Cuyuna ore ranges in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, drawing a wealth of information from contemporary accounts, many of them unpublished records maintained by local historical societies in Minnesota. Walker also tells a very readable story of the individuals involved in both the search for ore and its successful exploitation. Numerous old photographs of the men involved in this economic adventure, the plants they built, and the towns they founded accompany the narrative. Maps of three ore ranges are provided in the book and make the narrative much easier to follow. Walker's method is primarily descriptive, with his analysis implicit in his organization of the material. After quickly describing early Indian interest in copper and iron deposits of the region and efforts of explorers to find gold, he tells of the opening of the Vermilion range in the mid-1880s. His narrative focuses on Charlemagne Tower, a Pennsylvania industrialist who financed both early mining and railroad development. The bulk of Walker's story centers on the Mesabi range and the role played by the Merritt family in its commercial development. Walker gives an intriguing account of the legal battle between the Merritts and John D. Rockefeller, a battle that occurred after Rockefeller had taken over the Merritts' Mesabi ore interests. Walker concludes that Rockefeller entered the ore business somewhat reluctantly and that his involvement saved the Merritts from financial ruin during the depression after the Panic of 1893; that involvement also removed the Merritt family and the small entrepreneur from the Mesabi. The final chapters of Walker's book relate the development of the western Mesabi and Cuyuna ranges. The exploitation of the Cuyuna range,' which had been settled before ore was discovered, is contrasted with that of the Vermilion and Mesabi ranges, unsettled frontier land prior to the exploration for ore. Walker again emphasizes the activities of individuals responsible for the opening of the ore range to mining, principally Cuyler Adams and William White. Although Walker's book is primarily descriptive, his implicit theory of entrepreneurial behavior suggests that it was the small individual investor or group of investors, many of whom had obtained their venture capital from profits in the timber business, who took the big risks necessary for the commercial development of Minnesota's mineral wealth. The large steel producers and transportation magnates became interested and dominated the Vermilion and Mesabi ranges only after success seemed guaranteed. Walker also emphasizes the importance of transportation links from the mines to Lake Superior by describing the attempts of the early entrepreneurs to entice, control, or build lines connecting their mines to well established transportation routes. The implied importance of rail lines is further enhanced by an account of James J. Hill's interest in ore lands in the late 1890s. For the cliometrician, Walker's book offers no estimated regression models of industry development. The text provides an abundance of information, however, on topics such as sources of money capital for exploitation of ore resources, including the role of the small entrepreneur before widespread development of financial markets; the use of federal land policies to aid exploration of ore sites and building of railroad lines; the availability of labor for Minnesota's mining activities; and the relative impact of economic' depression on large and small business firms.


In this article we prove that multidimensional eective S-adic sys- tems, obtained by applying an eective sequence of substitutions chosen among a nite set of substitutions, are soc subshifts. Communicated by


This document was prepared by the OECD Secretariat to serve as a background note for Item 5 at the 130th Meeting of the Competition Committee on 27-28 November 2017. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. More documentation related to this discussion can be found at www.oecd.org/daf/competition/gun-jumping-and-suspensory-effects-of-mergernotifications.htm


This dissertation examined the nature of the learning which occurred as twelve middle-school children interacted with a dynamic computer-based environment, or microworld, for transformation geometry over a period of five weeks. The objectives were to build a fine-grained, qualitative model of the children's learning in the domain, and to use this model to refine the microworld through a process of iterative, principled design. The microworld instantiated three euclidean transformations (translation, rotation and reflection) as well as change of scale.
Three issues were addressed: the effectiveness of the microworld, qualitative changes in the children's knowledge, strategies, and goals, and the cognitive mechanisms implicated in these changes. The analysis of videotaped data as well as pencil-and-paper measures indicated significant changes in the students' knowledge of the transformations. Final exam performance was at a level of about 70% correct on a 24-item test. Qualitative changes in the students' knowledge included a shift from viewing the transformations as combinations of local changes (e.g., in heading and location) to considering them as whole-plane operations. An important area of strategy change was in learning how to make use of both the graphical and the symbolic representations of the transformations. Finally, in many cases, the students' goals evolved from simply satisfying the demands of the task to pursuing original investigations in the microworld.
The mechanism proposed as central to the children's learning was the construction and refinement of conceptual entities. The students constructed their initial mental models of the transformations based both on existing mathematical knowledge and on their early experiences in the microworld. As they used these entities in functional contexts, for example in playing games or solving problems, the children were able to discriminate more precisely the properties of the transformations. In a process referred to as "conceptual debugging," the students made use of feedback from the microworld to reconcile differences between their naive, prior conceptions of the transformations and their new observations and experiences. This process of debugging and refining conceptual entities provided a working knowledge of the transformations for all of the students in the study, and for some students, it also supported more mathematically-sophisticated explorations in the domain.


10535Background: Antifungal prophylaxis is recommended for intermediate and high-risk patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during periods of prolonged neutropenia such as induction therapy. However, increased vincristine toxicities among childhood leukemia patients have been reported with the co-administration of triazole antifungals. We examined the association between triazoles and vincristine-related toxicities among pediatric patients with ALL undergoing induction therapy. Methods: Using a retrospective cohort design, we reviewed the charts of all pediatric patients (0-18 years-old) treated for newly-diagnosed ALL at the North Carolina Children's Hospital from 2003 to 2013. Patients were classified according to whether or not they received a triazole antifungal during induction therapy. The presence of any vincristine-associated toxicity was the primary outcome. Using a log binomial model, the adjusted relative risk for vincristine-related toxicity associated with triazole exposure was det...


The article discusses the problem of training university teachers to implement distance-learning technologies in higher professional education. Distance learning technologies have great potential in improving the quality and accessibility of vocational education. The relevance of distance education technologies (DЕT) in Kazakhstan has gained particular importance in connection with the suspension of distance learning from January 1, 2019. The effectiveness of DЕT depends on the degree of implementation of regulatory support, infrastructure, software, digital educational content, but the main factor is the willingness of the faculty to use them. Teachers should know the essence and basic principles of the use of DЕT in higher education, modern platforms for the use of DЕT; вe able to create own online courses and other digital educational resources.


Preferred handedness in the supramolecular chirality of self-assembled achiral oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) (OPV) derivatives is induced by chiral solvents and spectroscopic probing provides insight into the mechanistic aspects of this chiral induction through chiral solvation.


Recent calculations made for magnetic material scatters have shown that the Mur absorbing boundary condition plays a significant role in the RCS (radar cross section) calculation accuracy, and that changing from a Mur condition that operates on electric field to one operating on magnetic field may improve the accuracy of the RCS results when the composition of the scattering object is changed. To illustrate this, scattering from a 20 cm radius lossy dielectric sphere and then from a sphere composed of the dual magnetic material is considered. By duality the far zone scattering cross sections for the two should be identical. In order for the FDTD (finite-difference-time-domain) results to be exactly dual. the Mur absorbing boundary must be changed from operating on the electric field to operating on the magnetic field. However, changing from electric to magnetic field Mur conditions causes the scattering results to differ by as much is 6 dB.<<ETX>>


Abstract The aim of presented work was to design the cotton woven fabrics which ensure thermal resistance higher than standard cotton fabrics of basic weaves. It was done in order to combine the excellent hygienic properties of cotton fibers with thermal insulation. Three variants of two-face cotton woven fabrics of different structure were designed and manufactured. Next, they were measured in the range of their basic structural, mechanical, and comfort-related properties. The results obtained were analyzed in the aspect of properties influencing the utility comfort of user wearing clothing made of the investigated fabrics.


The threat to the existence of human rights can come from two axes, namely threats from abroad and from within the country. In the records and records of the mass and electronic media, it is evident that what sustained efforts are carried out by a number of human beings to destroy or oppose the existence of human rights itself. In this regard, the ratification of the anti-torture convention carries total political consequences in the field of human rights. This is very interesting to study, especially from the standpoint of Indonesian legal politics, which so far has been judged by legal political observers to always reflect the character of orthodox / authoritarian law during the thirty-two-year new order government Keyword: Political Law


The invention discloses a softening color-protecting laundry detergent, and belongs to the technical field of daily chemicals. The laundry detergent is prepared from the raw materials in parts by weight: 12-18 parts of fatty alcohol polyethylene ether, 12-18 parts of ethoxylated sodium alkyl sulfate, 10-15 parts of polymer polycarboxylate, 15-20 parts of hydrogenated coconut potassium oleate, 1-2 parts of antibacterial mildew preventive, 1.5-2 parts of thickening agent, 0.2-0.3 part of essence and moderate of water. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing and stirring ionized water and fatty alcohol polyethylene ether in corresponding fraction at specified temperature, orderly adding ethoxylated sodium alkyl sulfate, the polymer polycarboxylate, the hydrogenated coconut potassium oleate and the antibacterial mildew preventive after the temperature is achieved, adding the essence and the thickening agent after the temperature is cooled. The water is completely used as the carrier, the cost is low and the security is high, the laundry detergent is non-toxic, non-irritating, strong in cleaning performance, fast in cleaning, cloth-protecting and color-protecting, and capable of well maintaining the shape of the cloth and prolonging the cloth service.


By combining different materials with piezoelectric thin plates, acoustic wave devices with novel characteristics have been realized. The bonding technique with high bonding strength enabled the precise polishing of piezoelectric substrates into ultra-thin plates. By bonding ultra-thin piezoelectric thin plates and different substrates, we have developed the following acoustic wave devices with various merits: (1) A high frequency 5.8 GHz A1 mode Lamb wave resonator and an ultrawide 0-th shear horizontal (SH0) mode plate wave devices using LiNbO3 (LN) thin plates. (2) A solidly mounted (SM) type SH surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator with an ultrawide and high impedance ratio using LN thin film, multi-layer films, and a glass substrate. (3) Hetero Acoustic Layer (HAL) SAW resonator combining a LiTaO3 (LT) thin plate and a quartz substrate, exhibiting zero temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF), high Q, and spurious-free characteristics. (4) various SM type bulk acoustic wave resonators (SM-BAWRs) with low TCF, wideband, or high-frequency using LT and LN. (5) SM-BAWR exciting an overtone frequency of 9.5 GHz, which is three times of the fundamental frequency, by combining LN, an average acoustic film reduced to 1/5 of its conventional thickness, and a support substrate.


MANY RESEARCHERS HAVE TRIED to isolate the components of reading comprehension. The results give only marginal support to the concept of separate components. In the present study, a developmental model of performance on reading comprehension tests is described in which variables have stronger or weaker effects depending on the skill level of the reader. This model has been used to identify the structural variables for predicting performance on seven standardized reading achievement tests. The structural variables accounted for about three-quarters of the variation in item p values for the norming samples and revealed different patterns of specific variables in predicting performance from one grade to another. Word recognition and syntactic control variables were more important predictors for younger children. At fourth grade and above, pupils had more difficulty in selecting the appropriate response from plausible alternatives. These results, though subject to limitations, are nonetheless useful in suggesting procedures for constructing more appropriate tests of comprehension.


This paper presents a method for detecting corner points on 3D space curves. It is an extension of a previous work of distance accumulation for detecting corner points on 2D planar curves.6•7 A quantitative measure is proposed to define the "cornerness" of a 3D curve at a curve point, which has the advantage of being more stable and causing much less shape distortion than the traditional smoothing methods. In particular, this measure is invariant to scale, an attractive property for corner detection. Strategies are presented for reliable maximum selection. Experimental results with simulated data shows that the robustness and accuracy of the cornerness method.

Keywords - Corner detection, curvature, distance accumulation, maxima selection, curve representation, 3D curves.


LDAP Server stores public keys,certificates and some salient information in PKI environment.Developers are focusing on LDAP server's own security problem than ever.This article discusses the mechanisms of enhancing security of LDAP server by Java language.These mechanisms can meet the security demands at complicated envi- ronment.


Reaction of the methylene diphosphonates [(RO)2P(O)]2CH2, where R = iPr or Et, with the metalating reagents NaH, nBuNa or the superbasic mixture tBuONa/nBuLi leads to monodeprotonation, and formation of the complexes [{(iPrO)2P(O)}2CHNa]4 (1) and [{(EtO)2P(O)}2CHNa]6 (2). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies revealed that 1 is tetrameric in the solid state, with a central Na4O4 cubane core. Each metal in 1 is rendered pentacoordinate by binding to three μ3-O phosphoryl bridges within the cubane, a chelating phosphoryl unit, and also a single iPrO group. In contrast, the structure of 2 is hexameric, and is composed of an unusual six-rung Na6O6 ladder core. Three distinct sodium environments as well as μ1-, μ2- and μ3-O phosphoryl units are present within the ladder framework. No Na−C interactions are present in either 1 or 2. All of the six-membered NaOPCPO chelate rings display localized P=O double bonds and partial multiple bonding on the P−C−P linkages (mean P−O: 1.49 A, and mean P−C: 1.69 A). Ab initio molecular orbital calculations (HF/6−31G*) on model complexes indicate that the hexameric arrangement found for 2 is thermodynamically more stable than the cubane structure of 1, in the absence of steric effects. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)


In a typical therapeutic regimen the drug dose and dosing interval are optimized to maintain drug concentration within the therapeutic window, thus ensuring efficacy while minimizing toxic effects. Controlled drug delivery systems offer spatial control over the drug release. Osmotic pumps are most promising systems for controlled drug delivery. Osmotic pump uses the basic principle of osmosis for release of drug(s). Osmotic pumps consist of an inner core containing drug and osmogens, coated with a semi permeable membrane. As the core absorbs water, it expands in volume, which pushes the drug solution out through the delivery ports. Osmotic pumps release drug at a rate that is independent of the pH and hydrodynamics of the dissolution medium. Various patents available for osmotic drug delivery system like Rose-Nelson pump, Higuchi-leeper pump, higuchi-theeuwes


In this paper, a novel method is presented to compute an explicit formula for the inverse of the confluent Vandermonde matrices. The proposed results may have many interesting perspectives in diverse areas of mathematics and natural sciences, notably on the situations where the Vandermonde matrices have acquired much usefulness. The method presented here is direct and straightforward, it gives explicit and compact formulas. Several examples are presented to highlight the results. The main tools are some elementary basic linear algebra.


Recently, LLC resonant converters have attracted significant research from industry and academia for AC-DC and DC-DC power conversion with high efficiency and remarkable power density. They are appealing candidates for numerous vehicular and renewable energy applications including battery chargers for electric vehicles and drivers of LED lights. This study introduces a mathematical model of LLC resonant half-bridge DC-DC converter, which captures its steady-state behaviours for both continuous conduction mode and discontinuous conduction mode operations. One major advantage of the proposed model lies in accurate estimation of the switching frequency of power switches under a wide range of parametric variations. This benefit is, however, not offered by the prevailing method based on the first harmonic approximation (FHA). The analytical derivations of the system's state-space model, as well as equations for calculating the switching frequency by FHA, are discussed in details. For illustration, a 340 W digitally controlled LLC resonant converter is targeted in this study. The simulation analyses of current and voltage waveforms for light and heavy load conditions are presented. Moreover, the experimental results, along with the comparison of switching frequency estimation for both methods, are demonstrated and discussed, which confirms the validity and effectiveness of the proposed model.


Parkinson's disease (PD) is a so-called movement disorders and is caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the nigro-striatais pathways. Most cases of parkinsonism is idiopathic and most often it affects people of advanced age. Its characteristic clinical signs are tremor at rest, muscular rigidity, bradykinesia and balance disorders. These changes are accompanied by the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions (Lewy bodies) with advancing age. Currently, the main treatments available for PD are pharmacotherapy with levodopa and deep brain stimulation. These therapies, however, or they cause multiple side effects and their effectiveness decreases with time (levodopa) or they have restrictions on the eligibility of patients due to their high degree of invasiveness (deep brain stimulation). This thesis project aims to study the electrical stimulation of the dorsal columns of the spinal cord (SCS) as therapy for the treatment of motor disorders in PD. The great advantage of SCS is its degree of minimum invasiveness compared with other techniques based on electrical stimulation of the nervous system. This methodology has been proposed for the symptomatic treatment of PD based on studies in rodents and clinical case reports. The idea of this preclinical study was to test the effectiveness of ECD using behavioral assessments in a model of parkinsonism in primates (Callithrix jacchus, the common marmoset). Additionally, simultaneous electrophysiological recordings from several brain structures involved in motor control, an achievement done for the first time in these primates, allowed to evaluate the neural mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of spinal cord stimulation.


2 to date. The city's population according to 2001 census is about 1.33 million. Water supply has always been inadequate in this city with the crisis growing along with the cities progress. Today's wa- ter requirement is 360 million gallons per day. The existing Thatipudi, Gossthani, Meghadrigadda and Mudasarlova can hardly meet 50 % of the need. Raiwada water scheme can add a little more, therefore the supply capacity needs to be augmented. The only viable solution is to transport water from Godhavari. Apart from the municipal supply the population also depends upon the ground water reservoirs.


Sixty-four Canadian educators from Southwestern Ontario took part in a 2-hr voluntary workshop about the emotional labor and consequences that may be experienced by educators. A focus on both burnout and teacher compassion fatigue (CF), an underresearched area with respect to Canadian educators, was taken. The current study hypothesized that this professional development would positively influence educators' knowledge, skills, and awareness regarding burnout, CF, and self-care; furthermore, it was predicted there would be a positive correlation between burnout and CF. Results supported the efficacy of professional development and partial support was detected for the relationship between burnout and CF. Implications and future research are discussed.


Abstract : The U.S. Army is in the process of making choices regarding how to efficiently provide a wide array of options to the U.S. President for dealing with current and future security concerns. A key issue related to this choice concerns the method used to establish and maintain a Security Force Assistance (or train, advise, and assist) capability in Army General Purpose Forces. The focus of this research is to answer the following question: Do modular Brigade Combat Teams (BCTs) and the supporting force structure have the capability to effectively cover the full spectrum of operations, specifically SFA missions, in both Phase IV (Stabilize) and Phase 0 (Shape) environments? The answer to the primary question indicates that a BCT, with augmentation, can be effective in conducting SFA missions in Phase IV (Stabilize) environments. However, unless the Army is willing to change its culture and adopt certain recommendations, significant challenges to effectively accomplishing SFA missions in Phase 0 (Shape) environments using the BCT approach are likely to be encountered.


The main purpose of this paper is to study weak solutions of time-fractional of porous medium equation with nonlocal pressure: \[ \partial^\alpha_t u=\operatorname{div}\left( |u|^{m}\nabla (-\Delta)^{-s} u\right) \,\, \text{in } \mathbb{R}^N\times (0,T) \,, \] with $m\geq 1$, $N\geq 2$, $\frac{1}{2}\leq s<1$, and $\alpha\in(0,1)$. We first prove an existence of weak solutions to the equation with initial data in $L^1(\mathbb{R}^N)\cap L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^N)$ (possibly mixed sign). After that, we establish the $L^q-L^\infty$ decay estimate of weak solutions: \[ \|u(t)\|_{L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^N)} \leq C t^{-\frac{\alpha}{q(1-\lambda_0)+ m}} \|u_0\|_{L^{q}(\mathbb{R}^N)}^{\frac{q(1-\lambda_0)}{q(1-\lambda_0) + m}} ,\quad \text{for } t\in(0,\infty), \] with $\lambda_0=\frac{N-2(1-s)}{N}$.


The decrease in specific activity of mouse pancreatic α-amylase occurring at parturition is associated with changes in the morphological fine structure of the acinar cells, as evidenced by a decrease


Aims and Objectives: Most athletes expect to return to their pre-injury sport without restrictions after a reconstruction of their torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACLR). Different indicators for a safe and successful return to sport have been identified. Very recent results revealed that indicators of absolute performance were superior to e.g. limb symmetry. Thus, the primary aim of this investigation was to compare neuromuscular performance of athletes returned to sport after ACLR with uninjured athletes. The secondary aim was to relate overall performance to symmetry in both groups. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four athletes (age: 24 (SD 5) years; 21 women; handball: 33, soccer: 25, volleyball: 15, ice hockey: 5, track and field: 3, judo: 2, swimming: 1) participated in this cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 17 patients after primary ACL reconstruction (ACLR, 5 women) eleven (6-23) months after return to sport clearance. Participants performed acyclic as well as cyclic neuromuscular tests on a SpeedCourt device (GlobalSpeed GmbH). Unilaterally performed squat jump (SJ) and drop jump (DJ) heights were measured as an indicator of lower extremity explosive or reactive strength under acyclic concentric or fast stretch-shortening muscle action conditions, respectively. The 15 s vertical foot tapping (FT) test was applied to measure cyclic lower extremity performance. The results of each test were converted into z-scores. Z-scores indicate how many standard deviations an individual's score is away from the mean. Accordingly, a z-score of zero equals the sample's mean. Athlete's z-scores were summed up, resulting in the performance score (PS) which indicates overall performance. The participants were ranked based on their PS. Further, for the unilaterally performed tests (SJ, DJ) limb symmetry indices (LSIs) were calculated by dividing the smaller by the larger value and multiplying by 100. LSIs were related to the PS separately for the whole sample as well as for the ACLR subgroup. Effect size is given as Cohen's d. Results: Uninjured athletes revealed higher values for the PS (t(82) = 3.5, p < 0.001; d > 0.9) and for the LSIs (t(82) > 5.1, p < 0.001; d > 1.4) as compared to ACLR athletes. For the subgroup of uninjured athletes, no significant relationship was found between the overall performance and the LSIs (SJ: r = -0.2, p = 0.15; DJ: r = -0.1, p = 0.43) as well as within both LSIs (r = 0.1, p = 0.41). In athletes after ACLR, in contrast, the LSIs between SJ and DJ showed a strong and significant association (r > 0.73, p < 0.001). Interestingly, neither the overall performance nor the LSIs could be related to the time after injury (0.17 < r < 0.37, p > 0.14). Conclusion: Based on the tests utilized in this study, the ACLR athletes underperformed the uninjured group. Independent from time since injury or surgery, function was not reestablished. Results of functional tests should be an integrative part of the return-to-sport decision process.


Unusual Sedimentation of a Galveston Bay Wetland at Pine Gully, Seabrook, Texas: Implications for Beach Renourishment. (August 2007) Wesley Richard Culver, B.S., Sul Ross State University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Christopher Mathewson Excess sedimentation began affecting the wetland dynamics of Pine Gully in Seabrook, Texas during the first quarter of 2004. This sedimentation was sudden and became a serious problem for the dynamics of the Pine Gully wetland because the fine, well sorted, quartz rich sediments began plugging the main channel of the previously tidally dominated wetland. Progressive sedimentation has produced overbank deposits in the marine grasses, contributing to the death of wetland grasses by sediment chocking. The main purpose of this study is to determine the new source and mechanism of sedimentation in Pine Gully, document changes from sedimentation, and determine a solution to prevent future sedimentation. Sedimentation in Pine Gully and coastal areas adjacent to Pine Gully has occurred in a region that has experienced subsidence and sea level rise. The sedimentation in Pine Gully is a direct result of new and sustained sediment at the mouth of Pine Gully. These new sediments are transported into Pine Gully by displacement waves from ships moving through the Houston Ship Channel. Beach renourishment at Wright Beach, located a half mile north of Pine Gully, occurred as Pine Gully experienced sedimentation. Construction of a breakwater at the mouth of Pine Gully and


The fabrication of atomically smooth metal films on supporting oxides is a quite demanding task, since most physical vapor deposition methods used on metals do not work properly on oxide substrates. Here, we report an alternative procedure, based on performing laser polishing of a fused silica substrate before depositing the metallic thin film. This reduces the RMS surface roughness of fused silica by ca. 33%, and increases the maximum grain size of the metallic film from 200 nm to 1200 nm. The method has been applied to a fused silica parabolic lens, which has been coated with a graphene-terminated Ru thin film. The reduction of surface roughness caused by laser polishing leads to the formation of ultrasmooth Ru thin films. Crystallinity and subnanometer roughness of the metal coating are demonstrated by the observation of He diffraction from a macroscopically curved surface.


This paper presents a new methodology for integrating renewable energy sources such as solar with chemical process utility demand. In chemical plant operations, the demand for utilities, as well as available process heat loads, are sometimes seasonal or multi-period in nature. Also, the availability of renewable energy such as solar, is time of day dependent as well as seasonal, i.e. time of year dependent. Therefore, in order to fully harness the economic and environmental benefits associated with the use of solar thermal energy, an approach which systematically integrates solar thermal radiation with process heat demand and other sources of utilities in chemical plants, while considering the multi-period profile of both the utility sources and the process streams need to be developed. The approach adopted in this paper, entails the use of the multi-period version of the stage-wise superstructure with an objective function involving a simultaneous minimisation of the annualised investment costs and annual operating cost of the network. The utility sources considered include solar and fossil fuel. The fossil fuel is included as a back-up depending on how much of the process heat demand is satisfied by solar energy. For the solar energy source, concentrated solar thermal collector is considered for both direct and indirect Heat Integration including thermal energy storage. In the example considered, a reasonable amount of cost savings was obtained when compared to the case without solar thermal integration.


The socio-economic inferiority of the Arab minority compared to the Jewish majority and the unequal distribution of resources between Jewish and Arab towns in Israel are well known facts. However, so far there has been no evidence establishing whether unequal resource allocation also occurs within mixed Jewish-Arab cities. Based on high-resolution sociodemographic and infrastructure data, this paper examines the access that populations of differing socio-economic levels and ethnic identity have to green spaces in the mixed Jewish-Arab cities of Ramla and Lod. Results show that the Arab minority in these cities has much less access to green spaces than the Jewish majority. The findings produced in this study can serve as a basis for public debates concerning injustice in the distribution of urban services and help urban planners achieve a more balanced and fair allocation. It can also serve as a powerful tool for empowering minorities, social organisations and NGOs and motivating them to act against spatial inequality and social discrimination. Copyright (c) 2005 by the Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG.


Liver biopsy is an important step in the evaluation of the dog and cat with hepatic disease and is required for histopathologic diagnosis to direct therapy and to provide an accurate prognosis. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver biopsy has gained popularity because it is minimally invasive with a low complication rate.1-3 Ultrasound guidance is important for determining optimal biopsy location and avoiding large vascular structures and the biliary system. Ultrasound is also important for the evaluation of hemorrhage post-biopsy.3


The primary approach to realizing long-term runoff prediction involves
combining a hydrological model with general circulation model. Previous
studies on the Source area of the Yellow River were all based on the
Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) data sets with
defects in physical mechanisms. In this paper, the Beijing Climate
Center Climate System Model (BCC-CSM2-MR) of CMIP6, which proved to
perform well in arid and semi-arid regions, will be used to drive the
Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and evaluate its
applicability in runoff simulation at Tang Nahai Hydrological Station
from 2011 to 2019. The occurrence of the extreme value of runoff, its
change trend, and the year of abrupt change of runoff in the four Shared
Socio-economic Pathway (SSP) scenarios (SSP1-2.6, 2-4.5, 3-7.0, and
5-8.5) during 2021-2100 were analyzed. The results show that: (1) the
runoff simulation evaluation index of SWAT driven by BCC-CSM2-MR in the
research area from 2011 to 2019 is excellent, and the runoff simulation
in the future is reliable and effective. (2) only the average annual
runoff in scenario 5-8.5 (708.5m /s) from 2021 to 2100 was significantly
higher than that in 2011-2019. Other scenarios are close to or less than
the annual runoff observed. Most importantly, the maximum and minimum
annual runoff values under the four scenarios all occurred during
2060-2080, so the attribution analysis of runoff extremum during
2060-2080 is worth further study. (3) it is necessary to evaluate
whether the existing reservoirs and hydropower stations in the Yellow
River basin can reasonably regulate and utilize the annual runoff under
scenario 5-8.5.


In all health systems, providers must be paid for their services. That payment can come from two sources: directly from the individual patient, or from an organization paying on behalf of the patient or some mix of the two. This note focuses on the second type of payer, which author describe as a 'strategic purchaser' of health services, to distinguish it from the patient as a purchaser. Strategic purchasing is a cornerstone of the health system. Implementation of system reforms will therefore usually be futile if weaknesses in the accountability of strategic purchasers are not addressed. This note has suggested that it may be feasible to develop a framework for assessing the quality of accountability arrangements, and for identifying where improvements can be secured.


Information Skills for Learning: Part II ('Empowering Eight') international workshop was hosted by the Department of Library and Information Services, Punjabi University, Patiala, India on October 3 to 7, 2005. The main objectives of the workshop were to help teachers improve the understanding, develop strategies in educational institutions for incorporating information literacy skills, re-negotiating the position of teacher librarians as equal academic partners with teachers.


Improving software processes is complex which prevents organizations decide to start it. Different models propose to perform a diagnostic log that includes the assessment of organization in order to identify the status of processes. However, it is important to assess the state of the organization fully and conditions to start improving, these elements represent a starting point that will determine the outcome. The main objective of the research is to develop a model to assess the software development organizations to initiate process improvement, considering the experiences of organizations and expert knowledge to help reduce the negative impact of critical success factors. As the model incorporates original elements "what" rating from identifying critical success factors and associated variables, and "how " to evaluate the use of indicators and metrics. Results validating the model using case studies are shown and validate the implementation of the model helps to reduce the negative impact of critical success factors in process improvement program, obtaining a high customer satisfaction.


*corresponding author Abstract. Pan and Wang presented a generalized preconditioned Hermitian and skew-Hermitian splitting (GPHSS) method (J. Numer. Methods Comput. Appl., 32., 174-182, 2011) for saddle point problems. The method is improved to solve saddle point systems whose (1,1) block is a symmetric positive definite M-matrix with a new choice of the preconditioner and compared with other preconditioners. The results show that the new preconditioner outperforms the previous ones.


The article considers the inverse problem on determination of the inhomogeneity laws of an elastic coating of an absolutely rigid cylinder located in a plane waveguide, one boundary of which is absolutely hard and the other is acoustically soft. It is believed that the waveguide filled by ideal fluid. The harmonic sound pressure wave excited by a given distribution sources on the section of the waveguide located on the final distance from the axis of the cylinder is propagated along the walls of the waveguide on normal to the surface of the cylindrical body. The inhomogeneity parameters for providing minimum sound reflection are determined. The solution of the inverse problem is obtained based on the solution of the direct problem diffraction. Dependences of the density and elastic moduli of the coating material from the radial coordinate are approximated by polynomials of the third degrees. Functionals defined on the class of cubic functions and expressing the average intensity of sound scattering in a given section of the waveguide at a fixed frequency or at some frequency range are built. The minimization of the functionals is done with using the genetic algorithm. Analytical description of the optimal inhomogeneity laws of an cylinder coating are received to ensure minimal sound reflection.


Study Objectives. To determine clinical and microbiologic plus clinical success rates in critically ill trauma patients who received treatment for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP). Design. Retrospective medical record review.


Several pyrene based fluorescent probes undergo lysine assisted monomer to excimer conversion in a ratiometric manner. Intracellular lysine is detected using fluorescence microscopy.


By FRAP, TEAC and ORAC assays, the total antioxidant capacity of five flavonol glycosides compounds, isolated from the flower of S. grosvenorri, was evaluated in term of μmol/g Trolox equivalent (μmol TE/g). And the structure-activity relationship of flavonol glycosides compounds was investigated according to the results. The results showed that, SF1-6-3 and SF-3 had significant antioxidant activity among the five flavonoids. Based on the correlation between the structure and activity,7-hydroxyl and 3-hydroxyl groups at the aglycone were found to be well related to the activity. Methylation of 7-hydroxy group or glycosylation of 3-hydroxy group will decrease its activity.


published in "Urology" / Contribution to the RSNA 2003 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Authors: Andrea Klauser MD Florian Koppelstaetter MD Wolfgang Horninger MD Andreas Berger MD Andreas Lorenz MD Andreas Pesavento MD Ferdinand Frauscher MD -----------------------------------------------------------------------------


Purpose: To evaluate real-life outcomes of XEN45 stent surgery including bleb needling (BN) and surgical bleb revision (SBR). Methods: Retrospective analysis of all XEN45 gel stents implanted in a tertiary glaucoma center with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. The main outcomes were intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of glaucoma medications, postoperative maneuvers like BN, and subsequent SBR. Success was defined as IOP ⩽ 18 and 20% reduction (criterion A), ⩽15 and 25% reduction (criterion B), and ⩽12 mmHg and 30% reduction (criterion C) reached with (qualified) or without (complete) medications at the last visit. Complete failure was defined as additional glaucoma surgery, loss of light perception, or sight-threatening complications. Multivariable Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival estimates tests were performed. Results: Fifty-eight eyes with either stand-alone or combined Phaco-XEN surgery were included. Complete success by the different definitions was 50.0% (95% confidence interval, 5.8%–84.5%) (A), 50.0% (5.8%–84.5%) (B), and 25% (0.9%–66.5%) (C) whereas qualified success was 38.3% (1.6%–80.1%), 31.7% (2.0%–71.4%), and 0%, respectively, at the 24-months visit. 30% of cases underwent BN with 5-Fluorouracil, and SBR was performed in 17.5% of eyes. Low IOP levels at 1-month and early BN were significantly associated with success. The highest chance of failure was achieved in the combined Phaco-XEN group undergoing SBR. Conclusions: In our real-life setting, the first month IOP was associated with greater success rates. Although BN obtained improved IOP values, SBR was associated with a greater bleb survival in the stand-alone XEN group. Both BN and SBR had poor outcomes in the combined Phaco-XEN group.


New technologies are continuously being developed that can aid us in archaeological research. The purpose of this project is to revisit an area containing Late Iron Age (LIA) Stone Walled Structures (SWS) that have received sporadic archaeological research over time, and employ new techniques and technologies to test/re-evaluate previous findings. This involves developing new mapping techniques, which involve the use of Geographical Positioning Systems (GPS), which allowed for a wide survey/mapping exercise in a time effective and budget conscious manner. From these data, a new typology was created in order to reflect new types as well as further segregate exiting types. The resulting data was analysed in a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment, allowing us to tackle issues such as spatial distribution and landscape patterns in a digital environment. This analysis allowed us to re-evaluate the original spatial distribution, looking at possible reasons for the inaccuracies in the original study. We then explore the implications of these new data. We tested the results of these analyses based on proposed scenarios for the location of these sites, in order to try better understand the positioning, as we as identify possible diagnostic sites that can undergo further examination.


There are different kinds of correlations between sEMG and muscle activities, which can represent the activities of neuromuscular in a certain extent. sEMG is a feeble, complex, non-stationary signal, which is susceptible to external interference. According to these characteristics, sEMG mathematics models of two hand movements (letter 'C' in ASL and CSL (ASLC), and extension of index finger (EXIF)) are established in this paper, which are used for identification and classification of motion patterns. This method can verify the models' ability to characterize different motions. According to the shortcoming of traditional BP neural network algorithm which is easily trapped into local minimum, an improved one based on existing BP algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm is proposed in this paper. The experimental results indicate that the novel one has better recognition capability comparing with traditional BP algorithm.


Abstract In the work presented in this paper the conceptual design and actuation of one new exoskeleton of the upper limb is presented. The device is designed for application where both motion tracking and force feedback are required, such as human interaction with virtual environment or rehabilitation tasks. The choice is presented of mechanical structure kinematical equivalent to the structure of the human arm. An actuation system is selected based on braided pneumatic muscle actuators. Antagonistic drive system for each joint is shown, using pulley and cable transmissions. Force/displacement diagrams are presented of two antagonistic acting muscles. Kinematics and dynamic estimations are performed of the system exoskeleton and upper limb. Selected parameters ensure in the antagonistic scheme joint torque regulation and human arm range of motion.


Utilizing hydrogen energy produced by water electrolysis is conducive to carbon neutrality from a technological point of view. However, this perspective is restrained by the high electricity cost in commercial development. Powering electrochemical reactions by renewable electricity converted from distributed mechanical energy can lead to commercial electric energy saving and cost reduction. In this work, a self‐powered electrochemical system (SPECS) is proposed for the conversion from blue energy of ocean waves to green energy via hydrogen fuel. This system consists of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) devices and an electrolyzer, where the TENG devices serve as ocean wave energy harvesters for electricity generation, while the seawater‐containing electrolyzer is employed for hydrogen generation. After power management on the output of the TENGs and electrochemical reaction optimization, the system can generate hydrogen at a rate of 814.8 µL m‐2 d‐1 and a Faraday efficiency of 69.1% under ideal operation conditions, demonstrating the practical potential of the constructed system toward carbon neutralization.


The topic for analysis is the capacity of the production line in PT. TIGARAKSA SATRIA, TBK. where an increase in production capacity is necessary to meet customer demand. First the researchers studied background literature, and then determined the topics to be discussed. Furthermore, they identified and formulated the problem in detail. The researchers then conducted field observations to collect data and processed the data using capacity measurement theory, and linear programming. They then analyzed the results and determine useful conclusions and suggestions for the company. The results of the data processing, gave a total installed production capacity and the remaining available capacity. It was suggested to the company that not too much should be spent producing products of high variation due to wasted setup time. In addition, companies are advised to have a generator set with the aim of reducing the time wasted due to electricity blackouts.


Morphological and genetic variations among four local samples (from the Seto Inland Sea, Tokyo Bay, Tosa Bay and Kagoshima Bay) of genko sole, Cynoglossus interruptus, were examined. Morphologically, significant differences were detected among the samples in many characters. Also, differences were recognized among the samples in proportions of individuals which lack the cephalodorsal line, and the coloration of the ocular and blind sides. Results of the Principal component analysis, which compares the morphological characters analytically, showed that the examined individuals are generally separated into two groups, viz. a group comprised those from the Seto and Tosa samples and another one comprised those from the Tokyo and Kagoshima samples. Isozymes detected by electrophoresis were used as the genetic markers, and unique allelic compositions by sample were observed at the ACP*, CK*, FBALD-2*, IDDH*, MEP-1* and SOD-1* loci, indicating independency of the samples. The genetic distances (D values) between the samples, calculated from isozymic allele frequencies, were 0.0073–0.0081 (average 0.0077), may being figures greater than the inter-populational level. The results given by the present study showed that the examined four Cynoglossus interruptus samples considerably diverged from one another, inferring presence of some regional populations in C. interruptus, which have morphologically and genetically diverged from one another.


such a thing. The answer he gave me-and with this answer I iwill complete my short Iecture-was as follows : &dquo;You know, Sir, if you had been married to that woman, you would have thought of it day and night, and night and day, and every hour of the night and day you would have dreamt about it, and you would have desired to kill her, but your inhibitions would have prevented you from doing it. I did it.&dquo;


Few would argue that one of the key success stories of the modern era of molecular targeted therapy for cancer has been the demonstration that an antiangiogenic approach confers therapeutic benefit in several adult malignancies. If one had been asked 5 years ago to predict the tumors in which this would be most likely tobeseen,thereisnodoubtthatepithelialovariancancerwouldbe very high on most lists. The reason relates to the biology of the disease. Angiogenesis, which is controlled by a range of proangiogenic factors, particularly including those in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of proteins, plays a central role in the physiological function of the healthy ovary. It could therefore be anticipated that the abnormal angiogenesis that characterizes malignancy would be especially relevant in this disease. 1 Preclinical studies with appropriate models have indeed indicated the potential for an anti-VEGF strategy in preventing tumor progression and reducing the formation of malignant effusions. 2 In addition, numerous studies indicate a direct correlation between angiogenic factors and disease extent and progression. 3 It is, therefore,nosurprisetoreadintworeportsinthisissueoftheJournalof Clinical Oncology 4,5 that bevacizumab, the humanized anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, does indeed possess significant single-agent activity in patients with relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer. It is instructive to compare these data with clinical experience in other tumors. Bevacizumab possesses minimal single-agent activity in morecommonepithelialcancerssuchascolorectal,non‐small-cell


Objective To compare the correlation of results of HBV DN A by florescence PCR and HBsAg titer,and to discuss the application of detecting HBV DNA by fluorescent quantitative PCR.Methods The serum samples from ~1?025 HBsAg positive persons applying for service work were tested by FQ-PCR kits and compared with ELISA results and HBsAg titer test.Results The results of FQ-PCR comparing with ELISA were accord with the general rule.The results of FQ-PCR comparing with HBsAg titer t est had no significantly relationship.Conclusion The quantification of HBV DNA can be a referen ce for anti-virus therapy and evaluation of infectivity.Instead of the HBsAg ti ter test,workers of food production and sell with HBsAg positive would be better tested on HBV DNA for the application of health certification.


This paper designs and applies a detective system for detecting broken steel wire ropes.It is composed of an MSC430F167 minimum system,a rotary encoder,an inductive coil and amplifier,a 240×128 lattice liquid-crystal display,a 3×6 keyboard array,an RS232 serial interface circuit,and USB interfaces.It detects and displays the position and number of broken steel wire in service at the operating speed of 0.3~3 m/s,and then,its memory can store the sampling data of a 10 km-long wire rope.Experimental results show that the detected repetition rate of broken positions can reach 90% or more.


The essential point of Bohr–Mottelson theory is to assume an irrotational flow. As was already suggested by Marumori and Watanabe, the internal rotational motion, i.e., the vortex motion, however, may exist also in nuclei. So, we must take the vortex motion into consideration. In classical fluid dynamics, there are various ways to treat the internal rotational velocity. The Clebsch representation, v(x) = −∇ϕ(x) + λ(x)∇ψ(x)(ϕ; velocity potential,λandψ:Clebsch parameters) is very powerful and allows for the derivation of the equations of fluid motion from a Lagrangian. Making the best use of this advantage, Kronig–Thellung, Ziman and Ito obtained a Hamiltonian including the internal rotational motion, the vortex motion, through the term λ(x)∇ψ(x). Going to quantum fluid dynamics, Ziman and Thellung finally derived the roton spectrum of liquid Helium II postulated by Landau. Is it possible to follow a similar procedure in the description of the collective vortex motion in nuclei? The description of such a collective motion has not been considered in the context of the Bohr–Mottelson model (BMM) for a long time. In this paper, we will investigate the possibility of describing the vortex motion in nuclei on the basis of the theories of Ziman and Ito together with Marumori's work.


Numerous bridges have to be lifted to meet increased navigation capacity. However, no relevant technical standard for the jack-up technique is yet available. This paper presents a study on the integral lifting of simply supported girder bridge which implements the finite element method. Finite element analysis provides a reliable basis in controlling construction. Research shows that stress concentration is evident near support points in the lifting process. Thus, stress monitoring is necessary. These points should be near to the bridge web. Moreover, beam span and section rigidity should also be considered when jacking up a bridge. The value of allowable error in the jacking-up process decreases with increasing beam span or decreasing section stiffness. Therefore, jacking up a bridge will be safer when section rigidity is large enough and beam span is not extremely long. This paper offers tremendous reference value with regard to engineering projects.


D escrib ing the jo b m arke t as a " percentage game," R obert Stanelle, manager o f re c ru itm e n t and co llege re la tions fo r Dresser Atlas, a d iv is io n o f Dresser Indus tr ies o f H ouston, le c tu re d last n ig h t in N ie u w la n d on " H o w to m arket y o u rs e lf fo r a jo b in a tig h t econom y o r h o w to get the jo b w hen no one rea lly w ants yo u ." Stanelle gave the p re d o m in a n tly fem ale g ro u p some tip s on p repa ring a resume, w r it in g the c o ve r le tte r, and g e tting ready fo r the in te rv ie w at the lec tu re , w h ic h was sponsored by the N o tre Dame P lacem ent Bureau. He to ld the g ro u p tha t the fu tu re o f the jo b m arke t is unclear, b u t w i l l m ost lik e ly rep o n d to the c y c lic a l changes in the econom y. The graduate w h o has dec id e d to e n te r the jo b m arket m ust firs t rank the type o f jo b he is lo o k in g fo r against the am ount o f m oney paid, the loca tion o f the job . and o th e r personal factors be fo re e n te r in g the m arket. W h ile the best paying jobs tend to be in the b ig c ities, Stanelle said that it is b e tte r to choose a jo b in the area in w h ic h he desires to live, ra the r than take a p a rtic u la r jo b in a c ity in w h ic h he does no t w ish to settle. Stanelle advised p o te n tia l jo b  seekers to m ove to th e ir des ired area fo r at least th ree m onths, and take a n y jo b in o rd e r to c o n tin u e paying the rent, w h ile c o n tin u in g to lo o k fo r the desired job. " It is n o t as fr ig h te n in g to go in to a jo b in te rv ie w w hen you kn o w w h e re y o u r next meal is co m ing fro m ," Stanelle added. A fte r d e te rm in in g i f the p o s itio n desired is achievable, the hopefu l graduate m ust go o u t " k n o ck in g on doors '. The m ore jobs fo r w h ic h one applies, the b e tte r is the percentage o f fin d in g one Stanelle to ld s tudents tha t the re was no d iffe rence be  tw een s ta rting w ith a large com pany as opposed to a sm alle r one, aside o f the fact tha t the large com pan ies en  courage specia liza tion, w h ile sm a ll e r com pan ies o ffe r m ore genera l positions.


This paper overviews water sculpted Martian landscapes, ancient through to possibly present day, which have become more pronounced through each new orbiting, landing, and roving mission. Geomorphological evidence of ancient aqueous activity associated with lakes and putative oceans includes a diversity of features. Features include sedimentary sequences, debris flows, fluvial valleys, alluvial fans, giant polygons, and glacial and periglacial landscapes. Arguably one of the most significant geomorphological indicators of a paleoocean is deltaic landforms identified along a topographic zonal boundary which correlates with reported putative shorelines. Other evidence includes distinct geochemical/mineralogical/elemental signatures of aqueous weathering. In addition, relatively high-resolution imaging cameras onboard the Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Odyssey, and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter have detailed features which indicate recent and possibly present-day aqueous activity such as slope streaks, slope linea, gullies which occur along faults and fractures and source from geologic contacts and tectonic structures, and possible open-system pingos, among other feature types. Ancient, recent, and possibly present-day features point to both surface and subsurface aqueous environments throughout time, and thus making Mars a prime target to address the everimportant question of whether life exists beyond the Earth.


Drama has been the most primitive and popular form of entertainment all around the world. The genre has always been considered as a field of male domination since the beginning of its origin. Till the sixteenth century, no women dramatist could be traced in the history of world literature. Reasons of women staying away from this fabulous genre of literature have been varying from culture to culture but the most common reason is the women's succumbing to age old male dominance. However, with the femisnist discourse all over the globe in the 1970's gave an impetus to women entering into fields considerably dominated by men and drama has not been an exception. The advent of women dramatists in world literature in general and Indian literature in particular has been very refreshing and enriching for the growth, evolution and development of the genre.


The origin of high corrosion resistance of amorphous palladium-phosphorus alloys containing iridium or rhodium during anodic polarization for chlorine evolution in a hot concentrated NaCI solution was investigated by comparing with the corresponding crystalline alloys. The amorphous alloys steadily evolved chlorine gas without dissolution, whereas the crystalline alloys consisting multiple phases suffered vigorous dissolution because of selective attack of palladiumrich phases. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance of amorphous alloys is higher than that of crystalline single phase alloys, since the concentration of passivating species such as iridium or rhodium ion in the surface film formed on the amorphous alloys during the electrolysis was higher than that on the crystalline alloys, as well as the crystalline defect-free structure of the amorphous alloys.


Nigeria has had over ten years of using the global system of mobile communications (GSM). The user experience in terms of service provisioning has ranged from good to bad and bad to good. The number of providers has varied slightly but the services are the same i.e. voice, text and data. The increasing number of users requesting mobile communication led to a decline in the quality of service provided. There were several complaints by users and the government regulatory agency. The quality of service problem persisted even in the face of sanctions and penalties. In this work, the aim is to determine the quality of service provided and evaluate available data for quality of service problems using key performance indicators such as call setup, drop rate and traffic congestion. Log files from a telecommunication provider were analysed using statistical functions. The results indicated that quality of service problems exist when initiating a call from one party to another. Keywords-Quality of Service, mobile communication, validation, Nigeria, key performance indicators


On January 20, 2020, the first COVID-19 case in Korea was confirmed The Korean government handled the situation by early identification and quarantine along with transparent disclosure of information, while announcing a National Guideline to practice aggressive prevention policies Consequently, the government changed its social distancing policy into a casual-distancing-in-daily-lives policy However, on the very day when the new policy started, a new male patient who had visited a club in Itaewon, Seoul, was confirmed to be the start of a club infection This incident gave rise to three possible problems for Korea Firstly, asymptomatic infection, which means a patient can spread the virus having only slight or no symptoms at all, can increase Secondly, the fourth infection occurred due to local transmission by confirmed cases related to the club infection Thirdly, the change in awareness among the 20s and 30s age groups is required to minimize the COVID-19 situation As there is no established cure for COVID-19, both the government and the public should exert care


Precise leveling is an important part of engineering construction project. With the increasing requirements of engineering construction projects, the demand for smart leveling is also increasing, but in the actual survey operation, there are many shortcomings in precision leveling, which has a certain impact on engineering project construction and scientific research. Through the comparative analysis of one-way leveling and two-way round-trip leveling, it is found that there is still uncertainty in the replacement of two-way round-trip leveling by one-way leveling.


The editors and staff of the Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine ( JABFM ) thank our peer reviewers for their time, expertise, and dedication to the JABFM . Our peer-reviewing colleagues serve a vital role in building the evidence base of primary care. In 2011, 433 individuals provided


In support of the light water reactor pressure vessel (LWR-PV) surveillance dosimetry program established by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the National Bureau of Standards is undertaking a series of measurements to provide a physical basis for neutron dosimetry standards. Reaction rate measurements have been made with both 252 Cf and 235U fission neutron fields. The following reactions have been measured through an activation technique: 115In(n,n') 58Ni(n,p) and 54Fe(n,p). The neutron emission rate of the 252Cf source has been measured with the MnSO4 bath technique, thus permitting a direct measure of the spectrum averaged integral cross section for Cf. The source strength of the 235U fission neutron field has been measured relative to the 252Cf neutron field using the 115In(n,n') reaction. All measurement of cross sections in the 235U fission field are therefore relative measurements.


Field screening of different sugarcane genotypes against early shoot borer (Chilo infuscatellus Snellen) at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Anakapalle during 2008–2010 revealed that the genotypes viz., Co 0110 (8.5%), 98 A 165 (9.9%), Co 6806 (9.6%) and 98 A 125 (8.0%) recorded less than 15 per cent dead hearts and were graded as least susceptible while the genotypes 97 A 85 (22.5%), 2000 A 105 (24.3%), 99 A 5 (24.2%) and C0 62175 (26.3%) recorded 15 to 30 per cent and were graded as moderately susceptible genotypes (MS). The genotypes 93A 11 (31.9%), 99 A 33 (37.5%), 94 A 124 (35.0%) and Co M 9902 (41.8%) recorded more than 30 per cent and were graded as highly susceptible (HS) whereas, the susceptible check, 93 A 145 had recorded 39.2 per cent incidence (DH)of early shoot borer (ESB) at 60 days after planting. Studies on influence of morphological parameters of different genotypes such as leaf sheath thickness, shoot girth, number of leaves, leaf length, breadth of leaf on ESB incidence revealed that the incidence was highly influenced by leaf sheath thickness and shoot girth. Leaf sheath thickness had negative correlation (r=-0.89) whereas shoot girth had positive correlation (r = 0.94) with ESB infestation in different sugarcane genotypes. Among the morphological parameters, leaf inclination showed positive correlation (r =0.8) with ovipositional preference of ESB moth on different genotypes. The moths preferred deep green foliage as well as bent and drooping leaves for egg laying and preferred to lay eggs on the lower surface of leaves.


Based on an extensive dataset (906 samples, 4175 bats captured, including 1604 recaptures of 657 individuals) obtained during two periods (1968–1984 and 1999–2009) in a model study area (South Bohemia, the Czech Republic) basic information on roosting ecology, population structure, seasonal dynamics and some aspects of reproduction of the Daubenton's bat (Myotis daubentonii Kuhl, 1817) was summarized. Bats roosted in an old lime kiln and tree cavities. The majority of the roosts were located a few tens up to a few hundred meters from the nearest water body and the majority were within 50 m of the edge of forest, a clearing or linear structures. Overall sex ratio of the adults was skewed toward females (mean sex ratio 3 males: 10 females) but did not deviate from 1:1 in juveniles. Seasonal dynamics of the numbers of bats differed between the two types of roosts. It was bimodal in the lime kiln and unimodal in natural roosts. In the lime kiln the maximum numbers of bats were recorded during pregnancy and post-lactation. In tree cavities, the largest aggregations occurred mostly during lactation and post-lactation. Considerable seasonal variation in the presence and numbers of different roosting aggregations was recorded. Recapture rate was generally high (33.4%) but varied both in the different roosts and research periods. The frequency of recaptures indicate a higher fidelity of bats for the lime kiln than tree cavities. Majority of recorded movements took place over distances of a few hundred meters. The data on the distances moved based on recaptures of ringed individuals were consistent with the results of a radio-tracking study conducted in the same study area. Many more movements took place between the lime kiln and tree cavities than among tree cavities, however, results may be biased, to some extent, by uneven sampling effort. These observations support the concept of the existence of discrete subpopulation units, i.e. the fission-fusion model of social organisation, reported for some other forest bats. Roughly one-third of the females reproduced in the year following their birth. Overall spatial organization of the population studied was quite unusual in the existence of a "central" roost with stable occupancy.


The paper discusses the idea that an institutionalized and effective board induction and training process could maximize the director's contribution and thus improve board effectiveness in banks, especially if training and induction are done in a board that respects good practices with regards to board independence, board diversity, presence of board committees, degree of directors' turnover, recommended by regulators and institutions. In the wake of the recent financial crisis, in fact, a growing "professionalisation" of directors may be considered as a tool to improve the board effectiveness in banks. Contrary to the relevance of the topic, the available literature is very poor. Using the qualitative research methods, the paper shows, first of all, the state of the art on board induction and training programs for directors in the 25 largest European banks and, then, the results of a survey about the opinions of an Italian panel on the topic. Findings confirm that induction and training programs for directors are a fundamental tool to improve the effectiveness of corporate governance. However there is a substantially limited dissemination of these practices in banks and, in those cases where these practices are used more extensively, it is possible to spot some areas of improvement compared to best practices. Overall, the most disappointing results, in terms of the dissemination of induction and training programs for directors, emerge from the interviews carried out on the Italian panel. Based on the results, some motivation and managerial implications are proposed.


This paper presents a procedure for modelling and simultaneous tuning of parameters of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) controller and Power System Stabiliser (PSS) in a power system to damp power system oscillations. First, a simple transfer function model of TCSC controller is developed and the parameters of TCSC and PSS are simultaneously optimised. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is employed for optimisation of the parameter-constrained non-linear optimisation problem. The results obtained from simulations are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The approach is effective for the tuning of multiple controllers in a power system so that they operate in a coordinated manner. Further, the simulation results show that the proposed TCSC controller is also effective in damping a range of small disturbance conditions in the power system. Further, the TCSC controller is found to be robust and ensures stability of the power system for different operating conditions.


According the stiffness of bearing plate,the deformation test of bearing plate method is divided into rigid bearing plate method and flexible bearing plate method.Adaptation range of the two tests are stipulated according to regulations.To complete and comparatively complete rock,the two tests may be adapted.It is controversial which kind of test method is adapted in testing complete and comparatively complete rock masses.The article does research in theory model,in-situ experiment and numerical simulation.The research results show that the flexible bearing plate method is suitable to test the deformation of complete and stiff rock mass.


Ranunculus belongs to an original and important plant in the taxonomy and the study on Ranunculus has significant purports for the origin and evolution on angiosperm.The studies from the aspects of the brief history,morphologic,cytology and molecular systematic of Ranunculus have been made and the existing problems and the research direction in the future have been stated briefly.


7055 aluminum alloy reinforced with 15wt. % TiB2 particulates was synthesized by in situ method, the microstructure and tensile properties were investigated. There are a few particulate clusters in the matrix. The elastic modulus and hardness of the composite are higher than that of the matrix alloy, but the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength decrease. The decrease of strength is attributed to the presence of TiB2 particulate cluster and residual reaction slag.


Electrospray deposition (ESD) uses strong electric fields to produce generations of monodisperse droplets from solutions and dispersions that are driven toward grounded substrates. When soft materials are delivered, the behavior of the growing film depends on the film's ability to dissipate charge, which is strongly tied to its mobility for dielectric materials. Accordingly, there exist three regimes of electrospray: electrowetting, charged melt, and self-limiting. In the self-limiting regime, it has been recently shown that the targeted nature of these sprays allows for corona-free 3D coating. While ESD patterning on the micron-scale has been studied for decades, most typically through the use of insulating masks, there has been no comparative study of this phenomenon across spray regimes. Here, we used test-patterns composed of gratings that range in both feature size (30–240 μm) and spacing (⅓x–9x) to compare materials across regimes. The sprayed patterns were scanned using a profilometer, and the density, average height, and specificity were extracted. From these results, it was demonstrated that material deposited in the self-limiting regime showed the highest uniformity and specificity on small features as compared to electrowetting and charged melt sprays. Self-limiting electrospray deposition is, therefore, the best suited for modification of prefabricated electrode patterns.


The journalisms in China and Japan have both undergone three stages: the initial stage, the developing stage and the changing period towards modernized newspaper. Discussions are made on the similarities and differences of the two countries' journalisms in their origins, the forms of newspapers and periodicals, the government control over the freedom of journalism and the reforms in journalistic terms. It is held that the success of Meji Reform has paved the way for the modernization process of Japan's journalism while the modernization of journalism in China has not been smooth owing to the failure of meliorations, the opposition of feudal forces and the interference of foreign invaders.


A series of tetraand pentacyclic imides with a carbazole skeleton and a basic side chain at the imide nitrogen was synthesized by cyclization of carbazole-2,3-dicarboxylic acid esters with an appropriate amine or via an N-aminoimide as a reactive intermediate. The target compounds 6 and 9 were tested in vitro for tumor cell-growth inhibition


The obligation of the sonography educator rests not only in the didactic and clinical aspects of sonography practice but also in the cultivation of special values in preparation for student success. It has been suggested that the introduction of values takes place in the home setting during childhood and that our fundamental values are certainly established by early adulthood. Nonetheless, educators must stress ethical behavior and promote essential values that have often been placed secondary or were never appropriately incorporated in many students' past educational or personal backgrounds. Academic sonography instruction is certainly not limited to the classroom. Instructors must remember that most practical application takes place in the clinical setting. Therefore, sonographers who interact directly with students also qualify as sonography educators and should be aware of their influence on the ethical behavior of students. This article provides an overview of two important values in the sonography profession, integrity and compassion, and suggests several methods in which educators may propagate these values through sonography education.


At present, on the analysis of features of warehouse system of small and medium mechatronic enterprise at home, a integrated architecture of warehouse management system is proposed to improve the performance of those enterprises. It has three layers: management layer, control layer and execution layer. Information sub-system, dispatching sub-system, simulation sub-system, hand-held terminal sub-system and warehouse execution sub-system are constructed on this architecture. The key technologies, including multi-layer architecture based on B/S, data exchange technology based on XML, hand-held terminal and task-role-based access control model, are discussed in detail. Finally, an interface of the integrated system based on the architecture and key technologies is given and the real application is shown that it's good for economical and efficient improvement of small and medium mechatronic enterprise at home.


The trajectories of high-energy electrons in the inner part of a micropinch (hot spot) are calculated. It is shown that the collisionless electrons (born, for example, in the tail of Maxwellian distribution) drift to the pinch axis in the current-induced magnetic field and the inductive electric field to form axisymmetric orbits with radial oscillations and a shift along the z-axis to the anode (modified run-away). On average, the time when the electron moves chiefly across the z-axis exceeds the period of its movement along the discharge axis, hence the probability of exciting the ions is higher when the electrons have a relatively larger perpendicular velocity component. This can explain the experimental observations of polarization of x-ray lines emitted from hot spots in a vacuum spark. Modified run-away can also play a crucial role in the energy balance of the micropinch plasma.


Smart Cities have changed from a purely technological paradigm to a holistic, integrated strategy, where the citizens play an important role in the decision-making process. Cities begin to understand the potential of integration approaches, interoperability of solutions, and start seeking strategic thinking when addressing new technologies. In this context, to implement a holistic strategy, city decision makers must have a tool that helps them to strategize according to their current state and then understand whether the actions they adopted are having the desired outcomes concerning their previously established objectives. It is not possible to create strategic visions for Smart Cities without a tool to regularly assess and monitor them. In this matter, several studies report some attempts to formulate a methodology to calculate indexes to evaluate cities' maturity level. However, they have either not taken properly into consideration indicators' weighting or the focus of the index was not clear and mixed up the key performance indicators (KPIs) of different concepts in an attempt to provide a more generic tool. Despite this, the previous studies are used as the basis to support the methodological approach of this research. This article tackles this gap in the literature by providing the most up to date Smart City assessment tool to evaluate cities. While the Smart City concept has different understandings among researchers and academia practitioners, the evolution of the concept has tended to incorporate the axes of sustainability, innovation, and quality of life. Therefore, these are featured in the present index calculation supported by the ICTs and participatory approaches. Existing standard KPIs and frameworks do not include them, focusing most of the time in one of these axes while leaving the others aside. Thus, this paper proposes to describe the development of a methodology that encompasses every one of these three axes to give cities a tool they can use to monitor their actions.


Made the nodes as the explants,studied the effect of medium composition on proliferation of Phlox Paniculata in vitro.The results showed that MS medium promoted the shoot and root growth.BA promoted the shoot differentiation and growth,and 2 mg/L of BA was the best.When the medium concentration was 2MS,it was good for the shoot differentiation and growth.The favorable shoot differentiation and growth were found in 2 folds of MS medium.


In this afterword Terence Ranger reflects on the debate and looks forward at what future histories of Zimbabwe might look like.


This project discourses the implementation of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) in a Greek brewery. In particular, firstly is presented the concept of TPM and its principles and follows the part of Autonomous Maintenance (AM), constituent part of TPM, implementation in a Greek brewery.


Introduction: Utopia and Dystopia beyond Space and Time 1 PART ONE: ANIMA CHAPTER 1: Fredric Jameson Utopia as Method, or the Uses of the Future 21 CHAPTER 2: Jennifer Wenzel Literacy and Futurity: Millennial Dreaming on the Nineteenth- Century Southern African Frontier 45 CHAPTER 3: Dipesh Chakrabarty Bourgeois Categories Made Global: The Utopian and Actual Lives of Historical Documents in India 73 CHAPTER 4: Luise White The Utopia of Working Phones: Rhodesian Independence and the Place of Race in Decolonization 94 CHAPTER 5: Timothy Mitchell Hydrocarbon Utopia 117 PART TWO: ARTIFICE CHAPTER 6: John Krige Techno- Utopian Dreams, Techno- Political Realities: The Education of Desire for the Peaceful Atom 151 CHAPTER 7: Marci Shore On Cosmopolitanism, the Avant- Garde, and a Lost Innocence of Central Europe 176 CHAPTER 8: David Pinder The Breath of the Possible: Everyday Utopianism and the Street in Modernist Urbanism 203 CHAPTER 9: Igal Halfin Stalinist Confessions in an Age of Terror: Messianic Times at the Leningrad Communist Universities 231 CHAPTER 10: Aditya Nigam The Heterotopias of Dalit Politics: Becoming- Subject and the Consumption Utopia 250 List of Contributors 277 Index 281


This study set out to assessing the influence of entrepreneurial orientat ion and SMEs' performance. A descriptive research design was adopted to gather information from registered SMEs as captured by Corporate Affairs Commission in Nigeria. The data gathered were sourced via the administration of structured questionnaire to 436 owner - managers of SMEs. The study employed the use of structural equation modelling of AMOS 22 to test the hypothesis. The results from statistical analysis indicates a significant impact from all dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation, such as busines s opportunity, inclusive innovation, dynamic operations, value adding activity, risk taking and innovative decisions have significant influence on SMEs performance.


The composition of the fungal population colonizing the rhizosphere, the rhizoplane and the roots of Galega orientalis Lam. plants was studied. The following factors had an influence on the quantity and the composition of the species: fertilization, the analysed root zone and the date of the completed analyses.


In Zhang Henshui's novels,Woman Clown" images with little space always appeared as the supporting roles in his works.The names,effects,characters and languages of them possess distinct features,and Zhang Henshui adopted a skillful way of describing to depict them vividly.Foster's expatiation on "Flat Character" and "Round Character" could analyze the formation of the images.On the basis of shaping "Woman Clown" images,Zhang Henshui inherited the tradition of Chinese ancient novels,and brought forth new ideas in writing.


This article empirically analyzes the effects of barriers to entry and exit on Chinese service industry from both industrial and regional aspects with panel data of 14 industries and 31 provinces.Results show that main reason for firms to enter service industry is the profit prospects of the industry,which indicates that entry and exit on service industry results from the impact of the market mechanism.However,when entering service industry,firms are also faced with the entry barriers caused by the lack of high-quality labor force and strategic behavior of incumbent firm to expand their operating scale.Especially in the transition period,the government's administrative control and monopolized operation of service industry,even its control of the manufacturing sector will all restrict entry and exit on service industry.These entry barriers related to government are severer than those economic entry barriers.


Identification to the species level using morphology is challenging when usual diagnostic characters are similar amongst related taxa. Within the Neotropical genus Atlantoscia, differences between nominal species are generally small and restricted to a few characters. Despite the power of DNA sequencing to identify and distinguish between species, molecular phylogenies of terrestrial isopods from the Neotropics have not been determined. In this study, two new species of Atlantoscia were described and molecular markers were used to verify both the validity of the current taxonomy and the relationships amongst the species within this genus. All of the recognized Atlantoscia species were strongly supported in the generated phylogenetic trees. The average congeneric distance was 14.7%, with Atlantoscia ituberasensis and Atlantoscia rubromarginata showing the highest genetic divergence. Our results demonstrate the utility of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene together with DNA barcoding to reliably distinguish Atlantoscia species. They also show that DNA barcoding may be helpful in those cases in which classical taxonomy does not provide clear-cut species resolution. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London


Proceedings of the Workshop on Deep Learning for Knowledge Graphs (DL4KG2019) co-located with the 16th Extended Semantic Web Conference 2019 (ESWC 2019).


Abstract Acts of student violence in the schools are increasing (Chance, 1990; Crosby, 1993; Rich, 1992; Urben, 1986), especially in the larger cities in the United States (Hellman & Beaton, 1986). These acts of violence include violence toward other students as well as toward the school personnel and property. In this paper I will discuss selected aspects of violence in the schools. More specifically, I discuss the prevalence of violence in the schools, school based interventions and implications for the practice of school psychologists.


This paper addresses some of the problems related to direct temperature measurement of synchronous generator excitation winding in rotation. Excitation winding temperature is used for determining the dynamic limit in a PQ diagram. The paper also addresses procedures of improving the accuracy of surface temperature measurement using the DS18B20 digital temperature probes. The paper also provides experimental results of direct temperature measurement on the surface of excitation winding conducted in the synchronous generator in the rotation.


Objective To explore the bacteria distribution and its relationship with the clinical characteristics among patients with cholelithiasis complicated by biliary infection.Methods One hundred patients with cholelithiasis complicated by biliary infection were enrolled in the study.The bile samples were collected during surgery for pathogen culture and drug sensitivity test,the relationship between pathogen infection and patients' clinical characteristics(including gender,age,nationality,occupation,region,related medical history) was analyzed.Results Sixtyeight of 100 cases were bacteria infected,a total of 71 strains of bacteria were detected,60 of them were G-bacteria(escherichia coli 39,klebsiella pneumonia 9,pseudomonas aeruginosa 4,enterobacter cloacae 3,other strains 5),accounted for 84.5%,11 of G + bacteria accounted for 15.5%(enterococci 10,staphylococci 1).Escherichia coli(37 strains) and klebsiella pneumoniae(9 stratins) were sensitive to amikacin(94.9% vs 100%),11 strains of G + bacteria were sensitive to teicoplanin,linezolid and vancomycin(100%).Bile culture was positive,which correlate with a history of eating raw fish,a medical history of hepatitis and a medical history of biliary surgery(P 0.05),while did not correlate with gender,age,nationality,place of residence,with or without a history of roundworm infection(P 0.05).Conclusion Cholelithiasis complicated by biliary infection is dominated by G-bacteria,the most common are escherichia coli,enterococcus,klebsiella pneumonia.Pathogen infection has certain relationships with a history of eating sashimi as well as a medical history of hepatitis and biliary surgery.The clinical use of antibiotics should be based on the results of drug sensitivity test.


Usually, one favors a low resonance peak for vibration sensing, since this expands the measurement range. Furthermore, one wants to avoid ringing. Both requirements are met by a high damping, i.e. a low quality factor of Q ~ 1. In this contribution, we show that it is possible to design a micro-opto-electro-mechanical system (MOEMS) vibration sensor featuring a strong passive damping leading to a quality factor of ~2. Starting point for this is a basic understanding and analytic modeling of the relevant damping mechanisms which in our case (at ambient pressure) is air damping. The analytical models revealed the relevant parameters determining the air damping of the MOEMS. We compared the results of our analytical models to finite volume method (FVM) simulations conducted with the open source software OpenFOAM to account for effects not covered by the analytics. Finally, measurements of the designed structure confirm the low Q-factor close to the critical value Q = 1. Motivation Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are very commonly used as accelerometer or for vibration sensing. One can find them almost everywhere in today's consumer electronics, automotive applications and other applications. The-state-of-the-art commercial sensors are based on a capacitative readout, i.e. a suspended electrode that is deflected by the acceleration/vibration moves against a fixed one. The more sensitive the sensor, the closer the electrodes should be. The drawback of this principle is the necessity of an active force feedback (damping) to avoid pull-in of the moving electrode. An alternative is offered by the optical readout of the MOEMS device presented in [1]. There, the electrodes are replaced by a fixed and a moving grid of rectangular holes arranged in such way that the light flux through the sensor is modulated if the moving part is deflected (Fig. 1). Advantages of this readout principle are, e.g., large possible deflection range or no necessity for an active feedback. It could also be shown that, apart from the effective mass or stiffness, the passive damping can be adjusted in a wide range to fit the needs of almost any given application [2,3]. We use these findings to design a low Q vibration sensor with passive damping only. Results Since the mechanical Q-factor depends on the angular resonance frequency ω0 and the decay constant γ only, i.e. Q = ω0/2γ, we aimed at a microstructure with ω0 ≥ 2γ. The decay parameter corresponds to the damping force Fd = v·γ/2m exerted by the surrounding air onto the sensor's seismic mass m oscillating with velocity v (Fig. 2). Assuming a perfect fabrication process without underetching or other difficulties, we wanted to design a sensor with γ = 800 s-1 and ω0 = 2000 s -1 . In reality we observe a broadening of etched holes by ~1 μm for each edge which significantly influences the Q-factor. Taking this into account, the FVM simulations suggest a reduced decay parameter of γ = 448.45 s-1. We then tested this value against actual measurements of the sensor (Fig. 3), where we recorded the transfer characteristic. The values for γ and ω0 were extracted thereout by a least-squares fitting routine (Fig. 4) yielding γ = 449.21 s -1 and ω0 = 2043.96 s -1 , which corresponds to Q = 2.275. [1] W. Hortschitz, H. Steiner, M. Sachse, M. Stifter, F. Kohl, J. Schalko, A. Jachimowicz, F. Keplinger, T. Sauter, An optical in-plane MEMS vibration sensor, IEEE Sensors Journal 11 (11) (2011) 2805–2812. [2] A. Kainz, W. Hortschitz, M. Stifter, J. Schalko, F. Keplinger, Optimization of passive air damping of MOEMS vibration sensors, Procedia Engineering 87 (0) (2014) 440 – 443. [3] A. Kainz. W. Hortschitz, F. Keplinger, Air damping as design feature in lateral oscillators, in: to be published, 2015. Figure 1. Sensor principle. The fixed Cr apertures and the moving apertures etched into the Si seismic mass modulate the light flux from an LED depending on the deflection of the mass. This flux is then registered by a phototransistor. Figure 2. Relevant components of the damping force. The total damping force Fd consists mainly of three contributions: Couette type damping Ft, free shear damping Fb and squeeze damping Ffr. The distances xr and yr determine the strength of Fd. Figure 3. Characterization setup. The MOEMS sensor is actuated by a piezoelectric shaker. The actuation amplitude is measured by a Polytec MSA-400 vibrometer while the sensor modulates the light flux from LED to phototransistor. Figure 4. Transfer function A(f) (top: amplitude, bottom: phase) of the low-Q sensor measured for three different actuation amplitudes. The gray solid lines represent the actual sensor output divided by the respective actuation. The black dashed curve corresponds to the fit of the measured data.


This thesis documents the theory and practice of making reflection edgelit holograms, the design of an autostereoscopic display that uses reflection edgelit holographic optical elements, and the evaluation of the autostereoscopic display as built. The theory of hologram formation and reconstruction with emphasis on fringe formation and the K-vector approach to holographic ray tracing is discussed. The physical and biological mechanisms of stereoscopic and autostereoscopic displays are described, and the details are given for a new autostereoscopic display based on a compound microscope that uses edgelit holographic mirrors (EHMs). The experimental procedure for producing a high-quality EHM is detailed. The performance of the EHM for use in the autostereoscopic display is analyzed and the results are compared to the theory. Thesis Supervisor: Stephen A. Benton Title: Allen Professor of Media Arts and Sciences


Over the last few decades, countries have experienced quite different patterns of productivity growth. In this paper, we emphasize the role of country level demographics in explaining these differences. In particular, looking over the period 1960-2002, we show that cross-country data support the notion that, starting in the late 1970s, countries went through a period of technological transition that lasted at least until the mid-1990s for the fastest adjusting countries and is still proceeding for the slower adjusting countries. The main claim of the paper is that the country-level rate of labour growth was a key factor driving the speed of adjustment to the new technological paradigm, implying that much of the cross-country difference in economic performance over recent decades can be explained by demographic differences across countries as opposed to the many other factors emphasized in the literature.


Based on the landscape ecological methods, GIS software and aerial images of 2018a, this paper studies the spatial pattern of urban green landscape of Suzhou via landscape ecological theory. The green landscape was consists of several kinds of patches according to the size. Landscape ecological indexes such as the number of patches, landscape fragmentation, and landscape separation were selected to study the landscape pattern of green space in the main urban area of Suzhou. The results show that the biggest green area is in Wuzhong District, the minimum is Gusu District; the green landscape fragmentation of Gusu Districtis is the highest, but the lowest is in Wuzhong District; the landscape separation degree is the largest in Wuzhong District, and the industrial park is the smallest. Comprehensive analysis shows that the landscape pattern of green space in Wuzhong District is more desirable. Finally, some suggestions are given on how to optimize the green space construction in Suzhou.


This paper presents a novel dual-band rectenna for RF energy harvesting system. This rectenna is created from a dual-band antenna and a dual-band rectifier which operates at GSM bands (900 MHz and 1800 MHz). The printed monopole antenna is miniaturized by two meander-lines. The received signal from the receiving antenna is rectified by a voltage doubler using Schottky diode SMS-7630. The rectifier is optimized for low input power level of −20dBm using harmonic balance. Prototype is designed and fabricated. The simulation is validated by measurement with power conversion efficiency of 20% and 40.8% (in measurement) at the input power level of −20dBm. The proposed rectenna has output voltage from 183–415 mV. From the measured results, this rectenna provides the possibility to harvest the ambient electromagnetic energy for powering low-power electronic devices.


informed consent for ERCP must incorporate information on the indications, complications, benefits and alternatives of the procedure, including disclosure of the material risks (a risk that could alter the patient's decision and is contingent upon the frequency of occurrence and its severity). How many of us do this well, given the current understanding and knowledge of those four spheres as they relate to ERCP? I believe that most of us do not! Evidence-based medicine, and the ethical and legal duty of informed consent force us to change our current practices. In the present study, a significant proportion of survey respondents, who were generally experienced endoscopists from academic centres, did not routinely mention pancreatitis (9%), bleeding (12%) or perforation (27%) as poten


Reinforcement mechanism of CFG pile composite foundation and effect of pile body and cushion are introduced.Parameters are designed based on bearing capacity calculation method of CFG pile and engineering practice.Points for attention of engineering construction are described briefly in the end.Practice proves that the CFG pile has many advantages and it's a ideal foundation treatment technology.


The authors are working toward practical use of a deterioration diagnosis technique for marine structures based on images shot from a small unmanned boat. This paper reports the effect of the luminance and resolution of images shot from the water surface on the results of deterioration diagnosis of the undersurface of a concrete pier superstructure. Using images with a minimum pixel width of 1–2 mm, a crack width of 1 mm can be detected provided the mean luminance of an image is around 50 to 150. The errors of damage area measurement were around 5%. When the minimum pixel width is 2–4 mm or less, a crack width of 1 mm can be calculated. As to measurement of damage areas, the errors were found to be around 5% when the minimum pixel width of images were 16 mm or less.