Polarized piezoreflectance (PzR) and photoreflectance (PR) are employed to study band alignment in Ga0.46In0.54Ny P1–y /GaAs heterostructures grown by gas‐source molecular‐beam epitaxy. The features near the band edge of Ga0.46In0.54Ny P1–y show strong polarization dependence, indicating the existence of some degree of ordering of these samples. The PR spectra exhibit Franz–Keldysh Oscillations (FKOs) above the band edge of GaAs. The electric fields in the GaAs region are evaluated by analyzing the FKOs and found to decrease with increasing nitrogen content. The type‐II band alignment at the Ga0.46In0.54Ny P1–y /GaAs interface is concluded for the alloys with nitrogen content y larger than 0.5% based on the appearance of additional features below band edge of GaAs. These features are attributed to the spatially indirect type‐II transitions in the vicinity of interface region between Ga0.46In0.54Ny P1–y and GaAs. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Abstract Anthropogenic activities have lead to the accumulation of toxic and hazardous waste materials, such as dyes and heavy metals, into the environment. The entry of these waste materials into ...


This study tests a deep-seated implantable ultrasonic pulser-receiver powered wirelessly by magnetic coupling. The energy-transmitting coil, which wraps around the body, is driven at 5.7 MHz using 1.2A to generate a magnetic field. A 2 cm receiving coil is positioned at the center of the primary coil for powering the implantable device. A capacitor-diode voltage multiplier is used to step-up the receiving coil voltage from 12.5V to 50V to operate an ultrasonic pulser. FEA magnetic field simulations, bench top and ex-vivo rabbit measurements showed that the magnetic energy absorption in body tissue is negligible, and that the magnetic coupling has low sensitivity to receiving coil placement. The receiving coil and the implantable circuit do not contain ferromagnetic material so an MR-compatible device can be achieved. A 5-MHz ultrasound transducer operating in pulse-echo mode is used to test the circuit. Received echoes are amplified, envelope-detected, frequency-modulated, and transmitted out of the body by radio wave. The modulated echo envelope was received by an external receiver located approximately 10cm away from the primary coil. The study establishes the feasibility of a deep-seated implantable ultrasonic pulser-receiver powered by coplanar magnetic coupling.


Currently, the most promising source of energy is the energy of the Sun.

The purpose of the study was to establish the dependence of the power generated by the element of the solar photoelectric converter (SPС) on the angle of incidence of the sun's rays.

The scientific novelty consists in substantiating the effectiveness of using SPС positioning systems relative to the sun to increase the efficiency of converting solar energy into electrical energy.

A study was conducted of three types of silicon SPC of the same manufacturer of the same power, which were located at the same angle in cloudy weather. It was established that the single-crystal SPC generates more power than other types of SPC. The influence of the angle between the sun's rays and the surface of the SPC on the generated power was investigated. It was established that the most effective operation of the SPC occurs when the module is fully illuminated and the sun's rays fall perpendicularly on the module. The data obtained were analyzed and it was established that for the effective operation of the SPC there is no need for constant movement of the tracker following the Sun, since it is sufficient to turn the tracker by 20° in the direction of rotation The sun in the case of leaving the zone in which the power produced by the SPC is unchanged.

 The operating curves of the graphs are used to determine the parameters that will provide effective control of the SPС position, which will help operators or technicians to select the optimal position of the SPС depending on the position of the sun. The obtained results can be used for all SPСs of the single-crystal type.


IS THE RULE NECESSARY? (Y/N) IS THE RULE OBSOLETE? (Y/N) CAN THE RULE BE MODIFIED TO REDUCE REGULATORY BURDEN OR ELIMINATE PAPERWORK? DOES THE RULE OVERLAP, DUPLICATE OR CONFLICT WITH ANY OTHER STATE RULES? WHETHER A LESS RESTRICTIVE, MORE NARROWLY TAYLORED, OR ALTERNATIVE RULE COULD ACCOMPLISH THE SAME PURPOSE. DOES THE RULE CONFLICT WITH FEDERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENTAL RULES? (Y/N) IF YES, PLEASE PROVIDE RULE NUMBER AND A BRIEF EXPLANATION DOES THE RULE NEED AMENDMENT OR RECISSION TO REDUCE REGULATORY BURDENS ON INDIVIDUALS, BUSINESS OR POLITICAL SUBDIVISION OR TO REDUCE UNNECSSARY PAPERWORK? (Y/N) DOES THE RULE INCORPORATE A TEXT OR OTHER MATERIAL BY REFERENCE? (Y/N) IF YES, DOES THE MATERIAL MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF 536.031? (Y/N) DOES THE RULE AFFECT SMALL BUSINESS? (Y/N) FOR RULES AFFECTING SMALL BUSINESSES: DOES THE PUBLIC PURPOSE OR INTEREST FOR ADOPTING JUSTIFY THE CONTINUING EXISTANCE OF THE RULE? WERE COMMENTS RECEIVED? (Y/N)


This report describes an ongoing longitudinal study in Kauai (Hawaii) begun in 1955, which is following the course of all births to adulthood and assessing the long-term consequences of perinatal complications and adverse child-rearing conditions. Specifically reported is a subset of data on 22 children (diagnosed as having learning disabilities by age 10) who were assessed at birth and again at ages 1, 2, 10, 18, and 32. The individuals with learning disabilities were found to have: (1) a higher proportion of perinatal complications and congenital defects, and poorer ratings by parents and pediatricians at ages 1 and 2; (2) significantly greater involvement between the ages of 10 and 18 with community agencies and special educational services, though only half received special assistance; (3) generally poor outcomes at age 18, with few differences between learning-disabled subjects who received or did not receive special services. However, by age 32, the life course of most subjects had considerably improved, with less than 10 percent having criminal records and/or mental health problems; marriage, divorce, and employment rates similar to those of the cohort as a whole (though 80 percent were employed in semi-skilled jobs); and none on public welfare. Possible protective factors were identified and grouped into,four clusters: temperamental characteristics, skills, and values; characteristics and caregiving styles of the parents; presence of supportive adults; and opening of opportunities at major life transitions. (Contains 16 references.) (DB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************


A new Lactobacillus isolated from dried cow dung using a medium containing xylose as a sole carbon source is described. The strains of the species are heterofermentative, contain meso-diaminopimelic acid in cell wall peptidoglycan, and actively ferment pentoses more than hexoses. Heterofermentative lactobacilli which contain meso-diaminopimelic acid in cell wall peptidoglycan have not been reported so far and, therefore, the isolate should be classified into a new species and was named Lactobacillus vaccinostercus KOZAKI and OKADA sp. nov.


Mr. Jimmy Lai, President of Taiwan Next Magazine, claims that the Next Weekly's editorial policy is based on the needs of its customers. He often stated that "Giving the audience what they want". This notion can only reflect in paritial facts within some cost constraint. More specifically, the audience could only get what they want if they are willing to pay the costs. The result of this study indicated that there were many external costs generated by Taiwan Next Magazine to its news subjects, according to the theory of the verdicts in "Law and Regulations Retrieving Systems". In the conclusion, the market eventually could not satisfy completely and provide exactly what the audience need.


OBJECTIVE
To report a conservative treatment of a rare developmental anomaly.

CASE REPORT
A 73-year-old patient with previously initiated therapy and acute apical abscess of a maxillary right central incisor fused with the supernumerary tooth sought treatment. The conservative approach included nonsurgical root canal treatment and composite restoration.

CONCLUSION
This case illustrates the importance of an individual approach when treating anomalous teeth. Priorities in pain and infection management to properly and functionally restore teeth should be unaffected by age.


This community service activity aims to provide training on how to produce organic mushrooms and increase public insight about the prospects and business opportunities of oyster mushrooms. In the implementation of this community service, there are several methods or forms of activities that will be carried out and suitable for solving various problems in service activities, including lecture and practice methods. In this community service, target audiences who are considered strategic to be involved in this community service activity are mushroom farmers and people who are interested in cultivating mushrooms. This mushroom business has good prospects because there is public awareness of the benefits and nutritional value contained in mushrooms so that the interest in the community to consume mushrooms increases and affects the demand for mushrooms. If this agribusiness can be continued and developed properly, it will have an effect on increasing the income of the people of Pekanbaru City


Aims An excessive production of aldosterone influences outcome in patients with heart 37 failure (HF) and in obese patients. Findings from laboratory studies suggest that chronic 38 aldosterone blockade maybe more beneficial in abdominally obese HF prone rats. In the 39 current study, we investigated if the clinical response to a mineralocorticoid receptor 40 antagonist in mildly symptomatic HF patients varied by abdominal obesity. 41 Methods and Results 2587 NYHA class II, low ejection fraction HF patients enrolled in the 42 EMPHASIS-HF trial were randomly assigned to eplerenone and placebo. In this post-hoc 43 analysis, patients were categorized according to waist circumference (normal if WC < 102 cm 44 in men and < 88 cm women; abdominal obesity if NWC≥ 102cm in men and ≥88cm women). 45 The potential statistical interaction between the treatment and WC was assessed on the 46 primary endpoint of death from cardiovascular causes or hospitalization for HF and other 47 secondary endpoints. Over a median follow-up of 21 months, a significant benefit of 48 eplerenone for the primary outcome was noted in both normal ( HR 0.77, CI95% 0.61-0.98, 49 p=0.03) and increased ( HR 0.48, CI95% 0.37-0.63, p<0.0001) WC subgroups but the latter 50 patients appeared to receive greater benefit than patients with normal WC (p for interaction 51 0.01). This suggests a significant quantitative (treatment effect varies in magnitude by 52 subgroup, but is always in same direction) rather than a qualitative interaction (direction of 53 the treatment effect varies by subgroup) between eplerenone and WC in the adjusted analysis. 54 Mean doses of eplerenone, blood pressure and serum potassium changes and adverse events 55 were similar between WC subgroups. 56 eplerenone improved


Self-development is considered as an object of interdisciplinary research in a modern postnonclassical science. The article compares interpretation of self-development in human and inhuman systems. The basic mechanism of self-development of the person the realized choice is analyzed. Self-development is considered as a way to develop individuality throughout life.


In this paper,a kind of stripped coating for iron casting was prepared,and the technological properties of the coating were studied.In the coating,yellow loam powder and slag powder are used as refractory powder,and bentonite and silica sol are added as suspending agent and binder,respectively.The results show that the technological properties including suspension property,rheology and crack-resistance,etc.,are excellent,and smooth surface of the coatings can be obtained.


Comrade Chen Yi had left a glorious struggling footprint in Yanfuhuai area.He commanded the New Fourth Army fighting against the enemies and obtained great military victory,and many battles were described in his verse during that time.His poems not only encouraged the civil-military striving to kill the enemies,but also united many local celebrities and squire scribe,thus formed the most extensive anti-Japanese united front,helped to bring about the interaction and mutual assistance of the military armed force and cultural front.


This paper proposes a rectangular printed monopole antenna where systematic study has been carried out to increase the bandwidth of the antenna. A few techniques are applied to obtain large impedance bandwidth for printed rectangular monopole antenna with reduced substrate size. With proper optimisation of slot dimensions and microstrip line feed position gives increased impedance bandwidth. Simple printed rectangular antenna, without slot and offset feed, shows 1.2:1 (1.94 GHz to 2.30 GHz) and 1.65:1(3.5 GHz to 5.8 GHz) impedance bandwidth ratio for VSWR <;= 2 for the first band. Whereas, for various presented band enhancing techniques, Bandwidth increases upto 3.82 GHz from 0.36 GHz. The radiation patterns in azimuthal and elevation planes are reasonably good.


ABSTRACTCharacter education is very necessary for the realization of national education goals. Over time, it is necessary to instill social caring character education since early age is a very important period of development in human life. Thus it is necessary to develop socially caring character education through learning role playing methods. The purpose of this study is to; Developing a character education model through the role playing method in TK Tunas Mekar Indonesia (TMI) Bandar Lampung. This study uses research and development methods with the following steps; (a) needs analysis, (b) planning includes compiling RPPM and RPPH (c) determining elements of character education; (d) collect learning material; (e) compile a model draft, (f) validation, (g) model revision, (h) model trial; and (i) product improvement. Data collection instruments used are; (1) questionnaire, (2) discussion, (3) interview. The data analysis technique that is carried out is quantitative descriptive analysis and qualitative descriptive analysis. This research produced a social caring character education model.Keywords: Character Education Model, Social Care, Role Playing.


Today, most enterprises own their IT infrastructures. In the future, it may well be more cost effective to use infrastructure and software provided by entities that are specialized in provisioning infrastructure and services on a need and usage basis. This is the Cloud Computing model. The Cloud enables ubiquitous, elastic, and on-demand network access, which can be rapidly self-provisioned. Information Technology is beginning to migrate to the Cloud, where dynamically scalable, virtualized resources, are provided as a service over the network. Currently, IT leaders focus on managing on-premises, centralized, and service-driven methodology, to deliver services and integration solutions for their businesses. In the future, they will be expected to deliver and manage a network of flexible services that are federated across on-premises and outsourced infrastructures. This chapter explores the capabilities and service models offered by the Cloud and the challenges of extending the Service-driven architectural approaches to that paradigm. It presents design principles and implementation guidelines to architect application services in the Cloud ecosystem. Finally, the chapter takes a look ahead at the future of Cloud Computing. Extending Service-Driven Architectural Approaches to the Cloud Raja Ramanathan Independent Researcher, USA DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-4193-8.ch013


Aim: To determine whether PET/CT and brain MRI used in staging NSCLC can be accurate, reliable and cost-effective tools. NSCLC represents 80–85% of lung cancer and adequate information on the initial tumor staging is critical for planning an optimal therapeutic strategy. Patients & methods: Data from 30 newly diagnosed NSCLC patients in Greece were collected and prospectively recorded. Patients with potential resectable disease were evaluated to ensure that there are no detectable metastases that would rule out the possibility of a curative surgery. Results: Divergence occurred in 50% of cases of staging with CT or PET/CT alone, while metastases undetectable by the CT were revealed using PET/CT. Unnecessary thoracotomies were avoided by 10% of patients and another 10% was operated on after chemotherapy with a better prognosis. Conclusion: PET/CT and brain MRI combined are reliable for correct staging, reducing avoidable thoracotomies, morbidity rates and costs.


Nitrogen fertilizer‐induced direct nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions depend on water regimes in paddy fields, such as seasonal continuous flooding (F), flooding–midseason drainage–reflooding (F‐D‐F), and flooding–midseason drainage–reflooding–moist intermittent irrigation but without water logging (F‐D‐F‐M). In order to estimate the changes in direct N2O emission from paddy fields during the rice‐growing season in Mainland of China between the 1950s and the 1990s, the country‐specific emission factors of N2O‐N under different water regimes combined with rice production data were adopted in the present study. Census statistics on rice production showed that water management and nitrogen input regimes have changed in rice paddies since the 1950s. During the 1950s–1970s, about 20–25% of the rice paddy was continuously waterlogged, and 75–80% under the water regime of F‐D‐F. Since the 1980s, about 12–16%, 77%, and 7–12% of paddy fields were under the water regimes of F, F‐D‐F, and F‐D‐F‐M, respectively. Total nitrogen input during the rice‐growing season has increased from 87.5 kg N ha−1 in the 1950s to 224.6 kg N ha−1 in the 1990s. The emission factors of N2O‐N were estimated to be 0.02%, 0.42%, and 0.73% for rice paddies under the F, F‐D‐F, and F‐D‐F‐M water regimes, respectively. Seasonal N2O emissions have increased from 9.6 Gg N2O‐N each year in the 1950s to 32.3 Gg N2O‐N in the 1990s, which is accompanied by the increase in rice yield over the period 1950s–1990s. The uncertainties in N2O estimate were estimated to be 59.8% in the 1950s and 37.5% in the 1990s. In the 1990s, N2O emissions during the rice‐growing season accounted for 8–11% of the reported annual total of N2O emissions from croplands in China, suggesting that paddy rice development could have contributed to mitigating agricultural N2O emissions in the past decades. However, seasonal N2O emissions would be increased, given that saving‐water irrigation and nitrogen inputs are increasingly adopted in rice paddies in China.


The northwest region of China was an important stage of the development of farming and animal husbandry of ancient China. During long ancient period, there were some different levels and contents in development of the relationship between agriculture and nomad. In surface, it was a weaken process of nomadic civilization by agricultural civilization's extension. However, in deep level, the process was more complex, during which, two kinds of civilization affected each other and permeated each other. In more concrete term, at different levels, such as in thoughts, operation and reality, the civilizations affected each other in forms and with different peculiarities.


China's ancient tributary system not only served the vanity of the dynasty but had multiple political implications, closely tied to the dynasty's national security. The Song dynasty's [960-1279] notion of security followed an overall policy of guarding the dynasty against external threats, surrounding barbarian nations, and maintaining domestic order. The stability and eventual collapse of the tributary system were closely tied to the domestic security of the Song dynasty and to the security of all the countries that participated in the system. The system constituted a dynamic and interactive security community.


Although Melica uniflora is part of the omnivore and herbivore animal diets, there are not enough studies. The aim of the study is to determine the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity also total phenolic and total flavonoid amount of ethanolic extract of M. uniflora leaves from Yenice Forest, Karabük province, Turkey. In the study, we used the disk diffusion method to evaluate the antimicrobial activity with eight bacteria and two yeast strains; DPPH free radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power analysis were used determine antioxidant activity. Folin-Ciocalteu method for determining the total phenolic amount and AlCl3 method for the total flavonoid content of the extract were tested. Mean diameters of inhibition zones (IZD) of the bacteria were found in the range of 19.02 mm to 26.32 mm. This value was measured as 16.43 mm and 21.38mm for yeasts. The total antioxidant activity value of the extract was calculated at 4.54 mg AAE/g. The IC50 value was calculated 18.798 mg/mL for DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The FRAP value indicated that the reducing power of 1 gram of sample was equivalent to 3.33 μmol of Trolox. The total phenolic content of ethanol extract of M. uniflora leaves was determined as 0.466 mg GAE/g, while the flavonoid content was calculated as 4.44 mgQE/g. According to the obtained results, the analyzed M. uniflora leaves ethanol extracts demonstrated that the biological activity level could be considered significant.


This study aims to analyze the influence of product , perception of price and
promotion towards purchase decision of Pepsodent brands toothpaste. The
primary data were derived from questionnaire and the secondary data were from
company statistics. The population of the research was all citizens of west Jakarta
Municipality who bought and used Pepsodent brands toothpaste. The method of
analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression. The results show that
product , perception of price and promotion together have a significant effect on
purchasing decisions. Partially quality, perception of price and promotion have a
significant positive effect on purchasing decision. The most perception of price is
powerfull variable of influence on purchasing decisions.
Keywords: product , price, promotion, purchase decision.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh produk, persepsi harga dan
promosi terhadap keputusan pembelian produk pasta gigi merek Pepsodent. Data
penelitian yang digunakan adalah data primer yang berasal dari kuisoner dan data
sekunder yang berasal dari data perusahaan. Metode sampling yang digunakan
adalah metode nonprobabilitas. Populasi berasal dari seluruh warga Kota Jakarta
Barat. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linier
berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan produk, persepsi harga dan promosi
secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian.
Secara parsial produk, persepsi harga dan promosi berpengaruh signifikan positif
terhadap keputusan pembelian. Persepsi harga merupakan variabel yang sangat
kuat pengaruhnya terhadap keputusan pembelian.
Kata kunci : produk, harga, promosi, keputusan pembelian.


This study aims to determine the distribution and diversity of macrozoobenthos species in the Barumun River, Kota Pinang District, South Labuhanbatu Regency. The method used is an exploratory method with purposive sampling. The data analyzed were longitudinal distribution, diversity index, evenness index and dominance index. The results showed that there were 15 types of macrozoobenthos with a low diversity index value at all stations. In conclusion, the diversity of macrozoobenthos in the Barumun River is relatively small, so the water quality criteria for this river are categorized as moderately polluted.
Keywords: Diversity, Water Quality, Macrozoobenthos, Barumun River


In this paper, we contribute to answer the question: How accurately can we estimate heights of buildings with flat roofs given one high-resolution single-pass interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) image pair and one aerial orthophoto? What makes this problem challenging are the different sensor geometries and the sound stochastic combination of all available elevation cues. We revisit already existing methods and develop novel approaches to determine building heights. A rigorous stochastic approach based on least squares adjustment with functionally dependent parameters is introduced to combine all height measurements per building to one robust height estimate. Observation accuracies of the stochastic model are either taken from the literature or estimated empirically. A major benefit of adjustment is that it delivers a posterior standard deviation per height, which can be interpreted as a precision indicator and is of high relevance for practical applications. Estimated heights of an urban scene are compared to ground truth acquired with airborne laser scanning, allowing us to assess height accuracies that can be achieved under nearly optimal conditions. We conduct statistical tests that validate our model and show that a weighted combination of optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data with least squares adjustment delivers reliable height estimates with meter accuracy for flat-roofed buildings. Additionally, we empirically estimate a confidence interval of the estimated heights that directly tells the user the security margin to be included, for example, in case of building evacuations for an anticipated flooding event, under the condition that the data and model have the same specifications as in this paper.


Polarized X-ray pulses at 0.6 Å have been generated via head-on collision of a laser pulse from the high-field laser facility at Daresbury with a 30 MeV electron bunch in the ALICE energy recovery linear accelerator. The angular distribution of the backscattered X rays was obtained in single-shot using a scintillation screen. The temporal profile of the X ray yield as a function of the time delay between the laser pulse and electron bunch was measured and agreed well with that expected from the collision point dependence of the laser-electron beam longitudinal overlap.


Apart from the Central Bank Library, the Medical Library and, to a lesser degree, the Theology Library at Tal-Virtu, there are not in Malta, to my knowledge, any specialized libraries. This is an important premise to make because all research is, to a greater or lesser degree, specialized by its very nature. Therefore, both the Humanities and the Social Sciences have to make do with what is available, namely the country's two large libraries: the National Library and the University Library. (For practical reasons I am considering the Valletta, BeltisSebh and Gozo libraries as one institution. Moreover I am not going into the merits oflending facilities which are provided by the Beltissebli section of the Public Library system and by the whole University Library complex, except, of course, its reference section.)


This paper explores the impact of Malian migrants' Home Town Associations (HTAs) located in France on the provision of local public goods in Mali. To this end, we compute an original dataset on all the HTAs that have been created by Malian migrants in France since 1981 and geo-localize their interventions on the Malian territory. Thanks to four waves of Malian census, we also build a panel dataset on the provision of a range of public goods in all Malian villages over the 1976-2009 period. These two sources of data allow us to implement a difference-in-differences strategy, and to compare villages with and without an HTA, before and after HTAs developed their activity in Mali. We find that Malian HTAs have significantly contributed to improve the provision of schools, health centers and water amenities over the 1987-2009 period. When looking at the timing of the treatment, we observe that the difference between treated and control villages in terms of water amenities is mainly driven by the second period of observation (1998-2009), while schools and health centers exhibit significant differences during the whole period.________________________________ Nous analysons l'impact des associations de migrants (AM) de Maliens vivant en France sur la disponibilite en biens publics au Mali. Pour ce faire, nous avons constitue une base originale de donnees qui recense l'ensemble des AM maliennes enregistrees au Journal Officiel francais depuis 1981 et qui geo-reference leurs lieux d'intervention. Cette base est couplee avec quatre recensements exhaustifs qui permettent de connaitre la disponibilite en biens publics de chaque village malien de 1976 a 2009. En mettant en oeuvre une estimation en double differences, nous montrons que les AM maliennes ont significativement contribue a l'augmentation du nombre d'ecoles, de centres de sante et d'adduction d'eau sur la periode 1987-2009. Plus precisement, on observe que la difference entre le groupe de villages traites et le groupe de controle concernant l'adduction en eau est du a des investissements menes durant la seconde periode (1998-2009) tandis que les financements des AM concernant les ecoles et les centres de sante ont eu lieu tout au long de la periode 1987-2009.


Based on the analysis of the dispersion characteristics of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP), two hybrid planar SIW-SSPP wideband bandpass filters are designed using the high-pass characteristics of SIW and low-pass characteristics of SSPP to achieve flexible upper and lower sideband control as well as ultra-wideband characteristics. The first filter is an ultra-wideband bandpass filter designed based on the hybrid SIW-SSPP structure, in which the upper and lower cutoff frequencies can be independently controlled by adjusting the structure parameters of the SSPP unit and SIW unit, respectively. The passband ranges from 6.75GHz to 11.88GHz, and the return losses are all less than -11.5dB. The second filter is an improved version of the first filter, in which a pair of complementary splitring resonators are introduced on the front and back of the substrate to insert a transmission zero within the passband, achieving the characteristics of dual passbands. The return losses are all less than -15dB. Simulation results show that the designed filters have sharp out-of-band rejection, compact structure, and good filtering performance, which proves their feasibility.


In this paper, we estimate and leverage latent constant group structure to generate the point, set, and density forecasts for short dynamic panel data. We implement a nonparametric Bayesian approach to simultaneously identify coefficients and group membership in the random effects which are heterogeneous across groups but fixed within a group. This method allows us to incorporate subjective prior knowledge on the group structure that potentially improves the predictive accuracy. In Monte Carlo experiments, we demonstrate that our Bayesian grouped random effects (BGRE) estimators produce accurate estimates and score predictive gains over standard panel data estimators. With a data-driven group structure, the BGRE estimators exhibit comparable accuracy of clustering with the nonsupervised machine learning algorithm Kmeans and outperform Kmeans in a two-step procedure. In the empirical analysis, we apply our method to forecast the investment rate across a broad range of firms and illustrate that the estimated latent group structure facilitate forecasts relative to standard panel data estimators.


Backgroud: Late potentials(LP) are less commonly identified on signal-averaged ECG (SAECG) in patients after myocardial infarction (MI) with ventricular tachycardia (VT) than those with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) with VT. Since depolarization generally lasts longer in the right (RV) than left ventricle (LV), local conduction delay in LV as arrhythmogenic substrates may be obscured by the concurrent physiological RV activation. To address this issue, we compared high resolution magnetocardiography (MCG) between post-MI and ARVC patients with a history of VT. Methods: 64-channel MCGs (1kHz, Hitachi) and standard SAECG were analyzed in 17 post-MI patients (LVEF 35±14%) and 14 ARVC patients who experienced VT. 2-D QRS maps were used to determine LV conduction time (LVCT, an interval from QRS onset the instance when leftward LV currents disappear) and the latest ventricular activation site. Results: LP was undetermined in 5 ARVC and in 5 MI patients due to CRBBB/IVCD on ECG (QRS≥110...


AbstractThe purpose of this survey is to examine how educators work with reading- and writing-skills in preschool with six year old children. I want to examine if the new curriculum, Lgr11, has affected the school teachers in their teaching of reading- and writing and if their work has changed through the years. Using a qualitative study, five preschool-teachers, working in preschool for several years, were interviewed to be heard of their thoughts about this topic. The survey shows that preschool-teachers are more familiar with the curriculum of today, in relation to previous curriculums. Much because of that the new one is more addressed to preschool compared with earlier curriculums but also that the teachers in an easier way can see the pupils' way to knowledge. The preschools in the survey also work more and more similar to grade one. The difference is that the school uses more books and materials and that the preschool emphasis the importance of early childhood education in their business and that preschool teaches more knowledge about drama, music and the children play. A current question is how preschool and grade one can cooperate so that all pupils can develop their reading- and writing-skills as good as possible.


From the Publisher:
Knowledge management is more than a buzzword - it's a way of thinking and acting. Stemming from a rich organizational history, the term knowledge organization has evolved to describe organizations that recognize the competitive advantage of intellectual capital, particularly that represented by their employees. Based on their landmark study of more than 200 of America's largest companies, Richard C. Huseman and Jon P. Goodman found that 78 percent of the corporations surveyed say they are moving toward becoming knowledge organizations. Leading With Knowledge provides examples of best practices and blueprints for developing a leading 21st century organization.


Includes an article taken from an unknown newspaper of Saturday 1 of February 1986 which is discussing the presentation of "Double bill" performed on 25th and 26th January 1986. Also includes discussion about other productions that were produced earlier.


A 12 year old boy developed protein losing enteropathy 6 months after surgery for a severe cardiac malformation complex by a modified Fontan procedure. Gastrointestinal protein loss was due to sustained venous pressure elevation. Conservative therapy with diet, diuretics and albumininfusions remained ineffective. The patient died from right atrial and pulmonary thrombembolism 10 months after surgery.


April 2019 Each year, students present their cutting-edge re search at the International Microwave Symposium (IMS). The IMS Student Paper Competition (SPC) serves as an opportunity to recognize the significant contributions of these students. This year, the SPC finalists were chosen in a three-step process. First, papers were reviewed by individual subcommittees of the IMS Technical Program Review Committee (TPRC) as part of the regular paper review process. Once the paper selection process was complete, each subcommittee had the opportunity to nominate up to two papers as candidate SPC finalists. Each candidate's advisor was then contacted and asked to provide verification of the student's eligibility. Based on the results of these two steps, the list of SPC finalists was then compiled, and email notifications were sent to the students and their advisors. Each SPC finalist was offered a complimentary registration for IMS2019. The final phase of the SPC contest will take place during IMS2019, when the finalists will have the opportunity to present their work at a special poster session. During this event, a panel of judges, composed of volunteers from the IMS TPRC, will judge each contestant using several metrics. Competition winners will be determined based on the quantitative results of the TPRC and poster session reviews. The first-, second-, and third-place SPC awards will be presented at the IMS2019 closing ceremony on Thursday, 6 June. IMS2019 Student Paper Competition


Background: Oxidative stress might participate in the pathophysiology of diabetes type 2. Systems of nonenzymatic antioxidants are made up of scavenging molecules that are formed endogenously.The Study Objective: This study's aims were evaluation of the non-enzymatic antioxidants and their effectin levels of glucose among diabetic patients.Methodology: A total of eighty patients with DM type 2 and forty healthy persons (control) were enrolledwithin this study. Serum and plasma were obtained from collected blood samples. The Ferric ReducingAbility of Plasma (FRAP) method was used for detection of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Ellman'smethod was used to determine the level of reduced glutathione. The serum CAT activity was detected by thetechnique explained by Sinha.Results: The findings revealed that, among diabetic groups, there was a significant elevation in glycosylatedhemoglobin and glucose levels; HbA1c and FBG levels were significantly higher; MDA, NO, LPI, TAC andGSH showed significant greater values. The activity of SOD showed significantly greater mean value amongthe control group.Conclusion: The results suggest that antioxidants defense might be decreased in T2DM, as TAC levelswere decreased. The increased levels of MDA, NO, LPI, TAC and GSH were associated with oxidativestress. Assessment of GSH could help in recognition of the extent of oxidative stress in diabetes as well asprevention and control of diabetic complications.


Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is an autoimmune disease affecting genetically susceptible individuals. A major part of the genetic risk is encoded by HLA class II genes. Strong susceptibility is conferred by the DRB1*04-DQA1*03-DQB1*0302 (hereafter called {open_quotes}DR4-DQ8{close_quotes}) and the DRBI*0301-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 (hereafter called {open_quotes}DR3-DQ2{close_quotes}) haplotypes, particularly when they occur together. In an interesting publication it suggests that IDDM patients inherit DR4 from their fathers and DR3 from their mothers more often than vice versa. This has also been suggested elsewhere. Several different mechanisms have been proposed to explain this observation, such as parental imprinting, fetal loss, and maternal effect associated with the presence of the DR3 antigen in the mother. Several studies have shown that children of fathers with IDDM have a higher risk of IDDM than do children of mothers with IDDM. If there is an effect of the parental origin of HLA class II-encoded IDDM susceptibility, this could potentially explain the difference. 19 refs., 2 tabs.


Abstract : This monograph examines the historic attack by Adolph Hitler's Germany against the Soviet defenses in 1941. It examines actions of both armed forces to analyze what went wrong and what went right for each side. It focuses on Soviet defenses to determine the usefulness of defensive planning and operations of 1941 to today's announced policy of reasonable sufficiency and non-offensive defense. The monograph begins with an analysis of current Soviet military doctrine and President Gorbachev's stated political ideal of 'reasonable sufficiency' and his goal for the military of a doctrine of 'non- offensive defense.' The monograph continues with an examination of Soviet military theory, an historical analysis of Operation Barbarossa, and an analysis of the usefulness of the campaign for modern doctrinal development. The Soviets use historical models in the scientific development of their doctrine.


It is proposed to discuss territorial mobility, the policies of indigenous leaders in the state of Acre, especially the Manchineri, their survival strategies in the world of non-indigenous people so that we can reflect on two changes that we testify in recent decades: mobility for the urban centers that include the indigenous people who were born in the city and those who arrived in the city, as well as its growing support in the country's indigenous and non-indigenous political discussions in Brazil. The methodological path had as its own perspective of the leaders, for this will be reported their way of life and their involvement in the policies of different spheres of decision. The paper consists of three discussion sections that go from mobility to the political role played by leaders.


. The main goal of this paper is to problematize the Plano de Desenvolvimento da Escola Interativo ( PDDE Interativo) and the objectification of school management regulation mechanisms. The reflection has as reference the movement of administrative modernizat ion and the regulation called 'post - bureaucratic', in which changes in the role of the State are identified, with a focus on managerial management. The analysis is done considering the World Bank's prescription for the reform of the education systems of it s partner countries, especially those in its '2020 strategy for education'. We highlight a movement of constriction to a given model of educational reform, based on strategic monitoring, carried out through the creation of online databases. Regulation is discussed from the perspective of the economic imperative, control over the work of the school management, the systematic and strategic collection of school data, as well as the result-oriented financing mechanism. Final considerations indicate the conflict of the PDDE Interativo with the Political Pedagogical Project, as well as pointing to the need to reinforce the autonomy of the school units and the commitment of organized civil society in the search for quality public education and socially referenced. of of authorities school system market devices), authorities of field of State intervention. These measures (and be justified), a more 'technical' point of view, to criteria of modernization, debureaucratization and combating the 'inefficiency' of the State ( new public management ), or justified by imperatives of a 'political' nature, according to neoliberal and neoconservative projects, with the aim of 'freeing civil society' from State control (privatisation), or even of a 'philosophical' and 'cultural' nature (promoting community participation, adapting to the location) and of a 'pedagogical' nature (centering teaching on their need for self-development. The elaboration of the School Development Plan represents for the school a moment of analysis of its performance, that is, of its processes, of its results, of its internal and external relations, of its values, of its conditions of operation. ' Based on this analysis, it projects itself, defines where it wants to go, what strategies to adopt to achieve its objectives and at what cost' , what processes to develop, who will be involved in each stage and how and to whom they will be accountable for what is being done (Como Elaborar o Plano de Desenvolvimento da Escola, 2006, p. 11, our emphasis, our translation).


This study assessed embodied simulation via electromyography (EMG) as participants first encoded emotionally ambiguous faces with emotion concepts (i.e., "angry," "happy") and later passively viewed the faces without the concepts. Memory for the faces was also measured. At initial encoding, participants displayed more smiling-related EMG activity in response to faces paired with "happy" than in response to faces paired with "angry." Later, in the absence of concepts, participants remembered happiness-encoded faces as happier than anger-encoded faces. Further, during passive reexposure to the ambiguous faces, participants' EMG indicated spontaneous emotion-specific mimicry, which in turn predicted memory bias. No specific EMG activity was observed when participants encoded or viewed faces with non-emotion-related valenced concepts, or when participants encoded or viewed Chinese ideographs. From an embodiment perspective, emotion simulation is a measure of what is currently perceived. Thus, these findings provide evidence of genuine concept-driven changes in emotion perception. More generally, the findings highlight embodiment's role in the representation and processing of emotional information.


Application of indigenous Rhizobia on degraded land reclamation, especially post mining land allegedly can promote plant growth and development.. The research was to determine effectiveness of indigenous Rhizobia isolates from nickel post mining land to the growth of P. falcataria (L) Nielsen seedlings. Three types of native Rhizobia isolates (R1, R2, R3) and their combination (R4, R5, R6, R7) were applied as treatments in randomized completely design. All data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal Walis. Significant differences between treatments were analyzed using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) and Mann Whitney. The result showed most of growth variables of seedlings was not significantly influenced by Rhizobia inoculation, except stem diameter and biomass. This research also indicated correlation between N content in plant tissue with number of nodules, diameter and biomass although not significant. Single inoculation of Rhizobia did not show optimal results on P. falcataria (L) Nielsen seedlings so double inoculation using other potential microbes or input organic fertilizers at certain levels allegedly can increase the potential of Rhizobia on plants, especially in nickel post mining reclamation.


How to build a harmonious socialist society against the background of market economy and multi-pluralism of profit concepts is a realistic but new social task to the Chinese.The article analyzes and discusses the several pairs of contradictions related to harmonious society in response to the proposing of "harmonious society" and "building up a harmonious socialist society",offering some new trains of thoughts to make viewpoints clear and straighten out the understanding of the theory.


Abstract The article reports sol-gel synthesis of nanosized spinel-type lithium manganese oxide LiMn2O4 (LMO) carried out in the presence of graphene oxide (GO) and its electrochemical lithium insertion ability. The synthesis was performed in an aqueous environment with lithium acetate and manganese acetate used as precursors and citric acid as a chelating agent. The material was characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The calcination step totally eliminated graphene from the final product, nevertheless its presence during the synthesis was found to affect the resulting LiMn2O4 morphology by markedly reducing the size of grains. Moreover, potentials of electrochemical lithium insertion/deinsertion reactions have been shifted, as observed in the cyclic voltammetry measurements. Along with the diminished grain size the voltammetric curves of the graphene oxide-modified material exhibit higher oxidation and lower reduction peak currents. The study demonstrates that GO mediation/assistance during the sol-gel synthesis fosters more nanostructured powder and changes the electrochemical characteristics of the product


This goal of this paper is to perform the prediction task on SQuAD dataset about reading comprehension. Given a pair of context paragraph and a question, we'll output an answer. To do this, a model is built combining the idea of Bidirectional LSTM and attention flow mechanism. The basic architecture and setup details of the model are introduced, so do the summary of performance and error analysis during experiments. Further more, the main exploration part would be focused on how to plug appropriate attention mechanism into the whole neural network architecture.


From the Publisher:
Connectionist Speech Recognition: A Hybrid Approach describes the theory and implementation of a method to incorporate neural network approaches into state-of-the-art continuous speech recognition systems based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) to improve their performance. In this framework, neural networks (and in particular, multilayer perceptrons or MLPs) have been restricted to well-defined subtasks of the whole system, i.e., HMM emission probability estimation and feature extraction. The book describes a successful five year international collaboration between the authors. The lessons learned form a case study that demonstrates how hybrid systems can be developed to combine neural networks with more traditional statistical approaches. The book illustrates both the advantages and limitations of neural networks in the framework of a statistical system. Using standard databases and comparing with some conventional approaches, it is shown that MLP probability estimation can improve recognition performance. Other approaches are discussed, though there is no such unequivocal experimental result for these methods. Connectionist Speech Recognition: A Hybrid Approach is of use to anyone intending to use neural networks for speech recognition or within the framework provided by an existing successful statistical approach. This includes research and development groups working in the field of speech recognition, both with standard and neural network approaches, as well as other pattern recognition and/or neural network researchers. This book is also suitable as a text for advanced courses on neural networks or speech processing.


The combination of teaching and information technologies is at the origin of a more embracing, flexible and accessible approach to learning. Assessment is considered an integral part of the learning process, but it has always been considered challenging for teachers. Through the adoption of information technologies, it is possible to create new opportunities to improve assessment. Despite its numerous advantages, e‐assessment remains a topic of much discussion for many, due to doubts that arise about its efficiency and effectiveness. In order to understand this issue, this study aims to explore e‐assessment in higher education, from the viewpoint of teachers and students. Four online surveys were distributed among teachers and students in Portugal and other countries. While the results show that Portugal is slightly behind in terms of adoption, there is a strong awareness of the importance of e‐assessment. Internationally, e‐assessment has higher adoption rates, and both teachers and students believe that this method of assessment is advantageous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]


The invention concerns an automatic clutch (2) in the drive train of a motor vehicle having a manual or voluntarily changed transmission (3). The clutch (2) is set at a very low transmissible torque when a pedal used to control the load on the engine (1) is not activated and a gear of the transmission (3) is engaged. In this way, a creep tendency desired for manoeuvring the vehicle is brought about.


The internet and social media have had a significant impact on recipients' media consumption. As the converging media environment recipients face today offers not only more media products but also ...


Background: In this study, to evaluate the orbital content changes using ultrasonic B-scan in thyroid eye disease due to hyperthyroidism, assist in early detection of thyroid eye disease, assess the response of treatment in TED and progress of disease. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 45 patients-90 eyes who presented with clinical signs and symptoms of thyroid eye disease due to hyperthyroidism, in Regional Institute of Government Ophthalmic Hospital, Chennai, for 1 year, after obtaining clearance from the institutional ethics committee, and written informed consent from the study participants. Result: The four recti muscles were significantly thicker. The mean of the sum of all four recti muscles in mild category was 15.7 mm in BE, moderate category was 20.5 mm in BE and severe category was 32 mm in BE. A severe form of TED was found to generally result in a higher exophthalmometric measurement of proptosis and eye muscle thickness (P value < 0.001). In thyroid eye disease, enlargement of the muscle belly with sparing of tendon insertion is the characteristic appearance in B-scan. Our result showed EOM enlargement to be the principal cause of proptosis. Conclusion: Difficult to distinguish the thickened muscle with high reflectivity from the surrounding orbital soft tissue. This can be avoided by decreasing the gain setting to get a better visualization of the muscle sheath.


This article focuses on the difficulties encountered in text production students of the first phase of an undergraduate distance learning course at the Federal University of Santa Catarina with regard to working with the gender discourse academic review. The research question that drives this study is: In terms of social experiences with written language system, which factors are inferreds in the analysis of problems of adaptation to the visualized gender in textual production reviews in the academic sphere in the course of Portuguese Language distance? The study developed is anchored in theories of literacy based on Street (1984; 2003; 2009), Hamilton (2000), Barton and Hamilton (2004), among other authors who discuss the new studies of literacy through ethnographic perspectives; as well as the theories of genres of Bakhtin and his Circle (2003 [1952/53]). The results show problems (not) appropriate to the genre, both in terms of compositional configuration as in relation to the thematic content and style and signal distinctions between school and family literacy practices and academic literacy practices, demanding methodological resignifications in addressing gender in the academic sphere. The study contributes to the Applied Linguistics area paying attention to the need to undertake a teaching preparation (Halte, 2008) that includes the experiences of students and their weaknesses, so as to focus on them.


A 27-year-old female reported with a complaint of recurrent nodule formation in her mouth since four years. Patient was apparently asymptomatic four years back when she noticed a nodular swelling in upper left posterior region of jaw. She underwent surgical excision of the lesion along with surrounding bone by a local dentist. The lesion was histopathologically diagnosed as Central Giant Cell Granuloma. Three years later she noticed a similar nodule in the lower right posterior region of jaw which was again surgically excised and histopathologically diagnosed as Central Giant Cell Granuloma. Three months prior to reporting, the patient again developed a similar nodular swelling in the lower left anterior region of jaw for which she consulted the dentist and was advised surgical excision of the same. Patient was referred to the department for further evaluation and advanced imaging investigations.


During the last few decades, it has become evident that the vascular endothelium is an active paracrine, endocrine, and autocrine organ that is indispensable for the regulation of vascular tone and maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Moreover, recent insights into the basic mechanisms involved in atherosclerosis indicate that deleterious alterations of endothelial dysfunction, represent a key early step in the development of atherosclerosis and are also involved in plaque progression and the occurrence of atherosclerotic complications [1-3]. In fact, activated endothelium recruits monocytes, which differentiate into macrophages. Elevated permeability of the endothelium is believed to allow entry of lipoproteins into the vessel wall, which become oxidized and propagates endothelial dysfunction [4]. Macrophages engulf low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and become foam cells, which can be visualized as fatty streaks in the vessel wall. In the continued presence of high LDL cholesterol and oxidant stress, fatty streaks progress to advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Effective drugs for lowering cholesterol and high blood pressure have been developed. In particular, the statins lower levels of atherogenic lipoproteins and dramatically decrease clinical events and mortality from atherosclerosis [5]. Nevertheless, heart disease and stroke remain by far the most common causes of death in westernized societies and new weapons, particularly new therapies translating into an improvement in endothelial health, are needed. The following is an overview of the endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) therapeutic potential in the endothelium improvement of cardiovascular diseases.


Abstract: How might a Christian poetics of care open up new ground for formations of Christianity more attuned to material care for others, including nonhuman animals and the world? I argue that the openness afforded by a Christian poesis , where one is free to form various ways of being Christian through the aesthetic acts of unmaking, remaking, and making, unbeholden to a narrow presumption of authorized "truth," offers the chance to create variations of and on the Christian, variations that should be finally evaluated by the care they create in and for the world. Because some parts of the Christian past and some parts of the profession of literary studies have been and continue to be so careless, I suggest that such a Christian poetics might help shift Christianity and literary studies into more caring forms of being in the world and the academy.


A study on distribution characters of initial stress in the condition of gravity effect in the slopes within alp of which the slope angles poses 30°、45°、60° respectively were conducted by numerical analysis. After comparison, it is found that when closing to the region of slope surface, the difference of vertical stress between the value which are calculated by the direct buried depth and the actual value is huge. And the difference becomes huger with the slope becoming steeper. Then , a comparison has been made with excavating a cavern which poses 3 different positions separately at different distance from the slope toe in the condition of 45° slope angle and using the equivalent mechanical parameters of jointed rock mass to make numerical analysis to look the rock stability difference of the three schemes. It is found that the closer to slope surface (slope toe), the larger the plastic zone or the damage zone around the caverns becomes.


The peer review process is essential to maintaining the high quality of Advances . A new reviewer recently asked me how long it should take her to review an article. I don't know the answer to this but I do know that our articles are almost always modified following review, sometimes substantially


A method for smelting magnesium alloy contains the following steps: preparing material, heating the preheating furnace, melting furnace, alloying furnace and standing holding furnace respectively, and introducing protective gas respectively, preheating magnesium ingot to 120-600DEG C in preheating furnace, adding into the melting furnace for several times for melting, keeping the temperature at 660-780DEG C, introducing the magnesium fusing liquid into the alloying furnace, keeping the temperature at 660-780DEG C, melting other alloy elements with the melting furnace, refining, keeping the temperature of the melting liquid at 720-730DEG C, introducing into the alloying furnace to mix with magnesium fusing liquid, blowing argon for refining, transferring into standing holding furnace, keeping the temperature of the melting liquid at 680-860DEG C, casting magnesium alloying melting liquid to ingot, or cast continuously or semi-continuous. The invention can prevents oxidization and loss of the metal, reduced impurities in magnesium alloy, and improves the quality and performance of magnesium alloy.


In this paper, we propose a model to simulate photoresist development based on continuity equations. In the resist dissolution process, to consider different components (developer, resist, reaction by-product, etc.), each component's local concentration is described by the continuity equation. The resist development process is viewed as the diffusion-reaction process of all components involved in the dissolution process. A simulation program has been written based on the above concept. The simulation for different previous existing models are discussed.


IP-BPM (Interaction Point Beam Position Monitor) is an ultra high resolution cavity BPM to be used at ATF2, a test facility for ILC final focus system. Control of beam position in 2 nm precision is required for ATF2. Beam tests at ATF extraction line proved a 8.7 nm position resolution.


ABSTRACT. Each period of elevated protein consumption by Phormia regina was associated with some recognizable physiological event that requires protein synthesis (e.g. tanning, adult fat body development, vitellogenesis). Injecting cycloheximide to inhibit protein synthesis prior to the onset of such events delayed the events and also the development of the associated periods of protein hunger. Injecting cycloheximide after a known period of protein synthesis had occurred, however, did not postpone the normally associated protein hunger even while the inhibitor was fully active. The findings conform to a hypothesis that an unidentified deficit, created by protein synthesis, underlies the tendency by Phormia to increase its ingestion of proteinaceous materials. The effects which different hormones have on protein hunger are evidently indirect results of their control of different periods of protein synthesis.


A majority of the literature discussing human adaptation to climate change in socialecological systems has not been quantitative in nature; discussions of adaptation are typically based on theory or anecdotal case studies. It is, however, important to analytically identify which factors lead to successful adaptation to climate change, in order to better determine how communities can cope with climate shocks. This paper reviews the most highly cited studies that empirically identify the drivers of adaptation to climate change, from the fields of human ecology, anthropology, psychology, and economics. The primary factors that are cited are 1) strong institutions and networks, 2) social memory and previous exposure to disturbance, 3) access to capital, 4) cognitive factors, such as perceived risk and ability to adapt, and 5) diversification of livelihoods. While these studies offer insights into the possible drivers of adaptation, there are several ways in which future studies should be improved: new studies should consider 1) biophysical factors that may constrain communities' ability to adapt, 2) multiple factors within the same multivariate analysis, and 3) the spatial and temporal scale at which these factors may influence adaptation. Based on these considerations, a new analytical framework for identifying the drivers of successful adaptation is outlined. Resilience in Social-Ecological Systems Social-ecological systems, or systems where ecosystems and humans are inextricably linked, are facing unpredictable pressures and shocks due to global change and unsustainable human use of resources (Chapin et al., 2010). These shocks may be internal to the system, such as overuse of a particular natural resource, or external, such as possible impacts of climate change. It is difficult to predict the effects of these shocks on social-ecological systems, given that there are often thresholds and non-linearities in the system's response to disturbance (Liu et al, 2007; Burkett et al, 2005). This inability to predict and respond to future shocks is problematic since it may result in the irreparable loss of ecosystem functions and services, and a subsequent collapse of dependent human livelihoods (Olson, 2003). Scholars and policy makers have called to make social-ecological systems more resilient to change (Smit and Pilifosova, 2001; Box 1). This will enhance the system's capacity to respond to a wide range of shocks, and ensure that the fundamental ecological and societal functions of the system are not compromised. Although building resilience appears to be a possible strategy to cope with shocks, a clear analytical framework to quantify which factors increase the resilience of a system does not currently exist. Without knowing which system variables to measure or ensure are resilient to shocks, it is almost impossible to determine how to best manage a social-ecological system for


Based on constructivism theory and information technology, the paper first analyses the traditional class assessment, then explores online assessment models of online translation teaching from student's participation, e-portfolio and student's self-assessment peer assessment, and finally gives suggestion to improve online translation teaching.


There are many diculties associated with modelling and simulation in general, and simulation of climate change in particular, causing heated debates world wide. The impact of even a small global change may be drastic, varied and could potentially aect everything on the planet. Environmental policy is a controversial issue, and often pits politicians and scientists against one another. The global nature of climate change, the delay between cause and eect of human influence on such a huge scale system, and the potentially disastrous consequences of climate change are why this area of simulation is one of the most often discussed in scientific, social and political contexts. This paper covers some of the problems associated with climate change modelling and simulation, and discusses some of the implications of basing policy decisions on results of such simulations.


Eye-safe semiconductor lasers are in demand for development of laser range finder and countermeasure systems. These applications require high level of pulsed optical power. We carried out a comprehensive study of the nature of power saturation in 1.5-/spl mu/m high power InGaAsP/InP multiple quantum well two step graded SCH lasers. We calculated the internal efficiency normalized to its threshold value for narrow waveguide devices from both the experimental L-I curves and the simulation results. The modeling explains qualitatively all experimental observations. The quantitative discrepancy can be understood taking into account two factors: device overheating even for short pulse operation at high current densities and the increase of the internal loss with current above threshold.


Death is a social and biological reality that affects everyone. However, the effects of death are not uniform. Data for this study were collected from a convenience sample (N=322) through an online survey distributed through social media and email (January and February 2021). The survey utilizes the Death Attitudes Profile – Revised by Wong, Reker, and Gesser (1994) to investigate differences in death attitudes across different demographics including age, gender, and religion. Results show correlations between positive, neutral, and negative death attitudes and the age of respondents, suggesting that negative death attitudes decrease as one ages, and certain types of positive attitudes increase. Additionally, specific forms of death acceptance were found to be associated with gender and religion. These significant results imply that perspectives on death differ across these identities. It is vital to understand these differences so mental health care and end-of-life care can adequately support and serve different populations. Potential explanations for these findings and future research recommendations are discussed.


If progression can be defined at an early stage, a change in treatment may significantly improve the length and quality of apatient's survival. In this seminar, involving 35 participants, the assessment of progression in phase I1 and phase 111 studies was discussed, against the background of papers prepared by the invited participants, and an analysis of progression in a recent EORTC phase 111 study prepared by Dr. Sylvester.


A method for manufacture of a fiber reinforced composite spar for a helicopter rotor blade including upper and lower sidewall regions and forward and aft conic regions. Constant width crossplies and unidirectional plies are stacked and arranged to form crossply and unidirectional laminates. The composite spar is manufactured via a vacuum forming technique which includes forming the composite laminates directly over an inflatable mandrel assembly. Regarding the latter method, a spar forming apparatus is used to position and manipulate the mandrel assembly as composite laminates are laid. The spar forming apparatus includes first and second pedestal supports being suitably configured so as to facilitate formation of the butt joints in the conic regions of the composite spar. The pedestal supports are movable from a first orientation to facilitate lay-up of composite laminates over the mandrel assembly, to a second orientation to facilitate transfer of the mandrel assembly from one to the other of the pedestal supports. The spar forming apparatus further includes an electromagnetic coil system comprising at least one electrically activated coil and a controllable power source. The electrically activated coils are disposed in combination with each of the pedestal supports and the controllable power source selectively energizes the electrically activated coils to effect a magnetic clamping force between the mandrel assembly and one of the pedestal supports. Such electromagnetic coil system accurately positions the inflatable mandrel assembly during lay-up of the composite laminates and effects transfer of the mandrel assembly.


According to the engineering geological conditions,the paper evaluates the air-raid shelter's stability based on relieving arch theory,and calculates the pressure on the air-raid shelter in the light of shallow buried and deep buried.This method tested to be intuitionistic,simple and accurate.


In 2007, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) warned to refrain from prescribing oseltamivir for teenagers when two Japanese teenagers with influenza fell from a high‐rise building after taking oseltamivir. Revisions of the warning texts of anti‐influenza drugs were discussed by the Subcommittee of Pharmaceutical Affairs and Food Sanitation Council, MHLW, based on the studies and trends of anti‐influenza medication over the last 10 years.


It is common clinical experience that the pupil in the African dilates slowly in response to mydriatics. Full mydriasis can be obtained in about 40 minutes in the Asian or European, but takes much longer in the African. This difference in response has been observed in the same clinic at the same time and using the same drug. Scott (I945) noted the need for stronger mydriatics to dilate the pupil in Negroes. There must be an intrinsic peculiarity in the African iris, and it has been shown that this is not due to faulty innervation (Scott, I945). An obvious peculiarity of the African iris is the abundant pigmentation. The present study has revealed that the relatively slower response of the pupil to mydriatics in the African is indeed related to pigmentation, and that the pupil in the albino African behaves differently. The exact mechanism by which pigmentation influences mydriasis is not clear, and anatomical and physiological studies have been carried out in an attempt to find a possible explanation.


the outcome of an attempted re-investigation of Parka, chiefly microscopical, with the aid of Schultz's solution (strong nitric acid and potassium chlorate). Being the only common, and quite the most characteristic fossil of the Lower Old Red Sandstone of .the Kincardine-Forfar-Perth area, it


The system has been available since early 1995, and has been used experimentally in several sites around the world. We gather here some conclusions from this experimenting and explain what aspects will be included in version 1.3 of , which should be the rst large-scale release of the system. Not only will the portability and performance of be improved substantially, but new features, including smart fonts and multidirectional support, will be included. When was rst conceived, the primary objectives were to remove the 8-bit restrictions imposed by the original design of TEX (number of characters, fonts, registers of each kind, etc.), as well as to o er the means necessary for multilingual typesetting, no matter how complex the script. The 8-bit restrictions were removed quite easily by simply doubling the size of all data structures in the TEX program and by introducing a variant of the .tfm le, called the .xfm le, in which fonts of up to 65,536 characters could be built. For typesetting complex scripts, such as classical Arabic or Hebrew, a series of nite state automata, called Translation Processes ( TPs), can be successively applied to the input character stream to do arbitrarily complex manipulations. After each application of an TP, the macro-expansion facilities of TEX are reinvoked, which means that the full power of TEX is available every time an TP is used. Performance and portability The current version of currently resides on the ftp.ens.fr server, and has been used experimentally by several di erent groups in di erent countries. From their responses, we now understand what must be done for to be a realistic replacement for TEX. First, is too big! A typical run of uses about 14MB, which is just ne when you are sitting in front of a 500MHz-machine with 512MB, but certainly not on a typical portable. This tremendous size comes from the TEX program structure, in which static arrays are allocated to handle primitives such as \catcode or \delcode, to store register values and font information, etc. However, the average user will never need 65,536 fonts of 65,536 characters each, nor 65,536 mu-registers, etc. Most of these huge tables are full of zeros, and it seems silly to have to go out and buy RAM and see your system slow down just so you can have lots of empty tables in your program. This problem will be solved in the next version through the introduction of several primitives of the form \MaxActiveCharacter, \MaxRegister, \MaxFont or \MaxWrite. These primitives correspond to compile-time constants, which should be overidable upon loading . By doing this, a single binary can be used, whatever the resources needed. According to Benjamin Bayart (École Supérieure d'Ingénieurs en Électrotechnique et Électronique in Paris), these primitives also make it possible for macro packages to determine whether the existing system has the required resources or whether a new run should be undertaken, with larger tables. Second, does not run correctly on Little Endian machines. This problem was solved by Benjamin Bayart and will be incorporated in version 1.3. As a result, there should be working versions of for Intel boxes running DOS, Windows and Linux. Finally, performance is unsatisfactory for TPs that are being used for multilingual applications. Because the macro-expansion facilities are applied with every use of an TP, the use of two successive TPs can slow down so that it runs 40% as fast as the original TEX. This may be acceptable for limited applications where specialized e ects are wanted, but it is certainly unacceptable in a production setting where thousands of pages are being generated every day. TUGboat, Volume 0 (2001), No. 0 Proceedings of the 2001 Annual Meeting 1001 John Plaice and Yannis Haralambous Support for complex scripts It turns out, however, that for any given language, very few TEX primitives are required for typesetting high-quality output. As a result, we are looking for more e cient techniques that can be used for the standard cases. In particular, one author (J.P.) has worked with ArborText, Inc. (Ann Arbor, Michigan), a supplier of SGML authoring and composition software and services, in developing typesetting support for ideogram scripts from East Asia. ArborText uses a TEXbased engine for printing SGML documents, and this engine was modi ed so that it could output Japanese text. The fundamental understanding of a font in TEX is that each character has width, height, depth and italic correction. Characters are placed in order on the baseline, and the exact choice of character and the exact horizontal positioning can be adjusted using the ligature/kerning table. This technique is reasonable for laying out alphabetic scripts where the characters are printed separately, as is the common case for Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, Armenian, Georgian, among others. Nevertheless, even for the Latin script, problems can arise: the Unicode standard provides for more than 900 precomposed characters. Building a complete ligature/kerning table for a font would require inordinate amounts of memory. Furthermore, it would be unlikely that, say, character 1EA9 (latin small letter a with circumflex and hook above), used in Vietnamese, would be found next to character 01CF (latin capital letter d with small letter z with caron), which is a Croatian digraph: much of the table would be useless. In fact, many of the characters have similar attributes: the di erence betwen `è' and `é' is unlikely to in uence the ligature/kerning program, so there are many opportunities for compressing it. When we pass on to the ideogram scripts found in East Asia, all the characters have the same dimension. There are no ligatures, nor kerning. However, if a xed grid is not chosen, then glue must be placed betweeen successive characters. Furthermore, line breaks cannot occur after left-bracket-like characters or before right-bracket-like characters. To handle such situations, penalties must be placed automatically in the appropriate places. For vowelized Arabic, the requirements are different yet again. Not only must the correct presentation form isolated, initial, medial or nal of each consonant be chosen, but the diacritics, including vowels and hamza, must be properly placed with respect to the consonants. To do this requires additional parameters about each character, designating the horizontal and vertical placement required to place the di erent diacritics. Finally, keshidehs (straight lines or Bézier curves) must be placed between consonants to ll out lines. For the Arabic script in Nastaliq style, as is normally used for Farsi or Urdu, typesetting becomes even more complicated, since successive characters are not placed on the baseline. Rather, the characters within a word are placed in a sort of staircase situation. The rst character, to the right, is placed highest. The lowest is the last character, to the left. Once again, extra character parameters are required so that the successive characters can be displaced vertically by the right amount. The work undertaken with ArborText implied designing another extension to the font metric les so that an arbitrary number of di erent kinds of parameters could be de ned for the font as a whole or for each individual character. Currently, ve sorts of parameter can be de ned: integer, xword, rule, glue and penalty. In addition, the ligature/kerning program has been modi ed to allow the automatic insertion of glue and penalties between characters, as is required for East Asian ideogram fonts. In addition to changes to the TEX driver, the pltotf and tftopl both had to be modi ed. Under an agreement with ArborText, we will be incorporating these ideas into . In fact, will support a generalization of these ideas: the ligature/kerning table will allow two-dimensional capabilities, thereby solving all of the di culties in typesetting calligraphic scripts such as Arabic.


Examination is made of the influence of temperature on the strainrange partitioning approach to creep-fatigue. Results for Cr-Mo steel and Type 316 stainless steel show the four partitioned strainrange-life relationships to be temperature insensitive to within a factor of two on cyclic life. Monotonic creep and tensile ductilities were also found to be temperature insensitive to within a factor of two. The approach provides bounds on cyclic life that can be readily established for any type of inelastic strain cycle. Continuous strain cycling results obtained over a broad range of high temperatures and frequencies are in excellent agreement with bounds provided by the approach. The observed transition from one bound to the other is also in good agreement with the approach.


With the goal of intensifying turbulent free convection from heated vertical plates to cold gases, five binary gas mixtures are examined in this technical note. Helium (He) is chosen as the principal gas while xenon (Xe), nitrogen (N 2 ), oxygen (O 2 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and methane (CH 4 ) are the companion gases. From thermal physics, the thermophysical properties affecting turbulent free convection of binary gas mixtures are the viscosity μ mix , the thermal conductivity λ mix , the density ρ mix , and the heat capacity at constant pressure C p,mix . Invoking the similarity variable transformation, the system of two nonlinear differential equations is solved numerically by the shooting method and a fourth-order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg algorithm. From the numerical temperature fields, the allied mean convection coefficients h mix /B changing with the molar gas composition w in the w domain [0, 1] are plotted in congruous diagrams for the five binary gas mixtures under study.


Scientific writing contains a simple program on the computerized inventory, using the input purchasing goods through the transaction, which will then automatically stored in a database and will exit the display output to be received by the customer or purchaser as the invoice or receipt and viewing reports required by the company. Scientific Writing is supported by Microsoft Access 2003 Programming Language through the process of inputting and sales of computerized this makes data processing more efficient and accurate and can provide information on existing inventory.


tal African refugee youth in southwestern Ontario; the author examines how this construction influences what and how these students linguistically and culturally learn. Part Three, 'Toward a Dialectic of Critically Engaged Praxis,' investigates the saliency of race in schooling. In chapter 11, Herrera and Morales use the perspective of 'colorblind nonaccommodative denial' (p. 197) to discuss white teachers' beliefs and teaching practices with a predominantly Mexican-American student population. Chacón, in chapter 12, addresses student notions of race and racism in EFL teacher-education courses in Venezuela. In chapter 13, Michael-Luna applies critical race theory and critical discourse analysis to examine how school texts may influence the identity formation of minority bilingual students in the United States. In chapter 14, Austin uses linguicism and critical race theory to engage in a discussion of racial discrimination in teacher education and educational policies. Through personal dialogue, Haque and Morgan, in chapter 15, discuss the opportunities and barriers of critical multicultural and anti-racist pedagogy as they witnessed and experienced teaching English in Japan and China. In chapter 16, using the work of Bourdieu, Luke engages in a theoretical discussion of how race, language, and literacy are viewed as capital in schooling. Drawing upon scholarship within and beyond the western hemisphere, this collection is highly relevant and applicable to both practitioners and researchers in Canada. With Canadian schooling serving an increasingly diverse student population, this text is highly recommended, as it uncovers and confronts issues that are often ignored in second language education.


Objective: To develope a reliable method for isolation,purification and primary culture of lung fibroblast(LF) and pulmonary alveolar macrophage(AM) from rat for studies on pathogenesis and treatment of interstitial lung disease in vitro.Methods: The lung tissue of 2 days old immature rats was digested with trypsin.LFs and AMs were isolated and purified,then cultured.The nature of the cultures was identified by CD14 staining,vimentin staining,electron micrography and Western blot. Results: Excellent yields of highly purified,culturable AMs and LFs could be obtained from adult rats and 2 day babyish rat lungs,respectively.The expression of CD14 in AMs was positive and that of vimentin negative by immunofluorescence chemistry.Those,however,in LFs were just opposite.Ramified stracture between purified LFs were observed by ultrastructural examination under electron micrography.Vimentin in purified LFs was revealed by Western blot. Conclusion: This technique might be a reliable method for isolation and purification and primary culture of pulmonary alveolar macrophages and lung fibroblasts from rat lung and could be used for the study of interstitial lung disease


Introduction: To overcome present limitations of gradient performance and to investigate unconventional encoding topologies a PatLoc (parallel imaging technique using localized gradients) concept was proposed [1]. PatLoc relaxes requirements of gradient homogeneity and global uniqueness of spatial encoding in favour of local gradient strength. PatLoc and similar concepts make new encoding strategies possible, also in combination with traditional linear gradients [2,3]. Generalised multidimensional encoding (MDE) with the number of k-space dimensions exceeding the number of spatial directions is the area of active research [4,5]. By using multiple spatial encoding magnetic fields (SEMs) it is expected to achieve a control over the local image properties and best exploit the acceleration capabilities of the receiver arrays. However it is yet unclear, how sampling trajectories in multiple dimensions may be designed. Null-space [2,4] and 4D-RIO (radial-in-out) are the two examples of possible readout trajectories. Concepts for MDE encoding with randomized sampling have also been proposed recently, e.g. [5]. It is however unclear, how such concepts can be translated into an actual continuous sampling trajectory.


One case of repeated incisional hernia is reported. This hernia was initially repaired but repeated infection occurred. This hernia was then successfully treated with a fasciocutaneous tensor fasciae latae island flap. The patient was reexamined two years after surgery and presented a functional abdominal wall. Other different reconstructive possibilities of regional myocutaneous flaps are described.


In this paper we describe the process of designing and implementing inquiry-based tasks relating mathematics and workplace context, through the collaboration of four teachers from different schools. Our focus is on the factors that influence the forms of inquiry integrated in community documentation. A common open task took different forms of inquiry during the implementation depending on factors such as the students' mathematical abilities, the specificities of the different school contexts and the prerequisite mathematical knowledge. The process of teachers observing each other's classroom implementations (hetero-observation) became the incentive for subsequent transformations of the shared resources, favoring the shifts from one form of inquiry to another.


A total of 120 random samples of Laban rayeb of different brands collected from El-Behera and Alexandria Governorates to assess their sensory, chemical and microbiological quality. Results given revealed that the mean values of pH were 6.25 ± 0.05, 6.18 ± 0.04, 6.4 ± 0.07, 6.21 ± 0.05, 6.33 ± 0.07 and 6.07 ± 0.03 for examined Laban Rayeb brands A, B, C, D, E and F respectively. The mean value of microorganisms count for brands A, B, C, D, E and F were 0, 0, 7.0 x 10 2 ± 2.0 x 10 2 , 0, 0, 0.5 x 10 5 ± 0.06 x 10 5 for Coliforms, 100, 4.0 x 10 2 ± 1.1 x 10 2 , 3.0 x 10 2 ± 0.5 x 10 2 , 600, 2.25 x 10 2 ± 0.94 x 10 2 , 0.42 x 10 4 ± 0.09 x 10 4 for S. aureus, 5.0 x 10 2 ± 1.4 x 10 2 , 0.65 x 10 3 ± 0.2 x 10 3 , 0.9 x 10 3 ± 0.4 x 10 3 , 3.6 x 10 2 ± 1.2 x 10 2 , 1.07 x 10 3 ± 0. 4 x 10 3 , 1.6 x 10 4 ± 0.4 x 10 4 for Enterococci, 3.6 x 10 3 ± 1.4 x 10 3 , 3.1 x 10 3 ± 1.02 x 10 3 , 0.72 x 10 4 ± 0.31 x 10 4 , 1.2x 10 3 ± 0.2 x 10 3 , 1.7 x 10 3 ± 0.2 x 10 3 , 0.8 x 10 6 ± 0.15 x 10 6 for yeast and 1.4 x 10 3 ± 0.2 x 10 3 , 2.7 x 10 3 ± 0.6 x 10 3 , 2.6 x 10 3 ± 0.4 x 10 3 , 1.0x 10 3 ± 0.0, 1.7 x 10 3 ± 0.4 x 10 3 , 0.94 x 10 5 ± 0.14 x 10 5 for mold respectively. These findings suggested that rayeb traded in whole sales market in El-Behira and Alexandria Governorates have poor quality. Therefore, strict censorship for manufacturers is needed to ensure the appropriate hygienic conditions and proper transportation temperature thereby reduce contamination


Oil and gas industry produces a huge volume of produced water that contains hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and other pollutants. In the oil and gas industry, produced water, treatment, and management represent a growing challenge. Increasing the oil and gas industry activities, the production of produced water is increased all productions areas all over the world. Its treatment for reuse, management, and disposal represents a significant challenge from an environmental perspective. It is estimated that for every 1 barrel of oil produced, there are 8 to 10 barrels of produced water recovered. In this paper, a comparison of the different techniques for the primary and secondary produced water treatment that are widely applied in industry was investigated to choose the best applicable technology to achieve the required treated produced water specification in the gas project. A technical and economic comparison were conducted. It has been found that de-oiling hydrocyclone followed by induced gas flotation unit is the best choice.


ABSTRACT Old waste dumps often have steep slopes because waste has been tipped over from the top of the dump in a progressive manner. In new landfills, steep slopes are desirable to accommodate the maximum amount of waste possible. Cover systems provided on top of the waste dump to control leachate formation as well as to prevent emission of landfill gas consist of multiple layers of soils and geosynthetics. The stability of such cover systems is governed by the shearing resistance that develops between the various layers. This paper examines the influence of various parameters such as slope height, slope inclination, interfacial shearing resistance on the stability of the cover systems. It also describes the case study of a 18m high waste dump on which control measures are adopted in the form of a cover system along side slopes. The advantages and disadvantages of a various options are compared. Keywords: Landfills; Waste Dumps; Covers; Slope stability 1.0 INTRODUCTION The liner and cover configurations in landfills, as per the guidelines issued by the regulatory authorities (CPCB (2000), CPCB (2002) and MUA (2000)), are shown in Figures 1 and 2 for municipal solid waste (MSW) and hazardous waste (HW) for single liner system respectively. The liner system for a MSW landfill comprises of a single composite barrier consisting of a geomembrane and 0.9m thick compacted clay. For a HW landfill, one can adopt a single composite barrier having a 1.5mm thick HDPE geomembrane over a 1.5m thick compacted clay layer or a double composite barrier depending on the site conditions. The cover system for a MSW landfill has five components as shown in Figure1 including a single barrier of 0.6m compacted clay. A HW landfill cover comprises of the same five components but includes a geomembrane as the sixth component which is a part of a composite barrier as shown in Figure 2. The presence of multiple layers in the liner and cover system gives rise to the phenomenon of slippage at the interface of various layers along sloping sides. The interface between the geomembrane and the layer/component above it, as well as between geomembrane and the layer/component beneath it, are the two critical locations, which govern slope stability. This case study discusses the need to take great care in arriving at safe slopes for covers of landfills.


With consideration of construction management characteristics and practical development requirements,BIM modeling system and BIM-based 4D construction management software are used in construction of a large general commercial center project to form a set of information-based fundamental management systems.During practical application,digital building model is established to successfully carry out collision analysis among various architectural disciplines,in-depth 3D design of complex node and 4D construction management.This technique not only provides multiple value-added services to the investor and save investment cost,but also improves the management level of construction enterprise,playing a certain role in promotion of BIM technique in the future.


This paper describes the experiences of the first author, who has been diagnosed with the neuromuscular disease Friedreich's Ataxia more than 25 years ago, with the innovative approach to human-computer interaction characterized by the software tool OnScreenDualScribe. Originally developed by (and for!) the first author, the tool replaces the standard input devices -- i.e., keyboard and mouse -- with a small numerical keypad, making optimal use of his abilities. The paper attempts to illustrate some of the difficulties the first author usually has to face when operating a computer, due to considerable motor problems. It will be shown what he tried in the past, and why OnScreenDualScribe, offering various assistive techniques -- including word prediction, an ambiguous keyboard, and stepwise pointing operations -- is indeed a viable alternative. The ultimate goal is to help not only one single person, but to make the system -- which does not accelerate entry very much, but clearly reduces the required effort -- available to anyone with similar conditions.


Mutual authentication is essential for key exchange protocols and password-based authentication scheme is used widely, which is convenient to users and executed on the cheap. Password-based protocol should be not only secure against attach but also efficient to reduce user's load. In this paper, we propose a new key exchange protocol, called OTP-EKE(One Time Password based Encrypted Key Exchange), to provide authentication and to share a session key between a server and a user. We choose a password-based scheme as a user authentication. Especially, we use a one-time-password verifier and server's public password to protect against attacks on server's directory. As for efficiency, we improve the performance by reducing the number of modular exponentiations and the number of rounds.


For as long as human beings have been communicating, they have tried to figure out how to communicate well, that is, with competence. In modern times, communication scholars and teachers have worked hard to understand and describe what it means to be a competent communicator. These attempts to better understand competent communication are in part a result of a large body of research indicating that the ability to communicate competently is critical to a person's personal and professional success in life. A 2008 analysis of 93 journal and newspaper articles, reports, and surveys provides evidence of the centrality of communication and the importance of communication instruction to developing as a whole person; improving the educational enterprise; being a responsible social and cultural participant in the world; succeeding in one's career and in business; enhancing organizational processes and organizational life; and even addressing emerging concerns in the 21st century such as health communication, crisis communication, and crime and policing.


Periodogram analysis of the photographic observations of UV Boo based on Hipparcos data has showed two photometric periods: 596 d ± 47 d and 11. d 74 ± 0. d 01 and the same high peak on the value 10 d .60 ± 0. d 02. On Odessa plates data have showed three periods: 351. d 10 ± 1. d 50; 196. d 14 ± 0. d 41; 10. d 442 ± 0. d 002.


Evaluation of Cutting Carrying Index when using Diesel Oil base mud in well T is carried out on section 12-1 / 4 ", 8-1 / 2", and 5-3/4 ". This is because the use of mud on the previous section did not use Diesel Oil base mud, but only used native mud and KCL Polymer base mud. In the CCI evaluation of the Diesel Oil mud, several parameters included, Equivalent Circulating Density and rheology of diesel oil base mud. Based on the primary data on well T the ECD calculation can be done by calculating the average annulus velocity, velocity critical around annulus hole, and the  pressure loss in it. The value of ECD obtained on section 12-1 / 4 "ranges from 14 ppg to 15 ppg, section  8-1/2"  has 16,08 ppg to 16,4 ppg, and section 5-3 / 4" reaching 14,72 ppg as the biggest value. Based on the ECD, CCI value is obtained, this is because the ECD value describes the mud weight around the annulus hole. A good CCI value must be greater than or equal to 1, then evaluated with the results of CCI on route 12-1 / 4 "obtaining the greatest CCI value 1.6 in the jar and drill collar I. On route 8-1 / 2", CCI value evaluated in the heavyweight drill pipe section with a change in the value of 0,76 to 1,08. The CCI value on section 5-3 / 4" changes in value from 0,65 to 1,19 in heavyweight drill pipe section.


An experimentalprogram is conducted to develop new kinds of pozzolana from other agricultural wastes apart from rice husk and rice straw. The study investigated the use of coconut husk, corn cob and peanut shell ash as cement replacement materials. A series of tests were performed to determine the chemical composition of coconut husk ash, corn cob ash and peanut shell ash which are referred to as CHA, CCA and PSA respectively. The mechanical properties of paste and mortar containing different percentages of ash replacement were investigated. Experimental results revealed that coconut husk ash and corn cob ash cannot be utilized as pozzolana while peanut shell ash can be classified as Class C pozzolana according to ASTM Standards. Corn cob ash mortars possessed lower compressive strength than those ofcontrol mortars while peanut shell ash mortars showed higher compressive strength. Among the four types of mortars tested for chemical attack, PSA mortars showed highest resistance against acidic attack.