Historically, autistic people have often been framed out of contributing towards the decisions that directly affect their own lives. This is despite a background of changing national and international policy and legislation regarding obtaining the views of disabled people in the delivery of services and within research practices (Pellicano et al. 2013). This is possibly most highlighted by the lack of autistic involvement and representation in many of the organisations that have been set up to advocate for the needs of autistic people. As this chapter indicates however, this is perhaps slowly beginning to change in some contexts, although many barriers still exist in regard to participation in wider social life, with many autistic-led advocacy groups rallying behind the call for 'nothing about us, without us' (e.g. ASAN, 2011; Autistic-UK, 2019). As autistic self-advocacy and rights groups have grown over the last two or three decades, there has also been a growing conflict between the autistic community 'voice' often championing the concept of neurodiversity and a social model of disability (or some variant thereof) and a discourse based in an individualised medical model of dysfunction, deficiency and dependency. In this chapter, an overview will be given to numerous participatory projects based primarily in the context of work happening in the United Kingdom will be given. This is due to how the UK could be said to be further along this path than most. Reference will also be made to efforts outside the UK.


In this work, Lyocell fibers, used as carbon fiber precursors, were investigated. Lyocell fibers used for the carbon precursors and the carbon fibers themselves were produced in our laboratory. The mechanical properties morphology and structure of the precursors and the obtained carbon fibers were studied and compared to those of rayon. The results show that Lyocell fibers have higher tenacity and modulus, and better thermal stability than rayon fibers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experiments show that Lyocell precursors have round cross-sections and fewer defects in the fibers, while rayon fiber has an oval cross-section and many defects. Wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) results for the Lyocell precursors indicate that the degree of crystallinity of the Lyocell precursor is higher than that of a rayon precursor. They also show that Lyocell based carbon fibers have better mechanical properties than those that are rayon-based. WAXD data of the obtained carbon fibers show that the crystallinity of Lyocell-based carbon fiber is higher than that of rayon-based carbon fiber. It is concluded that the Lyocell fibers are better precursors for carbon fibers than rayon. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1941–1947, 2003


The study examines the perception of some Entrepreneurs in Benin City, Nigeria with a view to finding out their take on Tax Burden, Tax Incentives and Entrepreneurial development in Nigeria as well as investigating the relationship between Tax Burden, Tax Incentives and Entrepreneurial development. Using a cross sectional survey research design, data were elicited from the responses of 140 respondents using a research questionnaire consisting of structured questions on a 5 point likert scale, revealing varying preferences and degrees of agreement with certain questions and assertions. Using the Spearman's rho correlation and the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) Regression technique for analysis, we found that most respondents believe Tax burden is a disincentive to entrepreneurial development as a negative significant relationship was observed. We also found among other things that there is a positive but insignificant relationship existing between Tax incentives and Entrepreneurial development. We therefore recomme48331nd that instead of seeking ways to reduce the present tax burden, government should explore ways of ameliorating the effects of high tax burden on entrepreneurs. This includes providing needed infrastructure like power/electricity needed for entrepreneurship to thrive, formulating favorable policies and ensuring peace and stability in governance amongst others.


Endogenous retroviruses (ERV) have been isolated from the pancreatic islets of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. We previously demonstrated that a murine leukemia retrovirus–like ERV Gag protein was secreted together with exosomes by an insulinoma and by primary islet mesenchymal stem cells. Here, we further demonstrated that Gag is an effective antigen to stimulate IFN-gamma production by autoreactive T cells using recombinant Gag protein or virus-like particles (VLPs) expressing the Gag gene. However, candidate peptides of this Gag protein were not effective in stimulating the T cells. Upon analyses of ERV Gag genes expressed in the islets of prediabetic NOD mice, we were surprised to find multiple Gag gene variants with complete open-reading frames. These results suggested the expression of different endogenous proviruses, or alternatively, the detection of point mutations incurred during viral replication. A new batch of altered peptides was synthesized reflecting the variations among the Gag gene variants, and a few of them induced detectable amount of cytokine secretion from the T cells. But, the levels of IFN-gamma induced by the peptides were much lower than that induced by the Gag protein and the VLPs, suggesting a low affinity activation. This weak T-cell-stimulating activity of the Gag peptides was further confirmed by testing diabetogenic T-cell clones, as well as by using MHC tetramers loaded with candidate peptides. The data suggest that ERV Gag or its gene variants may trigger autoimmunity via a pathway that could be independent from direct presentation of viral peptides to autoreactive T cells.


Plasma glucose, plasma insulin and blood pyruvate levels were measured during two identical oral glucose tolerance tests carried out a few days apart on fifty‐two normal or mildly diabetic subjects. No systematic differences could be detected between the first and second test. Several different functions derived from the tests were examined both for reproducibility and sensitivity in detecting departures from normal: a 'clinical value index' as calculated for each of these functions taking both reproducibility and sensitivity into account. This index was higher for the area under the glucose tolerance curve than for the glucose value at any single selected point during the test or for the 'H' index. The coefficient of variation for the glucose area was found to increase with increasing impairment of glucose tolerance, and confidence limits for this function were defined, enabling a significance of a single abnormal test to be assessed. Day‐to‐day variations in glucose tolerance were found not to be the result of fluctuations in the insulin response, nor to be related to the fasting pyruvate level before the test. It seems most likely that these variations result from fluctuations in glucose absorption and distribution.


A multifunctional practice rig for automobile electronic devices based on single-chip processor control was designed.Its features were analyzed.Its hardware and software were described.


In person-fit analysis, the object is to investigate whether an item score pattern is improbable given the item score patterns of the other persons in the group or given what is expected on the basis of a test model. In this study, several existing group-based statistics to detect such improbable score patterns were investigated, along with the cut scores that have been proposed in the literature to classify an item score pattern as aberrant. Through a simulation study and an empirical study, the power of three person-fit statistics was compared, and the practical use of various cut scores was investigated. The empirical study involved 437 Dutch sophomores studying psychology and pedagogics taking an examination on test theory. It was also demonstrated that person-fit statistics can be used to detect persons with a deficiency of knowledge on an achievement test. While one of the statistics was less appropriate in the simulation, the power of the three approaches was approximately the same in the empirical example.


BACKGROUND: The northeast district of China, especially Liaoning province, Jilin province, and Heilongjiang province, is one of the largest agricultural production regions in China. These regions play a significant role in ensuring food security. Accumulated temperature such as growing degree days (GDD) is an important environmental factor for plant growth and yield. Therefore, in this study, temporal and spatial distribution of GDD for maize was examined as a basis to estimate the growth and yield of maize in these regions. METHODS AND RESULTS: Meteorological date produced by NASA (MERRA-2) was used to estimate GDD of maize at this study sites. The GDD was calculated from sowing (May 1) to harvesting (Sep. 30). The average GDD of this region between 2010 and 2015 was 1323.0 ℃ day (595.3 – 1838.9). The spatial distribution of GDD showed a similar pattern during the different years surveyed. Double cropping for maize could be in only Liaoning province, northwestern Jilin province, and western and eastern Heilongjiang province where the GDD was over 1600 ℃ day. However, The GDD in eastern Heilongjiang province was varied by year. CONCLUSION: The GDD of maize in northeast district of China was varied spatially, but similar among recent six years at the same region. This result can be used to predict growth stage and yield of maize at these regions.


—Roshan et al. recently described a "divide-and-conquer" technique for parsimony analysis of large data sets, Rec-I-DCM3, and stated that it compares very favorably to results using the program TNT. Their technique is based on selecting subsets of taxa to create reduced data sets or subproblems, finding most-parsimonious trees for each reduced data set, recombining all parts together, and then performing global TBR swapping on the combined tree. Here, we contrast this approach to sectorial searches, a divide-and-conquer algorithm implemented in TNT. This algorithm also uses a guide tree to create subproblems, with the first-pass state sets of the nodes that join the selected sectors with the rest of the topology; this allows exact length calculations for the entire topology (that is, any solution N steps shorter than the original, for the reduced subproblem, must also be N steps shorter for the entire topology). We show here that, for sectors of similar size analyzed with the same search algorithms, subdividing data sets with sectorial searches produces better results than subdividing with Rec-I-DCM3. Roshan et al.'s claim that Rec-I-DCM3 outperforms the techniques in TNT was caused by a poor experimental design and algorithmic settings used for the runs in TNT. In particular, for finding trees at or very close to the minimum known length of the analyzed data sets, TNT clearly outperforms Rec-I-DCM3. Finally, we show that the performance of Rec-I-DCM3 is bound by the efficiency of TBR implementation for the complete data set, as this method behaves (after some number of iterations) as a technique for cyclic perturbations and improvements more than as a divide-and-conquer strategy. [DCM3; heuristics; large data sets; sectorial search; TNT] Advancements in nucleotide sequencing technology have produced a dramatic increase in the amount of comparative data suitable for phylogenetic analyses during recent years. This has resulted in phylogenetic data sets with hundreds or thousands of organisms, the earliest example of which is Chase et al.'s (1993) now classic data set of 500 rbcL sequences. Inclusive phylogenetic data sets have been increasingly common in the last few years (e.g., Kallersjo et al., 1998; Soltis et al., 1998; Tehler et al., 2003; Hibbett et al., 2005; McMahon and Sanderson, 2006), demonstrating the interest in large-scale phylogenetic analyses among systematists and in attempting to understand relationships between the major branches in the Tree of Life (Cracraft and Donoghue, 2003). These large phylogenetic data sets exceeded the capabilities of analytical methods of the 1980s and early 1990s, and therefore parsimony analysis of this kind of large data sets had been considered basically intractable. This situation stimulated research in algorithms and implementations capable of conducting efficient parsimony analysis of large data sets. Early contributions along these lines of research have introduced methods that provide speedups of about 30 to 100 times (Nixon, 1999; Goloboff, 1999) over preexisting methods of parsimony analysis; these methods were implemented in the computer program TNT, written by the senior author and collaborators (Goloboff et al., 2003), and available at http: / / www.zmuc.dk/public/phylogeny. Rec-I-DCM3 is a method of heuristic tree search recently introduced by Roshan et al. (2004) within the framework of parsimony phylogenetic analysis. This method was developed with the aim of increasing the capabilities of current heuristic tree search analyses and belongs to a family of methods introduced in phylogeny reconstruction by Huson et al. (1999a, 1999b): the disk covering methods or DCMs. Recently, several works claim that Rec-I-DCM3 allows analysis of much larger data sets than ever before (Roshan, 2004, Roshan et al., 2004, followed by Du et al., 2005a; Dotsenko et al., 2006; Smith and Williams, 2006; Warnow, 2005; Williams and Smith, 2005; Williams et al., 2006;). Roshan (2004) and Roshan et al. (2004) compare the performance of Rec-IDCM3 with the "default technique" of TNT and claim that "Rec-I-DCM3 convincingly outperforms TNT—the best implemented MP heuristic—often by orders of magnitude" (Roshan et al., 2004:99). In this paper, we reexamine the relative performance of TNT and Rec-I-DCM3 using the two largest benchmark data sets analyzed in the original study, contrasting the divide-and-conquer strategy of Rec-I-DCM3 to sectorial searches (the divide-and-conquer technique implemented in TNT; Goloboff, 1999). First, we will briefly introduce and compare (in Background; readers familiar with the procedures may want to skip this section) the algorithms used in TNT and Rec-I-DCM3, followed by a brief discussion (under Previous Comparisons) of the problems with the experimental setup used by Roshan et al. for their original (2004) comparisons. Then, a more efficient use of TNT algorithms is described and the two largest data sets used by Roshan et al. (2004) are reanalyzed (under Comparison of Rec-I-DCM3 and TNT). Finally, a discussion on some characteristics of Rec-I-DCM3 performance, and related problems and prospects, is presented. The following abbreviations are used throughout the text: CSS, constrained sectorial search (where sectors are selected by reference to polytomies in a constraint tree); DFT, tree-drifting; DCM, disk covering method; DS11K, benchmark data set of 11,361 bacterial sequences; DS14K, benchmark data set of 13,921 bacterial sequences; HTU,


Let M2 be a complete simply connected Riemannian surface with curvature KM2 ≤ −κ ≤ 0, for some constant κ (i.e., M2 is a Hadamard surface). We consider a compact CMC (constant mean curvature) H surface Σ embedded in M2×R, with Γ = ∂Σ ⊂ Q = M2 × {0}. We obtain a relation between the area of a part of Σ above Q, the height above Q of this part, and the volume it bounds. As a corollary of this, when ∂Σ = ∅ we obtain: 2HA ≥ κV + 4πh. Our estimate is inspired by the paper [5]. Moreover we prove that if Σ is a compact H-surface embedded in H2×R whose boundary, Γ = ∂Σ, is a convex planar curve contained in Q = H2 × {0} and the height of the surface Σ is less than or equal the height of the hemisphere of the rotational sphere with constant mean curvature H, then Σ stays in a half-space determined by Q and is transverse to Q along the boundary and inherits the same symmetries of its boundary. We conclude using these two results that if Σ is a compact H-surface embedded in H2×R with convex planar boundary and the height of the surface Σ is less than or equal to the height of the hemisphere of the rotational sphere with constant mean curvature H, then Σ is a graph. The equality holds if and only if Σ is the rotational H-hemisphere.


The present invention relates to an improved process for producing naltrexone [17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5alpha-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxy-morphinan-6-one] from noroxymorphone [4,5-alpha-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxy-morphinan-6-one] by alkylation with a cyclopropylmethyl halide.


Based on the mathematical model of electric power steering (EPS) system, an assist characteristic transfer function of EPS system is established in this paper. The steering wheel angle is taken as input signal and the steering column angle as output signal in the model. According to biological immune feedback mechanism, a control algorithm for steering column angle of EPS based on immune PID is proposed in this paper. Compared with the genetic PID algorithm, the simulation results indicate that the immune PID control algorithm can effectively improve response speed of EPS, shorten time up to the steady state value, enhance the efficiency of steering column angle tracking the steering wheel angle, and make EPS to have good performance of power steering.


This paper studies the features of Suzhou innovation-based economy and analyzes the negative influences exerted by the lack of high-tech talents.It illustrates the main problems in the cultivation of high-tech talents from five aspects,including human resource accumulation,major training direction,pre-service training,post-service training and the declination of region advantages.The author also suggests five new measures for cultivating high-tech talents in view of innovation economy.


In this paper, we analyze the new system of improving fiscal transparency in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and its ability to contribute to increasing fiscal competitiveness. BiH has a specific system of fiscal federalism and decentralization, with four fiscal jurisdictions of disproportionate jurisdiction. By introducing the fiscal register as a public document, fiscal jurisdictions seek to increase fiscal transparency, discourage the introduction of new non-tax levies, reduce existing non-tax levies and eliminate parafiscal levies. In this paper, we investigated whether the new legislation allow for the achievement of these goals. Using the method of qualitative analysis, we concluded that rigorous conditions for entering public tax in the fiscal register and the legal provision that there is no obligation to pay any public tax if it is not entered in the fiscal register are a realistic basis for increasing fiscal transparency. A higher level of fiscal transparency should strengthen the interest of businesses and citizens in the non-tax burden and increase pressure on the government to reduce it. In order for a higher level of fiscal transparency to have an impact on increasing fiscal competitiveness, reforms of government institutions and changes in the way public money is spent are necessary.


This paper describes a control technique for regulating the waiting times of jobs in a discrete manufacturing process.

The technique is based on the second method of Lyapunov, which has been extensively used for deterministic processes. Two illustrations of the method are included.

Experimental evidence of the effectiveness of the technique is indicated.


Background: Research has consistently linked adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to negative mental and physical health outcomes later in life. The present study replicated the landmark ACE study in the United States, but within a Canadian adult primary care population (N=3,924). Methods: Participants completed an Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire and a self-report measure for the diagnoses of a variety of mental health problems. Using age and socioeconomic status as covariates, odds ratios were calculated with multivariate logistic regression separately for males and females. Results: Approximately 30.3% of the sample had an ACE score of 0, while the scores for 1, 2, 3 and 4+ACEs were 23.1%, 16.4%, 10.5% and 12.9%, respectively. As the number of ACEs increased, the odds of either a previous or current mental health problem generally also increased in a dose-response manner. This relationship was particularly strong for the DSM-V categories of depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, bipolar and related disorders, substance-related and addictive disorders, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Similar patterns of results were observed for both males and females. Conclusion: This research replicates results from population-based studies that have examined relationships between ACEs and mental health problems. A better understanding of the factors that underlie the risk for mental disorders is critical to develop prevention and early intervention models. The implications for ACEs screening and intervention within primary care populations are discussed. ARTICLE HISTORY Received: August 24, 2020 Accepted: September 07, 2020 Published: September 14, 2020


Although the fragment of the right side of the frontal bone reveals the form of only a small area (little more than 5 cm. long x 3 cm. broad) of the endocranial surface, which is devoid of obtrusive features, it is of interest and importance because it sheds some light upon a part of the endocranial cast of which nothing was known before. Moreover, it is a part of the cast, the frontal pole, the form of which is of peculiar significance in the study of the features of early Man. In a communication dealing with the endocranial cast of the Boskop skull, which I presented to the Manchester Literary & Philosophical Society last month,1 I called attention to the small size and lack of roominess of the prefrontal region of the cranial cavity in Neanderthal man, and made special use of the form and relative size of the prefrontal area of the Boskop cast to establish the fact that the skull from which it was obtained conformed to the modern type (by some authorities regarded as the species Homo sapiens, as distinct from H. neanderthalensis). The small fragment of endocranial cast now under consideration presents at its medial border about 4·5 centimeters of the broad deep median furrow, corresponding to the endocranial sagittal crest of the frontal bone; and below, part of the orbital margin, although not sufficient to display the form and extent of the orbital rostrum. There are no distinct indications of the situations of any of


Challenge initiatives are used by many mental health agencies to facilitate a variety of therapeutic changes within participants. There are several ways to lead these challenge initiatives, including whole training, fixed training, and adaptive training. This paper presents a theoretical basis for considering adaptive training to be the most effective facilitation technique in a mental health setting for increasing adolescents' self-efficacy and self-affirmation. In contrast to whole training, which focuses on practicing tasks in their total completed form, and fixed training, which has an inflexible progression for the trainee to follow, adaptive training varies the task or problem as a function of how well the trainee performs. Using supportive citations from the literature, the interrelationships of performance, self-efficacy, and self-affirmation to adaptive training are explained. Using adaptive training in challenge initiatives allows the therapist to correlate intervention structure with a client's readiness for treatment. Contains 37 references. (Author/SAS) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** ADAPTIVE TRAINING'S AFFECT ON SELF-PERCEPTION Derek W. Tate University of Montana, School of Forestry Missoula, MT 59803,(406) 243-5675 U.S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement ED CATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has -been reproduced as received from the person or organization Originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY _Ro.her_t_EJon.es TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)


This thesis addresses problems of free-form object matching for the point vs. NURBS surface and the NURBS surface vs. NURBS surface cases, and its application to copyright protection. Two new methods are developed to solve a global and partial matching problem with no a priori information on correspondence or initial transformation and no scaling effects, namely the KH and the umbilic method. The KH method establishes a correspondence between two objects by utilizing the Gaussian and mean curvatures. The umbilic method uses the qualitative properties of umbilical points to find correspondence information between two objects. These two methods are extended to deal with uniform scaling effects. The umbilic method is enhanced with an algorithm for scaling factor estimation using the quantitative properties of umbilical points. The KH method is used as a building block of an optimization scheme based on the golden section search which recovers iteratively an optimum scaling factor. Since the golden section search only requires an initial interval for the scaling factor, the solution process is simplified compared to iterative optimization algorithms, which require good initial estimates of the scaling factor and the rigid body transformation. The matching algorithms are applied to problems of copyright protection. A suspect model is aligned to an original model through matching methods so that similarity between two geometric models can be assessed to determine if the suspect model contains part(s) of the original model. Three types of tests, the weak, intermediate and strong tests, are proposed for similarity assessment between two objects. The weak and intermediate tests are performed at node points obtained through shape intrinsic wireframing. The strong test relies on isolated umbilical points which can be used as fingerprints of an object for supporting an ownership claim to the original model. The three tests are organized in two decision algorithms so that they produce systematic and statistical measures for a similarity decision between two objects in a hierarchical manner. Based on the systematic statistical evaluation of similarity, a decision can be reached whether the suspect model is a copy of the original model. Thesis Co-Supervisor: Nicholas M. Patrikalakis, Kawasaki Professor of Engineering Thesis Co-Supervisor: Takashi Maekawa, Principal Research Scientist


An on-board health monitoring system to diagnose the vehicle while it is in operation; is a necessity to propose electric vehicles (EVs) as a robust replacement of the internal combustion engine (ICE) ones. This paper proposes an efficient, simple and reliable fault detection technique of an open circuit fault in voltage source inverters (VSI), as a case study. It is based on semi-clustering approach, which compares a gate-driving signal (as a reference) to the actual VSI output voltage, trained in many different scenarios. Simulink simulation model and a laboratory prototype are built to prove the validity of the proposed technique. Results are presented and discussed to confirm coherence of proposed methodologies.


The radical chain addition of a primary aldehyde across the electron rich C=C bond in an enamide is catalysed by thiols. The function of the thiol is to act as a polarity reversal catalyst, which promotes the overall transfer of a hydrogen atom from the aldehyde to the adduct radical produced by addition of the chain carrying acyl radical to the enamide.


In this paper, the functions working with big numbers and their integrations with the compiler LYaPAS-T are presented. These functions are inserted by the compiler into a loadable module (file with the compiled program). All these functions are written and debugged in assembly language.


The main ideas for the development of the late prehistoric cultures in Egypt were essentially worked out by Werner Kaiser in the last thirty years (Kaiser 1956; 1957; 1985; 1990). As a result we learned that the rise of the archaic Egyptian culture was built on two different traditions: Lower and Upper Egypt. These developed in two different ways in prehistory and came together when the Upper Egyptian Naqada culture expanded to the north and this led to the unification of Egypt. These ldeas were for a long time argumenta ex silentio since archaeological records had not provided sufficient material until the last ten years, when the archaeology of the Nile Delta began to evolve.


The paper discusses the changing self-understanding of ethnomusicologists from enthu siasts pioneering in forgotten areas of the world to a species of networking researchers using all facilities of the World Wide Web and audiovisual databases. Aside from some unclear interpretations of user rights, there are important ethical challenges to observe, which are based on a fast re-positioning of humanities in the actual field of scientific efficiency. What will remain from the sublime discoverer's attitude and what will be the substance of another quality in ethnomusicological research? Talking about the "digital butterfly net" we should focus on what we call a "butterfly" and how it changes its shape, rather than re-examine its digital being. Finally we have to re-examine our supposedly universal parameters of "scientific efficiency" from different viewpoints, and we should become aware of prospective demands which need to be met by audiovisual archivists and ethnomusicologists in their socio-functional context.


This paper analysed rural public expenditure in hunan from the aspects of expenditure structure,its growth speed,the proportion in total expenditure and the comparison with the national level.We get that the achievements of agricultural supporting in Hunan are not so satisfying. By applying the Eviews 3.1 to analyze the proportion of the export of the major agricultural products in the national export,the author constructs the relevant returned equation and puts forward strategies for Hunan financial agricultural supporting.


Douglas P. Newton Routledge Teaching Guides ISBN 9780415453646 £17.00 105pp Reviewed by Julia Glanville Science for Primary School Teachers Helena Gillespie, Rob Gillespie Open University Press ISBN 97803352201511 £19.99 198pp Reviewed by Brian J Ford Analysis of variance and covariance: how to choose and construct models for the life sciences C. Patrick Doncaster, Andrew J.H. Davey Cambridge University Press ISBN 9780521684477 £25.99 287pp Reviewed by Thomas McCloughlin Biological Science (3rd Edn) Scott Freeman Pearson ISBN 0321508378 £45.99 1262pp Reviewed by Dr Stuart Newton Infection and Immunity John Playfair and Gregory Bancroft Oxford University Press ISBN 9780199206735 £27.99 368pp Reviewed by Johnn Heritage Primer of Genetic Analysis (3rd Edn) James N Thompson Jnr, Jenna J Hellack, Gerald Braver, David S Durica Cambridge University Press ISBN 9780521603652 £24.99 312pp Reviewed by M Ripley Meeting the Needs of Your Most Able Pupils: Science Tim Alderman David Fulton / Routledge ISBN 9781843122777 £25.00 134pp Reviewed by Dr John Cheverton Microcosm: E.Coli and the New Science of Life Carl Zimmerman William Heinemann ISBN 9780434016242 £20.00 256pp Reviewed by Simon Andrews Phycology (4th Edn) Robert E Lee Cambridge University Press ISBN 9780521682770 £38.00 560pp Reviewed by Roger Delpech Introduction to Bio informatics Arthur M. Lesk Oxford University Press ISBN: 9780199208043 £24.99 474pp Reviewed by Thomas McCloughlin The Origins of Genome Architecture Michael Lynch Palgrave and Macmillan ISBN: 9780878934843 £35.99 494pp Reviewed by Olivier Sparagano Biological Thermodynamics (2nd edition) Donald T. Haynie Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521711340 £29.99 422pp Reviewed by Myles Ripley Introduction to Computational Genomics: A Case Studies Approach Nello Cristianini and Matthew W. Hahn Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521671910 £24.99 182pp


The critical role of technological innovation has been extensively investigated by considering various aspects of macro-fundamentals across the world. Although the determents of technological innovation have been investigated predominantly from the perspective of firms, the role of macro-fundamentals is yet to be extensively explored. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of green investment, measured by renewable energy; domestic investment measured by gross capital formation; and environmental sustainability measured by carbon emission on technological innovation in BRI nations for the period 2000–2021. The study used a cross-sectional dependency test, a unit root test following CADF and CIPS, an error correction-based panel cointegration test, ARDL, CS-ARDL, and a nonlinear ARDL. Furthermore, the directional causalities were documented by performing the heterogeneous causality test. Taking into account the findings of the study, it is revealed that green investment and domestic investment are positively connected with technological innovation in BRI nations, while environmental sustainability is correlated negatively and statistically significant to technological innovation. Furthermore, the asymmetric investigation established asymmetric effects from green investment, environmental sustainability, and domestic investment to technological innovation. According to the asymmetric coefficients, the positive and negative shocks of green and domestic investment disclosed positive and statistically significant links with technological innovation, whereas the asymmetric shocks in environmental sustainability revealed adverse ties to technological innovation in BRI nations. The study documented the unidirectional causal effects from green investment to technological innovation [GI→TI] and technological innovation to environmental sustainability [TI→ES]. Furthermore, the study documented bidirectional casualties between domestic investment, foreign direct investment, financial development, and technological innovation [TI←→DI; TI←→FDI; TI←→FD]. The study suggested that domestic capital formation and environmental protection in BRI nations should be actively promoted to accelerate technological innovation. Furthermore, the study postulated that investment in research and development should be encouraged with incentives for technological innovation.


Outside bar for a vehicle with a molding comprising a body portion having a first end and a second end. A first end cover portion provided at the main body portion, and the roll stiffness buffer portion disposed at a second end of the body portion. Window seal arm covering portion and the anti-shake at a position between the flexible buffer portion coupled to the body portion and the first end of the body portion at an acute angle. In addition, the arm body is sealed window sealed flexibly coupled to the arm and extending toward the body portion.


The criteria for appointment of Judges has always remain as the most controversial and confused task. Since Independence of our nation, various attempts have been made to evolve out some single efficacious method in this regard. Collegium system has been working with its full force in respect of appointments to judicial offices. But in order to modify this old prevailing system, in 2014 the Government came up with a Commission which was to play a frozen role in the appointment of Judges of Supreme Court and High Court. The Commission was named as National Judicial Appointment Commission (hereinafter referred to as NJAC) and for that matter National Judicial Appointment Commission Act has been enacted. Both the bills were overwhelmingly passed by both the Houses of the Parliament without a single negative vote. The perception of nepotism, opacity and judicial hegemony in appointments was sought to be undone by a bipartisan NJAC. However, Justice Krishna Iyer also has rightly confessed "Judges-Judicial Reforms in Indian Context" regarding accountability of judiciary thereby necessitating on a serious scrutiny through some commission for the appointment of Judges. Many a times before passing of this NJAC, efforts have been made in order to from some Commission to which, task of appointment of Judges of higher authority, can be granted. However, by striking down the NJAC and 99th Constitution (Amendment) Act as unconstitutional, the Supreme Court has, once again, focused public attention on the process of appointment of Judges to the higher judiciary


Electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the most practical device to record the brain's electrical activity, and often been used in the diagnosis of brain diseases over the years. Recently, the biometric authentication and identication by using EEG has become a great way to confirm a user's identity. This paper investigated the biometric authentication information in brain lobes such as frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe and occipital lobe based on frequency bands approach. The power spectrum density (PSD) features were extracted from 32 EEG channels recorded signals during typing task. At that point, signal processing techniques such as such as pre-processing, feature extraction and classification have been carried out. The obtained results proved that the frontal lobe is related to the thinking whereas the parietal lobe is related to the spelling process when the users type their own names (Task 1) and random names given (Task 2). The users are more familiar to typing task 1 rather than typing task 2.


Herbal drugs are usually considered to be safe, more effective and less toxic as compared to synthetic derivatives. Hence, the present study was aimed to investigate the potentially new source of antioxidant and antidiabetic activity from the aqueous and ethonalic extracts of Capparis spinosa Linn. seeds in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. To induce diabetes, streptozotocin was administered through single intraperitoneal injection of 55 mg/kg in 0.1 M citrate buffer. Capparis spinosa extracts were administered at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight for 21 days. The biochemical parameters like blood glucose, liver glycogen and change in body weight were studied. Liver tissue were homogenized in ice cold saline buffer and used to investigate the level of lipid peroxidation product-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, enzymatic antioxidants-superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as non enzymatic antioxidants- reduced glutathione. All the results were compared with standard antidiabetic drug glibenclamide. The results reveal that diabetic rats had considerably reduced body weight than normal rats at 14 th and 21 st day. Significant decrease in blood glucose and liver glycogen was observed in the rats treated with the extracts (P<0.05). Similarly, both the extracts showed a concentration dependent improvement in the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione along with decrease in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels (P<0.05). These results suggest the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of Capparis spinosa Linn. in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.


The author illustrates a Monte-Carlo procedure that simulates impulsive noise bursts by using a set of characteristics that represents a realistic range of values. It is expected that many non-Gaussian varieties of noise may be dealt with numerically in a similar manner, following experimental determinations of the most appropriate parameter values for use in the noise model. A limited sample case is presented to illustrate the application of the numerical analysis method to an engineering situation. It is concluded that the present analytical tools may be helpful to receiver and system designers in achieving desired overall BER (bit error rate) performance where impulsive noise is significant.<<ETX>>


The article ''Racial Integration of Coaching'' (DOI: 10.1177/1527002508324271), by Brian L. Goff and Robert D. Tollison, published in April 2009 issue (Volume 10, Number 2) of Journal of Sports Economics, first paragraph on page 128, says correctly that Frank Robinson was the first black manager in major league baseball (MLB). However, it has the team and year wrong. Frank Robinson was hired by the Indians to be their player-manager in 1975, not by the Orioles in 1974. He managed the Orioles much later.


Self-disclosure is the process of disclosing one's personal information to others. Gay often deal with the tension between disclosing and concealing their sexual orientations in relation male friendship. This study aims to find out about the boundaries of criteria that gay considerations in self-disclosure. Furthermore, information on strategies used in the disclosure or conceal their sexual identity. This article presents the results of a qualitative interview study with 3 gays about their choices to disclose or conceal their sexual identities. Using Communication Privacy Management (CPM) as a theoretical framework, interview transcripts were thematically analyzed for privacy rule criteria and disclosure or concealment strategies. This study contributes to previous understanding of CPM by magnifying three strategies for disclosing or concealing sexual identity. This research uses qualitative content analysis. The gay decision to reveal or conceal their sexual identity is characterized by the complexity of personal rules (criteria): cultural, gender, risk-benefit and motivation. Through the complexity of such personal rules produce disclosure or concealment strategies. They use selection, reciprocity, and ambiguity strategies.


It is apparent that ICT dramatically plays a major role in the education sector, by improving the quality, effectiveness and efficiency of teaching, learning, research and educational management around the world. 100 lecturers from a public and a private university in Oyo State, Nigeria were randomly selected. Administered questionnaire was used for collecting data. Simple percentage and chi-square were adopted as a statistic tools for data analysis. The findings therefore revealed that ICT facilities were not available at the universities. ICT equipment that would improve teaching and learning should be provided by the universities management. © Kamla-Raj 2016 J Communication, 7(2): 304-308 (2016)


ABSTRACT California's oil spill cooperatives joined forces to prepare a regional resource manual. The manual provided cooperative members detailed information on sensitive marine resources, respons...


The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle management, in particular to an RFID-based vehicle identification system. The system mainly comprises an electronic tag, a reader and a vehicle information management system, wherein the reader can read and write the electronic tag containing the vehicle identity and other information in a certain distance; and the identity information, obtained by the reader, in the electronic tag is transmitted to the vehicle information management system and the vehicle information management system searches and authenticates the identity information. The system can realize remote identification of the vehicle identity and can be widely applied to road transport management, traffic management, parking management, etc.


New experimental data on the viscosity, η(T), heat capacity CP(T), speed of sound c(T), and density ρ(T) of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate [BMIM][FAP] are reported that allow the development of wide range reference correlation. The measurements have been made at atmospheric pressure over a temperature range from (263 to 414) K for the viscosity (η), from 273 to 413 K for the heat capacity (CP), from 273 to 413 K for the density (ρ), and from 283 to 343 K for the speed of sound (c) using various types of commercial instruments. The combined expanded uncertainty of the viscosity, heat capacity, speed of sound, density, and temperature measurements at the 0.95 confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be 0.35% and 1.0% (for two different instruments), 1.5%, ± 0.5 m·s–1, (0.05 to 0.3) kg·m–3, and 0.05 K, respectively. These new experimental data were used to develop a wide range correlation for the viscosity based on theoretically confirmed Vogel–T...


In the article experience of acceptance and implementation of the legislation of the United States of America and the European Union concerning ensuring information security of the personality, society and the state is considered. The reasons, the sequence and consequences of adoption of special acts in military and civil spheres are traced. This experience is investigated for a potential possibility of his use for improvement of the information and legal sphere of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Key words: information security, information interests, Internet, mass media and communications.


'Flexible Fuel Cycle Initiative (FFCI)' has been proposed as a transition fuel cycle system from LWR to FBR, which utilize the same reprocessing facility (solvent extraction and FBR fuel fabrication facilities) for both LWR and FBR spent fuels after the separation of most U from spent LWR fuels and the temporary storage of residual (recycle) material if necessary. The effectiveness and flexibility of FFCI against various variations has been demonstrated before for the fixed deployment start time of FBR and reprocessing facility. This paper describes the flexibility of FFCI in case of unknown FBR deployment start time and compares with other fuel cycle systems such as separated LWR and FBR reprocessing facilities, and one LWR and FBR reprocessing facility. As a result, FFCI (with recycle material) was found to have better economy and proliferation resistance than other systems. FFCI also enables the steady decrease of spent LWR fuel and the harmonious transition to FBR cycle (FBR deployment start at any time after 2040) by the modularization of {approx}400 t/y U separation facilities and their successive deployment from 2040. FFCI can offer various options with high proliferation resistance and contribute the international project like GNEP. (authors)


Rework is defined as work that must be performed again to fix a condition that was caused during the conduct of work. It occurs in all management and industrial environments. This has always been acknowledged, but quantifying the amount and identifying the underlying problems are recent efforts that are beginning to pay dividends. This paper discusses the efforts of the Norfolk Naval Shipyard Production Department to identify, quantify, analyze, and solve basic rework problems. Key to the effectiveness of the program is the organization developed to manage this process. A discussion of significant successes is included.


Due to the difference in the numbers and strengths of physical relationships among parts, complex mechanical products (CMPs) have community structure characteristics. There are often some influential parts in the community. Failures of these influential parts spread rapidly along the physical relationships between parts in the community, which seriously affects the reliability of a product. Therefore, identifying the influential parts in the community and adopting targeted measures can effectively improve the reliability and service life of a product. However, identifying the influential parts within each community in a collection of parts with complex relationships is very difficult. Thus, from the perspective of reliability, a method for identifying the influential parts of a CMP based on complex network theory is proposed and used to identify the influential parts in each community of products. First, weighted complex network (WCN) theory is employed to construct a CMP into a WCN model. Second, the complex network community detection method is employed to detect the community structure of the WCN model. Third, a modified LocalRank algorithm is employed to identify the influential nodes in each community, ie, the influential parts in each community of a CMP. Fourth, a modified susceptible‐infectious‐recovered (SIR) model is employed to evaluate the impacts of the influential parts. An analysis of a company's DC drill planetary gearbox shows that the proposed method is accurate and effective.


Test is an integral part of teaching activity,many teachers are often busy giving test,printing test,organizing test and marking test on the end of semester,workload is big truly.Giving this,the author develops an online single option testing system based on PHP and MySQL,and hopes this article is helpful for teachers.


In view of the problems of waste of water resources, high labor intensity and unscientific irrigation during farmland irrigation, and the shortcomings of ZigBee technology in the water-saving irrigation system network, such as short transmission distance, complicated network structure, and signals that are easily interfered during transmission. This paper designs a farmland environment information collection and monitoring system based on NB-IoT. The system consists of a terminal collection node, a wireless communication module and a host computer. Farmland environment monitoring system based on wireless sensor network includes wireless temperature and humidity sensor, wireless nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor, Arduino MEGA development board NB-IoT communication module, gateway and Wasp mobile network, real-time collection, processing and wireless of farmland moisture data Transmission function, using NI LabVIEW software to compile the monitoring interface, real-time display of soil moisture in the form of waveform graph, and automatically control the opening and closing of the valve according to the soil moisture information. The system has flexible layout, long transmission distance, simple structure and integrated modules. It can achieve the purpose of precise irrigation and water saving, and is suitable for field planting, which has certain promotion significance.


U-Pb dating of the Paiman Granite, Sierra de Paiman, Chilecito, La Rioja. Conventional U-Pb zircon ages for the Paiman Granite are presented. The magmatic unit crops out in the eastern border of the Famatina range. Five zircon fractions were analysed from a coarse porphyritic granitoid, the major component in the Paiman-Chilecito area. Results are concordant for the five fractions and the mean 206 Pb/ 238 U age of 477.6 ± 4.1 Ma is Early Ordovician. This age confirms that the Paiman Granite is part of the Ocloyic magmatic phase and Famatinian belt. The pre- sent age together with the previous U-Pb ages from granitoids of the Famatinian belt between 28o and 33o S suggest that the magmatic activity occurred over a short time span of about 20 Ma, following no noticeable internal polarity within the belt.


We give an algorithm for bichromatic line segment intersection counting that runs in O(n p logn) time under the word RAM model via a reduction to dynamic predecessor search, oine point location, and oine dynamic ranking. This algorithm is the rst to solve bichromatic line segment intersection counting in o(n logn) time.


According to the literature the commencement of regular drug consumption takes place in late childhood or early puberty irrespective of whether the consumption entails legal or illegal drugs. In this connection there arises a tendency towards the polyvalent consumption of different types of drugs. There is an increasing risk of addiction through early drug consumption accompanied by neuropsychological consequences. Besides, a higher positive correlation between polytoxicomania und psychic disorders has been documented. The current study examines the psychomotoric starting point by using different types of investigative methods for the study group (n = 35). Compared to the control group, the study reveals clear differences in the whole body coordination as well as selected body and self concepts. The consequences of the findings are discussed with regard to their applicability to sport therapy interventions.


Extraction of tocopherols from soybean oil deodorizer distillate and their antioxidant effects were studied. Urea inclusion and saponification were applied to this process. It was discovered that the extracts not only had high content of tocopherols(48.8%) and high antioxidant activity but also had high rate of recovery(86.1%).


Relativistic DFT calculations are applied to some organo-neptunium (IV) complexes, Cp3NpIVX (Cp = η5-C5H5; X = BH4, Cl, OtBu, Ph, nBu), in order to understand their bonding properties between Np and the ligands. We employ scalar-relativistic ZORA Hamiltonian with all-electron basis set (SARC). The calculated electron densities at Np nucleus position in the complexes at B2PLYP / SARC theory strongly correlate to the experimental Mössbauer isomer shifts of 237Np system. The result of bond overlap population analysis indicates that the bonding strength decreases in order of X = BH4, Cl, OtBu, Ph and nBu. The tendency depends on the degree of the covalent interaction between Np 5f-electron and X ligand. It is suggested that it is important to estimate the bonding contribution of 5f-orbital to understand the electronic state for organoactinide complexes.


The rate constants for the reaction of primary alkyl radicals with substituted phenolic compounds have been measured in benzene or toluene at room temperature by using the radical clock technique. With three representative phenols, containing in the ortho positions substituents of different size, the kinetics of the hydrogen transfer to alkyl radicals was studied at different temperatures to obtain the corresponding Arrhenius parameters. The kinetic solvent effect on the reaction with α-tocopherol was also investigated in six different solvents behaving as hydrogen bond acceptors, while the reaction with 2,4,6-trimethylphenol and 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol was studied in toluene and γ-valerolactone. For some phenols, the effect of self-aggregation on the kinetic parameters was also studied.


Sugar cane cultivation, harvesting, cleaning, milling, derivatives production, warehouses, and transportation to ports were totally controlled by the Sugar Ministry (MINAZ) in the 1990's and the early years of the millennium. It had provincial offices, but the power resided with the Ministry's central location at Havana. The prices for inputs and outputs involved in sugar production, and the relationship between prices and subsidies were set by the Ministry of Finance and Prices.


Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination of 308nm excimer laser with topical 0.1% mometasone furoate cream in the treatment of vitiligo of the face.Methods 180 patients were divided into three groups randomly and there were 167 patients complete the observation.Group A is treatment group including 57 patients,they were treated twice weekly with 308nm excimer laser combined with topical 0.1% mometasone furoate cream once daily for 12 weeks.Group B is control group 1 including 56 patients,they were treated with 308nm excimer laser twice weekly alone for 12 weeks and 54 patients in group C as control group 2 were only treated with topical 0.1% mometasone furoate cream once daily for 12 weeks.Results The total excellence rate was 75.43%,48.21%,and 14.81% in group A,B and C respectively,which showed significant difference among the three groups(P0.05).No serious adverse events were recorded in the three groups.Conclusion The combination of 308nm excimer laser with topical 0.1% mometasone furoate cream can represent an effective and well-tolerate therapy for vitiligo of the face.


The surface structure of fluorinated poly(imidesiloxane)s (FSIM) with different segment lengths and contents of siloxane was investigated by ATR-FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Although fluorine and siloxane compounds have low surface energies, the surface composition of FSIM was strongly affected by their segment length. The longer segment length is, the higher surface segregation is. This indicates that the long segment has strong driving force to the surface.


To decrease the standard deviation in time fluctuations on time scale, in
this paper the optimization methods for long term model to satellite time scale (GPS,GLONASS)
have been discussed, and examined by using the data analyses at some time centers and time
laboratories. The results indicate that the long term time fluctuation to satellite time scales can
be transformed into white noise process by mean of the method with mixed model to correct or
control. The standard deviation for time fluctuations on GPS time scale can be decreased to 10
 ̄20ns, that is close to the short term results within one day; the result of GLONASS time scale
is bigger. The average improving degree for standard deviation to time fluctuations on
GLONASS time scale is about two times larger than GPS one. These results are reflected that
the effect with seasonal anniversary change on GLONASS time scale is obvious than GPS one.
It shows that the improving degree for the correcting (or controlling) method for long term model
on GLONASS time scale is larger than GPS one.


Flow cytometry, in conjunction with immunoprecipitation (IP‐FCM), is suggested to have some advantages to conventional IP‐western blot technology in analyzing protein complexes. In this paper, to further examine its practicability, we test the use of IP‐FCM in detecting the HSP90 complex, which has gained importance in drug research and development and involves more than a dozen components. We found that IP‐FCM could effectively detect HSP70, p23, Cdc37, and Cdk6 components in the HSP90 complex naturally formed in U937 cells when this complex was captured by anti‐HSP90 antibody‐coated polystyrene microspheres. IP‐FCM could also detect alteration in components caused by treating cells with HSP90 inhibitors. In a cell‐free environment, IP‐FCM could detect the direct effects of ATP and/or HSP90 inhibitors (17‐N‐allylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin or celastrol) in causing component dissociation and the time‐ and dose‐effects of inhibitor‐caused dissociation. IP‐FCM is a practical and powerful platform for analyzing HSP90 complex components, and is thus a useful tool in studying HSP90 complex function and screening inhibitors. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry


Dielectric polymer actuators normally operate at electric fields close to the dielectric breakdown strength of elastomeric materials, or in the range 30 ‐ 100 MV/m. The high electric fields required for dielectric actuator operation necessitate th e use of thin elastomeric films in their fabrication. In a recently completed Technology Investment Fund project, DRDC Atlantic and Bodycote Materials Testing Canada investigated various methods for producing dielectric actuators from thin polymeric films. During this study, methods were developed for the fabrication of rolled actuators using spray-casting, and fi bre actuators using melt processing. Spray-casting was carried out with a thermosetting polyether polyurethane formulation or a silicone elastomer, using a custom built apparatus for producing large area multi-layer films. Fibre actuators were fabricated from thermoplastic polyurethane using a co-extrusion process to produce hollow tubes with internal and external compliant electrodes. The most difficult challenges encountered were related to electrical termination of the compliant electrodes, and dielectric film conductivity. Results of this study are discu ssed along with performance data for rolled and fibre actuators.


The utility model provides a technical scheme of a percutaneous placement pedicle screw. According to the technical scheme, the pedicle screw comprises a U-shaped nail seat and the pedicle screw hinged with the U-shaped nail seat and having a self-distraction function, and is characterized in that an outer breaking groove is formed outside the U-shaped nail seat close to the pedicle screw; an inner breaking groove corresponding to the outer breaking groove is formed inside the U-shaped nail seat; and the outer breaking groove and the inner breaking groove divide the U-shaped nail seat into a U-shaped faucet seat close to one end of the pedicle screw and two long tails arranged at the other end of the pedicle screw and capable of being broken at the outer breaking groove and the inner breaking groove. According to the structure, as the long tails are provided, an operation can be performed outside the skin, and the long tails can be exposed outside the skin; after the operation, the long tails can be broken at the inner breaking groove and the outer breaking groove; and the pedicle screw is suitable for percutaneous placement micro invasive surgeries.


A controller for output voltage and power regulation is important for the wireless charging system. For the controller design, it is crucial to establish the accurate system model with considering the time delay, as high time delay exists due to wireless communication, data sampling, and processor calculations for a practical wireless power transfer system. Presently, the common modeling methods, such as the coupled-mode method are based on circuit theories and the component parameters. However, the exact parameters are hard to get due to the diversity of the equipment and application scenarios. Especially, the circuit theories modeling cannot deal with the time delay from hardware limitation and wireless communication. Alternatively, a data-driven modeling method based on the simplified refined instrumental variable method is proposed in this article to get the control-oriented model with time delay. Moreover, based on the estimated model, a controller based on the internal model control is designed to regulate the output voltage. It is shown that the models obtained based on different sampling times are able to accurately describe the system dynamics and the controllers designed based on them are able to achieve the desired control performance.


Quantitative and qualitative comparisons are made between laboratory measurements of rotating annulus flows and corresponding numerical model simulations. Two laboratory annuli, of similar dimensions but differing in instrumentation, are used. One contains a thermocouple array for temperature measurement: the other contains no sensor array but the working fluid is seeded with minute neutrally buoyant beads (600 mm diameter) which enable the horizontal velocity field to be measured. Each annulus has a rigid insulating lid in contact with the working fluid. the numerical model is a finite difference formulation based on the Navier-Stokes equations for baroclinic flow of a Boussinesq liquid. Although the atmosphere and the laboratory annulus are both rotating baroclinic fluid systems, the forcing processes acting in the annulus are much simpler than those acting in the atmosphere, and may be accurately represented by established formulae: under a wide range of conditions no parametrizations of subgrid-scale dynamical and diabatic processes are required. Comparison of numerical model results with laboratory measurements therefore enables the explicit dynamical formulation of numerical models of rotating, baroclinic flow to be verified to an extent which would be very difficult, if not impossible, to achieve using atmospheric data. Detailed quantitative comparisons for a steady wave flow reveal good agreement for major features of the temperature and horizontal flow fields, although a significant discrepancy in total heat flux is found. Qualitative comparisons are made by investigating the ability of the numerical model to reproduce the main flow types and phenomena of the laboratory system. Numerical simulations of intransitivity, hysteresis, wavenumber transitions, amplitude vacillation and a weak structural vacillation are described. Several suggestions for further comparative studies are made in conclusion.


Nowadays, there is strong desire for business enterprises to measure, analyze, evaluate and improve their performance due to an increasing competition from current dynamic business environment. Even though, the Ethiopian Leather Footwear Industry (LFI) has huge potential for boosting the country economy, the overall performance of the sector is unsatisfactory due to factors like poor performance measurement and improvement practices, poor planning and control practices and high manufacturing cost. Most performance measurement and improvement methods used so far are not well designed to learning and rarely consider the personal ambition of employees, which results in insufficient improvement in the organizations' performance. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess and evaluate the current performance management practice of Ethiopian LFIs and eventually forward a better firm level total performance improvement technique. A survey questionnaire is used to collect relevant data from fourteen LFIs. Furthermore, benchmarking to identify performance gaps and objective oriented cause and effect analysis to investigate the root causes of low performing industries have been used. The analyzed data confirmed low performance of the industries is due to poor performance measurement and improvement technique. In addition, most methods adopted by the industries doesn't bring expected change yet due to the limitations with the tools and implementation strategies. As a result, a new method for performance measurement and improvement called "total performance scorecard" along with compatible performance measurement framework and implementation guideline which leads to better performance of the Ethiopian footwear industry has been introduced.


In this paper,a Multi Agent Technology transformer fault diagnosis system model with fuzzy information fusion method is designed.This model uses MAS distributed fault diagnosis system architecture and fault diagnosis subsystems with three different online monitoring Agent running parallel between the two and both interactive information.This structure overcomes some shortcomings that the realtime and reliability are not strong.The simulation results demonstrated fault diagnosis based on fuzzy information fusion was reliable and feasible when the effectiveness of the method was analyzed and proved.


1. The purpose of the investigation was to characterize the luminal membrane and the paracellular pathway of rat lung alveolar epithelium. Experiments were performed on lungs in situ instilled with isotonic, buffered Ringer solution and perfused with blood from a donor rat using cross‐circulation technique. 2. The rate of active Na+ transport was 4.4 pmol/(cm2s). The fluid absorption was 156 nl/s, and was unaffected by the presence of protein in the instillate (166 nl/s). In the absence of Na+, fluid absorption was zero. Amiloride (10(‐3) M) reduced fluid absorption by 60%. Amiloride, combined with absence of D‐glucose, arrested fluid absorption completely. Phloridzin at the luminal side reduced fluid absorption whilst phloretin had no effect. Amiloride together with phloridzin (10(‐3) M) also arrested absorption. Thus, there are two entry systems for Na+ in the luminal membrane: Na+ channels and a Na+‐D‐glucose symport. These results show that alveolar fluid absorption is due to cellular activity. 3. Substitution of Cl‐ with gluconate not only stopped fluid absorption, but led to slight reversal of net fluid movement. 4. Passive unidirectional flux of Na+, determined with 22Na+, was 9.9 pmol/(cm2s) and that of Cl‐, determined with 36Cl‐, was 12.4 pmol/(cm2s). These fluxes were based on an assumed alveolar surface area of 5000 cm2. Transference numbers calculated from these figures are close to those in free solution, suggesting a neutral or weakly charged intercellular junctional pathway. The D‐mannitol permeability in the paracellular pathway was 1.7 X 10(‐8) cm/s. 5. It is a consequence of the proposed mechanism for fluid absorption that it becomes inoperative if the normally high reflexion coefficients for Na+ and Cl‐ are lowered in pathological states. In such conditions pulmonary oedema may develop depending on the net balance of passive mechanical and colloid‐osmotic forces. 6. An explanation of the reversal of fluid transport at the time of birth is presented.


Massive pulmonary embolus resulting in cardiac arrest and doubtful cerebral status may result in indecision as to whether to proceed to pulmonary embolectomy, especially if there is continuing cardiorespiratory instability. A case is reported on the use of fibrinolysis and cardiopulmonary bypass, allowing for the cerebral status of the patient to become more clearly defined while maintaining cardiopulmonary stability and attempting to treat the underlying pathological process.


We demonstrate the preparation of hierarchical porous structure composite particles containing sodalite cores,and outer zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) shells. The synthesis involved first synthesis of sodalite zeolites by hydrothermal reaction from alkali-activated kaolin with polyacrylamide acting as structure-directing agent, and followed by the directly in stu growth ZIF-8 nanoparticles shells over the sodalite microparticles. The resulting core shell structure ZIF-8@Sodalite composites were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) Nitrogen adsorption, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), hermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). SEM picture showed ZIF-8 particles adhesive on the surface of Sodalite. The composites have a nitrogen sorption capability as high as around 120 cm3/g and a BET surface area of over 328.86 m2/g, which are much higher than that of pure sodalites. The weight percentage of ZIF-8 loading on sodalite external surface can be calculated to be approximately 12% by mass loss on the TG curves. It is believed that the designed ZIF-8@Sodalite particles could broaden the application areas of zeolites in heterogeneous catalysis.


In the future no new commodity surfactants will be added to the well-known products which have proved successful in application and are toxicologically and environmentally safe. Further work will be done on the improvement of the production processes and the performance of continuously increasing quality demands. Nevertheless, synthesis development will still be required for co-surfactants, additives and special products in the field of washing and cleaning, mild surfactants for personal care products, and new products for manifold industrial processes including microtechnique and medicinal engineering. This paper presents some recent syntheses which result in unconventional surface active substances, and it shows fields of development which may gain in importance in the future: enzyme catalysis, biosurfactants, polymer surfactants and polymerisable surfactants.


Many sellers for large data centers and the others are not required to buy a strategy used in the sales center for the purchase. Sell on social networks such site online shopping sites, commerce, or to find out the public media and Internet marketing site and can buy things over the Internet, as well as a variety of names, the differences can be. A network of online contacts between personally met the target (or target) and a network of associations known as "informal communication", is a manager. Online networking played an important role in promoting this pillow. Applying the 21st century, with the help of the internet and social media is part of the business strategy. Social Media Marketing In the late 21st century, almost as a means of social media, many companies use some form of social media marketing. With the advent of the Internet / IT, marketing style has changed, every business must use new technology. They connect to the Internet (Facebook, Tweeter, Linkedin) smartphone usage daily. In this study, we chose them with the academic and professional online marketing of a collaborative platform coming into public media and general marketing activities and network traffic and user interaction character in literature, we need to know. In this article, social media, newspapers, some of the users of social media campaigns and marketing materials, research, and direct online reviews.


A fast respiratory rate, altered mental status, and low blood pressure are the three key symptoms that doctors can use to identify sepsis and start treatment earlier, a new global consensus1 has recommended. The consensus redefines sepsis and septic shock with the aims of making them easier to diagnose and of reducing associated deaths.

A panel of 19 sepsis specialists from around the world reviewed the available literature, epidemiological data, and expert opinion on how to differentiate sepsis from …


Abstract : This bibliography is an outgrowth of an extensive international survey covering sixteen countries. It is a comprehensive listing of material available on the Delphi Methodology and studies that have utilized it.


The current necessity of the scientific and industrial community, for reduction of aircraft maintenance cost and duration, prioritizes the need for development of innovative nondestructive techniques enabling fast and reliable defect detection on aircraft fuselage and wing skin parts. Herein, a new low-cost thermographic strategy, termed Pulsed Phase-Informed Lock-in Thermography, operating on the synergy of two independent, active infrared thermography techniques, is reported for the fast and quantitative assessment of superficial and subsurface damage in aircraft-grade composite materials. The two-step approach relies on the fast, initial qualitative assessment, by Pulsed Phase Thermography, of defect location and the identification of the optimal material-intrinsic frequency, over which lock-in thermography is subsequently applied for the quantification of the damage's dilatational characteristics. A state-of-the-art ultra-compact infrared thermography module envisioned to form part of a fully-automated autonomous nondestructive testing inspection solution for aircraft was conceived, developed, and tested on aircraft-grade composite specimens with impact damages induced at variable energy levels and on a full-scale aircraft fuselage skin composite panel. The latter task was performed in semi-automated mode with the infrared thermography module mounted on the prototype autonomous vortex robot platform. The timescale requirement for a full assessment of damage(s) within the sensor's field of view is of the order of 60 s which, in combination with the high precision of the methodology, unfolds unprecedented potential towards the reduction in duration and costs of tactical aircraft maintenance, optimization of efficiency and minimization of accidents.


Carbonizing fine coal after drying is discussed and results of tests on several Texas lignites and other typical western coals that have been processed in the Bureau's pilot plant in Denver, Colo. are presented.


Objective To assess fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients with septic shock by central venous pressure(CVP) and global end diastolic volume index(GEDVI).Methods Fifty-five mechanically ventilated patients with septic shock underwent 55 liquid load tests(LLT),within 30 minutes,the subjects received an intravenous infusion of 6 ml/kg of 6%hydroxyethyl starch(200/0.5).The CVP was monitored through a catheter introduced via the right internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein.The cardiac index(CI) and GEDVI before and after fluid loading were monitored by pulse-induced contour cardiac output(PiCCO).Positive fluid responsiveness was defined as an increase in CI(△CI) by 15%or more.Hemodynamic changes before and after LLT were observed and the correlations between CVP,GEDVI and ACI were assessed.Results The change rate of CVP after volume treatment of responders was higher than that of non-responders,but there was no significant difference(P 0.05).The change rate of GEDVI after volume treatment of responders was higher than that of non-responders,there was significant difference(P0.01).CVP and GEDVI before the resuscitation showed increase after the resuscitation.There was no significant correlation between ACVP and ACI,while there was positive correlation between AGEDVI and ACI(r = 0.816,P0.01).Conclusion Compared with CVP,GEDVI can better reflect cardiac preload in septic shock patients,and predict fluid responsiveness.


Software developed in house in combination with a recently developed method of MALDI-TOF MS enable not only the elucidation of individual chain structures of poly(lactide-co-glycolide), a polymer used extensively in the medical sector, but a full characterization of this copolymer including even its chemical composition and topology (random, gradient, block (see figure), or alternating).


Taekwondo is a martial art and Olympic sport that has experienced a significant growth in the number of practitioners worldwide. These developments have triggered the beginning and development of scientific activity around this discipline. In the other hand, bibliometric studies are methodological tools that have been recently applied to martial arts. In this way, the aim of the present study is to carry out a bibliometric analysis of Taekwondo scientific production published on the main Latin American databases. All articles related with taekwondo, extracted from Dialnet, SciELO and Redalyc databases, published in Spanish or Portuguese, regardless of the date of publication were included in this research. Data mining was conducted on March, 2014. The results indicate that 75 scientific articles were written from 1995 to 2013, presenting an irregular development along time. Training Theory and Psychology were the most studied areas; while Cuba, Spain, Brazil and Mexico are the most productive countries. The inclusion of Taekwondo as an Olympic sport has triggered its research in Latin American countries, focusing on issues related with sports performance. In addition, the most productive countries seem to get better sport results in international Taekwondo competitions. To sum up, a relationship between scientific research and Latin American countries sport results might exist


Concrete has been developed in several ways to avoid environmental contamination and improve the quality and properties of concrete by replacing some cement with products from other industrial processes such as pozzolanic materials, including nano-silica (NS). The aim was to improve the concrete properties by filling the spaces between the cement particles, resulting in more dense and stronger concrete by using an ultrasonic device to prevent the nano-silica particles from agglomeration and to ensure their dispersion when the mixture was moistened with water. The effect of partial replacement of cement by nano-silica (NS) was studied by making several concrete mixtures with multiple ratios of nano-silica (NS), the ideal ratio was when using 1% nano-silica (NS) which increased the compressive strength of concrete by 8.5%, then. The behavior of 7 inverted concrete T-beams was studied and they were divided into three groups. In terms of nano-silica impact and change of reinforcement ratio (flexure and shear) in beams and results were increased concrete properties such as Ultimate load, Initial crack load, and toughness of inverted Tbeams contain 1% NS as partial replacement of cement by 6.6%, 31.4%, and 16.65% respectively compared to control beam without NS.


Atlas of Canada (1915: Dominion Bureau of Statistics. A new edition is in preparation incorporating the results of the 1921 Census). Canada: Acts of Parliament and of the Provincial Legislatures, Debates and Sessional Papers. Canada Year Boolc (annually: Dominion Bureau of Statistics). Canadian Institute (Toronto), Transactions. Kennedy, W. P. M., The Constitution of Canada: Its Development and Law (19~3). Review of Historical Publications Relating to Canada (1896-1918. The new series under the title The Canadian Historical Review is in progress, quarterly. These publications contain authoritative reviews of the economic literature and are well indexed). Royal Society of Canada. Transactions. Shortt and Doughty (Ed.), Canada and Its Provinces (23 Vols: 1914. Well indexed with a good bibliography). Supreme Court Reports of Canada and of the Provinces. The Canadian Annual Review (Toronto: yearly). Dominions Royal Commission, Fifth Interim Report, relating to Canada (Cd., 8457). Final Report on the Natural Resources, Trade and Legislation (Cd., 8462)., Minutes of Evidence (Canada) (Cd., 7971, 8458, 8459).


Driver sleepiness is a hazard state, which can easily lead to traffic accidents. To detect driver sleepiness in real time, a novel driver sleepiness detection system using support vector machine (SVM) based on eye movements is proposed. Eye movements data are collected using SmartEye system in a driving simulator experiment. Characteristic parameters, which include blinking frequency, gaze direction, fixation time, and PERCLOS, are extracted based on the data using a statistical method. 13 sleepiness detection models including 12 specific models and 1 general model are developed based on SVM. Experimental results demonstrate that eye movements can be used to detect driver sleepiness in real time. The detecting accuracy of the specific models significantly exceeds the general model (P < 0.001), suggesting that individual differences are an important consideration when building detection algorithms for different drivers.


Based on the reliability index,a simple and efficient reconfiguration algorithm for complex distribution networks is presented.This algorithm decomposes the optimization process of network reconfiguration into the sub-reconfiguration problem corresponding to dynamic change of connection switches.One-loop networks with different network topology will be obtained through closing connection switches one by one,and a new reconfiguration algorithm is proposed for the one-loop network between the feeders and the one-loop network inside the feeder respectively.Furthermore,results on a real power system show effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


Objective: To investigate predispositionand risk factors of stable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease(CHD)with phlegm and stasis combined syndrome.Methods: 240 cases with stable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease(CHD)with phlegm and stasis combined syndrome in the out-patient department and in-patient department of 10 hospitals,June 2011 to January 2012,were collected to make statistics analysis of their materials.Results: The survey found that patients with coronary heart disease cases were overweight or obese,dyslipidemia,cold,emotion,and other sports were the main cause of the disease.Conclusion: In many predisposition and risk factors,dyslipidemia,weight,cold,emotions and other sports were the highest proportion.Controling predispositionand and risk factors can avoid acute cardiovascular events.


In this paper 41 case reports of the patients undergone medical treatment for lower extremeties deformities of different genesis, Blount disease, exostotic dysplasia, postrickets and posttraumatic etiology in Nizhny Novgorod Research Centre of Traumotology and Orthopaedy (NIITO) in 2008 20012 were analysed. Such less-invasive surgical interventions of treatment as periosteotomy and hemiepiphyseodesis were used. Periods of deformity correction varied from 6 to 20 months. Correction index in case of hemiepiphyseodesis combined with periosteotomy equalled 2,1°, exceeding the rates with periosteotomy (1°) or hemiepiphyseodesis (1,67°) conducted separately. After the correction of extremity axes up to normal there was a recovery tendency for even load distribution 50% for each extremity, that is the support rate was equal to one. According to KSCRS scheme the patients´ total mark was about 100 and averaged 98±1.


Research on lay categorization processes has revealed that it can lead to distortions. Yet researchers routinely categorize people into groups and cultures. We argue that researchers should be aware that social categories are (1) perspectival, (2) historical, (3) disrupted by the movement of people, and (4) re-constitutive of the phenomena they seek to describe. We illustrate these problems with reference to contemporary research on globalization and the "clash of cultures". It is argued that problematizing cultural categories would do more to reduce inter-group conflict than reifying them.


Occurrence of sharp eyespot was determined in the period 2006–2008, on commercial fields of spring cereals, localized in northern and central Poland. Percent of infected stems, and the disease index were evaluated. Occurrence of sharp eyespot on spring cereals, especially on oat, was low. Slight infection was mostly observed. In some farm fields, disease symptoms were not observed. A significant difference in the occurrence of sharp eyespot on barley in respective years was noted. On commercial farms, the effect of previous crop and fungicidal treatment on occurrence of sharp eyespot was not observed. Significant variation of the infection was noted only for barley. Presence of Rhizoctonia cerealis and R. solani in the damaged tissues was confirmed by mycological analysis as well as PCR assay.


A redox induced structural transformation for 2 monolayers of vanadia on R-TiO2(110) (rutile) was studied by in situ X-ray standing waves and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The VOX film was grown by atomic layer deposition. Oxidation and reduction were carried out by annealing in O2 and H2, respectively. We found that an epitaxial rutile VO2 film was formed in the reduced phase with V 4+ cations in lateral alignment with Ti lattice positions. Oxidation was found to produce V 5+ cations uncorrelated to the substrate lattice in the oxidized phase. The redox induced structural and oxidation state transformation proved reversible and involved the entire film; not just the surface layer. The current study suggests that the structural order needs to be considered in order to study the activity of supported vanadium oxide catalysts.


Software Transactional Memory Systems (STM) are a promising alternative to lock based systems for concurrency control in shared memory systems. In multiversion STM systems, each write on a transaction object produces a new version of that object. The advantage obtained by storing multiple versions is that one can ensure that read operations do not fail. Opacity is a commonly used correctness criterion for STM systems. Multi-Version permissive STM system never aborts a read-only transaction. Although many multi-version STM systems have been proposed, to the best of our knowledge none of them have been formally proved to satisfy opacity. In this paper we present a time-stamp based multiversion STM system that satisfies opacity and mv-permissiveness. We formally prove the correctness of the proposed STM system. We also present garbage collection procedure which deletes unwanted versions of the transaction objects and formally prove it correctness.


The document details the progress of R b D activities13; in Aerospace Electronics and Systems Division for calender13; year 1990.


The article examines the bill developed by the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, which provides for the creation of a unified register of information contained in the reports on the assessment of objects of assessment (Register). The requirements of the current legislation for the information openness of the process of assessing objects of assessment are analyzed. The article also provides the names and details of the current legal acts governing the disclosure of information about assessment reports. The authors note that at present there are three types of information resources that must include the above data: (1) the Unified Federal Register of Information on the Facts of the Activities of Legal Entities and the Unified Federal Register of Bankruptcy Information included in it; (2) the data fund of the state cadastral valuation; (3) official websites of self-regulatory organizations of appraisers on the Internet. The negative aspects of the lack of a single resource for information on reports compiled on the basis of the results of determining the value of appraisal objects are indicated, and the prepared draft law is aimed at eliminating them. The authors structure the data to be included in the Register according to the document under consideration, according to the following parameters: type of information; cases of mandatory entry into the Register, the availability of publicly available information in the context of their types; persons and organizations submitting information, in the context of their types. In addition, the objectives of the introduction of the Register, contained in the explanatory note to the draft law, are analyzed. The analysis makes it possible to conclude that the Register, if the bill under consideration is adopted, will be able to perform the functions entrusted to it only partially. Information on the market value of appraisal objects entered in the Register (if it is formed) can be used as initial data for determining the cadastral value of land plots and their improvements. The article examines the degree of possibility of the Register's application in the framework of the state cadastral valuation of real estate. The authors make a number of proposals to improve the usefulness of the Register for determining the cadastral value of land plots, buildings, structures, construction in progress, premises, parking spaces. They recommend to use a cadastral number as a unique single identifier in the Register, in the case when the object of assessment is a real estate object. Another reasonable proposal is to organize a structured storage of data in the Register (if it is created) in order to perform an information and analytical function on the objects of assessment, analogue objects, various indicators that affect the market value of land plots and their improvements, from assessment reports.


In this paper, a IN/M1.1 flare is studied in Ho, soft X-ray and hard X-rayemissions. Both thermal and nonthermal emissions are found in this flare whichdemonstrate various tempo-spatial features. Through investigating the observationsfrom all available wavelengths, the thermal or nonthermal properties of the flare canbe determined, with respect to which, distinctively different types of Her line profilesin different flare regions can be explained.


We have previously shown that TGF‐β1 exerts a bifunctional effect on RAC proliferation. Added to quiescent cultures, it inhibits the entry of G0/G1 cells into S phase whereas in S phase synchronized populations, it stimulates the DNA replication rate with a delayed G2+ M phase and a subsequent transient increase of cell number. As TGF‐β2 and β3 isoforms are also expressed in bone and cartilage tissues, it was of interest to study their effect on RAC proliferation, in comparison to that of TGF‐β1.


New oral anticoagulants (NOACs) offer an alternative to warfarin for preventing stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. NOACs are expected to replace warfarin and other vitamin K antagonists for most of their indications in the future. Knowledge of the use of NOACs in the perioperative period is important for optimal care.


The SP2 provides information on the amounts of rBC (refractory black carbon) and of other, non-refractory substances associated with individual rBC containing particles by simultaneously measuring the scattering and incandescence signals of such particles that are directed through the cavity of a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser. (refractory Black Carbon) rBC mixing ratio (ng/Kg) and number size distribution time series collected during the DOE-ARM sponsored ACME-V field campaign held from June 1 to September 15, 2015 rBC mixing ratio is reported at STP conditions Time resolution: 10 sec Uncertainty: ~ 30% SP2 Unit: 25 Location: Deadhorse, AK Location: N 70-degree 11' 41'' - W 148-degress. 27' 55'' SP2_dateTime: UTC rBC concentration is in units of ng/Kg - dry air. Mass Equivalent Diameters [MED] used for size distribution (SP2_min; SP2_geo; and SP2_max) are in units of micrometers dN/dlogDp counts for a given size bin (SP2_geo) listed as 'SP2_cnts_0 - SP2_cnts_199' and are in units of #/cc. Column naming convention: 'SP2_cnts_X' are the number of particles in bin number _X. , where _X is the row number within the 'SP2_geo' size bin column that contains the mass equivalent diameter (e.g., SP2_cnts_0 = 0.01 microns; SP2_cnts_10 = 0.060 microns, etc.). The dN/dlogDp data ismore » time-resolved where a given row is associated with the timestamp for that row. Note that the rBC column length is one field shorter than the SP2_datetime column. Last time field is not relevant to the rBC time series (see comment below on length of SP2_datetime column) Lengths for SP2_max; SP2_min; SP2_geo are one field longer then the number of SP2_cnts_XX columns . This is to provide bounds for image plots (if desired). Length for SP2_datetime is one field longer than that length of the SP2_cnts_XX columns This is to provide bounds for image plots (if desired) SP2 Calibration: Fullerene soot with corrrection applied for particle density as a function of particle size. No correction for OC content in Fullerene (recent study on SP2 sensitivity to differing black carbon types reports that non-refractory material content for fullerene soot is about 20%).« less


Air pollution and its deleterious public health risks are a major concern across the world. It is one of the leading health risk factors causing high mortality and disease burden in many cities. Epidemiological risk assessment studies have generated considerable evidence of disease burden due to air pollution. Such evidence proves useful as inputs for framing various air quality management and public health protection policies. Implementation of these policies also necessitates a critical insight from a perspective of differential population vulnerability to air pollution. Hence, the present study proposes a methodological approach for developing an integrated vulnerability assessment framework that focuses on multidimensional aspects adhering to vulnerability in nexus with health risk characterization. The designed framework has been applied in a pilot case study undertaken in four districts of Delhi, India. Weightage has been multiplied by a normalized score for each indicator to calculate the vulnerability score. The score reflects relative vulnerability level based on the components – emission load, exposure, land use–land cover features, sensitivity and coping capacity. Findings of the study have shown maximum score for East Delhi and minimum score for New Delhi. Hence the study throws light on the factors that are contributing towards the vulnerability of human health to air pollution.


The present invention discloses an alignment system for a radar apparatus and a method for aligning a radar apparatus, a buffer such that during the assembly of the guide rail, a front end module and the vehicle body, the alignment tolerances no significant effect by .


Given some statements made about method 3 [MorelSeytoux et al., 1996], a casual reader may draw wrong conclusions regarding that conversion method. In addition, even though the authors warned the reader regarding the use of the Brooks-Corey (BC) method for water balance calculations in the text (p. 2576), that warning does not appear in the conclusions and that side comment may be missed by the reader. Its importance deserves to be emphasized. Retention data can be fitted either by the BC expression or the van Genuchten (VG) one or, for that matter, using other expressions [Morel-Seytoux and Nimmo, 1999]. If one's goal is simply to get a good least squares fit to the retention data, the Lenhard procedure [Lenhard et al., 1989] for conversion is acceptable. If Ma et al. [1999] have difficulty curve fitting the retention data directly to the BC expression and prefer to fit first with the VG expression and then use Lenhard's conversion formulae, this is a legitimate alternative.


Objective The aim of this study was to characterize the biological natures of human lung epithelial cells(HLEC), which were subcultured from human fetal lung primary culture. Methods HLEC cells were assayed for their growth characters by measuring population doubling time and soft-agar colony forming experiment. Epithelial molecular markers were detected by keratin and E-cadherin immunofluorescent staining. Chromosome medal number and human Alu-sequence based PCR were also performed to characterize their cytogenetic nature and specie origin. The cells were further inoculated into nude mice to exclude tumorigenecity. Finally, β-galactosidase staining was used for evaluating its senescence status. Results HLEC cells had constant population doubling time among different passages, and very few β-galactosidase positive cells were found even in cultures over 100 passages. They were positive for keratin, E-cadherin, with normal structure of microfilaments. Chromosome(medal number was 41-44) and Alu-PCR verified its human origin. Furthermore, they were not tumorigenetic in nude mice. Conclusion HLEC cells are spontaneously immortalized, sub-diploid human lung epithelial cells. They can be used as a model for the research of lung cancer.


Abstract As a new low-carbon travel mode, bike sharing has become an important tool for urban residents to travel short distances. However, dockless bike-share trips could be influenced by weather ...