Abstract Intersection of a moving edge dislocation with disclination configurations, an isolated wedge disclination and a quadrupole of wedge disclinations, is theoretically examined in detail. It is shown that, after a moving disclocation intersects with a disclination configuration, the force occurs which hampers the dislocation motion. By methods of the elasticity theory the exact formulae are found for the forces, F 1 and F 2, which hamper a moving dislocation intersected with an isolated disclination and a disclination quadrupole, respectively. With the help of these formulae the flow stress of metallic glasses in an inhomogeneous deformation regime as well as the energy of elastic short-range distortions in metallic glasses are estimated within the framework of the model in which basic elements of disclination ensemble in metallic glass are isolated disclinations and disclination quadrupoles.


The structure must be survived in a certain seismic motion,there are several methods to predict the state of damage of the structure after the seismic.The purpose of this paper is to review the concept which have been used in damage prediction,four types of techniques have been considered.One is based on the cumulative damage,the other is about the degradation of the stiff of the structure,the next is based on the maximum deformation and cumulative damage,the last is based on the maximum deformation.A number of available damage index are discussed for their applicability in seismic damage evaluation.


The history of the development of the pericardium, diaphragm, and great veins is traced by means of rabbit's embryos ranging from the eighth to the seventeenth day of intrauterine life. The splanchnic origin of the two halves of the heart is briefly illustrated, and each separate half is shown to project into the foremost end of the cœlom.


Gold metal production is one of PTFI goals. Aside from flotation method applied to recover copper and gold, PTFI utilizes gravity equipment (Knelson Concentrator) in grinding circuits of Concentrator 3 and Concentrator 4 to recover liberated/free gold particles. However, it appears that Knelson concentrators have not been optimised properly as indicated by lower Knelson bowl load reading (amps). This becomes more important as the gold price has been recently increasing steadily. Therefore, this study uses throughput optimisation as a framework in gravity equipment in order for the Knelson circuit to meet the designed throughput of 300TPH/Knelson which in turn increases gold metal production. The study indicates nine root causes, i.e., less man power dedicated to Knelson circuit maintenance (RC-1), less ownership of the equipment (RC-2), less knowledge/skill in conducting of maintenance job (RC-3), limited knowledge about spray bar effect on the screen efficiency (RC-4), current screen panel specification
(polyurethane 80 Duro, RC-5), limited operator knowledge about water addition effect to the percent solid (RC-6), control configuration is not robust enough to resolve the instability (RC-7), limited knowledge about Knelson throughput improvement especially on nozzle sizing effect (RC-8) and Knelson circuit optimisation (RC-9).
RC-1 to RC-3 are not the focus on this study, however could be solved through recruitment, motivation and trainings. Installation of a spray bar is required on the screen continued with on-off test to verify the effect (R-4). The study has proposed to replace the current polyurethane panel by rubber panel 40 duro which more flexible (R-5), water addition (RC-6,7) to the Knelson circuit needs to be optimised for controlling density, sump level and diluting screen feed. Nozzle enlargement from 5inch to 8 inch original size needs to be undertaken (RC-8), while linear programming has proven to optimise the operating variable to reach the design throughput (RC-9). At Knelson design throughput, each solution could potentially contribute to C3 and C4 revenue from gold recovery, i.e, 62% by replacing polyurethane screen by rubber 40duro, 10% by optimising water addition, 28% by nozzle enlargement and Linear programming as the tool to optimise the 300TPH/Knelson concentrator.


(AMF), symbionts of the roots of most higher plants and known to promote host nutrition and growth, and soil sustainability. However, the magnitude of the contribution by the AMFs depends, in part, on maintaining its abundance in the soil and their potential to form mycorrhizae with roots. Our objective was to analyze variations in mycorrhizal infectivity (IMS 50 ) and in spontaneous arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization (AM) of soybean crops cropped at three agricultural sites from the north of the Pampean Region (Córdoba), in relation to the historical land use (Agricultural [soybeans for more than 60 years], Mixed agricultural-livestock [A-G, soybean in the last 35 years], and Sierras [soybean in the last 20 years]). An in vivo bioassay revealed that the highest IMS 50 occurred at the Agricultural and Sierras sites, in relation to the Mixed A-G one, the site with the highest available soil P content. Both the IMS 50 and AM negatively correlated with soil P, while IMS 50 was negatively associated with sand content, and positively with water, carbon and clay content. A high degree of infective potential by native AMF was detected in soils destined for soybean crop at the Pampean Region with different historical land use. The IMS 50 was a more sensitive detection method than the determination of AM colonization in the field. It is concluded that IMS 50 could be used to define agricultural management strategies to maintain/favor native AMF communities.


Airway remodeling (AR) in asthma is characterized by increased airway smooth muscle mass, subepithelial fibrosis, epithelial changes, and increased numbers of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Established AR is resistant to current asthma therapies and can lead to irreversible airflow limitation, thereby increasing the severity of asthma. We hypothesized that L‐arginine metabolism is altered in AR, ultimately affecting collagen synthesis which may be evidenced by upregulation of expression of genes involved in arginine metabolism. We investigated expression levels of key regulatory enzymes in the arginine pathway: arginase 1, arginase 2, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), and ornithine aminotransferase (OAT). mRNA levels were detected by reverse‐transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Cell immunochemistry and/ or enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were utilized to identify protein levels in human lung fibroblast (HLF) from normal (NHLF) and diseased (DHLF) asthmatic donors. ELISA was performed with nuclear, mitochondrial, and cytosolic protein fractions. Cells were treated with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), a known trigger of symptoms for aspirin‐induced asthma, for 24 hours. Arginase 1 mRNA was not detected. ASA upregulated arginase 2 mRNA 5‐fold and 7‐fold in NHLF and DHLF, respectively after 24 hours. ODC and OAT mRNA were not significantly altered by treatment. Cell immunochemistry experiments indicated arginase 1, arginase 2, ODC, and OAT proteins were present in NHLF and DHLF with or without ASA treatment. Arginase 2 levels were further analyzed via ELISA. In NHLF and DHLF mitochondrial fractions, increased levels of arginase 2 were observed after 24 hours of ASA treatment compared to untreated cells. In the NHLF and DHLF cytosolic fractions, there were decreased levels of arginase 2 compared to untreated cells. In the nuclear NHLF and DHLF fractions, we observed increased arginase 2 after 24 hours of treatment compared to untreated cells. Both mRNA and protein levels of arginase 2 increase in human lung fibroblasts after 24 hours of aspirin treatment. As arginase 2 may be involved in airway remodeling during the development of asthma, limiting exposure to aspirin may have an effect on lowering the rate of airway remodeling, and thus have an effect on asthma development. Further investigation into the role of the arginase pathway in aspirin‐intolerant asthma needs to be pursued.


Business is an economic, cost effective, financial and profitable activity to earn revenues for the owner. Business is expected to create means and market, create and generate employment and produce a sufficient surplus to sustain its activities and perk up its competitiveness. Every firm is so dependent on its social environment that it can neither survive nor grow without full social acceptance and approval of all the constituents of the environment. Since ancient times India has a rich heritage of governance practices of social obligations and responsibilities. The concept of dharma or righteousness in the conduct of every human activity has been a key commandment in the Indian scriptures. Even though the concept of corporate social responsibility is an age old concept yet it seems to gain momentum recently. Corporate Social Responsibility is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large. The trend of globalization has brought a realization among firms that in order to compete effectively in competitive market environment; they need clearly defined business practices with a sound focus on the public interest in the markets. CSR is not an optional add-on to the business but a means to integrate their ethical standards interwoven with the moral responsibility towards their society so as to have a sustainable growth & development of the business scriptures. In this paper, researcher will discuss about the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR), its objectives and benefits & will give some suggestions about how CSR can be used more effectively.


Principal focus this Research is study deeper about execution of countryside governance [in]Countryside of Foreland of District of Koto of Kampar of Pate;Upstream of Kampar Sub-Province inorder to realizing countryside autonomy, but practically countryside governance not yet can be realizedeffectively and efficient. Its form [is] countryside governance not yet seen from ability from Countrysideof Foreland of District of Koto of Kampar of Pate;Upstream of Kampar Sub-Province, in managingfinance of countryside and countryside institute, what not yet measure up to the independence in thecountryside governance execution.Implementation from Number Law 32 Year 2004 in realizing countryside governance inCountryside of Countryside of Foreland of District of Koto of Pate;Upstream Kampar, goods have ofcourse get various resistance. As for resistance which researcher find in executing countryside governance[in] Countryside of Countryside of Foreland of District of Koto of Pate;Upstream Kampar is not yet madeavailable of good human resource ability and professional, finance which not yet adequate, availibility ofequipments and facility which still minim and execution of governance management which uncommittbetter. This matter cause its form not yet otoomi countryside, specially [in] Countryside of Countryside ofForeland of District of Koto of Pate;Upstream Kampar. Keyword: Implementation of Policy and Countryside Autonomy


Abstract Objective: Acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are neoplastic blood disorders in which the cancerous white blood cells accumulate, resulting in a significant morbidity and mortality. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) association is observed as one of the factors in the development of leukemia. The objective of the present study was to analyze the allele frequency of HLA Class I (HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C) and Class II (HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1) in Indian acute leukemia patients and to compare them with the frequencies in healthy, unrelated Indian individuals. Materials and Methods: We included 500 Indian leukemic patients (AML = 324 and ALL = 176) and 1000 unrelated, healthy, Indian individuals as controls. The HLA typing was performed using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes. Results: On univariate analysis, allele frequencies of HLA-AFN*0111 and HLA-DRB1FN*0111 were lower in patients with ALL (P = 0.0181 and P = 0.0025, respectively). Whereas of HLA-AFN*0111, HLA-DRB1FN*0111, and HLA-BFN*0151, these frequencies were relatively lower in patients with acute leukemia (AML + ALL) (P = 0.0382, P = 0.0093 and P = 0.0384, respectively) and HLA-CFNx0101 (P = 0.0304) in AML when compared with control individuals. In contrast, the HLA-BFN*0139 and HLA-CFN*0107 allele frequency was higher in acute leukemia (P = 0.00372 and P = 0.0463, respectively) and in AML (P = 0.0010 and P = 0.0178, respectively) than that in controls. On multivariate analysis, BFNx0139 showed positive associations with acute leukemia (P = 0.006) and AML (P = 0.002). HLA-AFN*0111 and-DRB1FN*0111 showed a negative association with acute leukemia (P = 0.009 and P < 0.0001, respectively) and ALL (P = 0.013 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusions: The HLA-BFN*0139 has a positive association with AML and acute leukemia, whereas HLA-AFN*0111 and HLA-DRB1FN*0111 alleles have negative association with ALL and HLA-BFN*0151 along with these two alleles with acute leukemia. No positive association was observed with ALL. HLA-CFN*0101 frequency was lower in AML patients than that in controls.


The history of the disease. Patient, student of the Faculty of Law of Kazan University, B, 22 years old. I applied to the clinic on January 21, 1911 with complaints of lack of movement in the wrist and fingers of the left hand, sensation of cold and onѣmeniya in the same hand up to half of the shoulder, inclusive. The patient tells the following about the beginning of his illness: on January 4, 1911, after standing for 1/2 hour on a sharp wooden railing with his left hand, just the outer side of his shoulder, he felt cold, he felt a chill in his hand and a feeling of chills; I wanted to straighten my jacket, but I could not, since the hand and fingers of my left hand did not function well enough. While standing, I did not feel anything and calmly talked to those around him (it happened in the people's house). Before dark alcohol did not drink and was completely healthy. Two days before that (January 1 and 2), the patient had a runny nose, cough and a slight fever, but he felt good.


The Sibin Bian-stone is a structurally compact micromeritic limestone with 96% of CaCO3.In order to comprehend the quality of Sibin Bian-stone infused water for drinking,we measured trace elements in two type infused waters,one is in pure boiled water and the other is in boiled water with added multi-element standard solution using ICP-AES and ICP-MS techniques,respectively.The results of our study are as follows:(1) The pure boiled infused water does not contain heavy metallic elements that are harmful to human health,such as Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,Zn,but contains main common elements like Ca,Mg,Sr,Na,K and Si,and their contents increase with increasing of infusing time,but all of them are much lower than the quality indexes of national standards for tap water of China,and the pH value of the infused water stabilizes in the range of 8.1–8.2,appearing weak alkalinity,suitable to people's taste.(2) In the infused boiled water added by standard solution,the contents of the main common elements increase with increasing infusing time and pH values,but REE,harmful heavy metallic elements,and most metallic micro-elements decrease continuously with increasing infusing time and pH values.(3) Dissolution of CaCO3,precipitation of metallic ion carbonates,and adsorption between metallic irons and CaCO3 surface are three main factors that caused the continuous decreasing of concentrations of most metallic ions in the infused water.(4) Although the Sibin Bian-stone infused water is harmless,nontoxic,suitable to people's taste,and capable to reduce the content of harmful heavy metallic elements in the water,as well as to supply some of useful elements Ca and K to human health,drinking of Bian-stone infused water is of little differences in comparison with drinking of weak alkaline bottled water.


Friction materials are applicable for braking and transmission in various machines and equipment. Their composition keeps changing to keep pace with technological development and environmental/legal requirements. For more than 80 years asbestos has been used as a friction material because of its good physical and chemical properties. However, due to the health hazard associated with its handling, it has lost favour and several alternative materials are being increasingly used. Thus, in this work, a non - asbestos friction material was developed using an agro-waste material base - palm kernel shell (PKS)- along with other constituents. Among the agro-waste shells investigated the PKS exhibited more favourable properties. Taguchi optimization technique was used to achieve optimal friction material formulation and manufacturing parameters. The derived friction material was used to produce automobile disk brake pads. The laboratory brake pads were tested for wear and effectiveness on a car. When compared with a premium asbestos-based commercial brake pad they were found to have performed satisfactorily. However, more pad wear was observed on the PKS pad at high vehicular speeds beyond 80km/hour. The results suggest that palm kernel shell could be a possible replacement for asbestos in friction lining materials.


This paper proposed a speech timbre space that can be used for objective evaluation, and a small and medium-sized speech timbre corpus based on expert screening is developed. First, we collected 32 vocabularies describing vibratory vocalizations by reviewing a large number of literatures (e.g., musical instruments and human voice, etc.). For the vocabularies with high similarity, the series category method and multidimensional scaling were used to filter and determine the dimensions of the speech timbre space that match the subjective listening perception. Next, we used k-means clustering to obtain the final 5-dimensional speech timbre space. Finally, we collected a large number of pure Chinese speech sounds from the Internet and conducted subjective evaluation experiments to obtain a corpus with timbre labels. The results of the subjective experiments show that the established speech timbre space can describe the speech in daily life. This timbre space can be subsequently put into deep learning to process the input audio with timbre labels.


Abstract. Immediate breastfeeding indeed has positive impacts for both mother and baby. Based on Fika's and Syafiq's research, a mother who does immediate breastfeeding has 2-8x higher chance in giving exclusive   breastfeeding. The purpose of this research is to understand the relationship between immediate breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding at Kaswari Ward Wangaya Hospital, Denpasar City. For this research, we used analytic approach with case control as the study design. Population that we use was mothers who have 7-12 months old baby in Kaswari Ward Wangaya Hospital, Denpasar City. Sampling was done through purposive sampling method, with the sample of 50 mothers. Whereas, data analysis was done by using chi square method. The result of this research shows that there was positive correlation between the practice of immediate breastfeeding and giving exclusive breastfeeding (p value=0,04). Thus, mother who practices immediate breastfeeding has 5x higher opportunity to give exclusive breastfeeding.Keywords: Immidiate Breastfeeding, Exclusive Breastfeeding, The mothers Group Who Gets Health Services at Wangaya Hospital


In today's era of autonomous vehicles and connected cars, traffic sign detection and recognition is an important feature of autonomous vehicles and advanced driver assistance systems. There has been extensive research in this field and it has been a consistent application domain in the automotive sector. Recent times have seen the emergence of a large number of public datasets corresponding to different countries, over which traffic sign detection and recognition techniques are being employed. We present a survey paper which involves a comprehensive study of existing techniques being used, along with a performance analysis over different datasets. We also discuss the trade-off of the different options in terms of accuracy and recognition time.


This report, presented by Dino Kos, Executive Vice President, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and Manager of the System Open Market Account, describes the foreign exchange operations of the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the Federal Reserve System for the period from July through September 2005. Phil de Imus was primarily responsible for preparation of the report. TREASURY AND FEDERAL RESERVE FOREIGN EXCHANGE OPERATIONS


ABSTRACT Orientia tsutsugamushi, an intracellular bacterium, belongs to the family Rickettsiaceae. This study presents the draft genome sequence of strain Karp, with 2.0 Mb as the size of the completed genome. This nearly finished draft genome sequence was annotated with the RAST server and the contents compared to those of the other strains.


We consider the strong-coupling phase in a model of $O(N)$ spin-2 field theory in de Sitter spacetime and the effective mass of spin-2 fields therein. In the strong-coupling phase, the Higuchi bound limits the mass parameter in the theory. The analysis using the large $N$ approximation finds the critical value of the mass parameter with numerical calculation.


This study aims to develop an entrepreneurship module based on the Minangkabau culture to increase self-confidence. Learning objectives using this module to help direct and program the future of students according to the goals they want to achieve.  Students who are eligible to be used on campus.  Research is research and development (R&D). Result The study found that the average condition of student self-confidence was in the moderate category, but this remains a concern and requires future follow-up. Quality module seen from the aspect of the feasibility of the contents,  aspects of the language to get the responses were positive and worthy of the category well. Based on the results of data analysis, the application of modules in learning, in general, can be implemented.


Recently Alekseev and Belinski have presented a new exact solution of the Einstein‐Maxwell equation which describes two Reissner‐Nordstrom (RN) sources in reciprocal equilibrium (no struts nor strings); one source is a naked singularity, the other is a black hole.In this paper we use the Alekseev‐Belinki solution in the special case in which the charge of the black hole is zero—therefore we have a naked singularity near a neutral black hole. We give the plots of the electric force lines in both the cases in which the naked singularity has a mass comparable with the black hole and in which it is much smaller. The analysis of this latter case confirm the goodness of the Hanni‐Ruffini approximation.


For at least two centuries, we in Trinidad and Tobago have been struggling to promote and sustain meaningful primary education for our citizens. In spite of all our wellintentioned plans and efforts, I do not believe that our primary education system has been responding to our needs as a nation. Yes, I agree that this system has produced scholars and world-recognised achievers. However, it has catered primarily for the cream of the crop, or our brightest students, and not for the majority.


Uncivilized enactment in urban administration is not rare in our country.The causes can be attributed to a number of areas: that resulting from the management,the legal environment,the characteristics of the work itself and supervision of the enactment.To solve the problem,the personnel should be optimized,the work style should be improved,supervision should be strengthened,rational assessment should be conducted and digital information-based management should be practiced.


Objective:To investigate the perioperative changes of serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concen- tration in patient with rheumatic valve disease undergoing cardiac valve repalcement and study the meaning of perioperative serum concentration of NT-proBNP in the perioperative risk assessment of rheumatic valve disease. Methods:There are 32 patients accord with conditions admitted to the study,the serum NT-proBNP conentration was meas- ured before cardiac surgery,3 h (hours),24 h,48 h,and 120 h after surgery.The cardiac output (CO)、cardiac index (CI)be- fore and 16 h after sugery was measured by transesophageal echo-doppler,then compare their relationship between the NT-proBNP concentration.And clinical function state associated with operative death,arrhythmia,inotropic agents,ventilation time respectively. Results:①The postoperative NT-proBNP level had no remarkable change 2 hours after operation (P0.05),but elevated markedly and acutely to a peak level at 24 h after operation (P0.01),then it reduced remarkable at 48 h and 120 h after oper- ation but still higher than its orininal level before operation(P0.01).②NT-proBNP level before operation were significantly negatively correlated with CO before operation (r=-0.8734,t=-11.2022,P0.01) and 16 h after operation (r=-0.8579, t=-10.4291,P0.01).It is also significantly negatively correlated with CI before operation (r=-0.8481,t=-9.9969, P0.01) and 16 h after operation (r=-0.7691,t=-7.5148,P0.01).③Compared with uneventful cases there ware higher preoperative serum NT-proBNP concentration in patients with postoperative morbility.Represented by long time intropics and ventilation support. Conclusion:The perioperative serum NT-proBNP level have a important clinical significance in assessment of perioperative risk in patients with rheumatic valve disease undergoing valvular replacement.Patients with lower preoperative serum NT-proBNP concentration have higher CO CI,fewer operative complication and more smonth postoperative course.Serum NT-proBNP level sharply elevates in the early 24 h after operation and then gradually decreases in the late time.


Purpose: The management of local recurrence after curative surgery of the rectal cancer remains difficult clinical problems to surgeons. This study was performed to analyze the outcomes of patients with local pelvic recurrence according to its recurrence type. Methods: A total 109 patients with local recurrence were evaluated. Among the 109 patients 62 were local recurrence alone and 47 were both local and systemic recurrence. The recurrence type was classified as Central, Anterior, Posterior, Lateral and Perineal recurrence according to the relation of the tumor location and either intra pelvic organ and/or fixed pelvic structure. Results: Only 26 (23.9%) of the 109 patients had curative resection and the remaining 83 (76.1%) patients had palliative exploration or nonsurgical procedure. The resectability according to the recurrence type showed that the Central and Anterior type was higher than other type of recurrences (P=0.001). When the primary operation was Abdominoperineal Resection (APR) the resectability was poorer than Low Anterior Resection (LAR) (P=0.0001). When comparing the patients with local recurrence alone, the 5 year survival rate was significantly higher patients treated by curative resection than palliative or non-resection group (P=0.002). Mean follow up period was 44.230.0 months and mean recurrence time between primary operation and recurrence was 26.022.7 months. Conclusions: Resection for central type of the recurrent is potentially curative, however treatment failure was common when the recurrence invaded fixed pelvic structure. Our data suggest that local pelvic recurrence should be treated with radical resection as can as possible.


This research applied a Genetic Algorithm model to identify suitable JONSWAP spectra parameters for specific locations, solving restrictions such as the influence of bathymetry and met-ocean events that could limit the coefficient selection of the spectra. Also, this study assessed available parametrized equations of the JONSWAP spectra in order to verify their applications for easing the application of the GA model. The modeled results demonstrated the capability of the GA model to find the best alpha and gamma values of the spectra for normal and extreme sea state conditions. In addition, the assessed spectra parameterized equations evidenced limitations to represent the wave energy distribution at the study area, then, this study performed a successfully modification of one of these parameterized equations to model the proper JONSWAP spectra. According to the results was evidenced the necessity to apply numerical approaches such as Genetic Algorithms to solve wave spectra equations for offshore structure designing, and the assessing of support parameterized equations before their application because the wave loads could be wrongly estimated.


. We use a leading-order viscoelastic model for crevasse evolution, in which a purely viscous model for the deformation of the domain couples with linear elastic fracture mechanics models through a viscous pre-stress. The fracture mechanics model conversely couples with the viscous model by inserting cracks into the domain, which viscous flow subsequently pulls apart. By contrast with prior work, we solve the fracture mechanics problem on the actual domain geometry using a boundary element method, coupled with a finite element solution of the Stokes equations describing the viscous flow. We study a periodic 5 array of surface and basal crevasses on an ice shelf being stretched at a prescribed rate. We find that calving can either occur instantly for large enough stretching rates or sufficiently high surface water levels or through feedbacks between partial fracture propagation and subsequent viscous deformation and adjustment of the viscous pre-stress acting on crack faces. Our results show that purely stress-based calving laws cannot robustly describe the process of calving, since they cannot account for the gradual evolution of local crevasse and surface geometry, which can be understood at the large scale as being more akin to the 10 evolution of a damage variable. Future work will need to coarse-grain the type of process model we describe here in order to make it applicable to ice sheet simulations.


The pathogenesis characteristic of the difficult internal medicine disease is the miscellaneous pathogenic factors, mixed disease, embedded disease or severe flooding; The clinic should insist on the treatment based on syndrome differentiation combined with disease differentiation, grasp the characteristics of the pathogenesis and try a variety of ways; We should break through the concept of monarch, minister, assistant and guide in TCM prescription, incompatibility, and formula size; Don't avoid using toxic drugs, large doses, abnormal usage. Currently, the treatment of difficult internal medicine disease is owe to the wind, Qi, phlegm, stasis, poison, virtual and other factors. However, suming up clinical experience, seeking truth from facts, we should break through all the treatment of the difficult internal medicine disease of wind, phlegm, stasis, Qi, poison, empty and other thinking imprisoned, to avoid falling into a method of " guarantee to cure all diseases" myth of thinking.


Presented against a motor drive for reducing power loss event and overvoltage limiting device and method for a reverse speed of the motor, wherein, when the motor drive power loss, enable the first power consumption in the motor drive circuit to limit the output load driven by a motor reverse rotation, and after the motor drive power is restored, the second DC bus circuit for reducing power consumption of the circuit is an overvoltage.


The present invention is a liquid crystal of the beginning of the pixel electrode by the first electrode is in the interval 0-out interval of the formation, and the lower metal wiring or less 3㎛ between an insulating film is formed so that they are at 3㎛, OCB mode liquid crystal display device a drive voltage that is, the lower the initial driving voltage required to cause a phase change of the band the over spray, a liquid crystal display that can be easy spread on to the neighboring pixels, as well as fix the generated problem of the parasitic capacitance and the lower metal line to an apparatus and a method of manufacturing the same. The liquid crystal display device and its manufacturing method of the present invention includes a first substrate; A conductive layer formed on one side surface of the first substrate; Is formed on the conductive layer, the insulating film having at least 3㎛ thickness; It is formed on the insulating film, the first electrodes with a separation of less than 0 3㎛; A second substrate facing the first substrate, a second electrode formed on a side surface; And a liquid crystal display device and its manufacturing method comprising including a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate has a technical feature. Therefore, by the liquid crystal display device and a manufacturing method of the present invention, an insulating film is formed as the pixel electrode in the first electrode intervals of the distance between and not more than 3㎛, the lower metal line is at least between 3㎛, OCB mode, a liquid crystal initial drive voltage of the liquid crystal display device that is, to cause a phase change of the band the over spray can reduce the initial drive voltage required, and can solve the problem to make an artificial nucleus, a phase transition time of the band a is shortened, as well as be the phase propagation of the neighboring cell easy, it is effective to solve the problem of the parasitic capacitance generated between the lower portion of the metal wire. OCB, spray, band, transition


This paper deals with the computational modelling and numerical simulation of quasi-static and dynamic contact problems at finite deformations using the finite element method (FEM). Full stick and frictionless contact conditions are addressed. A direct elimination algorithm (DEA) for full stick and frictionless, quasi-static and dynamic, contact problems is introduced [1]. A slave/master description of the contact surfaces is used. A node-to-segment (NTS) contact formulation is considered. Drawbacks linked to penaltybased and Lagrange multipliers methods are avoided [2,3]. Suitable discrete contact kinematic constraints are introduced for quasi-static and dynamic contact problems, considering full stick and frictionless contact conditions. A discrete momentum and energy conserving algorithm is introduced for frictionless dynamic contact problems [4], while a discrete energy conserving algorithm is considered for full stick dynamic contact problems. An assessment of the performance of the DEA is shown in a number of benchmark tests and representative numerical simulations, including full stick and frictionless conditions for quasistatic and dynamic contact problems. Conservation of key discrete properties inherited by the proposed DEA, such as the angular momentum and energy for frictionless dynamic contact problems, or energy for full stick dynamic problems, is also shown. Problem setup and conservation of momentum and energy for the impact of two quasi-rigid cylinders sliding on a frictionless surface are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.


Breastfeeding education should be delivered by a person who is qualified and expertise in lactation management. This study is conducted to evaluate the effects of breastfeeding education on mothers' knowledge and infants' weight gain. The mothers received individual and group counselling education interventions. The intervention resulted in a significant difference in the level of knowledge regarding post breastfeeding education between groups (p< 0.001). However, the infants' weight patterns showed an increase in total of 489 grams for the control group and 356 grams for the intervention group by week four. Support from nurses is vital for the successful assistance of mothers in breastfeeding to empower them and boost their confidence.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate and prove the feasibility of a semantic web (SW) based approach to textual encoding. It aims to discuss benefits and novel possibilities with respect to traditional XML‐based approaches.Design/methodology/approach – The markup process can be seen as a task of knowledge representation where elements such as words, sentences and pages are instances of conceptual classes forming a semantic network. An ontology web language ontology for textual encoding has been developed, capturing structural and grammatical aspects. Different approaches and tools to query the encoded text are investigated.Findings – resource description framework (RDF) is powerful and expressive enough to fulfil tasks traditionally done in XML as well as to enable new possibilities such as collaborative and distributed textual encoding and the use of ontology‐based reasoning in text processing and querying. While the encoding of overlapping hierarchies through the use of existing approac...


One kind of wire rope anchor, comprising: a wire rope having a first end and a second end; wedge and the cartridge assembly, which is connected adjacent to the first end of the rope at a position of the rope. The wedge assembly having a first cylinder end and a second end. The wire rope anchor further comprises a nut located adjacent the first end of the cartridge assembly position of the wedge, and defining a sealed interface between the first end of the wedge of the barrel nut assembly. Said nut defining a passageway in fluid communication with the rope.


We investigated the effects of different sources of alumina (Pseudo-boehmite, Aluminum hydroxide, Aluminum tri-sec-butylate, Aluminum isopropoxide, and Aluminum phosphate) and silica (Silica sol, Silicic acid, Tetraethyl orthosilicate, and sodium silicate)...


[unknown no. of pages] transcript of an interview with George First Rider conducted by unknown interviewer on February 20, 1969. Tape number IH-AA.017, transcript disc 47.


The milk composition of each species is unique, because it has evolved according to specific needs and adaptation to the environment. As milk data from more species became available, an evolutionary trend shows a phylogenetic distinction between Eutherian taxa regarding milk composition. For example, differences in the composition and properties of nutrients have been reported between carnivores and herbivores, as well as between ruminants and non-ruminants. Although limited, data of the three subclades of the Eutheria (Xenarthra, Afrotheria and Boreoeutheria) suggest that a phylogenetic distinction in milk composition may also exist between them. In this review, the validity of such a distinction is investigated with emphasis on the Atlantogenata.


[1] The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign general circulation model with interactive photochemistry has been applied to estimate the changes in ozone, temperature and dynamics caused by the observed enhancement of the solar ultraviolet radiation during the 11-year solar activity cycle. Two 15-yearlong runs with spectral solar UV fluxes for the minimum and maximum solar activity cases have been performed. It was obtained that due to the imposed changes in spectral solar UV fluxes the annual-mean ozone mixing ratio increases 3% over the southern middle latitudes in the upper stratosphere and 2% in the northern lower stratosphere. The model also shows a statistically significant warming of 1.2 K in the stratosphere and an acceleration of the polar-night jets in both hemispheres. The most pronounced changes were found in November and March over the Northern Hemisphere and in September–October over the Southern Hemisphere. The magnitude and seasonal behavior of the simulated changes resemble the most robust features of the solar signal obtained from observational data analysis; however, they do not exactly coincide. The simulated zonal wind and temperature response during late fall to early spring contains the observed downward and poleward propagation of the solar signal, however its structure and phase are different from those observed. The response of the surface air temperature in December consists of warming over northern Europe, USA, and eastern Russia, and cooling over Greenland, Alaska, and central Asia. This pattern resembles the changes of the surface winter temperature after a major volcanic eruption. Model results for September–October show an intensification of ozone loss by up to 10% and expansion of the "ozone hole" toward South America.


Understanding retail shopper behaviour is very significant as it directly influences the sales revenue of small and large retail businesses as well as the economy as a whole. Retail shopper behaviour is highly complex and dynamic in nature and hence draws attention from multiple angles. The present study is a step towards understanding the retail shopping pattern of customers with respect to traditional stores and supermarkets. The study has described the shopping pattern of retail customers based on their shopping frequency to retail stores, store choice for conducting fill in and major trips, time spent during every visit to the store and the money spent during each visit. In addition, the role of consumer demographics in influencing the frequency of visit to traditional store and supermarket is also analyzed and presented.


This study proposes distinct new features in the PZT sensor signals to separate the effects of damage (edge cracks) and non-damage (temperature and applied loads) conditions in the metallic structures. Experiments conducted on thin rectangular aluminum specimens show that the specific combination of signal feature and machine learning algorithm can reduce the false negatives to less than 12%, while the false positives lie well within 30%. The proposed methodology is also tested for scalability by applying the learning algorithm to different geometry and different damage type.


THE DEATH of Philip II of Macedon was a sad story. His life had been glorious enough. Superior to happy Austria in her heyday,' he combined ability at waging war with skill at marrying: the complicated history of his matrimonial affairs mirrors the progress of his political expansion. Olympias, his Molossian wife, descended from Greek heroes and Illyrian chieftains, saw no harm in that. Her son Alexander had always been recognised as crown prince, had been brought up as befitted his station, and from the age of sixteen had been given extensive political and military responsibilities.2 The only man who might have been considered a rival was Amyntas IV, for whom Philip had in fact acted as regent, and who had at that time been recognised as king.3 However, there was no reason to fear any danger from Amyntas, whom Philip had allowed to live as a private citizen. There was ample precedent for this in Macedon,4 and no reason to suspect that, if and when the time came, the displaced king would be a real danger to the heir apparent. At any rate, Philip-who was in a position to judge-clearly thought so; for while marking out his own son as successor designate, he not only let Amyntas live at his court, but actually married him to one of his own daughters.' Nor do we hear that Olympias and Alexander ever objected. Then, in 337 B.C., an unexpected storm broke. Philip acquired another bride, but this time a Macedonian lady, Cleopatra.6 At the wedding feast, Attalus, the bride's uncle, insulted Alexander, implying-what was probably true, and indeed obvious enough-that this marriage was intended to give the country a legitimate (i.e. fully Macedonian) successor. Alexander reacted violently;' and the outcome was disastrous for him and his mother: Olympias fled to her native Epirus and the prince was exiled, going to "the Illyrians."8


This section looks into the value of first story books for babies and toddlers. Their value for toddlers is elaborated in the section. Information on some of the recommended books is also given.


The bored, disenfranchised and sometimes troubled youth of Kuranda - west of Cairns in far north Queensland - are revamping the tiny rainforest town and creating a new sense of pride in the place they call home.


We congratulate Conkbayır and colleagues for their study which concluded that rhythm control strategy is associated with decreased rates of recurrent stroke. There are several issues to address in this article. The average age of study population is 65 years. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is more problematic in elderly patients because it may be difficult to maintain sinus rhythm especially after cardioversion. This frail population has increased risk of bleeding with anticoagulation. Another point is administration of high oral doses of amiodarone for maintenance of sinus rhythm. Amiodarone has several side effects precluding its long-term use with high rates of discontinuation. This could explain high rates of AF in the rhythm control group. In addition, 24-hour or longer ambulatory electrocardiogram recordings might have detected asymptomatic recurrences. Time in therapeutic range (TTR) is an important measure which indicates quality of warfarin treatment. Low rate of TTR was associated with increased stroke risk. This parameter may play a role in clinical outcomes of this study. Rhythm control strategy did not result in decreased risk of stroke compared with rate control strategy, but further research may define the role of rhythm control strategy for secondary prevention of stroke in era of catheter ablation and novel anticoagulants.


Slovak government plans to realise a restructuring of the national rail cargo operator. The aim of the paper is to analyse the proposal "Consolidation of rail freight transport in Slovakia". The main reasons for that internal restructuring of Železnicna spolocnosť Cargo Slovakia a. s. (ZSSK CARGO) is its high debt that does not allow standard functioning also development of the railway operator. Creating subsidiaries with none core business is a standard model of former national rail freight operators in Europe. The main objective is to provide long-term stabilization of rail freight sector, as well as economic consolidation and to boost a further development of ZSSK CARGO.


The author investigates through computer simulation the behavior of weakly disordered three-dimensional Potts model with three spin states. It was found that this model is characterized by poorly defined phase transition of the 2-nd kind


In this paper,we provide an in-depth analytical frame work for understanding wage rise and the"Lewis Turning Point",from the perspective of migration costs.It is found that the wage rise in the sense of"Lewis Turing Point"should satisfy two conditions:(1) it is driven by the supply and demand forces in the labor market,and(2) it is the result of labor migration itself.Compensation wage rise to cover the increasing migration costs is different in nature from the wage rise that leads to the "Lewis Turing Point".Conclusions based on undifferentiated estimation will therefore be biased.


The invention discloses a baking type electronic cigarette with a flavor adjusting function. The baking type electronic cigarette comprises an outer casing (1), wherein the outer casing (1) is provided with a cigarette nozzle (2), a baking unit (3), an oil cup (4), a battery (5) and a control unit (6) are sequentially arranged in the outer casing (1), the baking unit (3) comprises an electric heating baking cup (31), the two ends of the electric heating baking cup (31) are respectively provided with an opening, the opening end of the oil cup (4) is provided with an atomizer (41), one end of the electric heating baking cup (31) is communicated with the cigarette nozzle (2), the other end of the electric heating baking cup (31) is communicated with the atomizer (41), the outer wall of the electric heating baking cup (31) is provided with an electric heating sheet, and the electric heating sheet of the electric heating baking cup (31), an electric heating wire of the atomizer (41) and the battery (5) are respectively connected with the control unit (6). The baking type electronic cigarette has the advantages that the uniformity and shortage of smoke can be balanced when the ratio of smoke amount is not uniform or not enough during baking, the different cigarette flavors can be adjusted according to the mouth feel of a smoker, the selectable space is provided for the smoker, and the optimum mouth feel is realized.


In a radio communication device using a communication protocol for transmitting/receiving data with a check bit, the throughput of the entire system is improved. The radio communication device comprises: a received data judging section for performing a data check by using the data check bit to judge whether or not the data is erroneous; a received result transmitting section for, if the result of the judgment is erroneous, discarding the data and transmitting a request for the retransmission of the data to another radio communication device of the transmission source and, if not, transmitting that the data is normal to the another radio communication device of the transmission source; a format judging section for judging whether the data format is illegal or normal and, if it is judged that the data format is normal, passing the data to a predetermined processing; and a retransmission requesting section for, if it is judged that the format is illegal, discarding the data and making a request for the retransmission of the data to the received result transmitting section.


Interactive narrative allows the user to play a role in a story and interact with other characters controlled by the system. Directorial control is a procedure for dynamically tuning the interaction towards the author's desired effects. Most existing approaches for directorial control are built within plot-centric frameworks for interactive narrative and do not have a systematic way to ensure that the characters are always well-motivated during the interaction. Thespian is a character-centric framework for interactive narrative. In our previous work on Thespian, we presented an approach for applying directorial control while not affecting the consistency of characters' motivations. This work evaluates the effectiveness of our directorial control approach. Given the priority of generating only well-motivated characters' behaviors, we empirically evaluate how often the author's desired effects are achieved. We also discuss how the directorial control procedure can save the author effort in configuring the characters.


Despite the restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and unfavorable foreign policy factors, tourism remains attractive to the population of many countries. The desire of a person to "move" in order to see something new, to feel what representatives of other cultures feel, is natural, in line with the logic of the historical development of peoples, and should be welcomed and encouraged at all levels of the state system. The transformation of travel into a mass phenomenon (including travel for tourism purposes) is largely due to almost revolutionary changes in the transport system. In modern conditions, the traveler is more focused on the independent choice of the tour, the alternative ways and means of transportation in an unfamiliar country. This imposes an additional burden on public transport, which must be taken into account when analyzing the potential of the transport infrastructure of the host country. In the main areas of analytical work, special attention should be paid to identifying social preferences of foreign travelers in the field of transport, determining priorities when choosing a travel method. In this regard, the following are relevant: a) the motives for choosing a mode of transportation / mode of transport by a tourist; b) the relationship of ethnic preferences and expectations when choosing a transport service; c) assessment of the emotional characteristics of the choice. Consideration of these issues and some conclusions obtained as a result of experimental work are presented in this paper.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of endotoxaemia on rat mesenteric vascular bed and plasma nitrite concentrations, the possible beneficial effect of aminoguanidine (the selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) compared with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor).

DESIGN
Randomised experiment.

SETTING
University surgical research laboratory, Turkey.

SUBJECTS
75 Wistar rats.

INTERVENTIONS
Rats were divided into control (n = 30) and endotoxaemia (n = 42) groups. Endotoxaemia was produced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide 20 mg/kg. Subgroups were given either aminoguanidine or L-NAME.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
After 4 hours, isolated perfused mesenteric preparations were obtained and pressor responses to phenylephrine and vasodilatation responses to acetylcholine were evaluated, and plasma nitrite concentrations measured.

RESULTS
Pressor response to phenylephrine did not alter but vasodilatation in response to acetylcholine was significantly reduced during endotoxaemia. Pretreatment with aminoguanidine prevented the impairment of the response to acetylcholine. However, L-NAME was ineffective. In the control group, aminoguanidine and L-NAME did not alter the vascular reactivity. The baseline plasma nitrite concentrations in the control group were increased 5-fold during endotoxaemia. This increase was significantly reduced with aminoguanidine but not with L-NAME.

CONCLUSION
The protection achieved by aminoguanidine but not L-NAME suggested that nitric oxide produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase had a role in the impairment of endothelial response during endotoxaemia, and confirmed the importance of selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition to achieve beneficial effects in endotoxaemia.


The last 18 months has seen the presentation and publication of several major studies addressing the impact of treating hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and the combined effect on cardiovascular risk. Whilst there is nothing new in advocating this approach, there have been significant developments with regard to setting targets and how to achieve them. Furthermore, it is important not to look at individual risk factors in isolation but to look at the overall cardiovascular risk with a view to modifying each component as part of a comprehensive strategy. In this editorial I will focus on the lipid trials and, though they do overlap, I will discuss the hypertension studies in the next issue. The lipid lowering trials have focused on comparing a more aggressive strategy using atorvastatin 80 mg daily aiming for an LDL cholesterol of 1.8 mmol/L (i.e. less than 2.0 mmol/ L) with a standard approach setting a target of 2.6 mmol/L equating usually to a 25 to 35% LDL reduction. They can be divided into anatomical (1), acute (2,3), chronic (4) and acute progressing to chronic studies (4). The Reversal of Atherosclerosis with Aggressive Lipid Lowering (REVERSAL) trial was a double blind study comparing daily pravastatin 40 mg with atorvastatin 80 mg over an 18 month period with the primary endpoint percentage change in atheroma volume assessed using intravascular ultrasound (1). The baseline mean LDL cholesterol of 3.89 mmol/L was reduced to 2.85 mmol/L by pravastatin and 2.05 mmol/L by atorvastatin. C-reactive protein (CRP) decreased 5.25% with pravastatin and 36.4% with atorvastatin. The primary endpoint of a change (increase) in atheroma volume (i.e. progression rate) occurred in the pravastatin group (2.7%) compared with baseline (p 1⁄4 0.001) but not in the atorvastatin group. Therefore, the more intensive regime reduced and prevented atheroma progression compared with the standard regime, which did not. In addition, in a post-hoc analysis, after the reduction in LDL levels was adjusted for, the decrease in CRP was independently significantly related to the rate of progression (5). This does not identify CRP as a clinical target but confirms the need to take into account any specific therapy's effect on CRP as well as the lipid profile when assessing clinical endpoints. REVERSAL was not a clinical endpoint trial, but it established the basis for subsequent clinical studies addressing morbidity and mortality comparing an aggressive LDL lowering strategy to a target of 2.0 mmol/L or less with a standard approach to 2.6 mmol/L. In the acute setting where plaque inflammation might be the main target rather than LDL lowering, though obviously both would be considered important, the PROVE-IT (Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy) study compared once more pravastatin 40 mg with atorvastatin 80 mg daily (2). This study was extended to 18–36 (mean 24) months allowing a late (after 6 months) assessment when LDL lowering might be more important – in other words two time windows (to 30 days acute; from 6 months chronic) of therapy. Over 4000 well matched patients were randomised within 10 days of being stabilised after presenting with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study was designed to establish the non-inferiority of pravastatin. Pravastatin reduced the mean LDL cholesterol to 2.46 mmol/L and atorvastatin to 1.6 mmol/L (p < 0.0001). There was a 16% (p 1⁄4 0.005) risk reduction in the primary composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina needing hospitalisation, stroke and revascularisation after 30 days in favour of atorvastatin. The study therefore identified the superiority of atorvastatin as the vehicle for intensive lipid lowering soon after presentation with an ACS. Importantly the benefit occurred in addition to the use of good evidencebased medicine – aspirin 93%, clopidogrel 72%, beta blockers 85%, ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II blockers 83%. Both regimens were well tolerated with no cases of rhabdomyolysis. A subsequent analysis has suggested that, in addition to LDL cholesterol lowering, a reduction in CRP conferred additional independent benefit and suggested meeting the LDL target of less than 1.8–2.0 mmol/L and CRP of less than 2 mg/L was more important in determining outcomes than the specific therapy (6). PROVE-IT in addition has a late phase. Whilst intensive early therapy within 30 days is consistent with statin pleiotropic effects, stable patients beyond 6 months may be principally affected by LDL lowering. The composite endpoint for atorvastatin from 6 months to the end of the study was 9.6% vs. 13.1% for pravastatin (28% risk reduction; p 1⁄4 0.003). Therefore ACS patients should begin statin therapy in hospital and be continued on long-term therapy with a target LDL cholesterol below 2.0 mmol/L and ideally 1.8 mmol/L (7). Specifically studying stable patients the Treating to New Targets (TNT) study randomised 10,001 patients with coronary heart disease and LDL cholesterol levels above 3.4 mmol/L to atorvastatin 10 or 80 mg daily (4). Patients were followed for a median of 4.9 years and the primary endpoint was first major cardiovascular event defined as coronary death, non fatal myocardial infarction, resuscitation from cardiac


Electrical properties of bis-ethylenediamine Co(II), Co(III) and Co(II–III) mixed valence complexes and polyethylenediaminecarbosilazane (PEDCSZ) [Co(II), Co(III) and Co(II–III)] macromolecules were measured at room temperature in a frequency range between 1 Hz and 106 Hz. Electrical modulus, permittivity and ac conductivity were calculated using ac impedance and phase-angle measurements. It was found that the overall conductivity of PEDCSZ macromolecules with Co is much higher than that for Co monomers. In addition, the conductivity of PEDCSZ Co(III) and Co(II–III) mixed valence compounds are higher than those containing Co(II) where the electronic conduction is dominant. The relaxation time increases from about 2.7 × 10−6 s for Co(II) chloride to a value of 2.9 × 10−4 s for Co(II–III) chloride monomers. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry


Because the single-layer CrI3> is a half semiconductor with indirect band gap and magnetic anisotropy, it has been received significant attention in the spintronic, magneto-electronic and magnetic storage applications. However, the knowledge of strain dependence of carrier mobility and optical property is still rather limited. The uniaxial and biaxial strains dependence of electronic, transport, optical and magnetic properties of single-layer CrI3> have been systematically investigated using first-principles calculations and the results have been compared with experiments. The electronic structures under different strains have been firstly calculated using the accurate HSE06 functional, then the carrier mobility has been estimated by the deformation potential theory and the dielectric function has been obtained to estimate the optical absorption especially in the visible light range. Finally, the magnetic anisotropy energy used to estimate the magneto-electronic properties has been studied by the PBE functional including the spin-orbit coupling. It is found that the ferromagnetic CrI3> is an indirect and half semiconductor with band gap 2.024eV, 1.592eV, 0.238eV and can be driven into AF-Néel antiferromagnetic phase by applying -6%~-8% (compressive) biaxial stain exhibiting an excellent agreement with the literature. It is found that of single-layer CrI3> has very low carrier mobility with a value within 10cm2⸳V-1⸳s-1due to the large effective mass and small in-plane stiffness can be remarkably increased by increasing biaxial compression strain attributed to the reduced effective mass. A high electron mobility 174cm2⸳V-1⸳s-1has been obtained in the zigzag direction by applying a -8% biaxial strain reaching the level of monolayer MoS2. The calculated imaginary component of dielectric function along x(y) direction having two peaks (I, II) in the visible light range is obviously different from that in the z direction indicating single-layer CrI3> has optical anisotropy giving a good agreement with the literature. It is found that the imaginary part of dielectric function show an obvious redshift and peak (I, II) values strongly increase with increasing compressive strain (biaxial) giving a good agreement with the calculated electronic structures indicating that monolayer CrI3> possesses high optical adsorption of visible light under compressive biaxial strain. Furthermore, it is found that the magnetic anisotropy energy of monolayer CrI3> mainly stemming from the orbital magnetic moment of Cr ions has been remarkably increased from 0.7365 to 1.08 meV/Cr with increasing compressive strain. These results indicate that single-layer CrI3> has excellent optoelectronic property by applying biaxial compressive strain and is promising for use in microelectronic, optoelectronic and magnetic storage applications.


The article deals with the key issues of creating innovation infrastructure in Russia and abroad. The authors focus on the "innovation brokers" as an intermediary institute for innovative agents. According to them, innovation brokers are able to fill in the gaps of the innovation infrastructure system, created by the governmental administrative measures. International practices of the countries, that are world economic and innovation development leaders (the USA, the Netherlands etc.), indicate the fact that innovation brokers can be rather effective in solving many problems of providing the infrastructural support to innovation companies. The paper provides guidance on the possible ways of involving innovation brokers in the Russian national innovation system as one of the main tools of providing the effective infrastructural support to innovation processes by greater "soft infrastructure" involvement (ICT-facilities, social, professional and organizational networks).


Providing an apparatus and method for displaying an image. Analysis of human color recognition and a process of human color response process to find the reference luminance value of the image, making it possible to accurately perceive the dark areas of the image. Adjusting the brightness of the image, so that a specific region excessively bright or dark. Thus, the user can recognize the image. The apparatus and method may be applied to a liquid crystal display (LCD), image display device, such as a portable wireless terminal having a small-sized LCD.


The concept is alien in the scope of principal Nigerian criminal legislation. The practice is really gaining ground in the Global criminal justice process; especially its adoption in common law countries such as France, in the prosecution of financial crimes undertaken by the Economic and Financial Crime Commission (EFCC) in Nigeria and other prevalent adoption globally. This notwithstanding, the question however, is where does plea bargain fit into, under the Nigerian Criminal Law? Any hope for the respect for the rights of the Accused Persons?


Automatic diameter control(ADC) is a key technique for the CZ crystal growth equipment.In this paper,a kind of up-weighing ADC method for the laser crystal growth furnace is presented and its principle is analyzed in theory.And this system developed independently on the traditional TDL-J50A and TDL-J60 laser crystal growth furnace is mainly introduced as well as its mechanical structure and control system.Using this ADC system,51~76mm YAG crystal and 51~76mm LiNbO3 crystal have been successfully grown,and have acquired a good effect.


Abstract The problem of maximal stop-loss premium under prescribed constraints on claim size distribution is taken up again. The methods of linear programming are used to show that the recent results of others are intuitively obvious. These results are then extended by the linear programming technique to cases of more general constraints, e.g. prescribed claim size variance, or prescribed minimum frequency of excess claims. In particular it is shown that, typically, the upper bound on stop-loss premiums is generated by a claim size distribution which has all its mass concentrated at very few points. In contrast with the results obtained by others recently, it is seen that the claim size distribution which produces the maximal stop-loss premium is not generally independent of the excess. Some numerical examples are given showing that the methods used here can sometimes improve considerably the recent results of others. The case of a compound Poisson distribution is treated briefly.


Congenital dilatation of jugular veins is unusual in children. Since the condition was first described (Harris, 1928) in a 5-month-old infant, only occasional case reports have appeared in the world literature (Schatz & Fine, 1962; Gilbert et al, 1972; Gordon et al, 1976; Mallik, 1977; Passariello et al, 1979; Chetrafilor, 1980; Davis, 1982; Stevens et al, 1982; Katro, 1983; Leung et al, 1983; Nekunda & Kucera, 1983; Blanco Rodriguez et al, 1984; Jasinski & Rubin, 1984). We present two cases of jugular venous aneurysm, one of the internal and the other of the external jugular vein, both of which were excised. The purpose of this report is to discuss the differential diagnosis, the methods of imaging and the possible aetiology.


States mostly retain the legal personality of defective corporations through the corresponding remedies.The legal personality of defective corporations is recognized basically In the common law system;the principle is negative on the surface in the civil law system,but it contains in-depth as possible recognized spirit.Such differences in the institutional arrangements behind the different legal systems in the company law system of deep-seated differences in philosophy.There are significant gaps in the revocation of the company registration system of the "Company Law".The system should be based on the philosophy of exploring a new system design on the basis of arrangements remedial system of registration authorities and the Supreme Court.


The world's finest rubies all come from the metamorphic rocks of Mogok, in Myanmar. Traditional methods of mining, with little mechanization, are still used; they work best in digging the gemstones out of narrow calcite veins and thin beds of buried placer gravel.


Last ten years, functional artificial arms have been improved very much in the world, however, they have many difficulties for practical use. Electronic below-elbow prosthesis consists of control signal, transducer, amplifier, motor, battery, socket part, and terminal device. Attempts have been made to examine the muscle strain with a strain gauge in finger flexors and extensors of the forearm for electronic below-elbow prosthesis; two trial devices (Type III and IV). The control signal of Type III changes muscle strain into air-pressure, which is then changed into electric resistance by using a pressure gauge of carbonmembrane. The movement of the terminal device consists of flexion and extension of the metacarpophalangeal joints of the thumb, index and middle finger, using a micromotor powered by a rechargeable nickel-cadmium battery. The socket part made of plastic and double, be able to get supination and pronation of forearm. Type IV is an improved prosthesis compared to Type III, particularly in control signal for short stump and weakness of muscle strength of forearm. The control signal of Type IV changes the movement of chest into air-pressure or slide of two plate, which is then changed into electric resistance by a pressure gauge of carbonmembrane. The below-elbow amputees have used in the experiment with Type III and IV.


Abstract A new one-step synthesis of α-allyl or α-(2-haloallyl) aryl- or heteroarylketones from the corresponding ketones via the Claisen rearrangement is described.


curricula Abstract: The aim of the article is to present the current core curriculum for kindergartens and early childhood education in the context of cultural diversity. Knowing your own local environment and the cultural canon of the region is an important element of intercultural education. The basis for the analyses of the core curricula are the assumptions of both regional and intercultural education. Tasks and goals, defined in the core curriculum, are presented to be achieved by modern kindergartens and schools. The learning outcomes that determine the content planned in the learning and teaching process were also analyzed. The theoretical basis for the considerations is the concept of intercultural identity by Jerzy


Microseismic monitoring networks in two mines in Northern Germany (one iron-ore, one rock salt) are discussed. Each network is supplemented by a three-component digital seismometer. The systems, which use PCM data transmission and automatic event detection, as well as the data processing and locating are described. Whereas up to now no natural events could be detected in the ore-mine, there is considerable activity in the salt mine, this is attributed to the large unfilled openings in the latter.


. In this paper we show that Markov uniqueness for symmetric pre-Dirichlet operators L follows from the uniqueness of the corresponding Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equation (FPKE). Since in recent years a considerable number of uniqueness results for FPKE's have been achieved, we obtain new Markov uniqueness results in concrete cases. A selection of such will be presented in this paper. They include cases with killing and with degenerate diffusion coefficients.


Thermoelectric properties are defined through the figure of merit, Z = σS/κ, where σ, S, and κ are electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity, respectively. For increase ZT value, high electrical conductivity, low thermal conductivity, and high Seebeck coefficient are required. However, it is difficult to control these factors individually because thermal conductivity is generally proportional to electrical conductivity. By controlling microstructure on a nano-scale, thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity can be controlled individually. So, in this chapter, it was focused on the synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 film for its application in thermoelectric generation. The mesoporous TiO2 film was synthesized with titanium tetraisopropoxide. The triblock copolymer, Pluronic P-123 (EO20PO70EO20) was used as surfactant in 1-propanol. Furthermore Nb, Ag and Pt were introduced to increase electrical conduction. As a result, an improvement in the electrical conductivity and a reduction in the thermal conductivity through the control of pores distributions were found to be effective to enhance the thermoelectric property.


An illustrative example is presented concerning Thomson's theorem on the minimum energy of the equilibrium charge distribution on conductors. The theorem is used to find the density of the induced surface charge in the classical case of a point charge in front of an infinite planar conductor. The energy functional of the system can be minimized directly by simple considerations.


The objective was to conduct a scoping review of the literature and develop consensus‐derived research priorities for future research inquiry in an effort to (1) identify and summarize existing research related to race, racism, and antiracism in emergency medicine (EM) and adjacent fields and (2) set the agenda for EM research in these topic areas.


Making the training of basketball referees for parts of graduates can increase their understanding on the regulation of basketball,attract more people to take part into this good item and push it develop forward a higher level.


SIR—Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of solid tumors was pioneered in the early 1990s for the treatment of malignant lesions of the lung and liver (1). Serious acute complications have been described as rare (2) and include pneumothorax, bleeding, and air embolism, and are mostly reported in adults (2,3). We wish to report a near-fatal episode of massive hemoptysis and air embolism in a child undergoing RFA of lung metastases. The patient was a 4-year-old male child who had been diagnosed with stage IV metastatic hepatoblastoma 3 years previously. Despite multiple prior surgeries (resection of the left lobe of the liver and three thoracotomies with wedge resections), extensive treatment with chemotherapy and an unrelated donor stem cell transplantation, progression of disease occurred, with new lung metastases noted in the left lung on computed tomography (CT) of the chest (Figure 1a). The patient had an episode of respiratory failure requiring 30 days of mechanical ventilation 3 months previously, and together with a history of extensive previous chest surgery, no further surgery was deemed appropriate to treat the newly discovered metastases in the lungs. The patient's family remained committed to pursuing curative treatment, so RFA of the lung tumors was offered. Immediately before the RFA procedure, his vital signs were: weight 12.8 kg, BP 91 ⁄ 66 mmHg, HR 80 bÆmin, RR 32, SpO2 99% on room air, and temperature 36.3 C. Physical examination was otherwise normal. His hemoglobin was 9.6 gÆdl, platelets 116 · 10 l, INR 1.0, and electrolytes, BUN, and creatinine were normal. Anesthetic induction consisted of propofol 30 mg, fentanyl 20 lg, and rocuronium 10 mg via a central line. He was intubated with a size 5 uncuffed oral endotracheal tube, and an air leak at 12 cm H2O was noted. Anesthesia was maintained with 2–3% sevoflurane in an oxygen ⁄ air mixture to provide a FiO2 of 30–50% within a circle breathing circuit. After approximately 90 min, RFA of the larger lung nodule had already been completed and the smaller


The anatomy of the pulmonary veins and arteries is significantly important in assessing how blood is circulated in the bodies. The anatomy of the two blood vessels is different in structure and position of the lobes in both the heart and lungs. Generally the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood while pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood. The purpose of the paper is to assess the anatomy of both the pulmonary veins and pulmonary arteries.


To elucidate the biological mechanisms of 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA)‐induced phenotypic changes in HTLV‐I virus‐infected human T‐cell line KH‐2Lo cells, inhibitors of TPA‐induced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), protein kinases and calmodulin were examined for their effects on TPA‐induced multinucleated cell formation and HTLV‐I p19 antigen expression. Among the inhibitors of TPA‐induced ODC activity, α‐difluoromethyl ornithine (DFMO), I,25(OH)2D3 and its analogues, and retinoic acid were tested. As inhibitors of protein kinases, I‐(5‐isoquinolinyl‐sulfonyl)‐2‐methylpiperazine (H‐7), N‐[2‐(methylamino)ethyl]‐5‐isoquinoline‐sulfonamide (H‐8) and I,(5‐isoquinolynylsulfonyl)‐2,3‐dimethylpiperazine (H‐5) were used. In addition, a calmodulin inhibitor, N‐(4‐aminobutyl)‐5‐chlor‐2‐naphthalenesulfonamide (W13) and its inactive analogue, N‐(4‐aminobutyl)‐2‐naphthalenesulfonamide (W 12) were also tested. I,25(OH)2D3 and its active analogues inhibited both TPA‐induced HTLV‐I p19 antigen expression and multinucleated cell formation after 4 days of culture with TPA. On the other hand, an inhibitor of ODC, DFMO, the protein kinase inhibitors, the calmodulin inhibitor and retinoic acid suppressed TPA‐induced HTLV‐I p19 expression but did not suppress multinucleated cell formation.


The acid-pepsin digestion of pollen-antigen does result in a definite loss in its activity. This loss is not due to digestion of the protein but to a decrease in the solubility of the pollen-antigen in the hydrochloric acid and to its oxidation. Such oxidation can be prevented by excluding oxygen during the process of digestion, or by the addition of dextrose. The iso-electric point of low-ragweed pollen-antigen, or of the protein which has absorbed large quantities of the active pollen-antigen, is pH 3.5. The preponderance of evidence as shown by this work and by the work of others indicates definitely that the enzymes of the gastro-intestinal tract destroy little, if any, of the pollenantigen. One can therefore reasonably conclude that, as far as its resistance to digestion is concerned, pollen-antigen is well adapted for oral therapy. This is particularly true if dextrose is given with the pollen.


Glass sheets with high section quality have become an increasingly important engineering material in architecture, medical, automotive, flat panel display and electronics industries. To get high quality cutting section of glass sheets, YAG laser was used to carry out the cutting experiments of soda-lime glass with fracture control method. The impacts of laser power, scanning speed and laser beam size on the cutting quality were studied, and the optimized processing parameters were presented. The profile observations with optical microscope show that YAG laser cutting can obtain better section quality compared with mechanical cutting. The laser cutting experiments of multi-layer glasses, glass tube and curve path on glass plates were also illustrated in this paper. These experimental result will be helpful for the further research of laser cutting.


Several exploration programs were conducted at the Beowawe Geothermal Prospect, Lander and Eureka County, Nevada. Part I, consisting of a shallow temperature hole program, a mercury soil sampling survey, and a self-potential survey were conducted in order to select the optimum site for an exploratory well. Part II consisted of drilling a 5927-foot exploratory well, running geophysical logs, conducting a drill stem test (2937-3208 feet), and a short-term (3-day) flow test (1655-2188 feet). All basic data collected is summarized.


Most people think that wars end when hostilities cease and armistices and treaties are signed, but this is not the case. Wars the United States has fought may have ended formally, but in reality us military, political, and economic involvement in the 'defeated' country continued long afterwards, producing profound and unexpected consequences for both parties. Despite this repeated historical phenomenon, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld claimed at the beginning of the current Iraq War, 'The United States does not do nation building'. The authors of this book claim that, on the contrary, after most of the wars it has fought, occupation and nation building are precisely what the United States has done. In "Unintended Consequences: The United States at War", Ian J. Bickerton and Kenneth J. Hagan describe and analyse the unintended consequences of ten major wars fought by the United States, pointing out critical turning points in the conflicts and the remarkable similarity of dilemmas following the conclusion of hostilities. The effect is to demonstrate that the unintended consequences of the wars not only outweighed the intended consequences in shaping subsequent events, they produced sharp and significant shifts in United States foreign, military and domestic policy. Most wars embarked upon by the United States when measured against this criterion were not only catastrophic and destructive they were avoidable, unnecessary and unpredictable in outcome. Once they understand this reality, Americans concerned with contemporary foreign and military policy can approach Iraq, and any prospective conflict, with greater sophistication. More importantly, policymakers thinking of undertaking wars in the future may be made more cautious and circumspect in their planning than were those who launched the war in Iraq. It will also prove to be an invaluable corrective to the traditional views of American wars to which we are routinely exposed.


Mobile VoIP(mVoIP) Service on Smart work device provides both wide-area (cellular) access and local-area technology for Voice over IP services with a smart phone. Therefore, we should analyze the service security threat to solve security vulnerability of the SIP base mVoIP service in a wireless smart work environment. However, new problems and service vulnerabilities have been found on mVoIP services. In this paper, we examined the weaknesses about additional service provided in the commercial mVoIP network. In addition, we presented a possible authentication mechanism using voice data on mobile VoIP service.


Employee performance affects the success of a company, including financial institutions, both bank and non-bank financial institutions such as the Village Credit Institution (LPD). The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of Tri Hita Karana Culture, Accountability, Leadership Style and Internal Control on the Performance of Village Credit Institutions (LPD). This research was conducted at the Village Credit Institution (LPD) Nusa Penida District. This research was conducted in 45 Village Credit Institutions (LPD) located in Nusa Penida District with a population of 180 people. The sampling method used is a non-probability sampling method with a purposive sampling technique based on certain considerations. The total sample taken is 150 people who are directly related to the performance of the Village Credit Institution (LPD), namely the LPD chairman, secretary, treasurer and employees who work more than 1 year. The data analysis technique used is Multiple Linear Regression. The results of this study indicate that the Tri Hita Karana Culture, Accountability, Leadership Style and Internal Control have a positive


Comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders in people with epilepsy (PWE) are highly prevalent and associated with various adverse outcomes. However, the prevalence of anxiety disorders in PWE across studies is highly variable. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence and moderating factors of anxiety and depressive disorders in PWE.


By finding two characters of subgroups of the Heisenberg group whose induced characters are same, we prove that the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjectures for two elliptic curves corresponding to the characters are equivalent.


Nowadays when everyone is busy using mobile devices. There are various risk involved in using mobile devices. Every communication these days are based on mobile devices. Reliability is the greatest factor. Based on reliability we have proposed reliability-based algorithm. The reliability algorithm is used to achieve the trust over the risk involved in various mobile devices. It ensures to achieve integrity, confidentiality, availability, non-repudiation and access services in cognitive networks.


Since the first ANSI Z136.1 standard (1973), there have been virtually no changes made to the minimal-spot size (small-source) Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) limits for the human eye that normally apply to intrabeam viewing of a laser for pulse durations ranging from 1 ns to 10 s and for wavelengths from 400 nm to 1200 nm. This is also true for these MPEs for wavelengths greater than 3000 nm. Considering that well over 90 percent of potentially hazardous laser exposures probably result from this range of conditions, this is a remarkable 30-year record. However, the MPEs for extended sources (currently referred to as "large sources") have been revised on several occasions. This is surprising in several respects, since biological studies of larger retinal image sizes should be less challenging. Prior to 1993, alpha-ruin (αmin) varied from 8 to 11.3 mrad at 1 ns to 24 mrad at 10 s, with a minimal value of 1.6 mrad at 18 μs. In 1993, the extended-source MPEs were changed again and a scaling factor CE (C6 in IEC) was introduced for angular subtense values ranging up to 100 mrad (αmax) and with constant values for αmin = 1.5-mrad for t < 0.7 s. However, by 2001, the treatment of extended-source MPEs were changed still again to provide a constant value of αmin = 1.5 mrad for all exposure durations. Now, it appears that biological research supports another change to the MPEs for extended sources. There appears now to be no retinal spot-size dependence of injury thresholds for pulse durations between 1 ns and 18 μs (the thermal confinement time). If home out by further study, there would be no need to change αmin and extended-source MPEs could be expressed (as in 1973) as a constant pulsed integrated radiance for these short pulse durations. However, the value of αmax must increase from 1.5 mrad for durations greater than 18 μs to at least 24 mrad, but not as large as 100 mrad at 10 s. The exact function for αmax depends on radial heat flow in the retina. It is interesting that in some limited respects, the 1973 MPEs for extended sources had greater accuracy that those presently published!Since the first ANSI Z136.1 standard (1973), there have been virtually no changes made to the minimal-spot size (small-source) Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) limits for the human eye that normally apply to intrabeam viewing of a laser for pulse durations ranging from 1 ns to 10 s and for wavelengths from 400 nm to 1200 nm. This is also true for these MPEs for wavelengths greater than 3000 nm. Considering that well over 90 percent of potentially hazardous laser exposures probably result from this range of conditions, this is a remarkable 30-year record. However, the MPEs for extended sources (currently referred to as "large sources") have been revised on several occasions. This is surprising in several respects, since biological studies of larger retinal image sizes should be less challenging. Prior to 1993, alpha-ruin (αmin) varied from 8 to 11.3 mrad at 1 ns to 24 mrad at 10 s, with a minimal value of 1.6 mrad at 18 μs. In 1993, the extended-source MPEs were changed again and a scaling factor CE (C6 ...


Aim: To compare the associations of several anthropometric indices (i.e. waist circumference [WC], waist‐to‐height ratio, body mass index (BMI) and waist‐to‐hip ratio) with the insulin resistance (IR) proxy measures in Greek schoolchildren.


Combined withering and shaking processes are key steps in the formation of characteristic floral and fruity aromas in black teas. However, the effect of the sequencing of withering and shaking on volatile compounds and aroma formation in black tea has not been evaluated to date. This study used headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to detect volatile compounds in black teas after withering-shaking and shaking-withering processing. Five main differentially volatile components were screened out by partial least squares discriminant analysis and odor activity value analysis, which were 3-carene, geraniol, β-myrcene, τ-cadinol, and β-ionone. Additionally, sensory evaluation showed black tea produced by withering-shaking was fruitier, while shaking-withering produced a more floral tea. This study provides a theoretical basis for the discrimination of aroma characteristics of black tea processed by shaking, as well as a technical guide for the precise production of black teas with different floral-fruity aroma biases.


The utility model provides a subassembly is fixed to fast -assembling for fixed pendant, include with pendant fixed connection's connecting seat, including the stationary blade, on this stationary blade is fixed in the wall body, and be equipped with the draw -in groove, this connecting seat is equipped with the mounting groove of adaptation stationary blade shape, is equipped with the flexure strip in this mounting groove, and this flexure strip is equipped with the barb, through overlapping this mounting groove on the stationary blade and make the barb card of flexure strip to realize the fixed of connecting seat in going into the draw -in groove, and so that turning up, the flexure strip realizes the dismantlement of connecting seat to the barb application of force, the utility model discloses simple structure, easy dismounting.


Smoking Cessation is a vital wellness application as smoking has health issues pertaining to cancer, cardio-pulmonary diseases, hypertension, and diabetes. This paper presents a method for online and on-device puff detection on a microcontroller-based wearable device. We design a specialized Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based model for puff detection from Respirational Inductance Photoplethysmogram (RIP) with a 6-axis IMU signal achieving 81% F1-score and provide an algorithm to quantify episodes based on the certainty of detected puffs. We use model reduction techniques, e.g., pruning, quantization, and intelligent data manipulation, to reduce our model and fit it to one target hardware. However, we find that creating models with different accuracy-size trade-offs for varying target platforms is often a brute force and tedious process. To address this, we present an automated model generation approach that takes the above-mentioned dataset and platform constraints as input and generates tailor-made, extremely small models for target micro-controller platforms. In summary, we provide a framework for rapidly developing sub-250 kB, accurate smoking puff detection models for wearable platforms with varying configurations.


We show that a mass-varying neutrino model driven by scalar field dark energy relaxes the existing upper bound on the current neutrino mass to ${\sum m_\nu<0.72}$ eV. We extend the standard $\Lambda$CDM model by introducing two parameters: the rate of change of the scalar field with the number of $e$-folds and the coupling between neutrinos and the field. We investigate how they affect the matter power spectrum, the CMB anisotropies and its lensing potential. The model is tested against Planck observations of temperature, polarization, and lensing, combined with BAO measurements that constrain the background evolution. The results indicate that small couplings favor a cosmological constant, while larger couplings favor a dynamical dark energy, weakening the upper bound on current neutrino masses.


Purpose – Older people are vulnerable to fuel poverty on the island of Ireland. This paper seeks to explore the lived experiences of older people in cold weather with a view to informing fuel poverty policy and service responses.Design/methodology/approach – A postal and online survey utilising an opportunistic sample of older people living in Ireland and linked with a range of services/community and voluntary groups was undertaken in January‐April 2011. Data on the experiences of 722 older people in the cold weather of winter 2010/2011 were analysed in the context of socio‐economic, health, and housing circumstances.Findings – During the period of extreme cold weather half of the sample reported that they went without other household necessities due to the cost of home‐heating. In general, 62 per cent of those surveyed worried about the cost of home‐heating. Homes considered "too cold" were more likely to lack central heating and experience damp/draughts. Staying indoors, keeping the heating on, and eati...


Leskinen, Tuija Long-term leisure-time physical activity vs. inactivity, physical fitness, body composition and metabolic health characteristics: a co-twin control study Jyvaskyla: University of Jyvaskyla, 2013, 99 p. (Studies in Sport, Physical education and health ISSN 0356-1070; 194) ISBN 978-951-39-5208-2 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-5209-9 (PDF) Finnish summary Diss. If an individual is physically active or inactive, then this may have a major impact on health and disease development. In this thesis, the associations between longterm leisure-time physical activity vs. inactivity and health outcomes were studied among 16 middle-aged and older twin pairs (7 were monozygotic pairs who share all of their genes at the sequence level) with a persistent discordance in their leisure-time physical activity habits. At the end of the follow-up, clinical exercise test with cycle ergometer, maximal isometric knee extensor force, and body composition were assessed. Visceral fat area, liver fat score and thigh composition were measured using MRI. The results revealed that the physically active twins had 23% higher VO2peak values than their inactive co-twins but also 20% higher knee extensor forces although no further significant intrapair differences in skeletal muscle properties were found. The follow-up weight gain was attenuated among the physically active twins but there was no significant intrapair difference in body weight at the end of the follow-up (p=0.12). However, the inactive twins had significantly more body fat, 1.5 times more visceral and midthigh intramuscular (extramyocellular) fat and a higher liver fat score compared to their active co-twins. The intrapair difference in the level of ectopic fat was also significant among monozygotic cotwins. To further understand the underlying mechanisms, biopsies were taken from m. vastus lateralis and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue from 10 volunteer pairs for the gene expression analysis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed up-regulated metabolic pathways (such as oxidative phosphorylation and valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation) among the active compared to the inactive twins. The expression centroids of these gene sets were associated with cardio-metabolic risk factors, including fitness. In conclusion, long-term leisure-time physical activity is associated with a better physical fitness and in particular with a lowered rate of ectopic fat accumulation. Therefore regular long-term leisure-time physical activity may confer a major benefit in combatting the appearance of cardio-metabolic disease.


The values of the erythrocytes osmotic fragility (EOF) test are easily influenced by physiological and environmental conditions surounding during blood collection, and red blood cells (RBCs) preparation and incubation. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the influence of anticoagulant (EDTA and heparin), temperature, pH, storage time, age, sex, season, hydrogen peroxide and vitamins C and E, on EOF in dromedary camel. The results showed an increased EOF by EDTA, storage time, cold, heat, acidity and hydrogen peroxide. In addition, this EOF was influenced by age, sex, season and vitamins. As conclusion, the quality of the OF test may easily be influenced by several biological, environmental and technical factors which must be determined and mentioned in each analysis of EOF profile in camel. These factors induced damage to RBCs cell membrane and may disturb the results of other blood analyses such as measurements of various hematological and biochemical parameters in camel.


The authors use a new receiver model to demonstrate that, in optical communication systems, the bit-error rate depends not only on the optical signal-to-noise ratio but also on the polarization states of the signal and the noise.


To increase the working space of atomic force microscopy, this article presents a precision positioning stage. The structure of this stage is optimized to decrease the largest deformation. The coreless linear motor and two-coordinate incremental encoder are selected to build full-closed loop control. The two-coordinate encoder can measure two-direction position signals which can be sent to the controller. Through the interpolation and digitizing electronics, resolution of control can satisfy precision positioning. The full-closed loop control can also decrease straightness error and improve trajectory tracking accuracy.


Although the fine remains as a much-used sentence, provisions for fine in criminal law are old and so-called use of custody for fine defaulter, who...


Based on extensive literature search,this paper gives a summarizing of mica on species,composition,pharmacology and clinical applications,to provide the basis information for further development and utilization.


This paper discusses about the application of PBL in first-aid medicine to enhance the quality of teaching and bring up students' capability,provides an effective first-aid medicine teaching schema based on PBL,analyzes the application methodology and implement requirements and key point,then provides a PBL teaching case how to teach the chapter that first-aid medical care is offered before hospital.At last,this paper sums up the benefit PBL has provided.