The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of corporate governance on the quality of forward-looking information disclosure in Indonesia which forward-looking information is voluntary disclosure. Forward-looking information will be measured by sales forecast using precision and accuracy to measure the quality of information regarding disclosures in annual reports that are published by firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2015. Methods of testing the hypothesis of this study are logistic and multiple regression analysis.The results show that corporate governance has a significant and positive impact on the precision of sales forecast. Firms with good corporate governance tend to disclose their sales forecast precisely rather than qualitative but tend to disclose nonfinancial information in sales forecast. Firms with good corporate governance will provide accurate sales forecast but tend to be optimistic bias.


Nearly one hundred and fifty different enzymatically modified forms of the four canonical residues in RNA have been identified. For instance, enzymes of the ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA), family convert adenosine residues to inosines in cellular dsRNAs. Recent findings show that DNA Endonuclease V enzymes have undergone an evolutionary transition from cleaving 3' to deoxyinosine in DNA and ssDNA to cleaving 3' to inosine in dsRNA and ssRNA in humans. Recent work on dsRNA-binding domains of ADARs and other proteins also shows that a degree of sequence-specificity is achieved by direct readout in the minor groove. However the level of sequence specificity observed is much less than that of DNA major groove-binding helix-turn-helix proteins. We suggest that the evolution of more sequence-specific binding proteins following the opening up of the major groove by the RNA to DNA genome transitions represents the major advantage that DNA genomes have over RNA genomes. We propose that a hypothetic RNA modification, a ribose reductase acting on genomic dsRNA (RRAR) must have existed. We discuss why this is the most satisfactory explanation for the origin of DNA. The evolution of this RNA modification and later steps to DNA genomes are likely to have been driven by cellular conflicts with viruses. RNA modifications continue to be involved in host-virus conflicts; in vertebrates edited cellular dsRNAs with inosine-uracil base pairs appear to be recognized as self RNA and to suppress activation of innate immune sensors that detect viral dsRNA.


The present invention relates to a Hearse, vehicle 100 configure cloud wanted (10) for receiving the tube therein, that the external and clad in ornamental flowers (110), configured to automatically open and close the curtain as the cloud Wanted 10, as configured, the doctor (20) for injecting cold air generated in cold air generating device 130, the operating Wanted 10, the bottom surface of the vehicle 100 in order to maintain the cold state, the tube placed table ( 11) the configuration and the configuration of the pipe laid table 11 is retracting so that automatically, rapidly chilled by the body within 2-3 minutes Unguja are thereby preventing corruption of the body it is possible to smoothly perform a salt marsh, due to corruption can reduce the psychological discomfort of the people and mourners who were on the odor is removed, the fate wanted to prevent damage to the pipe to automate the loading and unloading of the tube, and so loaded in the longitudinal direction in a small space There is an effect that can be moved to below the tube. Hearse, ungucha, refrigeration, slides,


Observations have been reported of reorganization of motor commands to muscles whose increased contraction will further narrow some portion of the upper vocal tract [Bell‐Berti and Harris, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 55, 384(A) (1974)]. This reorganization manifests itself as a merging of EMG activity for two contiguous speech gestures in some contexts but not in others. We have postulated a rule to predict this reorganization: commands to muscles that close the vocal tract will merge in sequences of gestures in which the vocal tract is being closed. Data have now been recorded from muscles that open the vocal tract to determine if the rule for motor command reorganization for these muscles is the converse of the rule for the closers: commands to muscles that open the vocal tract will merge in sequences of gestures in which the vocal tract is being opened. (Another expression of these rules might be: when a muscle must be shorter for the second element in a sequence than for the first, activity will merge into on...


In order for Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) Global Positioning System (GPS) to provide a realistic positional accuracy estimate, the stochastic model must correctly describe the errors within the observables, including their temporal correlation. Temporal correlation is generally ignored by modern RTK manufacturers. Assuming correlated observations to be independent results in an over-optimistic state variance-covariance (VCV) matrix. This can lead to too much confidence being placed in GPS obtained positions, especially when combined in survey networks with terrestrial obtained positions. One method of accounting for the temporal correlation found in GPS errors is the time-differencing Kalman filter, published previously by Petovello et al (2009). This previously untested approach is implemented and evaluated using real RTK GPS data. Using traditional survey methods, a 3-dimensional survey testing network was created, and adjusted using least squares. Each of the 6 testing points within the network were characterized with different signal challenges to experience a variety of multi-path scenarios. The network was repeatedly surveyed using commercial RTK equipment and software, with baselines up to 10 km in length. The positions and accuracy of each point were determined using both commercial RTK software and the time-differencing Kalman filter. Using the state VCV matrix, error ellipses (95% confidence interval) are formed and analyzed in the local coordinate system. When temporal correlation is ignored, the error ellipses do not contain the absolute position as often as they should at the 95% confidence interval (CI). Using the state VCV matrix established with the timedifferencing Kalman filter, the error ellipses are more realistic and contain the absolute position 95% of the time. The time-differencing Kalman filter is not without its difficulties, as ambiguity resolution and filter tuning are shown to be difficult tasks.


This proposal requests funding to access and view a series of historical German films and to purchase materials for the recreation of key sequences of the animated films of Lotte Reiniger, a historical German animator. From this work, two animated films will be made: a short narrative piece and a longer informational film to investigate and interpret Reiniger's medium and artistic choices in the context of German expressionism. The goal of this work is to recognize Lotte Reiniger's films as artistic achievements worthy of including Reiniger in academic discussions about contemporary innovative German filmmakers – discussions from which she is currently neglected because her work has been branded as impressive feats of craft rather than film art.


To introduce a simple and alternative surgical technique, minimally invasive transcanal myringotomy (MITM), for early stage congenital cholesteatoma in children and to evaluate the feasibility and results of MITM for management of early stage congenital cholesteatoma with respect to its effectiveness and safety.


It is necessary to set up multiple ventilation shafts for tunnel segment ventilation especially in extra-long deep-buried tunnel. At the moment, the ventilation system of whole tunnel will be seriously affected by adjusting position or basal area of each ventilation shaft. This paper takes Niba Mountain Tunnel, a extra-long highway tunnel, as the object of study. Based on calculation method of normal operating ventilation of tunnel, economic wind velocity and economic basal area of ventilation shafts of three segments ventilation scheme for Niba Mountain Tunnel have been studied. Through a great variety of combination of different conditions and a lot of calculations, main conclusions are drawn as follows. It is the best both economically and technologically when 15m/s of design wind velocity is adopted in inclined shafts and connected aisles of Niba Mountain Tunnel. And while economic wind velocity of ventilation shafts is 15m/s, their economic basal area could be obtained. As a result, this study provides experience for the future related projects.


ABSTRACT Background: Four constructs are encompassed by the term "falls-related psychological concerns" (FrPC); "fear of falling" (FOF), "falls-related self-efficacy" (FSe), "balance confidence" (BC) and "outcome expectancy" (OE). FrPC are associated with negative consequences including physical, psychological, and social. Identifying factors associated with FrPC could inform interventions to reduce these concerns. Methods: Sixty-two empirical papers relating to psychological factors associated with FrPC in community-dwelling older people (CDOP) were reviewed. Four levels of evidence were used when evaluating the literature: good, moderate, tentative, and none. Results: Evidence that anxiety predicted FOF, BC, and OE was tentative. Moderate evidence was found for anxiety predicting FSe. Good evidence was found for depression predicting FSe. Moderate evidence was found for depression predicting both FOF and BC. No evidence was found for depression predicting OE. Tentative evidence was found for FSe predicting depression. Good and moderate evidence was found for quality of life (QoL) being predicted by FOF and BC respectively. Tentative evidence was found for FSe predicting QoL. Moderate evidence was found for QoL predicting both FSe and BC. No evidence was found for QoL predicting FOF. Good and moderate evidence was found for activity avoidance/restriction (AA/AR) being predicted by FOF and FSe respectively. Tentative evidence was found for BC and OE predicting AA/AR, as well as for AA/AR predicting FOF. Moderate evidence for activity level (AL) predicting FOF was identified, however the evidence of this predicting FSe and BC was tentative. Evidence for FOF, FSe, and BC predicting AL was tentative as was evidence to suggest FOF predicted coping. Conclusions: Mixed evidence has been found for the association of psychological factors in association with FrPCs. Future research should employ theoretically grounded concepts, use multivariate analysis and longitudinal designs.


This paper provides a new table of critical values for testing q linear contrasts in a repeated measures design.In contrast to some tables, nothing is assumed about the structure of the variance-covariance matrix. The new table is more exten-sive and slightly better than existing tables where the critical values are based on the Bonferroni inequality.


Since Iran has become a member of world trade organization (WTO) and due to arrival of foreign rivals to national financial markets, Iranian banks need to develop their services in the line with technological changes and to turn to e-banking. One of major obstacles to the way of e-banking development is quality evaluation by customers of this technology. Present research to comparison and ranking factors of effect on customer's satisfaction of e-banking service quality among customers banks west Iran banks (Sepah and Keshavarzi) and private banks (Ghavamin and Karafarin), to this end, this research has used a questionnaire 26 question and simply randomly distributed to 1536 customers of public banks (Sepah and Keshavarzi) and private banks (Ghavamin and Karafarin). Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a number of university professors. Their reliability was obtained with cronbach's alpha coefficient questionnaire; 0.956 & 0.963 for public and private banks. The method of this study is descriptive-survey research. Study period is the second half of 2012. T-test, Regression and Friedman test were employed to test hypotheses and to rate factors influencing customers satisfaction of e-banking. Results support hypotheses (1-6) relating the level of six factors effects (tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and convenience) on customer's Satisfaction of e-banking service quality provided by public banks (Sepah and Keshavarzi) and private banks (Ghavamin and Karafarin). In hypotheses (7) the least important of factor in e-banking service quality among public and private banks are respectively factor of assurance and responsiveness, also, factor of reliability is the most important of factor in e-banking service quality among public and private banks. At the end of the study are presented suggestions to public banks (Sepah and Keshavarzi) and private banks (Ghavamin and Karafarin) in the framework of research topic.


Abstract One of the difficulties in estimating atmospheric heat and moisture budgets lies in resolving the near-surface heat and moisture convergence and vertical velocities, each of which is highly dependent on the divergence of the surface wind. A kinematic approach is proposed to utilize scatterometer winds to improve the estimate of surface wind divergence, the omega profile, and, therefore, estimates of the hydrologic forcing and convective heating over the tropical ocean. Improvements in these estimates over those obtained using analyses of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) alone are found when the ERS-1 scatterometer ground tracks passed over the TOGA COARE intensive flux array. The spatial patterns of precipitation estimated from GMS IR temperatures and radar reflectivities agree better with the divergence fields derived from the ERS-1 scatterometer winds than with those derived from either ECMWF or rawinsonde winds. The use of ERS-1 surface winds also changes the omeg...


The present paper reports the experience of a nurse who starts a process for recuperating the social benefits of a group of intern patients in the Psychiatry Institute of Santa Catarina in Sao Jose (SC). Many of the social benefits were taken away from these patients without their approval, and were spent, most of the time, by their legal curators.


This paper proves whether or not the budget decision behavior in the point of view of the public choice is applied to the budget decision of Korea. The existence of the behavior of the public choice is investigated by the recognition of the budget bureaucrats in the central ministries and the public budget office. In order to do research. this paper develops nine indicators. This paper investigated the recognition of the budget bureaucrats by performing the gallop poll using the nine indicators. The results of the gallop poll show the average 3.2. given the range of five response ranks from 1 to 5. The meaning of the average 3.2 presents that the budget bureaucrats of Korea recognize there is the middle degree of the budget decision behavior of the public choice in the budget decision making in Korea.


BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Eriocaulaceae exhibit a great variety of floral traits associated with insect (e.g., nectariferous structures) and wind pollination (unisexual flowers, exposed sexual organs, and small pollen grains), as well as 'selfing syndrome' (small flowers, short distance between stigma and anthers, and temporal overlap of male and female phases). Paepalanthus bifidus, P. subtilis, and P. tortilis are related species, that differ in form, size and colour of floral structures. So, we aimed to investigate the pollination and reproductive biology of these three species.

METHODS
We analysed the floral biology, floral visitors, pollinator behaviour and the contribution of insects, wind, and spontaneous geitonogamy to fruit set. Furthermore, we evaluated the floral colour and scent of the species. Colour reflectance of capitula of each species was measured and plotted in models of insect vision. Floral scent samples were extracted and the compounds were compared to vegetative scent samples.

KEY RESULTS
In all species, the staminate and pistillate flowers are arranged in alternating cycles with a temporal overlap between these phases. Ants were the most frequent floral visitors and were effective pollinators in P. bifidus and P. tortilis, while flies were occasional pollinators in P. tortilis. Floral visitors were not observed in P. subtilis. In all species, fruits were produced by spontaneous geitonogamy, with no evidence of wind pollination. According to the models of insect visions, the colour of the capitula of P. bifidus and P. subtilis are the most inconspicuous for ants and flies. We found no difference between the emission of volatiles of inflorescences and vegetative structures.

CONCLUSIONS
This study suggest that ant pollination might be more widespread in Eriocaulaceae than currently assumed. Furthermore, for small monocarpic plants, mixed mating strategies are most favorable, by assuring reproduction either by outcrossing when pollinators are abundant or by spontaneous geitonogamy when pollinations are scarce/absent.


This paper is concerned with the spoken communication of chronically ill and aging residents of long term care institutions. Social gerontologists and speech pathologists have investigated areas related to spoken communication, however, there has been almost no investigation of communication from the patients' and staff perspective. Spoken communication is a vital component of social interaction and psychological well being and underlies such concepts as isolation, integration, and adjustment, and is a fertile area for investigation and analysis.


The electronic structure of $Ag_{2+\delta}s$single crystals is investigated as a function of temperature and nonstoichiometry, $\delta$. It is shown that the stoichiometric, low-temperature $\alpha-Ag_2S$ phase is a band insulator with correlation effects further increasing the band gap. The results suggest that the metal-insulator transition observed with increase in $\delta$ from the stoichiometric $(\delta=0)$ phase in the high-temperature $\beta-Ag_{2+\delta}s$is due to the tuning of the Fermi energy through the mobility edge. The increase in conductivity associated with the insulator-to-insulator transition across the $\alpha-\beta$ phase transformation in the stoichiometric $Ag_2S$ is suggested to arise from the order-disorder transition and the consequent redistribution of states near the top of the valence band.


Summary

In this case report, we describe the clinical features and treatment of a Thoroughbred gelding presented for dysuria caused by rupture of a penile artery, with subsequent tear to the bulbospongiosus muscle and corpus spongiosum due to suspected blunt force trauma.


The invention discloses a preparation method of a nanocrystal solar battery photoanode. The preparation method comprises: by using a chemical solution method, taking a block polymer as a template and combining a quick annealing process with a spin-coating method to prepare a mesoporous TiO2 thick film with a large surface area on fluorine-doped stannic oxide conductive glass. TiO2 nanospheres are evenly dispersed in titanium precursor sol and then are dispersed in a TiO2 film after high-temperature heat treatment and tightly contact surrounding nanoparticles; and the finally obtained nanocrystal solar battery photoanode has the large specific surface area of a mesoporous material and the excellent light scattering properties of nanospheres at the same time. The preparation method has the advantages that the nanocrystal solar battery photoanode has higher porosity and larger specific surface area; the method makes use of multiple spin coating and the quick annealing process to control the thickness of the photoanode easily; and the introduction of the TiO2 nanospheres is favorable for increasing the open circuit voltage, short-circuit current density and photoelectric conversion efficiency of a nanocrystal solar battery by increasing the light collection efficiency of the photoanode.


The fundamental component for the success of VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks) applications is routing since it must efficiently handle rapid topology changes and a fragmented network. On demand set up, fault tolerance and unconstrained connectivity are a couple of advantages that why mobile computing continues to enjoy rapid growth.However, it can be expected that security attacks are likely to increase in the coming future due to the more and more wirelss applications being developed and deployed on to the well-known expose nature of wireless medium. Thanks to the substantial research efforts carried out by the community so far, we make the following contribution in this paper. In this paper we are specifically taking real life application of mobile ad-hoc networks i.e. VANET (vehicular adhoc networks). We will present a novel infrastructure for vehicle communication on highway and propose some potential security challenges from a driver's perspective and car manufacturer's .We will introduce an exemplary approach to outline various challenges and some possible solution.


We present the analysis of 38.4 ks and 23.6 ks ACIS-I observations of the core of the Pleiades open cluster. Of the 101 sources detected in the 17 × 17 region, 53 have not been cataloged at any other wavelength. Eighteen of 23 Pleiades members in the ACIS-I FOV were detected as X-ray sources with moderate to high time variability. Two of the early-type Pleiades members, HII 980 (B6 IV) and HII 956 (A7 V), are very bright X-ray sources, show soft X-ray spectra, and are variable with no obvious signs of flaring. Kand M-type cluster members with comparable X-ray luminosities have hard X-ray spectra and display strong flares. For non-flaring Kand M-type stars, LX is 1–2 orders of magnitude lower. One A-type star, HII 1284 (A9 V), has X-ray properties comparable to these non-flaring K-type stars. One star, HII 1338 (F3 V), exhibits an X-ray flare and two others, HII 1362 (A7 V) and HII 1375 (A0 V) are not detected. Despite the low number statistics, this pattern among late-B to early-F stars suggests that some early-type stars like HII 980 and HII 956 are intrinsic X-ray emitters. Some, like HII 1284 and HII 1338, may have late-type companions and some, like HII 1362 and HII 1375, may be single, inactive stars. X-ray spectra and light curves of a larger sample of intermediate-mass stars are needed to confirm this trend. P ro ce ed in gs o f 1 2 th C a m br id ge W o rk sh o p o n C oo l S ta rs , S te ll a r S y st em s, & T h e S u n , 2 0 0 3 U n iv er si ty o f C o lo ra d o .


Cytoplasmic proteins with binding capability to AU‐rich instability determinant sequences (ARE) of tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) mRNA 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) were assessed in human lymphoid cells.In vitro label transfer experiments using wild type as well as mutant sequences in which the 70 nucleotide‐long AUUUA pentamer‐containing portion of the 3′UTR had been deleted conferred binding specificity to five major activities of 22/25‐, 38/40‐, 50‐, 60‐ and 80‐kDa proteins in cytoplasmic extracts of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Cytochalasin‐induced disarrangement of the F‐actin‐based microfilament system led to a Triton X‐100‐insoluble to soluble redistribution of these binding activities. No such changes were observed in Jurkat tumour cells. Combination of in vivo UV‐crosslinking and in vitro label transfer experiments revealed considerable differences in RNA association between proteins of the same cell type as well as between proteins of identical molecular weight (Mw) derived from either PBMCs or Jurkat cells. Our findings may explain some aspects of differential regulation of interleukin 2 (IL‐2) and TNFα mRNA stability upon microfilament disruption in human PBMCs observed in an earlier study. These results also suggest that the physical state of cytoplasmic structural environment might contribute to important regulatory processes regarding key elements of eukaryotic mRNA metabolism, such as modulation of stability. Finally, these data highlight the possibility that the often observed disorganization of the cytoskeleton in tumour cells may partly be responsible for the maintenance of the neoplastic state, a phenomenon that potentially involves ARE‐AUBP interactions.


The temperature dependence of polarized infrared reflectance spectra was investigated on the single crystal of (Me 2 DCNQI-d 7 ) 2 Cu whose electrical resistivity was continuously monitored by the four-probe method. Above 77 K, the resistivity decreases on lowering the temperature, and the reflectance spectra exhibit Drude-like dispersion for both polarizations parallel and perpendicular to the crystallographic c-axis. Between 77 K and 75 K, the resistivity increases more than 10 6 times that of 77 K, and the reflectance spectra exhibit drastic change suggesting dimensionality crossover from a three-dimensional conductor into a one-dimensional insulator. Based on the reflectivity data it was concluded that the metal-insulator transition in this salt is accompanied by discontinuous formation of CDW.


This tutorial will provide attendees with clear perspectives on the challenges for experimental research in the area of parallel and large-scale distributed computing, and on current technology for conducting experiments with real-world testbeds, emulated testbeds, or simulated testbeds. The first part of the tutorial will present and contrast current experimental methodologies, giving attendees in-depth understanding of the scientific and technological issues at hand. The second part of the tutorial will focus on simulation, giving a state of the art of current simulation technology and discussing challenges for the development of sound simulation models. The tutorial will use the SimGrid simulation framework as an exemple since it implements sophisticated and validated simulation models. The last part of the tutorial will focus on an in-depth presentation of the different simulation approaches enabled by SimGrid, each with its specific range of applications and goals. SimGrid has been used to obtain results published in over 50 research articles and has thus emerged as one of the key tools for simulation in the area of parallel and large-scale distributed computing. Tutorial attendees will have the opportunity to gain some hands-on experience with SimGrid, by witnessing step-by-step development of small simulation projects. By the end of this tutorial attendees should have a clear understanding of current technology and best practice for experimental parallel large-scale distributed computing research, and in particular on the use of simulation.


Realized the efficient and automatic management of the motor vehicle driving licence making use of big storing capacity,low cost and high defensive capability of 2D barcode technology PDF417.Choosed the Microsoft SQL Server 2000 to establish the background database.Used the MSComm communication controls of the Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 to develop full bilateral work,event-driven,efficient and applied communication program of scanning bar.Designed the program of printing bar code by Visual Basic6.0.


The political aspect of the money has long been exploited in the struggle for world power, but its theoretical study is still insufficient. The monetary conception developed by the author is an attempt to correct this discordance. According to this conception, the world politics is determined by the struggle for the authority to establish the global currency, which at least performs three political functions leveling function, distributive function and coercive function.


In this letter, we first of all propose for a parallel wireless sensor network (WSN) a decoding technique that well exploits the correlation knowledge of the sensing data to be transmitted from each sensor to the fusion center (FC). This letter then derives an algorithm to estimate the observation error probabilities, representing the correlation, of the links between the sensing object and sensors. The convergence of the algorithm is also evaluated. Furthermore, the comparison of bit-error-rate (BER) performance between two cases, one uses estimated observation error probabilities, the other assumes the full knowledge of the observation error probabilities, is made. The simulation results show that the difference is only around 0.3-0.5 dB in per-link signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR), depending on the number of sensors.


In the last few decades, wheat-based products have received considerable attention in view of their potential role in transporting of microelements into the human diet. In Yemen, bread is the staple food, produced in different kinds from local and imported wheat. Most of it is not subjected to microelemental analysis. The objective of this study is to determine quantitatively the microelement such as Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Co, Cd and Pb in samples of wheat grains produced locally from different cultivated regions in Yemen as well as those imported from USA and Austria. Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used for analysis. The results show that the contents of the microelements in the studied samples are generally within the permissible levels except cadmium. The samples collected from middle altitude and eastern plateau the cadmium is above the permissible level.


The importance of interface materials is based largely on their inherent inhomogeneity, i.e., that the chemical composition and physical properties at or near an interface can differ dramatically from those of the nearby bulk material. For example, the propagation of a crack along an interface — rather than through the surrounding bulk material — indicates a different mechanical strength near the interface. Also, the elastic response and thermal behavior near an interface can be highly anisotropic in an otherwise isotropic material, and can differ by orders of magnitude from those of the adjacent bulk regions. Typically, these gradients extend over only a few atomic distances. Because relatively few atoms control the properties in the interfacial region, the inherent difficulty in the experimental investigation of buried interfaces is actually an advantage in the atomic-level study of solid interfaces by means of computer-simulation techniques. While the limitations of such simulations are well known, this article will attempt to demonstrate the unique insights they can provide on some aspects of the mechanical behavior of both buried and thin-film interfaces. While to date, relatively little simulation work has focused directly on the observation of crack extension, we will discuss two types of phenomena with particular relevance in the fracture behavior of interface materials, namely their elastic and high-temperature properties. We will conclude with an outlook, too optimistic perhaps, on how the complementary capabilities of continuum-elastic theory, atomic-level computer simulation, and experiment could (and probably should) be combined in a new strategy for tackling the difficult problem of interface fracture to elucidate the underlying complex interplay between elasticity, plasticity, and temperature.


This paper examines how minimum wages affect lender and borrower interactions with consumer credit markets. We find that higher state minimum wages increase the supply of unsecured credit, reduce payday loan usage, decrease delinquency, and increase credit scores. Overall, minimum wages reduce borrowing costs and have positive spillover effects on disposable income and liquidity. A back-of-the-envelope of the cost savings indicates that higher minimum wages increase disposable income by 1.3% more than implied by estimates of the direct effect on earnings.


Context: Breast lipofilling usually involves three different stages (harvesting, processing, and placement), and in each of these phases, adipocyte cells can be damaged. Our technique of fat placement is quite different from the others as we focus our attention on the last stage of fat graft procedure, which could explain the better results in graft survival. Aims: Our method is focused on eliminating any unnecessary manipulation of the graft so as to optimize graft retention and clinical outcomes: Controlled movement and slow rate of fat injection are the cornerstone of our technique and guarantee a nontraumatic fat transfer and a greater survival rate of adipocytes. Settings and Design: This was a retrospective cohort study. Materials and Methods: Of 120 patients (average age 41,5 years) affected by breast soft tissue defects, 60 were managed with the lipofilling procedure using fat graft injected by "Gentle technique." To establish the effects of the injection's procedure, we compared the results obtained in fat graft maintenance with a control group made up of 60 patients, treated with fat graft injection according to Coleman procedure. Statistical Analysis Used: Values are expressed as mean plus standard error and analyzed using Student's t test. Results: In patients treated with Gentle technique, we observed a 60.5% + 12.5% maintenance of contour restoring and three-dimensional volume after 1 year (P < 0.0001 vs. control group); we compared the results obtained with only 39% + 4.4% of the control group treated with fat graft injected according to Coleman. Conclusions: Controlled 26 movement and slow rate of fat injection are the cornerstone of our technique and guarantee a nontraumatic fat transfer and a greater 27 survival rate of adipocytes.


The article presents the results of researches оn the effectiveness of methods of presowing sowing of seeds and outside root application of fertilizen, at different levels of mineral nutrition, on the formation of indices of individual productivity and yield of soybean seeds. The object of research – the processes of growth, development and formation of individual and seed production of soybean plants depending on fertilizer, methods of leaf-feeding and hydrothermal conditions of the region. It has been established that mineral nutrition, methods have had a significant impact on the formation of individual productivity indicators: the number of beans per plant, the number of seeds in a bean, a mass of 1000 seeds, and a cropindex. In particular, the number of beans per plant amounted to 29–43 un. On the background natural fertility, for the introduction of N 32 P 32 K 32 in creased to 32–50 un., for making N 48 P 48 K 48 the highest was 33–57 un. t/ha or 23,0– 33,8%) increase in the yield of soybean seeds was obtained by the complex processing of seeds and two extra-root crops in different phases of soy development. The least increase in the yield of soybean seeds is provided by pre-seed treatment of seeds. Vempel K - 0,5 l/t + Oraculus seeds, 1,0 l/t + Oractal molybdenum, 0,5 l/t. The increase in control was 0,08–0,18 t/ha or 5,4–7,8 %, depending on the level of mineral nutrition. of the of 56,5, seeds in the bean – 2,5 with a weight of 1000 seeds – 147,4 grams and increase in seed yield – 1,27 t/ha, formed soy plants, where seed treatment was envisaged: Pennel K - 0,5 l/t + Oraculus seeds, 1,0 l/t + Oractal molybdenum, 0,5 l/t + processing of crops in the phase 2-3 true leaves Pennant, 0,5 l/ha + crop processing in the phase of budding start: Pennant, 0,5 l/ha + Oracul boron, 1,0 l/ha + Oraculus sulfur 2,0 l/ha + Oracle zinc, 1,0 l/ha per level am mineral N 48 P 48 K 48 .


Intense pulsed light(IPL) is"non-ablative"rejuvenation techniques for photoaged and photodamaged skin.It is an effective therapy to improve the irregular pigmention,telangiectasias,coarse skin texture and fine wrinkles.Therapeutic effect is satisfied,but there is lack of an evaluated method that is objective,scientific and accurate for using IPL.


This paper presents a novel mode-based controller design approach to control energy storage devices (ESDs) for residential PV applications. Different from the traditional controller design approach, the mode-based approach assumes that an ESD is equipped with a set of predetermined real-time control modes. Thus, the control objective becomes choosing the best operation mode of the ESD to achieve the best performance at the lowest cost instead of the charging and discharging power levels. As a result, a two-stage algorithm is developed. In the first stage, an economic model predictive control (EMPC) algorithm is used to determine the optimal charging or discharging power. In the second stage, based on the EMPC result, the controller eliminates unsuitable modes and selects the best operation modes among the suitable modes. Residential electricity consumption data collected in the PECAN Street Project are used for testing and validation of the proposed algorithms. Simulation results show that the performance of the mode-based controller is robust and consistent across different residential load patterns.


Interest Rates and Their Relationship to New Loan Applications, New Home Construction, and Housing Prices Parth Punjabi, MBA and Michael McLain, DBA COMMENTARY Successfully Completing a Five-year MBA Program: Reflections Devin Hairston, MBA The Journal of Business and Finance Research Volume 3, Issue 2 Spring/Summer 2012


FEA (Finite Element Analysis) simulation was carried out to study the moisture absorption behavior in plastic BGA packages under various moisture pre-conditioning. The modeling details are presented and some typical results in moisture concentrations and weight gain are illustrated.


Superhydrophobic coatings with strong adhesion strength, high chemical stability and good self-cleaning function are fabricated by a new colloid assembly method. This method involves the utilizing of dual-sized particles to achieve a micro/nano structure, and an acidic silica sol to bond the particles with substrates. The resulting coating has a contact angle higher than 160° and a hysteresis angle of 2°, showing excellent superhydrophobic properties. The adhesion strength of the coating is proved to be strong according to the ASTM international standard. The smoothing effect of the bonders can be completely overcome by adjusting the ratios and sizes of the dual-sized silica particles. Because of its flexibility and simplicity, the present colloid assembly method may be suitable for large-scale coating.


The paper introduces a new very compact waveguide connector which contributes to the millimeter wave radar module minimization. The waveguide connector also eases the attaching and detaching treatments. The transmission loss of the connection part is measured with a WR-10 based prototype, and resulted in a less than 0.8 dB over W-band. Finally this connector is used in a radar module of 0.99 cm3 volume.


This paper deals with the validation of the concept of using virtual commissioning of the low-level industrial control systems to adjust PID controller settings. General hardware configurations and logical layers of the experimental setups, which were used during the experiments, are shown and described in details. It is shown how to determine the controller settings using pre-tuning and fine-tuning functionality, available in standard Siemens® Function Blocks Library, that have been launched in virtual commissioning environment. Comparison of the results is a basis to answer the question if the modern virtual commissioning tools currently used in industry have sufficient accuracy to be used as a master tool for the initial PID controller tuning. It is also important to know whether these systems are suitable for use as Industry 4.0 tools, as the simulation is one of its most important part. The first section in your paper


The lithium-cobalt oxide LixCoO2 is a promising candidate as highly active cathode material of lithium ion rechargeable batteries. The crystalline-layered lithium cobaltite has attracted increased attention due to recent discoveries of some extraordinary properties such as unconventional transport and magnetic properties. Due to layered crystal structure, Li contents (x) in LixCoO2 might play an important role on its interesting properties. LiCoO2 crystalline cathode material was prepared by using solid-state reaction synthesis, and then LixCoO2 (x<1) has been synthesized by deintercalation of produced single-phase powders. Structure and morphology of the synthesized powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared spectroscopy, Impedance analyzer etc. The influence of lithium composition (x) on structural, electronic and optical properties of lithium cobaltite was studied. Temperature dependent electrical resistivity was measured using four-probe technique. While LixCoO2 with x = 0.9 is a semiconductor, the highly Li-deficient phase (0.75 ≥ x ≥ 0.5) exhibits metallic conductivity. The ionic conductivity of LixCoO2 (x = 0.5 – 1.15) was measured using impedance spectroscopy and maximum conductivity of Li0.5CoO2 was found to be 6.5×10 -6 S/cm at 273 K. The properties that are important for applications, such as ionic conductivity, charge capacity, and optical absorption are observed to increase with Li deficiency.


The results of an experimental study of aerodynamic (surface velocity) and heat transfer distributions over the surfaces of two different, highly loaded, low-solidity contemporary turbine vane designs are presented. The aerodynamic configurations of the two vanes were carefully selected to emphasize fundamental differences in the character of the solution surface pressure distributions and the consequent effect on surface heat transfer distributions. The experimental measurements were made in moderate-temperature, three-vane cascades under steady-state conditions. The principal independent parameters (Mach number, Reynolds number, turbulence intensity, and wall-to-gas temperature ratio) were varied over ranges consistent with actual engine operation, and the heat matrix was structured to provide an assessment of the independent influence of each parameter. These measurements are intended to serve as verification data for a parallel analytical code development effort. The results of this parallel effort are briefly reviewed, and the principal conclusions to date are summarized.


As technology advances, microprocessors that integrate multiple cores on a single chip are becoming increasingly common. However, extracting independent threads for parallel execution is an extremely challenging task. Thread-Level Speculation (TLS) (4; 1; 2; 3; 5) provides hardware mechanisms necessary for optimistically parallelizing potentially dependent threads. However, the ubiquitous existence of complex, input-dependent control and data dependence patterns in general-purpose applications requires a collection of compiler optimizations that target a variety of code patterns to generate efficient parallel threads. In this paper, we propose, implement and evaluate three optimization techniques to improve TLS performance.


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to assess if the new community-enhanced rehabilitation team reduced anxiety and readmissions in service users discharged from an inpatient rehabilitation setting.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used both qualitative and quantitative methodology. Service user's anxiety level was measured before being discharged and at the end of the Community Enhanced Rehabilitation Team (CERT) transition intervention. Six service users were interviewed to gain further understanding of their experiences of anxiety.

Findings
Findings showed the anxiety score was significantly lower (M = 1.5, 95% CI [0.051,2.99], t(20) = 2.159, p = 0.043) following the CERT intervention (M = 8.6, SD = 6.4) compared to before (M = 10.1, SD = 7.0). No service user receiving the CERT intervention was readmitted to hospital within 12 weeks of discharge from the inpatient setting, compared to three service users (15% of those discharged) who were discharged to other community services.

Research limitations/implications
Community rehabilitation pathways would benefit from having interventions to aid patient transitions from inpatient to the community. The National Health Service (NHS) trusts develop community rehabilitation teams as recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), and they should consider including transitional support as part of their model.

Practical implications
It is recommended that as NHS trusts design and implement community mental health teams, they should consider including transition support as part of their model.

Social implications
People with severe and enduring mental health difficulties who have been in an inpatient rehabilitation setting would benefit from community transitional support. This study suggests that such support helps reduce anxiety and readmission.

Originality/value
Community rehabilitation teams are currently being developed across the NHS as part of the NHS long-term plan. These teams are new, and as such, there is a dearth of information regarding their effectiveness. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is one of the first studies to evaluate outcomes in these new teams.


We introduce a two-parameter (β0 and β1) Gibbsian probability model to characterize the spatial behavior of channel networks. This model is defined for trees draining basins on a square lattice. The probability of a tree s is proportional to exp [−β0H(s, β1)[, where H(s,β1) is taken to be a summation over lattice points ν in the basin of A(ν, s)β1, letting A(ν, s) be the area upstream from (but not including) point ν. Procedures are developed for estimating the parameters given an actual network obtained, for example, from digital elevation data and for using bootstrapping to obtain confidence intervals for these estimates. We also develop several goodness of fit tests for the model. These procedures are applied to a set of data for 50 subnetworks from Willow Creek in Montana. The estimation algorithm converged successfully for 34 of these subnetworks. For these 34 subnetworks the two-parameter model gives in most cases a fit significantly better than a one-parameter model (with β1constrained to be 1) studied in a previous paper. There is still, however, statistically significant lack of fit for as many as 13 subnetworks (depending on which test is applied). The parameter β1 averages 0.75 for the 34 subnetworks. The function H(s, β1) in the Gibbsian model may be given a statistical mechanical interpretation of "energy" associated with a configuration s. Other researchers have employed a similar definition of energy expenditure in drainage systems but have given physical arguments that the exponent β1 should be 0.50. We finally discuss the idea of defining "optimal channel networks" as those which minimize free energy in the Gibbsian model; it is shown that minimization of energy (rather than free energy) as other researchers have proposed is valid only under the assumption of a "low temperature" (i.e., large β0) system. Our results indicate that this assumption would not be justified for Willow Creek. We devote some discussion to the discrepancies between our approach and results and those of other researchers.


This study addressed four tasks: (1) identify satellite-addressable information infrastructure markets; (2) perform network analysis for space-based information infrastructure; (3) develop conceptual architectures; and (4) economic assessment of architectures. The report concludes that satellites will have a major role in the national and global information infrastructure, requiring seamless integration between terrestrial and satellite networks. The proposed LEO, MEO, and GEO satellite systems have satellite characteristics that vary widely. They include delay, delay variations, poorer link quality and beam/satellite handover. The barriers against seamless interoperability between satellite and terrestrial networks are discussed. These barriers are the lack of compatible parameters, standards and protocols, which are presently being evaluated and reduced.


Crowdsourcing has been widely used to efficiently obtain labeled datasets for supervised learning from large numbers of human resources at low cost. However, one of the technical challenges in obtaining high-quality results from crowdsourcing is dealing with the variability and bias caused by the fact that it is humans execute the work, and various studies have addressed this issue to improve the quality by integrating redundantly collected responses. In this study, we focus on the observation bias in crowdsourcing. Variations in the frequency of worker responses and the complexity of tasks occur, which may affect the aggregation results when they are correlated with the quality of the responses. We also propose statistical aggregation methods for crowdsourcing responses that are combined with an observational data bias removal method used in causal inference. Through experiments using both synthetic and real datasets with/without artificially injected spam and colluding workers, we verify that the proposed method improves the aggregation accuracy in the presence of strong observation biases and robustness to both spam and colluding workers.


Systematic study on the nature and process of SLA has had a history of more than 40 years,during which the research scope has been broadened,study methodology has been enriched.


Since RTM angle gathers based on wavefield decomposition or extended imaging condition are too computationally expensive to put into practice, the Poynting vector is very attractive for RTM angle gathers. However, it always suffer from instability and imprecision. One important reason for this is that the Poynting vector is composed by the time derivative and the space derivative. Both the two kinds of derivatives would be very low when the values of wavefield are large. So Poynting vectors of the dominant wavefield that do most contribution to the final image, are closing to zero, which means not stable and precise. In this paper, a scheme called time-lapse Poynting vector is proposed to improve the stability and precision of Poynting vectors. Poynting vectors are not computed simultaneously with the wavefield they describe, but several time steps later, when the derivatives get their first peak or nearby region. The method has been proved better than conventional scheme. Moreover, source wavefield reconstruction is used to reconstruct Poynting vectors for avoiding the immense storage and I/O time caused by RTM imaging condition.


We present our insights from the experience of creating a knowledge graph (KG) for the auditing domain. We discuss the main challenges in building such KG starting from text and unstructured data and present an overview of our solution. The proposed approach follows a standard pipeline when it first extracts entities from auditing documents and then finds relationships among them. However, the process is especially challenging because auditing entities are in most cases non-named entities, which are hard to model in the graph and to identify in text. From our experience, we finally derive a set of observations on the limits of automatic methods for the construction of audit KGs and a possible direction to address them.


Before 1993, a heritable cause of thrombophilia was detectable in a relatively small percentage (5% to 15%) of patients presenting with venous thromboembolism. Such abnormalities were confined to deficiencies of antithrombin, protein C, and protein S (1). However, the recent discovery of two prothrombotic mutations prevalent in white populations, the factor V Arg506Gln, or factor V Leiden, mutation (2) and the prothrombin G20210A mutation (3), has kindled renewed interest in this area of research. The factor V Leiden mutation causes resistance to activated protein C (4); both prothrombin antigen and activity are elevated by approximately 30% in heterozygotes with the prothrombin G20210A mutation compared with normal persons (3). Elevated plasma homocysteine levels also constitute a risk factor for venous as well as arterial thrombosis, sometimes on an inherited basis (5). One or more of these abnormalities, or the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (a lupus anticoagulant or elevated cardiolipin antibody titers), can be identified in a substantial percentage of patients presenting with a first episode of idiopathic venous thromboembolism (that is, venous thromboembolism in the absence of a triggering risk factor, such as surgery, immobilization, or active malignancy). However, with the exception of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (6), the available data do not indicate that most patients with defined thrombophilias should be managed any differently than patients without identifiable abnormalities. The following discussion will therefore focus on the question of who should be screened for hereditary and other thrombophilias and the implications of such a diagnosis on patient management. Is There a Rationale for Screening? Among unselected white patients presenting with an initial symptomatic episode of deep venous thrombosis, 12% to 20% will be heterozygous for the factor V Leiden mutation and 6% will be heterozygous for the prothrombin G20210A mutation, compared with 6% and 2%, respectively, of asymptomatic control populations (3, 7, 8). The relative and absolute risks for a first episode of deep venous thrombosis in persons carrying these abnormalities, along with the risk associated with oral contraceptive use, are shown in Table 1. The identification of either mutation in the setting of acute thrombosis does not alter the initial anticoagulant regimen. Similarly, the initial management of thrombotic patients with a diagnosis of one of the less common thrombophiliasdeficiencies of antithrombin, protein C, or protein Sis generally identical to that of patients without one of these defects. Also, these conditions can easily be misdiagnosed when testing is done in the acute setting. Therefore, it can be argued that there is little to be gained by immediate evaluation for the hereditary thrombophilias when patients present with their first thrombotic episodes. Table 1. Risks for and Incidence of a First Episode of Venous Thrombosis Standard therapy for patients with deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism typically includes anticoagulation with warfarin for 3 to 6 months, with the international normalized ratio maintained between 2 and 3. However, Prandoni and colleagues (12) found that in patients who presented with a first episode of symptomatic venous thromboembolism, the cumulative incidence of recurrent venous thrombosis after the cessation of initial therapy was 24.8% at 5 years and 30.3% at 8 years. Recurrences are less common when the initial event is associated with surgery or trauma. Other groups have shown that the recurrence rate is approximately 5% per year after standard therapy. However, a recent clinical trial in patients with a first episode of idiopathic venous thromboembolism (that is, thromboembolism without a major precipitating factor) found that persons randomly assigned to 3 months of anticoagulation had a much higher risk for recurrence (27% per patient-year) (13). Patients in that study who were randomly assigned to continue warfarin at an international normalized ratio of 2 to 3 experienced a 95% reduction in risk for recurrent venous thromboembolism. Testing for prothrombotic abnormalities would clearly be helpful if it identified patients who are particularly prone to recurrences and thus are candidates for long-term antithrombotic prophylaxis. Unfortunately, the data disagree on whether the recurrence risk is higher among patients with first episodes of venous thromboembolism associated with the factor V Leiden or prothrombin G20210A mutations than in those without a prothrombotic mutation (13-20). However, the risk for recurrence seems to be statistically significantly higher in the small subset of patients who are heterozygous for both mutations (21, 22). In other clinical settings, such as arterial thrombosis, the data are unclear about whether hereditary thrombophilia constitutes a risk factor. The ascertainment of thrombophilic genetic risk factors in these situations therefore often proves problematic because hereditary thrombophilia may be inappropriately interpreted as requiring anticoagulation, with its attendant bleeding risk, when it might not otherwise be prescribed. It is therefore advisable not to investigate for the hereditary thrombophilias in most patients who have only arterial thrombosis, particularly if they have other independent risk factors for arterial disease, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, or hyperlipidemia. Several arguments, however, can be advanced in favor of screening for the hereditary thrombophilias in appropriate patients with venous thromboembolism. These include the benefits, for both patient and treating physician, of an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism when a specific prothrombotic abnormality is identified. The discovery can benefit the patient's family by leading to the identification of other affected relatives. It also focuses attention on antithrombotic prophylaxis during temporary periods of increased thrombotic risk (for example, during surgery or immobilization). In women with the factor V Leiden or prothrombin G20210A mutations, oral contraceptive use and pregnancy increase the risk for venous thrombosis another fourfold to eightfold (10, 23). Women with these mutations are also at increased risk for venous thrombotic complications associated with hormone replacement therapy and, very likely, tamoxifen and selective estrogen-receptor modulators (24-27). In healthy older patients with idiopathic deep venous thrombosis, the identification of a hereditary prothrombotic abnormality helps mitigate concern about an underlying occult malignancy and minimize the resulting tendency to order expensive diagnostic tests. Several other coagulation abnormalities have been implicated as risk factors for venous thrombosis. In the Leiden Thrombophilia Study, 25% of patients with a first episode of venous thrombosis and 11% of healthy controls had a factor VIII coagulant activity level greater than 150% of normal (28) at least 3 months after completing treatment with an oral anticoagulant. Persons with factor VIII coagulant activity levels greater than 150% of normal had a 4.8-fold increased risk for venous thrombosis compared with persons whose levels of factor VIII coagulant activity were under 100% of normal. The increased factor VIII coagulant activity levels were not associated with elevations in levels of acute-phase reactants (29). Several other groups (30, 31) have confirmed that high levels of factor VIII coagulant activity are a risk factor for venous thrombosis, and Austrian investigators (32) recently reported that the probability of thrombosis recurrence at 2 years in persons with factor VIII coagulant activity levels greater than 234% of normal (the 90th percentile of the values for the study sample) was 37% (95% CI, 16% to 57%), compared with 5% (CI, 2% to 8%) in patients with levels less than 120% of normal. Corroborating studies will be required before routine measurement of factor VIII coagulant activity levels can be recommended in patients with a previous venous thrombotic event. Elevated antigenic levels of several other coagulation factors, including factor XI (33), factor IX (34), and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (35), also independently confer a significantly increased, albeit modest, risk for an initial episode of deep venous thrombosis. The mechanisms responsible for high levels of factor VIII coagulant activity and these other factors have yet to be explained, but family studies suggest that high factor VIII levels are often genetically determined (36). In the absence of the factor V Leiden mutation, a significantly increased risk for venous thrombosis is associated with a reduced sensitivity to activated protein C, as measured by a clotting assay that does not mix patient plasma with factor Vdeficient plasma (37). However, this risk is lower than that in carriers of the factor V Leiden mutation. This increased risk remains after adjustment for elevated levels of factor VIII coagulant activity and oral contraceptive use, both of which are known to lead to a reduced response to activated protein C. Most clinical laboratories test for activated protein C resistance by mixing patient plasma with factor Vdeficient plasma, a method that is highly sensitive and specific for the factor V Leiden mutation, or by using a genetic assay. Because commercially available assays for activated protein C resistance that do not mix the patient's plasma with factor Vdeficient plasma fail to replicate the performance characteristics of the assay used by de Visser and coworkers (37), such assays are not recommended as part of the laboratory evaluation. Several hemostatic gene polymorphisms besides factor V Leiden and the prothrombin G20210A mutation have been investigated as risk factors for venous or arterial thrombosis, but the data supporting


We present a two-step approach for migrating crosswell seismic reflection data. By performing crosswell migration in two distinct steps, VSP-CDP mapping followed by diffraction stacking in the mapped domain, noise events can be identified and filtered in the mapped domain without smearing effects commonly associated with conventional crosswell migration operator. Our specific implementation of the two-step migration algorithm maps the data using an estimate of the interwell velocity field and then performs diffraction stacking using a constant velocity assumption. Similar results with prestack Kirchhoff depth migration were obtained on synthetic data. After applying post-map migration to a mapped field data set better fault resolution was achieved.


OBJECTIVE
To detect the variations in peripheral blood levels of autoantibodies, immunoglobulilns and complements in patients with non-lactational mastitis and investigate whether non-lactational mastitis is an autoimmune disease with immune dysfunction.

METHODS
Seven-eight patients with non-lactational mastitis treated in our hospital between September 2013 and May 2015 and 88 healthy women (control) were examined for peripheral blood levels of antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-histone antibody (AHA), immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, and IgG) and complements (C3, C4, and total complements).

RESULTS
s Of the 78 patients with non-lactational mastitis, 50 (64.10%) were positive of ANA showing mainly the granular and cytoplasmic granular fluorescence patterns, and the positivity rate was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.000). Twenty-eight (36.00%) of the patients were positive of AHA, a rate significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.000). The levels of IgA, IgM, C4, and total complements levels were all significantly elevated in the patients compared with those in the control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION
Patients with non-lactational mastitis have abnormal changes in peripheral blood levels of immunoglobulins and complements with high positivity rates for ANA and AHA, indicating that non-lactational mastitis is an autoimmune disease with immune dysfunction.


The effect of co-doping Y3t and the doping concentration of Nd3t on the spectroscopic properties and laser performance of Nd:CaF2 crystals are investigated systematically. For a 0.5% Nd:CaF2 crystal, the emission lifetime at 1.06 μm increases from 18 to 361 μs by co-doping 10 at.% Y3t, while the emission cross section increases to 4.27 \times 10-20 cm2 at 1054 nm. With a 10 at.% doping concentration of Y3t, Nd; Y:CaF2 crystals concentrate emission bands that peak at 1054 nm with shoulders at 1063 nm, and FWHM at about 30 nm. A diode-pumped, highly efficient laser operation is obtained with 0.5% Nd, 10% Y:CaF2 and 0.6% Nd, 10% Y:CaF2 crystals, with slope efficiencies over 30% and 27%, respectively, and a maximum output power up to 901 mW.


A novel inhibitor of angiogenesis (Fuantai-03, FAT-03) was isolated and characterized fromDasyatis akajei, SDS-PAGE analysis and silver staining determined the purified FAT-03 as a single band at 43.0 kDa. Its puritywas also confirmed by the finding of a unique NH2-terminal amino acid sequence. To determine whether this proteinwas capable of inhibiting angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, migration assay was performed using a Transwell model with polycarbonate membrane; the effect of FAT-03 on the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) wasmeasured by MTT; apoptotic induction of HUVECs by rFAT-03 was determined by fluorescencemicroscopy and flowcytometry; the effects of FAT- 03 on angiogenesis in vivo were assayed in chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). Immunohistochemistry assay was used to analyzed the effect of FAT-03 on intratumoral microvessel density (iMVD). The results showed that the eluted chromatographic fractions at the accorded molecular weght demonstrated an anti-angiogenic activity. This study is the first demonstration that both the cartilage and soft tissues of Dasyat akajei can produce a inhibitor of angiogenesis having anMr of 43.0 kDa.


Objective To study the effects of monosodium glutamate on viability and fertility of filial generation Drosophila.Methods Different concentrations(15,30,45 g/L)of L,H,T monosodium glutamate(MSG)were added in the medium for wildtype Drosophila melanogaster,and the non-MSG medium was taken as the control group,3 pairs of Drosophilas in each bottle and 3 repeats in each group,the first and second filial generation adult Drosophila's eclosion time(growth period) and the number of offspring within 7 days(reproduction quantity),and the death count in 30 days of 20 Drosophilas were observed and recorded.Results Compared with the control group,the reproduction quantity of Drosophila significantly increased,the growth period shortened in the first filial generation in 15 g/L of T MSG group.As the MSG concentrations increased,the reproduction quantity reduced significantly,the survival rate of Drosophila in 30 days declined significantly.The reproduction quantity in second filial generation increased at the initial stage of exposure and then decreased as the MSG concentrations increased.Conclusion The results of the present paper indicates that low-dose of MSG may be the advantage for survival and reproduction of Drosophila,but high doses will produce adverse effects.


We present results on systematic measurements of strange and multi-strange particles with the STAR detector for center of mass energies per nucleon pair of 62.4 and 200 GeV in ultra-relativistic Au+Au collisions at RHIC. We use these results to characterize the chemical and kinetic freeze-out properties of the fireball produced by the collision. This is done by comparison to statistical and hydrodynamical models as well as parameterization. We emphasize particularly the energy dependence of these features comparing measurements obtained at RHIC with different energies but also at the lower energies available at the SPS.


The stereo-realization of a graph is the assignment of positions in Cartesian space to each of its vertices such that vertex density is bounded. A bound is derived on the average edge length in such a realization. It is similar to an earlier reported result, however the new bound can be applied to graphs for which the earlier result is not well suited. A more precise realization definition is also presented. The bound is applied to d-dimensional realizations of de Bruijn graphs, yielding an edge length of Ω((1−2−d)rn/d/(2n)), where r is the radix (number of distinct symbols) and n is the number of graph dimensions (number of symbol positions). The bound is also applied to shuffle-exchange graphs; for such graphs with small radix the edge-length bound is , where r is the radix, n is the number of graph dimensions, lσ is the average length of shuffle edges, and le is the average length of exchange edges.


Evidence implicating Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis has been increasing over the last 30 years, and this issue of Brain contains an article and correspondence addressing the issue of EBV infection in the brains of people with multiple sclerosis. To appreciate how EBV might contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis, it is necessary to understand some key aspects of EBV infection.

EBV is a human herpesvirus with the unique ability to infect, activate and persist in latent form in B lymphocytes for the duration of the infected individual's lifetime. The virus infects naive B cells, driving them out of the resting state into proliferating lymphoblasts and exploiting the normal pathways of B cell differentiation so that the B blasts become memory cells (Thorley-Lawson and Gross, 2004). In normal B cell differentiation, naive B cells are activated by antigen through the B cell receptor, and by CD4+ T cell help through the CD40 receptor, so that they proliferate and progress through a germinal centre reaction in lymphoid follicles to become antigen-specific memory B cells. Remarkably, EBV expresses two proteins, latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) and LMP1, which mimic the antigen-activated B cell receptor and the activated CD40 receptor, respectively (Mancao and Hammerschmidt, 2007; Rastelli et al. , 2008). These drive naive B cells through a germinal centre reaction, independent of antigen and T cell help, to become latently infected memory B cells (Thorley-Lawson and Gross, 2004). Terminal differentiation of the latter into plasma cells initiates the lytic replicative cycle of EBV with the production of infectious virus (Laichalk and Thorley-Lawson, 2005). EBV is normally kept under tight control by EBV-specific immune responses, especially cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes that eliminate proliferating and lytically infected B cells (Hislop et al. , 2007). In the developing …


Oxovanadium(IV) complexes with salicylaldoxime, o-vanilline oxime, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldoxime, 2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldoxime and 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldoxime were synthesized. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, electric conductivity measurement, infrared spectrometry, electronic spectrometry, mass spectrometry, and thermal analysis. The results of elemental analysis were well coincided with the theoretical values. The values of molar conductance of the complexes in DMF implicated that the complexes were non-electrolyte. The characteristic stretching frequency of V=O appeared strong band in the range of All the complexes showed two d-d transition in visible spectra and two charge transfer transitions in ultraviolet spectra. Results of mass spectrometry of indicated two peaks corresponding to vanadium containing ion(I) of 1 : 2(metal to ligand) chelate and a fragment ion(II) of 1 : 1 chelate due to loss of ligand radical from ion(I). The thermal analysis showed the endothermic peak due to the thermal decomposition.


This report sets out the observations made at the various quarry sites on the Hopetoun Estates, West Lothian, Scotland and comments on the current status of the quarries and their geological context and summarises knowledge of the historical use of stone from these sources. Based upon this reconnaissance the report offers preliminary opinion on the potential for reopening one or more sandstone quarries and possible options for open new workings.


Syntax in foreign language instruction is a neglected area. Most textbooks distribute small portions of syntactic information without continuity throughout the lessons, but in the appendices that usually provide immense summaries of morphology, an overview of syntax is either completely absent or sketchy at best. Students are therefore denied an insight into the function of morphology within syntactic patterns; yet these patterns themselves ultimately supply the indispensible context and natural cohesion of the language. In part, the difficulty to describe syntax in elementary textbooks is due to the overlap of syntactic frames that recur in a variety of constructions. Syntactic analysis is further hampered by the lack of consistent definitions (e.g., what is a subordinate clause?) and pedagogically sound terminology ("dependent" or "subordinate" clause?). Some traditional concepts, such as "normal or regular" versus "inverted word order" are too cumbersome and vague to be of pedagogical value. While syntactic analysis in textbooks has benefitted in many instances from methods and findings of linguistics, several scientifically indispensible distinctions and techniques can be a burden for the beginning learner. One might ask, for example, if concepts such as "prefleld, inner field," etc. have indeed increased our students' understanding and use of German sentences.


The invention relates to a medicament for treating Parkinson's diseases and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of the traditional Chinese medicine. The medicament for treating Parkinson's diseases comprises culture materials of Chinese caterpillar fungus, wherein the culture materials comprise the extract liquid of the raw material medicaments of portions by weight: 12 to 15 portions of red sage root, 8 to 12 portions of earth-worm, 10 to 12 portions of angelica dahurica, 5 to 15 portions of dendrobe, 10 to 15 portions of eucommia bark, 12 to 18 portions of hoantchy root, 5 to 8 portions of chaff flower root, 15 to 25 portions of gardenia, 10 to 12 portions of boxthorn root, 12 to 15 portions of cynanchum paniculatum, 10 to 16 portions of viscum album, 8 to 12 portions of bugleweed and 1.5 to 3 percent of red yeast rice wine. The medicament treats Parkinson's diseases according to the disease symptom and the causes of diseases simultaneously and achieves the effects on completely treating the diseases by improving the metabolic capability of tissue recovery and the immunity of body organs of a patient as well as fast relieving the symptom of the patient. The patient has no dependency on the medicament. The medicament is prepared from the Chinese caterpillar fungus through submerged fermentation, thus the cost of the medicament is reduced.


T he appropriate management of ankle fractures in older patients has long been the subject of debate for a number of reasons, including (but not limited to) the overall risks associated with treating elderly patients and the wide spectrum of injuries. Yet the results of some recent studies suggest that surgical intervention may result in better functional outcomes than previously believed. Comparing Complication Rates At the 2007 annual meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) in San Diego, Kenneth J. Koval, MD, and his colleagues presented the results of their study on complication rates related to operative or nonoperative treatment of ankle fractures in the elderly. (See Koval et al., 2007.) The results of their study revealed that surgically treating ankle fractures in elderly patients resulted in lower rates of mortality but higher rates of rehospitalization compared with conservative treatment. However, the overall complication rate and need for revision surgery were low, regardless of treatment. The study was based on an analysis of a 20% sample of Medicare Part B claims for the years 1998 through C O N T E N T S


Two-dimensional device simulation is used to accurately predict both static and dynamic triggering conditions for CMOS latchup. Excellent agreement is obtained with experimental results for static trigger currents that cannot be modeled using lumped element approaches. For the first time, full transient two-dimensional simulation is performed to obtain a dynamic triggering threshold.


Publisher Summary This chapter discusses nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate as mediators of organic nitrate action and formation of nitric oxide from organic nitrates in cell-free systems. Organic nitrates have been classified as prodrugs releasing the pharmacologically active metabolite nitric oxide. Although several different pathways have been suggested, recent evidence points to a cytochrome P450 system playing an important role in the process of enzymatic nitric oxide generation from organic nitrates. The chapter attempts to answer some unanswered questions such as, "Is cytochrome P450 relevant for the action of organic nitrates in vivo ?" and "Is cytochrome P450 involved in nitrate tolerance?" Although there is considerable evidence that cytochrome P450 mediates nitric oxide formation from organic nitrates in vitro , the relevance of this pathway in vivo has still to be determined. It is possible to restore nitric oxide production and inhibit intimal hyperplasia in endothelium-denuded rat carotid arteries by in vivo transfer of the endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase gene. This finding suggests nitric oxide synthase to be a potential target for gene therapy in disease states such as atherosclerosis or restenosis following balloon angioplasty.


The objective was to verify the effects of intervention with physical and mental exercises (PMED) and noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) on cognition and dementia of frail elderly people with mild cognitive deficits. Sixty elderly people (aged 65–80 years) were divided into three groups, an experimental group (GAE) that received intervention with PMED plus NIBS, a control group for physical exercises (GCA), which received only the PMED, and the third also control non‐invasive brain stimulation group (GCF) that practiced only the NIBS intervention. The three types of intervention lasted 10 weeks, with 60 min per session The GAE received 20 min of NIBS, 5 min for warm‐up, 30 min for physical and mental training and 5 min for a cooling down rest. The other two groups had the same period per section, being that the GCA, in place of the real NIBS, had 20 min of white noise and the GCF, instead of practicing the real plan of physical exercises as did the other groups, experienced 30 min of relaxing exercises for body relaxation. Inhibitory control, working memory, dementia symptoms, and the brainwaves alpha‐band rhythm and resting‐state sensorimotor rhythm [SMR]) were the variables evaluated before and after the interventions. Individuals in the GAE group showed improvement in working memory (p < 0.0001), but those in the GCF (p > 0.05) and the GCA (p > 0.05) groups did not. All groups experienced an improvement in inhibitory control, alpha‐band rhythm and in the SMR rhythms. All groups also obtained a reduction in the dementia symptoms, but no difference between groups was observed. So, the interventions improved cognition, reduced dementia symptoms, and had a modulating effect on alpha wave activity and SMR in elderly people with mild cognitive deficits and frailty, but only the combined intervention (PMED plus NIBS) improved working memory.


Citation Imprialos K, Stavropoulos K, Doumas M, Sfikas G, Koumaras Ch, Katsiki N, Athyros V G. Is non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in lean people a risk factor for liver or cardiovascular disease? Hell J Atheroscler 2017; 8: 110-120 SUBMISSION: 27/12/2017 | ACCEPTANCE: 12/02/2018 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is commonly diagnosed in obese or overweight individuals. However, lean individuals with NAFLD represent one notable part of the phenotypic clinical cases of NAFLD. Current evidence suggests that lean and obese patients with NAFLD share different metabolic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profiles. Lean NAFLD and its advanced form non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), need further investigation including epidemiology, clinical risk assessment, liver histological changes, genetic and pathophysiologic predisposing mechanisms, natural history, relation to CVD risk, and treatment strategies in this population with this under-recognized disease. However, to the extent it induces hepatic fibrosis (50% of the cases of NASH) this is as harmful as NAFLD in obese individuals and needs treatment with pioglitazone and potent statin for the reduction of liver and CVD morbidity and mortality.


This communication presents the CFHTLS Strong Lensing Legacy Survey (SL2S). Thanks to the unsurpassed combined depth, area and image quality of the Canada-France-Hawaii Legacy Survey it is becoming possible to uncover a large statistically well-defined sample of strong gravitational lenses which spans the dark halo mass spectrum predicted by the concordance model from galaxy to cluster haloes. We describe the innovative technical efforts concerning the development of several automated procedures to find strong lenses of various mass regimes in CFHTLS images. A preliminary sample of 40 strong lensing candidates has been discovered in the CFHTLS T0002 release covering an effective field of view of 28 deg. These strong lensing systems consist mainly of gravitational arc systems with splitting angles between 2 and 15 arcsec. Interestingly, this sample shows that it is possible to uncover for the first time a large population of strong lenses from galaxy groups with typical halo mass of about 1013h−1M⊙. The SL2S project main scientific aims are (i) to determine the dark matter halo mass spectrum (ii) to constrain the dark matter halo evolution (iii) and to quantify their influence on galaxy and galaxy-group formation and evolution.


For the last twenty years, the subject of "laltdand people in Assyria" has been broached a number of times by different specialists of the Neo-Assyrian period, always in regard to a set of wide-ranging issues of the socio-economic history of the N,eo-Assyrian empire. Essentially, these issues concerned (1) the ownership of the land and specifically the relation between a well-attested, territorially vast private property in the rural sector and the alleged possession of al1 the land by the king and (2) the social and economic status of those mentioned in the texts as actually at work on the land, but rarely if at all ranged among the proprietors . While often at variance in their conclusions, these studies shared by and large a specific and not particularly extensive range of data on the rural sector in Neo-Assyrian times, drawn from legal, administrative, and epistolary documents of the age. The handicap constituted by the lack of a comprehensive survey and collection of the textual information relevant to this crucial sector of the Neo-Assyrian economy was often remarked upon, although few concrete measures were taken to deal with the matter. The present study is meant to provide an analytical survey leading through the collection of NA epigraphical materials pertaining to the rural landscape: in other words, while a complete catalogue of the data on this subject is beyond our scope, completeness in itemization on such data will be attempted, providing as ample a choice


It cannot be denied that nowadays information is a very important asset for any modern organization. Therefore protecting its security is very important and becoming a top priority for many organizations. Unfortunately there is no single formula that can guarantee 100% of information security. Therefore there is a need for a set of benchmarks or standards to ensure the best security practices are adopted and an adequate level of security is attained. In this paper, authors introduce various information security standards briefly and then provide a comparative study for major information security standards, namely ISO27001, BS 7799, PCIDSS, ITIL and COBIT. The study will provide a picture of the position and specialization of each standard, adoption by countries and their


The article suggests a CUSUM‐type test for time‐varying parameters in a recently proposed spatial autoregressive model for stock returns and derives its asymptotic null distribution as well as local power properties. As can be seen from Euro Stoxx 50 returns, a combination of spatial modelling and change point tests might allow for superior risk forecasts in portfolio management.


For lack of systematic isotopic study,the study of the origin of Yanshanian granitoids in eastern Inner Mongolia has been focused on their petrology and geochemistry,which leads to controversial views on the origin.There are mainly three views,all of which emphasize that the Yanshanian magmatic rocks originated from mixing of mantle and crust.The authors restudied the origin of the Yanshanian granitoids in the area by using the Nd,Sr and Pb isotope methods.The study shows that all the granitoids have positive e Nd (t)values,ranging from+0.75to+8.12with an average of+3.07,which indicates that they are genetically associated with the depleted mantle.The whole-rock initial Sr ratios range from0.7028to0.7096,with an average of0.7063,being intermediately between that(0.702-0.706)of MORB(0.706-0.718)of continental crust,but close to that of MORB.The initial lead ratios of the granitoids are 206 Pb/ 204 Pb,207 Pb/ 204 Pb and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb,with their respective averages of18.3742,15.5500and38.1810,all of which are higher.Theμ value calculated from the K-feldspar lead isotope ratios ranges from9.51to8.91,which is lower than the isochronic evolution line(μ =9.74)of the continent crust.Based on the above data,With Combination of the isotopic study of magmatic rocks in the Hinggan-Mongolia-northern Xinjiang region(a Late Paleozoic geosyncline)adjacent to the study area,the authors think that the Yanshanian granitic magma may have originated from partial melting of the depleted mantle and partial melting of the late Variscan paleo-Mongolian ocean crust derived from the depleted mantle in the area,i.e.the ultimate source of the Yanshanian granitic magma in the area is the depleted mantle.Therefore,a"three-step"evolutional model is brought forward,that is the evolution model of depleted mantle–the ancient Mongolian ocean crust–the marginal continental rejuvenation.


PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify constraints and possibilities to develop a value-based leadership in manufacturing using storytelling as a co-creative method and process.Design/meth ...


Splanchnic nerve block(SNP) is performed to relieve intractable upper abdominal cancer pain. Boas, in a technique using fluoroscopy, was the first to note the difference between transcrural celiac plexus block and retrocrural splanchnic nerve block(SNB). We have experienced 10 cases of SNB at the T12 level under control of fluoroscopy. Our results support this approach as an effective method for upper abdominal cancer pain control.


The results of cyclic, differential pulse and square wave voltammetric studies of four ferrocene derivatives, i.e., 4-ferrocenyl-3-methyl aniline (FMA), 3-Chloro-4-ferrocenyl aniline (CFA), 4-ferrocenyl aniline (FA) and ferrocenyl benzoic acid (FBA) on carbon electrode, revealed that the redox behavior of these compounds is sensitive to pH, concentration, scan number and scan rate. One electron, diffusion controlled, with a quasi-reversible redox signal displaying ferrocene/ferrocenium couple was observed for each of the studied ferrocenyl derivatives. Quasi-reversibility of this signal is evidenced by ∆Ep, Ia/Ic current ratio and ksh values. Another one electron and one proton irreversible oxidation signal was noticed in the voltammograms of these compounds except FBA. This signal corresponds to the electro-oxidation of the amine group and its irreversibility, as supported by ∆Ep, Ia/Ic current ratio and ksh values, is due to the influence of the electron donating nature of the amine group. A number of electrochemical parameters such as D, ksh, LOD and LOQ were evaluated for the targeted ferrocene derivatives. The obtained parameters are expected to provide insights into the redox mechanism for understanding their biochemical actions. The electrochemistry presented in this work is done using a unique environmentally benign and cost-effective droplet electrochemical approach.


SIR—Despite the use of noninvasive ventilation such as nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) or high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), some infants with respiratory failure due to bronchiolitis require invasive mechanical ventilation (1). The optimal respiratory strategy to transfer those infants to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) may be challenging for interhospital transport teams (2). We report the use of high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) as well as conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) during interhospital transport of severe bronchiolitis infants. We reviewed infants requiring invasive ventilation for severe bronchiolitis transported by our mobile emergency medical service between January 2012 and June 2014. A total of 32 infants with a median age of 26 days (interquartile range 8–151 days), a median postmenstrual age of 41 weeks (37–56), and a mean weight of 2746 684 g were transported. Fourteen of these infants were born preterm. Respiratory supports at time of referral were nCPAP for 14 infants and HFNC for 16. Two infants were already managed with HFOV and were transferred for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy. Invasive ventilation was introduced because of severe hypoxemic respiratory failure (FiO2 > 50% to achieve SpO2 > 90%) or hypercapnia (pH < 7.25 and PaCO2 > 10 kPa) irrespective of the type of noninvasive support or impaired consciousness. Mechanical ventilation was delivered with a Leoni Plus (Heinen + Lowenstein, Bad Ems, Germany) in a pressure controlled mode or in HFOV. All infants were initially ventilated on CMV, and according to clinician judgment, six were changed to HFOV. Frequency was started between 12 and 15 Hz with an I : E ratio of 0.5. Mean airway pressure was set to 2 cmH2O above the last value set during conventional ventilation. Peak to peak pressure amplitude was started at a value where chests movements could be visually detected, and adjusted to transcutaneous CO2 monitoring. Ventilator settings, SpO2, blood gases when available, and oxygen saturation index (OSI) during transport and at arrival in PICU were described in Table 1. Seven infants required volume expansion beyond 30 ml kg 1 and dopamine support. No infant was paralyzed. No critical event, including pneumothorax, was recorded during transport. Median time of invasive ventilation in PICU was 101 h (35–380 h). Bacterial co-infection was diagnosed in 15 infants. One infant, initially described


Since its breakout, the coronavirus (covid-19) has wreaked devastation all over the world. There hasn't been a nation that hasn't been affected by it, and India is no exception. Finding a treatment for this sickness and stopping its spread is one of the hardest problems humanities has ever faced. World Health organization (WHO) figures show that the mortality rate and the number of people with covid-19 are both increased exponentially in some countries during the peak waves. In this study, we use machine learning approaches to forecast the number of covid-19 confirmations, recoveries, and mortality cases over a period of time and assess the coronavirus outbreak in India. The polynomial regression (PR), support vector regression (SVR), and an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model are three techniques that are used. The findings demonstrate that, in terms of prediction outcomes, the ARIMA model provides the least Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), closely followed by polynomial regression. SVR doesn't perform well since predictions are either too low or too high. Overall, the proposed system can significantly aid in comprehending the pattern of spread in other nations and assist governmental bodies in taking action to lessen its effects in future.


The denitration of nitric acid with formaldehyde is an efficient method for decreasing and eliminating the nitric acid content in waste water along with recovery of nitrogen oxides leaving no added reagent behind. Due to rapid reaction rate the stoichiometric ratios of the reaction rather than reaction rates are needed for practical application. The reaction of formaldehyde with nitric acid has been studied at temp. in a semi-batch reactor and obtained an equation, to determine the denitration ratios which is effective over the nitric acid conc. of 1.5-13M. The relative errors between calculated values of ratios and the experimental data obtained for continuous reaction at temps have been found less than 4% and 7% respectively. Also the absorption of gas by nitric acid prior to denitration has contributed to a substantial reduction of induction period of the reaction.


Background: The theater market has matured – supply now exceeds demand. Government funds are on a decrease, replaced by other means of financing. The city of Stockholm will be introducing a bonus s ...


The use of modern family planning is tremendously influenced by certain factors eitherpositively or negatively. Lanre (2011) contend that community norms could determineindividual childbearing preferences, sexual or reproductive behavior especially asregards family planning. In spite of the overall increase in the use of modern familyplanning method globally, family planning prevalence is said to be low in Nigeriaparticularly in the North. Researches on associated factors identified the relativepowerlessness of women, household poverty, low level of education, myths and rumorsabout modern contraceptive methods, parity, pronatalist attitudes, and widespreadpreference for male children, early marriages and early initiation of sexual activity havecontributed significantly to the high fertility and subsequent higher prevalence ofmaternal and fetal complications particularly in Northern Nigeria. However, delving intosome specific socio-demographic correlates would reveal the true nature of demographicresponse of culturally differentiated groups in the North for proper policy intervention,hence the need for a research amongst women in Kaura Local Government. The studyadopted both quantitative and qualitative method where data was collected from 208respondents and the multi-stage sampling was used in the selection of sample elements.Four (4) KIIs and FGDs respectively, were also conducted with both males and femalesto ascertain women responses. Simple percentage table and logistic regression were usedin data presentation. The study revealed that religion, denomination, culture and malepartners played positive roles in the manner family planning is accepted and used bywomen in Kaura local government. Finally, stakeholders should direct attention insustaining the current positive disposition of women in the area particularly towardmodern family planning method.


The purposes of this research were to understand and analyze the behavior of the psychological bias experienced by investors in making investment decisions. Psychological bias experienced by investors led to wrong decision making and fatal losses. This research used qualitative interpretive phenomenology method to understand the phenomenon of decision making based on the perspective of investors. The result showed that: (1) The phenomenon of cognitive bias and psychological bias behavior occur in nearly all informants, (2) The Psychology bias could be divided by two types, namely: expected emotion bias behavior and immediate emotion bias behavior, (3) experience, knowledge of the capital markets and the management of good emotions determine the level of psychological stability and reduce bias behavior that could be raising the return. Keyword: Cognitive bias, Psychological bias, Decision Making Behavior, Qualitative


The Hezhen nationality, with a population of 4,245, mainly settles in the counties of Tongjiang, Fuyuan and Raohe in Heilongjiang Province near the Heilongjiang, Songhuajiang and Wusulijiang rivers.The Hezhen is the only minority nationality in northern China that lives on fishing and uses dog-pulled sleds as its primary mode of transportation.Hezhen men and women are good at fishing. No matter in the harsh winter or the hot summer, they can be seen fishing on the water. The melodious Song of Boats on the Wusulijiang is famous throughout China.The Hezhen cannot live without fish. On the table, fish always serves as the main course; the roe of fish is the gift sent to the new-bom. Wutiti (fish leather clothes) are unique to the Hezhen. The Hezhen people scale the fish and dry it and then sew the fish skin into jackets and trousers, decorated with cloud designs.The Hezhen have their own language but no written script. Most Hezhen use mandarin Chinese.The Hezhen believe in Samanism and believe everything in the world hasa soul.The Hezhen have a rich legacy of music, fine arts and folk stories. Among them, the most popular is the Yimakan, a genre of art consisting mainly of talking and singing.