The present invention relates to a composition for delaying, preventing and treating macular degeneration disease comprising ginseng / red ginseng extract and ginsenoside as an active ingredient, and more particularly, ginseng / red ginseng extract and ginseno to normalize the function of Bruk's membrane in the eye. It relates to a composition for delaying, preventing and treating macular degeneration disease comprising a side as an active ingredient. The present invention relates to a composition for preventing and treating ocular deterioration and treatment comprising ginseng / red ginseng extract and ginsenoside as an active ingredient, and more particularly to ginseng / red ginseng extract and ginsenoside for normalizing the function of the brux membrane of the eye. It relates to a composition for the prevention and treatment of eye function degradation as an active ingredient. Degenerative changes in the transport function of the Bruch's membrane due to aging can lead to vision impairment in the elderly and, in severe cases, to macular degeneration (Age related macular degeneration) which eventually leads to blindness. The composition according to the present invention removes substances deposited on the Brueck's membrane and improves transport to enable the Brook's membrane to be regenerated through cellular reaction in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). This treatment enables the prevention, prevention and treatment of functional failures of the eye due to degenerative with age. Decreased transport of vitamin A, essential metals and antioxidants through the Bruch's membrane causes geriatric vision disorders, which can be prevented by only taking the composition according to the present invention. The composition according to the present invention improves the transport of the Bruch's membrane in which aging progresses, and can prevent a decrease in vision of the elderly and macular degeneration patients. The composition according to the present invention is applicable to the general public to maintain vision health, and also has an effect of delaying or treating the progression of the disease in people at risk of developing macular degeneration and patients with macular degeneration. The composition according to the present invention removes the waste accumulated in the Brueck membrane, separates the enzymes necessary for the recovery of the membrane but is not used because it is bound to the membrane, and improves the regeneration ability of the Brucke membrane by activating the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Improve.


We propose to use turbo codes for wireless communication systems with multiple transmit and receive antennas over Rayleigh fading channels. We show that a simple, arbitrarily picked, turbo coded modulation scheme with a sub-optimal decoding algorithm outperforms the space-time codes significantly. We present examples for both block and fast fading channels, and observe gains as high as 8 dB at a bit error rate of 10/sup -5/ for large interleaver lengths, suitable for data communications. Furthermore, we show that, depending on the channel model, the turbo code block size can be chosen small enough to be suitable for speech applications, and still offer a significant performance improvement in terms of bit and frame error rates.


Buying Gao was a famous scholar of ancient literature and literary selection in the republic of China, and a master of note-writing and textual research.After Mr. Buying Gao passed away, many relatives, friends and disciples published articles to commemorate him.We summarize the current research results, showing the research direction and characteristics, and lay a foundation for further research.


Varenicline is a drug that has been developed to help people stop smoking . Results regarding its efficacy are promising. The safety of the drug, however, is controversial when used for patients with mental illnesses because it can have neuropsychiatric side-effects. Although Dutch guidelines and the 'Farmacotherapeutisch Kompas' include warnings about the use of varenicline by people with severe mental illness, the drug is still being prescribed for this group of patients. This is not without risk. We illustrate this point by focusing on two patients with bipolar disorder who developed manic symptoms while using varenicline. We discuss relevant literature and make recommendations.


sharply adjusted, leads to Stabilised Earth, a 'mitigated Anthropocene' (171–2). The latter will not accommodate a continued ethic of Cornucopian unthrift, but it will allow, with hard and smart work, for lives of 'decency and compassion' (177). This remarkable book manages at once to introduce, refine, historicise and broaden its subject. It is a work one can look forward to discussing with colleagues and students in the sciences and the humanities. (Students new to population projections should be alerted to a typographical error on page 108: '1 billion' should read '10 billion'.)


Three-year observation of acute tricuspid infective endocarditis in intravenous drug abused patient: diagnosis, clinical features, visceral lesions, the possibility of cardiac surgery and conservative treatment, outcome.


The country needs new, profitable «here and now» reserves that can slow the rate of oil production decline. In this regard, the subsoil manager urgently needs to take fundamental measures to raise investment in oil prospecting and to speed up the process. All hopes rest upon independent investors who have potential to accelerate and increase prospecting activity. In order to stimulate oil prospecting, the subsoil manager needs to take several steps towards independent investors.


Temperature is a critical environmental factor regulating plant growth and yield. Corn is a major agronomic crop produced globally over a vast geographic region, and highly variable climatic conditions occur spatially and temporally throughout these regions. Current literature lacks a comprehensive study comparing the effects of temperature on above versus below-ground growth and development and biomass partitioning of corn measured over time. An experiment was conducted to quantify the impact of temperature on corn's early vegetative growth and development. Cardinal temperatures (Tmin, Topt, and Tmax) were estimated for different aspects of above- and below-ground growth processes. Plants were subjected to five differing day/night temperature treatments of 20/12, 25/17, 30/22, 35/27, and 40/32 °C using sun-lit controlled environment growth chambers for four weeks post-emergence. Corn plant height, leaves, leaf area, root length, surface area, volume, numbers of tips and forks, and plant component part dry weights were measured weekly. Cardinal temperatures were estimated, and the relationships between parameters and temperature within these cardinal limits were estimated using a modified beta function model. Cardinal temperature limits for whole plant dry weight production were 13.5 °C (Tmin), 30.5 °C (Topt), and 38 °C (Tmax). Biomass resources were prioritized to the root system at low temperatures and leaves at high temperatures. Root growth displayed the lowest optimum temperature compared to root development, shoot growth, and shoot development. The estimated cardinal temperatures and functional algorithms produced in this study, which include both above and below-ground aspects of plant growth, could be helpful to update crop models and could be beneficial to estimate corn growth under varying temperature conditions. These results could also be applicable when considering management decisions for maximizing field production and implementing emerging precision agriculture technology.


In the context of the changes and transformations of the culture of the knowledge society, there is a constant demand of continuous training. Professionals need to be updated, reflective and have critical thinking skills in order to carry out necessary transformations at their workplace. The concept of "ongoing education" stands out as an educational framework that focuses on the analysis of everyday problems of the professional practice aiming at the articulation of theory and practice. Considering that human resources are expected to be able to innovate and solve problems, they should be equipped with learning to learn strategies. Knowledge brings about innovation, and it triggers social, technological, scientific, cultural and economic changes. Therefore, ongoing education is absolutely necessary, and it should aim at updating professionals in their fields of knowledge, and developing the necessary skills and abilities to perform effectively in their particular context, and in society at large. The introduction of new technologies has modified professional practice and consequently, continuous training and specialization is necessary. Technology – mediated learning environments enable workers to develop new skills and build communities of knowledge and practice beyond the limits of their organizations. This report has been written in the context of student postgraduate scholarship, with the economic support by Secyt UNPA in the framework of Research Project 29 / B177, "Learning and teaching with information and communication technologies as mediating instruments in the processes of knowledge construction" of the Institute of Education and Citizenship (IEC) of the University of Southern Patagonia (UNPA).


An adaptive internal model controller based on the genetic algorithms is discussed in this paper. This kind of controller in which two parameters of two filters are adjusted is more adaptive and robust. Both simulations and experiments on a electrical heater show that the controller proposed in this paper can be better applied to the time-vary and time-delay systems.


comments and the character of much of the material make this an interesting report on foreign activity, but of doubtful reliability notwithstanding the support which recent press reports from the Fascist states tend to give to the charges contained herein. A second volume is promised dealing with the attitudes of Britain, France, Russia, and other countries, and with the Nonintervention system. II Non Intervento in Spagna is of different temper. While covering part of the same field, no attempt is made to villify foreign Powers. Signor Vedovato's work is based upon legal source material, and upon the most authoritative continental and American newspapers and journals. Each topic is developed with extensive quotations from the pertinent accords, laws, decrees and official communiques. Unfortunately the author does not evaluate adequately the legislative and other measures adopted by the states participating in the Non-intervention system. For the most part, he deals only with the five major European Powers. In addition to considering the problems of the export of arms, the departure of volunteers, and the search for an international observation and control scheme, the author discusses the Recognition of the Nationalist Government, the Spanish War and the League of Nations, and the Question of Asylum. The subjects are dealt with on the basis of established fact, in chronological order, and each is evaluated for its legal significance. Considering its documentary contents, its scholarship, and its reflection of Italian viewpoint, this is one of the most important volumes on the legal aspects of the Spanish strife which have appeared. Two more volumes are promised covering the system of observation and control, and the problem of non-intervention from the juridical viewpoint. NORMAN J. PADELFORD


The SSD technique proposed here addresses the problem of resonance damping on a mechanical structure. SSD stands for Synchronized Switch Damping. Apart from active techniques, passive ones consist in connecting a piezoelectric insert attached to the structure to a passive electric network in which the energy generated by the piezoelectric inserts is degraded. In the semi passive approach, the piezoelectric inserts are continuously switched from open circuit to short circuit synchronously to the structure motion. Due to this switching mechanism, a phase shift appears between the piezoelectric strain and the resulting voltage, thus creating energy dissipation. For the new technique proposed here, instead of discharging the piezoelectric inserts during a brief short circuit, they are connected on a small inductor, allowing the inversion of the voltage and then released to open circuit. In this case the voltage amplitude is optimized and is 90 degrees out of phase with the motion then enhancing the damping mechanism. The technique is applicable at any frequency without the need for a large tuned inductor, especially for low frequency applications. There is no need for external power supply unless for the low power circuitry of the switch device. The implementation of the switch drive with a very cheap micro-controller is described. Experimental results measured on cantilever beams made with different materials are proposed. Damping ability ranges from 6 dB on a very viscoelastic epoxy beam to nearly 20 dB on a steel beam. Harmonic excitation and transient results are both proposed and compared. Finally, an electromechanical model is proposed, giving an interpretation of the damping mechanism. Theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the experiments.


The measurement of the size distribution of a particles mixture is utilised in industrial and biomedical fields. In the current method, the laser (or monochromatic) light scattered by the sample at various scattering angles is measured; then, a simplified analysis uses the diffraction theory in order to calculate the distribution of the particle size. In particular, a set of n equations is generated: n is the number of measurements that differ by the scattering angle (it acts as control parameter), and the unknown quantities are the ratios between the number of particles that fall in a specified size range and the total number of particles (obviously n must be not less than the number of the predefined size ranges). That requires the use of a dedicated setup and accurate angular measurements. Our method requires only two measurements on the sample, carried out by a spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere. The diffuse spectral transmittance (or reflectance) and the total spectral transmittance (or reflectance) are measured and their ratio is calculated, then it is generated an equations set similar to the previous, but integrated on the angular range of the diffuse spectral transmittance measurement: now we utilise as control parameter the wavelength (then, each equation has a different value of wavelength), while the unknown quantities are the same of the previous method. Due to the fact that both methods use the same equations set, they have the same applicability limits, but our method has the advantage that we can use a standard commercial spectrophotometer.


This paper review the viable technologies that now exists to develop an open, adaptable, high performance data management solution that can grow with demand both in terms of performance and scalability and rapid deployment.


In order to study the effects of CM-microbial organic fertilizer on tobacco disease resistance,yield and inner quality of tobacco leaf,we carried out field experiments in Sichuan Province.The results showed that:by the application of CM-microbial organic fertilizer,the growth and quality of tobacco were improved,yield per unit and mass area ratio were increased,the incidence of diseases was decreased,the contents of total sugar and reducing sugar were slightly reduced and the contents of total alkaloid,sugar-nicotine ratio,the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine were obviously lowered,closer to the coordination requirements for routine chemical compositions of flue-cured tobacco,and smoking quality was also improved.When CM-microbial organic fertilizer was applied in soil,the growth,disease resistance,yield per unit,mass area ratio and inner quality of flue-cured tobacco were improved,at the same time chemical fertilizers application was reduced.


Aims and Objectives: To determi prevalence of ABO and rhesus blood groups among people. Design and duration: This is a cross sectional study done in a duration of 6 months from January 2018 to June 2018. Setting: Study was conducted on students of Punjab university. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on students. Blood grouping was done in the university lab. Male and female both students were included with no age limitation. Consent was taken from all students and also from the ethical committee of the university. A performa was designed in which all relevant data was documented. P-value less than 0.05 was significant and above this non significant. Data was analyzed using Microsoft office version 2014. Statistical data was expressed in the form of tables and charts. Frequency and percentages were calculated. Results: Total 350 cases were included in this study consisted on 150 female students and 200 male students. O-positive was found most prevalent blood group. In male students 150(75%) were rhesus positive and 50(25%) were rhesus negative. In female cases 105(70%) were rhesus positive and 45(30%) were rhesus negative. There were 103(29%) cases with O-negative blood group, 63(18%) cases with A-, 60(17%) with B+, 35(10%) with AB+, 46(13%) O-, 22(6.3%) A-, 15(4.3) cases with B-, 6(1.7%) had ABblood group. So it was seen that AB blood group has least prevalence and O group has highest prevalence. Conclusion: O blood group has highest prevalence as compared to other blood groups so it is easily available. AB blood group is rare. Rhesus positive group has more frequency than rhesus negative group


Although designed to mitigate the normalising role that advertising can have on alcohol consumption, France's Loi Évin (1991) has unwittingly channelled advertisers into reinforcing the link between their products and escapist pursuits. Where contemporary concerns about alcohol consumption in France have themselves been influenced by global trends in public health and alcohol studies, they revolve around the adoption of perceived 'foreign' drinking cultures, notably an embrace of drinking as a marker of leisure time and binge-drinking. Advertising strategies have accordingly countered by accentuating both leisure, in the form of travel, and intoxication. A visual semiotic analysis of recent French advertising campaigns for spirits and beer reveals layered signification of escapist themes, all in defiance of the spirit but not the letter of the Loi Évin.


NPUBLISHED data obtained at the Kansas Agricultural U Experiment Station show that the nitrogen and carotene contents of bromegrass were increased markedly by fertilization with ammonium nitrate. Eggleton ( 3 ) reported that the addition of nitrogenous salts to the soil 'increased the amount of certain nitrogen fractions in grassland crops which were grown on the soil. It was of interest, therefore, to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilization on some of the types of nitrogen that accumulate in bromegrass. It seemed desirable also to study changes in riboflavin content in view of the results of Watson and Noggle (8), who found that the riboflavin content of oat plants was influenced by the nitrogen


OBJECTIVE:To investigate and analyze the utilization status of β-LTMs in Guangzhou area in order to give some information about drug usage. METHODS: To conduct a comprehensive study on the β-LTMs drug-purchase data of Guangzhou during 2001~2003 by using the methods of DDD analysis and ranking of amount of money. RESULTS: The use of β-LTMs increased by 5.97% and 28.33% in 2002 and 2003, respectively. PG-Na injectable preparation ranked first in DDDs in 2001; domestic oral Cephradine continuously ranked first in 2002 and 2003. In terms of the ranking of amount of money, the drugs ranking in the first 20 places were mainly injectable CEPs drugs of the third generation. The proportion of amount of money of antimicrobial drugs purchased has been stable since the last 3 years. CONCLUSION: In general, utilization of β-LTMs in the hospitals of Guangzhou is basically stable and reasonable, nevertheless, there is an excessive use of some specific products.


The differential capacity and the surface tension at the electrode-electrolyte interface of a dropping-mercury electrode were measured in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 0.5 M Na2SO4 solutions for various concentrations of benzoic acid. On the basis of the Frumkin-Damaskin theory, the adsorption of benzoic acid on mercury was studied in the acid solution, and the parameters involved in the F-D theory were determined: A=1.6 μJ cm−2 (Γm=6.5×10−10 mol cm−2), B0=597 l mol−1, a=−0.35–2.5 E/V, and C′=5.95 μF cm−2. The experimental values of the capacity and the surface tension are in good agreement with the theoretical values calculated by using the parameters obtained. The absence of an anodic maximum in the capacity-potential curve in the presence of benzoic acid was determined to be associated with a strong repulsive force between the adsorbed molecules. The value obtained for the maximum surface excess of benzoic acid is explained in terms of adsorption of the acid molecules for a vertical orientation on the electrode surf...


Neutrino ''zero modes'' in curved spacetime, the analog of static solutions of the neutrino equation in flat space, are defined as the kernel of an elliptic operator obtained from a ''3+1'' decomposition of the neutrino equation relative to a spacelike hypersurface. In this paper, vacuum, globally hyperbolic spacetimes that admit ''zero modes'' are characterized.


Carbon-11-labelled (S)-5-methoxymethyl-3-[6-(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl]oxazolidin-2-[11C]-one ([11C]SL25.1188), a promising reversibly binding radiotracer for imaging central monoamine oxidase B, was rapidly prepared via an intramolecular cyclization reaction in an automated one-pot procedure directly from [11C]CO2, thereby precluding the use of [11C]COCl2. Formulated [11C]SL25.1188 was isolated in 12 ± 1% uncorrected radiochemical yield, based on starting [11C]CO2, with a specific activity of 37 ± 2 GBq/µmol at the end of synthesis (30 min; n = 3). Radiochemical and enantiomeric purities were both >99%. The methodology described herein offers an efficient production of [11C]SL25.1188 at ambient temperature and is suitable for human imaging studies.


Unwanted signals or noise signals in sound files are considered one of the major challenges and issues for a thousand users. It is impossible to reduce or remove these noise signals without identifying their types and ranges. Therefore, to address one of the big problems in the digital or analogue communication, which is noise signals or unwanted signals, an adaptive selection method and noise signal removal algorithm are proposed in this research. The proposed algorithm is done through specifying the types of undesirable signals, frequency, and time range, then utilizing digital signal processing system which includes design several types of digital filters based on the types and numbers of unwanted signals. Four digital filters are used in this research to remove noise signals from the sound file by implementing the proposed algorithm using Matlab Code. Results show that our proposed algorithm was done successfully and the whole noise signals were removed without any negative consequence in the output sound signal.  Unwanted signals or noise signals in sound files are considered one of the major challenges and issues for a thousand users. It is impossible to reduce or remove these noise signals without identifying their types and ranges. Therefore, to address one of the big problems in the digital or analogue communication, which is noise signals or unwanted signals, an adaptive selection method and noise signal removal algorithm are proposed in this research. The proposed algorithm is done through specifying the types of undesirable signals, frequency, and time range, then utilizing digital signal processing system which includes design several types of digital filters based on the types and numbers of unwanted signals. Four digital filters are used in this research to remove noise signals from the sound file by implementing the proposed algorithm using Matlab Code. Results show that our proposed algorithm was done successfully and the whole noise signals were removed without any negative consequence in the output sound signal.


Objective Hiccups can be bothersome and spawn morbidity. Although oral baclofen is perhaps the most prescribed agent for hiccups, a paucity of data supports its use. Methods This multisite, single institution study examined the medical records of patients who had hiccups and had been prescribed baclofenas noted in a clinical encounter. Mixed methods were used to assess baclofen's palliative efficacy. In view of the sometimes transient nature of hiccups and other such factors, cessation or palliation of hiccups in 75% of patients was sought to indicate true palliation. Results A total of 301 patients with a median age of 61 years (range 20–87 years) and a male predominance are the focus of this report. Baclofen was most often prescribed at 10 mg orally three times a day. Only 105 patients (35%) (95% CI: 30% to 41%) acquired hiccup palliation. Corroborative medical record quotations included, 'Still has hiccups.'Quotations such as, 'Responding to baclofen this AM', were also recorded. Baclofen appeared more likely to benefit patients with hiccups of >48 hours (chronic) duration in univariable analyses (OR for benefit: 0.51 (95% CI: 0.29 to 0.91; p=0.02) with similar conclusions drawn from multivariable analyses. Adverse events occurred in 15 patients with drowsiness the most common. Conclusions Baclofen did not meet this study's a priori threshold for successful hiccup palliation, but further study is indicated to learn whether baclofen might help patients with chronic hiccups.


the drop of Stalin's cap. In large measure Cochran's ambivalence about rejecting the Communists as undependable and generally opportunistic allics of the labor movement is rooted in a wavering, confused, and frequently contradictory attitude toward Communists. He is not alone in this, Some of the most politically astute leaders of the CIO, men like John L. Lewis, Philip Murray, and Sidney Hillman, also had generally mixed feelings and nagging uncertainties about their Communist colleagues. For some trade unionists a break with Communists seemed to be an act of disloyality to old friends. For others the Communists were valuable technicians. seemingly indispensable in the operation of paiticular unions. Nothing has been more debilitating to the American Left than this inability to decide, finally, whether Communists should be regarded as overzealous working-class militants or, to use the colorful words of James Carey of the old United Electrical Workers, "political acrobats in pink tights." Because of this apparent confusion about Communists, Cochran asserts that the CIO abandoned its idealism and militancy by expelling Communistled unions in 1949. The expulsion, according to Cochran, "signalled that the C I O s crusading days were over, and that its constituent unions were hardening into quasi-conservative enterprises." But such an assertion ignores several important realities about the CIO: the important differences between the prewar and postwar economy, the natural tendency toward stabilization and normalcy in mass organizations such as unions, and the changed political environment after the death of Roosevelt. Pe!haps most important, Cochran stubb rnly avoids the fact tha! by 1949 the Communist movement had forfeited any claim to radicalism. With the CIO expulsio-ns the Communist movement was once again reduced to the status of an outsider looking in at the trade unions. Years later Len De Caux, the ousted Communist editor of the CIO News, began his autobiography with a statement that sums up the Communist position after 1949. " I hated being an outsider," De Caux wrote. " I envied the comradeship of those who, sharing a common lot, were joined in common struggle." 9 "?he Structure and Form of the French Enlightenment by Ira 0. Wade (Princeton University Press; 2 Vols.: 1146 pp.: $60.00 [set])


34 Mozolic JL, Hayasaka S, Laurienti PJ. A cognitive training intervention increases resting cerebral blood flow in healthy older adults. Front Hum Neurosci 2010; 4: 16. 35 Penninx BW, Rejeski WJ, Pandya J, Miller ME, Di Bari M, Applegate WB, et al. Exercise and depressive symptoms: a comparison of aerobic and resistance exercise effects on emotional and physical function in older persons with high and low depressive symptomatology. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2002; 57 (2): P124–32.


CASE
Here, we describe a case of a Vancouver B1 periprosthetic femur fracture which initially went on to nonunion after open reduction and internal fixation. Union was ultimately achieved with a construct consisting of a prosthesis-engaging retrograde femoral nail and a locking compression plate.

CONCLUSIONS
This case provides evidence that a construct consisting of a prosthesis-engaging retrograde femoral nail and a locking compression plate is an option for increasing fracture site stability in Vancouver B1 periprosthetic fractures and may be useful for patients with poor bone quality or a previously established nonunion.


Between the nation and the surrounding world - Debate in Sweden regarding the organisation and financing of research and its international and national aspects during the first half of the twentieth century My thesis regards the attitude of the Swedish research society to research as a national and an international phenomenon during the period 1900-1950. My work relates to the question in which way the landscape of the research policy of the surrounding world has influenced Swedish research during this period. Primarily it deals with a change between German and American influences. The aim is to give a contribution to the understanding of the national and international character of research. The thesis consists of three parts; Part 1 deals with the international landscape of organisation and co-operation in research. Such phenomenon as the German "Mandarins", when the Nazis seized power of in Germany, the progressive ideal of research, "Bernalism" and the consequences for science in Europe and United States through the financial support from Rockefeller Foundation and Carnegie Foundation is discussed. A picture of the fundamental feature concerning the relationship between research, economy and politics in Europe and United States is given. In order to relate the international picture to the Swedish conditions, I discuss the debate regarding to the societal role of research within the Swedish research society, there I show the span between the national and international aspects concerning Swedish research. The national motive was strong and a legitimizing element for the actors of research, both when they articulated their needs in political discourses and in the national debate. They argued that the destiny of the nation was dependent of that research had a leading role in the society. Most of the problems in society could be soluted with scientific methods. The discussion of the freedom of research and it's societal use was in great respect influenced of contemporary international currents, even though the national perspectives and priorities were the most important. Part 2 deals with five studies, the boundary organisation The Royal Academy of Engineering Sciences (Ingenjorsvetenskapsakademien), the professional organisation The Swedish Society of Medicine (Svenska Lakaresallskapet) and the research councils, Medical Research Council (Medicinska forskningsradet), The Research Council of Social Sciences (Samhallsvetenskapliga forskningsradet) and The Humanistic Fund (Humanistiska fonden). In these studies I focus on the international relations of the scientific organisations. Part 3 will show the results in a summary discussion. I argue that the view of the Swedish research society on international scientific cooperation is connected with the national needs and motifs. International and national motives are no way contrary to each other – if no nations, then no internationalism. From the point of view of the scientific organisations, there are no evidences that Swedish researchers and scientific-political actors were so unambiguous dependent of German science and science politics. Instead there was a complex mosaic of international relations, which were concerning several nations, and Germany was one among many, even if it was an important one. United States, Great Britain and the Nordic countries were other important nations to have a scientific exchange with, and in some cases more important than Germany. (Less)


Many studies have found an increased prevalence of psychiatric illness among offenders of violent crimes. Few, if any, large-scale studies comparing the psychiatric aspects of homicide offenders to those of offenders of other violent crimes have been conducted in the last 10 years in South-East Asia. This study was conducted on individuals charged with murder or voluntarily causing hurt (VCH) in Singapore and who received a psychiatric assessment from 1997 to 2001. Analyses revealed significant differences in the rates of having a positive history of violence, alcohol and substance abuse/dependence, schizophrenia, depression and the presence of persecutory delusions. While not totally preventable, it is suggested that decreasing the rate of homicide may be achievable via the reduction of controllable factors found to be closely associated with murder, such as alcohol and substance abuse.


It has at last been recognised by the public that the Medical Department of the Army has effected a marvellous improvement in the health of the British Army and one ot the most important advances that have been made is the interest now taken by combatant officers in sanitation and in the prevention of disease among soldiers. In the present elegant little volume the whole environment of the soldier is considered in detail, his barracks, their site, construction, lighting, ventilation, warming, etc. 1 be important subject of the disposal of excreta is well explained, sanitation in camp and in the field is considered, and all available orders and regulations are quoted. The great subject of water-supply has due attention paid to it, and the remarks on the difficulties of providing a safe supply in the field and on the


Catostomus commersonii and C. macrocheilus are sympatric in three major drainages of British Columbia. Morphological analysis employing a character index and discriminant function analysis of allopatric and sympatric populations revealed that hybrids were in 9 of the 11 lakes examined in which both species occurred. Presumed F1 hybrids made up an average of 7% of the individuals of the combined populations where hybrids occurred. There was no evidence of backcrossing or swamping.Segregation in spawning time and habitat was not apparent in four confined inlets which have migrations of both species. Some lakes supporting both species were found to have inlets in which only one species spawned. Temporal isolation was absent but habitat isolation was present in some areas of Cluculz River, an outlet with diversified habitat. Where segregation was apparent, C. commersonii spawned in shallow gravelly areas and C. macrocheilus in deep sandy areas. Artificial crosses of the species, two backcrosses involving hybr...


Homogeneous compression tests were carried out in a cam plastometer on mild steel,13% chromium steel,aluminium and lead.Aluminium and lead were tested at roomtemperatures;while mild steel and 13% chromium steel were tested at 1000,1100 and1200℃.Altogether five different rates of strain were used,ranging from 12.2 sec.~(-1)to 183 sec.~(-1),the rate of strain being kept constant during the test.With the exceptionof lead,which reached a reduction of 76%,the maximum reduction in height was 56%.During the tests,the testing temperatures were controlled accurately.The friction be-tween the specimen and the compression platens was successfully eliminated,so that testswere carried out under homogeneous compression conditions,and the true stress-straincurves corresponding to the above testing conditions were thus obtained.The experimental results show that under the above testing conditions the relation-ship between the rate of strain and the resistance to deformation for mild steel,13%chromium steel and lead obeys the following law(?)while the stress-strain curves for aluminium is practically unaffected by the change in theabove rates of strain.These experimental results have been discussed and compared withprevious work found in literature.


This volume contains the formal papers and discussions presented at the international symposium on the reticular formation of the brain held at the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit. The formal presentations number thirty-five. A glance at the titles of the papers reveals that it (the reticular formation) has turned into a system which, like a big flourishing and expanding business, has bought up all its competitors, or, in more prosaic terms, "parts of the temporal lobes, the red nuclei, the pituitary, parts of the cerebellar function" have disappeared into the reticular formation. This imprecision is manifest in the presentations. Many papers, such as that by Nauta and Kuypers on the ascending pathways in the brain stem reticular formation and that by the Scheibels on the microscopic anatomy underlying the integrative patterns in the reticular formation, deal with the reticular substance as it is generally understood; others gain their relationship to


This article, which is an art history research and aims to contribute to arts education, has revealed the importance of the photography in formation of the Futurism art movement. Futurism is an avant-garde art movement which emerged with a manifesto published by Marinetti in Italy in 1909. It's effect lasted until the death of Marinetti in 1944. Futurism which showed the effect in many different disciplines such as painting, sculpture, music, poetry, literature, theater, architecture, photography and cinema, had been the source of the Vorticism, Constructivism, Suprematism and Dada movement. Futurist artists who was aiming to change the world, challanged the traditional artistic approach by glorifying courage, aggression and rebellion. They emphasized the action, energy, change, speed and dynamism which included to modern life with machines of technology in their art works. In this context, the photographic image produced by a machine played an influential role by untraditional visualization style of the facts of action, speed and energy in the formation of Futurism. Especially Futurist painters benefited from the features of camera which was able to show moving the flow of time by slow shutter speed and stop a short moment of time by fast shutter speed as well as Impressionism, Pointillism and Cubism paint techniques. Muybridge's motion analyses recorded on different photographic emulsion, Marey's different moments of the action brought together in the same image, Bragaglia brothers' long exposures which transform a ghostly image to the moving subject had been an important source of inspiration for Futurist artists.


The Paralympic Games began officially in 1960 and have evolved to become the second largest multisport event in the world, and the pinnacle of sporting achievement for athletes with disability. The transformation from a medical model in which sport was used for the purposes of rehabilitation to one focusing on elite athlete performance has occurred due to a myriad of personalities and events that led to significant organizational and structural change. For the purposes of this article, determination of what events constituted major change was based on a synthesis of the authors' personal experiences and suggestions from a number of international experts. The examples are embedded throughout the article within three time frames; burgeoning awareness, rise to prominence and transcendence. The conclusion is that the Paralympic Games had an indelible impact on disability, sport and society and that in the future this will only continue.


A feasibility study of a two-fluid small modular molten salt reactor (MSR) with in core heat removal was performed. The initial fuel block dimension for the configuration was based on the Fuji MSR. The fuel was a mixed fluoride salt of density 3.25 g/cc, composed of 71 LiF – 16 BeF2 – 12 ThF4 – 1 UF4 molar percentages. The coolant salt was Li2BeF4 (FLiBe) of density 1.94 g/cc. The work set out to establish whether or not such a reactor is thermodynamically feasible when optimized for various neutronics parameters. A Java based API was developed to facilitate the neutronics optimization of the reactor concept. In the simulation studies that followed (performed in MCNP), it was established that the optimal block dimension and fuel volume fraction to support under-moderation requirements are 20 cm across flats and 0.15 respectively. Fuel channel diameters varied from 12 cm to 9 cm such that neutron leakage could be suppressed while maintaining a radial power peaking factor of 2.20. In all the simulations except for temperature reactivity calculations, the reactor was assumed isothermal at 900 K. The average temperature coefficient of reactivity was calculated as -5.87E-5 Δk/k-K. Thermo hydraulic studies performed in STAR CCM+ revealed that complete in core heat removal cannot practically be achieved in a design purely optimized for neutronics. However, it was found that fractional heat removal ranging from 15% 85% can be achieved with sufficient mass flow rates. Potential improvements necessary for complete in core heat removal are theorized and briefly discussed.


TABLE OF CONTENTS Warfarin Dosing Guidelines 3 Warfarin Dosing Information 3 Warfarin: Dosing & Monitoring 4 Loading & Maintenance Dosing 5 Dosage Adjustment Algorithm 6 Special Considerations in the Elderly Bleeding 6 Warfarin Dosing in Elderly Patients 7 Conversion of Heparin to Warfarin 8 Managing Warfarin Overdosage 9 Signs of Warfarin Overdosage 9 Managing Patients with High INR Values Minor or No Bleeding 9


When the transfer needn't register,the transferring effect of movable estate under mortgage concerns two subjects' benefit.Comparing the benefit of bona fide transferee with that of the mortgagee,the writer holds that the bona fide transferee should be protected.At the same time ,in order to protect the mortgagee's benefit,the subrogation in rem should take the place of the recourse in rem,and it should be strengthened for the mortgagor to give notice so as to make the practical operability keep up with the theoretical perfection.


Abstract Factors influencing the rate of reverse intersystem crossing (k rISC) in thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters are critical for improving the efficiency and performance of third‐generation heavy‐metal‐free organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, present understanding of the TADF mechanism does not extend far beyond a thermal equilibrium between the lowest singlet and triplet states and consequently research has focused almost exclusively on the energy gap between these two states. Herein, we use a model spin‐vibronic Hamiltonian to reveal the crucial role of non‐Born‐Oppenheimer effects in determining k rISC. We demonstrate that vibronic (nonadiabatic) coupling between the lowest local excitation triplet (3LE) and lowest charge transfer triplet (3CT) opens the possibility for significant second‐order coupling effects and increases k rISC by about four orders of magnitude. Crucially, these simulations reveal the dynamical mechanism for highly efficient TADF and opens design routes that go beyond the Born‐Oppenheimer approximation for the future development of high‐performing systems.


Grinding debris have been studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy, x-ray fluorescence, and primary back-scatter electron methods. Dry grinding with vitreous bonded alumina wheels on steels produces almost entirely colorless particles broken from the wheel. With base oil as coolant, these particles are again formed but with a variegated, polymeric-colored film on the work-piece. With a soluble oil emulsion containing sulfurated and chlorinated additives, many colored and fibrous particles are found which contain sulfur and chlorine. The grinding contact zone is considered as a reactor in which many chemical processes can be initiated and maintained, and the production of the polymeric films and the colored and fibrous products are, respectively, interpreted in terms of chain polymerization reactions initiated at the fresh surfaces formed during grinding and of the high "vibration-equivalent temperatures" generated in the wheel and the workpiece during the scraping contact, which permit diffu...


The articles included in this theme issue ofthe Transactional Analysis Journal explore the usefulness oftransactional analysis for conceptualizing and treating the effects of trauma and for supporting and enhancing resilience. The themes are recursively interlinked because resilience is related to positive, ongoing interpersonal support (Werner & Smith, 1982), and amelioration and healing of trauma's effects involve the same (Siegel, 1999,2003). The focus of the articles presented here ranges widely. Some take a broad perspective regarding how individuals trained in transactional analysis can help to remedy the effects of trauma at the societal, cultural, and ethnic levels through concern for healing the harm that has occurred between or within smaller social groups such as communities and families. Others focus more closely on how to repair injury to a person's sense of self and the loss of trust in others that often results from an abusive dyadic relationship. The first article in this issue, "Transactional Analysis Holds Promise for Healing Trauma and Building Resilience at a Societal Level," is a transcription ofthe opening speech given by Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge at the World Transactional Analysis Conference in Johannesburg, South Africa, in August 2008. Madlala-Routledge, deputy minister of health in South Africa from 2004 to mid2007 and currently deputy speaker of Parliament, refers to her experience ofattending, as a government representative, her country's Truth and Reconciliation Commission, led by Bishop Desmond Tutu. The women of Durban were describing the trauma they had experienced during the struggle that led to the abolishment ofapartheid and the establishment ofa new, more egalitarian constitution and more positive social structures. Madlala-Routledge acknowledges the negative impact ofsociopolitical and interethnic trauma on the mental and physical health of individuals and groups. She addresses the need for both clinicians and political leaders who understand that past traumas adversely affect well-being at all social levels and who will work together to enhance the positive functioning ofpersons, families, and communities. She points to the presence, in the transactional analysis community, ofprofessionals with a wide range ofexpertise and suggests that individuals with the skills identified with transactional analysis could, in collaboration with others, do much to help alleviate trauma's effects at multiple levels. In their article, "An Ethnopsychiatric Approach to Healing Trauma in Involuntary Immigrants and Torture Victims: A Clinical Case," Cristina Caizzi and Simona Ciambellini present a case example that demonstrates their therapeutic work with an involuntary immigrant who experienced torture. They describe how their work is structured to provide interpersonal support for the clinicians who undertake this challenging work and how they integrate other professional and informal (family, community) workers into their therapeutic program in order to nurture the successful "transplanting" oftheir client from her home, family, community, and nation oforigin to her new communal and cultural context. Marco Mazzetti, in "Trauma and Migration: A Transactional Analytic Approach toward Refugees and Torture Victims," presents the theoretical framework that underlies Caizzi and Ciambellini's work as well as his own. As the architect of this model, he explains how his approach to working with immigrants is grounded in transactional analytic constructs, beginning with applying an "I'm OK, You're OK" stance at the cultural level through assigning equal value to the person's native culture and that of the host country. Mazzetti's attention to the need for interpersonal, family, community, and cultural support for individuals who have been involuntarily and precipitously severed from all ofthese highlights the need to remember that clients come to clinicians for support on a contractual, time-limited basis. That contract relates to helping them heal in order to find ways to reconnect successfully with their natural support systems (Kegan, 1982). In extreme cases, such as


Objective. To assess the prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and of clinical and subclinical condilomatosis in men whose sex partners had been diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1997 to August 1998, among 200 men aged 17 to 64 years referred to the Oncology Department of the National Institute of Perinatology in Mexico City. A physical examination of the penis (penoscopy) was performed after applying 3-5% acetic acid. A colposcope was used to identify acetowhite areas and vascular abnormalities associated with HPV infection. HPV DNA was detected by PCR and reverse line hybridization. The exploratory and univariant statistical analysis was made with the package Stata V6.0. Results. β-globin gene was present in 93.5% (n=187) of the 200 urethral exfoliated cell samples collected. HPV DNA was detected in only 2% (4/187) of the study subjects. Penoscopy data showed the presence of acetowhite areas in 43% (81/187) of subjects. Conclusions. Study findings show that the presence of HPV DNA in urethra is uncommon, as has been reported in several previous


Continuous growth of expenditures of public health services, in a combination to the limited possibilities of state budget, induces to constant search of more effective ways of the branch financing. Principle of socially focused state constrains attempts of radical change of health services financing in Belarus and becomes a most important reason of budgetary model preservation. Tactical directions of public health services reforming in Belarus, which introduction will allow to raise the efficiency of the branch financing, are discussed in the article, strategic prospects of reforming are opened.


In article the main problems of formation of public finance are considered. The assessment of formation of financial potential is given and the main objectives directed on improvement of quality of management of public finances and realization of the medium-term purposes of the financial and budgetary policy are allocated.


1,000,000 FPS quantitative phase and 3D imaging of a high-speed and transparent object have been achieved by parallel phase-shifting digital holography. Also, 3D imaging and tracking of a dynamic and micro object has been demonstrated.


In this paper we give existential results for nonlinear interface problems with a singular interface. The solution is proved to exist for an IVP satisfying matching interface conditions. The picards iterative technique is used. We discuss the theory developed to a problem in the field of applied elasticity.


Between 1960 and 2010, Singapore's real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita skyrocketed from $4,383 to $55,862, while Jamaica's barely increased from $6,417 to $8,539. It is plausible that differing rates of GDP growth are associated with differences in the development of education systems but causally the linkage is not well understood. Using a comparative analysis of education in Jamaica and Singapore, this paper explores the critical factors in education development in small states. This article argues that education development can substantively help small states overcome many of the limitations of their smallness that are exacerbated in an increasingly global economy. Three significant factors that shaped the education development of Jamaica and Singapore are identified. First, the timing of reforms is important, not just the content of educational reforms. Second, having a vocational strategy is key. Third, a balanced, forward-looking education development strategy that closely ties education, economic and national development is crucial.


In this short article we focus on those competences that are directly related to animal protection, avoiding all others that are not relevant. The competences pertaining to animals have to be developed and enforced according to Article 13 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. They shell therefore take into account that animals, as sentient beings, enjoy adequate welfare conditions. Despite living in a globalized and interconnected world in which it is necessary to have a broad perspective to act effectively, local action is of great importance in the protection of animals. In Spain, the municipalities and other local entities have a series of competences pertaining to animals. This transfer of competence allows the citizen to act locally in defense of animal rights.


This study examined the development, evaluation and safety aspect of enriched weaning food from cereal, legume and vegetable. Maize was fermented, soybean was defatted and carrot was sliced, and all were processed to flour. The flours were formulated to blends. Laboratory analysis were done such as proximate, minerals, haematology and lipid studies of rat fed both formulated and commercial diets as well as the growth and feed intake of the rats. The data obtained were analyzed. The results showed that the moisture content observed was low ranging from 5.07% 12.91%. The lowest moisture (5.07%) was defatted soybean flour; this was followed by fermented maize flour (9.71%) while the highest moisture (12.91%) was seen in carrot powder. Carrot had the highest Ca (5850.0ppm), followed by defatted soybean (4700ppm), the least was maize (2900ppm). The highest count for white blood cell (WBC) was observed in rat fed rat pellet ie diet G (11.8x10). The high density lipoprotein (HDL) of rats fed different diets ranged from 31 to79mg/dl with group F (31.0 mg/dl) and C (79 mg/dl) which had the lowest and highest HDL respectively. At day 4, the highest (62.20g) feed intake was observed for rats that fed on diet C, next B (60.70 g), diet D (54.20 g), diet G (53.20 g), diet E (45.10 g), diet F (43.80 g). The least feed intake was diet A (39.6 g) in that decreasing order. This study has showed that diet C was outstanding among the diets and should be used to improve the body weight of infant, increased the HDL, reduced LDL, improves haematological parameters and improves nutritional qualities. Original Research Article Izuwa; AFSJ, 20(6): 77-90, 2021; Article no.AFSJ.68675 78


> 'The fact about himself that the bullshitter hides, on the other hand, is that the truth-values of his statements are of no central interest to him; what we are not to understand is that his intention is neither to report the truth nor conceal it. It is just this lack of connection to a concern with truth—this indifference to how things really are—that is the essence of bullshit.'1

>           —Harry Frankfurt

In his paper, Nudging, informed consent, and bullshit , William Simkulet accuses doctors of being bullshitters when they knowingly influence patient decision making through means other than argument and reasoning, that is, through 'nudges.' In these instances, he contends that they care little about patient understanding or communicating the truth about the options and, instead, care only about presenting alternatives in ways that cause patients to do what the physicians think they should do.2

However, doctors can intend to enhance patient understanding at the same time that they try to influence patients' choices. Consider a physician who wants her patient to get a vaccine. …


Discloses an implantable medical device having a rechargeable and primary battery (IMD), also discloses automatically algorithm for selecting the use of these batteries at a particular time. In one IMD embodiment, the primary battery acts as a main battery, the algorithm allows for power draw until IMD reaches its voltage threshold from the primary battery, enough then the algorithm IMD from rechargeable batteries to enable the power draw when it is charged to. In another IMD embodiment, the rechargeable battery acts as a main battery, the algorithm allows for power draw when the IMD is charged it is sufficiently from the rechargeable battery, the IMD primary otherwise to enable the power draw from the battery. Further discloses a technique for and patient for telemetry data for both batteries in the external device to enable the use selection of a particular one of the battery. .FIELD 7A


An easier method for the calibration of differential drive robots is presented. Most calibration is done on-board and it is not necessary to spend too much time taking note of the robot's position. The calibration method does not need a large free space to perform the tests. The bigger space is merely in a straight line, which is easy to find. The results with the method presented are compared with those from UMB for reference, and they show very little deviation while the proposed calibration is much simpler.


This paper is based on 141 'light-house struck specimens'of Locustella o. ochotensis, sent to the writer from the following 17 light-houses since 1924: Kuriles (Kunashiri), Hokkaido (Erimo, Chikyu, Esan), Aomori (Hiradate, Oma, Shiriya), Akita (Nyudo), Chiba (Nojimazaki), Shizuoka (Omae), Wakayama (Hinomisaki), Shimane (Jizo, Hinomisaki), N. Kiushiu (Eboshi), S. W. Korea (Takeshima, Shichihatsuto) and Formosa (Fukikaku). Other specimen and sight records from Yamagata, Niigata, Saitama, Tokyo, Toyama, and S. Korea were also considered. Chief points are as follows:1) This less-known species passes Japan chiefly in June and late August to October. 2) The spring migration period (early v-vi) is much shorter than that of the autumn (late viii-xi). The breeding period is short (early vii-mid-viii) and the wintering period is five months (xii-iv). 3) The reason for more records in the autumn than in spring should be the tripled post-breeding population and high ratio of young bird accidentals. 4) Distinctly, the migration is heavier on the Japan Sea side than on the Pacific coast of Honshiu, and suggested three migration courses are: firstly, the well-known Philippine-Formosa-Riu Kiu course; secondly, the newly proposed one of Philippine-Formosa-China coast-S. Korea (across the Yellow Sea)-N. Kiushiu; and thirdly, continental course passing Ryojun (Port Arthar). The second is the chief route of this species. 5) More males (4 out of 5) than females were passing Cape Shiriya in early June (the 8th), which was reversed (6 females out of 7) in middle June (the 16th), and no male was included on the 27th. During this period, the measurements of the gonads of both sexes increased (faster in the males). 6) Three fat classes of amount were identified. In spring specimens, there was excess deposition of fat which is reserved to be used as energy for postmigration breeding. In the autumn, the fat was much less, and was more so in the young birds. 7) Both the rate of gonad development and amount of fat were rather constant among the birds of the same flock, but were different by flocks, irrespective of the advance of the season.


The article is devoted to the problem of determining the time and conditions for the baptism of Alania. The study is based on the letters of the Patriarch of Constantinople Nicholas the Mystic, in which the process of Christianization itself is illuminated with varying degrees of completeness. The analysis of this information allows us to believe that active missionary activities, already partly successful, were carried out in Alania at the beginning of the 10th century, apparently during the period of the first patriarchate of Nicholas the Mystic. The baptism of Alania itself, which should be understood as the baptism of the ruler, took place in 914/915. An active mediator in this act was Abkhazia, which had close friendly ties with both Byzantium and Alania, in which the ruling circles were already interested in adopting a monotheistic religion in the conditions of increasing independence of Alania from the Khazar Khaganate. Attempts to present baptism as the result of Kartli's activity, attributing to Kartli or Byzantium a certain state priority over Alania has no factual confirmation. The baptism of Alania appears as an act of creating an ethno-state Christian center that ensured the process of Christianization of a particular ethnic group outside the proper possessions of Byzantium. The further process of Christianization of the broader strata of the Alan population was not violent or forced. This situation could have made the forced temporary departure of Alania from Christianity not so painful for the main part of its population. Perhaps at that time the Christian clergy could have moved to the Anakopian Archdiocese of the Patriarchate of Constantinople in Abkhazia. Alania's departure from Christianity after 931/932 was historically short-lived. Apparently, at the end of the 940s, it returns to the Alanian state, which since that time has finally entered the official circle of Christian states.


This document describes the DDE commands that are used to build a program interface to a FuzCon program. These commands allow a user to access the FuzCon menu commands, to assign and retrieve values for variables, to retrieve the truth state and truth value for a constraint, and to initiate and terminate a DDE conversation. It has been tested with Visual Basic, Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) in MSAccess 97, 2000 and XP, in Excel 2000 and XP, and Inprise's (formerly Borland) Delphi. The interface can exist on the same computer or on a different computer. Communication on the same computer is through DDE while communication among different computers is through NetDDE.


TiC0.3N0.7/TiN composite film was successfully formed on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by the treatment of YAG laser irradiation. In this paper an influence of laser output power on microstructure, chemical composition, element distribution and hardness, which were separately analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) and nanoindentation hardness test, was investigated. Results showed that cross-section microstructure as-observed near the surface can be divided into three areas which were TiC0.3N0.7/TiN composite film, acicular structure and coarsening area, respectively. With increasing the output power, the thickness and the hardness of the TiC0.3N0.7/TiN layer were significantly improved.


The author points out the limited significance of the power parameters of the locomotive under normal operation in judging the actual operating conditions. For typical circumstances, the influence of various types of trains and track sections on the mean power consumption is investigated, along with the influence of some main parameters of the equipment of the power circuit of the locomotive. For this purpose, simplified calculations are used for the analysis of the locomotive, but the influence of the magnitude of the ripple is taken into consideration.


Result: Fifty-nine skin biopsies of newly diagnosed untreated leprosy cases over a period of 1 year were included. Of the total 59 patients, the distribution of various types of leprosy is as follows: polar tuberculoid (TTp) leprosy, 18.33% (n = 11); borderline tuberculoid (BT) leprosy, 28.33% (n = 17); mid-borderline leprosy, 6.66% (n = 4); borderline lepromatous (BL) leprosy, 30% (n = 18); polar lepromatous leprosy, 5%( n = 3); histoid leprosy, 5% (n = 3); indeterminate leprosy, 5% (n = 3). Of the 11 patients with TTp leprosy, 81.8% (n = 9) showed mature epithelioid cell granuloma; of the 17 patients with BT leprosy, 94.11% (n = 16) showed immature epithelioid cell granuloma. Of the 18 patients with BL leprosy, 83.33% (n = 16) showed macrophage granuloma. Of the 28 patients on tuberculoid pole, 82.16% (n = 31) showed lymphocyte predominant infiltrate. Of the 32 patients on lepromatous pole, 84.37% showed macrophage predominant infiltrate. Wide Fite staining was positive in 14.28% ( n = 4) on tuberculoid pole and in 87.5% (n = 28) on lepromatous pole. Conclusion: Histopathology remains the only practical and viable tool for diagnosis of specific subtype of leprosy. Mature epithelioid granuloma is the most sensitive indicator for tuberculoid leprosy, and grenz zone is the most sensitive indicator of BL leprosy. Diffuse infiltration of the dermis except for narrow subepidermal zone is the most sensitive indicator of lepromatous leprosy.


[%metadata%] Mums the word - the right word is 'criminal' : Avoiding the media News and views of Molested and Abused Catholics on the Royal Commission into child sexual abuse


New media, virtual reality, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, cybernetics: are the latest technologies push back the very limits of 'reality'. The nature of the real in the digital age is ever more hotly debated and the place of these debates in visual culture can hardly be overstated. Innovative and provocative, this book brings together the latest research on 'the state of the real' by practitioners and commentators across the disciplines of photography, film, media studies, critical theory and fine art. Engaging with the work of critics and thinkers as varied as Linda Nochlin, Lev Manovich and Donna Harroway, Lyotard, Baudrillard and Barthes, "The State of the Real" looks first at the different ways in which 'realism' and reality have been understood in recent art history, with a particular focus on debates about the real within photography. Emphasising the role of art in shaping, as well as reflecting, notions of the real, the book features contributions from a number of contemporary artists and showcases a new photoessay by artist Andrew Lee. The collection looks finally towards advanced technologies and the virtual world in a section which concludes with a specially commissioned contribution by acclaimed thinker Slavoj Zizek. This is an indispensable volume for students of 'the digital age' across the fields of art and photography, film, media studies and critical and visual theory.


The development of the learning cycle box media is a dissemination of science and technology for the Wiropati hamlet community who are experiencing problems in the learning process at home due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Learning cycle box media development activities are made to increase the attractiveness of school-age children to return to learning. This activity is in the form of mentoring learning cycle box media for elementary age children in collaboration with Sahabat Rumah Baca. The method is carried out through production practices and mentoring in the application of the learning cycle box. The results achieved were an increase in the learning motivation of the school-age children, as evidenced by the enthusiasm of attendance during learning activities.


The article discusses the need to use risk management for the productivity of companies, and also considers the key risks inherent in the oil industry. This topic is becoming more relevant every year, since the volatility of the external environment leads to a new challenge, for which the creation of a high-quality risk management strategy can be prepared.


NASA and Orbital Sciences moved the targeted launch date of the Orbital-1 resupply mission to no earlier than Thursday, Dec. 19


This paper introduces the reliability design of PLC control system.and analyses the design factors of PLC control system.and aims at the characteristics of PLC.Discusses PLC work environment,Installation and cabling design,Grounding and protection link design,software anti-disturbance design,bear the environment design and redundancy design in the application which exalt reliability of the PLC control system.


Singlet-singlet transition energies, oscillator strengths, triplet energy levels, and the ground state correlation energy of a number of conjugated hydrocarbons have been calculated by the simple random-phase approximation (RPA) within the framework of the Pariser-Parr-Pople (PPP) model. The effect of semi-empirical parameters in such calculations has been examined in detail. A set of parameters has been deduced from these parametric studies which is found to yield results for the singlet spectra of the molecules in excellent agreement with experiment. It is, however, not possible to treat the triplet states using these same parameters, since they produce triplet instabilities in all the molecules. The triplet instability problem associated with semi-empirical RPA calculations has been discussed in detail.


Background: Antibiotic resistance is emerging as a global public health problem and is growing day by day in both developed and developing countries. This study aims at scientific investigation into the need for the use of antibiotics in cases of pharyngitis. Methods: A prospective study of 2000 patients complaining of sore throat, randomly selected from outpatient department during 1 year period from August 2015 – 2016 .They were studied clinically and investigated for infectious etiology and the role of usage of antibiotics was analysed. Results: Among 2000 patients, 1840 patients were relieved of sorethroat with only symptomatic treatment. Antibiotics were given only in 160 patients (8%) as throat swab demonstrated bacterial growth. Most common organisms were Group A beta haemolytic Streptococci and E coli . Allergic pharyngitis and laryngo pharyngeal reflux disease constituted the important causes of sore throat among middle age groups (20-40 years) and elderly age groups (50-60 years) respectively. Conclusions: Antibiotics should not be given to patients unless there is documentary evidence of bacterial infection. Most of the patients (92%) did not require antibiotic prescription, the illness was self-limiting in acute cases and patients who demonstrated allergic and laryngo-pharyngeal reflux etiology required symptomatic medication. Inadvertent use of antibiotics will lead to spread of resistance in the community; this will limit the usage of higher antibiotics for complicated cases and ICU patients. This highlights opportunity to enhance physician's awareness for reducing inadvertent use of antibiotics among adult pharyngitis patients and optimizing Antibiotic therapy usage.


In ordinary machining, contact plane has unevenness to some extent. When compression is applied between two mutually contacted body, displacement increases considerably and consequently effective Young's modulus decreases in the neighbourhood of contact part. Calculation is shown on the simplified assumption that the load may be distributed ununiformly due to unevenness of plane and experiments are compared with calculative results.


Abstract If hatchery-reared salmon delay emigration after release, they may compete with wild salmon in freshwater rearing habitat. We measured the densities and size distributions of ocean-type juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in two rearing areas downstream of a hatchery in the Sacramento River, California, before, during, and after two large releases in both 2001 and 2002. Densities of juvenile salmon followed a unimodal trend through time, peaking at about 0.5–1.5 fish/m2 during late March or early April but declining by the time hatchery fish were released in mid to late April. Hatchery releases did not increase densities above the underlying trend, except after one release at one site. Density increased by 0.83 fish/m2 (SE, 0.30 fish/m2) after this release but returned to the baseline level within 3 d. Although hatchery fish were much larger than most wild fish, the mean size of fish captured did not increase appreciably after hatchery releases, even after the release when density in...


This paper puts forward a new idea about the design of ground receiving quicklook system for multi-sensor and multi-channel land observation satellite.When the mixed data compressed and uncompressed are transmitted from the satellite,ground receiving station only needs to separate the uncompressed data from the mixed raw data,and then generates the real time quicklook image after the process of frame synchronization and de-format for uncompressed data.This design idea can not only guide to monitor the data reception quality,but also simplify the design of ground receiving system.


The motion of a particle suspended on an elastic thread is analyzed. The motion occurs in the uniform gravitational field. The thread is assumed to be absolutely flexible and elastically extensible. The problem of the orbital stability of the vertical periodic vibration of the particle with an arbitrary amplitude is solved.


Key Points Patients with SCNSL have poor prognosis. ASCT for large B-cell lymphoma patients with secondary central nervous system is associated with prolonged survival.


The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between voluntary disclosure and cost of capital by exploring the impact of voluntary carbon emission disclosure (VCED) on the firm's weighted-average cost of capital. A carbon disclosure index is used to evaluate the quality of carbon emission disclosure in 2013 and 2014 annual reports of 247 Malaysian public listed companies. By using content analysis, the result highlights a significant increase in the level and quality of carbon emission disclosure practice from 2013 to 2014. In addition, the finding from regression analysis indicates insignificant relationship between VCED quality and weighted-average cost of capital. Overall, our findings suggest that the carbon emission disclosure is still low, as such, the quality of VCED do not have an impact on firm's cost of capital. The results of the study allow the government to measure progress toward achieving its target to reduce carbon emission and will add weight to the call by accounting regulation body such as Malaysian Accounting Standard Board for a specific standard on carbon reporting.


Sincerity: a Study in the Atmosphere of Human Relations, a previously unpublished book, appearing in D. Meltzer's Collected Papers, explores The Dwarfs, The Birthday Party and The Homecoming by Harold Pinter, both the capacity to communicate genuine emotion and its limitation by the subject's inability to say-what-he-means, because of rigidity and coldness, and to mean-what-he-says, because of an integrated narcissistic structure. That the language of dreams is perhaps the lingua franca of emotionality and the key to aesthetics is the book's conclusion, with a clear indication of the books to come. This article surveys the relevance of the notion of sincerity in Meltzer's further work, in its clinical and metapsychological aspects.


Background: Dance interventions are considered beneficial for older patients with mild cognitive impairment in many aspects. We conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of dance on different aspects (cognitive function, emotions, physical function, and quality of life) of this population. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, American Psychological Association PsycInfo, ProQuest, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Chinese BioMedical Literature Database, the VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data database was performed. Two reviewers independently assessed the study quality. Results: Fourteen studies were retrieved from the databases for analysis. The pooled results showed that dance interventions significantly improved global cognition (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47 to 0.99, P < 0.00001), rote memory (mean difference [MD] = −2.12, 95% CI: −4.02 to −0.21, P = 0.03), immediate recall (SMD = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.78, P < 0.0001), delayed recall (SMD = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.86, P = 0.0002) and attention (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.64, P = 0.003). No significant improvement was found in executive function, language, depression, anxiety, dementia-related behavioral symptoms, motor function, and quality of life. Conclusion: Dance interventions benefit most aspects of cognitive functions. The evidence for the effects of dance on psycho-behavioral symptoms, motor function and quality of life remains unclear. More trials with rigorous study designs are necessary to provide this evidence.


In this diplom-arbeit I consider a specific class of "analogue models" of curved spacetime that are specifically based on the use of Bose-Einstein condensates.
As is usual in "analogue models", we are primarily interested in the kinematics of fields and quanta immersed in a curved-space background. We are not directly concerned with the Einstein equations of general relativity. Over the last few years numerous papers concerning "analogue models" have been published, the key result being that in many dynamical systems the perturbations have equations of motion that are governed by an "effective metric" that can often be interpreted in terms of an equivalent gravitational field.
After a brief introduction concerning Bose-Einstein condensates and general relativity, I explain the connection between these two fields. Several specific examples are then explored in a little more detail:
1) Sinks and acoustic black holes [dumb holes].
2) Ring-shaped Laval nozzles and acoustic horizons.
3) the de Sitter universe.
In particular, the de Sitter universe is modelled by a freely expanding condensate obtained by suddenly switching off the trap that normally holds the condensate in place.


t was a warm afternoon in the middle of the summer and the small marina in Vananda on Texada Island was drowned in the sunlight; a perfect day for my "water paintings." With no one around I was guaranteed the peace and privacy of my explorations. I checked that my pockets were full of pebbles of various shapes and sizes and grabbed a long arbutus branch before stepping on to the dock. Armed with my camera I began the hunt for the perfect spot. I walked, kneeled, and lay down on the dock trying to find the best angle to capture the beauty of the jl?0t ~ world in front of my eyes. I dropped some rocks to create patterns distorting simple reflections into images full of new energy, opening them to the universe of new interpretations. Fully immersed in this experience, I was surprised by a sudden shadow that covered a section of what later became one of my works in the "WaterColours" series. When I turned around I saw a tall man in his thirties looking at me with a sense of curiosity. "I know it's none of my business," he began, "but what are you actually doing here, Miss?" "I am taking pictures." "Pictures of what?" He was now leaning over my shoulder his eyes searching for the subject of my interest. "Pictures of water," I replied. "Water?" He repeated my answer with puzzlement in his voice. He was now standing next to me carefully scanning the water surface. "But there is nothing there," he confidently declared looking


Abstract To analyse possible genetic erosion due to fragmentation in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest ecosystem, we investigated the genetic diversity within and among one large and six small populations of one of the key species of this ecosystem, Sorocea bonplandii, using AFLP analyses of 468 plants. Eight primer pairs yielded 299 polymorphic fragments for analysis. S. bonplandii was characterized by an unusually high genetic diversity within the species and also within individual populations, around 94% of the total genetic diversity occurred within populations. Genetic distances between populations were low in spite of extensive fragmentation. Genetic distance was significantly correlated with geographical distances between fragments, but these differences may have existed before fragmentation. Our results have direct implications for sustainable management of S. bonplandii, indicating that conservation strategies might be based on a random sample of trees taken throughout the Atlantic forest. However, the minimum population size required for maintaining the huge genetic diversity of this species is unknown. In order to establish a sustainable management plan for the species, further ecological studies are needed.


DOI: Stress calculation of steam pipeline is presented, focused on the welded joint. Numerical calculation was performed using the finite element method to obtain stress distribution in the welded joint made while replacing the valve chamber. Dissimilar materials were used, namely steel 10CrMoV9-10 according to EN 10216-2 for the valve chamber, the rest of steam pipeline was steel X20, whereas the transition piece material was steel X22. Residual stresses were calculated, in addition to design stresses, indicating critical regions and necessity for post-weld heat treatment.


Fluorogenic molecular rotors have demonstrated their efficiency to probe viscous environments in various cell compartments. Green emitting BODIPY rotors are non-charged and thus are widely used in bioimaging. However, non-charged rotors operating in the near infrared region and exhibiting high brightness are rare. We herein synthesized five different merocyanines dyes (MCs) from a dihydro-xanthene scaffold and studied their spectroscopic properties. Notable differences were observed, which allowed us to establish structure–properties relationships. Among MCs, MC-TB, bearing a thiobarbituric electron acceptor group, displayed high sensitivity to viscosity, excellent photostability, high extinction coefficient (>100 000 M−1 cm−1) and bright emission with sharp peaks in the near infrared region (∼700 nm), which are favorable features for bioimaging. In cells, MC-TB stained the most hydrophobic and viscous organelles, namely the lipid droplets. To increase the versatility of this new rotor, a mitochondria targeted version, MC-TB-Mito, was synthesized. The latter showed similar appealing photophysical properties and it was successfully used to report variation and heterogeneity of mitochondrial viscosity using multicolor fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM). Finally, we used MC-TB-Mito to reveal an important increase of mitochondrial viscosity during cell apoptosis.


IN this article, we provide an empirical test of Fred McChesney's model of rent extraction.' He argues that politicians may maximize returns by threatening expropriation of existing private rents and then forbear implementation of the threat in exchange for a payoff. The threat could take the form of proposed legislation or regulation raising firms' costs, reducing prices, or imposing narrowly targeted taxes. The threatened firm or industry would be willing to pay politicians to forbear if the payment were less than the potential loss of economic rent. This payment need not be made in cash for the personal use of politicians (although that possibility is not excluded). Payments may take the form of campaign contributions (cash, or in-kind donations of service or property), fees paid to politicians for speeches made to special-interest groups, or tickets to political dinners. For political threats to be credible, they must be carried out on occasions where payment is not forthcoming. Although McChesney did not mention it, payoffs may serve a social purpose to the extent that politicians use these resources to pay for giving voters information useful for decision making. Thus, there could be some social benefits from political extortion. McChesney stresses that this model complements that of George Stigler2 where rents are created when politicians facilitate formation of a


In this paper, a reliable decision support system for the accurate diagnosis of liver disease is presented. A benchmark liver disease dataset was utilized to build the prediction model. However, the dataset in question is imbalanced, leading to a biased prediction towards the majority class. A standard error-driven Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier fails completely to distinguish the diseased patients from the healthy ones due to the large class imbalance present. To alleviate the problem, the SVM classifier is modified into a cost-sensitive design where unequal costs are assigned to different classes. The minority class instances are strongly penalized compared to the majority class. This shifts the decision boundary away from the majority class, leading to a more balanced predictive performance. A grid search technique was utilized to identify the appropriate cost settings to achieve optimal performance. A g-mean score of 65.82%, with a sensitivity of 72.36% and specificity of 59.88% was achieved using our proposed approach. On the contrary, standard error-driven SVM classifier provided a g-mean score of zero. Thus, our proposed methodology has the potential to be an effective tool in the prediction of liver disease.


This article departs from the renewed interest in commodity market regulation and assesses the position of the European Union (EU) on supply-management in tropical commodities. After sketching the resurgence of the commodity debate on the international trade front, the second section recapitulates the thesis that Europe's trade relations shifted from innovative and interventionist arrangements in the 1970s, to a neo-liberal outlook by the end of the 1990s. Based on this historical account, we examine whether the EU's role has changed during the commodity debate since 2003-2004. The analysis makes clear that, although EU policy-makers and institutions have addressed the issue, supply-management schemes are not considered. Without challenging the mainstream approach to commodity trade, Europe's initiatives with regard to 1) export stabilisation, 2) commodity protocols and 3) market access rather show an evolution 'from trade to aid'. The article concludes with a number of explanations for this recent shift.


Acute suppurative parotitis (ASP) is a rare entity in early Infancy. The clinical presentation may be non-specific. Here, we describe a 70-day-old breast-fed female infant with massive purulent drainage from the mouth. Diagnostic workup such as ultrasound revealed purulent exudate from Stensen's duct consistent with parotitis. Culture of the exudate showed growth of Staphylococcus Aureus . Based on the clinical presentations and ultrasound findings, the patient was diagnosed with right ASP. The patient responded well to a 7-day antibiotic therapy and supportive measures. Thus ASP should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a neonatal parotid swelling and purulent drainage from the mouth, since early and prompt diagnosis prevents morbidity and complications. To the best of our knowledge it is the first documented case of ASP in early infancy in Iran.


This session celebrates the Nobel Prize recognizing contributions of game theory to economic analysis. It is especially appropriate that international trade be included, since both theory and practice in this area have been revolutionized as a consequence of issues game theory addresses. The New International Trade Theory evolved to deal with product differentiation, economies of scale, and imperfect competition (Helpman and Krugman). Ethier observed that this revolution was driven by the failure of existing models-the HeckscherOhlin-Samuelson framework-to account for


Engagement in the voluntary sector has been shown to be an important pillar for upholding democracy: it creates social capital, both bridging and bonding; it has been linked to voting behaviour and political participation; and it enhances involvement in local decision making. For immigrants, it is a way to learn about Canadian democracy and feel more connected with the country. Many nonprofit organizations work in and with immigrant communities, but research indicates that there is a lack of minority representation on the boards of nonprofit agencies (Bradshaw et al., 2009; Daley, & Angulo, 1994; Daley & Marcsiglia, 2001; Fredette et al, 2006). According to statistics collected in the National Survey on Giving, Volunteering and Participating, most of Canada's ethnic minorities are volunteering and participating at lower than average rates (Foster et al., 2004).


Objective To observe the dynamic process of ventricular remodeling after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury,and to explore the expression of microRNA (miRNA)-133a in the dynamic process of ventricular remodeling.Methods The model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats was constructed.Healthy adult male wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups:(1) Sham group ; (2) I/R group.In postoperative 1,3,7,15,and 30d,cardiac function was analyzed,indicators of ventricular remodeling and miRNA-133a levels were detected.Results In L/R group:with reperfusion time extension,cardiac function was gradually declined.The expression of type I collagen were significantly higher.Apoptosis were significantly increased (P < 0.05).Ischemia area myocardial fibrosis was gradually worsened.miRNA-133a expression levels were markedly lowered (P < 0.05).On the 3 d after reperfusion,apoptosis rate was highest (54.6 ±-7.3) %,Fibrosis became obvious [I/R VS Sham:(5.60 ± 2.30) % vs.(1.64 ± 0.41) %,P < 0.05],and miRNA-133a was the lowest (0.57 ± 0.22).Conclusion Fibrosis remodeling occurred after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion.An important period of ventricular remodeling was from 3d after reperfusion.The miRNA-133a expression was significantly lowered in the process of ventricular remodeling after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.miRNA-133a may be involved in the regulation of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion ventricular remodeling process.

Key words:
MicroRNA-133a;  Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion;  Ventricular remodeling;  Cell apoptosis


In the big data era, more and more people elect to conduct their business online, and logistics firms are expanding in tandem with the quick growth of e-commerce platforms. However, since the outbreak of the epidemic in 2020, it has dealt a heavy blow to the whole world. Despite the economic downturn and difficult development in this particular period, it has also brought challenges and opportunities for logistics companies. The study finds that the effectiveness of logistics companies in managing their warehouses can be improved through the use of AI-driven data analytics and machine learning solutions; the impact of big data on the business performance of the express logistics industry; AI helps optimize the entire supply chain by providing insights on supplier performance, locating bottlenecks and suggesting process improvements; Big Data enables precise demand projections and coordinates supply chain operations with these estimates by using data analytics algorithms; and Big Data analytics and algorithms can help logistics companies improve cost control and resource utilization efficiency from transportation, warehouse management, distribution and other aspects. In addition, the study found that the application of big data can bring about ethical problems in logistics information, which negatively affects the property security and personal safety of both consumers and logistics companies.


The invention discloses a DVD (digital video disk) bottom plate, which comprises a main body; round grooves and secondary grooves with the same depth are arranged in the main body; the round grooves are communicated through the secondary grooves; the diameter of each round groove is larger than the width of each secondary groove; and a bolt connecting hole is arranged at the center position of the bottom of each round groove. With the adoption of the DVD bottom plate provided by the invention, the bolt head can be ensured totally to sink in the round grooves; the width of the secondary grooves is reduced; larger space is provided for the position design of a swinging arm structure; processing and assembling difficulties of the overall DVD are reduced; and meanwhile, with the adoption of the structure that the round grooves are communicated by the secondary grooves, the deformation of other parts caused during the round groove manufacturing is avoided, thus, the flatness of the overall DVD bottom plate is ensured.


This paper analyzed the current situation of the scrap medical equipment management.Some problems were indicated,for instance,the scrap programs were not standardized,the management of equipment was not strict,and the waste-treatment was careless.For the management situation,the authors further emphasized the principles and procedures of scrap management,and pointed out residual value and available value of the scrap medical equipment.The authors brought forth methods to reinforce the management of scrap medical equipment and utilization of residues from the following aspects,the rebates from remaining cost,repairing,dismantled parts utilization,waster dealing,affairs about records and finance and so forth.These methods could availably reinforce the management of the scrap medical equipment and the utilization of residues.


Agroindustrial waste (AIW) is a potential source of cellulose, which can be obtained through different treatments. In this study, we evaluated four delignification treatments (10% sodium hydroxide, 50% ethanol, distilled water, and 25% Mohr's salt) to obtain cellulose pulp from four Amazonian AIWs (banana peel, cassava peel, sugarcane bagasse, and rice husk). Our results showed that sodium hydroxide treatment had the highest lignin removal and increased cellulose content, while Mohr's salt treatment had the lowest cellulose yield and lignin removal. Banana peel and rice husk had the highest cellulose yield, while cassava peel had the lowest. Distilled water treatment at medium temperature had similar lignin removal and cellulose yield to the sodium hydroxide and ethanol treatments. Our findings suggest that AIWs have great potential as a source of cellulose and that these economical, simple, and eco-friendly treatments can be used to obtain high-purity cellulose from AIWs.


There are problems with the predictive validity and clinical recommendations of current postpartum hemorrhage risk-assessment tools. In the United States, postpartum hemorrhage is a leading preventable cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. To reduce morbidity from postpartum hemorrhage, risk assessment is an important starting point for informing decisions about risk management and hemorrhage prevention. Current perinatal care guidelines from the Joint Commission recommend that all patients undergo postpartum hemorrhage risk assessment at admission and after delivery. Three maternal health organizations—the California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative, AWHONN, and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Safe Motherhood Initiative—have developed postpartum hemorrhage risk-assessment tools for clinical use. Based on the presence of risk factors, each organization categorizes patients as low-, medium-, or high-risk, and ties pretransfusion testing recommendations to these categorizations. However, the accuracy of these tools' risk categorizations has come under increasing scrutiny. Given their low positive predictive value, the value proposition of pretransfusion testing in all patients classified as medium- and high-risk is low. Further, 40% of all postpartum hemorrhage events occur in low-risk patients, emphasizing the need for early vigilance and treatment regardless of categorization. We recommend that maternal health organizations consider alternatives to category-based risk tools for evaluating postpartum hemorrhage risk before delivery.


An attempt was made to relate the properties of types I and V dNP to those of their constituent DNA by measuring the sedimentation coefficients of the separated DNA. DNA was separated from protein by using density-gradient equilibrium centrifugation. Samples of dNP solution added caesium chloride to make final solutions containing 30-35 ,g. of DNA/ml. and 56-57 % (w/w) caesium chloride. The solutions were centrifuged in a L


Purpose AMD is the leading cause of blindness in the United States. The role of secondary inflammatory disease on AMD progression is largely unknown. Here we investigate the association between AMD and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), using MarketScan data for patients aged ≥65 years on Medicare. Methods Baseline data were extracted for subjects with at least two International Classification, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) diagnosis codes of RA and control subjects (no RA) and were matched at baseline by propensity score. Matched cohort data were extracted post-baseline time and examined up to 4.5 years of follow-up for ICD-9 diagnosis code AMD records. Multivariable regression models compared risk of an AMD diagnosis post-baseline for RA subjects and matched controls. Days until first AMD diagnosis between RA patients and controls was examined using survival analysis. Results Risk of new AMD diagnosis was elevated in RA patients (odds ratio [OR] 2.08; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.98–2.18), with an increase in nonexudative AMD patients (P < 0.0001). Risk was elevated in female (n = 27,548) (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.05–1.17) compared with male (n = 9704; P < 0.001) patients. The time to first AMD diagnosis was shorter for RA subjects than controls (P < 0.0001). Conclusions Our analysis provides support of association between RA diagnosis and increased nonexudative AMD diagnosis.


The non for profit organizations in general and, in particular, the foundations have an increasing weight in the economy. This work analyses the present situation in relation to the financial information and makes proposals to improve their transparency. These proposals affect three axes: accounting, publicity of accounts and audit. REVISTA 14 CASTELLANO.indd 73 20/07/12 14:44 74 V. Pich Rosell y M.A. Renart: La información financiera de las fundaciones