Controlled fabrication and identification of bright single-photon emitters is at the heart of quantum optics. Here we demonstrate controlled engineering of a chromium bright single-photon source in bulk diamond by ion implantation. The Cr center has fully polarized emission with a zero-phonon line centered at 749 nm, full width at half maximum of 4 nm, an extremely short lifetime of ?1ns, and a count rate of 0.5× 106 counts/s. By combining the polarization measurements and the vibronic spectra, a model of the center has been proposed consisting of one interstitial chromium atom with a transition dipole along one of the (100) directions


The prime objective of this research work is to develop an efficient small scale-dependent computational framework incorporating microstructural tensors of dilatation gradient, rotation gradient, and deviatoric stretch gradient to analyze nonlinear lateral stability of cylindrical microshells. The numerical strategy is established based upon a mixed formation of the third-order shear deformable shell model and modified strain gradient continuum mechanics. The graphene nanoplatelet reinforcements are assumed to be randomly dispersed in a checkerboard scheme within the resin matrix. Accordingly, to extract the effective material properties, the Monte Carlo simulation together with a probabilistic technique are employed. The numerical solution for the microstructural-dependent nonlinear problem is carried out via the moving Kriging meshfree method having the capability to accommodate accurately the essential boundary conditions using proper moving Kriging shape function. It is represented that the role of the stiffening characters related to the effect of microstructural dilatation gradient, rotation gradient, and deviatoric stretch reduces continuously by going to deeper territory of the load-deflection stability path. Moreover, it is indicated that among various microstructural gradient tensors, the stiffening character of the rotation gradient is higher than deviatoric stretch gradient, and the stiffening character of the latter is more considerable than the dilatation gradient tensor.


Abstract This research examines consumers' value perceptions and their role in hospital choice behavior in rural and suburban markets. While health care markets are "local," this study confirms the broad efficacy of a value-based approach to understanding consumer choice of providers.


More than half the participants in a survey of Canadian research university librarians indicated that scholarship activities were required or encouraged at their universities, yet most university librarians have year-round schedules of assigned duties that present challenges to the engagement in sustained, meaningful scholarship. Full-time librarians reported spending an average of 47 hours per week on all of their responsibilities combined, but most librarians devote less than five hours per week to scholarly activities. Ideally, librarians would like to spend 15 percent of their time on scholarship. Strategies for increasing time and support for scholarship are considered.


Concurrent development model which is also referred to as concurrent engineering, is an approach to design and develop products where different stages are executed simultaneously. The product development time and the time to market are decreased, leading to improved productivity and reduced costs. In this paper, we will discuss about the process involved in the development, the model of organization of the development process, and further we will focus on various attributes and elements of concurrent process development and we will also discover how it finds its application in today's world. Keywords— Concurrent Development Model, Improved Productivity, Reduced Costs


The relationship between the organization and its clients is the life of every enterprise, whetherit is a multinational corporation of several billion employees and a multi-million-deposit businessor sole traders with a handful of daily customers. The relationship between the organization andits traditions is the key concern. Between these two cases, consumer relationship management(CRM) is the same in theory and may differ significantly. Both the company and consumers havesome factors to meet, such as the desires and expectations of all sides, before forming a contract.We need to earn a profit to succeed and to improve clients expect excellent support, better goodsand reasonable pricing. The implementation of a CRM program will impact consumer serviceand customer knowledge for various purposes. Likewise, adopting a CRM strategy woulddefinitely affect consumer loyalty and awareness. CRM guarantees that consumers are happyand strengthens ties between the company and its clients. Such practices improve the partnershipbetween customers and sales representatives. The study carried out the quantitative approach inthe delivery of the questionnaire to more than 100 bank customers. In concise and inferentialstatistics, the data were handled using the SPSS statistical method. Data indicates that the strongrelationship between consumer loyalty and customer happiness of CRM technologies occurs andthe stronger the overall customer satisfaction score, the larger the volume of CRM technologydeployed.


With the development of leadership researches,the related researches of principal behavior have increased quickly.The study on structure dimensions of principal leadership behavior is very important.Principal leadership behavior can be divided into five dimensions as follows: empowerment,professional development,school culture organization,coordination of internal and external relations in schools and instructional leadership.These five dimensions are not divided simplely but an entirety which is blended and influenced each other.


The application is a phishing server to the user while browsing, without requiring a specific search by a user. Application is a user Surfacing can be selected based on content, or a combination thereof of the page corresponding to the network address entered in the address bar of the browser, the network address. Standing application to be phishing can be selected based on the address based on the address section, type in the bar and / or the currently visible in the browser displays Web page content.


The article contains the materials reflecting the importance and necessity of formation and development of teenagers" combinatorial and logic thinking. The system of elected mathematics courses is developed the technologies and techniques that promote solution of the stated problem are selected. The author views the tasks of the three experiment stages and its basic results, which prove the importance of research developments.


This paper describes the SUMMiT® V Design Tools, a suite of CAD tools that enable a SUMMiT® (Sandia Ultra-Planar Multilevel MEMS Technology) MEMS designer to meet the 'Design-To-Analysis' challenge. Sandia has developed a MEMS design tool suite integrated with a commercial 3D mechanical CAD tool, AutoCAD® . Designed for use with the SUMMiT® process, it includes in-house written design tools: a 2D Process Visualizer [2], a fast 3D Visualizer, a detailed 3D Model Generator [3], a finite element mesh generator [4], a library of standard components [5], and a Design Rule Check system [6].Copyright © 2002 by ASME


The normal lubrication of the cardiac machine appears to be effected by the ductless glands. Adrenal or pituitary extracts, for example, both increase the amount of contractile material which a given amount of calcium can activate. In cardiac failure, however, there seems to be some clogging influence at work hindering the normal functioning of calcium and incapable of rectification by the ductless glands. Digitalis imay, however, rectify mnatters, though few would employ it until some unknown clogging influence arising from the intestinal tract had been first removed. The beneficial action of digitalis on a cardiac contraction is, thus, exerted through calcium, and partakes of a lubrication of the latter. That lubrication gives us a sound reason for employing the drug. Barium, however, exerts its particular effects in a quite different manner. When it is introduced into the cardiac system there follows a fight between it and calcium for the possession of that structure through which calcium exercises.its normal effects. If barium acted more efficiently in the cardiac machine we should thus have good reason for replacing calcium by barium at a time when the calcium itself works under stress. But it is less efficient than calcium, so that its introduction into the cardiac system could only make bad matters worse. Experiments were done on a heart, and the proportions between the amounts of barium and calcium used were approximately those existing in a well-known barium well. It was seen that immediately after the barium was introduced into the solution the heights of the contractions were slightly increased and that there was also an increase of tone. But it was also seen that the full effect of the barium was exerted almost immediately after it was introduced, and that thereafter its efficiency was diminished. Another important point is that all the increase of activity due to the barium disappeared immediately after-, the barium was removed. But even more important is the fact that the last state of the heart was worse than the first. Barium left the heart less capable of activity than it was before. That depression of activity after barium I find to be general. I havq also, found that digitalis is an effective antidote to the depression produced by.barium. The presence of barium in the waters of -a well should not, then, be regarded as an indication for their use in cases of cardiac insufficiency. Whatever therapeutic action barium possesses can be performed more efficiently by digitalis, and there is that post-barium depression which is something not seen after digitalis.


Sequence-tagged sites (STSs) were developed for the human alpha-tropomyosin gene TPM4. One STS was used to amplify DNA from somatic cell hybrids to localize TPM4 to chromosome 19. The other, a product from a long-range PCR, was used directly as a probe to refine the localization of TPM4 to 19p13.1 by fluorescence in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosome spreads.


We propose a genetic-algorithm-based approach for extracting a small number of fuzzy if-then rules with clear linguistic meanings from numerical input-output data. The goal is to construct a comprehensible fuzzy rule-based system from numerical input-output data. The comprehensibility of a fuzzy rule-based system is evaluated by three criteria: linguistic interpretability of fuzzy if-then rules; simplicity of fuzzy if-then rules; and compactness of a fuzzy rule-based system. We first illustrate the necessity of general rules with many "don't care" conditions when we try to construct compact fuzzy rule-based systems for high-dimensional problems without the exponential increase in the number of fuzzy if-then rules. Then we illustrate a fuzzy reasoning method for realizing default hierarchies of fuzzy if-then rules. Finally, we show how genetic algorithms can be utilized for generating a small number of fuzzy if-then rules from numerical input-output data.


Consumer electronics (CE) are integral parts of the Internet of Things (IoT). Manufacturers are designing and marketing CE devices that can perform functions that were unheard of only a year or so ago. The exponential growth of the IoT is, in part, the result of manufacturers adding wireless modules into all manner of products, which subjects those products to federal radio frequency (RF) equipment rules. Discusses FCC regulations that impact CE manufactured products.


Progress on the problem of signature verification has advanced more rapidly in online applications than offline applications, in part because information which can easily be recorded in online environments, such as pen position and velocity, is lost in static offline data. In offline applications, valuable information which can be used to discriminate between genuine and forged signatures is embedded at the stroke level. We present an approach to segmenting strokes into stylistically meaningful segments and establish a local correspondence between a questioned signature and a reference signature to enable the analysis and comparison of stroke features. Questioned signatures which do not conform to the reference signature are identified as random forgeries. Most simple forgeries can also be identified, as they do not conform to the reference signature's invariant properties such as connections between letters. Since we have access to both local and global information, our approach also shows promise for extension to the identification of skilled forgeries.


In this article, the change in examinee effort during an assessment, which we will refer to as persistence, is modeled as an effect of item position. A multilevel extension is proposed to analyze hierarchically structured data and decompose the individual differences in persistence. Data from the 2009 Program of International Student Achievement (PISA) reading assessment from N = 467,819 students from 65 countries are analyzed with the proposed model, and the results are compared across countries. A decrease in examinee effort during the PISA reading assessment was found consistently across countries, with individual differences within and between schools. Both the decrease and the individual differences are more pronounced in lower performing countries. Within schools, persistence is slightly negatively correlated with reading ability; but at the school level, this correlation is positive in most countries. The results of our analyses indicate that it is important to model and control examinee effort in low-stakes assessments.


The utility model discloses a box of a speed reducer. The box of the speed reducer comprises a shell of the speed reducer and a bearing which is arranged in the shell, wherein an oil guide groove is formed between the inner side of the shell of the speed reducer and the bearing; and one end of the oil guide groove is fixed on the inner wall of the shell of the speed reducer, and the other end of the oil guide groove extends to an end face of the bearing. The box of the speed reducer has the characteristics of ideal lubricating effect of the bearing, low consumption of lubricating oil, reasonable structure, low manufacturing cost, and the like.


In order to survey and control the remote transport vehicles,the program regardsμCOSII as embedded development platform to build an internet access platform terminal for embedded devices.Taking lpc2368 as the core chip,getting image data with serial microcamera, using SIM700 as GPRS communication module,the system can fulfill the longdistance survey and the management perfectly.The operation efficiency enhanced nearly 21% in experimental verification.


The supply of efficient, reliable and affordable electric power is a panacea to foster development in any country. Development of electricity infrastructure is undoubtedly a capital intensive project that must be carefully and holistically planned especially when future expansion frame work is taken into consideration. For Nigeria to keep pace with other developed countries which have exhibited a substantial growth in economic development, the existing gap between the electric power demand and supply of the country must be bridged. Till now, Nigeria is still entrenched in constricted opportunity for development due to frequent outages resulting from shortage in generation, as well as inadequate transmission and distribution infrastructure. Within the ambient of socio-economic development and increase in human population electric load demand is on the increase over the years. This research studies a load demand forecasting for residential section of the power sector using time series as a tool for analysis. The outcome shows there is need to constantly improve power generating, transmission and distribution network to deliver at least 20,000mw of power to its residents in other to meets the estimated or forecasted power of 19576.05 MW in the year 2030


Cervical cancer, which is the fourth commonest cancer in women with an estimated 570,000 new cases in 2018 globally, and kills over 265,000 women annually, is preventable to a large extent [1]. The recognition of the role of the HPV (high risk HPV, hr HPV) in the aetiology of Cancer cervix has led to the development of anti-HPV vaccines, which enable primary prevention of at least 70% of cancer cervix [2,3]. Cervical pre-cancerous states, which have a slow evolution to cancer, with a median interval of 23.5 years (10 years in 1.6%) in some studies [4], provide a window period for intervention. Appropriate treatment of cervical precancer of together with meticulous follow up enable secondary prevention of cervical cancer. The focus of this chapter is detection, treatment and follow up of pre-cancerous lesions of the cervix in the light of currently available evidence.


N-puzzle is a classic problem in artificial intelligence.Combining with the implementation process of solving 8-puzzle,analyzed the designing of the storage mechanism,judging of the solvability,designing of moving rules,and search strategy of solving n-puzzle problem.Compared with traditional search algorithm,A* algorithm has faster speed and less memory usage.Based on the framework of A* algorithm,researched the improvement on the heuristic function and the extension toward solving the n-puzzle.The experiment results have illustrated the effectiveness of this algorithm.


Tungsten (W) deposits are commonly related to the exsolution of magmatic‐hydrothermal fluids from high‐Si granites (SiO2 > 70%). However, whether the W‐related high‐Si granitic magma is produced via partial melting of metasedimentary source rocks or by high degree of fractional crystallization remains controversial. Here we present new geochronological and geochemical data on the intrusions associated with the Lyangar W‐Mo skarn deposit in the Southern Tianshan Orogenic Belt, Uzbekistan. Our new U–Pb zircon age data show that the major intrusion exposed in the region are ca. 280 Ma biotite gabbroic diorite and biotite granite and about 260 Ma porphyritic granite and muscovite porphyritic granite. The molybdenite grains in the skarn rocks and orebodies show weighted Re‐Os ages of 261.4 ± 7.8 Ma and 261.1 ± 3.8 Ma, respectively. In combination with the field contact, we confirm that the muscovite porphyritic granite is genetically related to the W mineralization. The gradual transition from the porphyritic granite to muscovite porphyritic granite, similar mineral assemblages and geochemical variations indicate that they are co‐magmatic, and that the porphyritic granite represents less evolved member. Rhyolite‐MELTS modeling further reinforces that the muscovite porphyritic granites can be produced by high degree of fractional crystallization (~33%, including ~1.2% biotite, ~27% plagioclase, ~2% alkali‐feldspar, ~0.21% Fe‐Ti oxides, and ~2.7% amphibole) of the porphyritic granite magma. On the basis of the positive ƐHf(t) values (+3.03 to +6.02), high‐SiO2 contents and CIPW characters, the porphyritic granite is considered to have formed from dehydration melting at low pH2O of juvenile basaltic source rocks around 16 kbar and 850–1000°C. Our study demonstrates that extreme fractional crystallization of granitic magma plays a significant role in W enrichment in the granitic melt.


ABSTRACT Relevance of disclosure of minority sexual orientation on subjective (SWB) and psychological well-being (PWB) was analyzed. Participants were 236 men and 238 women self-identified as lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) or heterosexual. No differences in SWB were found between heterosexuals and LGBs. Heterosexual women showed greater environmental mastery than bisexual men and greater purpose in life than lesbian and bisexual women. Outcomes showed greater well-being among LGBs who disclosed their minority sexual orientation to parents later in life. Disclosing minority sexual orientation to parents was related with greater PWB. Further research that takes a differential approach to improve well-being for LGBs is needed.


It provides a semiconductor substrate and a method having a gettering site layer. The gettering site layer keeps the gettering ability can be to improve the gettering capability by having a crystal growth inhibitor to suppress the growth of the silicon crystal grains and the crystal grains having a size less than 100nm are therefore grow the size of the crystal grains in the high-temperature process and it characterized in that. Gettering


Aotearoa/New Zealand has forged a contemporary international identity as a leader in the establishment and management of animal sanctuaries. This article treats Aotearoa/New Zealand as a 'typically exceptional' or 'exceptionally typical' example, seeking to unravel the deeper settler colonial investment in sanctuary as concept and practice. It is especially interested in what animal sanctuaries in Aotearoa/New Zealand might look like from the perspective of the stoat (Mustela erminea), and why such a perspective might matter. Acclimatised by Europeans from the 1880s onwards to help secure agronomic settlement, and more recently named as a so-called 'animal pest' to be targeted by the New Zealand government's 'Predator Free 2050' campaign, the stoat discloses a foundational history that yokes sanctuary and settlement. It also reveals ongoing patterns of displacement and persecution. From the stoat's position outside the perimeter fence, the article proposes, the settler colonial logics of enclosure and 'deathworlding' (Rose 12) appear exceptional in the extreme. This journal article is available in Animal Studies Journal: https://ro.uow.edu.au/asj/vol6/iss2/7 SETTLER SANCTUARIES AND THE STOAT-FREE STATE 109 Settler Sanctuaries and the Stoat-Free State Anna Boswell University of Auckland Abstract: Aotearoa/New Zealand has forged a contemporary international identity as a leader in the Aotearoa/New Zealand has forged a contemporary international identity as a leader in the establishment and management of animal sanctuaries. This article treats Aotearoa/New Zealand as a 'typically exceptional' or 'exceptionally typical' example, seeking to unravel the deeper settler colonial investment in sanctuary as concept and practice. It is especially interested in what animal sanctuaries in Aotearoa/New Zealand might look like from the perspective of the stoat (Mustela erminea), and why such a perspective might matter. Acclimatised by Europeans from the 1880s onwards to help secure agronomic settlement, and more recently named as a so-called 'animal pest' to be targeted by the New Zealand government's 'Predator Free 2050' campaign, the stoat discloses a foundational history that yokes sanctuary and settlement. It also reveals ongoing patterns of displacement and persecution. From the stoat's position outside the perimeter fence, the article proposes, the settler colonial logics of enclosure and 'deathworlding' (Rose 12) appear exceptional in the extreme.


Abstract This paper details the use of metal-organic compounds to prepare piezoelectric and pyroelectric ceramics. Formulations investigated include lead titanate, lead zirconate titanate and a proprietary uranium doped lead zirconate titanate, lead iron niobate pyroelectric ceramic. The principal ceramics with improved properties are described. Results of microstructural and X-ray analysis together with dielectric characterisation of the materials are presented and comparisons made with conventionally prepared material.


Creep tests were conducted using talc-reinforced Polypropylene copolymers. Then, tensile tests were conducted using the creeped samples to reveal the effect of creep damage on the impact energy-absorption. The creep damage progression mechanism was investigated due to fracture surface observation, density measurement and local elastic property. The following conclusions have been drawn from the experimental results: 1) From the density variation of damaged samples, we clarified that creep damage occurs due to an accumulation of voids in the material. 2) The residual impact resistance does not decrease significantly until a lifetime ratio becomes 0.7, and apparently increases at certain notch radius values. At a lifetime ratio of 0.9, we identified a significant decrease in residual impact resistance due to void accumulation, as reflected in the measured density data. 3) The fractured surfaces of samples after high speed tensile tests were slightly whitened, but they were otherwise very similar to those of undamaged specimens. We found that this phenomenon coincides with the phenomenon in which the retained impact resistance did not significantly decrease. 4) The local elastic property measurement revealed that the vicinity of notch bottom was hardened due to strong molecular chain orientation, in turn contributing to the retention and improvement of the residual impact resistance. 5) The creep damage involves two causative factors: hardening from the strong molecular chain orientation, and softening of the material due to void accumulation. We also clarified that these factors affected the residual impact resistance.


In very large networks with heavy traffic, congestion control plays an important role in network resource management. One approach to this is the active queue management (AQM) algorithms. Many AQM algorithms have been proposed and analyzed but they mainly focus on single queued links. Recognizing the fact that input queued switches are limited in throughput and output queued switches require a large speedup factor, we direct our attention to combined input and output queued (CIOQ) switches. We propose a simple modification to the RED AQM algorithm in order to account for the presence of both input and output queues in the switch. Specifically we use the weighted sum of input and output queue lengths as the congestion measure instead of just the output queue length. Simulations show that with such a simple modification, the average backlog in the switch is significantly reduced in the low speedup region as compared to RED without this modification. Unlike the traditional dynamic of having the loss rate grow with the length of the queue, simulations show that for a loss rate in the modified RED slightly larger than that in RED, the output queue length in modified RED is tremendously reduced. The weighting factor used in the computation of the congestion measure provides a means to balance the reduction in the average backlog on the one hand, and the increase in the loss rate on the other hand. Finally, simulations show that the improvement gained in terms of the queue length does not compromise in any way the utilization of the switch as compared to RED and Droptail.


This paper gives a brief overview of recent developments in cognitive science, juxtaposing two schools of thought, symbolism and connectionism. It is argued that both connectionism and symbolism are relevant for second language learning. A simple software tool for listening comprehension is then described, illustrating how some principles of connectionism as well as symbolism can be implemented in computer-assisted language learning.


Two parameters of cell mediated immunity, cutaneous reactivity to four intradermal antigens and the in vitro lymphoproliferative response to PHA, were evaluated in 27 patients with untreated Hodgkins's disease. By both criteria, this immune defense system was impaired; only 59% of the patients reacted to one or more antigens (virtually all normal subjects respond to at least one test), and the average response to PHA was reduced by 57%. However, within each anatomical stage, individual patients showed wide variations in response. Only the small group of patients with Stage IV disease showed abnormalities significantly different from other patients; the PHA response in those with extralymphatic disease was appreciably reduced. An additional 26 patients who had relapsed after initial therapy were also studied; in this group, the average mitogenic response was comparable to patients with untreated Stage IV disease. of note, the two measures of cellular immunity frequently yielded discordant results. An abnormal response in either assay was frequently associated with a normal determination in the other. In this regard, the mean PHA response in patients showing at least one positive skin test was 2017 ± 470 c.p.m./106 lymphocytes, and in the anergic group, 1811 ± 573. These observations suggest that neither skin test reactivity nor the response to PHA fully assesses the status of cell mediated immunity in patients with Hodgkin's disease.


With an eye to evaluate the surgical technic efficiency - neurectomy by plantar approach -, 19 patients with Morton's neuroma were submitted to this treatment. Therefore, were 19 neuroma patients including 84,3% female, 15,7% male; 31,5% in second intermetatarsal space, 68,5% in third; 47,3% on right side and 52,7% on left side. The surgery was made by plantar approach in every cases, with middle time of attendance around 9 months, and the result was considered satisfactory on 89,5% of patients. The time of return to activities was 6 weeks on 84,2%. Two patients were considered unsatisfied, both because of remain pain under the scar. The authors conclude that, a neurectomy by plantar approach is satisfactory, because there is a better exposition of neuroma, good healing, fast return to activities and improve of pain.


We show that the coincident instanton–anti-instanton pair configuration in the (1+0)-dimensional, double well model, defined according to a theory presented elsewhere [1], is an effective critical point of the Euclidean action if it exists and has regularity properties; and is stable if it is also unique. On the way to showing stability we prove a positivity preserving property of the (1+0)-dimensional double well classical field equation with external sources.


Photograph of the Dorban House (located at 3 miles North of Marble Falls on Highway 281) in Burnet County, Texas.


In this paper, we introduce the class of meromorphic univalent functions dened by hypergeometric function. We obtain some interesting properties like coecient inequality, distortion and growth theorems, Hadamard product(or convolution), radii of starlikeness and convexity for the functions in the class H (;;k ).


Satellite cells are anatomically localized along the surface of muscle fibers and have been regarded as a population of muscle-specific progenitors that are responsible for muscle regeneration. In response to muscle injuries, satellite cells are activated to enter the cell cycle, then proliferate and differentiate into mature muscle cells to regenerate damaged myofibers. Unfortunately, this natural repair mechanism is interrupted in conditions such as muscle degenerative diseases or volumetric muscle loss. The function of stem cells is regulated by signals from their local microenvironment which is called the stem cell niche. Current satellite cell-based strategies such as direct cell transplantation are hindered by the low survival and poor distribution of transplanted cells due to lack of the cell niche. Thus, the objective of this project is to develop a cell/biomaterial combination strategy for muscle regeneration based on understanding of the characteristics of satellite cells and their cell niche. First, satellite cells were isolated from the skeletal muscles of a wild-type mouse and expanded in culture. The scaffolds were synthesized to mimic the anisotropic organization of myofibers. Cells were then seeded on scaffolds and cultured. Cellular responses of satellite cells to the scaffolds were measured and analyzed for adhesion, self-renewal, and proliferation. These experiments provided critical insight on the interactions between synthetic biomaterials and satellite cells. In the future, this synthetic scaffold system will optimized with appropriate structural and mechanical properties to facilitate transplantation of satellite cells for muscle regeneration.


Physical examination shows a lethargic man in a wheelchair who intermittently falls asleep during questioning and examination. When aroused he is oriented to time, place and person and frequently mentions that his pain is a 10. His vital signs are normal expect his SpO2 is 75% on room air. His lungs were clear and his heart had a regular rhythm without murmur. His pupil size is approximately 2 mm bilaterally and muscle strength is difficult to determine due to his inability to remain alert or fully cooperate.


CT data were available from patients with unresectable, primary liver tumors that underwent CT-guided radiofrequency ablation at our institution (MX8000/Brilliance, Philips, NL; StarBurst, Angiodynamics, NY). Two radiological readers retrospectively segmented 12 lesions in CT images using a manual contouring tool under MeVisLab (Bremen, GER). One independent reader used a novel real-time segmentation tool derived from a previous batch application for the brain [1, 2, 3] and prostate [4]. The algorithm starts with a spherical template of 3D nodes and edges outside the lesion [5]. Nodes are continuously adapted by sending rays from a user-defined seed point inside the lesion through the surface of the polyhedron [6]. Key parameters like stiffness and number of nodes were defined on a training dataset. The user can visually explore and modify the 3D result on the fly. The Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) [7] was used to measure the agreement of two segmentations. Differences in manual processing times tP and measured lesion volumes VL were analyzed by two-sided paired t-tests (α=0.05) using SPSS 20 (IBM, NY).


Enteromorpha sp. was examined for its suitability as fishmeal protein substitutes in feed of red tilapia. Algal meal was included at 0 (control), 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 100 %. The results indicated that the fish which received diets containing different algal meal levels showed good growth that there was insignificant difference among treatments and control (p>0.05) while fish fed on diet containing 15% algal meal provided the best growth and feed efficacy (p<0.05). In addition, hematocrit and white blood cell of fish fed on diet containing algal meal were higher than that of control (p<0.05) Keyword: red tilapia; Enteromorpha; Streptococcus agalatiae; hematocrit; NBT reduction E-mail address; email@example.com สาขาวิชาวาริชศาสตร์ คณะทรัพยากรธรรมชาติ มหาวิทยาลยัสงขลานครินทร์ อ.หาดใหญ่ จ.สงขลา 90112 Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112 ภาควิชาวาริชศาสตร์ คณะทรัพยากรธรรมชาติ มหาวิทยาลยัสงขลานครินทร์ อ.หาดใหญ่ จ.สงขลา 90112 Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112 ศนูย์ความเป็นเลิศด้านเทคโนโลยีชีวภาพเกษตร ส านกัพฒันาบณัฑิตศกึษาและวิจยัด้านวิทยาศาสตร์ และเทคโนโลยี ส านกังาน คณะกรรมการการอดุมศกึษา (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE)


Many feature space methods have been investigated for appearance-based face recognition. In this paper we compare a new feature space face recognition method - the class-dependence feature analysis (CFA) with three other popular methods, namely, the principal component analysis (PCA), the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and the independent component analysis (ICA), for appearance-based 2-D face recognition. The numerical results on the face recognition grand challenge (FRGC) show that the CFA outperforms the other three method


Evidence supporting therapeutic drug monitoring with adalimumab (ADA) in Crohn's disease (CD) is not as strong as for infliximab. Data examining whether changes in ADA drug exposure after dose intensification are associated with outcomes are lacking. We aimed to explore associations between ADA drug level exposure at loss of response and then at 6 and 12 months and compare these to short term clinical outcomes.

 Retrospective study of adult CD patients who underwent ADA intensification to weekly dosing for secondary loss of response at three tertiary centres between 2013 and 2018. We compared trough ADA drug levels using a drug sensitive ELISA at loss of response and at 6 and 12 months after intensification with paired rates of clinical remission (Harvey Bradshaw Index <5 or Crohn's Disease Activity Index <150), biochemical remission (C-reactive protein <5 mg/L), objective remission (CRP < 5 mg/L, faecal calprotectin < 150 µg/g or absence of inflammation at endoscopy or imaging) and ADA failure (based on Physicians Global Assessment. We performed comparisons between continuous and categorical data using Fischer's exact or Mann–Whitney test. A receiver operated curve (ROC) analysis was used to identify target ADA levels associated with outcomes of interest.

 In total, 133 CD patients were included; median disease duration 8 years (IQR 4–17), 51% were biologic-exposed and 49% received concomitant immunomodulation. Rates of clinical remission, objective remission and ADA failure were 73.0%, 37.4% and 25.0% at 6 months and 65.8%, 34.0% and 42.8% at 12 months, respectively. Drug levels measured at secondary loss of response did not discriminate between subsequent responders and non-responders; however increases in drug levels at 6 and 12 months were associated with improved outcomes at these time points (Figure 1). ROC analysis demonstrated that ADA drug levels 6 months after intensification > 8.9, 9.6 and 8.9 µg/ml were associated with clinical remission, objective remission and ADA non-failure respectively. Similar results were demonstrated with ADA drug levels at 12 months after dose intensification (Figure 1).

 ADA drug levels at loss of response are not associated with subsequent 6 or 12 month outcomes. However, measurement of subsequent ADA drug levels at 6 and 12 months post escalation demonstrates that higher levels (with a target threshold between 7.7–10.9μg/ml) were associated with favourable outcomes. This study suggests that performing TDM subsequent to dose escalation of ADA has a role in predicting outcomes. Further, prospective studies dosing to target ADA drug levels are therefore needed.


An infected left atrial myxoma is very rare and several cases are reported since 1956. A 50-year-old female patient was admitted to the department of internal medicine of Hanil Hospital because of intermittent fever and dyspnea after dental extraction without evidence of the systemic emboli. Echocardiography showed a large left atrial mass moving between left atrium and left ventricle during systolic phase and distolic phase. Streptococcus viridans was seen by routine blood culture. Operation was done and the myxoma in the left atrium was confirmed. Bacterial myxoma was demonstrated by gross and microscopical examination. So, we presented this case with a review of literature.


The effects of leaches from dry leaves of 71 ground cover plant species on lettuce were tested at the first screening. The inhibitory effects on radicle and hypocotyl elongations of lettuce varied with the different species of cover plants that were used. Eight species of Oxalis showed strong inhibitions (4–27% of untreated control on radicle elongation). Inhibitory activities of seven species of cover plants on three weed species, live amaranth (Amaranthus lividus), southern crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), were tested at the second screening. Moss pink (Phlox subulata), trefoil (Oxalis brasiliensis), red spiderlily (Lycoris radiata), creeping thyme (Thymus serpyllum), European pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium), roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile) and star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum) were selected as donor plants because of their high inhibitory effects on lettuce growth and their usefulness as ornamental ground cover plants. Effects of leaches from dry leaves and exudates from the roots of these species were assayed on agar. Radicle elongations of all tested weed species were inhibited by leaches from trefoil and red spiderlily (8–31% and 14–24% of untreated control, respectively) and exudates from moss pink, trefoil and creeping thyme (11–43%, 31–74% and 22–67% of untreated control, respectively).


We examine the future sensitivity of CoGeNT to the presence of dark matter streams and find that consideration of streams in the data may lead to differences in the interpretation of the results. W ...


The development of an efficient and miniaturized analytical approach to determine trace levels of toxic ions in aqueous fluids presents a current research challenge. Hydrazone-based chemosensors are considered potential candidates due to their high sensitivity and selectivity towards heavy metal ions. Computational techniques can be properly implemented to elucidate possible modes of ligand–metal interaction and provide an in-depth understanding of the chemistry involved. The present study reports the use of 3-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde-4-hydroxybenzoylhydrazone (3-HNHBH) ligand for highly sensitive, quick and re-usable colorimetric sensing of copper(ii) ions in aqueous media. DFT calculations suggest that the complexation of 3-HNHBH with copper(ii) ions adopts a seesaw coordination geometry and results in the largest HOMO–LUMO gap and most effective coulombic interaction compared to Zn and Ni counterparts. It demonstrated a high selectivity towards copper ions with a detection limit of 0.34 μg L−1. The ligand was readily regenerated using a 0.5 M HCl solution, indicating its feasibility to be used as a re-usable sensor for the convenient detection of copper ions in aqueous media. The influence of metal interference, pH and solvents on the selectivity and regeneration of the ligand was also investigated.


This paper describes how to use CORBA technique in CDRs gathering. Because the distributed character of the real-time online CDRs gathering, this paper introduces using the distributed character of CORBA architecture to integrate the gathering system. There is also the implementation of FTAM/FTP interworking specification in this paper. Through this paper, we can see the prospect of using CORBA technique in Telecom.


Based on the analysis of research methods and the essence of channels collaterals, and compared with the research on the mechanism of acupuncture anesthesia, the research of orderly transmission of a disease is considered unable to reveal the essence of channels collaterals. The display research of channels collaterals lacks scientific basis and the conditions for executing it still need improving. At present, the first and foremost problem that has to be solved in this research is how the acupoints act on the viscera and in what way they function.


Traditional machine learning methods are widely used in the field of RNA secondary structure prediction and have achieved good results. However, with the emergence of large-scale data, deep learning methods have more advantages than traditional machine learning methods. As the number of network layers increases in deep learning, there will often be problems such as increased parameters and overfitting. We used two deep learning models, GoogLeNet and TCN, to predict RNA secondary results. And from the perspective of the depth and width of the network, improvements are made based on the neural network model, which can effectively improve the computational efficiency while extracting more feature information. We process the existing real RNA data through experiments, use deep learning models to extract useful features from a large amount of RNA sequence data and structure data, and then predict the extracted features to obtain each base's pairing probability. The characteristics of RNA secondary structure and dynamic programming methods are used to process the base prediction results, and the structure with the largest sum of the probability of each base pairing is obtained, and this structure will be used as the optimal RNA secondary structure. We, respectively, evaluated GoogLeNet and TCN models based on 5sRNA, tRNA data, and tmRNA data, and compared them with other standard prediction algorithms. The sensitivity and specificity of the GoogLeNet model on the 5sRNA and tRNA data sets are about 16% higher than the best prediction results in other algorithms. The sensitivity and specificity of the GoogLeNet model on the tmRNA dataset are about 9% higher than the best prediction results in other algorithms. As deep learning algorithms' performance is related to the size of the data set, as the scale of RNA data continues to expand, the prediction accuracy of deep learning methods for RNA secondary structure will continue to improve.


Semiconducting monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are considered as emergent materials for nanodevices and optoelectronic applications. The low‐frequency electrical noise of TMD‐based devices is much higher than Si and other conventional semiconductors. The reduction of this noise along with control of the Ohmic contact and carrier concentration of the such devices remain major challenges. Here, the low‐frequency (1/f) noise and transport properties of chemical‐vapor‐deposition‐grown MoS2 are presented. The high mobility of 20–40 cm2 V−1 s−1 of the monolayer devices is highly reproducible. Reliable methods to induce Ohmic contact and to tune carrier density over a wide range of 1011–1014 cm−2 are presented to study the fundamental mechanism of the 1/f noise. The noise performance in the high carrier concentration regime is explored for the first time with Ohmic contact of the devices and ideal sample quality. A significant reduction of the noise figure of merit is achievable in the high‐density regime. Polymer electrolyte encapsulation provides a practical method to effectively tune carrier density and engineer surface trap states of the monolayer TMDs, which would be helpful for practical applications of 2D atomic layers in nanoelectronics and photonics.


CISched aims to bring together researchers and practitioners in all aspects of Computational Intelligence applied to a wide range of scheduling problems. Due to their exponential search spaces and high complexity, scheduling problems remain highly challenging in the current research. A significant amount of research effort has been made to explore various techniques. These include evolutionary computation, neural networks, swarm intelligence, fuzzy logic, and their hybridizations, etc. This symposium aims to explore recent advances in computational intelligence techniques on solving complex scheduling problems. The programme of this symposium features 10 full papers representing the state-of-the-art research in scheduling.


I present photometric and radial velocity data for Galactic Cepheids, most of them being in the southern hemisphere. There are 1250 Geneva seven-color photometric measurements for 62 Cepheids, the average uncertainty per measurement is better than 0.01 mag. A total of 832 velocity measurements have been obtained with the CORAVEL radial velocity spectrograph for 46 Cepheids. The average accuracy of the radial velocity data is 0.38 km s-1. There are 33 stars with both photometry and radial velocity data. I discuss the possible binarity or period change that these new data reveal. I also present reddenings for all Cepheids with photometry. The data are available electronically.


A Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a latest and emerging Research topic among researchers. The reason behind the popularity of MANET is flexibility and independence of network infrastructure. The most common routing protocols used in ad-hoc network are AODV (ad-hoc on demand distance vector) protocol. AODV protocol is threatened by many attacks like Black hole, Gray hole attack etc. In black hole attack a malicious node advertise itself as having the shortest path to the destination node. In this paper, we have discussed about the MANET, it's technical and security challenges. We have comprised in our study the attacks that can be mounted on the MANET and their effects. Before evaluating an attack, we have analyzed the behavior of the attack, the different way an attack can be mounted and their symptoms. Here, in this paper, we have evaluated the Black Hole attack in Random way point on the basis of throughput, packet drop ratio. In this paper we proposed a Modified AODV protocol which improve the performance and reduce the black hole attack. We take the AODV protocol to analyze this attack. Black hole attack is the most common attack in Manets which is responsible to disturb the existing infrastructure or collect the secure information from Manets. It reduces the performance of the network. We have implemented our protocol in Network Simulator 2 (NS-2).


The goal of this paper is to study belief aggregation in non-normal modal logic. The paper has two parts. First we look abstractly at aggregated beliefs in neighborhood semantics, defined in analogy with distributed knowledge in epistemic logic. We find that for doxastic logics weaker than K several different versions of aggregated belief can be defined. We provide sound and complete axiomatizations for four of them as well as a proof system in sequent calculus. Then we turn to a probabilistic foundations for these aggregation operations. We study the logic of individual and group beliefs resulting from using the Lockean thesis on (non-standard) probabilities based on Belnap-Dunn four valued logic. Aggregated beliefs in Neighborhood Semantics Our starting point is a non-normal model of (categorical, i.e. non-graded) individual beliefs using neighborhood frames (see e.g. [5], [3]): Definition 1. A neighborhood frame F is a pair 〈W,ni〉, where W is a set of possible worlds and ni : W → P(P(W )) is a neighborhood function, one for i in a given, finite set of agents. A neighborhood model is a triple 〈W,ni, v〉 such that 〈W,ni〉 is a neighborhood frame and v : At → P(W ) is a valuation function. As usual,M,w |= φ means that φ (a formula of a doxastic logic with a finite set belief operators Bi) is true at the state s in a model M . Truth of atomic formulas is given by the valuation v. Truth of propositional formulas is defined in the standard way as well as the truth conditions for beliefs1: M,w |= Biφ iff ‖φ‖ ∈ ni(w), where ‖φ‖ = {w ∈W | M,w |= φ} In what follows we consider neighborhood frames with the following properties: (Monotonicity) If X ∈ n(w) and X ⊆ Y then Y ∈ n(w). (Unit) W ∈ n(w). (D) If X ∈ n(w) then for all W −X 6∈ n(w). The complete logic of such frames is well-known, all three conditions above can be axiomatized modularly using an axiomatization of classical propositional logic and the following axioms: E If ` φ↔ ψ then ` Biφ↔ Biψ U If ` φ then ` Biφ M ` Bi(φ ∧ ψ)→ Biφ D ` Biφ→ ¬Bi¬φ We want to study aggregated beliefs in that setup, where aggregation is defined in analogy with distributed knowledge in epistemic logic. We say that φ is aggregated or distributed beliefs in group G (and write DGφ) if it would result from putting together what the members of G believe. For distributed knowledge in normal modal logic the natural way to interpret "putting together" is the intersection of the agent's epistemic accessibility relation. In neighbourhood semantics there are more room to maneuver. Here we look at two variants: 1. Taking the intersection of pairs of beliefs held by some (not necessarily different) agents in the group. We denote it uGni(w) below. Under that reading DGφ means that there at least two agents in the group for which φ would result from putting together two of their beliefs. 2. Taking the intersection of all beliefs of all agents in G. This boils down to close the result of the first variant under intersection. So we denote it uGni(w) below. Here DGφ means that φ would result from putting together all the beliefs of the group members. ∗Supported by the project SEGA: From Shared Evidence to Group Agency of Czech Science Foundation and DFG no. 16-07954J. The author would like to thank to anonymous referees for helpful comments. 1There are some alternative interpretations, e.g. evidence based models use a 'monotonic' semantic interpretation in which the neighbourhood requires not the truth-set of the given formula, but only a subset of it, see [2].


The presence of Doto chica Ev. Marcus and Er. Marcus, 1960 is recorded for the first time in Venezuela, found on Thalassia testudinum leaves. It has been recorded in Florida, Curacao Puerto Rico, Cuba, Mexico and Costa Rica.


The appearance of new barbed sutures is an advance in making knots and anastomosis, mainly in laparoscopic surgery, where the majority of the surgeons find themselves limited dealing with these sutures. Through this review we aim to evaluate both the use and the safety of the sutures in General and Laparoscopic Surgery. Barbed sutures seem to ease the procedures improving key aspects such as reproducibility and operative time. # 2014 AEC. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved. Uso de las suturas barbadas en cirugı́a general y digestiva. Revisión de conjunto


Introduction: Anxiety is a common reaction in mechanically ventilated Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. However, due to their decreased physical condition and limited possibilities for communication, anxiety may be difficult to diagnose. The Short State Anxiety Inventory (SSAI) and the Faces Anxiety Scale (FAS) appear to be very useful for diagnosing anxiety in these patients. However, data are lacking on the use of these instruments in alert mechanically ventilated ICU patients in the Netherlands. The aim of this study was to compare sensitivity, specificity, reliability and practicality of the SSAI and FAS with the gold standard (The twenty-item State Anxiety Inventory) to evaluate their capacity for measuring anxiety. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional investigation of a random sample of 77 mechanically ventilated postoperative alert patients ventilated for ≤ 24 h (≤ 24 h) and 50 alert patients ventilated for >24 h (>24 h). Results: 43.8% of the postoperative ventilated patients and 68% of the patients ventilated for >24h experienced anxiety. In postoperative patients the SSAI had a sensitivity of 0.91 and a specificity of 0.90. The SSAI showed a sensitivity of 0.80 with a specificity of 0.91 in patients ventilated for >24 h. The SSAI had an internal consistency of 0.75 and 0.81 for postoperative patients and 0.13 and 0.18 for patients ventilated for >24 h (Cohen's kappa of 0.60 and 0.86, respectively). The response percentage was 98.2% (≤ 24 h) and 100% in patients ventilated > 24 h). In the same groups, the FAS had a sensitivity of 0.48 (24 h) and 0.21 (>24 h) with a specificity of 0.77 (≤ 24h) and 0.48, (> 24h); Cohen's kappa was 0.68 and 0.83 and the response percentage was 90% and 96%, in (≤ 24 h) and (> 24 h) respectively. Conclusion: The SSAI appears to be more valid, reliable and easier to use than the FAS, and more appropriate for measuring anxiety in alert ventilated ICU patients in the Netherlands.


A 50-year-old male with a history of hemodialysis dependent chronic kidney disease presented to our emergency department with acute midsternal crushing chest pain. Patient was diagnosed with acute anterolateral wall Myocardial Infraction due to the presence of corresponding ST segment elevations in EKG and underwent emergent cardiac catheterization which revealed normal patent coronaries without any disease. He continued to have chest pain for which CT of the chest was done which revealed pneumomediastinum with mediastinal hematoma, due to the recent attempted thrombectomy for thrombus in his right brachiocephalic vein.


The electric conductivity of iodide and fonged Ti doubles between 40 and 500 deg C and triples in iodide zirconium between 50 and 540 deg C. The admixiure of Hf and C increases the electric conductivity of zirconium. Additions of 0.89% Tato Zr alloy with 0.97% Hf and 0.3% C and Zr alloy witn 0.14% Hf and 0.08% C do not change the electric resistance of the alloys. The heat conductivity of iodide and forged Ti does not vary between 120 and 528 deg C. and neither does the heat conductivity of iodide Zr and Zr alloys. However. the heat conductivity of iodide Zr is higher than that of Zr alloys. (R.V.J.)


Objective: For most individuals, getting out of bed is a routine activity essential for functional independence. It is a task taught by clinicians and clarification of the movement patterns used is important. The purpose is to compare the movement patterns used to rise from bed and compare the average time taken to complete the task by normal adults and stroke. Design: Descriptive (comparative) study. Methods: 30 subjects (15 normal adults and 15 patients with stroke) participated in the study. The subjects were videotaped during performing 10 consecutive trials of rising from a bed. The movement patterns of each of four body regions were described according to Sarnacki's descriptions and compared between both the groups. The average time taken to complete the task of rising from bed was also compared. Results: The results of the study revealed that there was a significant difference between both the groups on pattern of movement (p</=0.05) and average time taken to rise from bed was much higher for patients with stroke than normal adults. Conclusion: There are differences in the movement patterns between normal adults and stroke subjects and the average time taken to rise from bed is significantly more for stroke.


We show that if k is an integer with k ≥ 3a ndG is a (2k − 1)- connected graph with radius r ,t hen|V (G) |≥ 2kr − 2k − 2. AMS 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 05C12.


The paper paid attention to determine the dependence of the velocity of the vehicle from a distance visibility on curves in the plane. Considered allowable vehicle speed in an area with a curved path within the line of sight without buckling. The analysis of the braking process of a vehicle, which shows that when braking using braking properties of the least-loaded wheels. Revealed that the condition for determining a safe speed is the stopping distance, which should be less than or equal to the distance in the limit of visibility. Shows a plot of vehicle speed from the visibility distance curves in terms of the coeffi cients for different coupling, which show that the excess value of the limiting velocities may result in loss of vehicle stability.


An attempt to estimate the epiphytic lichen phytomass on the Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L) stems and branches is taken. It is determined that the epiphytic lichen phytomass on a Scotch pine varies from 130 to 1090 g. Lichens of the Bryoria (45 %), Hypogymnia (34 %) and Evernia (12 %) species bring main contribution. Epiphyte phytomass makes 96 % from whole mass on the tree branches. The most part of lichens (66 %) has been found in the zone of the greatest branch development (at height of 9-13,5m). The epiphytic lichen phytomass on the tree stems is very small (4 %) and concentrated in the stem basis on 70 %.


tutions by different groups within a single society-as a mechanism by which to measure a minority group's adaptation to or emancipation from the dominant society. Any one of these agenda would provide sufficient material for the slim case study presented here, while their interconnections present a tantalizingly rich set of questions for a thick, well-documented monograph. In this book, unfortunately, brevity and complexity coincide to render the history superficial and the sociological analysis confusing. For example, the discussion of pillarization-the supposedly key analytical concept-is contained almost exclusively in the introduction and conclusion, while reference group and relative deprivation theories, concepts of marginality and status incongruity, and notions of strategic elites and status-power dynamics are introduced elsewhere in the


Adaptive routing algorithm can select optimal route to improve network performance up to the hilt.A new routing table is given,adaptive routing algorithm based on particle swarm optimization(PSORA) is designed and realized.Simulation tests of PSORA and RIP in WAN show that PSORA take little more time than RIP in constructing router table,but it has good convergence rate when changing net topology in the same network load.The algorithm given in this paper has advantages of good convergence,and applying prospect.


Background: Although higher socioeconomic status (SES) indicators such as educational attainment are linked with health behaviors, the Blacks' Diminished Return theory posits that the protective effects of SES are systemically smaller for Blacks than Whites. Aims: To explore the Black/White differences in the association between education and smoking. Methods: This cross-sectional study used the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 2017 (n = 3217). HINTS is a national survey of American adults. The current analysis included 2277 adults who were either Whites (n = 1868; 82%) or Blacks (n = 409; 18%). The independent variable was educational attainment, and the dependent variables were ever and current (past 30-day) smoking. Demographic factors (age and gender) were covariates. Race was the focal moderator. Results: In the pooled sample, higher educational attainment was associated with lower odds of ever and current smoking. Race interacted with the effects of higher educational attainment on current smoking, suggesting a stronger protective effect of higher education against current smoking for Whites than Blacks. Race did not interact with the effect of educational attainment on odds of ever smoking. Conclusions: In line with previous research in the United States, education is more strongly associated with health and health behaviors in Whites than Blacks. Smaller protective effects of education on health behaviors may be due to the existing racism across institutions such as the education system and labor market.


ABSTRACT The nutritional health and wellbeing of children, and by extension their weight, is a heated topic in contemporary discussions of food and health, particularly for low-income populations. Despite contrary understandings, there remains a dominant societal framing that parents – in particular low-income mothers – are solely responsible for the status of their children's health and wellbeing. In this paper, we examine how low-income mothers are positioned within the academic literature to reveal where responsibility for children's health and well-being is positioned. We present a meta-synthesis of 18 qualitative studies to identify how mothers' food choices and feeding are positioned, and the recommendations that researchers identify for promoting child health within this discursive terrain. We found that low-income mothers faced multiple challenges relating to cost, convenience, concerns about health and wellbeing. However, many of the recommendations made by researchers focused extensively on behavioural interventions aimed at the vulnerable mother rather than structural interventions to support mothers' feeding practices. We argue that discourses of low-income motherhood must recommend structural, and not just individual, change to counteract dominant constructions of the 'vulnerable-empowered mother'.


Biodrying can be improved by understanding the changes in heat and moisture with different turning regimes. The aim was to investigate the drying effect of turning and to optimize the turning regime. Control technology based on in situ temperature and vapor sensors was applied. Turning in the temperature-increasing phase was the least effective strategy. Turning once in the later stage of the first thermophilic phase and twice after the first thermophilic phase produced the highest bioheat (1.641 MJ kg−1 initial biodrying material), achieved the highest evaporation (0.379 kg kg−1 initial biodrying material), and achieved a 58.1% heat utilization rate.


In this paper, we present two designs for developing a biocompatible affinity MEMS glucose sensor. Based on these designs, two devices were fabricated and characterized. These devices, consisting of a micro- cantilever or membrane situated inside microchambers, are driven by a remote magnetic field and separated from the sensing environment by a semi-permeable membrane. A change in viscosity induced by the binding of poly(acrylamide-ran-3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid) (PAA-ran-PAAPBA) copolymer with glucose is determined by the damped vibration of the cantilever or the membrane in the devices. The cantilever-based sensor has been used to measure physiologically relevant glucose concentrations from 0 to 324 mg/dL with a response time of approximately 3 minutes. This response time was further improved to 1.5 minutes using the membrane-based sensor.


Interest in the anatomy of the thoracic duct is perhaps limited, and even with the importance which surgery sometimes lends, the duct itself rarely calls for much attention. Yet, from time to time, marked variations or rare anomalies are reported, which may serve as interesting anatomical or valuable surgical facts. The workers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries have done much which cannot be displaced nowadays in patient detail and accurate description on this subject. Such results as those of Cruikshank, Mascagni, Breschet, and Sappey have perhaps added most to this knowledge, with the earlier pioneer work of Pecquet. In the course of an investig,ation to determine the frequency of variation, as well as several points of surg,ical anatomy, of the thoracic duct, one or two cases of irregularity have been found. Two of these seemed of enough value to report here. Both occurred in male subjects, were found in the dissecting room, and the ducts were injected from the receptaculum with hot wax. Of the normal anatomy this only need be said: The thoracic duct begins as an enlargement at the upper lumbar vertebrao, anterior to the spine, and betwveen the aorta and azygos major vein. Passing upwards, it extends as a single vessel, to end by opening in the angle formed by the left subclavian and internal jugular veins. The duct rises, however, in the neck, usually not higher than the upper level of the seventh cervical vertebra. Of the two instances of irregularity of the thoracic duct referred to, the first is the occurrence of a division of the duct, beginning at the level of the third thoracic vertebra,


The management of patients with insufficient tightness after volumetric lung resection is one of the most common problems in thoracic surgery. The aim of the investigation was to study the effectiveness of corrective thoracoplasty to achieve aerostasis with prolonged air release in patients with residual pleural cavity after large lung resection. There were investigated 22 cases of prolonged air discharge after large lung resection for malignant neoplasms, which were divided into groups with active surgical tactics and prolonged drainage. The results were evaluated by the cessation of air discharge, elimination of the residual pleural cavity, the presence of complications and the duration of hospital stay. The long-lasting residual pleural cavity, more than 1/3 of hemithorax, with ineffectiveness of the measures taken to achieve aerostasis (change of active and passive aspiration, pneumoperitoneum, chemical pleurodesis), was corrected by 4 rib extrapleural upper-posterior thoracoplasty. The study shows that in the group with non-surgical methods of aerostasis, the achievement of hermeticity of the lung tissue occurred four weeks after corrective thoracoplasty, after large-volume lung resections, in patients with lung neoplasms, indicate the effectiveness of stopping prolonged air discharge with a residual pleural cavity of more than 1/3 of hemithorax. This method of treatment of aerostasis is safe and shortens the duration of inpatient treatment.


This paper presents an overview of activities carried out in support of both NASA and European Space Agency programs for the development of a laser for space-based wind measurement. For the NASA Laser Atmospheric Wind Sounder (LAWS) program, a Phase One Laser Transmitter Study was undertaken, leading to the recommendation of an e-beam sustained CO2 laser. For the European Space Agency (ESA) program for Development of a CO2 Laser for Spaceborne Doppler Wind Lidar, some of the most significant results obtained to date are: (1) Demonstration of sealed lifetests using an e-beam sustained test laser to 107 pulses using a gas phase catalysis technique, (2) Optimization of multimode laser head efficiency to 17% has been accomplished, with a corresponding 10% single transverse mode efficiency, (3) Demonstration of foil lifetimes consistently in excess of 109 pulses at higher temperature and pressure pulse levels than expected in the breadboard laser, (4) Design, procurement, assembly, and initial testing of a compact breadboard laser. As well as laser performance, particular attention has been paid to the sever vibration requirements, thermal and gas flow aspects.


Diverse mechanisms of invasion have been described in the infection of
different cell types by Trypanosoma cruzi, pointing the versatility of this parasite in the recognition of different ligands and/or receptor at the surface of the target cells. Similar to trypomastigotes, classic infective form, amastigote forms play important role in the maintenance of the infection and the progression of Chagas disease. Although advances in the understanding of the mechanisms of trypomastigotes invasion have been attained, the molecules that modulate the recognition and trigger amastigotes invasion process are poorly elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the participation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the amastigote-cardiomyocyte recognition and invasion process in vitro. The standardization of the amastigogenesis
process in vitro revealed that the majority of differentiation of T. cruzi trypomastigotes to amastigotes occurs after 48h of acid-induction. In this time of differentiation (48h), the parasites had presented (I) rounded morphology, (II) raised proliferation index, (III) presence of stage-specific antigen (Ssp4) and (IV) ultrastructural characteristics similar to intracellular amastigotes. The kinetic of amastigote-cardiomyocyte infection revealed high levels of infection, reaching 25% and 51% after 2h and 48h, respectively, in the ratio of 65:1 parasite-target cell. To evaluate the role of sulfated GAGs in the parasite-host cell recognition, amastigotes were pre-treated with 20µg/ml of soluble GAGs, including heparin, heparan sulfate (HS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and keratan sulfate (KS) prior to cardiomyocyte interaction. Our results demonstrated that treatment of acid-induced amastigotes with heparin and HS inhibits the penetration in cardiomyocyte, achieving 82% and 65% of inhibition of the invasion, respectively. Similar to trypomastigotes, the recognition of extracellular amastigotes is mediated by D-glucuronic acid (GlcA) or Liduronic acid (IdoA) and N-acetylglucosamine (NacGli) disaccharide while GAGs also negatively charged, as CS, DS and KS, did not elicit amastigotes invasion. The infection of cells of hamster ovary, wild-type (CHO-K1) and deficient in GAGs (CHO745), had pointed a significant reduction of 74% and 67% of the invasion in CHO-745 after 2h and 4h of interaction, respectively. These results corroborate competition assay data, suggesting the participation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans as mediating molecule of the amastigote invasion process.


The purpose of this study is to search out the differences of the type of model, the type of advertising appeal and the consumption value between categories of cosmetics by analyzing cosmetics advertising in women`s magazine. Advertising are collected from the fashion magazine ``Vogue`` from 10. 2003 to 9. 2006. and cosmetics categories are divided as skincare product, makeup product, perfume and hair&bodycare product by specific character of each product. The results are as follows: In the analysis of the type of model, person model is revealed higher in all categories. In the analysis of the type of advertising appeal, rational appeal is revealed high in skincare product and hair&bodycare product categories and emotional appeal is revealed high in makeup product and perfume categories. In the analysis of the consumption value, function value is revealed high in skincare product, makeup product and hair&bodycare product categories and emotion value is revealed high in perfume categories.


Ag-YBa2Cu3O7-x composite superconductor was pre pared by the mist-pyrolysis method. YBa2Cu3O7-x and Ag particles were mixed with a mechanical mixer, and collected with electrostatic precipitator. The supercon ductive properties of sintered YBa2Cu3O7-x and Ag YBa2Cu3O7-x were examined. Fine Ag particles were distributed uniformly in the matrix. The sintered Ag YBa2Cu3O7-x and their ground powder showed im proved magnetic properties.


SIMPLE PASSINGS, ONE VEHICLE PASSING ONE OTHER VEHICLE, WERE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE MANNER IN WHICH THE PASSING VEHICLE WAS AFFECTED BY OPPOSING TRAFFIC, AS FOLLOWS: (1) DELAYED START, (2) HURRIED RETURN, (3) DELAYED START AND HURRIED RETURN, AND (4) FREE MOVING PASSINGS WITH NO OPPOSING TRAFFIC. IT WAS FOUND THAT THE AVERAGE DISTANCES USED THE LEFT LANE BY THE PASSING VEHICLE FOR THESE FOUR TYPES WERE (A), 601 FEET; (B), 601 FEET; (C), 521 FEET, AND (D), 703 FEET. MOST PASSING VEHICLES DESIRED TO TRAVEL ABOUT 10 MPH FASTER THAN THE VEHICLES THEY PASSED BUT SELDOM MADE A PASSING BEFORE SLOWING TO A SPEED WITHIN 5 MPH OF THAT OF THE CAR AHEAD. PASSING DISTANCE WAS FOUND TO INCREASE NOT ONLY WITH THE SPEED OF THE PASSED VEHICLE, BUT WITH THE SPEED OF THE PASSING VEHICLE AS WELL. THE TIME SPENT IN THE LEFT LANE IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN ANY DETERMINATION OF HIGHWAY CAPACITY. SUMMARIZATION OF THE WORK DONE THUS FAR CONSISTS IN CONSTRUCTING A SERIES OF VALUES OF TOTAL SPACE REQUIRED FOR PASSING MANEUVERS AT VARIOUS VEHICLE SPEEDS. SINCE THE DRIVER DOES NOT NEED TO SEE THIS ENTIRE SPACE ALONG THE ROADWAY BEFORE STARTING TO PASS, THESE DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT PASSING SIGHT DISTANCE REQUIREMENTS. IT IS EMPHASIZED THAT THE PASSING MANEUVER IS AN EXTREMELY FLEXIBLE ACTION AND THE DRIVER CAN BE EXPECTED, WITHIN CERTAIN LIMITS, TO CONTROL HIS PASSING IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE SIGHT DISTANCE RESTRICTIONS PRESENT. /AUTHOR/


In this article, we present an approach to manage the resonant modes in quasi-photonic crystals with five silver nanorods as its unit-cell, embedded in air. We use symmetric and asymmetric Ag nanorods. A simple electromagnetic field model is suggested to shift resonance frequencies to desirable place in spectrum, by varying the nanorods radius. This modal description lead us to achieve efficient single-band filter.


This study aims to find the most effective formulation of the gaharu agar wood forming fungi inoculants which infect Gyrinops versteegii plants, thus producing high quality agar wood. The method used in this research is the randomized block design (RBD) with three replication. The treatments were two fungi as inoculant applied saperately each and a combination of Rhisopus sp. and Fusarium sp. in the form of solid and liquid. The treatments tested were: (A) Fusarium solani fungi inoculant in solid form, (B) Rhisopus sp.fungi inoculant in solid form, (C) Mixture of Rhisopus sp. and Fusarium solani fungi inoculants in solid form, (D) Fusarium solani fungi inoculant in liquid form, (E) Rhisopus sp.fungi inoculants in liquid form, (F) Mixture of Rhisopus sp. and Fusarium solani fungi inoculants in liquid form, and (G) A combination of solid and liquid of Rhisopus sp. and Fusarium solani fungi inoculants. The parameters measured were the agar wood formed: agar wood fragrance level, color of agar wood and resin content of the agar wood. Furthermore, the data is analyzed statistically by analysis of variance. The results showed that, treatments of inoculants formulations significantly affects the aroma and resin content of agar wood. Formula of G (a combination of solid and liquid Rhisopus sp. and Fusarium solani fungi inoculants) and F (a combination of liquid Rhisopus sp. and Fusarium solani fungi inoculants) produced agar wood of the highest quality compared to other formulas. Formula G and F produced each agar wood with black and blackish-brown colour, with strong aroma (fragrance), and a resin content of 7.69% and 6.98%.


In order to solve the problem of untargeted data security grading methods in the process of power grid data governance, this paper analyzes the mainstream data security grading standards at home and abroad, investigates and sorts out the characteristics of power grid data security grading requirements, and proposes a method that considers national, social, and A grid data security classification scheme for the security impact of four dimensions of individuals and enterprises. The plan determines the principle of power grid data security classification. Based on the basic idea of "who will be affected to what extent and to what extent when the power grid data security is damaged", it defines three classification factors that need to be considered: the degree of impact, the scope of influence, and the objects of influence, and the power grid data is divided into five security levels. In the operation stage of power grid data security grading, this paper sorts out the experience and gives the recommended grading process. This scheme basically conforms to the status quo of power grid data classification, and lays the foundation for power grid data governance.


In intercultural verbal communication,due to the effects of the rules of speaking on the communication,the Chinese-English pragmalinguistic divergence arises.Meanwhile,there exist many differences in the choice of strategies for performing particular speech acts.English learners with Chinese as their native language often apply Chinese cultural and sociolinguistic norms in their understanding,interpreting and evaluating the verbal behavior of English native speakers.They may transfer many Chinese expressions into their target language.As a result the pragmatic transfer,the speaker's intended meaning may be misinterpreted or incomprehensible,which leads to the failure in intercultural communication.


Glass-ceramic electrolytes of the Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3-xB2O3 series (0≤x≤0.15 wt%) were obtained by glass crystallization under the same conditions of heat treatment. The influence of B2O3 addition on the phase composition and unit cell parameters of lithium-aluminium-germanium-phosphate glass-ceramics was investigated by XRD. The obtained solid electrolytes have the NASICON-type structure with space group R-3c. Glass-ceramics is single-phase at 0≤x≤0.15. Transport properties of glass-ceramics electrolytes were investigated by impedance spectroscopy. The conductivity of Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 was found to be lower compared to the B2O3-added solid electrolytes. Namely, the composition with 0.05 wt% has the highest lithium-ion conductivity, which is 5.5·10−4 S/cm at 25 °C. Also the thermal compatibility of Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 solid electrolyte with Li4T5O12 anode material and the influence of Li3BO3 addition on their compatibility were investigated by DSC method.


The ambient acoustic environment, or soundscape, is of broad interest in the study of marine ecosystems as both a source of rich sensory information to marine organisms and, more broadly, as a driver of the structure and function of marine communities. Increasing our understanding of how soundscapes affect and reflect ecological processes first requires appropriate characterization of the acoustic stimuli, and their patterns in space and time. Here, we present a novel method developed for measuring soundscape variation, using drifting acoustic recorders to quantify acoustic dynamics related to benthic habitat composition. Selected examples of drifter results from sub-tidal oyster-reef habitats in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, USA, and from coral reef habitats in St. John, US Virgin Islands, highlight the efficacy and utility of this approach in quantifying soundscape variation in diverse habitats. The platform introduces minimal noise into the acoustic recordings, and allows sampling at spatial scales that might typically be overlooked using stationary hydrophone methods. We demonstrate that mobile hydrophone recording methods offer new insight into soundscape variation and provide a complementary approach to conventional passive acoustic monitoring techniques.


Disclosed is an information communication system and a communication terminal, the communication terminal is connected or mounted to an IC card or the like member, the contact communication via a non-checking. A receiving communication terminal comprising storing information in the IC card function or similar parts in the ticket checking process and of self-control may be performed automatically. For example, the communication terminal automatically displays the balance of the availability of a pass and / or the total amount of prepaid ticket examination process. If availability will soon end and / or prepayment of the total lack of use of a message warning the user. The communication terminal also registers a designated station, thus automatically creating a message or sending a pre-stored format in the course of the checking of registered stations.


Mahakam Delta is the configuration of 46 small islands forming a unique fanshaped lobate which stretches out into the coastal area of the Makassar Strait of East Kalimantan. Geologically the Mahakam Delta was formed through the long term deposition of suspended solids from the 770 km long Mahakam River. Besides its high biodiversity, Mahakam Delta is also famous as a production zone for oil and gas. The vegetation growing in Mahakam Delta is mangrove forestdistributed in different zones i.e. pedada zone, rizophora zone, transition zone, nypa zone and nibung zone. Before year 1980, mangrove vegetation in Mahakam Delta was still pristine and about 60% of the area was covered by nypa. Big changes in the mangrove ecosystem occurred between 1990-2002, with peak degradation between 1996-2000. Up until 2001, about 63% mangrove was deforested mainly due to conversion for shrimp ponds. The loss of more than halfthe mangrove forest caused bio-physical and environmental impacts and affected aquatic productivity, social and economic condition and the livelihoods of communities living in Mahakam Delta area. Conflicts frequently occurred in the society, particularly related to land ownership and water pollution issues.
   The occurrence of mangrove degradation in Mahakam Delta has linkageswith many complex factors; described here as backward, forward, downward, and upward linkages. Important linkage factors are migration of people from outside East Kalimantan, the socio-cultural profile of migrants, condition of the global economy, and the existing condition of government laws, regulations and policies. Since 2002, partial efforts for restoration had been done by both government and private companies through mangrove replanting activities at some sites in the Mahakam Delta. However, more integrated delta management is needed for deltaecosystem restoration without eliminating the opportunities for communities livingin the Mahakam Delta to build their socio-economic livelihoods.
Keywords: Mangrove forest, vegetation, changes, ecosystem, deforested, livelihoods, restoration & Mahakam Delta


This article examines the nature of organisational learning and the leadership practices and processes that foster organisational learning and, more importantly, the impact of these variables on teacher leadership. A path model is used to test these school variables as well as school characteristics such as availability of resources and community focus against the impact of SES and school size on students' views of teachers' work in the classroom and student outcomes such as attendance, and participation in and engagement with school. The importance of reconceptualising schools as learning organisations to promote successful school change is discussed.


Modeling is the essential part of implementing the prediction and location of three-phase cable fault. To predict and locate cable fault, a model of three-phase cable fault system is constructed based on a great deal of measured validation data by choosing BP neural network that has nonlinear characteristic and using the unproved BP algorithm, Levenberg-Marquardt data-optimized method. It is shown by the simulation using MATLAB software that the parameters of the model converge rapidly, and the simulated output of the neural network model and the measured output of cable fault system are approximately equal, and the mean value of the relatively predictive error of the fault distance is smaller than 0.3%, so that the model quality is reliable.


Moxifloxacin and ofloxacin are two broad-spectrum quinolone antibiotics. They are among the most widely used antibiotics nowadays in controlling the covid-19 pandemic. Hydroxychloroquine is an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of covid-19. This work describes a simple, green, selective, and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for the assay of moxifloxacin and ofloxacin in presence of hydroxychloroquine as two co-administered mixtures used in the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia in the covid-19 patients. Simultaneous assay of hydroxychloroquine and moxifloxacin was carried out in methanol by direct spectrofluorimetric method (method I) at 375 nm and 550 nm respectively after excitation at 300 nm. The direct spectrofluorimetric assay was rectilinear over concentration range of (50.0-400.0) and (300.0-2500.0) ng/ml for hydroxychloroquine and moxifloxacin with LOD of 6.4 and 33.64 ng/ml and LOQ of 19.4 and 102.6 ng/ml for the two drugs respectively. While the assay of hydroxychloroquine and ofloxacin was carried out by measuring the first derivative synchronous amplitude for hydroxychloroquine at the zero crossing point of ofloxacin and vice versa at Δ λ = 140 nm (method II). Hydroxychloroquine was measured at 266 nm while ofloxacin at 340 nm over concentration range of (4.0-40.0 ng/ml) for hydroxychloroquine and (200.0-2000.0 ng/ml) for ofloxacin with LOD of 0.467 ng/ml and 25.3 ng/ml and LOQ of 1.42 ng/ml and 76.6 ng/ml for the two drugs respectively. the two methods were validated following ICH guidelines and were applied to the analysis of the two drugs in plasma with good percent recoveries (109.73-93.17 %).


Today, tourism is one of the largest industries in the world. Security of tourists in tourism destinations is included in the most important factors of tourism development. It depends on many factors and among them is the physical environment of the location. Thus, the goal of present study is to identify physical indicators affecting tourists' security in tourist paths of Isfahan and checking method that physical indicators influence the dimensions of tourists' security. This study is a part of applied research and the method used to analyze the effect of physical indicators on tourists' security consists of structural equation modeling technique. The results obtained from the structural equation modeling method, show that the various aspects of security were affected by the conditions of physical indicators at the tourist paths of Isfahan. Model outputs indicated that the values for the aspects of psychological security of tourists, economic security, social security and environmental security influenced by the physical indicators at the tourist paths of Isfahan were 88, 83, 27 and 82 percent respectively.


Background and Objectives: In today's competitive world young women require adequate levels of physical fitness (e.g. core muscle strength, endurance and flexibility). One specific exercise method that received a lot of attention is Core Strength Training (CST) through Pilates. The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of Pilates on core strength, flexibility and on BMI among young Indian women aged between 18-26 years. Methods: The study included 50 subjects who consented to participate and were recruited as per the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Demographic data and BMI was recorded and subjects were assessed for pre intervention core strength and flexibility using DLLT and SR test respectively. The subjects were included in a supervised classical Pilates mat exercise protocol which comprised of 10 exercises performed 3 times a week for duration of 4 weeks. After 4 weeks subjects were re-assessed for post intervention core strength and flexibility and the data was analyzed. Results and Conclusion: The results showed were: The core strength showed a significant statistical change with the pre intervention (63.85±9.01) post intervention (52.29±10.41) with t value (10.458) and p value (<0.001**). This demonstrated an overall clinically and statistically significant improvement in the core strength post intervention. Flexibility parameter at pre intervention (19.41±9.90) post intervention (21.20±5.97) with t value (1.51) and p value (0.138). Though flexibility parameter on analysis did not show any significant statistical change, but there was a clinically observable improvement demonstrated by few subjects. BMI remained unchanged with no significant change.


[Objective] To investigate whether quantitative electroencephalography(QEEG) could be used to monitor atropine intoxication in treating organic phosphate poisoning.[Methods] Ninety Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 9 groups:blank group(n=10),parathion group(n=10),exposure groups(n=70).The exposure groups were peritoneal injected parathion(5mg/kg) and atropine(10,20,50,100,200,500 and 750mg/kg respectively),the blank and the patathion group were injected with corn oil(5mg/kg) and parathion(5mg/kg) respectively.The QEEG were detected at 0,5,10,20,30,60 and 120min after injection,and electrocardiogram and ethologic parameters were observed simultaneously.[Results] The δ amplitude increased accordingly with the atropine dosage increase.The amplitudes of δ spectrum were 7.52±0.33,7.14±0.37,7.38±1.36,7.80±0.68,16.26±1.77,29.24±2.74,31.41±2.94 and 36.17±2.37 at the parathion and parathion combined with gradient dosage atropine groups(10,20,50,100,200,500,750mg/kg) respectively.The atropine dosages correlated with δ spectrum amplitude of the QEEG(r=0.946,P=0.000).The scores of epilepsy increased dependently with the atropine dosage raising when using the Racine' epilepsy evaluating system.[Conclusion] The amplitude of δ spectrum could reflect fluctuation of atropine dosages sensitively,the epilepsy grading could be used to evaluate rat's ethology in atropine intoxication.


We study the spatial regularity of semilinear parabolic stochastic partial differential equations on bounded Lipschitz domains 𝒪⊆ ℝ d in the scale , 1/τ=α/d+1/p, p≥2 fixed. The Besov smoothness in this scale determines the order of convergence that can be achieved by adaptive numerical algorithms and other nonlinear approximation schemes. The proofs are performed by establishing weighted Sobolev estimates and combining them with wavelet characterizations of Besov spaces.


Abstract : The following theorem in political science is demonstrated: the set of social feasible alternatives is closed, bounded and convex, and if the set of alternatives preferred by some majority of the voters to any given alternative is always convex, then there exists a feasible alternative preferred by a majority of the voters to any other feasible alternatives.


The basic directions of local fuel and energy complex objects power supply systems modernization are considered. The key areas of modernization are the formation of innovative energy-efficient energy complexes on the basis of block-complete products of high factory readiness, transition to intellectual microgrid principle of hybrid power systems formation, the creation of resource-efficient energy installations and energy complexes, harmonizing requirements of energy efficiency and power quality of power systems of local objects. The examples of the innovative power equipment and domestic production technology are shown.


The use of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has recently gained interest as a potential therapeutic tool for the treatment of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the mechanism of action of this drug has not yet been fully elucidated. Here we demonstrate that MDMA acts by targeting the trace amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), an intracellular G‐protein coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed throughout the brain and in peripheral tissues. In previous studies, we have shown that a closely‐related compound, amphetamine (AMPH), enters neurons through the dopamine and norepinephrine transporters (DAT and NET) and activates TAAR1. This activates the small GTPase RhoA that in turn increases internalization of the DAT and NET. We have also found that a neuronal glutamate transporter, EAAT3, is also internalized. These actions result in an increase in extracellular DA, NE and glutamate concentrations. In this study, we show that MDMA enters serotonin neurons through the 5‐HT transporter (SERT) and activates a similar signaling cascade.


Hanga Nui Bay, on the eastern end of the southeast coast of Easter Island, is currently the focal point of research in an intensively studied archaeological area that extends from the plains at the foot of the southwest slopes of the Poike Peninsula. The study area is a transect which crosses the island from coast to coast in a north-south axis from Hanga Nui to Mahatua on the east and from Motu Nao to an area close to Te Peka Peka on the west. This transect, included within quadrangles 13, 14, 20, 21 and 31 of the island's general survey, has a maximum linear distance of approximately seven kilometers and a total area of twelve square kilometers, occupying most of the historically known territory of the Tupahotu mata or 'tribe'. Within this transect are the highest densities of prehistoric sites and features and some of the largest and most specialized activity areas and ceremonial architecture. Among these are Ahu Tongariki, the maai quarries of Rano Raraku, and the most important ceremonial centers of the northeast coast: Mahatua, Ra'ai, Heki'i and Te Pito Kura (Paro). Close to three hundred ceremonial or burial structures, classed in several distinctive types, are known and recognized as ahu on the whole island. Of these, a smaller number are large, complex, raised, rectangular platforms, with or without wings, sloping ramps and associated 'plazas'. Most of these structures supported multi-ton monolithic statues of volcanic tuff. Ahu and maai, symbols of the prestige and status of a given group, were raised to worship deified ancestors, and are the most conspicuous features of the archaeological landscape. A typological analysis of radiocarbon-dated structures indicates that the ahu and the statues represent an "unbroken chronological progression such as might be expected from the architectural reflection of the activities of a single continuously developing society.,,3 Based upon these data, the fmal structure at Ahu Tongariki represents the type of monuments built during the midto late part of the ahu-maai sequence. A combination of archaeological data, oral traditions, ethnography, historical documents and other sources, suggest that ahu were destroyed and/or significantly modified as the result of profound socio-political and religious changes that occurred in late prehistoric times. These may have been a pan-island revolution triggered by a generalized degradation of the environment, critical maximum levels of population, and a complex set of 'negative' variables that altered the delicate equilibrium of the whole system and resulted in cultural collapse. Several other specialists indicate that most ahu and maai were seriously altered as a direct consequence of intertribal warfare. Most scholars support the idea that the destruction, toppling of the statues and important changes in function of the ceremonial and religious centers, occurred after AD 1500 and continued well into the post-contact period. After the toppling of the statues, most of these ruins continued to be used as burial sites, greatly altering the original structure, until the conversion of the population to Catholicism in the second half of the 19 century, when they were deserted. Europeans fust saw Easter Island in 1722. Roggeveen's expedition described some monuments (ahu) and statues still standing near his anchorage off the north coast, probably at Hanga Ho'onu. Cook, at Hanga Roa in 1774, and La Perouse in 1786 gave similar accounts. As stated elsewhere by explorers and visitors during the 18 and early 19 centuries, most ahu in other sections of the island looked like "old" ruins and few statues were seen standing. All of them were down by the mid-19 century. The reduction of the pre-contact population, including the dramatic post-contact depopulation as a consequence of slave raids; introduced diseases in the 1860s; the influence of Catholicism; the installation of European and Chilean settlers in late 19 century; and the concentration of the remaining population on the west coast of the island, all provoked the definitive abandonment of many of the ancient tribal territories, including the Hanga Nui area. Ahu Tongariki was the largest ceremonial structure ever built on Easter Island. In terms of size, plan and the number of statues, it represents the apogee in the development of the socalled 'image ahu', most of which were built in a period of approximately five or six hundred years between ca. AD 10001500. This monument is one of the most spectacular expressions of prehistoric megalithic ceremonial architecture in the. entire Polynesian cultural area. With a central platform close to 100 meters long and two lateral extensions, or wings, associated with frontal access ramps, this ahu originally had a total length of approximately 220 meters. The average height of the massive seaward wall was four meters and used more than 800 irregular, unworked, crudely fitted basalt blocks. During its fmal phase of construction and function as a ceremonial altar, the central platform of Abu Tongariki supported fifteen monolithic statues of volcanic tuff (maai), carved at and transported from the Rano Raraku quarries, about one kilometer to the northwest. These statues had heights that ranged from 5.6 to 8.7 meters. Average weight was over 40 metric tons ; the largest statue placed near the central section of the platform weighed 88 metric tons. With the statues erected on top of the platform and crowned by large cylinders of red scoria (pukao), the monument had the impressive height of close to fourteen meters. In 1770 the Spaniards under Gonzalez circumnavigated the island using small craft and described and mapped several coves