Since before the Industrial Revolution, societies have relied on increasing supplies of energy to meet their need for goods and services. Major changes in current trends are required if future energy systems are to be affordable, safe, secure, and environmentally sound. There is an urgent need for a sustained and comprehensive strategy to help resolve the following challenges: providing affordable energy services for the well-being of the 7 billion people today and the 9 billion people • projected by 2050; improving living conditions and enhancing economic opportunities, particularly for the 3 billion people who cook • with solid fuels today and the 1.4 billion people without access to electricity; increasing energy security for all nations, regions, and communities; • reducing global energy systems greenhouse gas emissions to limit global warming to less than 2°C above • pre-industrial levels; reducing indoor and outdoor air pollution from fuel combustion and its impacts on human health; and • reducing the adverse effects and ancillary risks associated with some energy systems and to increase prosperity. • Major transformations in energy systems are required to meet these challenges and to increase prosperity. The Global Energy Assessment (GEA) assessed a broad range of resources, technologies and policy options and identified a number of 'pathways' through which energy systems could be transformed to simultaneously address all of the above challenges These are the Key Findings: 1. Energy Systems can be Transformed to Support a Sustainable Future: the GEA analysis demonstrates that a sustainable future requires a transformation from today's energy systems to those with: (i) radical improvements in energy efficiency, especially in end use, and (ii) greater shares of renewable energies and advanced energy systems with carbon capture and storage (CCS) for both fossil fuels and biomass. The analysis ascertained that there are many ways to transform energy systems and many energy portfolio options. Large, early, and sustained investments, combined with supporting policies, are needed to implement and finance change. Many of the investment resources can be found through forward-thinking domestic and local policies and institutional mechanisms that can also support their effective delivery. Some investments are already being made in these options, and should be strengthened and widely applied through new and innovative mechanisms to create a major energy system transformation by 2050. 2. An Effective Transformation Requires Immediate Action: Long infrastructure lifetimes mean that it takes decades to change energy systems; so immediate action is …


Background: It has been demonstrated that loss of LKB1 is associated with a higher likelihood of tumor recurrence after surgery and shorter overall survival in early stage NSCLC. We sought to determine whether NSCLC tumor cells with loss of LKB1 are preferentially sensitive or resistant to various therapeutic agents. We tested 23 NSCLC cell lines, and observed that LKB1 mutant NSCLC cells are highly resistant to standard chemotherapy as well as EGFR inhibitors. In contrast, LKB1 mutant NSCLC cells are highly sensitive to 8-Chloroadenosine (8-Cl-Ado). 8-Cl-Ado is an RNA-directed nucleoside analogue, which depletes cellular ATP and triggers apoptosis in sensitive cells. LKB1 is known to play a key role in balancing cellular energy consumption and production. Therefore, we hypothesize that LKB1 mutant NSCLC cells are vulnerable to 8-Cl-Ado induced energetic stress. Method: Cellular ATP level was determined by LC-MS and luminescent based methods. Cell proliferation was measured by Celltiter-Glo assay. IC50 values were calculated by Calcusyn. Oxidative stress was measured by CellRox assay. Result: NSCLC cell lines with LKB1 mutation were significantly more sensitive to 8-Cl-Ado than wild type cell lines (p=0.024). We transfected H460 and A549 cells (both harboring mutant LKB1) with wild-type LKB1. Re-expression of LKB1 rendered cells resistant to 8-Cl-Ado (P Citation Format: Chao Yang, Maria Angelica Cortez, Uma Giri, Jayanthi Gudikote, William G. Wierda, Varsha Gandhi, Lauren Averett Byers, John V. Heymach. NSCLC cells with LKB1 mutation are vulnerable to energetic and oxidative stresses induced by 8-Chloroadenosine. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5480. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5480


When thoracic drainage is required, the effectiveness of thoracic drainage tubes depends mainly on the intrathoracic positioning and/or patency of the tubes. The polyvinyl chloride (PVC) thoracic drainage tubes that are commonly used do not have optimum antithrombogenicity, and sometimes the tubes become ineffective because of stenosis or obstruction caused by clot formation. Silicone has excellent antithrombogenicity but insufficient strength for use as thoracic drainage tube material. Therefore, we used drainage tubes made of silicone-coated polyvinyl chloride (S-PVC) and evaluated their antithrombogenicity.The in vitro thrombus formation rate on the S-PVC surface was lower than that for PVC. Furthermore, ex vivo SEM examination revealed that the surface of S-PVC was smooth, and that hardly any platelets were adherent to it. From September, 1984, to March 1986, 15 patients underwent thoracic surgery with the use of S-PVC drainage tubes. SEM examination showed that the inner surfaces of the S-PVC drainage tubes were smooth and that platelet adhesion was minimal. On the other hand, the inner surfaces of PVC drainage tubes were coated with clots and fibrin.Accordingly, we think that S-PVC drainage tubes are very useful in cases of persistent heavy postoperative intrathoracic bleeding and/or when the period of postoperative thoracic drainage may be long.


This article reports the results of a study conducted at the University of Leon, Spain, and funded by the Spanish Ministry for the Presidency. The aim of this research study was to analyze how history textbooks in Spain present the subject of the post civil war era, particularly those aspects related to repression under the Franco regime and anti-Francoist resistance. A review of textbooks was conducted, focusing especially on those used for 2nd year of Bachillerato (upper secondary education), since it is the course where Spanish Contemporary History is studied more thoroughly in the curriculum. A Critical Discourse Analysis approach has been adopted to investigate the extent, completeness, orientation and perspective of the content presented. In addition, 610 history teachers were interviewed in order to gather their opinions regarding the adequacy of the contents presented. The most significant findings indicate that although content related to these topics has begun to be included, the subject is not covered in sufficient depth.


In order to figure out whether bovine lactoferricin (LfcinB) has immuno-regulation function,cytokines such as IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10 and TNF-α in blood sera from mice orally administered with LfcinB were tested using ELISA kits.The results indicated that IL-2 and TNF-α levels in lactoferricin treatment mice at 3 h post-administration were both even higher (P ≤ 0.01) than those in negative control mice,whereas the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines,IL-4 (P ≤ 0.01) and IL-6 (P ≤ 0.05) revealed a significant decrease,and IL-10 level which is positively correlated with TNF-α level and plays a balancing role also changed notably.Therefore,oral administration of lactoferricin has the potential to provide the function of immune enhancement and regulation.


.................................................................................................................................................. 3 Lay Abstract............................................................................................................................................. 4 Declaration .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Copyright Statement ............................................................................................................................... 6 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 1: Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 8 1.1. Background of the Research: the Necessity for Stab resistance ..................................... 8 1.2. The Problems: Difference between Stab resistance and ballistic resistance ........................... 9 1.3. Research Aim and Objectives ................................................................................................. 11 Chapter 2: Literature Review ................................................................................................................ 12 2.1. Materials used for Body Armour............................................................................................ 12 2.2. Approaches to Improve the Stab resistance of Ballistic Body Armour .................................. 14 2.3. Newtonian Fluid and non-Newtonian Fluid ........................................................................... 17 2.4. Classification of non-Newtonian Fluid ................................................................................... 17 2.5. Composition of Shear Thickening Fluids ................................................................................ 18 2.6. Theory of Shear Thickening Fluids ......................................................................................... 18 2.7. Factors Influencing Rheological Properties of Shear Thickening Fluids ................................. 20 2.8. Application of STF on Body Armour ....................................................................................... 22 Chapter 3: Experimental Methods ........................................................................................................ 25 3.1. Preparation of Shear Thickening Fluids ................................................................................. 25 3.1.1. Experimental Materials ............................................................................................... 25 3.1.2. Shear Thickening Fluids Production ............................................................................ 26 3.2. Rheology Test of the Produced STFs ...................................................................................... 27 3.3. Preparation of STF-impregnated Fabrics ............................................................................... 28 3.4. Stabbing Tests of the STF-impregnated Fabrics ..................................................................... 30


Matrix model of logical simulator within spreadsheet This paper examines the use of spreadsheets for simulation of logical control units. A matrix model is proposed for this aim. The use of this model is appropriate both for teaching and learning of simulation of a specific type of integrated circuit — Programmable Logic Arrays — and also for any type of control unit representable in the form of a logical function system.


The current global pandemic threatens the food, energy, and water security of households given the economic fallout that it has caused. In this analysis, we present preliminary survey data from res...


. The genus Scaptomyza includes over 270 species, about half of which are endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. These species show similar levels of host plant speci-ficity and single island endemism as their sister group, the Hawaiian Drosophila , although they display less dimorphism in secondary sexual characters. Instead, Scaptomyza species possess diverse characters associated with the male terminalia, even between closely related species. Here we use dissections of male terminalia between two closely related taxa found living on the undersides of leaves of native Cyrtandra species to erect the Scaptomyza cyrtandrae group and describe one new species, Scaptomyza neocyrtandrae Burgunder, Rampasso, and O'Grady, from the island Maui.


Abstract Heteropolyanions with different structures, including Keggin, Dawson, Preyssler, mixed addenda, and sandwich types, catalyzed the formation of 1,3‐diphenyl‐isoxazole from the condensation of 1,3‐diphenyl‐propane‐1,3‐dione and hydroxylamine hydrochloride in different solvents and under heating conditions. Our data vividly indicate that H3PW11CuO40 is the catalyst of choice and could catalyze the synthesis of other isoxazole derivatives in high yields and good selectivities.


Abstract A fundamental study has been conducted to understand the mean and turbulence characteristics and their role in mixing processes of starting turbulent plumes initiated by a heated area source and released into a neutral atmosphere. Large eddy simulation has been performed in a domain of size 7 km (vertical) and $4~\text {km} \times 4~\text {km}$ (horizontal) for five different cases with surface heat flux varying from 0.5–2.5 km s$^{-1}$. With increasing buoyancy flux, the plume Reynolds number $Re$ (based on the maximum centreline velocity) increases from $6 \times 10^{7}\text {--}10^{8}$; however, the Froude number $Fr$ does not increase monotonically with increasing $B_o$, it varies from 1.091–1.149. Key physics that contributes to mixing and entrainment of ambient fluid into the plume has been investigated. The buoyancy- and shear-production of turbulence kinetic energy contributes to the mixing processes within the plume. The characteristic features of a starting plume are: the presence of a spiralling columnar neck region surrounding the central core that extends to $5D$ ($D$ is the source diameter), and which is capped with an unsteady head region that actively entrains fluid due to instabilities at the plume interface. Formation of vortex rings and instability mechanisms are linked to the entrainment process. Unsteady entrainment has been calculated using first principles, and the results revealed that entrainment, though negligible initially, initiates with the growth of the instabilities in the head region of the plume, and it correlates with the local Reynolds number in the head region.


This article aims at presenting a generalized picture of contemporary research in comparative analysis of the welfare state models. It also sketches the debates around the possible design of a unified comprehensive model of the welfare state and on the inclusion of new elements into the familiar typologies and classifications. The comparison of approaches to the welfare state modeling and the analysis of the combination of specific policy features in different countries provide an abundant material for advancing new programs and models of socio-economic development.


Academic wiring is one of the essential skills in academic writing, and it is vital to support students' self-development through opinion writing, grant essay writing and others. This study explores students' difficulties in writing English academic essays and the dominant challenges by using a mix-method approach. The qualitative is used to collect data, while the quantitative is used to find the difficulty percentage—the data analysis uses indicators from Brown (1999). The sample of this study was 30 students in the fifth semester of the English Education Study Program at Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana. The results showed that students still experienced serious difficulties in four aspects of academic writing; content, organization, discourse and mechanics. The most dominant difficulties (97%) were found in; 1) thesis statement; 2) related ideas; 3) development of ideas; and 4) use of description/cause and effect, comparison/contrast; 5) effective introduction; 6) topic sentence and 7) reference. Writing essays are challenging for students in the English Education Study program. Further research is recommended to investigate the causal factors and find practical strategies for teaching academic writing courses.


Objective To study the new methods for classifying melasma and the physiometry of different clinical types,to provide the theory basis for treatment of melasma.Methods Eighty-six China female women with melasma were examined with Wood's light and glass compression examination and divided into four clinical types.The value of sebum content,stratum corneum water content,TEWL,melanin and hemoglobin of the patients with melasma and normal skin were measured.The level of melanin and hemoglobin were compared between different clinical types.Results Four types of melasma are described on the basis of Wood's light and glass compression examination: melanin type(M type,23 cases),vascular type(V type,17 cases),melanin dominant type(MV type,24 cases) and vascular dominant type(VM type,20 cases).Compared with normal skin,the value of TEWL,melanin and hemoglobin increased(P0.001),but the water content of stratum corneum decreased(P0.001) in patients with melasma,however,the sebum content between normal skin and melasma has not statistical difference(P0.05).The value of hemoglobin in the lesion of V and VM types was significant increased compare with other two types(P0.01),and the value of melanin content in the lesion of M and MV types decreased compare with V and VM types(P0.01).Conclusion The clinical pattern of melasma can be divided into four types,melanin type,vascular type,melanin dominant type and vascular dominant type.The value of stratum corneum water content in all types of melasma was decreased,and Twl inreased,which suggest the epidermal barrier in melasma was damaged.The treatment of melasma should be based on its clinical types.


Counting units of Jeju dialect are studied and reported here, which is based on 80 counting unit forms from 'Korean Grammar' written by Jeong-soo, Seo. Unique counting units of Jeju are also researched and added. The research was conducted regionally after examining the meanings according to the 'Korean Dictionary'. In this study, Jeju island was divided into 4 parts, Northeast (Waheul, Hado), Southeast(Gasi, Wimi), Northwest(Gonae, Josu), and Southwest (Saekdal, Anseong), and 2 villages were chosen from each part. 8 interviewers in their 70s or more were picked from those villages and interviews were conducted face to face. Therefore, what we look for the meanings of counting units from a dictionary is not the same as we use in real life in Jeju so we need to revise the details. After standardizing weights and measures, old counting units are not used more often than before so they are more likely to disappear. That is why more organized surveys and studies are required.


In the recent past, a number of publications have suggested superimposed pilots (SIP) for channel estimation in MIMO systems. However, the performance gain achieved by SIP compared to conventional (time-multiplexed) training is still questionable. In this paper we introduce a framework for modeling a general SIP scheme, of which the conventional scheme is a special case. Utilizing this framework, we derive a lower bound on the channel capacity to compare the performance between the two systems. It is found that in certain scenarios (high SNR, many receive antennas and short coherence times), it is beneficial to also transmit data during the training mode (i.e., use SIP). The main conclusion though, is that for most cases where these kind of schemes would be realistic, i.e. for systems with coherence lengths of more than a few symbols, the general SIP-scheme reduces to the conventional scheme. Hence, rendering the same capacity.


. This study uses Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to understand about research trends, methods, and data used in decision-making with GPS data. After reviewing 27 chosen journals and proceedings, this study concludes that there are several methods used to decide with GPS data such as decision tree, random forest, neural network, and support vector machine (SVM). Health, environment, Transportation, and agriculture are several fields of business that used GPS data to make a decision. The data analyzed consist of position, time, speed, track, and distance. Based on SLR result, we propose a method to validate the data collection process of a survey using three methods (SVM, decision tree and random forest) will be used to analyze the position, time, track and personal data of the surveyor.


This article engages in a close reading of the first chapter,"The Flats Road",of Alice Munro's novel Lives of Girls and Women,analyzing it from feminist,eco-feminist,stylistic and other perspectives.It tries to show that in her short stories and novels of Canadian local colors Munro demonstrates a broad human concern that goes beyond the limited gender and class politics.Hers is a milder criticism of human frailties and social problems with very subtle narratological skills to embrace almost all the key issues of her time.


With the advent of the information age,multimedia teaching has been the indispensable part of English teaching.Based on the characteristics of multimedia,English oral teaching and how to apply multimedia,this paper discusses the application of multimedia in the teaching of higher vocational and professional education


ABSTRACT To the Editor: —I have read with much interest, but many doubts, the criticism by Dr. Alfred C. Croftan in The Journal, January 11, on the recent article by Dr. Richard C. Cabot, "Diagnostic Pitfalls." I am a great admirer of Dr. Cabot's unequivocal honesty and sterling integrity.One must confess that professional honesty can be graded, the same as commercial products or even California fruit, and this superfine Cabot grade, which would proclaim the truth from the housetops because it is truth, no matter what the personal cost or sacrifice might be, is certainly a rara avis. Only twice have I met it before: once in a great medical teacher who no longer resides in this country, and again in a prominent surgeon with whom this teacher was long associated.Dr. Croftan's statement that in Vienna he has "seen 152 consecutive cases correctly diagnosed in every clinical detail" will be hardly


Taking poly-acrylic acid as additive, a CaCO (3) product with a high ratio surface than 40 m~(2)/g was produced from the reaction of Ca (OH) (2). The pore distribution and pore volume status were studied with the nitrogen absorption method. The crystal type was analyzed with X ray diffraction method. The desulfurization results showed that the desulfurization ability was obviously higher than the conventional products.


A new series of 2-alkyloxy-pyridine-3-carbonitrile-benzofuran hybrids (4a–x) was synthesized. All the new derivatives were examined via the standard technique for their vasodilation activity. Some of the investigated compounds exhibited a remarkable activity, with compounds 4w, 4e, 4r, 4s, 4f and 4g believed to be the most active hits in this study with IC50 values 0.223, 0.253, 0.254, 0.268, 0.267 and 0.275 mM, respectively, compared with amiodarone hydrochloride, the reference standard used (IC50 = 0.300 mM). CODESSA PRO was employed to obtain a statistically significant 2-Dimensional Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (2D-QSAR) model describing the bioactivity of the newly synthesized analogs (N = 24, n = 4, R2 = 0.816, R2cvOO = 0.731, R2cvMO = 0.772, F = 21.103, s2 = 6.191 × 10−8).


Based on the background of the independent issuance of local governments in China, this paper uses the modified KMV model to carry on the empirical analysis to measure the credit risk of the bond. This paper analyzes and predicts the guaranteed fiscal revenue and its growth rate and volatility of the issuance of Shanghai government bonds in the future, and then forecasts the safe issue-volume of different period bonds. From the point of view of default probabilities, the credit risk of Shanghai government bonds is very small, but it will increase with the increase of the scale of issuance. This paper finally proposes some policy suggestions based on the research results.


The shift in technological advancements to Artificial Intelligence guided systems is ushering in a batch of new opportunities and challenges for various industries. The educational domain is especially affected by the use of chatbots to enhance learners interaction capabilities and aid faculty roles by automating mundane tasks. The development of chatbots uses different approaches depending on the educational purposes that they are meant to accomplish. For example, some chatbots are developed using the social constructivist approach and have the ability to act as interactive tutors offering quizzes, assessments, and access to previous lectures. The disruptive technology of chatbots is affecting educational domains in various ways that need to be considered by institutions and practitioners in the field.
KEYWORDS: Artificial Intelligence, Chatbot, social constructivist, interactive tutor.


Generally, a planning problem in a flexible manufacturing system is considered to be a composite of three interdependent tasks : part selection, loading, and routing mix. This research presents a mathematical model which can concurrently solve part selection, loading, and routing mix problems, so the problems that are caused by treating the planning problems independently are solved. The mathematical model is aimed to minimize system unbalance and the number of late parts, including constraints such as machine capacity, tool magazine capacity, and tool inventory. To illustrate the application of the model, an example is included. Solution procedure based on Lagrangian relaxation is also suggested for larger-sized problems.


Counterflow parallel-plate heat exchangers are widely employed in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food processing industries when a compact, flexible, liquid-to-liquid heat exchange system is required that does not entail high temperatures and pressures. Parallel-plate heat exchangers pack a very large surface area into a small volume and can be modified to suit different system requirements by simply changing the number and/or shape of the plates. In addition to being compact and flexible, they are relatively cheap and can be used with a wide range of fluids, including viscous and non-Newtonian liquids. However, analytical solutions to the equations governing the performance of parallel-plate heat exchangers are limited, and the design of these devices depends mainly on empirical correlations and numerical results. For the classical case of macro-heat exchangers axial wall conduction is usually neglected, but several studies have shown that this is not a good approximation in other cases, such as in polymer heat exchangers or in mini- and micro-devices. The main purpose of this thesis is to study the performance of laminar counterflow parallel-plate heat exchangers accounting for both axial and transverse wall conduction effects using a combined analytical and numerical approach. The analysis, carried out for constant property fluids, considers a fully developed laminar flow with moderately large Peclet numbers in the channels, so that longitudinal conduction can be neglected in the fluids in first approximation. The analytical solution for the temperature field is expressed in terms of eigenfunction expansions involving infinite sets of both positive and negative eigenvalues. Based on previous results, the eigenfunctions are expressed in terms of Whittaker functions, leading to an analytical eigencondition that provides the eigenvalues numerically. A suitably defined orthogonality condition enables the determination of the expansion coefficients through an infinite system of linear equations, which must be truncated to a sufficiently large number of terms in order to obtain a numerical solution. The exact solution for the temperature field provides analytical expressions for the interfacial and bulk temperatures, local heat transfer rates, overall heat-transfer coefficient, Nusselt numbers, and outlet bulk temperature of both fluids. The development of the analysis is divided in three stages: - First, a simplified mathematical model that neglects axial conduction in the wall but includes the transverse wall thermal resistance is developed. In addition to the exact analytical solution, an approximate solution that retains only the first two terms in the eigenfunction expansion is presented. The approximate two-term solution, which still incorporates the effect of higher order modes through apparent temperature offsets introduced at the inlet/outlet sections, provides an accurate representation of the temperature field away from the thermal entry regions, thereby enabling simplified expressions for the wall and fluid bulk temperatures, local heat transfer rate, Nusselt numbers, and overall heat transfer coefficient. The parameters involved in the model are the normalized Peclet number ratio, the normalized fluid-to-fluid and wall-to-fluid conductivity ratios (the inverse of the latter being the dimensionless wall thermal resistance), and the dimensionless heat exchanger length. The analysis shows that when axial wall conduction is absent increasing the wall thermal resistance (either by increasing its thickness or decreasing its thermal conductivity) always reduces the heat exchanger effectiveness and increases the Nusselt number of the fluid with the lower heat-capacity flow rate, bringing it closer to its theoretical value for a constant heat flux boundary condition. Asymptotic expressions for nearly balanced heat exchangers are also obtained, which describe the transition from exponential to linear behavior of the lowest order eigenmode as the heat exchanger approaches the balanced condition. - Second, an extension to the previous model is developed to include the effect of small scale wall corrugations using a multi-scale asymptotic approach. The amplitude and wavelength of the corrugations are assumed to be comparable to each other, but small compared to the channel half-widths. On the small (i.e., wall corrugation) scale, the shear-induced flow of two Newtonian fluids that exchange heat trough a thin corrugated wall is studied numerically, retaining both transverse and longitudinal conduction effects in the heat conducting wall. The analysis shows that far from the wall the effect of the corrugations is equivalent to that of a thickened virtual plane surface with partial slip along the corrugations and an apparent wall thermal resistance which has to be obtained numerically. The thermal performance of heat exchangers with flat and corrugated walls is then compared from the point of view of the first and second laws of thermodynamics. In the particular case of steady laminar flow considered here the results show that for high conductive (e.g., metallic) walls the addition of the corrugations always lowers the apparent wall conductivity (or increases the apparent wall thermal resistance), whereas for low conductive (e.g., polymeric) walls the addition of the corrugations may lead to a slightly larger apparent wall conductivity (or lower wall thermal resistance) under certain flow conditions, particularly for relatively thick walls and large corrugation amplitudes. - Finally, a general model that includes both axial and transverse wall conduction effects in laminar counterflow parallel-plate heat exchangers is presented. The model involves the dimensionless wall thickness as an additional parameter. Conditions for neglecting axial wall conduction are established starting from an upper bound for the ratio of the amount of heat conducted axially by the wall to that convected downstream by the fluids. A criterion for neglecting axial wall conduction is then proposed by requiring that this ratio be small compared to unity. A parametric study of the eigenvalue/eigenfunction spectrum and of the performance of heat exchangers with varying degrees of axial wall conduction is then presented. As main outcome, the analysis confirms that when axial wall conduction plays a key role the effectiveness of the heat exchanger varies non-monotonously with the wall thermal conductivity, so that an optimum wall conductivity exists that maximizes heat exchanger efficiency. The analysis of the thermally developed regime provides approximate analytical expressions for the optimum wall conductivity that agree well with the exact values obtained with the model, particularly for moderately long heat exchangers, although the optimum ceases to exist when the wall becomes moderately thick. Spatial distributions of the interfacial and bulk fluid temperatures are presented, together with the corresponding interfacial and wall axial heat fluxes, and Nusselt numbers of both fluids, aiming to illustrate the transition between the different operating regimes with/withouth significant effects of axial/transverse wall conduction.


Numerical simulations have been carried out on natural convection heat transfer in a rectangular cavity. The effect of distilled water-Al2O3 nanofluid on heat transfer in a rectangular cavity heated vertically on sidewalls is analysed. The effective properties of distilled water-Al2O3 nanofluid were calculated from the correlations obtained from literature. The simulation was carried under different volume fraction concentration of nanoparticles as well as different correlations for effective properties of Al2O3-water nanofluid. The results indicate that in general adding Al2O3 nanoparticles into pure water improves its heat transfer performance; however, there is an optimum nanoparticle volume fraction which maximises the heat transfer rate for each condition. It is investigated and discussed the influence of uncertainty of available correlations for effective properties of distilled water-Al2O3 nanofluid. The effects of aspect ratios of the cavity on heat transfer were also analysed. The influence of pertinent parameters such as Rayleigh number and Nusselt number on the heat transfer characteristics of natural convection is also investigated.


This dissertation undertakes the study of olive oil extraction from the point of view of cultural processes anthropology. Field work results have allowed the study, the classification and the cartography of more than 340 oil press. On one side the dissertation tries to reconstitute oil press way of functioning and to study the role of these installations in creating social links in the traditional lebanese society. We suggest in particular new data on the genesis of an original hydraulic system, the matruf, which does not crush the stones. On the other side, the dissertation goes back to the main stages of technological changes in Lebanon from the Middle Ages until today. This dissertation represents the first overall study on the olive oil work in Lebanon.


In order to avoid the stagnation evolution of APO population, the thinking of dissipative structure theory and population diversity are combined in APO. Firstly, a chaos factor is introduced to judge whether the individuals doing dissipative movement or not, which is defined in a dissipation rule. However, the behaviour of an individual decided by the dissipation rule has blindness. Hence, population diversity is used to guide individual's movement. Then a diversity factor is introduced to judge whether population diversity is good or bad. If population diversity is worse than the diversity factor, individuals will do dissipative movement according to dissipation rule. The proposed algorithm is called APO algorithm guide by diversity APOD. Simulation results show APOD algorithm can improve the population diversity and global search capability of APO algorithm.


The paper represents on-chip oscillator controlled by combined (analog and discrete) device controlling piezoresonance oscillating system on the MEMS structure base. This device can be used in telecommunication systems for generating high-stability signals.


Objective To identify the reasons for conversion to laparotomy during laparoscopic procedure of ectopic pregnancy.Methods We reviewed retrospectively the data of 232 patients who underwent laparoscopy for treatment of ectopic pregnancy and the relative factors for conversion to laparotomy were analyzed statistically.Results Out of the 232 laparoscopies,25 converted to laparotomy.The rate of conversion was significantly higher for less experienced compared to experienced surgeon. Significantly more women had the history of pelvic inflammatory disease in the converted group compared to the non-converted group(24% vs.8.7%) and the converted group had significantly higher rate of large free fluid reported on ultrasound and ruptured fallopian tube compared to the non-converted group(24% vs.7.24% and 68% vs.42.51% respectively).Conclusion Less experienced surgeon,history of pelvic inflammatory disease,large amount of free fluid on ultrasound and ruptured fallopian tube increase the risk of conversion to laparotomy during laparoscopic procedure of ectopic pregnancy.


The tropical rainforest cover of Indonesia is the second largest in the word and represents 48% of South-East Asia's or 24% of the world's tropical forest cover. One of the main tree family in Indonesian's rainforest is dipterocarpaceae. This family is also the most important timber family. Indonesia's tropical rainforest has been deforested rapidly and the remaining forest is largely degraded. The enrichment of the degraded forest using native dipterocarp species is required. A plantation trial was established with two spacing types, two fertilizer dosages and five Shoreaspptree types as treatment. The highest and lowest survival rate at 6.5 years old were 86.7% for Shorea johorensis and 55.5% for S. virescent, respectively. The result of statistical analysis using ANOVA at 6.5 years old showed significant effects of treatments; (1) interactive effect of spacing x dosage (F=18.49,p<0.0056) on diameter growth, (2) interactive effect of spacing x dosage (F=7.58, p<0.033) on height growth and (3) species effect (F=3.19, p<0.021) on height growth. While the other treatments were not significant at a significance level of 0.05 for either diameter or height growth. S. leprosula exhibited the highest diameter and * Corresponding author: Tel: +62-274-545639 ; fax: +62-274-545639.. E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com or email@example.com height growth with MADI of 2.2 cm. year -1 and MAHI of 1.32 m. year -1 at 6.5 years. Almost equivalent growth was recorded by S. Johorensis and S. parvifolia. Those species known as fast growing species with high survival rate were recommended as the species for rehabilitation.


This main idea of this thesis is to perfor
m an exergy analysis of biomass on
agricultural wastes. Exergy analysis is a
powerful
tool
to
figure out how much
energy is destroyed
not only in quantity but in quality as well. Thus engineer can
improve the
combustion
system by
minimize t
he
energy dest
royed.
This exergy
analyses were perform on bomb calorimeter, as a prototype for other closed system.
Before perform
exergy analysis,
experiments were conducted on few agricultural
wastes
in natural state and dry state
to determine its heating value.
Th
e equation in
this analysis can be use to perform exergy analysis in any closed system.


The invention relates to a method for assisting the driver in a docking operation of a commercial vehicle (1) on a ramp (10). According to the prior art, a utility vehicle (1) initially at a ramp (10) is approached. The driver then initiates the manually level adjustment to the ramp (10). According to the invention already during the docking operation of the utility vehicle (1) is introduced a level of adaptation to the ramp (10) on the ramp (10) automatically. Preferably, the level adjustment takes place already during the approach of the utility vehicle (1) on the ramp (10).


A series of nine 4-substituted trans-decalones have been synthesized and submitted to hydride reduction by NaBH 4 . Equatorial electron-withdrawing substituents have very little effect on the stereoselectivity, while axial substituents have a large effect. Ab initio molecular orbital calculations on the reaction of cyclohexanone with lithium hybride gave a 1.8-kcal/mol preference for the axial transition state at the RHF/6-31G* level. Substituent effects were studied by calculations with substituents at the C 4 position in the transition structure


A model for $J/\Psi$ suppression at a high energy heavy ion collision is presented. The main (and the only) reason for the suppression is $J/\Psi$ inelastic scattering within hadron matter. The hadron matter is in the form of an evolving multi-component point-like non-interacting gas. The estimations of the sound velocity in the gas and the approximate pattern of cooling caused by the longitudinal expansion are also presented. It is shown that under such circumstances and with $J/\Psi$ disintegration in nuclear matter added, $J/\Psi$ suppression evaluated agrees well with NA38 and NA50 data. Additionally, some rough estimations of $J/\Psi$ suppression in hadron matter described in the framework of the excluded volume gas model are given.


Tasar sericulture, the production of tasar silk, is an agro-based enterprise. Its major production phase consists of two biological processes of growing/ maintaining Tasar food plants and carrying out rearing of Tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta D. Asan, Terminalia tomentosa W & A, is one of the primary food plants. The silk quality and quantity produced by Tasar silkworm depend upon nutritional value of their food plants. With introduction of new technologies in past few years' production and productivity levels in Tasar sericulture has gone up substantially. However, it is rare that fertilizers and manures are supplied to soil by the Tasar Sericulturists, as the Tasar silkworm rearing is done outdoor on natural forest plantation. This has led to exploitation of soils, thus affecting quality and quantity of produce. Present work was taken up to investigate the effect of soil application of vermicompost on leaf production and Tasar cocoon production. Study was carried out at field Khapa of RTRS Bhandara, during 2011-12, on existing natural plantation of T. tomentosa for three crops viz., I, II and III. Freshly prepared vermicompost was supplied to Asan plants @ 2.0 kg/plant. Soil application of vermicompost resulted in 9.75, 9.09 and 8.06% improvement in leaf yield over control during I, II and III crop period, respectively. Rearing of Tasar silkworms on treated plants, that were supplied with vermicompost, resulted in 17.17, 12.34 and 5.18% increase in cocoon yield over control, during I, II and III crop period, respectively. Larval weight was also more in case of treatment as compared to control, an indication of better leaf quality in treated plants. Single cocoon weight and single shell weight increased in case of cocoons harvested from vermicompost treated plants. In case of treatment SR% increased by 2.155% over control. Based on results of present study and it is recommended that vermicompost may be supplied to Tasar food plants in order to obtain good quality leaves and better produce.


PURPOSE: A system for automatization of Internet services is provided so that a user can use Internet services without individual access to Internet sites and can simply acquire organic data by Internet communication without knowledge for Internet sites. CONSTITUTION: An Internet service automation system consists of an Internet access part(2), an agent menu model(11), an agent scheduler(12), an Internet service manager(20), an API(Application Program Interface)(30), a service automaton module(40), an agent action module(50), a module management server(120), and an agent update module(100). The Internet access part(2) controls a physical connection with Internet. The agent menu model(11) receives and analyzes a command from the user of a terminal(1) and executes an operation according to the analyzed command. The agent scheduler(12) intellectually executes automatic work to use an Internet service according to a settled condition. The Internet service manager(20), operated according to the signals of the agent menu model(11) or the agent scheduler(12), manages the operations of the terminal(1). The API(30) enables service modules to use agent environments. The service automaton module(40) enables the user to automatically receive Internet services without the necessity of accessing web servers(3-6). The agent action module(50) transfers Internet service result messages by the operations of the service automaton module(40) to the user. The module management server(120) is composed of an account server(104), a login server(105), an update server(106), and a DBMS(DataBase Management System)(110). The agent update module(100), comprised of a login part(101), a setup update part(102) and a module update part(103), updates the service automation module and setup of the terminal(1) through communication with the module management server(120).


The size of ConNN (Convolutional neural network) tends to increase every year. Thus, it consumes plenty of power to be able to run it. To reduce the power consumption, choosing the right hardware platform is important. Field programmable gate area (FPGA) is also known as low power platform for low level digital design. Therefore, this paper proposes an implementation of ConNN using FPGA in order to reduce the power consumption. We describe the simple ConNN which is optimized ConNN framework compatible with FPGA. Moreover, we implement the handwritten digit recognition to evaluate the performance of our framework.


We have measured the ion-induced secondary-electron-emission (SEE) yields in forward and backward directions from thin sputter-cleaned foils in ultrahigh vacuum. C, Al, Ti, Ni, and Cu have been bombarded with H{sup +}, H{sub 2}{sup +}, and H{sub 3}{sup +} (0.3--1.2 MeV/amu), and C and Al have been bombarded with C{sup +}, O{sup +}, and CO{sup +} (15--85 keV/amu). The yields induced by molecular and cluster ions are compared to those induced by the corresponding isotachic monoatomic projectiles. We observe molecular effects as yield reductions at low projectile velocities ({ital v}{sub {ital p}}{approx}{ital v{ital o}}) and yield enhancements at higher velocities ({ital v}{sub {ital p}}{much gt}{ital v{ital o}}). The results are discussed in the framework of the extended kinetic-emission model by Sternglass and the energy-loss model for clusters by Brandt and Ritchie. The velocity dependence of the molecular effect in SEE follows the velocity dependence of the molecular effect in Brandt's energy-loss calculations. Thus it seems that the energy loss is also proportional to SE yields for molecular projectiles at velocities around and above the Bohr velocity {ital v}{sub 0}.


The platform economy is facing a crisis of accountability. Large Internet platforms, once regarded as sources of hope for democratic social movements or engines of a promising new economy—or, at worst, just superficial distractions—are now facing serious public scrutiny across the globe. The executives of Facebook, Google, and Twitter have been called before the US Congress to account for their roles in enabling foreign election interference. Scholars have raised concerns about algorithmic, data-driven business models, the exploitation of digital labor, the abuse of market power, corporate governance failures, manipulation by oppressive governments, opacity and arbitrariness in content moderation, and corporate surveillance, to name just a few in an ever-growing body of literature on the depredations of the platform economy. This Article suggests that platform stakeholders, including its users, might find such a bloc through the tools offered by corporate ownership, and that founders and early investors in platform companies might see reasons to seek such an arrangement.


Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), also known as infantile polycystic kidney disease, is an inherited disorder affecting the collecting tubules of the kidney. Characteristic sonographic findings have been reported for both the fetus and neonate.1-1 Renal function in affected fetuses is virtually absent, resulting in severe oligohydramnios and pulmonary hypoplasia. We recently observed a case by prenatal sonography in which there was both ARPKD and ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJ). To our knowledge, this association has not been reported previously. This association, while rare, alters the typical findings of ARPKD and may result in misdiagnosis.


The calibration models for color value of white granulated sugar are constructed by near infrared diffuse reflection spectroscopy technology and partial least squares(PLS) regression.The spectra is pretreated by multiplicative scatter correction method,and makes use of Savitzky-Golay smoothing method to do smooth processing to the original spectra,the first derivative spectra and the second derivative spectra.5 wave bands are selected,and adopting the original spectra,the first derivative spectra and the second derivative spectra respectively in each band.By adjusting Savitzky-Golay smoothing point number and the PLS factor number simultaneously,compared with many PLS computational experiments,it gets optimal smoothing point number and factor number for each model according to the prediction effect,and then selects the best one from them.The result shows that the prediction effect by using the first derivative spectra in 780~1100 nm is best,and the root mean square error of prediction and the relative root mean square error of prediction for the corresponding model are 11.2,8.91% respectively.It shows that 780~1100 nm band can replace the whole band of near infrared(780~2500 nm) and get good quantification effect,which provide base for designing minitype special near infrared analyzer.


Power integrity (PI) for recent electronics circuits and systems is the most important technological issue in the field and has been addressed in important papers through several approaches [1][2]. The latest concept of the best PI condition is recognized as maintaining lower impedance between power and ground lines or planes without any clock frequency dependency, even in the GHz region. We found this concept in a relatively old book [3] from the 1980s; thus, it is not the latest idea. However, it cannot be completely realized by the several previously proposed approaches, including many involving the use of low-inductance capacitances. We are aware that plane power and ground resonance are induced electromagnetic interference(EMI) problems due to resonance caused by eddy currents or multiple reflections of voltage fluctuations. A novel technology was used in our previous study only using a conductive layer of dispersed metal particles [4]. The structure is consisted of a conventional FR-4 printed circuit board in which the copper ground plane was replaced with a metal particle conductive layer [4]. This structure improved the PI for any clock frequency especially in GHz region with an impedance of less than 1 Ω. This improvement is verified by an actual 16-channel 3 Gbps/pin I/O interface board in this study. Even though the simultaneous switching of two sets of 16 drivers gave a fairly high current slew-rate of (8 mA × 32) / 60 ps = 4.27 × 109 A/s, the PI status can be verified by the condition. Result was that PIS structure kept better than Cu plane in the VDD fluctuation.


Water pollution on the Delta of Pearl River is increasingly serious and to command the fact of pollution is the key of the control. A remote sensing model for water pollution base on single scattering is deduced in this paper. To avoid the effect by turbidity of water, by analysis the characteristics of the energy composition of multiple scattering, a factor of second scattering is deduced to build a double scattering model, and the practical arithmetic for the calculation of the model is put forwarded and then used to the pollution remote sensing over the Pearl River Delta. The precision of the result is validated by the synchronous measured data on water surface. The result of remote sensing showed that all of the North River, East River and West River are polluted in Pearl River Delta, and the most serious pollution is take place around Guang Zhou City and Dong Guan City.


Adhering to the stop line rule plays a major role in preventing mishaps at traffic intersections. In many parts of the world it can be seen that when the red light i.e. the stop signal turns on, many vehicles would have crossed the stop line and this causes an inconvenience to the pedestrians. This rule has become insignificant in recent times and many vehicles violate this rule and thus in turn, the safety of the pedestrians is compromised. Pedestrians usually expect motorists to halt before the stop line and thus sometimes pedestrians get involved in road accidents. To avoid all this mishaps, a solution is proposed which involves the use of a RFID System.


The object of the thesis is to investigate, measure and analyse the impact of liquidity on portfolio value, risk and execution. We consider the formalism of [Acerbi and Scandolo, 2008] to value portfolios in markets exposed to illiquidity through the use of Marginal Supply Demand Curves. We show that future portfolio returns become fat-tailed when liquidity risk is introduced. Further, we investigate the market impact model of [Almgren et al., 2005], who estimates supply curves on equity instruments by considering a large database of executed orders. Since such data are highly confidential, we propose to use transaction data to estimate the same supply curves. This may enable more market participants to assess their liquidity risks and costs. Transaction data does not contain the same information as order data. To bridge the information gap between the two data sets, we introduce a 'strategy identifier'. By using regression and filtering techniques we show that using transaction data together with the strategy identifier give results comparable to using order data. Finally, we combine the formalism of [Acerbi and Scandolo, 2008] with the supply curves of [Almgren et al., 2005] and expand the notion of Marginal Supply Demand Curves to a stochastic object to model future liquidation prices. We find that a portfolio owner required to liquidate a large position will be faced with a trade off between liquidating fast to a high liquidity cost, versus liquidating over a longer time span but with higher market and liquidity risk.


primary gain here seems to be in the capacity of art to portray more than one scene simultaneously. For instance, some visual depictions bring coherence to the two Armageddon battles of Revelation (p. 188). Likewise, the authors suggest that Dürer's depiction of the six trumpet judgments in one single image may take us behind the text to the jumbled kind of visionary experiences which may have inspired John's writing in the first place (p. 106). Readers may be resistant to the suggestion here that these artistic depictions facilitate 'deeper' exegesis, rather than simply a different forum for exegesis. In this reviewer's opinion, the greater interest and contribution of the book is in demonstrating how the arts illuminate the artists who produced them and the times in which they lived. For instance, in one medieval depiction, the Beast is identified with Islam, whereas a late twentieth century portrayal imagines him as leader of a European economic community; or one nineteenth century romantic depiction of heaven is vast and rural, whereas twentieth century depictions feature relationships, or dialogue with modern technology. Corresponding to this point that art reflects its time, the O'Hears concede to various limitations of art: Although the synchronicity of depiction may at times reflect exegesis, it may in other instances reflect the constraints of the medium, such as space limitations (pp. 95, 102). Conversely some images, which are simultaneous in Revelation, cannot be rendered thus visually (e.g., the New Jerusalem as both city and garden). Moreover, artistic depictions can often go against the text (pp. 63–9); and in the twentieth century, the language and images of the Apocalypse have often become decontextualized entirely, deployed instead to indicate worldwide devastation. Thus the book is at its best when used as a window, not into Revelation itself, but into its artists and their contexts over the past two millennia.


Modal parameter identification methods used in the traditional cable-stayed monitoring system have produced significant errors in signal processing,resulting the poor system performance.In this paper,based on analyses and comparison of several modal analysis algorithms and accurate modal parameters obtained by comprehensive judgment conditions,a cable-stayed parameter identification system is designed using multi-strategy judgment,in which the signal management and processing programs are implemented,and the results are displayed via graphical user interface.The real-time test results show that more accurate base frequency value can be obtained using the proposed system with good timeliness and operability.


In this study alternative futures of rural areas in the EU are explored. For this purpose, a comparative analysis of seven scenario studies of rural areas in the EU was conducted. Often, these scenario studies constructed a baseline scenario - derived from an extrapolation of past trends and policies - and a number of alternative scenarios with different degrees of policy intervention. The time horizon in the scenario studies varies from 2020 to 2035. By focusing on a number of main drivers and responses, we were able to distinguish six distinct alternative futures of rural areas in the EU.


We presents in this paper our approach for modeling inter-topic preferences of Twitter users: for example, "those who agree with the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) also agree with free trade". This kind of knowledge is useful not only for stance detection across multiple topics but also for various real-world applications including public opinion survey, electoral prediction, electoral campaigns, and online debates. In order to extract users' preferences on Twitter, we design linguistic patterns in which people agree and disagree about specific topics (e.g., "A is completely wrong"). By applying these linguistic patterns to a collection of tweets, we extract statements agreeing and disagreeing with various topics. Inspired by previous work on item recommendation, we formalize the task of modeling inter-topic preferences as matrix factorization: representing users' preference as a user-topic matrix and mapping both users and topics onto a latent feature space that abstracts the preferences. Our experimental results demonstrate both that our presented approach is useful in predicting missing preferences of users and that the latent vector representations of topics successfully encode inter-topic preferences.


This paper presents a probabilistic approach for the evaluation of reliability of a proof loaded laminated composite plate under randomly oriented loads. The uncertainty in the direction of loading is modeled as a turncated Gaussian distribution. The Weibull "Weakest Link" concept which incorporates stress and size erects together with the principal stress failure criterion are used to calculate failure probabilities of the laminae. The laminate is then considered to have failed if failure in any lamina occurs. Numerical illustration is applied to an angle ply laminated plate containing a circular hole. The analysis shows the effects of various parameters, such as safcty factor, level of proof load, and degree of uncertainty in the loading direction on the reliability of the plate.


A new version of the classical Rolle's theorem is proved for any ^ -valued differentiable function of the complex variable on an open connected convex subset of the complex field. The associated Mean-Value theorem follows naturally. A few explicit illustrative examples are provided in the closing section of the paper.


Abstract Making use of the extremal points theory, we investigate some extremal problems for the class of analytic functions with negative coefficients defined by Wright's generalized hypergeometric function.


The following study carries out an analysis of physical environment, social and economic situation and touristic perspective of a region in the North West of Leon called Montana de Riano. In this way, we approach both problems that will must be tackle and solve, and advantages and attractions that could mean a touristic incentive. The main purpose of this research will be to set up goals and suggestions to implant a Plan of Touristic Development (PTD). This plan will try to turn the region into an attraction hub, sustainable and respectful with the environment, which protects the traditional customs and habits and equips them with a touristic value.


Mourid Barghouti (b. 1944) began publishing poems in Arabic in the Arab World in the early seventies, and his Collected Works was published in Beirut in 1997. To date, he has published twelve books of poetry, and his voice is recognized as an independent voice out of the seventies' spiritual fatigue that characterized some Palestinian poetry of resistance.1 In 2000, Barghouti was awarded the Palestine Award for Poetry. In addition, his remarkable autobiographical memoir Ra'aytu Ramallah/I saw Ramallah (1997), where he describes "writing as a displacement,"2 has received many reviews that recognized its poetic rendition of the intractable conditions of occupation. The memoir was translated into English by novelist Ahdaf Soueif in 1997; it has been hailed in the Arab world as well as the west as a major literary work of Palestine since Mahmoud Darwish's Memory for Forgetfulness. I Saw Ramallah won the Naguib Mahfouz Award for Literature in 1997.Translations of Barghouti's poems into English, however, began to appear in the west only since 2003. Barghouti reads his poems at international venues where audiences are struck by "work of lasting rarity on first encounter";3 but his poetry is not as recognized in the west as his prose works. The last of his books, Muntasaf al-Layl, came out in Beirut in 2005. The English translation, Midnight and Other Poems by Radwa Ashour, was published by Arc Publications (UK) in 2008. The long poem in Midnight and Other Poems is the subject of this article. It is my hope to demonstrate that Barghouti's poetry deserves attention along those of the older generation of Palestinian poets, those headed by Mahmoud Darwish, Samih al-Qasim, and Tawfiq Sayigh.Midnight is a long poem comprised of several mini poems about exile, memory, history, and writing. Integrated into the conversation are the poet-speaker's feelings and thoughts regarding family and place; the past, present, and future; displacement, country, and nation; and writing and the responsibility of the poet/ intellectual. Midnight opens a window out of the poet's exilic space, a window that seeks freedom from the multiple displacements the Palestinian poet has experienced since 1967 when the remaining land of Palestine was occupied by Israel. The poem also envisions a shared Palestinian experience, a vision that incorporates the circumstances of 1948 Nakba when Israel was established and more than 750,000 Palestinians were rendered homeless.4There must be some other way!/There must be some other captain!There must be a tougher sail!/There must be ships that don't sink twice!There must be a way to live first and die second!/There must be a woman to loveand die for, without incurring the jealousy/ of the homeland! (Midnight 96)An intimate and lyrical dialogue with multiple personae, impressionistic in its aesthetic arrangement, Midnight forges a plurality of vision out of memory regarding exile whereby Barghouti examines the options available to him and to his people. Out of memory, the history of Palestine is inscribed, and the imaginary is reinstated as a viable means of withstanding the continued colonization and occupation. In what follows, I hope to demonstrate how the experience of displacement is reenacted in the poetry; what existential exile implicates for Mourid Barghouti and the Palestinian people; how the poetry whispers and suggests the history of Palestinians from both memory and direct experience; and how the poet's perception of his craft might heal the personal and collective rupture. The diverse and complex poem that is grounded in the historical and literary heritage of the Palestinian Arab gives rise to a few difficult questions: How does poetry reclaim the name of Palestine and Palestinian, when both names are not mentioned once? Could poetic expression accomplish the impossible task of revising the mythicized history when no archives exist? Can poetry nourish a subjectivity that is politically radical and existentially sustainable at one and the same time? …


An error in the expression for the curve fit of Cy/ against R0 has been discovered subsequent to publication. This was due to a software output statement error in the curve-fitting program. It influences all expressions derivative from it. The correct expression for the curve fit is Cy/ = 30.5R-0.71. The derivative expressions and their locations in the paper, along with the corrected expressions are indicated below. As a consequence the curve fit of typical eddies in figure 9 of the paper is also incorrect. During the re-evaluation, we had the opportunity to use the experimentally measured values of u7 obtained with the pocket data, and found that they resulted in a trend that more closely follows the corrected typical eddy data. The corrected typical eddy curve fit and pocket data are replotted below (a dashed line parallel to the typical eddy fit has been put through the pocket data for reference). The conclusion about the similar dependencies between the pockets and the typical eddies remains unchanged; however, the typical eddy scale is approximately 50% larger than the pocket scale. The normalization of the turbulence intensity and Reynolds stress data shown in figures 10b and 11b of the original paper has been recalculated using the correct expressions, and are also shown below. Although there is a quantitative shift of the data, the quality of the data collapse is seen to be essentially unaffected. Hence, all of the conclusions reached remain the same.


The purpose of this research project is to perform the technical study of
biotechnologies applied to treatment and remediation of drilling gravels, for
environmental remediation, which allows to recover largest amount of
contaminating materials present in drilling fluids waste, minimizing the
environmental impact according to national regulations (Hydrocarbons
Law and Environmental Regulation of Hydrocarbon Operations).

This process is used to quantify the volume of waste produced by the
drilling of oil wells. The legal bases on the management and recovery of
waste products from drilling will be applied.

The technical study of biotechnologies applied to the treatment and
remediation of drilling gravel, for environmental remediation is done by
determining the volumes of debris product of the drilling; in addition, to the
techniques used in the oil exploitation.

Key words: Biotechnologies - Treatment - Remediation - Debris - Drilling
fluids.


Four Quartets drafts, speaks both to Eliot's (and Pound's) skill in repackaging the poet in more isolated terms, as well as continuing cultural investments in such models of genius. While Badenhausen seeks to marshal this alternate image of the collaborative Eliot against "critics who attack Eliot's work [. . .] by personifying it" (15), this aspect of his study would benefit from more sustained engagements with those critics. There is no mention, for example, of the continuing debates over Eliot and anti-Semitism, a topic to which Modernism/ Modernity devoted a recent issue, and only occasional attention to the increasing appeal conservative social attitudes held for Eliot. Badenhausen closes his interesting reading of Four Quartets as a collaborative work— having demonstrated that "bits and pieces of Four Quartets that have prompted hundreds of pages of criticism on Eliot's poetry originally emerged as the direct result of Hayward's involvement" (201)—with the claim that in this last major poetic work, Eliot seeks a model of "positive, co-nurturing collaboration" with his readers (202). Yet a fuller explanation of how we might square that approach with the kinds of political debates pursued by Anthony Julius, Ronald Bush, Anthony Schuchard, Marjorie Perloff, and others would help to flesh out both the benefits and the limits of Eliot's particular form of collaboration. To what extent might we see this tendency in the Quartets as a form of Eliot's attempted redemption of his earlier verse, for example, as some scholars have argued? In the end, though, this is a relatively minor objection to a richly detailed and insightfully argued study that should change the terms of Eliot scholarship for some time to come.


This appendix contains a table comprising the results of metrological analyses of over 200 buildings, located in Palestine, Syria, and Illyricum. The table has nine columns, namely: Site, Structure, Chronology, Length, Width, Ratio/Proportion, Module, Foot, and Notes. For each building, the cardinal dimensions of the hall are given in metres (upper line) and in ancient pedes or podes (lower line). The length of that foot in metres is given in the Foot column.Keywords: buildings; Illyricum; metrological analyses; Palestine; Syria


The most commonly used central units in the district heating system are most certainly hot water boilers. Experience in exploitation as well as their former development have given rise to new demands and possibilities of using hot water boilers for achieving a more efficient utilization of fuel. Yet, the current trend is not only for an efficient operation in terms of energy efficiency of primary fuel, but it also comprises many strict requirements when it comes to a cost-effective, reliable and safe operation. A mathematical empirical model of the hot water boiler during the start-up process is presented in this paper. The dynamic behavior of the object will be discussed in the start-up regime because it represents one of the most critical transient regimes during the operation.


Background: A relationship between corneal arcus and atherosclerosis has long been suspected but is controversial. The homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia patients in this study present a unique opportunity to assess this issue. They have both advanced atherosclerosis and corneal arcus. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 17 patients homozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia presenting to the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health. Plasma lipoproteins, circumferential extent of arcus, thoracic aorta and coronary calcific atherosclerosis score, and Achilles tendon width were measured at the National Institutes of Health. Results: Patients with corneal arcus had higher scores for calcific atherosclerosis (mean 2865 compared to 412), cholesterol-year score (mean 11830 mg-yr/dl compared to 5707 mg-yr/dl), and Achilles tendon width (mean 2.54 cm compared to 1.41 cm) than those without. Corneal arcus and Achilles tendon width were strongly correlated and predictive of each other. Although corneal arcus was correlated with calcific atherosclerosis (r = 0.67; p = 0.004), it was not as highly correlated as was the Achilles tendon width (r = 0.855; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Corneal arcus reflects widespread tissue lipid deposition and is correlated with both calcific atherosclerosis and xanthomatosis in these patients. Patients with more severe arcus tend to have more severe calcific atherosclerosis. Corneal arcus is not as good an indicator of calcific atherosclerosis as Achilles tendon thickness, but its presence suggests increased atherosclerosis in these hypercholesterolemic patients. Background The German pathologist Rudolf Virchow is credited with the hypothesis that atherosclerosis reflects insudation of pathogenic agents into tissue. He also noted, in 1852, the association of corneal arcus and atherosclerosis, and hypothesized a similar mechanism of formation[1]. In contrast, William Osler, in 1892, suggested that arcus senilis had little utility in diagnosing "fatty degeneration" of the heart [2]. The attempt to relate corneal lipid deposits and vascular lipid deposits has been and remains controversial, despite continued interest[3,4]. We investigate the relationship between corneal arcus (i.e. arcus senilis) and lipid deposition in other tissues in 17 patients homozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). This Published: 10 March 2008 Lipids in Health and Disease 2008, 7:7 doi:10.1186/1476-511X-7-7 Received: 31 December 2007 Accepted: 10 March 2008 This article is available from: http://www.lipidworld.com/content/7/1/7 © 2008 Zech and Hoeg; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


A complete list of the liverworts and hornworts known from Belize, comprising 49 genera and 65 species, is presented. Twenty-two genera and 30 species are new to Belize, and Calypogeia lophocoleoides Steph. is new to Central America. Belize is a small country (22,963 square km) lo- cated on the Caribbean coast of northern Central America at approximately 160 to 181/20 north lati- tude. The northern half of the country is a low-lying limestone plain, while the southern half is domi- nated by the Maya Mountains, a raised peneplain reaching 1,140 m elevation at Doyle's Delight. The Maya Mountains may once have formed part of a land connection between northern Central America


Molecular recognition in biological systems typically involves large numbers of interactions simultaneously. By using a multivalent approach, weak interactions with fairly low specificity can become strong highly specific interactions. Additionally, this allows an organism to control the strength and specificity of an interaction simply by controlling the number of binding molecules (or binding sites), which in turn can be controlled through transcriptional regulation.


In this paper, we discuss a possibility to apply the mathematical techniques that are used in hydrodynamics to radar polarimetry. Radar scatterers, particularly liquid hydrometeors motion in the gaseous flow, drop deformation and conditions for drop division are studied. Deformation of the drops is associated with polarization features of electromagnetic waves reflected from weather object, and this phenomenon is used to retrieve information about wind that is considered as the origin of drop behavior. In this paper, we discuss the approach that is based on the concept of polarization spectrum of radar signal reflected from weather target. The possibility to use this approach for wind speed calculation and drop size estimate is shown.


The Swedish Working Group of RISM in Relation to National and Regional Projects in Archival Research and Music Bibliography : Where to Go from Here?


If photographic reality were defined by a consumer of photo journalism,2 the definition might be: the photographic recording and subsequent mass media dissemination of still or moving images believed to represent accurately the object of the photography.3 In that photographic reality in journalism translates to credibility, it is an essential ingredient of any mainstream American journalistic enterprise.4 While photojournalism is an integral part of journalism today, it (and in the larger sense, photography) did not exist in the annals of human communication until relatively very recently. Visual images came instead from drawings, paintings and sculpture. To use an analogy developed by astronomer Carl Sagan, if the history of the universe could be thought to equal one calendar year, then humankind has been on earth about 24 hours. One hour would equal about 42,000 years; one minute, about 700 years; one second,


This chapter discusses about air defense radar design. It also includes air defense mission parameters and requirements, air target threat types, interceptor capabilities, performance evaluation and design validation.


Evaluating the risk of violence and re-offending with recognized and validated instruments is a new practice in Baltic countries such as Lithuania. Actuarial assessment and structured professional judgment methods were developed in North American and Western European nations and have recently been adjusted to local settings for research and practice. The present manuscript reviews research, contemporary practice, and relevant policies regarding violence risk assessment in the Baltic region. Specifically, the focus will be on the implementation and patterns of use for risk assessment instruments in Lithuania. The correctional and forensic mental health systems of the country will be described, followed by an overview of government-supported risk assessment tools. The manuscript reviews Lithuanian research on these tools and offers directions for future research and practice.


Infrastructure projects contribute to the development of regional transport and economy. This article features the impact of large-scale transport projects on economic growth. The author determined the relationship between investments in major transport projects and the consequences of their implementation. The study relied on such methods as generalization, classification, comparison, description, and mathematical statistics. One and the same large-scale transport projects are admired as beneficial and criticized as inefficient. Traditional views on investment usually provide only negative coverage. Therefore, large-scale transport projects need to be analyzed from different perspectives that meet regional and national interests. The original hypothesis was the dependence between the gross regional product and the fixed assets of transport organizations in the regions. The comprehensive analysis of this relationship in various regions of the Russian Federation proved the dependence between these parameters. A poor infrastructure was a deterrent to the regional economic growth. The author believes that the critique of large-scale infrastructure projects is unfounded. In fact, they contribute to the regional economic development, primarily in developing countries that are undergoing structural economic changes.


Introduction: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a common dermatological problem. AV can occur in all age groups, especially in the adolescent. Chocolate is one of the most consumed foods by teenagers, its relationship with AV has not been established. Objective: To determine whether chocolate consumption is associated with worsening AV in adolescents and young adults with AV. Methods: Article searches used the PubMed, EMBASE, Proquest, and Scopus databases using the keywords adolescent and young adult, chocolate, acne. Search for relevant studies was also carried out from the reference list. Results: Three articles met the eligibility criteria. Critical reviews demonstrated that white chocolate is associated with an increase in total, non-inflammatory, and inflammatory acne lesions in adolescents and young adults with AV. There is still no agreement regarding the association of dark chocolate with worsening AV in adolescents and young adults with AV. Conclusion: White chocolate is associated with worsening AV in adolescents and young adults with AV, whereas the relationship of dark chocolate with worsening of AV in adolescents and young adults with AV is still inconclusive.


Aim: A comprehensive approach was taken in the modern era to develop new distinguished in situ gels, as it has good desirability, sustainability, self-administrative approach and bypassing first pass metabolism. In this context, we developed and designed nasal administrable in situ gel containing anti-epidermal growth factor receptor-body surface area-CYP-solid lipid nanoparticle for glioma treatment. Materials and Methods: After multiple screenings, gellan gum (0.25-0.75%), carbopol 934 (0.20-0.60%), and poloxamer 188 (0.20-0.40%) was taken as developing polymers. Box-Behnken design was used for formulation designing. Almost all the formulation (F1-F17) shown good results. Result and Discussion: The various evaluation parameters for all the formulations such as, viscosity (231 ± 1.22 to 656 ± 1.11 CPs), gelling strength (85 ± 0.9 to 180 ± 0.6 s), pH (5.7 ± 0.06 to 6.2 ± 0.08), gelling temperature (31.34 ± 0.78 to 37.34 ± 0.45°C), gel melting temperature (51.06 ± 0.23 to 55.23 ± 0.65°C), % drug content (94.12 ± 0.4 to 98.87 ± 0.1), spreadability (7.28 ± 0.23 to 10.84 ± 0.45 cm), and mucoadhesive strength (4619.56 ± 0.56 to 6501.86 ± 0.22 dyne/cm2) was been recorded. However, F8 turns out to be an optimized formula as it possess good dissolution profile (86.89% at 12th h), zero order kinetics (R2 = 0.9971), maximum desirability factor (D = 0.9921), minimum permeation (9.23% CDP after 720 min study), and maximum skin deposition (91.76%). Further F8 formulation was undergone for stability studies as per ICH Q1A (R2) guideline for 30 days. Conclusion: The results were satisfactory and signify good stability for F8 after 30 days of formulation development. However, further correlative in vivo studies were warranted for more conclusive outcome.


Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) consists of all technical means used to handle information and aid communication, including both computer and network hardware as well as necessary software. Information and Communication Technologies tools and services are used in many sectors like development, education, e-services, policy, health and medicine and so one. This paper links the ICTs tools and services for health. ICTs has the potential to impact almost every aspect of the health sector. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have an important role in service engineering, improving medical knowledge and practice, and defining new fields of research.


This paper describes a technique for measuring cooling curves at power levels of up to 65 W. The paper describes in detail a suitable constant temperature fixture to keep a test vehicle at a constant temperature for these power levels. In this experiment a power diode in bare die form is used as the heating source. The diode V/sub f/ is used for junction temperature sensing. The cooling curve method of temperature characterisation is used at this power level because heating curves are difficult to measure when special designed thermal test chips are not available. A special test vehicle was designed to obtain equal temperature distribution across the test diode. The test vehicle has a three layer structure to minimise the number of thermal layers. This enables a more precise cooling curve analysis later in this project. The experimental results were correlated through the use of CFD models. From these CFD models, the thermal resistance and thermal capacitance of the die attach layer can be evaluated. This experiment is part of a project, the objective of which is to thermally characterise die-attach materials for power applications.


A method of determining sulphuric and radical from the polymerizing ferric sulphate (PFS) by volumetric analysis after separating the ferric with Hexamine Sodium diethydithiocarbamate is suggested in this paper.


Privacy is a requirement that has not received the required attention in most e‐learning platforms. Based on the results of a survey we identified weaknesses of e‐learning platforms and describe improvements we made in Moodle as a proof‐of‐concept.


The article traces the literary origins of the first novel that the Victorian popular writer Ouida (Marie Louise Rame) wrote on her move to Italy in 1871. I show how *Pascarel*, a novel much praised throughout the later nineteenth century for its lyrical descriptions of Italy, has its literary roots in two French works famous for their depictions of women artists, George Sand's *Consuelo* and Madamde de Stael's *Corinne*. The novel regenders these models to fit with 1860s ideas about revolutionary Italy. This regendering of sources combined with a previously unknown publication avenue (the Italian nationalist periodical the *Nuova Antologia*) generated a novel that politicises and masculinises the aesthetic for Italian nationalist ends.


Displacement sensing at the nanoscale is required in many applications, including accelerometry, mass sensing and atomic force microscopy. Miniaturization of the sensing elements and integration of the read-out is key in achieving low cost, high resolution and high speed. Here, we present a novel integrated nano-opto-electro-mechanical device which potentially has subnanometer resolution for displacement sensing. The proposed device is a waveguide-coupled, micron-sized, double membrane photonic crystal cavity with integrated electro-optical read-out on a single chip


The theory of non-imaging concentrators when used to pump cylindrical laser rods from flashlamps was developed for several different types of cavities. The theory was used to generate several cavity shapes which were constructed in the laboratory. These cavities were tested along with a diffuse cavity and a semi-eliptical cavity. The threshold and slope efficiency of each set is compared. The lasers were passively Q-switched and the output used as a measure of the pump uniformity of the rods for each cavity. In each case when rod and lamp were matched the non-imaging cavities have the best overall performance.


This paper introduces the use of perceptual linear prediction (PLP) analysis to observe systematic differences in spoken and sung vowels in the acoustic-auditory domain. PLP is a recent evolution of speech acoustic analysis that models more closely the psychophysics of hearing to derive an estimate of the auditory spectrum, and accounts for the effective second formant and 3.5-Bark spectral-peak integration theories of vowel perception. In the acoustic domain, the sung vowel introduces a clustering and lowering of the higher formant structure, a phenomenon called the singer's formant. In the auditory domain, the singer's formant has an observable effect on the frequency and bandwidth of the effective second formant, which in turns raises questions on some of the presently accepted theories on the perceptual nature of vowels and the contributions of auditory spectral regions to vowel classification.


Part I. National framework. - 1. Turkey's water policy framework.- 2. Strategic role of water resources for Turkey.- 3. Challenges for Turkey to implement the EU water framework directive.- 4. Water for energy: Hydropower is vital for Turkey.- 5. Liberalization of Turkey's hydroelectricity sector: Insitutional changes and the private companies.- 6. Water for agriculture: A major and inefficient consumer.- 7.Turkey's policy for combatting water pollution.- 8. Environmental impact assessment in Turkish dam planning.- 9. The role of NGOs in promoting integrated river basin management in Turkey:- A case study of the Konya Closed Basin.- Part II. International cooperation on Turkey's transboundary rovers.- 10. The water dimension in turkish foreign policy.- 11. Turkey's water diplomacy: A theoretical discussion.- 12. Turkey's position towards international water law.- 13. Meric river basin: Transboundary water cooperation at the border between the EU and Turkey.- 14. Coruh river basin: Hydropower development and transboundary cooperation.- 15. Kura-Aras river basin: Burgeoning transboundary water issues.- 16. Euphrates-Tigris river system: Political rapprochement and transboundary water cooperation. 17. Orontes river basin: Downstream challenges and prospects for cooperation.- 18. Conclusion Part II: Cooperation on Turkey's transboundary waters: Analysis and recommendations.


Based on the differential equation of the vehicle dynamic,the paper found out the deceleration degree function of automobile coastdown,got hold of the relation between the time,distance and the original velocity through integral in whole coastdown course.It gained the coastdown performance curve of automobile by use of the MATLAB calculation program to simulate coastdown testing of Automobile.The results of computer simulation were compared with the actual road coastdown testing of the vehicle.


Abstract : The performance of codes on frequency-hopped spread-spectrum channels with partial-band interference is investigated. The asymptotic performance of codes is measured by the channel capacity and the random coding exponent. The performance of specific codes is measured by the bit error probability. The channel models we consider are quite general and include channels with unknown parameters, channels which change with time, and channels with memory. These models are applicable to frequency-hopped spread-spectrum communication systems as well as to several other communication systems. We formulate the problem of communicating over channels with unknown transition probabilities (i.e. communicating over channels with jamming) as a game theory problem with payoff function being the mutual information between the channel input and the channel output. Under certain restrictions it is shown that memoryless coding and jamming strategies are simultaneously optimal strategies. Next we develop simple, yet accurate, models for many channels with memory that arise in practice. The channel statistics are constant for blocks of symbols of fixed length. The receiver is said to have side information if it can determine the channel statistics for each block of symbols transmitted.


Relate to a molybdenum boat for molybdenum materials application, described molybdenum boat comprises molybdenum boat body, and the bottom faces of this molybdenum boat body and the non-riveted joint face of both sides are provided with reinforcement; Described molybdenum boat effectively can improve self non-deformability, and then corresponding prolongation its service life.


With these lines, we would like to present one of the findings effected in the course of the sixth campaing of excavation Site in Los Castellazos de Mediana de Aragon in Saragossa. It is a small and incomplete figure made with clay with a big quantity of grase, grayish tonalities tending into black, and makes a coroplastic singular example from the Iberian period in the Middle Valley of Ebro that doe to its location and for its formal features, raw material, lack of painting, is one of the most usual characteristics in the copies from the same period verified in the peninsular area.


projectile launcher at high speed. It comprises a chamber 1, 2 filled with high explosive 20 accelerating the projectile 10. The barrel 5 is notched grooves 16 which filter the shockwave and prevent the tube 6 to implode. An accelerator 11 can be expected. Application to the simulation of shrapnel impacts.


Charge transfer and electron-phonon coupling (EPC) are proposed to be two important constituents associated with enhanced superconductivity in the single unit cell FeSe films on oxide surfaces. Using high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy combined with first-principles calculations, we have explored the lattice dynamics of ultrathin FeSe films grown on ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$. We show that, despite the significant effect from the substrate on the electronic structure and superconductivity of the system, the FeSe phonons in the films are unaffected. The energy dispersion and linewidth associated with the Fe- and Se-derived vibrational modes are thickness and temperature independent. Theoretical calculations indicate the crucial role of antiferromagnetic correlation in FeSe to reproduce the experimental phonon dispersion. Importantly, the only detectable change due to the growth of FeSe films is the broadening of the Fuchs-Kliewer (F-K) phonons associated with the lattice vibrations of ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$(001) substrate. If EPC plays any role in the enhancement of film superconductivity, it must be the interfacial coupling between the electrons in FeSe film and the F-K phonons from substrate rather than the phonons of FeSe.


Objective: in order to design and implement generalized table data structure in DNA computer. Methods: with the help of the k-arm of the form described by encoding DNA. Process: the first step is to discuss k-arms DNA molecular structure in DNA computing in the application; the second step, discusses the storage structure of generalized list; The third step, on the basis described in detail in DNA computer generalized form of the operation of the main algorithm. The result and analysis: from using the k-arms DNA encoding described in the data, we can get the model in the generalized form recursive effect is effective, get the reason is of memory structure, the main elements of the DNA encoding and the generalized problem of DNA computer biological operation for detailed analysis. Results: paper from using k-arms DNA encoding the formal description method of generalized list data structure design and the realization process in DNA computer is effective, and the model which is effect to the recursive generalized list is the advanced work.


Eds Jerome Engel Jr, Timothy A Pedley, Jean Aicardi, Marc A Dichter, Uwe Heinemann, Solomon L Mosh, Roger J Porter, David C Taylor

Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, $379

ISBN 0 7817 1840 6

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Despite its antiquity, epilepsy remains an intricate clinical entity. This is reflected in the many disciplines involved in epilepsy care, ranging from allied health services to general practice, emergency intensive care, and multidisciplinary epilepsy units. Moreover, knowledge in epilepsy is changing rapidly thanks to research involving molecular genetics, diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, and patient centred outcome measures. The editors of this CD Rom have succeeded in capturing such breadth and depth …

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Pheromones are chemical signals used among consepcifics for social interactions such as sex attraction, mate selection, modulation of neuroendocrine function, and individual identification (Vandenbergh, 1994; Singh, 2001; Halpern and Martinez-Macros, 2003). The male effect is a representative example of such pheromonal actions in goats and sheep, in which exposure to the male pheromone accelerates the pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/luteinizing hormone release and thereby the ovarian activity in the female (Schinkel, 1954; Martin et al., 1986). Several attempts have been made to isolate pheromone molecule(s) responsible for the male effect using the induction of ovulation (Knight and Lynch, 1980) or the stimulation of LH release (Claus et al., 1990; Cohen-Tannoudji et al., 1994) as indices for the pheromone activity. These studies found that the male hair but not urine contained the pheromone activity. Therefore, chemical constituents in the male hairs were extracted and processed for further fractionation and analysis. Although the pheromone activity was observed in the fractions of initial steps, it eventually disappeared as the fractionation proceeded. Thus, the chemical identity of the primer pheromone has not yet been determined so far. A major problem of those studies appears to reside in the bioassay systems they employed, which required several time consuming steps to determine whether the sample in question contained the pheromone or not. To overcome this matter, we have established a bioassay system to assess the pheromone activity in a real-time manner with high sensitivity. Utilizing this system, we have been conducting a series of experiments aiming at elucidation of production mechanism and the isolation of chemical molecule (s) of pheromone responsible for the male effect in the Shiba goat, a Japanese indigenous breed.


The optimal control design of self-excited vibration systems to generate limit cycles having desired amplitudes with a minimal supplying control energy is addressed in this paper. First, we formulate such design problem for n degree-of-freedom (n-DOF) self-excited vibration systems. Then we discuss how to constitute a 2-DOF self-excited vibration system from a passive vibration system by choosing a nonlinear feedback control law. The simulation results show the effectiveness of our proposed design method.


The generation periods of reinforced concrete structural cracks are summarized two stages as: plastic stage and using stage. The creaks producing in different stage have different generation reasons. In plastic stage the aggregate sinking, plastic shrinkage and incorrect plastering can cause cracks; and in using stage dry shrinkage and thermal stress can bring cracks. Thinking of those reasons some corresponding prevention measures are adopted to ensure the safety and durability of reinforced concrete structure.


: Prostitution in London's West End came to constitute a multidimensional transgression for middle-class observers during the late-Vic-torian period, contesting traditional distinctions between West and East, middle-class and working-class, and public and private life. First, through the use of Late Victorian urban exploration narratives, I will show that urban explorers applied a rigid conceptual framework to identify the working-class prostitutes occupying London's affluent West-End. Rooted in class-based hierarchies, these systems of identification presumed that working-class prostitutes were categorically distinct, visible, and undisguisable in London's West End. Moreover, I argue that this conceptual framework reveals the authors' binary understandings of prostitutes' public and private life, which assigned middle-class prostitutes to the domestic and private realms and relegated working-class prostitutes to the observable public. Addition-ally, I will show that working-class prostitutes contested the urban explorer's system of identification by adopting middle-class modes of fashion, dress, and expression. Ultimately, I hope to show that these transgressive activities subverted urban spectators' systems of knowledge on multiple levels. First, they challenged bourgeois understandings of the working-class as an object of empirical study and a source