In the title compound, C17H12Cl2N6O3, the 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring [maximum deviation = 0.003 (1) Å] forms dihedral angles of 34.08 (6) and 28.38 (6)°, respectively, with the nitro- and dichloro-substituted benzene rings. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 6.68 (5)°. In the crystal, C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into chains running parallel to the a axis.


The security of bank is important for the nation economy.With SCP,if it is captive market,the security of bank will reduce.But studying the price formation mechanism of the bank,we can get the conclusion that captive market will not affect on the security of bank.On the contrary,malicious competition will affect on the security of bank.For the security of bank,we should cautiously open the bank market,and financial laws need to be enforced more strictly,and financial supervision and management need to be strengthened.


A state-variable constitutive relation that can describe the dependence of friction on temperature at or near steady state conditions is presented. The relation is derived from existing state-variable relations used to describe velocity dependence and the assumption that the micro-mechanisms of friction are thermally activated and follow an Arrhenius relationship. The relation adequately describes the transient and steady friction behavior displayed in sliding experiments on 1.5-mm-thick layers of fine-grained (less than 100 micron diameter) quartz gouge. Gouge layers were sheared up to 10 mm between rough steel surfaces at a constant effective confining pressure of 20 MPa and under room-dry or water-saturated conditions in a servo-controlled triaxial apparatus. In each experiment, velocity was stepped between 4, 0.4, and 0.04 microns/s at constant temperature, and temperature was stepped between 24, 57, and 82 C at a constant velocity of 0.04 microns/s. Coefficient of friction was calculated from measurements of sample strength using corrections for all apparatus effects including the temperature and velocity dependent strength of the metal sleeves used to isolate the sample and of the graphite-lubricated interface that allowed lateral slip of the sample halves. Experiments indicate that (1) an abrupt increase in temperature induces a transient friction response similarmore » to that induced by a step decrease in velocity, (2) the transient friction response is relatively symmetric for steps up and steps down in temperature, and (3) the characteristic slip distance for friction to evolve to steady state after step changes in temperature is the same as after step changes in velocity. The apparent activation energy determined for wet quartz gouge at the test conditions is 89 +/- 23 kJ/mol. (Abstract Truncated)« less


This article addresses the question of health inequalities encountered in legislative discourse in the 19th century. It is possible to assert that poverty relief is provided primarily by religious and private charity. Even though the State has always tended to avoid difficult topics, social ills were addressed by public charity when the French Revolution organized assistance by the decree of July 11, 1794 concerning the nationalization of hospitals. However, aid for impoverished individuals suffering from illness was ensured by the State starting in 1849 with a firm policy of reorganization of public assistance, particularly in Paris, as an example of care for the needy on the national level. Shared communal action in the field, the hygiene movement allows for longer-term growth of a genuine public health policy, complementary, in support of the thriving health jurisdiction under the Third Republic.


Summary A trilobite fauna of Llandovery/Wenlock age is described. Five species are represented:Rhax polllnctrix gen. et sp. nov. (Scutelluidae), a warburgelline?, Sphaerexochus sp.,Encrinurus? sp., and a calymenid. The morphology of R. pollinctrix supports the view that Bumastus is a scutelluid, and consequently that the Illaenidae, as presently conceived, is polyphyletic.


ObjectiveOsteosarcoma (OS), the most common malignant bone tumor, is prone to early metastasis and recurrence, resulting in poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate gene expression in OS samples, and to study the relationship between tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIICS) in the tumor microenvironment and the occurrence, development, and prognosis of OS. MethodsIntegrated analysis was performed on the gene expression profile of OS samples in the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) database, and normal muscle tissue samples in the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database. Screening of differentially expressed genes in OS samples and healthy muscle tissue samples was performed using R software. Functional annotation and pathway enrichment analyses were performed, a protein-protein interaction network was constructed, and the Hub genes were screened. The infiltration differences of 22 TIICs in OS samples and normal muscle tissue samples were analyzed using CIBERSORT. ROC curve, and OS survival analyses were performed on the Hub genes and 22 TIICs. The correlation between Hub genes with prognostic value and the 22 TIICs was discussed. ResultsTen Hub genes were screened. OS and normal muscle tissue samples were compared. Significant differences were observed in the infiltration of follicular helper T cells, resting NK cells, plasma cells, activated CD4 memory T cells, gamma delta T cells, monocytes, M0 macrophages and resting dendritic cells (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for the 10 hub genes was 0.9 ~ 1.0, and for naive B cells (AUC=0.942), plasma cells (AUC=0.999), follicular T helper cells (AUC=0.814), resting NK cells (AUC=0.864), monocytes (AUC=0.987), and M0 macrophages (AUC=0.995). Kaplan-Meier curves revealed positive correlation between the expression levels of TNNI2, TTN, ACTN3, TNNC2, MYL3, and survival of OS patients. Correlation analysis revealed close association between ACTN3, TNNI2, TNNC2, MYL3, TTN, and the infiltration of M0 macrophages and plasma cells. ConclusionOur findings provide a theoretical basis for further study of the molecular mechanisms underlying OS development and occurrence. It serves as a reference for the development of new diagnostics, identification of prognostic biomarkers, and targeted drug therapy for OS.


This is the third in a series of books on selected subjects in ophthalmic plastic surgery. It contains an exhaustive summary of current modalities of diagnosis and treatment of lacrimal diseases in its 47 chapters, each written by a prominent oculoplastic specialist. The book is intended for those who have a subspecialty interest in lacrimal disease, and it frequently offers different opinions on several areas of controversy, from the question of pediatric lacrimal probing to the treatment of epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland. Other lesser known entities, such as lacrimal sac tumors, lacrimal embryology, and the syndrome of conjunctivalchalasis, are discussed in detail. Excellent descriptions of lacrimal anatomy, intubation techniques for lacrimal obstruction, microsurgical repair in lacrimal trauma, and the variety of surgical techniques for dacrocystorhinostomy can also be found. "... a very comprehensive review of current concepts of lacrimal disease and management." Leading authorities present editorial comments on problematic


A method for image decoding carried out by a decoding apparatus according to the present invention comprises the steps of: parsing a first flag which indicates whether the prediction mode carried out in the current block is an inter-merge-prediction mode; parsing a second flag for the current block if the value of the first flag is 0; deriving, on the basis of the second flag, one from among the intra-prediction mode and inter-prediction MVP mode as the prediction mode carried out in the current block; and generating a prediction sample of the current block on the basis of the derived prediction mode. According to the present invention, a merge flag of the current block can be parsed prior to a prediction mode flag, thereby reducing the number of bits generated when a merge mode is carried out in the current block, and thus allowing the overall coding efficiency to be improved.


There has been increased interest recently in feedback methods for reliable , robust, eecient computational methods in mechanics. We will outline the construction of such methods for a class of problems describing bending of plates for certain classes of loads. We emphasize the theoretical performance of this method, such as the selection of basis functions in the dimensional reduction { ensuring optimal convergence rates in the \thin" limit as well as in the order of model increasing. We then discuss the feasibility of eecient solution of the rst couple of members of the sequence of models { also with an eye towards reliability and adaptivity.


We report the increase in the quality factor of superconducting radiofrequency cavities when small concentrations of nonmagnetic impurities such as titanium and nitrogen are thermally diffused into the inner surface. Several cavities made from ingot niobium with residual resistivity ratio (RRR) ~ 100-300 and a fine-grain reactor grade cavity with RRR <; 100 were thermally doped with titanium and nitrogen in the temperature range of 800 °C-1400 °C. The magnitude of the increase in quality factor is related to the process parameters and is similar to that observed in fine-grain high-purity niobium cavities.


The advertising budget allocation problem for financial service is dealt with based on statistical learning and evolutionary computation in this paper. Taking the carry-over effects of the advertising into account, the least squares support vector machine regression (LS-SVMR) is used to construct the response model. A comparison between the proposed response model and traditional regression method based market response models is implemented. The results show the effectiveness and validity of the former model. Taking the budgets allocated to every month in the planning horizon as decision variables, the budget allocation optimization model is built and an improved differential evolution algorithm is used to find the optimal solutions. Finally, the proposed budget allocation method is illustrated by a practical problem.


In two experiments with rats, three stimuli, A, B, and X, were used for an AX + BX + Xo discrimination in which food was presented after the simultaneous presentation of A and X, or B and X, but never after X by itself. For one group in each experiment, X was repeatedly presented by itself before the start of discrimination training. This manipulation weakened responding on test trials in which the three stimuli were presented together. The results are interpreted in terms of a configural theory of conditioning that assumes that preexposure to a stimulus will reduce its capacity to promote generalization among different configurations to which it belongs.


The utility model provides a biomass boiler with high energy efficiency. A feed hopper and a boiler body are arranged on a chain grate. An economizer is communicated with the tail end of the boiler body. A furnace, a burning-out chamber, a flue, an upper boiler barrel, a lower boiler barrel, a front arch, a rear arch and a water wall are arranged inside the boiler body. The water wall is composed of a front-wall water wall, a side-wall water wall and a rear-side water wall. The furnace is composed of the front arch, the front-wall water wall, the rear-wall water wall, the side-wall water wall and the rear arch. Secondary air inlet devices are also arranged on the front arch, the rear arch and the side-wall water wall. Both the burning-out chamber and the flue are arranged between the upper boiler barrel and the lower boiler barrel. The burning-out chamber is arranged at the front end of the flue. A longitudinal convection bundle, an ash blower and an ash falling device are distributed in the flue. Two ends of the convection bundle are respectively communicated with the upper boiler barrel and the lower boiler barrel. According to the utility model, the airflow perturbation between the front arch and the rear arch in the furnace and the mixing of fuel and the air are reinforced, so that the combustion efficiency of the boiler is improved.


Based on an analysis to approximately 300 hospitals at county level, hospitals at county level may be grouped into 3 types:wellbeing type, "having sufficient food and clothing " type and poverty type. And the problems that hospitals at county level are currently facingand measures that should be adopted are analyzed and discussed.Author's address: Chairman Member for Branch of Hospitals at County Level, China Hospital Management Society, in People's Hospital,Fengrun District, Tangshan City, Hebei Province, 064000 .PRC.


We report on the first detailed measurements of electron backscattering from plastic scintillator targets, extending our previous work on beryllium and silicon targets. The scintillator experiment posed several additional experimental challenges associated with charging of the scintillator target, and those challenges are addressed in detail. In addition, we quantitatively compare the energy and angular distributions of this data, and our previous data, with electron transport simulations based on the GEANT4 and PENELOPE Monte Carlo simulation codes. The PENELOPE simulation is found globally to give a superior description of the data. Such information is crucial for a broad array of weak-interaction physics experiments, where electron backscattering can give rise to the dominant detector-related systematic uncertainty.


Abstract A considerable increase in accuracy of soil moisture determinations near the soil surface was possible with the depth probe of a neutron moisture meter when quadratic calibration curves were used


world-renowned theoretician of physics, an academician of the National Academy of Sciences, Dmitri|̄ Vasil'evich Volkov. D V Volkov was a pioneer in the development of new and fundamental trends in theoretical physics of elementary particles and the quantum field theory. His name will forever be associated with the discovery of supersymmetry and supergravity, which laid the basis for modern research aimed at constructing a unified field theory. D V Volkov was born on July 3, 1925 in Leningrad. In 1943 he was drafted into the army as a private and participated in fierce battles on the Karelia and Far East fronts. He was seriously wounded and in 1946, at the end of the war against Japan, was discharged from the military due to the condition of his health. He was awarded three medals for military valour. The war didmuch to solidify his character and attitude towards life. In 1947 D V Volkov entered the Physics Faculty of the Leningrad State University and then in 1951, by order of the Ministry of Higher Education he was sent along with the best students to the recently founded nuclear department of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of the Kharkov State University, which he graduated from in 1952. After completing his graduates studies in 1956 under the supervision of A I Akhiezer he was assigned to work at the Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, where he spent nearly 40 years of his career from junior research worker to academician. The physics of elementary particles was materializing in the Fifties and after defending his candidate's dissertation on scalar quantum electrodynamics DVVolkov embarked upon research on the fundamental problems of the quantum field theory. He studied the linkage of spin and statistics, established a connection between the Pauli theorem and CPTsymmetry of commutation relations and in 1959 devised a new scheme for quantum fields, i.e. the so-called parastatistics or Green-Volkov statistics, which generalized the statistics of Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac. Parastatistics played an important role in developing a hypothesis on the quantum structure of hadrons. At the beginning of the Sixties Regge's theory of poles was gaining currency and D V Volkov performed in-depth research on the behaviour of poles in a relativistic region. In 1962, together with VNGribov, he discovered a phenomenon which came to be known as `Regge's poles conspiracy'. The theorem on the `poles conspiracy' established links between the poles of relativistic amplitudes of scattering particles with a spin and paved the way for a large set of theoretical and experimental studies on high energy physics. In 1965 D V Volkov introduced the important concept of collinear subgroups of symmetry and became a trend-setter who provided the opportunity for effectively studying the processes of particle scattering based on the theory of high symmetry group representation. In the mid Sixties D V Volkov was involved in developing yet another trend, i.e. the algebra of currents, spontaneously broken symmetries and completed a cycle of classical studies on the interaction of particles in systems with a degenerated vacuum. D V Volkov based these studies on the theoretical group methods of E Cartan, constructed a general theory of interacting Goldstone particles in field systems with an arbitrary and spontaneously broken group of internal symmetry. Using methods which he developed, D V Volkov solved the complex problem of spontaneous vacuum transitions in the dual models of Veneziano and Neveu±Schwarz and established an important link of dual amplitudes and the Regge trajectories with internal symmetries and current Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk 166 (8) 913 ± 914 (1996) Translated by S Frauzel PERSONALIA PACS number: 01.60.+q


In monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) the valence and conduction bands are spin split because of the strong spin-orbit interaction. In tungsten-based TMDs the spin-ordering of the conduction band is such that the so-called dark exciton, consisting of an electron and a hole with opposite spin orientation, has lower energy than the A exciton. A possible mechanism leading to the transition from bright to dark excitons involves the scattering of the electrons from the upper to the lower conduction band state in K. Here we exploit the valley selective optical selection rules and use two-color helicity-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy to directly measure the intravalley spin-flip relaxation dynamics of electrons in the conduction band of single-layer WS$_2$. This process occurs on a sub-ps time scale and it is significantly dependent on the temperature, indicative of a phonon-assisted relaxation. These experimental results are supported by time-dependent ab-initio calculations which show that the intra-valley spin-flip scattering occurs on significantly longer time scales only exactly at the K point. In a realistic situation the occupation of states away from the minimum of the conduction band leads to a dramatic reduction of the scattering time.


The aim of my article is to explicate distinctions between the different versions of spatio-temporal event-individuation. I suggest to distinguish between three versions: The first is Quine's approach, which can be seen as an application of general assumptions of his one-categorial physical-object-ontology to event-theory. The second is Lemmon's proposal, strongly influenced by Quine. In spite of holding the thesis that spatio-temporal coincidence is not only a necessary, but also a sufficient identity-condition of events, Lemmon does not reject the categorial difference between things and events. The third version is ontologically neutral, insofar as it is independent from Quine's ontology at all. In order to discuss seriously spatio-temporal event-individuation one has to consider these distinctions.


This study aimed to evaluate the quality of the Family Health Strategy (ESF) through the measurement of users' satisfaction regarding services provided, identifying the relationship between the satisfaction and perception of quality by the officials. Therefore, it is characterized as a case study, descriptive and quantitative, developed with 606 users and 39 professionals belonging to five units of the ESF in a municipality of the Central Region of Rio Grande do Sul, through questionnaires based on the SERVQUAL Scale. The result obtained is a negative evaluation of the ESF by both actors, users show a dissatisfied and professionals characterized as unacceptable the quality of services. It is important to emphasize that no point was assessed as satisfactory or excellent quality. This study contributed to analysis and reorganization of the practices currently used by the ESF in the provision of its services, and the issues identified here as guiding the actions of improvement.


Let $\overline{\mathcal{M}}_{g,A[n]}$ be the moduli stack parametrizing weighted stable curves, and let $\overline{M}_{g,A[n]}$ be its coarse moduli space. These spaces have been introduced by B. Hassett, as compactifications of $\mathcal{M}_{g,n}$ and $M_{g,n}$ respectively, by assigning rational weights $A = (a_{1},...,a_{n})$, $0< a_{i} \leq 1$ to the markings. In particular, the classical Deligne-Mumford compactification arises for $a_1 = ... = a_n = 1$. In genus zero some of these spaces appear as intermediate steps of the blow-up construction of $\overline{M}_{0,n}$ developed by M. Kapranov, while in higher genus they may be related to the LMMP on $\overline{M}_{g,n}$. We compute the automorphism groups of most of the Hassett's spaces appearing in the Kapranov's blow-up construction. Furthermore, if $g\geq 1$ we compute the automorphism groups of all Hassett's spaces. In particular, we prove that if $g\geq 1$ and $2g-2+n\geq 3$ then the automorphism groups of both $\overline{\mathcal{M}}_{g,A[n]}$ and $\overline{M}_{g,A[n]}$ are isomorphic to a subgroup of $S_{n}$ whose elements are permutations preserving the weight data in a suitable sense.


The recent trend in global mean temperature is expected to increase the frequency, duration, and intensity of heat waves and heat stress all around the world, especially over the Indian subcontinent. To investigate the plausible mechanisms and implications of meteorological feedback of aerosol forcing on heat stress over South Asia, simulations using a regional climate model (RegCM4) coupled with aerosols were carried out from 2015 to 2019. Generally, extreme heat days are observed mainly over the central and western Indo-Gangetic plains (IGPs) during May. The two heat-humidity indices, wet-bulb temperature (WBT) and heat index (HI), showed moderate effects due to aerosol forcing despite the high aerosol loading during the pre-monsoon. The inclusion of aerosols leads to surface cooling (a reduction in maximum surface temperature), with the highest impact over western India (WI) and the IGP. However, this surface cooling due to aerosols is compensated by an increase in near-surface relative humidity (RH), leading to an increase in WBT and HI. This compensating effect of RH on WBT and HI is greater in WI than that in eastern India. Regional heterogeneity in aerosol-induced changes in heat stress has a strong dependence on land-atmosphere interactions. This study clearly shows that aerosol-induced changes in RH play a decisive role in the assessment of heat stress, which answers the link between the prevalence of high heat stress conditions despite high aerosol loading (surface cooling) over the Indian region.


Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is a novel coronavirus that has infected more than 2,900,000 individuals worldwide. The widespread of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) brings about the need for a prediction model to adopt appropriate evidence-based strategies. In this study, multi-gene genetic programming (MGGP), as one of the artificial intelligence models, has been proposed for the first time for predicting the COVID-19 outbreak. Although this is a challenging task due to significant fluctuations of daily confirmed cases, the results achieved by MGGP are promising. To be more specific, the predicted confirmed cases are acceptably close to the observed values for seven countries considered in this study. Thus, MGGP is suggested for developing estimation models of COVID-19. Furthermore, similarities and differences between the proposed prediction models are presented. Finally, it is discussed why a country-based prediction model is recommended.


In order to explore the flame-retardation effects and characteristics of inorganic magnesium compounds as wood fire-retardant,cone calorimeter(CONE) and thermal gravity—differential scanning calorimeter analyzer(TG-DSC) were used to analyze the combustion properties,smoke-release properties,and carbonization characteristics of wood powder treated by three important inorganic magnesium compounds——magnesium hydroxide,hydrated magnesium chloride,and basic magnesium carbonate.Results showed that: all of these three magnesium compounds could reduce the heat release rate(HRR) and total smoke production(TSP) of wood,showing good flame-retardation and smoke-suppression effects.Three magnesium compounds exert their flame-retardation effects by different mechanism: magnesium hydroxide could release moisture at a time when wood is going to drastically pyrolyze,and produce melts to protect wood;hydrated magnesium chloride could retard or put out fire at both the solid stage and the gas stage;basic magnesium carbonate protects wood from fire by releasing incombustible gas;basic magnesium carbonate and hydrated magnesium chloride have synergistic flame-retardation and smoke-suppression effects.


• Page 1 of 4 • Citation: Paterick TE (2019) Variable Left Ventricular Dyssynergy in Recurrent Stress Induced Cardiomyopathy. Int Arch Cardiovasc Dis 3:018. doi.org/10.23937/2643-3966/1710018 Accepted: May 29, 2019; Published: May 31, 2019 Copyright: © 2019 Paterick TE. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


. Let A be a quasi–hereditary algebra, and F (∆) the set of A –modules which have a filtration by standard modules. Since F (∆) has almost split sequences, the usual techniques of representation theory can be adapted. The topics which we consider are Brauer– Thrall I, the structure of stable components, the non–existence of sectional cyclic paths, and, for F (∆) finite, hammocks. In contrast to a complete module category, the composition of irreducible maps along a sectional path may be zero, and even if F (∆) is finite, certain bimodules of irreducible maps may have arbitrarily large dimension. Let A be an artin algebra. We will consider (finitely generated left) A –modules, maps between A –modules will be written on the right hand of the argument, thus the composition of the maps f : M 1 → M 2 , g : M 2 → M 3 will be denoted by fg. The category of all A –modules will be denoted by A –mod.


This project designed and developed a novel in vitro model of the haematopoietic stem cell niche. Components of the endosteal niche and the perivascular niche, essential in the bone marrow haematopoietic stem cell niche microenvironment, were integrated in a single platform using a multiphasic approach that combined melt electrospun written scaffolds with starPEG-heparin hydrogels. Haematopoietic stem cell response was analysed after 3D co-culture with the tissue engineering niches.


Can one write "a short history" of religion in American politics? Probably not, and Frank Lambert doesn't really try. Rather, he focuses chronologically on "some of the public moments when religion and politics have intersected" (10). The eight moments emphasized are the Founding, the era of the Second Great Awakening, the Gilded Age, the fundamentalist/modernist controversy, the New Deal and Cold War, the civil rights era, the rise of the Religious Right, and the reply of the Religious Left. In each period, Lambert "examines moral issues within specific contexts" and "addresses the character and composition of the prevailing religious pluralism, the coalition or coalitions that emerge to give voice to a moral vision in the political arena, and the political expression of that vision" (10). Thus, Lambert makes no claims to the comprehensive review implied in the main title. And indeed, various readers will question the omission of the Prohibition movement, the interwar peace movement, and other favorites in American political history. Still, the episodes examined certainly include some major intersections of religion and political life, and they afford Lambert an opportunity to pursue several themes from the time of the Founding to the present. This approach has both strengths and weaknesses. As an introduction to formative periods and issues in the confluence of religion and American politics, the book succeeds admirably. Each episode is treated as a coherent whole, but is also placed within the larger historical themes of competing religious (and secular) views of political life. The reader is introduced to important actors and arguments and, after reading this volume, will have enough direction to pursue further investigation. The book is also a joy


The paper reviews the literature on brand personality with an emphasis on the methodological issues involved in developing measurement scales. Numerous studies on brand personality were sourced from well-known databases such as 'EBSCO host' and 'science direct' and were subjected to a thorough content analysis. The study reviews the personality studies of brand in general and retail brand in particular. The study reveals that the brand personality studies used human personality as a metaphor. The study compares the dimensions of brand personality with human personality dimensions. The study also finds several conceptual and methodological limitations such as the small sample size and lack of rigorous validation associated with developing the brand personality construct. This is the first study to undertake an extensive literature review on brand personality construct development. The outcomes add valuable insights to the present knowledge of brand personality.


Barry Wayne McCovey, a Yurok member of the Tribal Fisheries Department writes "civilization will come and go, but the river will remain" (Barry, 2018) adding to the many voices that surged against the rotting images of Salmon on the Klamath river - the fish kills of 2002. The Klamath River forms an indispensable part of the native life, and for McCovey and all others in his community, the Klamath defines their origin, identity, sustenance and a spiritual connection. The tragedy of 2002 fish kills not only killed thousands of Salmons but also marked an inconceivable damage to the indigenous lives. Theresa May, a theatre artist and scholar, along with a group of committed collaborators created a community-based play named Salmon is Everything. This issue-engaged play speaks from the perspective of natives, the ones often overlooked in mainstream literature. Salmon is Everything (2014) is an attempt to create an alternative written documentation in order to preserve the Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK). This study also focuses on how far the genre of community theatre awakens Eco-consciousness. This would also address the question whether this artistic form becomes a tool to reclaim a neo-indigenous narrative? Lastly, this paper also encompasses ways in which community theatre becomes a strategy to secure Indigenous Futurity.


The present invention, to obtain a brazing material composed mainly of Mo does not use a rare metal is Ru. Is (1 to 3.5) wt% C- (1 to 3.5) wt% B- remaining Mo brazing material (26, 27) made of a. Vane, a negative electrode structure, the center rod, the end-hat, the cathode filament


The paper is devoted to the controversial issues of criminal liability for violating the secrecy of correspondence, telephone conversations, postal, telegraph and other messages based on the analysis of Russian legislation, generalization of judicial practice and experience of foreign countries. The author explains the concept and content of communication secrecy, examines its correlation with other types of legally protected information, provides a criminal legal assessment of the dissemination of mutual correspondence without the consent of one of the addressees, and considers a sign of insignificance of the act in relation to encroachments on constitutional human rights. Telecommunications secrecy is defined as any information transmitted using wired, radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems, to which access is restricted in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, other regulatory legal and local acts. It is proposed to consolidate the provision that only a person who is not the addressee of negotiations, correspondence and other messages can bear criminal responsibility for violating the secrecy of communication. The rules of qualification of the violation of the secrecy of communication are formulated in conjunction with the crimes in the field of computer information, as well as with the illegal receipt and disclosure of information constituting a trade secret. It is noted that Part 2 of Article 138 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation should be supplemented with the provision listing qualifying signs of the use of information and telecommunication networks by a person and about unauthorized access to the critical infrastructure of the Russian Federation. The author criticizes the refusal of the courts to recognize the violation of the secrecy of communication as an insignificant act only because of the special significance of the object of criminal law protection. A rule is established to eliminate competing criminal law norms concerning exemption from liability for violating the secrecy of communication by applying the article of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which is the most favourable for the person who committed the crime. In conclusion, the author proposes a new version of the article of the criminal law on violation of the secrecy of correspondence, telephone conversations and other telecommunication messages that provides for the composition of a crime with administrative prejudice.


Title: A MELODY FAVORED BY BEETHOVEN IN BALLET, CONTREDANSE, VARIATIONS, AND A SYMPHONIC FINALE Jessica M. Abbazio, M.A., 2010 Directed By: Professor Richard Wexler, Department of Musicology During the transition to his heroic period, Ludwig van Beethoven employed Classical era ideas in an experimental way that led to the discovery of his personal style. Beethoven's transition to the heroic style was marked by desire to compose music in what he referred to as a "new way." The refinement of his novel and complex heroic style occurred through technical experimentation with an idea known in this thesis as the Eroica Theme. In Opus 43, Die Geschopfe des Prometheus, WoO 14, Zwolf Contretanze fur Orchester, Opus 35, Funfzehn Variationen (Es-dur) mit einer Fuge fur Klavier, and Opus 55, Symphonie Nr. 3, "Sinfonia eroica," Beethoven built upon and expanded this idea to test the limits of its structural potential as symphonic material. Beethoven's use and manipulation of the Eroica Theme provides us with insight into the compositional process through which Beethoven developed his signature heroic style. A MELODY FAVORED BY BEETHOVEN IN BALLET, CONTREDANSE, VARIATIONS, AND A SYMPHONIC FINALE


Inter‐tidal zone survey methods are varied and have progressed with the advancement of survey technology. The most significant features of a method are its restrictions on the topography to which it can be applied and the efficiency of the transition from fieldwork to processing or mapping of the dataset. This paper provides details of a GPS backpack method, indicates it is well matched with the altitude measurements obtained by the real‐time kinematical positioning technique, and contrasts it to the use of echo‐sounders when the littoral zone is submerged. A comparison of the results obtained by the tideline tracing method, varying by at least 20 cm, indicates that echo‐sounder measurements were less accurate with poorer resolution, and more laborious in mapping the topography of the littoral region. In the inter‐tidal zones inside Taichung Harbour and off the Pali coast, where gentle beaches have wide, flat low tide terraces crossed by a series of longshore bars and runnels, the tideline tracing method successfully provided topographical data on the centimetre scale. This method sampled denser data points distributed on the local slope, such as the slopes off the berm and the terrace in Taichung Harbour being all clearly defined with the gradients around 3–7°.


Licensing requirements result in analyses of design-basis accidents to show that they lead to acceptable consequences. In the past, although more severe accidents could be postulated, they were not required to be analyzed deterministically because it was assumed they were precluded by design features or required combinations of failures that were judged too improbable to be of concern. The objective of the present study, performed for the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), was to analyze reactivity accidents that are beyond design basis, to either reconfirm or bring into question previous judgments on those selected for analysis. This was, in part, motivated by the accident at Chernobyl. The reactivity accident of concern in this paper is an over-pressurization event caused by the closure of steam-line valves in a boiling water reactor (BWR). In the present study, events were analyzed for a BWR/4 using the Brookhaven National Laboratory plant analyzer. The results show that the initial power surge due to the overpressurization event is not excessive, but that because of the postulated failures, the power following this surge can remain high and oscillate. To have rapid fuel damage it was found necessary to postulate failures of reactor trip and all SRVs, amore » situation with an expected frequency much less than that for the design-basis accident. Because of the large pressures needed to make the transient autocatalytic, it is also necessary to assume that the system can withstand the pressure.« less


Biometric systems are increasingly replacing traditional password- and token-based authentication systems. Security and recognition accuracy are the two most important aspects to consider in designing a biometric system. In this paper, a comprehensive review is presented to shed light on the latest developments in the study of fingerprint-based biometrics covering these two aspects with a view to improving system security and recognition accuracy. Based on a thorough analysis and discussion, limitations of existing research work are outlined and suggestions for future work are provided. It is shown in the paper that researchers continue to face challenges in tackling the two most critical attacks to biometric systems, namely, attacks to the user interface and template databases. How to design proper countermeasures to thwart these attacks, thereby providing strong security and yet at the same time maintaining high recognition accuracy, is a hot research topic currently, as well as in the foreseeable future. Moreover, recognition accuracy under non-ideal conditions is more likely to be unsatisfactory and thus needs particular attention in biometric system design. Related challenges and current research trends are also outlined in this paper.


Biodiversity of butterflies in Mandagadde of Shivamogga of Karnataka carried out. Many butterfly species are strictly seasonal and prefer only a particular set of habitats and they are good indicators in terms of anthropogenic disturbances and habitat destruction. The richness and diversity of butterfly species is proportional to the food plant diversity, richness of flowers and intensity of rainfall. Unfortunately, butterflies are threatened by habitat destruction and fragmentation almost everywhere. A total of 52 species of butterflies belonging to 5 families were recorded during the study period. Among the 5 families, Nymphalidae dominated the list with 23 species, Paplionidae with 9 species, Pieridae and Lycaenidae with 8 species each and Hesperidae with 4 species. It is found that 9 species of butterflies are very common, 26 species are common and 17 species are rare in occurrence in Mandagadde.


A novel approach to Machine Translation (MT), called Shake-and-Bake, is presented, which exploits recent advances iLL Computational Linguistics in terms of tile increased spread of lexicMist unification-based grammar theories. It is argued that it overcomes some difficulties encountered by transfer and interfingual methods. It offers a greater modularity of the monolingual components, which can be written with independence of each other, using purely monofinguM considerations. These are put into correspondence by means of a bilingual lexicon. The Shake-and-Bake approach for MT consists of parsing the Source Language in any usual way, then looking up the words in the bilinguM lexicon, and finally generating from tile set of translations of these words, but allowing the Target Language grammar to instantiate tile relative word ordering, taking advantage of the fact that the parse produces lexical and phrasal signs which are highly constrained (specifically in the semantics). TILe main algorithm presented for generation is a variation on the well-known CKY one used for parsing. A toy bidirectional MT system was written to translate between Spanish and Enghsh, and some of the entries are shown.


In recent years the advancement in technologies has led to the creation of platforms, apps and websites, which became more and more popular after the financial crisis hit the world's economy and companies hired less. A new economy arose, the so-called Gig economy: people would no longer be hired directly from a company, but as free lancers working mainly on web-based platforms. Along with these two trends, the landscape became more and more complicated because of the progress being made towards automation.


We report the comparison studies of molecular beam epitaxial growth of AlGaAs/Ge/GaAs heterostructures on differently oriented GaAs substrates. We have investigated the molecular beam epitaxial growth of Ge on GaAs, and GaAs and AlGaAs on Ge epitaxial layers with the aim of obtaining device‐quality interfaces of AlGaAs and GaAs epilayers on Ge which are free of antiphase domains. Our results show that the junctions grown on (311)B oriented substrates have better electrical characteristics than those grown on (100) oriented substrates. This is due to the absence of antiphase domains and less interface charge in heterostructures grown on (311)B substrates.


Exenteration of an eye causes massive disfigurement and psychologic as well as social embarrassment as facial appearance is severely crippled. Prosthetic rehabilitation of such patients, if done meticulously, will improve the appearance as well as their self confidence. This case report describes an orbital prosthesis fabricated to rehabilitate a patient with exenteration of right eye, with the most economical material and easily available technique. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i2.6585 Health Renaissance 2012; Vol 10 (No.2); 144-146


The manual diagnosis for the diseases of agricultural crops is often restricted by the individual ability and experiences so that one cannot obtain the precise results of diagnosis.To overcome this pitfall,the merge of expert systems with the rich pathological knowledge and the utilization of pattern recognition algorithm can significantly improve the precision of diagnosis.Therefore,it greatly increases the quantity and the quality of crop's production.A pattern recognition technique based on a multi-layer perceptron(MLP) neural network is applied to the diagnosis of soybean diseases.The MLP neural network,which is a novel and efficient feed-forward network,is based on the reflections of cortical neurons on the external stimulus and can be used to solve the problems of nonlinear inseparability.Firstly,nineteen typical symptoms of soybean diseases are collected,and then constructed to form an experimental sample set.Secondly,set up and train the MLP network model using back propagation algorithm.Finally,the test shows that the RBF model has high diagnosis precision and strong generalization ability.


I thought you may be interested to learn of the "value" of an acromioclavicular dislocation. Recently I saw a 22 year old Rugby player in my clinic who had been troubled for some time with anterior knee pain. An incidental finding on general examination uncovered a dislocated right acromioclavicular joint. He told me that this injury had occurred three years previously and he had been told that no surgical treatment was necessary.


In this paper, a novel voltage-bucking/boosting converter, named as KY buck-boost converter (i.e. 2D converter) is presented herein. Unlike the traditional buck-boost converter, this converter possesses fast transient responses, similar to the behavior of the buck converter with synchronous rectification. In addition, it possesses non-pulsating output current due to this converter always operating in the continuous current mode (CCM), thereby not only decreasing the current stress on the output capacitor but also reducing the output voltage ripple. The proposed converter is illustrated in details and some simulation and experimental results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed topology.


A novel morphological operator,called convolution morphological operator,based on the formation of convolution integral is presented.It employs multiplicative structuring element which different from the additive structuring element in classical morphological operator.Some properties of the convolution morphological operators are discussed.An automatic generation structured algorithm for morphological kernel is proposed.Experimental results prove that an new morphological filters which constructed by the new operators performance dominates those of classical operators for images buried in saltpepper,speckle and Gaussian noise.


In recent years, with the changes of international economic situation and social environment, the international capital flowing have been changing, such as the reducing of scope of capital flowing, adjusting interior structure of developed country, and increasing and fluctuating indirect investment greatly. The reasons are the change of economic strength of countries, abnormal change of exchange rate and stock market, rapid development of financial innovation, and the increase of power against monopoly. Facing new station of international capital flow and Chinese condition, we should adopt right measures including setting up keeping-up financial risk system and using going-out strategies.


The improvement of thermoelectric performance is very challenging, because the thermoelectric properties, the Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, and thermal conductivity are generally correlated with each other via a common physical quantity known as carrier concentration. In this study, we successfully achieved separate control of the thermoelectric properties of polycrystalline Ag2S using spatial-phase separation into low- and high-temperature phases using a configuration based on bottom heating and top measurement. We experimentally confirmed that the Seebeck coefficient was determined by the low-temperature phase at the top surface but the electrical resistivity was dominated by the high-temperature phase lying below the low-temperature phase. As a result, a high Seebeck coefficient ( ∼−650μVK−1 ) and low electrical resistivity ( ∼2mΩ cm ) were simultaneously observed over a broad temperature range (390 ∼ 440 K). This experimental discovery suggests a new concept for thermoelectric materials and devices.


This study assessed the influence of demographic characteristics on knowledge of cancer prevention among staff of Federal universities in North Central Zone, Nigeria. To achieve this purpose, ex-post facto research design was used. A total of 378 staff from seven federal universities in north central zone Nigeria with a population of 25,361 (twenty-five thousand three hundred and sixty-one) were selected through multi-stage sampling procedures. Finally, a sample of 378 was obtained. The reliability of instrument used for the study was 0.839. Out of the 378 copies of questionnaire distributed for data collection only 376 were found valid for analyses. Inferential statistics of Analysis of Variance was used to test the data collected. The results revealed that the staff of federal university had influence on knowledge, towards cancer prevention with p=0.000 at 0.05 level of significance. Based on the results it is concluded that, the demographic characteristics of Staff in federal universities of North-central Zone, Nigeria influence Knowledge of cancer prevention among staff in federal universities of North-central Zone, Nigeria. It was recommended that concerned agency should double effort in ensuring that federal university staff are knowledgeable about cancer and adequate intervention programmes such as inform of radio jingle, health education on improved practice towards avoidance of risk factors.


The sharp version of an inequality is deduced. This inequality has been applied in several papers for the study of Bessel functions. The basic tool of this work is the development of functions in function series.


Although there is considerable interest today in electroluminescent display devices, interest in this subject has varied greatly in the past. As far back as 1937 Destriau carried out experiments on phosphor powders and discovered that luminescence could be produced by the direct application of an electric field.3 Unfortunately his work was either ignored or looked upon with suspicion by the scientific community until 1950 when workers at the Sylvania Co. demonstrated that practical largetrea luminescent panels12 could be made, bsed on Destriau's work. The ensuing few years saw much activity as individuals at various laboratories undertook the study of electrically addressing such panels with the thought of flat-panel TV displays as their ultimate goal. The confidence tnd euphoria initially prevailing soon gave way to widespread pessimism as it became evident that some very difficult problems stood in the way. Aside from the fact that relatively high voltages were required to excite electroluminescent layers, the low average brightness obtained under pulsed or intermittent excitation when sequentially addressing elements seemed discouraging. In addition it was found that the addressing of selected elements by arrays of X-Y conductors caused excessive excitation of other elements, making the contrast of any image impractically low. Equally discouraging was the fact that the operating life of early layers was frequently only a few hundred hours.


In working on the neutralizing powers of the serum of rabbits immunized against the agent of herpes, the writers noticed some years ago (1) that salt solution suspensions of this material taken from the brains of rabbits dead of the disease rapidly lost virulence, upon incubation at 37.5°C. There was a distinct diminution of infectiousness within two or three hours, and often complete loss of virulence within five or six hours, the time period varying with the densities of the suspensions. Suspensions in which the amount to be inoculated into a rabbit (0.1 to 0.25 cc.) contained not more than three or four fatal doses—that is, dilutions of 1:16,000 according to the potency of the virus—were often completely inactivated within four or five hours, whereas heavier suspensions would last correspondingly longer, probably because of the presence of minute particles of brain material within which the herpetic agent was protected to some extent from the deteriorating influences active in the salt solution.


Introduction: It is known that better outcomes are related with longer periods of prone positioning (1 ) in the management of ADRS, but there is uncertainty about optimal time and complications associated with prolonged prone sessions. In our center we have five years of experience in prone positioning, guiding treatment duration with the improvement in oxygenation parameters. The primary outcome of this study is to evaluate the correlation between prone positioning time, related complications and mortality. Methods: Descriptive, retrospective study of 29 patients admitted in our center with severe ARDS treated with prone positioning between the years 2011 and 2014. The subjects were assigned into two groups: under 72 hours and over 72 hours of prone positioning. Relationship between in-hospital mortality, complications and prone positioning time was analyzed with logistic regression. Results: 15 patients were treated with prone positioning less than 72 hours and 14 for 72 hours or more. 3-fold risk of developing complications was found in patients treated for over 72 hours (RR: 3.1, p=0.037, IC (95%)= 1.07 – 9.02). Pressure ulcers were the most frequent complication. We didn´t find correlation between prone positioning time and in-hospital mortality in our groups. Conclusions: We found a higher relative risk for complications in the group over 72 hours of prone positioning, but with no repercussion in mortality. Because these complications are mild and don9t increase mortality, prolonged prone positioning might be considered as a safe alternative management in patients who show a constant improvement in gas exchange during severe ARDS. 1 Guerin C, et al. N Engl J Med 2013; 368:2159–2168.


Phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica (PPK) is a distinct and rare type of epidermal nevus syndrome characterized by coexisting nonepidermolytic organoid sebaceous nevus (SN) with one or more speckled lentiginous nevi (SLN). Atypical nevi including compound Spitz and compound dysplastic may manifest within regions of SLN. Patients with PPK, or similar atypical nevus syndromes, may be subject to a significant lifetime number of biopsies, leading to pain, scarring, anxiety, financial burden, and decreased quality of life. The current literature includes case reports, genetics, and associated extracutaneous symptoms of PPK, but use of noninvasive imaging techniques have not been explored. We aim to investigate the value of high‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in discriminating morphological features of pigmented lesions and nevus sebaceous within one patient with PPK.


The navigation problem is to direct the movement of vehicle so as to arrive at a given destination.The single model unscented filter gives better accuracy for non-linear navigation problems using unscented transform.But it fails to address noise variations in vehicle dynamics.Hence the multiple model filtering[3] is required to deal with both non-linearity and noise variations in vehicle movement.The interacting multiple model unscented filter(IMMUF) gives better navigation results compared to individual model filters like EKF ,UKF and IMM-EKF.In this paper, the Interacting multiple model unscented smoothing approach (IMMUS) which combines the estimates of two separately running forward and back ward IMMUF is introduced to improve navigation results.The simulation result proves that IMMUS approach provides better estimation accuracy compared to IMMUF and single model UKF. KeywordsGPS; INS; Interacting Multiple Model (IMM);Extended Kalman Filter(EKF); Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF);Unscented Two Filter Smoother(UTFS); Interacting Multiple Model Unscented Filter(IMMUF);Interacting Multiple Model Unscented Smoother(IMMUS)


Objective :To get knowledge of patients' attitude towards the first treatment in the community and their acceptance of it. Methods :A total of 600 outpatients from three community health service centers and two secondary hospitals were investigated. Results :Overall,most outpatients would like to accept the first treatment in the community. A total of 65.5% of patients believed that first treatment in the community was necessary and 62.33% of residents could accept it. But the patients with different age,education level and family income had different acceptance. The main reasons of their unwillingness to accept the first treatment in the community were lack of technical ability and insufficient drug,with the proportion of 67.26% and 52.74%,respectively. Conclusion :It is suggested to strengthen the guidance of residents' view of the first treatment in the community and develop practice of it by taking general practitioner system into consideration. It is also suggested to conduct the first treatment in the community in special population first and enlarge the population step by step. Strengthening the connection of medical insurance and essential medicine policy are also proposed.


Economical indigenous plants 3.p mountain areas In central hart of Taiwan was investigated., The area covers Wushe to Hehuan-shan (800-3,000 metets altitudes) on the west side of the Central Range Morphological characteristics and ecological status of the 82 species belonging to 33 families (Dicotyledon choripetalous plants,) were investigated. Of these plants 28 species are edible, and 66 species have been listed in medicinal herbs.


The stability of a leading edge vortex was studied using available flow visualization and velocity data. The development of a vortex can be envisioned to compose of three possible stages. During the initial stage, the shear layer and its associated vorticity immediately downstream from the apex coalesce to form a primary vortex core. During this stage the vortex flow resembles a forced vortex. When the primary core is sufficiently developed, the secondary vortex becomes a prominent perturbation along the leading edge. The induced cross flow instability leads to the formation of stable, co-rotating, streamwise vortex filaments in the separated shear layer. A second stage of development occurs where the straining field of the main vortex amplifies the secondary instability near the saddle point in-between a co-rotating shear layer vortex pair. This leads eventually to the formation of a secondary vortex core consisting of a series of vortices with an opposite sense of rotation to the primary core. A vortex system as such violates the circulation distribution criterion for helical flow stability, and the vortex becomes centrifugally unstable. If the growth rate of the instability is sufficiently fast compared with the convection rate, a third stage of development occurs over the wing. The expected result is an expansion of the vortex cross-section or vortex breakdown, with the circulation eventually re-establishing a stable distribution.


Abstract The presence of serum haemoglobin reactive protein (HRP) as an indicator of infection has been suggested. The serum HRP levels in varying groups of cattle were measured. A reference range, established on 233 cattle, of 0–10ώmol/1 (as methaemoglobin binding capacity) was used. Forty eight of 104 cows that had recently aborted had raised serum HRP levels. Of 37 cows that had recently aborted, 26 had a leucocyte picture typical of bacterial infection and 18 of these had raised serum HRP levels. Eleven cows with a normal leucocyte picture had normal serum HRP levels. Seventeen cattle, with clinical infection and leucocyte pictures typical of bacterial infection, all had raised HRP levels. Of 133 cattle in which infection was considered a possibility by the attending veterinarian, 53 had an abnormal leucocyte picture with a raised serum HRP level. The mechanisms of a raised serum HRP level are unknown but, at the clinical level, its association with pyogenic infection make it a useful test in the conf...


The concept of STEM-education today is the subject of research and interest among educators-practitioners, as a way to implement reforms in the field of education and improve teaching methods of natural sciences and mathematics. The article describes the method of organizing professional development of teachers within the STEM field and their continuing education at the Ternopil Regional Municipal Institute of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education. Foreign and domestic approaches and concepts of STEM implementation in educational institutions are analyzed. In order to study and adapt the model of STEM-education as an approach to integrated learning in educational activities, an analytical study was conducted. The SWOT-analysis allowed to determine the hierarchy of positioning opportunities and threats of STEM education in the relevant matrices and to identify strategies for using strengths to realize opportunities and prevent threats, as well as to identify recommendations for the implementation of these strategies. The educational environment is analyzed and the system of measures for the development of STEM-competencies of teachers in the period of professional development is proposed. The proposed model provides a combination of formal (training sessions with STEM elements provided by the curriculum), non-formal (events in educational and research institutions) and informal education (self-education, scientific contacts, unscheduled casual conversations about STEM-education). The emphasis is placed on the fact that the implementation and development of STEM-education requires the preparation of an appropriate learning environment and improvement of the pedagogical system. An effective way to test the effectiveness of innovation in the education system is an experiment or research work. There was described for the formative stage of the innovative educational experiment of the regional level on the topic of "ECO-school" for the formation of environmentally safe STEM-educational environment in educational institutions of Ternopil region.


PURPOSE: A device and a method for managing a dormant state of a wireless packet data system are provided to allow a BSC(Base Station Controller) to easily manage terminals in the dormant state, though traffic through IP(Internet Protocol) network exceeds the volume of voice call, and re-connect to a prior PPP(Point-to-Point Protocol) connection point. And the device and method prevents influence on services of other BSC though an error is generated in one BSC. CONSTITUTION: A BMP(BSC Master Processor,210) registers incoming call information according to a call setup procedure of a corresponding terminal in a DS-DB(Dormant State-DataBase,216) by a first packet service request, to transmit dormant information when the terminal enters a dormant state. A DDC(Dormant-state Database management Control,226) in an ATP(Air Termination Processor,220) registers received dormant information in a PL-Tbl(Pointer Lookup Table,226-2) to manage the registered dormant information.


Asst. Director, ARD (Microbiology), Institute of Animal Health & Veterinary Biologicals(R&T), 37, Belgachia Road, Kolkata 700037, West Bengal, India. 2 Professor, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, 37, Belgachia Road, Kolkata700037,West Bengal, India. 3 Director of Medical Education, Government of West Bengal, Swastha Bhavan, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. * Corresponding author. e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. ABSTRACT: Liver is considered as the main internal organ related with various aspects of digestion and restoration of sound health by many tribal and non tribal rural people of West Bengal, India. Information related with use of various plant parts for protection and stimulation of liver were collected from three southern districts of West Bengal, India with different agro-climatic conditions viz. Paschim Medinipur, Purba Medinipur, and Murshidabad. A total of nineteen plants and combinational use of another three plants are identified and the practiced methods of their uses with dose are documented and with the help of available literatures, the previously reported uses of these medicinal plants are analyzed in that perspective.


In September 2008, V.I. Arnold was awarded the prestigious Shaw Prize. This prize was established in 2002 by the Shaw Prize Foundation named after philanthropist Sir Run Run Shaw. Here we publish the lecture given by V.I. Arnold at the awards ceremony in Hong Kong and a short Autobiography (CV) prepared for this occasion. 2000 Math. Subj. Class. 00A99, 65P20.


Abstract Sol, gel, and total rubber were prepared by a method which avoided the effects of light and oxygen. The total rubber when stretched and exposed to an x-ray beam behaved like other specimens, and produced the characteristic crystal fiber pattern. Stretched sol rubber produced no evidence whatever of this pattern, even at 1000 per cent elongation. With stretched gel rubber, the pattern was formed above 100 per cent elongation and at 200 per cent was sharp and intense. The measurements of interplanar spacings agree excellently with the results reported recently by Lotmar and Meyer. A large, interplanar spacing of 54 A. U. was found in the unstretched gel. It was absent in the sol. Specimens of frozen sol, gel, and total rubber were examined with a cylindrical and with a flat-film camera to compare the spacings and intensities with those of stretched gel. Within experimental error, sol, gel, and total rubber produce similar patterns. The spacings are similar to those in stretched rubber, with the exc...


The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique has been used widely for purposes such as the construction of linkage maps, QTL analysis, evaluation of genetic diversity, and parentage tests. However, some minor bands of RAPD display a low reproducibility and low reliability. We describe a simple and efficient method for making minor RAPD bands clearer. The first step of this method is to synthesize primers with nucleotides (A, T, G, or C) added to the 3′-end of the original primer sequences. The second step is to perform PCR using them and their combinations with the original primer. The final step is to conduct an electrophoresis analysis. The target bands can be emphasized, and needless background bands can be eliminated. The resulting emphasized RAPD (e-RAPD) bands are clearer and show a higher reproducibility than the original bands. This method has four advantages. (1) The developed e-RAPD bands can be used directly for marker-assisted selection (MAS). (2) The amount of DNA in the target band can be increased and, as a result, conversion to an STS marker, if necessary, is easy. (3) There is a lower risk of missing polymorphisms than with conversion to a sequence-tagged site (STS) marker. (4) The method requires only primer synthesis and PCR, and thus after primer synthesis, the process can be completed within several hours. Easy, low-cost and time-saving detection system is a prerequisite for practical MAS for breeding purposes. For practical MAS, the method presented here using RAPD and conversion to e-RAPD is simpler and easier to apply than using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers or conversion to STS markers.


The invention provides an electrolyte capacitor which has a low ESR, exhibits excellent resistance to heat, and is highly reliable under high-temperature conditions. An electrolyte capacitor is configured to contain a conductive polymer, and a conductive auxiliary liquid having a conductivity that is lower than a normal electrolyte solution. The conductive auxiliary liquid is configured to contain a high-boiling-point organic solvent having a boiling point of 150 DEG C or higher, and an aromatic compound having at least one hydroxyl group. Preferably, the aromatic compound contains an aromatic compound having at least one carboxyl group or an aromatic compound having at least one nitro group, or contains an aromatic compound having at least one carboxyl group and an aromatic compound having at least one nitro group.


In recent years, information hiding technology has developed from the focus of verifying the authenticity into Internet communication as an effective means of enhancing its safety secretly. High transmission efficiency, low resource occupancy and intelligible meaning make text message as the most commonly used type of media in our daily communication. But, text message is difficult to hide secret information effectively and reliably because of its restriction of redundant information as well as the alterability in manual operation. This paper introduces the text steganography, an information hiding technology based on text message, and explores the application of Markov state transferring probability among the sequence of nature languages to achieve the purpose of text steganography in online communication. The above approach can realize information hiding in text message with the capability of immunity from regular operations, such as formatting, compressing and sometimes manual altering operation on its text attributes.


Thick disks have been observed in many disk galaxies and our Galaxy, the Milky Way, also presents a thick disk whose main spatial, kinematic, and chemical features of this population are well established. However, the origin of this ancient component is still unclear in spite the many studies carried out and several formation scenarios proposed until now. For the first time to our knowledge, we found evidence of a kinematics-metallicity correlation, of about 40–50 km s -1 per dex, amongst thick disk stars at 1 kpc z | < 3 kpc and with abundance −1 <[Fe/H]< −0.5. This finding sets important constraints on the origin of the thick disk in the context of CDM hierarchical galaxy formation mechanisms and of secular evolutionary processes in galactic disks. This result is reported and, preliminary results, based on new N-body high numerical resolution simulations of stellar disks endowed with a bulge inside a dark matter NFW halo, are presented.


Objective To discuss the new effective method to treat laryngeal lesion and its curative effect.Methods 75 cases of laryngeal mass were underwent the electrotomy with micro-pedestal laryngoscope.The follow-up was taken 3 month to 2.5 years.Results All patients were healed at first stage except 1 relapsed with vocal cord keratinization.Conclusion The electrotomy might be effective,economic and applied in clinic for laryngeal masses.


Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a universal epidemic that disperses among children with different ages' and adults. The current study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of fermented camel milk on progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by a high fat diet and high fructose water in rat. Forty-two male rats were divided into seven different groups. The first group was given a standard diet to serve as a negative control group. The second group was fed on a high fat diet and high fructose in water (HFDHFr) to induce fatty liver disease, and served as a positive control group. The remaining five groups were fed on HFDHFr in addition to oral administration of camel milk (CM), fermented camel milk (FCM) containing nonencapsulated probiotic bacteria, FCM containing microencapsulated probiotic without prebiotic, FCM containing microencapsulated probiotic and 1% ginger extract or FCM containing microencapsulated probiotic and 10% beetroot extract, respectively. After 60 days, activity of liver enzymes, insulin resistance, lipid profile (TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C), inflammation markers (TNF-α and NO) and oxidative stress (MDA, GSH and GSSG) were determined in serum of all rats' groups in addition to histopathological examination of liver tissue. Results revealed that oral administration of FCM containing microencapsulated probiotics with or without plant extract lowered the concentration of serum glucose, TNF-α, NO, TC, LDL-C, TG, MDA, GSSG, and the activity of liver enzymes. Furthermore, it significantly elevated HDL-C and GSH compared to positive control group. Moreover, histopathological examination showed that the group that was given FCM containing microencapsulated probiotics with beetroot extract was the nearest to negative control group followed by the group of FCM containing microencapsulated probiotics with ginger extract. It can be concluded that different tested treatments of FCM containing microencapsulated probiotics with plant extract reduced severity of fatty liver.


ABSTRACT Background: Pain is a common complaint among patients referring to the emergency department. This study aimed at comparing the effect of fentanyl and vitamin B12 to decrease the abdominal pain in patients who are addicted to oral opium. Methods: This study conducted a double-blind randomized clinical trial on patients addicted to oral opium during a one-year period. The effects of fentanyl and vitamin B12 were compared for the relief of abdominal pain in such patients. Results: The 136 patients studied had a mean age of 47.77 ± 13.6 years (mean ± SD). There was a significant difference in mean pain severity at 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 min (P < .05). The mean pain severity in the fentanyl group was significant at 30 min compared to the earlier times and showed a decreasing trend in pain severity (P < .05). This decreasing trend was observed up to 120 min for the fentanyl + vitamin B12 group, which showed a significant difference between each time and the time preceding it (P < .05). Conclusions: The proper and permanent control of abdominal pain experienced by patients addicted to oral opium is essential. The combined use of fentanyl and vitamin B12 is effective in reaching this goal.


This study examined the relation of reading ability, age, and familiarity tJ iconic and short-term memory processing and how the familiarity of the stimuli affects recall. A total of 10 children in grades 2 throw 6 and 10 adults were shown novel abstract forms, words, and Aon-words varying in order of approximation to English, for 50 msec., 500 msec., and 1,000 msec. Subjects were asked to recall either a row of items or as many of the items as possible. Tkee number of recall errors reported by adults and children of varying reading abilities were compared. The results revealed that reading ability and age had significant effect on memory processing when words and non-words were displayed. With non-words, differences were greater for letter sequences that closely resembled English. No differences in recall were found between reading abilities and age groups when abstract forms were displayed. The results cuggest that items in memory are primarily being coded phonologically rather than visually. (MDM) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** UAL DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) )(this document hes been reproduced as *cowed from the person or organization originating it 0 Minor changes hay* Ortron midi to unorov reproduction Quality Points of viow of opinions statiad in thiadocumant do not nacasaanly raomant Whoa! OERI position or policy The Relation of Age and Reading Ability to Memory Processing Alexa Marrach Texas Tech University Gary Fireman Texas Tech University Suggested running head: Reading ability and memory This paper was presented at the 60th meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, March 28, 1993. Correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed to Gary Fireman, Texas Tach University, Department of Psychology, Lubbock, TX 79409. "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY GO.N. TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."


We introduce a secure elliptic curve oblivious pseudorandom function (EC-OPRF) which operates by hashing strings onto an elliptic curve to provide a simple and efficient mechanism for computing an oblivious pseudorandom function (OPRF). The EC-OPRF protocol enables a semi-trusted server to receive a set of cryptographically masked elliptic curve points from a client, secure those points with a private key, and return the resulting set to the client for unmasking. We also introduce extensions and generalizations to this scheme, including a novel mechanism that provides forward secrecy, and discuss the security and computation complexity for each variant. Benchmark tests for the implementations of the EC-OPRF protocol and one of its variants are provided, along with test vectors for the original protocol.


The structure of a file-driven, programmable VHDL bus functional model (BFM) and its application for design verification within a simulation test bench is presented. The model emulates the behavior of a microprocessor bus interface to memory and I/O. An example implementation is shown for the Honeywell RH32 RISC microprocessor, although the generalized techniques can be applied to any microprocessor bus. The structure of the BFM is described in detail. A command language for the BFM is defined, including bus commands. The model provides the ability to perform board-level simulations with a high level of fidelity, without requiring a detailed model of the microprocessor being emulated. Additionally since the model is file driven, it supports stimulus file revisions and multiple versions without re-compilation of the VHDL testbench.


The articulation of consonant gemination in Buginese is to some extent different in continuants and in stops. Since the continuants s, r, /, ra, , and ng are produced with only partial or incomplete stricture of the articulatory cavities, their articulation, including the production of sound, can be continued for some time, and in gemination is continued for approximately twice as long as in non-geminated pronunciation. The articulation of stops involves a complete stricture of the oral and nasal cavities, which is released almost immediately after its onset in non geminated pronunciation, but is held approximately twice as long in gemination of the voiceless stops p, t, c, and k. In this case no sound is produced during the continuation of the stricture. A similar articulation would be expected for gemination of the voiced stops b, d, j, and g; but this is not normally the case in Buginese. Only sporadically is a pronunciation heard in which the stricture is briefly held before its release and at the same time the voicing is briefly continued. In normal practice, however, a glottal stop is added before the voiced stop instead, as was discovered by A.A.Cense and his Buginese assistants in the thirties. In accordance with these phonetic, articulatory facts, it has become accepted usage to indicate gemination of continuants and voiceless stops in romanized transcription with duplication of the single graphemes, and to provide voiced stops with a preceding glottal stop (indicated by an apostrophe here). In the case of the continuants and the voiceless stops, however, gemi nation is only one way of describing the facts. Some authors have argued that consonants which here are called 'geminated' consonants or 'gemi nates' in fact are prolonged or long consonants, and have either written them with a prolongation mark (n:, /?:, t:, etc.), or have treated them as a separate category of consonants, to be distinguished from the short ones, and accordingly have reproduced them with special graphemes ( , , T, etc.). From a strictly phonetic point of view there is no objection to such a procedure, because the phenomenon of continuation for twice the time of pronunciation of the single phoneme can in fact be described both as gemination (twice the same) and as lengthening. A practical objection is, however, that this way the consonant system is burdened with ten more consonant phonemes, or at the least with a special mark of prolongation. It is preferable, therefore, to consider these consonants not as long ones but as geminates, and to represent them in writing with double consonant characters. In a similar way, gemination of continuants and voiceless stops on the one hand, and preglottalization of voiced stops on the other, are two


It turns out that in the bivariate Black-Scholes economy Margrabe type options exhibit symmetry properties leading to semi-static hedges of rather general barrier options. Some of the results are extended to variants obtained by means of Brownian subordination. In order to increase the liquidity of the hedging instruments for certain currency options, the duality principle can be applied to set up hedges in a foreign market by using only European vanilla options sometimes along with a risk-less bond. Since the semi-static hedges in the Black-Scholes economy are exact, closed form valuation formulas for certain barrier options can be easily derived.


An early maturing indica TGMS rice line 6442S-7 has completely dominant earliness mainly controlled by two dominant major genes, but heading dates of F1 progenies of 6442S-7 crossed with some of medium or late maturing varieties were close to the mid-parent values under long day [see CRRN,2000, 8(3): 3- 4].In this study, an incompletely dominant suppressor for the dominant earliness of 6442S-7 was detected.


The properties of Nd∶glass rod lasers in the heat capacity operation,including the temperature and stress distributions,are simulated and compared with the conventional pumping and cooling scheme.It is shown that the heat capacity based lasers have the noticeable advantage over conventional lasers if very higi output energy within a short time is required.


In Turkey, it was claimed that social security system needed a reform due to an increase of its impact on the budget-economy, its transformation into a multi-layered structure in institutions and increasing complexity in terms of legislation and the first comprehensive step was taken in this direction with Unemployment Insurance Law numbered 4447 issued in 1999. However, the essential reform move was realized in 2006 and the following years (with the laws numbered 5510 and 5502). The realized social security reform is a very comprehensive move that can be examined from a variety of aspects such as health, retirement, impact on the budget, social security, and distribution relations. Therefore, in this study, the scope of the reform will be limited and it will be revealed how this social security reform draws a "woman" portrait, how it has a perspective on women and women's labor as well as how and where it positions the woman in society. In this context, the study suggests that social security reform in Turkey was carried out according to the neo-liberal orientation by means of a policy transfer and the social security coverage of women's labor was narrowly included in the scope of the social security.


The introduction of transcranial magnetic stimulation has allowed the study of conduction in the proximal portions and central pathways of the cranial nerves. A study is made of cranial nerve XII with transcranial magnetic stimulation at two levels, cortical and cisternal, registering the motor evoked potential by means of surface electrodes in contact with the upper face of the tongue. Motor evoked potentials were constantly observed on cortical stimulation, in a painless, easy, and reproducible way, with mean values of 10.84 ± 1.14 milliseconds (latency) and 7.81 ± 1.14 mV (amplitude). Motor evoked potentials were unconstant and showed reduced amplitues on cisternal stimulation, with mean values of 4.72 ± 0.62 milliseconds and 0.83 ± 1.26 mV. The magnetic stimulation technique allows the study of the entire motor pathway of cranial nerve XII (motor cortex-medulla, motoneuron-muscle). The method is efficient, noninvasive, painless, and easily reproduced, and it comes close to being an ideal clinical conduction study technique for this cranial nerve.


ELEVATED INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE (IOP) IS RECOGNIZED AS A SIGNIFIcant risk factor in the development of further vision loss in glaucoma patients. The IOP varies during the day, so single measurements in an ophthalmologist's office may not be representative of the peak diurnal IOP. Moreover, recently the variability of IOP from day to day has been suggested as a potential risk factor or as an additional risk factor for the progression of damage, although there are only limited data to support this hypothesis.2 We have performed home tonometry with a self-tonometer and found that in about half of treated glaucoma patients the peak IOP occurs outside normal office hours.3 Moreover, we have found that such peaks are associated with the progression of visual field loss.4 The clinical relevance of the range of diurnal IOP variation during the day has not been well explored, but it has been suggested as a risk factor for progression of damage.5 Recently, we have found that the variability of the diurnal IOP from day to day as opposed to the range within a day also seems to be a risk factor for the progression of glaucomatous damage independent of the peak IOP.2 Thus, it seems that to halt the progression of glaucoma damage, not only does


We read the article ''Association of Serum GammaGlutamyltransferase With Arterial Stiffness in Established Coronary Artery Disease'' written by Zhu et al with interest. The authors concluded that serum g-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity is independently associated with increased arterial stiffness measured by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in both males and females with established coronary artery disease (CAD). We believe that these findings will act as a guide for further studies that will assess arterial stiffness as a surrogate marker of endothelial dysfunction and its relationship with serum markers. Arterial stiffness indicates the viscoelastic properties of the vessel wall. It occurs as a result of atherosclerotic risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, or due to older age. Increased arterial stiffness is a common indicator of atherosclerotic involvement of the vascular structure indicating CAD, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease. It is a noninvasive method to assess endothelial dysfunction in clinical practice. g-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a widely measured serum enzyme and almost specifically shows biliary epithelial damage and generally excessive alcohol intake. g-Glutamyltransferase is released from many tissues such as liver, kidney, cerebrovascular endothelium, pericytes, and, as mentioned in the article, thrombocytes at the sites of atheromatous plaques. Later, it has been investigated as a marker of inflammation. It has been reported that GGT reduces Fe3þ to its bivalent form and oxidizes low-density lipoprotein in the extracellular space. A raised serum GGT activity in a patient leads us to think of a problem with biliary epithelium, cholestasis, or excessive alcohol usage. g-Glutamyltransferase itself without other inflammatory markers may not provide information to clinicians about the endothelial inflammation. So, we think that it should be evaluated together with other serum inflammatory markers. A second challenge is that further studies are needed to define the role of GGT as an inflammatory marker and its association with arterial stiffness in both healthy participants and patients with atherosclerotic disease. Finally, alcohol consumption is a leading cause of serum GGT elevation, as mentioned in the limitations of the study. Therefore, it might be useful if the authors provided information about their patients' alcohol consumption.


Abstract Radial dikes of Lyttelton Volcano, Banks Peninsula, New Zealand, are mainly hawaiite, with basalt, mugearite, and trachyte next in abundance. Spatial distribution of compositional types is not regular, one interpretation being that the proportion of trachyte increased with time. Analysis of dike numbers suggests there were 2000 near the volcanic centre, and <500 at the level of the eroded crater rim. Dikes have a blade shape with the long axis horizontal. Flow directions are dominantly along that axis with significant deviations up to 90° either side. Dike traces are marked by bends and offsets of as much as 125 m. Most dikes are <1.5 m thick, but they range up to 20 m. Thickness changes slowly horizontally outwards, but quickly vertically; many dikes thicken upwards to the point where they feed flows and domes, or have been cut off by penecontemporaneous erosion. Dikes played a major role in the construction of the volcano, probably a continuous role. A modern analogue is Etna.


An inner emigré means one who has left his native country, especially for political reasons. Heaney has moved from Northern Ireland which still belongs to the British territory to Southern Ireland escaping the political turmoil and discrimination. In Heaney's case, his diaspora was due to the fact that he belonged to Catholic minority of Ulster. And the reason Heaney can be referred to as an inner emigré is that Heaney didn't want to belong to any side, identifying himself with Sweeney, a legendary wanderer as a king. And besides, there seems to be a common reason that great Irish poets cannot but live as an inner emigré since Irish Catholic nationalism, as well as insoluble strifes, might entrap them in narrow localism. This paper investigates how the speaker of the poems, or Heaney as an inner emigré, is depicted in his poems, primarily considering that he belonged to Catholic minority of Ulster.


This paper relates the genesis of three economic-demographic planning models for Peru Venezuela and Colombia. It describes the common history that led to their development...and the uses to which they were put. It attempts to compare the nature of the three models and address specific criticisms which have been directed at them. Broader applications of the models are considered (EXCERPT)


Geozoological methods a厂mineral exploration involve the use o厂animals either indirectly or directly. The author reviews how various marnmals,厂ish and insects can be used in searching和。minerals. He describes in particular how dogs and termites con be used as voluntary and involunta即 '了ield assistants". The ideas presented here will assist in bringing to the attention o厂research workers a very neglected厂ield a厂mineral exploration.


Abstract In terms of our national identity, who we are and are judged to be in a particular context depends on how well our claims are regarded by those around us. Being considered not 'one of us' means being an outsider whether one wants to be or not. National identity may lead ultimately to social inclusion or exclusion. Using mainly 2005 survey data, this paper explores cultural markers such as ethnicity, birthplace, residence, accent and ancestry regarding claims to be 'Scottish'. It shows that being born in Scotland enables people to make claims and to have them accepted. Claims to be Scottish by a white and a non-white person on the basis of various markers are received in much the same way. The cultural markers which people use to judge claims represent the raw materials of identity differences with the potential to become the basis of social exclusion under appropriate conditions.


Objective: To analyze CT features of gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST) and explore the value of multi-slice CT(MSCT) in diagnosis of GIST.Methods: A total of 15 cases with GIST confirmed by means of pathology and immunohistochemistry were collected.The manifestations of GIST on plain and dual-phase contrast enhanced CT were analyzed,and among the total,MPR was performed in 5 cases.Results: Among the 15 cases,9 cases were located in stomach,5 in small intestine and duodenum,1 in both stomach and duodenum;the lesions showed mainly as round or oval in shape,predominate extraluminal growth of tumor made a large proportion.4 cases were benign among the 15 cases,3 cases were less than 5 cm in diameter,with distinct margin,homogenous density,and even enhancement;9 cases were malignant,mixed density with cystic necrosis,in contrast enhanced scan,remarkable enhancement was seen in the parenchyma of the tumor,while no enhancement was revealed in the necrosis and cystic area of the tumor;1 case with metastases of liver;2 cases were borderline tumors,the diameter were 3.6 cm and 4.3 cm differently.Conclusion: MSCT can show the characteristic of GIST and the adjacent structure of the lesion,it plays an important role in the localization and in diagnosis of GIST,it is also helpful to instruct the clinical treatment.


Contemporarily, Analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is widely used in our daily life, e.g. and the function of ADC is to convert input analog signals into output digital signals. With the development of integrated circuits, the demand for high performance comparators has been increased. High performance stands for lower delay, less power consumption and fewer offset and kickback noise. This review is based on the progress of optimized solution in the comparator and a series of optimization schemes. Specifically, this perspective compares conventional single tail structure, conventional double tail structure with a series of derivative optimization solutions which focus on power consumption and delay. Based on our analysis by information retrieve, the performances of comparators are optimized by performing better process technology increasing positive feedback. However, reducing kickback noise and offset without reducing reliability and performance is still challenging in the future. These results shed light the kickback noise and offset issues require urther optimization.


The magnetism at the poles is similar to that of the quiet Sun in the sense that no active regions are present there. However, the polar quiet Sun is somewhat different from that at the activity belt as it has a global polarity that is clearly modulated by the solar cycle. We study the polar magnetism near an activity maximum when these regions change their polarity, from which it is expected that its magnetism should be less affected by the global field. To fully characterise the magnetic field vector, we use deep full Stokes polarimetric observations of the 15 648.5 and 15 652.8 Å FeI lines. We observe the north pole as well as a quiet region at disc centre to compare their field distributions. In order to calibrate the projection effects, we observe an additional quiet region at the east limb. We find that the two limb datasets share similar magnetic field vector distributions. This means that close to a maximum, the poles look like typical limb, quiet-Sun regions. However, the magnetic field distributions at the limbs are different from the distribution inferred at disc centre. At the limbs, we infer a new population of magnetic fields with relatively strong intensities (~600−800 G), inclined by ~30° with respect to the line of sight, and with an azimuth aligned with the solar disc radial direction. This line-of-sight orientation interpreted as a single magnetic field gives rise to non-vertical fields in the local reference frame and aligned towards disc centre. This peculiar topology is very unlikely for such strong fields according to theoretical considerations. We propose that this new population at the limbs is due to the observation of unresolved magnetic loops as seen close to the limb. These loops have typical granular sizes as measured in the disc centre. At the limbs, where the spatial resolution decreases, we observe them spatially unresolved, which explains the new population of magnetic fields that is inferred. This is the first (indirect) evidence of small-scale magnetic loops outside the disc centre and would imply that these small-scale structures are ubiquitous on the entire solar surface. This result has profound implications for the energetics not only of the photosphere, but also of the outer layers since these loops have been reported to reach the chromosphere and the low corona.


Using the pumpkin as material,the anhydrous ethanol as extracting agent,using ultrasound assisted to extract experiment.By single factor and response surface analysis experiment,investigating the process parameters and effects of ultrasonic assisted way to extract pumpkin pigments,the experimental results demonstrated the best technical conditions of extracting pumpkin pigment is:ultrasonic power at 70% W,ultrasonic time at 46min,ultrasonic temperature at 70℃ and material liquid ratio at 19:1.


Many social interactions (examples are market overreactions, high rates of acquisitions, strikes, wars) are the result of agents' overconfidence. Agents are in particular overconfident for difficult tasks. This paper analyzes overconfidence in the context of a statistical estimation problem. The authors find that it is rational to (i) be overconfident and (ii) to be notably overconfident if the task is difficult. The counterintuitive finding that uninformed agents which should be the least confident ones show the highest degree of overconfidence can be explained as a rational behavior.


The present disclosure is directed to a plasticizer composition. 0 from a composition comprising acetylated glycerides (Agha) castor oil-free 12-hydroxystearic acid having a hydroxyl number of less than 15 is provided. Application of the castor oil-free AGHA is a wire and the coating of the cable.


In this paper, we show that the sequential logit (SL) model, in which a choice process is characterized as a sequence of independent multinomial logit models, is a limiting case of the nested logit (NL) model. For testing the SL model against the NL model, we propose Wald, likelihood ratio and Lagrange multiplier tests after suitably reparameterizing the NL model. It is found that when the NL model parameters are "weakly identified", the Wald test severely underrejects the true model, whereas the sizes of the LR and LM tests are not significantly affected.