be applied on mobile devices. In order to alleviate this problem, many scholars have proposed a variety of model compression and acceleration algorithms, mod- el pruning is one of the classic algorithms. As a common model compression and acceleration algorithms, model pruning can re- duce network complexity and computation effectively. However, the pruning algorithm generally has a long training time, and the accuracy of the model decreases too fast when the complex task is pruned. In view of this, this paper proposes two improved schemes, which can effectively alleviate the problem that the accuracy of model degradation is too fast, and greatly shorten the training time. When experimenting on a complex task such as the image caption model, the accuracy of the model can remain unchanged basically when the computational complexity of the model is reduced by half.


The atrocious food habit and modern life style stimulate the prevalence of stenosis. Stenosis of pulmonary artery branches is an anomaly characterized by narrowed segments of one or more of the main or peripheral branches of the pulmonary artery. This narrowing may force the heart to pump harder, leading to enlarged heart and high blood pressure in the right ventricle and it results in heart failure and lung related disease like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. To analyze deviations in pressure and velocity in blood flow, the artificial 3D model of different stages of stenotic condition in pulmonary artery is to be created using ANSYS 15 (Autodesk Inventor Software). Through this analysis certain range of pressure and velocity is obtained. This value helps in understanding the treatments suitable for desired stenosis condition.


A graphene/waterborne polyurethane (WPU) nano composite was prepared by in-situ polymerization of PU and graphene having isocyanate (iGO) group in order to improve physicochemical/electrical characteristics. The properties of the graphene/WPU nanocomposite can effectively be enhanced as compared pristine WPU; up to 57% of tensile strength and fold of electrical conductivity with introduction of 2 wt% graphene. In addition, mechanical/electrical properties of the graphene/WPU nanocompsite were higher than those of graphene/WPU composite prepared by a simple physical blend method. It might attribute to homogeneous dispersion of iGO in the WPU matrix via covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds between WPU and iGO from the results of morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).


The article is devoted to Russian cases teaching to foreign students at the initial stage of study. The description of the cases is based on two fundamental principles communicative and cognitive. It enables the author to allocate a comprehensive formal and cognitive representation of cases for teaching purposes.


To produce a spatial risk map regarding spread of Crimean‐Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in the western Palearctic by linking a process‐driven model of the main tick vector, Hyalomma marginatum, to a Next Generation Matrix.


Results of an investigation into the applicability of neural networks to the classification of radar terrain images are reported. The neural network approach is described and compared with the conventional technique of Bayesian classification with maximum-likelihood estimation. Performance that was previously thought to be optimal is shown to be improved upon by the use of neural networks. The results shown generalize to all applications currently employing Bayesian classification.<<ETX>>


When solving parabolic equations in two space dimensions implicit methods are preferred to the explicit method because of their better stability properties. Straightforward implementation of implicit methods require time-consuming solution of large systems of linear equations, and ADI methods are preferred instead. We expect the ADI methods to inherit the stability properties of the implicit methods they are derived from, and we demonstrate that this is partly true. The Douglas-Rachford and Peaceman-Rachford methods are absolutely stable in the sense that their growth factors are ≤ 1 in absolute value. Near jump discontinuities, however, there are differences w.r.t. how the ADI methods react to the situation: do they produce oscillations and how effectively do they damp them. We demonstrate the behaviour on two simple examples.


A leaf area index simulation model of cotton was developed under full and deficit irrigation in Xinjiang. The model was based on beta function of daily heat effect as time scales,and the effect of soil water stress was considered. One ordered derivative of the Logistic function was used to describe the changing rate of leaf area index. One ordered derivative of the Logistic function was also used to describe leaf senescence process and assumed that leaf senescence occurred since the early flowering. The acceleration effects of soil water stress and temperature on leaf senescence were also considered in the model. Finally field observations from Shihezi were used for model parameter calibration,evaluation and sensitivity analysis. Evaluation results showed that under the condition of full irrigation the root mean square error( RMSE) between simulated and observed leaf area index( LAI) values was 0. 22 m2/ m2 and the residual accumulation coefficient( CRM) was- 0. 01. Under the condition of 20% and 40% deficit irrigation RMSEand CRMwere 0. 37 m2/ m2,0. 05 and 0. 05 m2/ m2,0,respectively. In addition,thedetermination coefficient of linear relationship between simulated and observed LAI was 0. 96. Simulation results showed that the model was accurate in describing the dynamic changing process of cotton LAI during the whole growth period in Xinjiang. Sensitivity analysis results showed that under the condition of sufficient water,potential leaf aging area,maximum daily leaf extension area and aging area,early flowering start time were the main parameters affecting the model. The model had a few parameters and it can be used to supply the LAI dynamic information for establishing the Xinjiang cotton growth model and evapotranspiration model.


The structure of Langmuir monolayers containing either a lipidated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-lipid) or a lipidated peptide (peptide-amphiphile) or a binary mixture of both was studied using neutron reflectivity. The PEG portion of the PEG-lipid extends into the water, forming dense polymer "brushes". The PEG volume fraction profiles and the brush height were evaluated from the reflectivity curves for monolayers containing PEG-lipids with PEG molecular masses of 120, 750, 2000, and 5000 Da at various grafting densities. At relatively low surface densities, the segmental concentration profile for DSPE-PEG5000 (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[(ethylene glycol)n], DSPE) and DSPE-PEG2000 was well-described by the parabolic profile predicted by the analytical self-consistent mean field theory. An increase in the surface density produced "flattening" of the profile, which became more pronounced as the chain length decreased. The dependence of the brush height on the surface density and the ch...


According to the requirement of inter-system EMC test and EMC prediction, the structure, contents and interfaces of EMC database are described in detail, Three-layered EMC database design is produced by the COM technique, which can guarantee the stable and extension of database in future. The design of EMC test sub-database and EMC prediction sub-database can satisfy all the EMC requirements in practice. This work can promote the same type database design and relative work research.


In the economic and cultural globalization process, ancient, stable ethnic arts have undergone many changes. It started to become a market behavior, a kind of economic activities, and formed an industrial trend of development. Based on an analysis of the feasibility and necessity of ethnic arts, as a cultural industry, the author tried to explore the survival and further development of ethnic arts in the new economic, cultural background.


This paper makes the case for the teaching and learning of cultural entrepreneurship in university and community-based education in the Caribbean at a crucial time in the social and economic development and growth of the region and creative economy.

According to Nurse (2007), the cultural and creative industries have long been identified as a vital strategic resource in the move towards creating sustainable development for the Caribbean region in job creation, income generation and export earning. However, Nurse, (2007) stated that the lack of education and training in arts administration, management and cultural entrepreneurship have been a hindrance to the development and growth of the sector. Dunn and Thomas, (2013) also identified education and training as deterrent to growth of entrepreneurship in the creative sector. This was the prevailing rationale for the University of the West Indies creating the Master of Arts in Creative Arts Management a the Errol Barrow Centre for Creative Imagination, Cave Hill Campus, Barbados to meet the specific needs in Barbados and the region. The entrepreneurship route of the MA programme and the Entrepreneurship and Project Management Artscourse specifically, designed and delivered by the author in the academic years 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 are the focus of this paper. The thematic areas of the first International Conference on Teaching and Learning Cultural Entrepreneurship that it addresses are curriculum design and practitioners critique.


Purpose To investigate the value of Snap-Shot Pulse(SSP) technique in reducing radiation dosage of CT Coronary angiography(CTCA) examination with 64-slice spiral CT.Materials and Methods All 83 patients with CTCA scanning were divided into 2 groups:Group A(n =36) with Helical scanning;group B with SSP scanning(n =47).Heart rate and body mass index of the patients,picture noise,score of coronary artery,CTDIvol,DLP and ED of two groups were compared.Results 80.1 radiation dosage was reduced of group B compared with that in group A.Average radiation dosage of group A was 21.6mSv,and that of group B was 4.3mSv.There were no significant difference of patient's heart rate,BMI,image quality score and image noise between two groups.Conclusion SSP scanning effectively reduces the radiation dosage in CTCA examination.


This research investigated the use of poems for reflection. Participants (n = 16) were enrolled upon a Foundation Degree in Sports Coaching. Part modular assessment saw the students create an action plan that provided key indicators as to their ability within a range of study skills. The entire cohort failed to implement the plan. Whilst there exists a prevailing wind of poetic embrace within the social sciences, limitations are evident within the domain of sport and physical activity. The research questions whether poems may be implemented as a means to initial reflection and reorientation and as a consolidation of prior learning. Findings suggest poetry may aid initial reflection and reorientation and a consolidation of prior learning, that the writings were enjoyable, at times frustrating, developmental and that such creativity might be advocated elsewhere across the HE curriculum. Implications for the learner are discussed and I suggest a framework for practitioners ('Reflective Facilitation'), which considers how we may assist our learners in a process of guided discovery in which their reflections may become critical and self-governed. The paper then considers the limitations of the research process and offers considerations for future practice.


Abstract In this paper, we present a new pruning algorithm formed by combining the Statistical Stepwise Method (SSM) [1] with the Iterative Pruning (IP) [4] algorithms. This proposed algorithm (SSIP) is used to simultaneously remove unnecessary neurons or weight connections from a given feed-forward neural network (NN) in order to "optimize" its structure. Some modifications to the previous pruning algorithms published in [1] and [4] are also reported. Two versions of the combined SSIP are considered: In the fast version, SSIPl, the modified IP is fast applied to the given neural network in order to prune insignificant units, and then the modified SSM is applied to the pruned network to remove unnecessary links. In the second version, SSIP2, the above procedure is applied to each layer in turn, working from the input layer to the output layer. The performances of the algorithms are compared using two real world applications, brain disease detection and texture classification, and the superiority of the SS...


The paper,selecting two typical cities Shanghai and Hefei as examples,uses six housing consumption indexes to make a quantitative analysis on the superiority and applicability of the mode of purchase economically affordable housing by accumulation fund. The results show that the superiority is that it can reduce the total sum of money for housing purchasers and their loan amount they should pay every month,which reduces the pressure of consumers; the applicability means that it is suitable for developed economic areas and less developed economic areas. At last,it presents the specific policy suggestions on the improvement of the deposit base for housing fund and the curb of trend of rise in prices of economically affordable housing.


The aromatic nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) reactions of N-(2-bromo-3-nitrobenzyl)aniline (18), N-(2-bromo-3-nitrobenzyl)-4-methylaniline (19) and N-(2-bromo-3-nitrobenzyl)-4-nitroaniline (20) with [nBuSeNa] afford N-[2-(butylselanyl)-3-nitrobenzyl]aniline (21), N-[2-(butylselanyl)-3-nitrobenzyl]-4-methylaniline (22) and N-[2-(butylselanyl)-3-nitrobenzyl]-4-nitroaniline (23), respectively. The bromination of 21 results in the formation of cyclic isoselenazolines 7-nitro-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzisoselenazole (27) and 2-(4-bromophenyl)-7-nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzisoselenazole (28). The bromination of 22 affords isoselenazolines 2-(4-methylphenyl)-7-nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzisoselenazole (29) and 2-(2-bromo-4-methylphenyl)-7-nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzisoselenazole (30) along with some other products. The bromination of 23 under identical conditions gave 2-(2-bromo-4-nitrophenyl)-7-nitro-2,3-dihydrobenzisoselenazole (31). The oxidation reaction of 21–22 with H2O2 yielded isoselenazoline Se-oxides 7-nitro-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzisoselenazole 1-oxide (33) and 2-(4-methylphenyl)-7-nitro-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzisoselenazole 1-oxide (34), respectively. The new isoselenazolines and isoselenazoline Se-oxides, stabilized by intramolecular secondary Se···O interactions, have been structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies and investigated by computational studies. In addition to the synthesis and characterization, the glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like activities of isoselenazolines and isoselenazoline Se-oxides have been evaluated by coupled reductase assays.


Commercial finite element software packages are widely used for the numerical simulation of sheet metal forming processes. However, most of existing software packages present some limitations. In particular, they are essentially based on phenomenological constitutive models and, accordingly, they do not precisely account for physical mechanisms of plasticity that take place at finer scales, or the associated microstructure evolution. In this context, we propose to couple the Abaqus finite element code (see [1, 2, 3, 4]) and the LAM3 code with micromechanical simulation techniques based on crystal plasticity and a selfconsistent scale-transition scheme ([5, 6, 7]), as schematized in figure 1. This coupling strategy will be applied to the simulation of rolling processes in order to assess the influence of the loading path on the evolution of the mechanical properties of the material. By following some appropriately selected strain paths (see Figure 2) along the rolling process, one can predict the texture evolution of Figure 1: Schematic diagram of direct coupling strategy applied to the polycrystalline plasticity model by Scacciatella [8]. the material as well as other parameters related to its microstructure. Our numerical results are compared with experimental data in the case of ferritic steels elaborated by the steel maker ArcelorMittal. Figure 2: Schematic of the rolling simulation following the (a) upper, (b) middle, and (c) lower deformation path during the rolling process.


A basic formulation (50 g sucrose + 47.5 g milk powder + 1.5 g cocoa powder) was mixed thoroughly with various proportions of xanthan, sodium alginate, tragacanth gum and carrageenan gums to make fifteen desired formulations of ice cream powder. The ice cream powders and water were poured into the ice cream maker machine in proportions of one to one (w/w) and ice creams were prepared and compared. Melting time, rheological and organoleptic tests on the produced ice creams were performed and the results showed that the maximum viscosity and melting time belonged to the number 7 and 14 samples, having tragacanth and carrageenan in their formulations, respectively. Overall, acceptability of the samples 1, 7, 8 and 14 was the highest. Using mixed combinations of hydrocolloids in ice cream powder formulation offers higher viscosity, longer melting time and better organoleptic properties to the final product (ice cream) than single hydrocolloids.


The structure of a wireless device for gas pressure measurements based on RFID technology with small current consumption is proposed. Basic principles of RFID-technology operation are considered, the data transmission interface is chosen. The software for microcontroller PIC 12/16 for data reading from the pressure digital sensor and data transmission through the wireless interface is developed.


The Disability Discrimination Act (1995, amended 2005), Equality Act (2010), EU Disability Action Plan (2003 –2010), and EU Disability Strategy (2010–2020) were designed to make equal opportunities a "reality." As 16% of the EU population, is statutorily disabled there are considerable implications for beach management. Research examples of beach users include swimmers, anglers, etc. - but rarely people with learning disabilities (LD). This paper considered beach users with LD and their appreciation of three different coastal classifications in South Wales. Because of their disabilities, the research applied a participatory photo interpretation methodology (photovoice). A comparison of the LD ranking of beach issues was made with rankings provided by the general public at the same beaches. Results demonstrated some similarities between LD and general public coastal needs, but identified the need for specific considerations to be made by beach managers for LD users, including informed self-advocacy, use/application of signage, instructive access and a requirement for baseline information gathering. The research proposes an integrated coastal access model from which coastal management/gatekeepers can consider LD needs within coastal strategies. Finally, findings highlight the use of photovoice in coastal research projects and the need for innovative methodological considerations when researching certain groups.


This study aims to exploring factors provoking behaviors and opinion collected from experiencing social media, and this is quantitative survey collecting data by questionnaire. The targeted population is Bangkok residents with the age during 15-44 years old who have social media accounts and  log in to social media at least 4 days a week. The information for the study received from 400 people feedback on three stage sampling and calculating frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation to analyze the data; moreover, Chi-Square t-Test and One-Way ANOVA are deployed to prove significant hypothesis at 0.05.
The study reveals that three years is the most period of time that people in Bangkok area experience social media. Facebook is the most frequently used application and smart phone is the most preferred channel. People always turn on the social media application all the time. 6 pm. until 6 am. Is the most popular that people usually experience the social media. Additionally, we have found that the most preferred consumption period is between 1-3 hours per day. The reason that people consumes the social media is for chatting with their friends, and the powerful characteristic of the social media is that it has high impact to spread out news and social issues. Moreover, websites can lead the people's interest to use social media at the highest rate. Personal characteristic has no impact to resources or media to the people to use social media as the significant statistic value shows 0.05.
The survey on opinion of people in Bangkok area shows 6 aspects of social media consumption that are communication, expression of identity, period of consumption, impact to the society, entertainment and business. The overall aspect shows average value of 3.92. After considering one by one, the communication aspect shows the highest average value of 4.52, followed by entertainment showing 4.29 and period of consumption shows the least average value of 3.44. Furthermore, gender has no impact on expressing opinion resulting from experiencing the social media in 6 aspects, and personal characteristic has no impact on expressing opinion resulting from experiencing social media in terms of expressing identity. Additionally, personal characteristics such as age education level, occupation, marital status, and monthly income has impacts on expressing opinion resulting from experiencing 5 aspects of using social media as the significant statistic value shows as 0.05.


While the omniscient female Ariel controlled the magic world, another re-gendered character, Nathalie Armin's Antonia (who also doubled as Stefanie), was in the focus of the present of the colonial endeavor. Instead of Gonzalo (whose character was cut), it was she who imagined a future colony, which, given her cut-throat character, was not going to be a utopian paradise. At the end, she angrily stormed out, unreconciled with her brother. Having a Stephanie, instead of a Stephano, as his King turned Caliban's desire to serve into a relationship based on sexual frisson, a sense of fun, and a common attraction to the pleasures of the bottle. The comic sub-plot underlined the scattered nature of the legacies brought by migration. Trinculo sported clothes as diverse as a Turkish fez and a pair of Union Jack underpants; the garments which distracted the rebels were priestly vestments pulled out of Prospero's trunk cum classical tomb. His book remained a mystery, but it was carefully laid at the foundation of his children's happiness when Ferdinand kneeled on it during the wedding. Audience and characters were brought into a common space by the atmospheric lighting achieved through a motley array of ceiling and floor lamps, the musicians who performed offstage, and Ariel, who moved freely around. Towards the end, in a momentary act of imaginative visual tripling, the imposing space of St Giles, inside which the production created the ghosts of distant ruined temples, emerged itself as a theatrical ghost. The board on which Ferdinand and Miranda played at chess was a "topless tower" structure which turned out to be a stage model of the church itself. The Tempest had arrived back home.


With the availability of ever-increasing gene sequence data across a large number of species, reconstruction of phylogenetic trees to reveal the evolution relationship among those species becomes more and more important. In this paper, we present a novel proof of the NP-completeness of the large parsimony problem by reduction from a newly-proved NP-complete problem [3,17,18] to gain additional insight of this fundamental problem in computational biology. We then conduct experiments based upon our recent work [15] of a random tree optimization algorithm based on cross-entropy method [23] for the construction of the most parsimonious phylogenetic trees across 12 Drosophila genomes [21].


In solving real-world river water-quality problems, mathematical models at present are used very little at the decisional level. The reason for this is, in our opinion, the existence of unresolved difficulties associated with the collection of the data required for model calibration. Surprisingly, the literature does not contain a consistent description of criteria supporting the design of data gathering campaigns explicitly dedicated to model calibration. In particular little attention is paid to the role that dispersion plays in this context. It is known that plug flow models can be more easily calibrated than dispersion models when the data gathering campaign is suitably organized. But when can a plug flow model substitute a dispersion model? This paper derives a theoretically sound criterion to reply to this fundamental question.


an amphiphilic block copolymer, and the confined at the air–water interface by the Langmuir mixed solutions, corresponding to various proportions of SFAs and a polystyrene-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-PEO) diblock copolymer in chloroform, were spread at the sur- face of deionized water in a Langmuir trough; the spread films were then compressed. The PS-PEO copolymer used had a PS block of 40 monomers and a PEO block of 123 monomers. The hydrophobic PS blocks graft the copolymer to the air–water inter- face; the PEO blocks are adsorbed at the interface at a low number of grafts per unit area and stretched into the water subphase as the film is compressed, eventually resulting in a "brush" con-figuration. The films were transferred onto hydrophilic glass substrates by the Langmuir–Blodgett technique at desired polymer grafting densities. From the surface pressure versus area curves for the Langmuir films, the researchers observed that the presence of SFAs has a significant effect on the films: The maximum surface pressure obtained by compressing the film with PS-PEO grafting density. But all of the films' surface pressure versus area curves have a shape that resembles the of pure SFAs and will reach about the same limiting area value as the pure SFA film. Consequently, the will be


Exposed device ruling for differentiated adjustment of a YIG filter (1) magnetic field, wherein the YIG filter (1) comprises a plurality of YIG elements (2) by coupling loops (3) electromagnetically coupled, and a first magnetic field (B