The invention relates to a surface chemico-thermal treatment method for mechanical parts and equipment used by the surface chemico-thermal treatment method. The equipment comprises a material feeding and storing platform, a front washing machine, a pre-oxidizing furnace, a heating furnace, a rotary health carburizing furnace, a rotary bottom type diffusion furnace, a quenching cooling furnace, a quenching heat insulating chamber, a quenching oil tank, a rear washing machine, a low-temperature tempering furnace, an air cooling platform and a discharging platform. The devices are relatively independent, and integrally connected with transmission mechanisms to achieve the production technology of feeding material and preparing material-primarily washing-pre-oxidizing- heating-carburizin-diffusing-cooling-preserving temperature-quenching-finally washing-tempering-cooling with air-discharging and storing material. According to the devices, the forcible carburizing and diffusing in the carburizing technology are decomposed and individually carried out through an individual forcible carburizing chamber and an individual diffusion chamber, and the forcible carburizing and diffusing are combined based on different processing times, so that the requirements on mass production of the same furnaces different in requirements on layer depth and different in materials and parts are achieved; and the efficiency of the equipment is exerted to the maximum.


Land subsidence is related to the increase of effective stresses in geological media. This work aims to propose a numerical model to simulate land subsidence and related fissuring caused by the reduction of the piezometric levels due to pumping. The proposed model includes different geological features that affect the groundwater flow patterns, such as faults as well as hydraulic and geomechanical anisotropy related to stratigraphic variations. The methodology consists in establishing a 3-D hydraulic model used for interpreting pumping tests in geological setting with the features described above. Then, using the finite element Aster Code, integrate variations of transmissivities caused by local stratigraphy and incorporate elasto-plastic behaviour in a 2-D simulation of deformation. Our results suggest that when subsidence occurs, not only the superficial compressible geological deposits should be considered but the sum of the whole sequence affected by piezometric level variations. We demonstrate that the local and regional faulting control the pattern of piezometric variations.


Summary There are two groups of southern African lakes, a southern group made up of the Wilderness lakes and a north-eastern group comprising lakes on the Natal, Zululand and southern Mocambique coastal plain. Bathymetric maps are presented for representative lakes of these two series. There appear to be three types of lakes with respect to origin. Most of the lakes represent drowned valleys associated with river systems. Evidence is presented to show that St Lucia, although 1 to 2 m deep at present, was originally much deeper. The narrow coastal lakes of southern Mocambique are interpreted as low-lying land inundated as a result of rise in sea-level. The third type of lake is typified by Rondevlei at Wilderness; this lake apparently originated as a deflation basin.


This paper presents a strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm based on Bayes with decision graphs, which incorporates the probabilistic model of Bayesian network into multi-objective evolutionary algorithms. The suggested algorithm replaces some genetic operators such as crossover and mutation in traditional evolutionary algorithms by building and learning Bayesian networks, which avoids setting a lot of parameters manually and destroying some important building blocks. The empirical results on the multi-objective knapsack problem show that above algorithm is able to converge on the better Pareto front quickly and has a strong robustness.


The shift of power from specialist services to the primary care teams has forced the former to examine the value of their hallowed traditions. In psychiatry, and geriatric medicine, the catchment area is a favoured restrictive practice, enabling demand to be regulated to suit the resources of each team. It is time to decide whether this is a practice to be defended and retained or whether, like many other restrictive practices, it is harmful to the consumer.


FIELD: textiles, paper. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to a method and device of preliminary forming textile preform (48). The method comprises the operations: placing the textile, and the textile comprises at least two layers (12, 16) of at least partially located one above the other fibres and/or woven to each other fibres and/or bundles of fibres, textile fibres fixation together and then cutting the textile. And textile fibres fixation comprises a step of irradiating with the laser beam (34), so that the fusible binder of the textile only locally melts and does not evaporate. It is also provided that the textile fibres fixation is carried out along the fixation line (36), the cutting is carried out along the cutting line (46). Moreover, the fixation line (36) has such short distance to the cutting line (46) that fringing of the textile is prevented or suppressed. The device of preliminary forming the textile preform (48) comprises the corresponding nodes for the implementation of the method operations according to the invention and the laser control unit (32). EFFECT: preventing the torn edges of the textile preforms. 18 cl, 2 dwg


The RA Resonator technique is a highly accurate methodology for measurement of uniaxial anisotropic dielectric constants in planar substrates. This work is a discussion of measurement accuracy and a comprehensive quantitative error analysis of the technique. As detailed error analysis is a long and repetitive task, a software package is developed which substantially automates the process.


DECLINES IN SUPPORT for basic research by the federal government and by industry raise serious questions about the ability of the U.S. to remain competitive in a rapidly changing world. This is one of the conclusions from the latest "Science & Engineering Indicators" report from the National Science Board (NSB), the policy-making body for the National Science Foundation. "These indicators come at an important time," NSB Chairman Steven C. Beering said at a Jan. 15 press briefing on the report. "The confluence of a range of indicators raises key questions about future U.S. high-technology industry's competitiveness in international markets and implications for highly skilled jobs at home." The indicators report is a massive collection of data on all areas that impact R&D conducted by universities, industry, and government. Major sections of this year's report provide data on science and technology education, the scientific labor force, international R&D trends, and public understanding of science. NSB memb...


The Impact of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of March 17, 1921 on the Formation of Local Governments in the Second Polish Republic

This article was written in connection with the 100th anniversary of the enactment of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 17 March 1921 (the March Constitution). First, it presents the systemic assumptions of the Constitution, relating to local government, and then shows its impact on the formation of local governments in the Second Polish Republic. It describes the challenges and difficulties that accompanied attempts to pass local government laws in line with the spirit of the March Constitution. It presents an outline is given of the legal bases for the organisation of local governments in Poland and their activities during the entire interwar period (1918–1939). It also draws attention to changes in approach that those in power took towards the role of local government which followed the May coup in 1926 and were introduced in the Act of 23 March 1933 on the partial change of the local government system, and in the Constitution of 23 April 1935 (the April Constitution).


This article deals with the influence of international law in the chilean domestic system through case-law. This work analyses that influence in diverse branches of law from criminal law and human rights abuses to indigenous rights, rights of children, and free trade agreements under the framework of WTO-GATT.


The human genome has various genomic regions that can create a large number of transcripts. RNAs that can function as both mRNA and noncoding RNA (lncRNA/snoRNA/miRNA) are known as bifunctional RNAs, or bifRNAs. BifRNAs have been detected in everything from microorganisms to humans. Cells may accurately modify the functions of the coding and noncoding regions of bifRNAs to satisfy relevant regulatory needs. However, it has not been thoroughly investigated whether the same gene locus may produce two types of functional nc transcripts, such as lncRNAs and miRNAs. These "bifunctional nc RNAs" are the topic of this review. This evaluation contained all the current information regarding LncMIRHGs. Some LINC MONOMER transcripts have not been proven to be "junk" according to this functional and mechanistic research. It is possible that the lncMIRHG locus makes both functional miRNAs and lncRNAs, some of which can act together and others of which may act independently. The data gathered via research by the NEAT1 organization also indicates that miRNA may function as a "pseudoRNA," with lncRNA produced from the lncMIRHG gene locus serving as the lead. A significant amount of focus on this class of lncRNAs must be given since the beauty of the lncMIRHG loci, which control these putative dual functions as lncRNA and miRNA, strongly recommends that we should do so. LincMIRHGs are utilized in a broad number of tasks, including those seen in disorders like cancer. It will be useful for medicine creation and development to have a full understanding of this lncRNA repertoire's mechanisms.


It was hypothesised that large rotary dairies (>60 clusters) are not more operator efficient than medium-sized rotaries (40–60 clusters). This was tested by collecting and analysing milking data, during peak and late lactation, from block calving herds milked in rotary dairies fitted with electronic milk meters. Data were collected from a total of 61 unique farms around New Zealand, with rotary dairies ranging in size from 28 to 80 clusters, for two 5-day periods during spring (September–November 2010; 47 farms; average milk yield 23.1 kg/day) and autumn (February–April 2011; 60 farms; average milk yield 16.4 kg/day). A telephone survey was conducted to collect basic farm details: size, land area, the number of herds managed (including hospital herds), number of operators in the dairy and total labour input. A site visit was conducted to collect data such as the number of bails/stalls over the entrance and exit of the platform. The herd management software on each farm was programmed to record similar fields for each of the six machine manufacturers represented. Variables recorded included cow, date, identification time, bail number, milk yield, milking duration, and average milk flow rate. Calculations were performed to determine the number of cows milked and milk harvested per hour as well as the operator efficiency values for these measures and an estimate of cluster utilisation. Mixed models were used to determine the relationship between the dependent variables, cows milked per hour, milk harvested per hour, cows milked per operator per hour, milk harvested per operator per hour, and cluster utilisation, and the independent variables collected. Cows milked and milk harvested per hour increased linearly with rotary size, during both spring and autumn and there was a quadratic relationship between operator efficiency measures and rotary size, which peaked at ~60 clusters. Cluster utilisation, the amount of time clusters were harvesting milk out of the plant running time, was estimated at 46 ± 6%. Larger rotary dairies on average achieved greater throughput; however, they were not more operator efficient than medium-sized rotaries. Thus, large rotary dairies are best suited to farms where the additional throughput is required.


For the personalized learning, a good testing method, which can effectively estimate a learner's proficiency, is required. In this paper, we propose a novel testing method, Bayesian network-based approach to Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT). Our novel approach can estimate proficiency of the examinee effectively and efficiently because it reflects complicated relationships between all items and their categories, and can estimate detailed proficiency about each specific category. In experimental results, we show that our approach can improve accuracy and speed of estimating examinee's proficiency as compared with classical testing methods like paper-based test and conventional IRT-based CAT.


This study proposes a method for determining the boundaries of the Brussels metropolitan area. The method is inspired by a review of the criteria used by national statistical agencies in several countries and based on a limited set of simple and easily available statistical indicators. We define the Brussels metropolitan area as a group of municipalities that are densely populated or have a major concentration of jobs and exhibit a strong functional interdependence with the Brussels region, i.e., a high rate of commuting trips toward this region. According to this census-based definition, the Brussels metropolitan area included a constant core of 31 municipalities in both 1991 and 2001. An additional municipality was included in the metropolitan area in 1991 but not in 2001 , indicating a small shrinking in its overall size.


The complexity of successive interference cancellation at the receiver's end is a challenging issue in conventional non-orthogonal multiple access assisted massive wireless networks. The computational complexity of decoding increases exponentially with the number of users. Further, under realistic channel conditions, a synchronous non-orthogonal multiple access scheme is impractical in the uplink device-to-device communications. In this paper, an asynchronous non-orthogonal multiple access-based cyclic triangular successive interference cancellation scheme is proposed for a massive device-to-device network. The proposed scheme reduces the decoding complexity, energy consumption, and bit error rate of a superimposed signal received in an outband device-to-device network. More specifically, the scheme follows three consecutive stages; optimization, decoding, and re- transmission. In the optimization stage, a dual Lagrangian objective function is defined to maximize the number of data symbols decoded at the receiver by determining an optimal interference cancellation triangle, under the co-channel interference and data rate constraints. In the decoding stage, the data in the optimal interference cancellation triangle is decoded using a conventional triangular successive interference cancellation technique. Next, the remaining users' data are decoded in sequential iterations of the proposed scheme, using the retransmissions from such users. Utilizing the successive interference cancellation characteristics, the performance of the proposed device-to-device network is defined in terms of energy efficiency, bit error rate, computational complexity, and decoding delay metrics. Moreover, the performance of the proposed decoding scheme is compared with the conventional triangular successive interference cancellation decoding scheme to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme.


Context Aberrant CD4+ T cell function plays a critical role in the process of Graves' disease (GD). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of T cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production. However, the contribution of miRNAs to CD4+ T cell dysfunction in GD remains unclear. Objective To investigate how certain miRNA causes aberrant CD4+ T cell function in GD patients. Methods We compared the expression pattern of miRNAs in CD4+ T cells from untreated GD (UGD) patients with those from healthy controls. The most significantly dysregulated miRNAs were selected and their correlations with clinical parameters were analyzed. The effect of miR-4443 on CD4+ T cells cytokines production and proliferation was assessed. The potential gene target was identified and validated. Results GD patients had unique pattern of miRNA expression profile in CD4+ T cells comparing to healthy subjects. miR-10a, miR-125b, and miR-4443 were the three most significantly dysregulated miRNAs. The elevated miR-4443 levels were strongly correlated with clinical parameters in an independent dataset of UGD patients (N = 40), while miR-4443 was normally expressed in GD patients with euthyroidism and negative TRAb level. We found that miR-4443 directly inhibited TNFR-associated factor (TRAF) 4 expression to increase CD4+ T cells cytokines secretion as well as proliferation through the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, the TRAF4 levels in GD patients were inversely correlated with miR-4443, and knocking down TRAF4 had a similar effect with miR-4443 overexpression. Conclusion The increased expression of miR-4443 induced CD4+ T cells dysfunction by targeting TRAF4, which may cause GD.


The liner shipping network design problem (LSNDP) is to construct a set of cyclic services (routes) to form a capacitated network for the transport of containerized cargo. The network design maxi-mizes the revenue of container transport considering the cost of vessels deployed to services, overall fuel consumption, port call costs and cargo handling costs. The liner shipping industry transports about 60% of the value of seaborne trade and inherently the lead time for a container transport incurs an inventory cost to the shipper. Therefore, the transit time of a container transport is an important parameter for a competitive liner shipping network. Literature on the LSNDP is quite scarce [3] compared to related maritime shipping transportation problems, but recent years showed increased interest in the LSNDP (Agarwal and Ergun [1], Alvarez [2], Reinhardt and Pisinger [7], Brouer et al. [3], Plum et al. [6]). Research on the LSNDP has focused on maximizing revenue through efficient capacity utilization and minimization of cost. A reference model for the LSNDP and a benchmark suite of liner shipping network instances was introduced by Brouer et al. [3]. The benchmark instances for the LSNDP without transit time restrictions have been solved by a heuristic column generator using a MIP to construct new routes in Brouer et al. [3] and by a composite matheuristic in Brouer et al. [4]. In the present work we will extend the matheuristic presented in Brouer et al. [4], which combines a greedy construction heuristic with an improvement heuristic fine tuning the current solution by


The invention discloses a transformer insulation paper with high heatproof grade. The transformer insulation paper is prepared from the following raw materials by weight part: 0.6-0.7 of a silane coupling agent kh550, 6-8 of mica, 1-1.5 of glycine, 0.3-0.4 of a silane coupling agent kh570, 0.1-0.2 of an emulsifier OP-10, 0.2-0.3 of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 2-3 of E44 epoxy resin, 0.3-0.5 of cerium stearate, and 500-550 of a pulp board, 3.4-4 of pectin fiber, 0.3-0.4 of an anti-aging agent MB, 1.2-1.6 of nano boron nitride, 0.3-0.5 of lead tungstate, and a proper amount of deionized water. The transformer insulation paper provided by the invention has the advantages of simple preparation method, wide raw materials, low production cost, high heatproof grade, and good stability, can be produced in large scale, and is worthy of promotion.


MINIMIZING THE RISK of infection by community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has become a major concern. CA-MRSA infections result from different and more virulent strains of Staphylococcus aureus than those responsible for healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) infections. Since first reported to infect athletes in 1993,1 CA-MRSA infections have been documented in wrestling, rugby, football, baseball, basketball, canoeing, fencing, soccer, volleyball , and weight lifting, and team outbreaks have occurred at the high school, collegiate, and professional levels.2 Although managed with relative ease if treated early, CA-MRSA accounted for 12% of all serious (i.e., fatal and near-fatal) MRSA infections in 2007, and its prevalence has increased by double-digits each of the past several years.3,4 Athletes are particularly susceptible to acquiring and/or sharing CA-MRSA due to the frequency of intentional or incidental skin-to-skin contact, disruption of the skin's integrity, and the sharing of items on and off the field. Approximately 30% of all individuals are "carriers" of CA-MRSA on the skin or in the nose, which means that these individuals can "share" the bacteria with others. CA-MRSA that is "shared" enters the body by means of any open wound. Because 60-80% of CAStaph aureus is methicillin resistant,5 preventing the spread of Staph aureus in the athletic setting has become a high priority. Although many sources provide general information about prevention of CA-MRSA,6-11 athletic trainers may still be left wondering how to apply these recommendations in an athletic setting. The purpose of this report is to provide clinicians with practical recommendations to prevent CA-MRSA infections in the athletic setting. It does not address identification or management of CA-MRSA infections.


Deficiency diseases rela^DERN w?rkers engaged in the study of tli^ i^tions of fauity food to disease are emphatic ano!leir view that f?od is oi Param?UnT we enco, lrl causation of disease. In n kinri ^er deficiency diseases of almos derm xerophthalmia, night-blindness, phiyno_ ism ben"beri, nutritional oedema, 1< Y an?^ia, scurvy, rickets, osteomalacia, titisa?ra' vesical calculus, goitre, Morten Parts ^ certain skin diseases. In the n?


ABSTRACT Continuing studies of high-resolution dipmeter data suggest that dipmeter patterns can be used to identify at least three different major depositional environments. Dipmeter patterns differentiate sediments deposited (1) in the neritic environment between beaches and the seaward edge of the continental shelf, (2) on the slope between the outer edge of the shelf and the abyssal zone, and (3) near active deltas where distributary front sands may accumulate. Distributary front sands tend to be deposited in one of three general shapes: (1) elongate, (2) crescent, or (3) fan. Dipmeter patterns in distributary front deposits are manily influenced by current-induced cross-stratification rather than structural dips. These "current patterns" record the dip of foreset beds, giving a characteristic dip pattern that can be readily identified. The direction of dip in these current patterns defines the direction of transport, and the magnitude of the dip indicates the probable shape of the sand body.


Technological developments have spread among the community, including children. Currently, not a few children have and are good at operating gadgets. Gadgets can have a positive and negative impact on children. Because it is necessary for parents to provide direction to children so as not to be affected by the negative impact of gadgets by using effective communication patterns. Communication patterns are needed to analyze how the picture of communication that occurs between parents and children as active gadget users. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative accompanied by in-depth interviews (in-depth interviews) in collecting the data needed for research. The results of this study were obtained through analysis of the recap of the results of indepth interviews with each informant. It is shown that indeed every parent has their own way of educating their children, especially in playing gadgets. Obtained from 5 families (Mother and Child), 1 family that applies permissive communication patterns, 2 families that apply democratic communication patterns and 2 families that apply authoritarian communication patterns.


Soils are a complex mixture with a variety of mineralogical, chemical, biological and physical properties, which can be explored within forensic case work. This study aimed to apply energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic techniques to discriminate soil samples collected in southern Brazil in a forensic context. Four replicates of soil were collected at four sites: two sites from the same parent material (claystone) and two other sites from limestone and granite/gneiss respectively. The physical and chemical (organic and mineral composition) and spectroscopic techniques (EDXRF and FTIR) produced 16 quantitative variables from only 2 g of sample. The main results from a forensic context were the separation of the soils collected from close neighbourhoods developed on the same parent material and the separation of soils collected in the A and B horizons of the same soil profile. The highest degree of similarity in the clustering of samples collected at the same site was 98.6% (B horizon in claystone domain). In addition to the parent material, the effect of organic matter on the chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the A horizon was important in the grouping dynamics of samples. This work demonstrated the potential of spectroscopic techniques in a forensic context.


The worldwide expansion in future to 74 years for ladies, while the middle age of the menopause stays at 51 years, implies that an expanding number of ladies will live a critical bit of their grown-up lives in the menopause. The WHI distributions in 2003/4 wrote about the perils of chemical substitution treatment, specifically concerning bosom malignant growth and dementia hazard. This brought about a sensational decrease in chemical substitution treatment remedy and use. Nonetheless, the discoveries from the WHI contemplates have been reassessed, and the new point of view is reflected in the direction distributed by NICE in 2015 in which they suggested that more ladies be offered chemical substitution treatment as the advantages are currently seen to exceed the dangers for most ladies. Nonetheless, debate keeps on encompassing chemical substitution treatment, and there are presumably couple of territories in medication where the abuse of wording creates very as much turmoil as in chemical substitution treatment. Ordinarily utilized terms, for example, 'menopausal chemical treatment' and 'chemical substitution treatment' need explicitness and there is a pressing requirement for right phrasing to precisely portray the chemicals supplanted.


Public works is a vast arena of activities within any public organization and, although most county governments do not have to manage all of the varied activities, the need to properly manage those assigned is paramount. Today, I wish to bring to your attention several components of public works management that are fundamental to being a successful leader/manager. They are not all inclusive, but they are the basis for all managing. The five fundamental functions of any manager are Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing and Con trolling. Every manager should get things done through other people. When the manager ceases to accomplish his responsibilities through his staff, he ceases to be a manager. I realize that at many times this is difficult, but the fact remains. There is a quote from Alice in Wonderland which reads as follows: "Would you tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here?" said Alice. "That depends a good deal on where you want to go to," said the cat. "I don't much care where," said Alice. "Then it doesn't matter which way you go," replied the cat. This quote suggests that where you as a city/county employee want to go makes a great deal of difference in terms of what you do. You cannot plan, organize or manage your time effectively, until you have identified and set your objectives. Consider also that the term objective can and should be used interchangeably with the terms motive and expective. However, before we can consider objectives, motives and expective, we must have goals.


The purpose of this communication is to present new results concerning velocity fields within the enclosure and close to the openings of a ventilated room with a buoyant turbulent 2D plume originating at its bottom. The enclosure is ventilated through lower and upper openings located on the two opposed vertical walls and separated by a vertical distance H. Depending on the enclosure geometry and forced plume characteristics, this situation can drive different kinds of flow regimes (blocked, intermediate and displacement) through the lower and upper openings. Three flow regimes are successively studied by adjusting a new densitometric Froude number related to the source flow rate, the densities inside and outside the enclosure and the area of the upper opening. When , buoyancy forces are larger than inertial forces and the displacement regime is then observed. In cases where inertial forces are larger than buoyancy forces then and the intermediate or blocked regimes are involved and forced convection dominates. Results of velocity fields measured by 2D PIV in the mid plane of the enclosure are presented for the three regimes. By using velocity and temperature measurements performed at the nozzle and at the lower and upper openings in seven x–y planes located at z/l=0, ±1/8, ±1/4, ±3/8, balance of mass flow rate is verified and heat loss by conduction through the walls is evaluated for the three studied regimes.


Combined with the negative meaning of Physics formula,the significance of the negative in physics is discussed and a richer world of physics is displayed in this paper.


Vehicle-to-Everything Communication (V2X) is a technology that allows a vehicle to communicate with different entities of the traffic system. These entities include other vehicles (V2V), pedestrians (V2P), infrastructure like traffic signals (V2I) and application servers (V2N). V2X applications can transform existing transportation systems into Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) that will provide intelligent services such as autonomous driving, collision warning, traffic regulation and infotainment. IEEE 802.11p Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) based radio access has laid the foundation for V2X communication. It defines enhancements to IEEE 802.11 to support ITS applications. IEEE 802.11p allows vehicles to communicate their state, such as position and speed, to surrounding entities. However, though IEEE 802.11p gives acceptable performance in sparse networks, its performance deteriorates drastically in dense and high load conditions. In dense networks, the probability of collision of data packets increases significantly thereby reducing throughput and increasing delays. Cellular V2X is the use of cellular radio access technologies like LTE for V2X. It has been shown that LTE V2X provides better performance in different network conditions and provides better mobility support than IEEE 802.11p. It is also suitable for most of the use cases of V2X. In this study, we have done systematic literature review of LTE and IEEE 802.11p based V2X. We present a technical overview of LTE V2X and describe a few important use cases. We also present a comparison of LTE V2X with IEEE 802.11p and highlight the benefits of using LTE for V2X.


With regard to three PV systems with inverter,in this paper,the principle of implementing MPPT control is firstly analyzed.Secondly,the constraint conditions of their MPPT implementation are found out.On the basis of them,a MPPT control method is proposed for one of PV systems with inverter.Finally,some simulated experiments are conducted and experimental results verify that,the constraint condition is correct,and the proposed MPPT method is feasible and available.


Abstract A new process for the production of synthetic rutile which includes high temperature alkali roasting process and the ensuing hydrometallurgical leaching steps has been developed. It was found that the various complex phases of Na–Ti–Fe–Al–REE formed during roasting reaction were responsible for the removal of impurities. Evidences for selective separation are presented based on the chemical (X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, atomic absorption) and microstructural analysis (SEM, EDX) of roasted mass and leached product. The paper highlights the various physical inorganic and thermodynamic aspects of reaction equilibrium in Fe–Ti–O–Na system, and the effect of Eh–pH diagram in determining the pH required for better removal of iron and sodium. The efficiency of selective separation is reported based on chemicals analysis of the materials derived after leaching.


In this paper we present a manually annotated corpus of electroencephalographic signals with emotions induced through videos and news headlines. The corpus, named SEEG-BUAP, has been constructed using 40 persons to whom a video has been shown, expecting to trigger some kind of emotion such as "happiness", "sadness", etc. We expect that the dataset constructed, will be freely available for further use in the construction of classification models for automatic detection of basic human emotions employing electroencephalographic signals.


Thank you very much for reading dentofacial deformities surgical orthodontic correction. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their favorite novels like this dentofacial deformities surgical orthodontic correction, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious bugs inside their computer.


This study is aimed to decribe whether or not there is any effectiveness of using visual dictionary in improving students' vocabulary mastery at the seventh grade student of SMP N 2 Kutowinangun in the academic year 2014/2015.  In learning English, the students have to master vocabulary because vocabulary is important and support the mastery of four basic languange skill; listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The result of the research revealed that the mean score of control group was 74.88 fell in good category. The mean score of experimental group was 81 fell in excellent category. Thus, the result shows that the use of visual dictionary in improving students vocabulary mastery at the seventh grade students of SMP N 2 Kutowinangun in the academic year 2014/2015 is effective. It can be proved by the level of significance of t-test based on the computation of SPSS 16.00 shows that the t-value -5.18, and the Sig. (2-tailed) is 0.000 at the 95% confidence interval of  the differences. It is significance because the Sig. (2-tailed) is lower that 0.05 (0.000<0.05). Based on the result, it means that the hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. Keywords: Visual Dictionay, Vocabulary Mastery


The paper overviews the development trend of mobile communication satellite systeminvolved with increasing the functions of synchronous satellite, developing the combined system ofsynchronous and asynchronous satellite, and adopting low orbit satellite system. Meanwhile, the con-cept of optical inter-satellite link low orbit satellite system is described in brief.


The input to Maximum pairs Directed Steiner network (MDS) problem is an undirected graph G(V,E) and a collection of pairs {si, ti}. The goal is to direct all edges of E, namely, give them one of the possible directions so that the maximum possible number of pairs is covered. In our second problem we assume all pairs can be covered but edges have costs. We assume that exist an orientation of part of the edges covering of all pairs. We want to select a min-cost set E′ ⊆ E and orient it to a directed graph G(V,A) such that all pairs are covered and the cost is minimum. This problem is called the Minimum cost all pairs directed Steiner (MADS) problem. We give a ratio 4 approximation, namely, a solution covering all pairs and having cost at most 4 ·opt where opt is the minimum cost to cover all pairs. In the generalized MADS we have a (possibly zero) demand du,v for every u, v ∈ V ×V and the goal is to orient subset of the edges so that there are duv pairs between every u, v and the cost is minimum. We show some small inherent advantage of the uniform costs assumption in one aspect. We show that since the c(u, v) = c(v, u) there always exists a solution covering at least du,v/2 paths from u to v at cost at most 2opt. If the demands and costs are symmetric as well, namely, d(u,v) = d(v,u) for every u, v, we are able to cover all pairs in full demand, and get a ratio 2 for the cost. The demand d, s, t cover problem is given an edge weighted graph G(V,E) a demand d and two vertices s, t to orient part of the edges into a set A so that in G(V,A) there are k vertex-disjoint directed paths from s to t and k vertex disjoint paths from t, s and the cost is minimum. We give a polynomial time solution for this problem. We also discuss several additional observations.


Proteinuria is a common manifestation of Glomerular disease which may or may not be accompanied by haematuria and renal impairement. We conducted a prospective study to asses the value of renal biopsy, complications and the type of renal pathology at the department of Medicine HMC, Peshawar from Sepetember 1998 to 2001. One hundred (100) patients having significant proteinuria, confirmed on 24 hours urinary protein urinary estimation underwent ultrasound guided renal biopsy. Intially tru cut needles were used but later on monopty gun was used. There were 70 male patients (70%) and 30 female patients (30%); the mean age at present was 29.5 years (range 10 - 90 years). All patients tolerated the procedure well and there were no failure. The common complications noted were pain at biopsy site in 15 patients (15%), gross haematuria in 10 patients (10%). None of the patients needed blood transfusion or prolonged hospitalization. Nephrotic syndrome was the most common indication for biopsy followed by lupus nephritis and interstitial nephritis. Among the nephrotic patients, minimal change disease and post infectious glomerulonephritis (GN) were the commonest findings in patients below the age of 25 years, membrano - proliferative GN ranked first in adults while membranous GN and amyloidosis were more common in the elderly. We concluded that renal biopsy is associated with an acceptably low rate of complications in our practice and that the pattern of renal histology varies slightly from those reported from other countires.


Preliminary results of the magnetic observations made on the portion of the cruise from New York to Falmouth were published in the weekly periodical, Nature, for October 28, 1909. We can now give a summary of the chief results obtained for the entire cruise covering about 8,000 nautical miles and extending over the period from September 1, 1909, to February 13, 1910. The ports visited were Gardiner's Bay, Long Island; St. John's, Newfoundland; Falmouth, England; Funchal, Madeira; and the Bermudas, whence the vessel returned to Brooklyn, New York. The cruise will be found charted in red on Plate II.


Cable Discharge Event (CDE) has been the main cause which damages the Ethernet interface. The transmission line pulsing (TLP) system has been the most important method to observe electric characteristics of the device under human-body-model (HBM) ESD stress. In this work, the long-pulse transmission line pulsing (LP-TLP) system is proposed to simulate the influence of CDE on the Ethernet integrated circuits, and the results are compared with conventional 100-ns TLP system. The experimental results have shown that the CDE robustness of NMOS device in a 0.25-μm CMOS technology is much worse than its HBM electrostatic discharge robustness.


A a system on-chip architecture performing the task of moving object detection and labeling in video data is proposed in the paper. The solution involves task partitioning between the microprocessor-bound software and the dedicated hardware coprocessor. A detailed description of the system is given, along with the analysis of the hardware/software decomposition process. A summary of the resources used for the implementation and the projections of system performance are also given in the paper. The resulting solution can be applied either as a standalone smart camera solution or a part of a bigger system.


Josephus's thirty volumes (more consulted than read) are considered the ultimate reference work for Judaism in the Graeco-Roman period. Even the more sceptical, who would wish to read between the lines, must often resort to arbitrary techniques because it is not apparent where the 'lines' are. This volume of essays by seven prominent scholars-John Barclay, Per Bilde, Steve Mason, Tessa Rajak, Joseph Sievers, Paul Spilsbury and Gregory E. Sterling-is another step in the effort to change the way we look at this most famous/notorious ancient Jewish historian. It introduces him as a rational being, a first-century author, and a thinker, with his own literary and social contexts-on the premise that he is worth trying to understand. Three essays deal with his Jewish Antiquities, two with Against Apion, and two with the larger themes of afterlife and apocalyptic in his writings. An up-to-date assessment of Josephus and his modern scholarly interpreters, for expert and non-expert alike.


Capacity building is a familiar term. But what does it mean in a particular context, and can it be measured? This challenge was faced by the WA Local Government Association in exploring more inclusive methods of evaluating the RoadWise Program, with the aim of better reflecting the role of community road safety in the safe system framework. Following extensive research and consultation, members of the RoadWise community road safety network were invited to participate in a survey which examined the following five key capacity building domains: Participation and community ownership; Opportunities for leadership; Community structures - with a focus on the health and functioning of RoadWise Committees; Access to resources for effective road safety activity; and Strengthened individual skills. The results of the survey provided benchmarks, in each domain, for the RoadWise Program along with opportunities to address any gaps in delivery. Overall, the findings revealed a healthy, functioning and enthusiastic road safety network. Members of the network firmly believing they can make a difference, utilising the tools and programs offered for road safety action at a local level. This process has helped redefine the activity of the RoadWise Program and value the role of community capacity building. It has given capacity building shape as a framework for future planning and delivery. Language: en


I am very honored to be a recipient of the Southern Agricultural Economics Association's Lifetime Achievement Award and to be included among current and prior recipients of this award. When Dr. Cramer telephoned to inform that I was one of this year's award winners, he indicated I might view presentations "of earlier award recipients" in the Journal (JAAE) to gain perspective on a topic for my address or I could discuss agricultural transportation, my research orientation for 25 years. After viewing earlier addresses by recipients over recent years, I was most impressed with the presentations and the mountain of wisdom that had been offered regarding our profession and related matters. It was at this point I decided to talk about transportation rather than repeat many of the notions offered by earlier recipients. Accordingly, my presentation will focus on transportation economics from the perspective of an agricultural economist. I view myself as an agricultural economist who has focused much of my research career on transportation issues that have affected agriculture.


Abstract : A new approximate theory for wave propagation in a periodically-layered elastic body is proposed. The theory is based on microstructural theories of elasticity, and makes use of a collocation technique in conjunction with the exact solution for wave propagation in an unbounded elastic body. The results are in excellent agreement with the exact solution. The new theory is considered to hold considerable promise for formulating approximate solutions to boundary-initial value problems for composite bodies. (Author)


Nitrogen regulation of the relationship between plant height and tillering and panicle structure occurs at different developmental stages through integration of the synthesis and distribution of multiple phytohormones.


All patients in this study were referred to the Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China, for orthodontic consultation between 2004 and 2014. Nolla's method was utilized to determine each patient's dental age.15,16 A tooth with only one-third (stage 7) or two-thirds (stage 8) of its root formation was assigned to the early dental-age group; a tooth with an almost complete root but an open apex (stage 9), or with a complete apical end (stage 10), was assigned to the late dental-age group. Orthodontic traction was successful in extruding 12 of the 13 early-stage DIs in our sample, with no need for root-canal therapy or apicectomy. On the other hand, eight of the 15 DIs in the late group had to be extracted due to crowding or severe crown-root angulations. A a dilacerated incisor (DI) is rarely encountered, such an anomaly makes it particularly demanding to restore facial esthetics. Treatment requires a well-synchronized, multidisciplinary approach.1 Among all the modalities targeting impacted and dilacerated upper incisors—including extraction followed by space closure or a fixed bridge,2 surgical repositioning,3 autotransplantation,4,5 apicectomy with root-canal therapy,6,7 and surgical exposure followed by orthodontic traction8-13—the last is the most widely used. Because labially impacted upper central incisors still have some potential for further root development,14 however, early orthodontic intervention is advisable. This article compares the results of orthodontic traction in a series of patients presenting with DIs in the early and later stages of dental root formation.


In order to provide the data source for the research of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(InSAR) system,a novel InSAR simulator was studied,which consisted of the Raw Signal Level (RSL),the Single-look-complex Image Level(SIL),and the Interferometric Phase Level(IPL).This simulator could be applied to the Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)/InSAR data simulation of both spaceborne and airborne.A new model of complex backscattering coefficients for the InSAR data simulation was presented and validated.Furthermore the implementation details of the multilevel simulator were discussed.For the RSL,a new model with higher computation efficiency to generate the radar echo was proposed,benefitting from the symmetry of the signal generation,the multi-core technique of CPU and many-core technique of Graphic Processing Units(GPU).For the image level,an efficient approach to create single-look image pair was presented.For the IPL,a reasonable noise model related to geometric decorrelation was also proposed.Some meaningful results by the novel simulator verified the theoretical analysis.


The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of grass covering on soil fertility in orchard and output and quality of apple. The results show that grass covering can effectively stabilize soil temperature, and conserve and improve soil moisture; lower soil bulk weight and improve soil physical characters; improve soil fortility and nutrient condition of fruit trees; and enhance the yield and quality of apple.


SUMMARY An historical treatment of a number of principal events is given. This leads to an assessment of the current research approach in hydrobiology and its success in the development of process orientated ecosystem component models. With the contemporaneous development of similar models in hydrodynamics it is possible to link the two disciplines into an interactive framework. The recent work in the Hartbeespoort Dam project, Lake le Roux and Burrinjack Reservoir, Western Australia shows how valuable this approach has become, particularly as regards defining, with greater precision, the effects of variation in stability in the uppermixed layer of reservoirs upon the accumulation and dispersion of algal communities.


Being able to play games in early years is very important for the development of children. Even though, children with physical disabilities encounter several obstacles that exclude them from engaging in many popular games. In particular, children with severe motor disabilities that rely on one-switch interfaces for accessing electronic devices find dynamic video games completely unplayable. In this paper we present the development and evaluation of GNomon: a framework, based on the NOMON interaction modality, that enables the creation of dynamic one-switch games for children with severe motor disabilities. The framework was designed following a series of guidelines elicited in close collaboration with a team of speech therapists, physiotherapists and psychologists from one of the Local Health Agencies in Turin, Italy. Likewise, three mini games were developed for testing the playability of GNomon-based games. Finally, we conducted a series of trials with 8 children with severe motor disabilities assisted by the health agency, in which we found that all of them enjoyed playing the GNomon-based mini games and that 7 of them were able to interact and play autonomously.


Aim:  Recently indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) has drawn considerable attention as a mechanism of immune regulation. Our study was to observe the role of IDO in immune tolerance of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), so as to provide a novel approach for reestablishment of active immunity.


Introduction Extreme Oncoplastic Breast Conservation Surgery (EOBCS) is offered in selected patients with multifocal or multicentric breast cancer (MFMC). Recent evidence has suggested that EOBCS may be a valuable resource for patients with MFMC who may avoid the risk associated with mastectomy in favour of the benefits of breast conservation without risking their oncological outcomes. Our study examined the practice of EOBCS in two regional breast units in Glasgow, United Kingdom. Materials and Methods A prospectively collected database of 50 patients treated with EOBC in two breast units in Glasgow between 2007 and 2018 were evaluated, and clinical outcomes were observed. Results Fifty patients (median age 55) underwent EOBCS, of which 43 (86%) had invasive disease. Median tumour size was 55mm (50–90) and multifocal disease was identified in 22 (44%) patients. Nine patients (18%) were found to have positive margins and underwent a second procedure, with 6 (12%) proceeding to mastectomy. Five-year disease free survival rate was 91.5%, while cancer-specific survival was 95.7%. Conclusion EOBCS is oncologically safe in short-term follow-up. Large scale studies are required to confirm these preliminary results, in order to offer EOBCS as a valid option to patients with advanced or multifocal breast cancer.


Minimal residual disease (MRD) is an independent predictor of relapse risk for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL). The aim of study to investigate impact MRD by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction before (day –21) andat +30 ± 10, +60 ± 10, +100 ± 10, +180 ± 10, +365 ± 10 days after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and PCR-chimerismon transplant outcomes children with ALL. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Councilof the Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology (Republic of Belarus). Fifty one patientswith ALL underwent allogeneic transplantation in remission (period 12.2010–12.2017, median follow-up 2,8 years). 3-years eventfreesurvival (EFS) and cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) were 71.6 ± 17.1% and 14.3 ± 14.3% respectively for patients (n = 7)with pre-transplant MRD < 10 -4 and 0% (n = 4, p = 0.0046) and 50.0 ± 29.2% (p = 0.3111) respectively for MRD ≥ 10 -4 . After HSCT(n = 29) 3-years EFS and CIR were 22.2 ± 13.9% and 66.7 ± 18.1% respectively for recipients (n = 9) with MRD ≥ 10 -4 at leastin one analyzed point. In comparison, patients with MRD < 10 -4 at all points (n = 20) had EFS and CIR 70.0 ± 10.2% (p = 0.0172)(HR = 12.3; 95% CI: 2.33–64.87; p = 0.0031), and 5.0±5.0% (p = 0.0004) (HR = 50.7; 2.5–97.5% CI: 1.60–1608.56; p = 0.0260)respectively. Patients with mixed chimerism at least in one analyzed point since day +30 to +365 hadn't significant differences OS,EFS, CIR but were worse (57.1%, 40.0% and 50.0% respectively) in comparison full chimerism patients (79.5% (p = 0.248), 71.4%(p = 0.072) and 20.0% (p = 0.070) respectively). MRD is significant predictor of relapse risk for childhood ALL at time of HSCT.MRD < 10 -4 patients have significantly better EFS and CIR in comparison MRD ≥ 10 -4 patients before and after HSCT.


In a recent paper, Al-Sarkhi and Hanratty examined the influence of a drag-reducing polymer on air-water annular flows in a 9.53 cm pipeline. This paper describes similar studies in a 2.54 cm pipe, for which the annular flow has different characteristics and for which the friction factors assume larger values in air-water systems. Both studies show a maximum drag reduction that is accompanied (in most cases) by a change to a stratified flow for which the concentration of drops in the gas phase is zero or close to zero, and for which the friction factor is about 1.5 times what would be observed for air flowing alone. The amount of drag reduction, therefore, depends on the magnitude of the friction factor for the air-water flow. Drag reductions up to 63% were observed in the 2.54 cm pipe. This is to be compared with the 48% previously achieved in the 9.54 cm pipe. Larger concentrations of polymer are needed to obtain maximum drag reduction in the smaller pipe.


Although trust is an underdeveloped concept in sociology, promising theoretical formulations are available in the recent work of Luhmann and Barber. This sociological version complements the psychological and attitudinal conceptualizations of experimental and survey researchers. Trust is seen to include both emotional and cognitive dimensions and to function as a deep assumption underwriting social order. Contemporary examples such as lying, family exchange, monetary attitudes, and litigation illustrate the centrality of trust as a sociological reality. In recent years, sociologists have begun to treat trust as a sociological topic (e.g., Conviser; Garfinkel; Haas and Deseran; Henslin; Holzner; Strub and Priest; Weigert,a,b). Indeed, two short and powerful books, Niklas Luhmann's Trust and Pauoer (1979) and Bernard Barber's The Logic and Limits of Trust (1983), have placed trust at the center of sociological theorizing about contemporary society. Nevertheless, we agree with Luhmann's lament that there is a "regrettably sparse literature which has trust as its main theme within sociology" (8). There is a large quantity of research on trust by experimental psychologists and political scientists, which, however, appears theoretically unintegrated and incomplete from the standpoint of a sociology of trust. These researchers typically conceptualize trust as a psychological event within the individual rather than as an intersubjective or systemic social reality. They also tend to use methodological approaches that reduce trust to its cognitive content through psychometric scaling techniques or to its behavioral expressions in laboratory settings. Luhmann and Barber, on the other hand, present trust as an irreducible and multidimiensional so


This study sought to investigate the trends and impact of unemployment on economic growth in South Africa using quarterly data over the period 1994Q1 to 2016Q4. The Auto Regressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) bounds test approach is applied to determine the existence of the long run linkage among the variables. The results from the ARDL model suggest that there is a long run relationship between unemployment and economic growth. The empirical results obtained confirmed that there is a negative relationship between unemployment and economic growth both in the long and short run.


918,158. Drying apparatus. FARBENFABRIKEN BAYER A.G. March 8, 1961 [March 16, 1960], No. 8522/61. Class 34 (2). Apparatus for evaporating volatile constituents from plastic, elastic and viscous materials consists of a trough-like housing 1 with evaporation apertures 7 that has on its heated wall 10 two pairs of heatable conveyer worms 2, 2a and 3, 3a arranged in pairs so that interengaging members of each pair rotate in the same direction and each adjacent pair rotates in opposite direction, the innermost worms of the pairs 2a, 3a contacting each other longitudinally at their peripheries. The axes of the worms lie in two planes diverging upwardly. Polymerized material is supplied through the union 5, is taken up by the pairs of worms in the gap 6, where a bead of material 8 is formed. The volatile constituents escape upwardly through the aperture 7 and the concentrate is forced out through an aperture 9.


Consider a general mean-reverting discrete-time model of financial markets in which the stock prices process is a time discretization of a stochastic differential equation. We introduce a new type of asymptotic arbitrage by proving existence of self-financing strategies that generate linear growing profits on investors' wealth with probability converging to 1 geometrically fast. We estimate the rate of this convergence using ergodic results on Markov chains and large deviations theory. Next, we discuss asymptotic linear arbitrage in the expected utility sense and its link with the first type of asymptotic arbitrage. AMS Subject Classification: 91G80, 60F10, 60J05


We present a 3D tracking system for detecting and tracking multiple targets. An extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is used to maintain each target's 3D state and provide location predictions to the pattern matchers whose task it is to follow the targets in images. An adaptive background modeling algorithm is used together with the tracking process to detect moving objects in complex environments. We propose a warping-based pattern matching approach to deal with object deformation during tracking. We present examples of results of our tracker for outdoor scenes.


A business both small and large scale requires good financial management. The potential of UMKM so far, has not been sufficiently exploited to the maximum, on the contrary many MSME actors (owners) actually often experience internal problems making it difficult to develop and compete both among MSMEs and with large producers. The problem of financial management is one of the problems that is often encountered in MSMEs. Financial management and financial management are important aspects for the progress of MSMEs. Financial management can be done through accounting. Accounting is a systematic process to produce financial information that can be used for decision making for its users. The proposed Community Service Program is to provide MSME financial training, specifically regarding standardized and simple financial management, along with the process of socialization and assistance to MSMEs and financial management. Centralized training conducted is training on simple financial management methods and MSME financial management. The output of this program is that MSME practitioners gain knowledge of simple financial reporting and financial management.


Recent developments in bionanotechnology have produced a knowledge pool that enables the fabrication, functionalization, and activation of inorganic nanostructures. Continued progress in this field has led to advances in inorganic nanomaterial control, providing for the generation of catalysts that operate under biologically influenced conditions of temperature, pressure, and solvent. Outlined in this Perspective are a selection of catalysts active for a variety of reactions including C–C coupling, chemical reduction, electrocatalysis, and bond cleavage reactions, where a combination of both the inorganic core and biological surface work in concert to achieve the final functionality. By fully understanding the total structure/function relationship of these bio-inspired nanomaterials, new catalytic structures could be designed using biological principles that are energy neutral, eco-friendly, and selective, all of which represent grand challenges in light of the current global condition.


As environmental art designers,confronted with increasingly expanding city map and the "living machine" made of reinforced cement,glass and metal,we have to take such problems seriously as how to make use of folk fine arts for the breakthrough of the monotonous format in architectural form and adornment,how to combine ethnicity and the current epoch organically.


Experiencing Food: Designing Sustainable and Social Practices contains papers on food, sustainability and social practices research, presented at the 2nd International Conference on Food Design and Food Studies, held November 28-30, 2019, at the Faculty of Architecture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal. The conference and resulting papers re fl ect on interdisciplinarity as not limited to the design of objects or services, but seeking awareness towards new lifestyles and innovative approaches to food sustainability.


A severe leaf curl disease has been observed since 1999 in potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) crops in northern India. The affected plants were severely stunted with apical leaf curl and crinkled leaves and a conspicuous mosaic. Garg et al . (2001) showed that, using polyclonal antibodies to Indian cassava mosaic virus in immunospecific electron microscopy, a begomovirus was associated with this disease. This report describes that the leaf curl disease in potato is caused by a strain of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV). The begomovirus from a severely affected potato plant was sap-transmitted to Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings in which it induced severe leaf distortion and stunting 15 days post-inoculation. Meristem-derived plantlets of potato cv. Kufri Anand inoculated with sap from infected N. benthamiana leaves developed yellow mottling, mosaic and leaf curl symptoms. Double-stranded viral replicative DNAs were purified from infected potato and N. benthamiana plants and cloned at Hind III, BamH I, Xba I and Pst I sites in the vector pUC18. The clones at the Xba I and Pst I sites had a unit genome length insert ( ∼ 2·7 kb) which hybridized with the viral replicative forms from the infected plants. The nucleotide sequence of the Xba I and Pst I clones corresponded to the DNA A (accession no. AY286316) and B (accession no. AY158080) components of the begomovirus causing the disease. Comparison of the complete nucleotide sequence of DNA A revealed that it has 93–95% identity with that of ToLCNDV isolates and < 75% identity with other Tomato leaf curl virus isolates and Potato yellow mosaic virus . A whitefly-transmitted begomovirus of potato has not been reported previously in India, probably as potato crops on the north Indian plains have been cultivated during winter months when whitefly populations are low. However, in recent years, potato crops have been planted earlier and this has resulted in a sufficient build-up of whitefly populations that might have led to the emergence of a new disease in potato. This is the first observation of a begomovirus causing a severe disease of potato in India. The nucleotide sequence data indicate that the cause is a virus closely related to ToLCNDV which, unlike the strain infecting potato, is not sap-transmissible and is not known to infect potato naturally. Therefore, it is likely that a new strain of ToLCNDV has emerged that infects a new host, potato.


The lectin was purified from Porphyridium cruentum. This purified lectin (PCL) was a glycoprotein with a relative molecular weight of 39.6kD,containing 28.4% neutral saccharide. In its amino acid composition,Val has highest content and Iie has the lowest content .PCL could agglutinate rabbit and pig erythrocytes...The agglutinating activity was sensitive to temperature change and stable over a wide pH range, but inhibited by the presence of some mono or bisaccharides and mucin.


A method of operating an electronic device comprises storing a plurality of digital information bits in a memory using a first number of memory cells in parallel. The first plurality of digital information bits is provided for operating the device when operating parameters are not within a nominal range. The method further includes storing a second plurality of digital information bits in the memory using a second number of memory cells in parallel. The second plurality of digital information bits is provided for operating the device when operating parameters are within the nominal range.


Amblyopia is a unilateral or bilateral reduction in visual acuity in absence of any pathological causes. It results in limitations of various visual functions including visual acuity that are essential for performing daily living activities. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive review of affected visual functions in amblyopia through a Pubmed search with an extensive search strategy. Seventeen research articles were selected out of 420 possible research articles and included in the study. Besides visual acuity, other visual functions such as contrast sensitivity, fixation stability, accommodative functions, visuomotor behavior, binocularity, stereopsis, and visual attention were found to be significantly affected in amblyopia. Interestingly, the visual functions corresponding to the "normal eye" of the amblyopic patients were also found to be significantly affected in all forms of amblyopia.


Abstract Purpose - The main purpose of the study is to classify the different barriers in adoptions of Bitcoins and provide the appropriate elucidations for the problems faced by Bitcoin users in India. Design/ methodology/ approach - The study reviews researches on the adoption of Bitcoin as a medium of transactions and investments. A review of literature has been carried out to explore various existing Bitcoin. A case study has been conducted on Bitcoin and its adoption by individuals in different countries. AHP has been used to propose the model and for insights. Originality/value - Bitcoin adoption is still an unexplored area of research. This research has attempted to explore the root causes of the non-adoption of Bitcoin in different countries.


For many years, researchers have suggested that populations of many species of neotropical migrant birds in the United States are declining. Point counts are the method most commonly used in monitoring plans for estimating the relative abundance of birds; they consist of an observer collecting data at a series of locations (or "points") for a specified period of time. Monitoring populations using point counts plays a critical role in the conservation of bird species, as these data may signal species declines. I examine methods for improving the efficiency of point count sampling in wetland and upland forests in northern lower Michigan. First, using data for two groups of species, neotropical migrants and short-distance migrants and residents, I examine the effects of (1) changing the duration of point counts and (2) changing the area covered by each count (count radius) on the number of individuals detected in wetland and upland ecosystems. Next, I compare different combinations of methods to see which produce the highest expected cumulative count per hour (a measure of sampling efficiency). For neotropical migrants in wetland sites, I found that an 8-12 minute, 100 m radius point counts would be most efficient. This radius size would also be most effective for sampling the residents and short-distance migrants using long count durations (8-12 minutes), although similar effciency levels could be attained using shorter duration (5-6 minute) 50 m radius counts. In the uplands, the neotropical migrants had the highest expected cumulative counts with 12-minute, unlimited radius samples; residents could be sampled most efficiently using either the unlimited radius or 100 m radius size, and long counts (10-12 minutes). These results suggest that what is most efficient varies both by forest type and by migratory group in northern Michigan forests. Next, I address species-specific effects of using different point count radii (with 10 minute count lengths) on sampling efficiency in the same ecosystems, focusing on species of conservation concern. I also examine how the mean detection rate influences the number of samples needed to detect a 40% decline in the relative abundance of a species, using different levels of statistical power. In the wetlands, two neotropical migrant species and most of the short-distance migrants and residents would all be most efficiently sampled using the unlimited radius count, while over half of the neotropical migrants, including four of conservation concern (Veery, and Nashville, Canada, and Blackburnian Warblers) would be most efficiently sampled using 100 m radius counts. In the uplands, most of the neotropical migrants, including two of conservation concern (Eastern Wood-Pewee, and Veery) would be most efficiently sampled using an unlimited radius count. The number of sampling days required to detect a 40% decline using a one-sided test (alpha =0.1, beta = 0.2) varied widely for the species of concern. Using the count radii found to be most efficient for each species, detecting this large difference in relative abundance would require approximately 8 days of data collection for the Eastern Wood Pewee and Nashville Warbler (in upland and wetland sites, respectively), 17 and 52 days, respectively for the Canada Warbler and Blackburnian Warblers in the wetlands, and 25 days for the Veery in uplands. The last species of concern, the Great Crested Flycatcher, was detected at very low rates in both system, and as a result, detecting declines would be very difficult.


as a decision point to allow PAL-containing foods. 9,10 However, determining the challenge dosage is challenging due to the significant protein content variation in PAL-containing foods and the heterogeneity of population eliciting doses by allergen. 6,11 This underscores the importance of standardizing PAL at both national and international levels. The strengths of the study include a well-characterized cohort of patients followed at the pediatric allergy unit of the Geneva University Hospitals with confirmed IgE-mediated food allergy, a significant number of whom have undergone OFCs, and with regular exposure to foods with PAL. Limitations include recall bias which might have led to overestimation of self-reported reactions. 12 In addition, the population consisted predominantly of patients with nut/peanut/multiples food allergies which might be at higher risk of reacting to these foods. Finally, we cannot exclude that geographical variations in food allergen cross-contamination management practices by the food industry might lead to different reactivity profiles in other countries. All in all, our study demonstrates a reassuring safety profile of PAL food ingestion in a real-world setting and supports the possible introduction of foods with PAL in certain patients with confirmed IgE-mediated food allergy and high reactivity thresholds. We were not able to isolate characteristics that increased the risk of reacting to these foods. Future larger prospective studies from different centers including heterogeneous food allergy profiles and reactivity thresholds are needed to better characterize the real-world consumers' risk when faced with these products and to better identify the patients that can introduce them safely.


The multidimensional knapsack problem (MKP) is a famous NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem with strong engineering backgrounds. In this paper, we propose an improved migrating birds optimization (IMBO) to solve the MKP. In IMBO, to guarantee the initial swarm with a certain level of quality and diversity, we generate some meaningful solutions while other individuals are constructed randomly. In addition, considering the characteristics of MBO and MKP, an effective sharing scheme (NSS) is designed to deliver useful information to the following individual. Numerical experiments are performed and comparisons with state-of-the-art algorithms demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed IMBO for solving the MKP.


Based on outcome and education concept, for the training objective, the flipped class is applied to the teaching process of mixing unit operation through the implementation of teaching task list, teaching video, teaching courseware, classroom teaching, teaching summary and other measures, which builds students' proactive learning abilities and arouses the learning interest of students in mixing unit operation. The course scoring structure is diversified, covering the preview before class, discussion in class, homework exercises and extended applications after class. Through the investigation and analysis of the teaching situation, we find that most students recognize the role transformation between teaching and learning, are able to adapt to the flipped class mode and satisfied with the teaching effectiveness. Meanwhile, students think that the flipped class mode can increase students' opportunities in independent thinking and problem solving, which is of great benefit to improve their learning ability. The exploration and practice of flipped class mode for "Unit operation of mixing" lecture replaces the "cramming education" teaching style and motivates students creativity. The statistics of survey data on teaching effectiveness shows a high percentage of acceptance, recgonition and perception on the new flipped class mode. The successful implementation of the flipped class mode on the specific lecture also provides insights in other lectures in "Principles of Chemical Engineering".


We developed a structured portfolio for medical students to use during their obstetrics and gynaecology undergraduate training. The main objective was to support the learning process of the students. We also wanted feedback information to enhance teaching.


2D geoelectrical resitivity measurement and direct shear test has been conducted to determine soil type and soil strength on land settlement Istana Tidar Regency housing, Jember. Resistivity measurement is conducted at two line that have latitude 08.10'102" – 08.10'108" S, 113.43'404" – 113.43'408" E (line 1) dan 08.10'102" – 08.10'108" S, 113.43'410" – 113.43'414" E (line 2). Soil specimen were taken at 3 point, 2 point at line 1 and 1 point at line 2. Based on result of 2D geoelectrical resistivity measurement and direct shear test, this location was dominated by clay, silt and sandy silt are included in the type of cohesive soils. Soil strength of this type is capable to support light bulding contruction one or two floors.


The campus culture of the higher institutions in vocational education differs from that of ordinary universities.It has its own feature,which is characterized by the features of vocational education(high dimension) while integrating relevant corporate culture of the enterprise(long dimension) and the market culture(wide dimension) with the campus culture,and thus develops a three dimensional campus culture of the vocational education.


Bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (BDUMP) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome associated with extraocular malignancies. Extraocular pigmented lesions have been reported. We report that two patients with BDUMP presented with non‐ocular pigmented lesions.


Aluminum (Al) has been widely used in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), polymer bonded explosives (PBXs) and solid propellants. Its typical core-shell structure (the inside active Al core and the external alumina (Al2O3) shell) determines its oxidation process, which is mainly influenced by oxidant diffusion, Al2O3 crystal transformation and melt-dispersion of the inside active Al. Consequently, the properties of Al can be controlled by changing these factors. Metastable intermixed composites (MICs), flake Al and nano Al can improve the properties of Al by increasing the diffusion efficiency of the oxidant. Fluorine, Titanium carbide (TiC), and alloy can crack the Al2O3 shell to improve the properties of Al. Furthermore, those materials with good thermal conductivity can increase the heat transferred to the internal active Al, which can also improve the reactivity of Al. Now, the integration of different modification methods is employed to further improve the properties of Al. With the ever-increasing demands on the performance of MEMS, PBXs and solid propellants, Al-based composite materials with high stability during storage and transportation, and high reactivity for usage will become a new research focus in the future.


The United States spent an estimated $287 billion for health care in 1981 (Figure 1), an amount equal to 9.8 percent of the Gross National Product (GNP). Highlights of the figures that underly this estimate include the following:

Health care expenditures continued to grow at a rapid rate in 1981, at a time when the economy as a whole exhibited sluggish growth. The 9.8 percent share of the GNP was a dramatic increase from the 8.9 percent share seen just two years earlier.

Health care expenditures amounted to $1,225 per person in 1981 (Table 1). Of that amount, $524, or 42.7 percent, came from public funds.

Table 1

Aggregate and per Capita National Health Expenditures by Source of Funds and Percent of Gross National Product Selected Calendar Years, 1929-1981

Hospital care accounted for 41.2 percent of total health care spending in 1981 (Table 2). These expenditures increased 17.5 percent from 1980, to a level of $118 billion.

Table 2

National Health Expenditures by Type of Expenditure, Selected Years 1929-1981 (amounts in billions of dollars)

Spending for the services of physicians increased 16.9 percent to $55 billion—19.1 percent of all health care spending.

Public sources provided 42.7 percent of the money spent on health in 1981, including Federal payments of $84 billion and $39 billion in State and local government funds (Table 3).

Table 3

National Health Expenditures by Type of Expenditure and Source of Funds, 1979-1981 (amounts in billions of dollars)

All third parties combined—private health insurers, governments, private charities, and Industry—financed 67.9 percent of the $255 billion in personal health care in 1981 (Table 4), covering 89.2 percent of hospital care services, 62.1 percent of physicians' services, and 41.3 percent of the remainder (Table 5).

Table 4

Aggregate and per Capita Amount and Percentage Distribution of Personal Health Care Expenditures,1 by Source of Funds, Selected Years, 1929-1981

Table 5

Aggregate and per Capita Amount and Percentage Distribution of Personal Health Care Expenditures,1 by Source of Funds, Selected Years 1950-1981

Direct patient payments for health care reached $82 billion in 1981, accounting for 32.1 percent of all personal health care expenses (Table 6). Consumers and their employers paid another $73 billion in premiums to private health insurers, $67 billion of which was returned in the form of benefits.

Table 6

Personal Health Care Expenditures by Selected Third-Party Payers and Type of Expenditure, 1979-1981 (amounts in billions)

Outlays for health care benefits by the Medicare and Medicaid programs totaled $73 billion, including $42 billion for hospital care. The two programs combined paid for 28.6 percent of all personal health care in the nation (Table 7).

Table 7

Expenditures for Health Services and Supplies Under Public Programs by Program, Type of Expenditure, and Source of Funds 1981

Figure 1

The Nation's Health Dollar in 1981

Health Care Expenditures in 1981
The most notable aspect of health care spending in 1981 was its rapid, sustained rate of growth. The 15.1 percent increase in overall health expenditures, along with the 15.8 percent growth in 1980, are the highest in the last 15 years, and are substantially above the 13.9 percent average growth rate between 1976 and 1981. The 1981 increase occurred at a time when the overall economy grew by 11.4 percent. Thus, the share of the GNP occupied by health care spending jumped from 8.9 percent in 1979 to 9.8 percent in 1981 (see Figure 2).

Figure 2

National Health Expenditures and Gross National Product: Growth and Relative Sizes, 1966-1981

Recent Developments in Health Care Spending
Over the last five years, there has been little change in the patterns of health care spending or financing. There was a slight trend toward more expenditures for hospital, nursing home, and physician care, and a related increase in the share of expenses borne by the Federal government. However, these shifts have been of the order of two percentage points or less.

The issue raising the broadest debate concerning health care is that of the future of government financing. Widespread concern that the Medicare program may be unable to absorb both a greater patient load (with an aged population growing more rapidly than the workforce from which a large portion of program funds come) and higher costs (due to price inflation in excess of the general rate of price growth) have prompted a number of proposals to alter benefits, reimbursement practices, or both. Medicaid, the other large government program, faces similar problems as States are confronted with increasing numbers of unemployed—potential recipients of benefits—at the same time that unemployment erodes the tax base from which program funds are drawn.

The solvency of government programs is not the only issue facing health care financing. Private insurers—Blue Cross/Blue Shield and commercial carriers in particular—maintain that government reimbursement practices encourage cost inflation and, at the same time, shift some of the burden of that inflation to private insurers.

In short, heightened concern for the future of the health care financing system seems to be the most significant recent development.


Designing an embedded web server is a difficult task in many real time data acquiring and control system applications. World wide web is a computer network system which is interconnected to global system utilizing the TCP/IP standard internet protocol to help billion of users  around worldwide and also empowers the users to interface many real time embedded applications like acquiring the data for both commercial and industrial automations, home applications, safety measures etc,. In this paper we discuss about the development of DACS (Data acquisition and control system) using ARM9 embedded based web server. The DACS web server increases the speed of the processor of a system and avoids the problems in poor real time reliability by utilizing ARM9 processor and RT Linux. It has certain limitations for networking, artificial intelligence and digital distributed control system. Web pages are designed using HTML software and web server is designed using embedded 'C' language which is ported into ARM processor. Embedded web server, TCP/IP internet protocol, RTOS Linux, Embedded IoT


Two-dimensional flat carbon sheets, commonly seen in graphite, are a much sought after material with interesting electronic and mechanical characteristics. It is expected to be used in the next generation microchips in lieu of silicon and also expected to first enter the commercial market in the form of conducting plastics and composites. Due to the increase in the number of such applications along with business opportunities, producing or isolating this layer of graphite cost-effectively is an urgent challenge to be addressed. Widespread efforts in this direction are focusing more on chemical methods to separate (from bulk graphite) or deposit (using epitaxial methods) this two-dimensional layer; such chemical methods not only are environmentally unfriendly, but also produce poor yield and can result in graphene layers with undesirable functional groups attached. One of the early methods, and still sometimes used today for research, of separating graphene from bulk graphite is by mechanical cleavage using a scotch tape. This method is known to produce high quality of graphene layers. However, this method is not reliable for mass manufacturing of graphene; the full potential for such mechanical methods remain to be explored. In this study, a novel method to synthesize carbon nano-sheets specially few layers of graphene from bulk graphite by mechanical exfoliation is presented. The method involves the use of an ultra-sharp single crystal diamond wedge to cleave highly or-


Arguments over what democracy actually meant in practice and how it should be implemented raged throughout the early American republic. As Andrew Shankman shows, nowhere were those ideas more intensely contested or more representative of the national debate than in Pennsylvania, where the state's Jeffersonians dominated the day. Pennsylvania Jeffersonians were the first American citizens to attempt to translate idealized speculations about democracy into a workable system of politics and governance. In doing so, they revealed key assumptions that united other national citizens regarding democracy and the conditions necessary for its survival. In particular, they assumed that democracy required economic autonomy and a strong measure of economic as well as political equality among citizens. This strong egalitarian theme was, however, challenged by Pennsylvania's precociously capitalistic economy and the nation's dynamic economic development in general, forcing the Jeffersonians to confront the reality that economic and social equality would have to take a back seat to free market forces. Seeking democracy became a debate about the desirability of capitalism and the precise relations


Summary
Nearly one in six people in Brazil live in rural areas, representing a diverse population facing a variety of challenges that often differ from their urban counterparts. Access to basic food and the alleviation of poverty are key issues in many rural communities and this article provides an overview of the scope of public policies designed to improve food security and support poverty reduction in rural areas of Brazil. In particular we discuss actions implemented since 2003 under Brazil's Zero Hunger Program. The context for this important programme is described by reporting various indicators of poverty and food insecurity used for both rural and urban areas in Brazil. We argue that Brazil has been successful in reducing rural poverty and in improving the nutritional status of many people living in rural areas and that the Zero Hunger Program has played a significant role in achieving these positive outcomes. However, although poverty and hunger have been considerably reduced in the last decade, and there have been important improvements in rural areas, there is still a long way to go before Brazil can claim to have eliminated poverty and hunger.


FIELD: radio engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to radio engineering, specifically to passive radiolocation methods, consisting in determination of radio-frequency source (RFS) bearing angles by reception of electromagnetic waves, created by RFS, by passive space distributed radar system and their further digital processing. Said result is achieved due to multichannel parallel reception of electric signals, formed by individual dipoles of symmetrical horizontal dipoles mutually orthogonal pairs, composing direction finder phased antenna array elements, and further digital processing of received signals using single-stage estimation procedure, consisting in formation of decisive function directly depending on bearing and elevation and its subsequent maximization. EFFECT: technical result of invention consists in improvement of accuracy of RFS bearing estimation and increase in direction finders operation range with any type of electromagnetic wave polarization. 1 cl, 5 dwg


Long-term effects of high frequency percutaneous transtracheal ventilation (HFTV) have not been studied. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cardiopulmonary effects of 24 h of transtracheal ventilation in dogs at a respiratory rate of 100/min.Four dogs were anesthetized with intermittent pentobarbital and paralyzed with pancuronium. Ventilation in the supine position was through a 14-gauge Angiocath introduced into the trachea through the cricothyroid membrane. A respiratory rate of 100/min was used at an Fio2 of 0.4 using a fluidic logic controlled ventilator. The inspiratory-expiratory ratio was 1:2 and tidal volume 70 ml. The driving pressure of the air-oxygen mixture was 50 psi. After 24 h, residual muscle relaxant was reversed and the animal allowed to recover.There was no significant change in the following parameters over 24 h compared to starting values: Pao2, Paco2, pH, aortic, central venous, pulmonary artery and pulmonary artery wedge pressures, heart rate, cardiac index (CI), stroke index (SI), left ventricular stroke work (LVSW), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), C(a)o2, oxygen consumption (Vo2), pulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt). A PEEP effect of 2.9–5.0 torr was maintained. All dogs recovered uneventfully. Three days after the experiment, blood gases of 2 dogs were normal. One dog was killed after 3 days; macroscopic and microscopic examinations of the upper and lower airway and pulmonary parenchyma were normal.Dogs can be ventilated for as long as 24 h using HFTV transtracheally at rates of 100/min without adverse cardiopulmonary effects.


A household appliance (1), in particular a dishwasher, is in a kitchen cabinet line (3, 5, 7, 9) on or built under. It comprises a base above a device mounted on a device housing the appliance door (11). Furthermore, the device (1) comprises an oven door (11) into the region of a mounting surface of the device (1) covering face plate (19). According to the invention the attachment plate (19) in the region of their lower edge (21) is pivotally mounted on a horizontal pivot axis and is in the region of the upper edge (27) of the appliance door (11) coupled thereto.


Objective:To investigate the current situation and resistance of Stenotrophomonas Maltophiliaclinical(SMA) strains collected from Tianjin area,and investigate the effects of antibiotics on the SMA biofilms.Methods:The distribution and drug resistant situations of 51 isolated clinical strains of SMA were analyzed.Subsequently,the model of SMA biofilms in vitro was developed,challenged by antibiotics and calculated biofilm inhibitory concentrations,and to observe the change of biofilms by scanning electron microscopy.Results:The resistance rates of SMA to 8 kinds of commonly used antibiotics were as following:13.73%,82.35%,54.90%,50.98%,70.59%,82.35%,94.12% and 45.10%,of which,42 strains could be formed bacterial biofilms.After the formation of biofilm,the antibiotic resistance and resistance strains increased substantially.Conclusion:SMA may be one of the most important pathogenic bacteria in Tianjin area,with features of high drug resistance rate and multidrug resistance.The susceptibility test demonstrated that levofloxacin and cefoperazone/sulbactam had a high level of antimicrobial activity.Comparing to planktonic bacterial growth,SMA growing as biofilms proves to be highly resistant to most antimicrobials.


In order to support the enormous growth of the Internet, innovative research in every router subsystem is needed. We focus our attention on packet buffer design for routers supporting high-speed line rates. More specifically, we address the design of packet buffers using virtual output queuing (VOQ), which are used in most modern router architectures. The design is based on a previously proposed scheme that uses a combination of SRAM and DRAM modules. We propose a storage scheme that achieves a conflict-free memory bank organization. This leads to a reduction of the granularity of DRAM accesses, resulting in a decrease of storage capacity needed by the SRAM. In the DRAM/SRAM scheme, SRAM memory bandwidth needs to fit the line rate. Since memory bandwidth is limited by its size, searching for memory schemes having a small SRAM size arises as an essential issue for high speed line rates (e.g. OC768, 40 Gbps and OC3072, 160 Gbps).


The current aspects of epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical and laboratory picture, radiology and treatment of rare purulent-necrotic diseases of the male external genitalia, including the scrotum carbuncle, hydradenitis of the pubic region, cavernous and bulbar abscess of the penis, subcutaneous abscess median suture of the penis, scrotal abscess and fulminant gangrene of the scrotum (Fournier's gangrene) are explained in the literature review. These diseases usually occur in males to be socially active and of reproductive age with comorbid immunodeficiency background. New methods of adjuvant treatment of patients with Fournier's gangrene, such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy and vacuum therapy are discussed. Attention is drawn that the prognosis of purulent-necrotic diseases of the external genitalia depends primarily on the timely diagnosis and timing of surgical intervention. Key words: purulent-necrotic diseases of the male external genitalia, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment.


Recovery is an abstract multidimensional concept. There is no clear definition for recovery because this concept has specific meanings for individuals. This study aimed to analyze the concept of recovery in nursing. A concept analysis was conducted using Walker and Avant's method. An extensive literature review was conducted. The primary search key terms were "recovery," "concepts related to recovery," and "nursing." The publication date was limited to 2006–2019. Data related to the definitions, attributes, antecedents, and consequences of recovery were extracted from the reviewed studies. We found several attributes for this concept. Physical attributes of recovery included fighting with illness, experiencing an injury, and pain. Mental attributes were achieving self-restoration, hopefulness, self-confidence, self-identity, the meaning of life, and personal growth. Social attributes were self-determination, autonomy, support, social confidence, and active participation in social relationships. The antecedents and consequences of recovery were classified into physical, mental, and social dimensions. Model, borderline, and contrary cases were presented. Recovery is a complex and dynamic process, which is unique to individuals based on their characteristics and conditions. [GMJ.2021;10:e2164]


Objective:To establish a methods for sterility test of Imipenem and Cilastatin Sodium for Injection.Methods:The membrane filtrating and enzyme methods were used.Results:The antimicrobial effect of Imipenem and Cilastatin Sodium for Injection was strong.The antibacterial sensitivities to the validating bacteria among the generations of cefonicidum natricum were dramatically different.Conclusion:Membrane filtrating and enzyme methods can effectively eliminate its antimicrobial effect,meanwhile can guarantee the validity of sterility test for the Imipenem and Cilastatin sodium for Injection.


Lithium-ion batteries are still efficient and reliable energy storage systems and are widely used in portable electronics and electric vehicles. This review describes the types of currently existing lithium batteries, systems with anodes, cathodes and electrolytes made of various materials, and methods for their study. Specifically, it begins with a brief introduction to the principles of lithium-ion batteries operation and cell structure, followed by an overview of battery research methods. Particular attention is paid to the use of nanosized particles for the modification of electrodes and electrolytes, as well as the copolymerization of individual polymers of the gel-polymer electrolyte. The review analyzes possible future developments and prospects for post-lithium batteries.


The effects of the UVB radiation on the growth and ethanol fermentation of yeast were studied. The results showed that the yeast growth was inhibited to a certain extent in the radiation of UVB. And the morphology of yeast cells came to change also. The flocculation of yeast radiated by the UVB was slightly enhanced, but the ability of ethanol fermentation was maintained on the whole. In addition, a strain yeast was obtained from the culture solution radiated by UVB after 36h, which the ethanol producing rate of raw materials was higher 0.86% than one of the contrast, reaching 36.39% in the ethanol fermentation.


The invention provides a three-dimensional 360-degree panorama image system and an implementation method thereof. The 3D effect within 360 degrees around a model car as a core can be achieved, so that a driver and passengers clearly and visually know the position relation between the car and a barrier, and the driving safety is improved. The implementation method comprises the steps that a correspondingly-proportional car three-dimensional image model is made according to actual outer contour dimension data of a car; peripheral images are collected through a photographic device, and the peripheral images are combined to the periphery of the car three-dimensional image model according to coordinates and proportions on the basis of the position and angle of the photographing device relative to the car to form a three-dimensional panoramic image capable of displaying the car and the peripheral conditions of the car; the three-dimensional panoramic image is displayed on a multimedia system and moved or rotated through keys.


Introduction.- The First Vertebrates, Jawless Fishes, the Agnathans.- The Earliest Jawed Vertebrates, the Gnathostomes.- Evolution of Modern Fishes: Critical Biological Innovations.- Tetrapods and the Invasion of Land.- Crucial Vertebrate Innovations.- The Dinosaur Integument.- Mammal-like Reptiles.- Reptiles Return to the Sea.