The content of gardenoside in Shariga-4 decoction was determined by TLC-UV. Shariga-4 decoction was extracted by methanol. Gardenoside in Shariga-4 decoction was separated on silica gel HF254 board, chloroform : methanol : ammonia water(4:1:0.2) were selected as developer. The content of gardenoside was determined at 238 nm. The results were accurate.


In various embodiments, the body structure of a vehicle comprising: a hollow metal member, which comprises a wall defining a passage, wherein said metal member having a metal member of the vehicle length, and wherein said vehicle component selected from the group consisting of metal stringers, the cross member , pillar, a chassis, a rocker bottom, rail, and at least one group comprising a combination of the above in part; and a plastic reinforcement member having a honeycomb structure, wherein the plastic reinforcement member located within the passage. The metal member may be a part of the structure of the vehicle body.


Study design, materials and methods Following Independent Review Board approval, charts of women who underwent outpatient urethral dilation (UD) under general anesthesia for LUS at one institution by the same surgeon and had at least 6 months follow-up were reviewed. LUS was defined on urethroscopy with visualization of a narrowed and distorted urethral lumen (Figure 1a/1b). Women with meatal stricture, neurogenic bladder, or gynecological, urethral or bladder malignancy were excluded from the study. Data collected included demographics, prior urethral procedures, presenting symptoms, basic urodynamics (non-invasive flow and post-void residual (PVR) by bladder scan), and additional testing as indicated such as voiding cystourethrogram (Figure 2), urethral MRI, and/or multichannel invasive urodynamics. UD was performed with female dilators up to 39-43 French, with guidewire and Heyman dilators when required (Figure 3). Patients were seen at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after UD and then yearly thereafter. Success was defined as ability to void with no or rare need for clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) after 1 year and without repeat UD. Failure was defined as recurrent LUS requiring repeat UD, chronic CIC, and/or urinary diversion (suprapubic tube).


The laboratory safety and environmental protection are attracting more and more attention in recent years.A lot of human and material resources have been invested in laboratory construction.However,because at present there are no specific laboratory specifications and requirements in China,the damage to experimenters from polluted air is still prevalent.In the "100 Percent Fresh Air" laboratory,the airflow is orderly controlled with 100% fresh air VAV airflow control system by SEFA and ANSI requirements,which ensures the safety of experimental environment and protects the health of laboratory personnel.


............................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................ 7 Introduction................................................................................................................ 7 Introduction.............................................................................................................. 7 Why counselling? .................................................................................................... 8 My connection with counselling.............................................................................. 9 The organisation of the thesis ................................................................................ 12 SECTION ONE: ...................................................................................................... 14 COUNSELLING: THE NEW ZEALAND CASE ............................................... 14 CHAPTER TWO ..................................................................................................... 15 The Ambiguous Domain of Counselling ................................................................ 15 Introduction............................................................................................................ 15 The connection between counselling and psychology........................................... 17 How has counselling developed in New Zealand? ................................................ 22 Further development: the shift from state to market?............................................ 27 CHAPTER THREE................................................................................................. 35 Professionalisation and Counselling....................................................................... 35 Introduction............................................................................................................ 35 The sociology of professionalisation ..................................................................... 36 Critical approaches to the study of professions and professionalisation ............... 38 Professionalisation as myth ................................................................................... 40 Counselling and the professionalisation myth ....................................................... 43 Professionalisation as strategy ............................................................................... 44 The professional project as a research focus ......................................................... 45 Professionalisation as competition for jurisdiction................................................ 50 Counselling and competition for jurisdiction ........................................................ 51 Government-profession relations........................................................................... 55 Professionalisation as an arrangement between an occupation and government .. 56 Professionalisation and gender .............................................................................. 58 Professionalisation of counselling as competition and co-operation..................... 61 Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 62


A large amount of studies has shown that numbers are mapped onto space. A common assumption based on this research is that numbers are mapped from low to high on a horizontal axis. The mapping direction – left to right or right to left – depends on cultural practices like reading and counting direction. Several studies have shown that even counting direction of most preschool children is congruent with left-to-right number-space mapping (e.g. Opfer & Furlong, 2011; Shaki, Fisher, & Goebel, 2012). The aim of the current study was to replicate these findings with preschool children in the Netherlands.


Iowa darters, Etheostoma exile, are commonly found throughout the Lake Superior watershed. However, given their abundance and non-game status, little is known about basic life history characteristics of these fish. Iowa darters were seined from Inch Lake (Bayfield County, WI) in May of 2010 and 2011 to assess sexual dimorphism in sizes. Collected fish were immediately frozen and later thawed and measured for total length (TL) and total weight (TW), and dissected to remove the gonads which were also weighed. Somatic weight (SW) was calculated for each fish. The mean TL of males and females did not differ. There was a weak difference in the relationships between log(TW) and log(TL) between male and female Iowa darters. There was a strong difference in the relationships between the log(GW) and log(TL) for males and females. However, a significant difference did not exist between log(somatic weight) and log(TL) between males and females. The weak difference in the TL-TW relationship between males and females appear to be due to the strong difference in the TL-GW relationship between the sexes. Additional research is planned to determine whether differences between males and females occur in age structure and diet.


This paper presents a strategy used in our research to build a distributed user interface designer. In this case, the interfaces are specific learning objects used in synchronous online laboratory activities. In this perspective, our approach is based on the fundamentals of pedagogical engineering methodology, which is the association of processes and principles of the three domains known as pedagogical design, information systems engineering and cognitive engineering. In order to show the usefulness of our approach we used a methodology called MISA, a learning system engineering methodology developed at the LICEF/CIRTA Research Centre in the framework of a research project called Learning Object Repository Network (LORNET).


Under the double incentives of system of tax distribution and promotion tournament,China's local governments increase the subsidy for the firms year by year.We use the data of over 1.8 million big scale enterprises during 2000—2007 to test the impact of governmental subsidies on production efficiency of the firms by using fixed effects model,the results indicate that government subsidies in general improve firms' efficiency and the impact can last more than 3 years,that the regional efficiency differences of the subsidies is significant,the influence on west region is most,then the middle and then eastern region,and that the actual effect of the subsidies depends on industrial characteristics of the firms and the subsidies can only impact 22 industries among 40 ones.Thus,the subsidy policy is positive,meanwhile,the governments should sufficiently consider regional and industrial differences to make the subsidies play more important role when the governments implement the subsidy policy.


As a new kind of dispensing technology, jetting dispensing has a broad application prospect. The dispenser driven by two piezoelectric stacks can realize high frequency and nano dispensing to some certain viscosity of adhesive. In order to analyze the dynamic character of the needle, The model of the dispenser is established, and simulated with Matlab. Then two piezoelectric stacks' input voltages which affect the needle's stroke and velocity of its downward movement are analyzed. At last, in order to validate the model, measurement is carried out and compared with the result of simulation.


Chinese paper-cut art and the plane composition have different approaches but equally satisfactory results. As one of the Chinese traditional arts, paper-cut contains abundant plane composition elements in its way of expressing.


Abstract The present study examined impacts of an interactive psycho-educational training in sexual and gender minority (SGM) issues for military sexual assault victims' advocates (SAVA). Twenty-seven SAVA personnel completed pre–post demographic, SGM health literacy, negative attitudes toward lesbians and gay men (ATLG), and training feedback questionnaires. The training (a) yielded positive gains in SGM health literacy; (b), was favorably rated, and (c) had no impact on participant negative ATLG. Intent to use training content was highest for female SAVA personnel and those higher in pre-training SGM health literacy. The training demonstrates preliminary positive impacts with regard to health literacy and intent to implement training content.


Magnetotelluric data along a profile in the East Dabie Mountains was collected, which is across the ultra-high pressure metamorphic belt, in NNE direction. By data-analysis and interpretation, the two-dimensional electrical structure of crust-upper mantle of Dabie orogen is obtained, indicating that the North Huaiyang Tectonic Belt and Dabie Block are different tectonic units. They are separated by the Xiaotian-Mozitan fault, which is dipping north and probably decoupled in the mid-lower crust. Four electrical layers can be identified from surface to depth, which are the surficial weathering layer, the high resistivity layer in mid-upper crust, the relatively high conductive layer in the crust and the mantle layer. In the Dabie Block, the mid-upper crust is mainly of high resistivity, and corresponding with the distribution area of ultra-high pressure metamorphic rock, of which the thickest portion is below Yuexi-Yingshan. In the Dabie Block, there maybe exist channels of granitic magma activity of the Yanshan Period (205~66Ma), which make further uplift of the ultra-high pressure metamorphic rocks and affect the distribution of inner-crust high conductive layers and cause great difference in depth of the high conductive layer.


The previously-introduced measurement vector insertion method (MVIM) is a promising technique for providing three-phase current measurements using a single dc-link current sensor. If MVIM is combined with discontinuous PWM (DPWM), the number of added switching events can be significantly reduced. Additional advantages include a reduction of the unmeasurable regions by as much as 50%, and improved modulator linearity in the overmodulation region. A hybrid strategy that uses DWPM in the high-modulation-index region and conventional continuous SVPWM for all lower values of modulation index is proposed in order to maximize the advantages of the DPWM algorithm while minimizing its limitations. A combination of analysis, simulation, and experimental tests is used to demonstrate the attractive performance characteristics of the proposed MVIM enhancement technique


3. Luke xiii. 18, 19. THERE remains a passage which is much briefer in itself, and can be treated very much more briefly, than the 'defensive discourse,' but which supplies evidence pointing in the same direction. It is the Parable of the Mustard Seed, which Matthew (1331f.) and Mark (~3°av) place in their collections of seven and three parables respectively, as spoken by the sea of Galilee somewhat ,early in the ministry, but which Luke places much iater, subjoining it to, and seeming by aE-/Ev oiw to connect it with, the deep impression made in a synagogue by the healing of a woman which had I


Many lettered-words employed in modern Chinese are characterized by being simple and direct. However, overuse and abuse of the lettered words in Chinese have given rise to some problems and concerns, which need to be addressed.


This paper considers an efficient back propagation algorithm using dynamic optimal learn rate .The optimal learn rate is obtained by a iteration formula. This algorithm has the following merits: simpleness of computation, quickness of convergence and high precision. The simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of this algorithm.


Six hundred and twelve individuals from 9 Chinese indigenous pig breeds,3 Western commercial breeds and 1 cultivated breed and four hundred and eighteen F_2 animals from a White Duroc ×Erhualian resource population were genotyped at the MC4R Asp298Asn locus using PCR-TaqI-RFLP.Association analysis were performed to evaluate the correlation of the MC4R polymorphisms with several growth and carcass traits including weights at 210 days and 240 days,the average daily gain from birth to 240 days,the backfat thickness at shoulder,the last rib,6-7~(th) rib and hip joint,and the percentage of abdominal fat.The results show that(1) the high frequencies of the G allele were observed in the tested Chinese indigenous pig breeds,Landrace and Duroc,while the high frequencies of the A allele were present in Large White and Nanchang White pigs;(2) MC4R Asp298Asn substitution was significantly associated with the growth and carcass traits in the White Duroc ×Erhualian F_2 population,and individuals having the GG genotype were fatter and faster-growing animals compared with AA and AG individuals.Our result further convinced that MC4R had significant effects on the growth and fatness traits in pigs.


Mobile communication devices have become popular tools for communicating among people. This paper is a launcher for sending/receiving secured SMS/Multimedia files using Blowfish algorithm. A smart mobile application on android platform is introduced as an application that helps the user to encrypt the message (SMS/Multimedia files) before it is transmitted over the mobile network. The new idea of the program is to transmit encrypted messages and multimedia files or any other type of files via mobile networks or the internet as an alternative mean. Utilizing the internet takes place through a secured hosting website with a user name and password integrated in the program. To maintain intensive security, a private key encrypts the files and another private key encrypts file name. The transferring media is maintained online in the absence of mobile network coverage.


The encounter of the meteoric material from 73P/Schmassmann--Wachmann~3 produced during the comet's 1995 outburst in May 2022 provides a rare and valuable opportunity to understand a fragmenting comet. Here we explore various ejection configurations and their impact on the meteor outburst detected in the early hours of UT 2022 May 31. We show that the dust must have been ejected $\sim4$ to $5\times$ faster than calculated by water-ice sublimation model to best match the observed meteor activity. As only a small subset of particles with a narrow range of cross-section is expected to have reached the Earth, the large spread of meteor brightness likely indicates the presence of large but porous meteoroids in the trail. Other effects such as an enhanced lunar sodium tail and a visible glow from the meteoroid trail may have also occurred during the encounter.


. We study a nonlinearly coupled Schr¨odinger equations in R N (2 ≤ N < 6) . Assume that the potentials in the system are continuous functions satisfying some suitable decay assumptions but without any symmetric properties, and the parameters in the system satisfy some restrictions. Applying the Liapunov-Schmidt reduction methods twice and combining localized energy method, we prove that the problem has infinitely many positive synchronized solutions.


Differential detection of modulation from polymeric-spacer reflection etalons can provide enhanced detectability for the small modulation efficiencies of these devices. Thus, imaging arrays of modulator pairs onto arrays of detector pairs can provide highly parallel optical interconnects for very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique using a discrete pair of photodiodes.


The world moves because molecules move. Studying the motion of molecules is important to the understanding of many critically important concepts in physics, chemistry and biology. A fundamental goal of scientific research is to learn how things work, which at the microscopic level primarily means how atoms and molecules move to perform certain functions such as chemical reactions, molecular recognition and protein synthesis.


It is shown that the physical interpretation of Elie Cartan three-dimensional space torsion as couple asymmetric stress, has the effect of damping, previously Riemannian unstable Couette planar shear flow, leading to stability of the flow in the Lagrangean sense. Actually, since the flow speed is inversely proportional to torsion, it has the effect of causing a damping in the planar flow atenuating the instability effect. In this sense we may say that Cartan torsion induces shear viscous asymmetric stresses in the fluid, which are able to damp the instability of the flow. The stability of the flow is computed from the sectional curvature in non-Riemannian three-dimensional manifold. Marginal stability is asssumed by making the sectional non-Riemannian curvature zero, which allows us to determine the speeds of flows able to induce this stability. The ideas discussed here show that torsion plays the geometrical role of magnetic field in hydromagnetic instability of Couette flows recently investigated by Bonnano and Urpin (PRE, (2007,in press) can be extended and applied to plastic flows with microstructure defects. Recently Riemannian asymmetric stresses in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) have been considered by Billig (2004).


Adjustment of rats to the 23-hr. food deprivation schedule was affected by presence or absence of water during the daily 1-hr. food-intake period. Ss with water adjusted in 15–20 days; Ss without water required an estimated 30–35 days to adjust.


Summary The influence of 9-β-d-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) on DNA synthesis in an intact cell system was studied, using mouse lymphoma cells (L5178Y) in suspension culture. These cells are characterized by the low adenosine deaminase level of 23 enzyme units/10 8 cells. In synchronized cells, the deoxyadenosine 5′-triphosphate (dATP) pool increased from 1.3 pmoles/10 6 cells during G 1 phase to 4 pmoles/10 6 cells during S phase. ara-A was intracellularly heavily phosphorylated to 9-β-d-arabinofuranosyladenine 5′-triphosphate (ara-ATP); 61% of the total ara-A uptake was present as ara-ATP; the pool size of ara-ATP was approximately 1 pmole/10 6 cells. The DNA polymerase α activity increased 4-fold during transition from G 1 to S phase, while the β enzyme remained constant. The RNA polymerase I and II activity changed only slightly during G 1 and S phase. These parameters, all of which were capable of influencing DNA synthesis, were not altered in amount during incubation of the cells with ara-A concentrations capable of inhibiting cellular DNA synthesis almost completely. When the intracellular dATP pool size was increased, the potency of ara-A in inhibiting cell proliferation diminished. From these results we conclude that the ara-A-caused reduction of cell proliferation is a consequence of a competitive inhibition of DNA polymerase α by ara-ATP. This conclusion is also supported by a calculation using the Michaelis constant for dATP and the inhibitor constant for ara-ATP of DNA polymerase α, as well as by the intracellular dATP and ara-ATP pool sizes. By a double ara-A block, an unsynchronized cell population can be synchronized to 62%.


Contents: Foreword Innovation systems and capabilities in developing regions: concepts, issues and cases, Willie Siyanbola, Abiodun Egbetokun, Boladale Abiola Adebowale and Olumuyiwa Olamade Part I Conceptual and Theoretical Contributions: Systems of innovation and capability: an institutional perspective, Banji Oyelaran-Oyeyinka The contributions of quality infrastructure to national innovation systems: implications for development policy, Jorge GonA alves and Jan Peuckert. Part II Innovation Systems Case Studies: Indian innovation system: an overview of some key features, Rajendra Prasad Formation of emerging technological innovation systems in Iran: the nanotechnology sector, Mehdi Mohammadi, Hojatollah Hajihoseini and Mahdi Elyasi Knowledge transfer and the biopharmaceutical innovation system in Taiwan, ShihHsin Chen, Ian Forbes and Paul Martin Urban water innovation systems in newly industrialising countries: case studies of Brazil, China, India and South Africa, Jan Peuckert. Part III Innovation, Technological Learning and Capabilities: The complexity of innovation capabilities development: interaction between strategic capabilities: the case of Hylsa, Carlos E. Atoche-Kong How firms develop technological capabilities through acquisition of foreign technology: case studies from Sri Lanka, Dilupa Nakandala, Tim Turpin and Terry Sloan Technological discontinuity and industrial catch-up: a study on the Chinese flat panel display industry, Sungho Rho Patent and innovation: how well are universities and research institutions in Botswana positioned?, Njoku Ola Ama. Part IV Learning and Interactions within Systems: Determinants of public research organizations-industry interactions in latecomer pharmaceutical research and development: an analysis of different phases of the innovation process in the case of Mexico, Fernando Santiago and Gabriela DutrA(c)nit Innovation and social capital in small and medium enterprises: the case of bamboo handicraft in Indonesia, Aloysius Gunadi Brata Networking capabilities and innovation in a traditional small scale agro-industry: the ACOPANELA cooperative in El Salvador, Andrew Cummings and Eleonora Cogo Learning innovation and technological performance in the Nigerian and Malaysian oil palm sector, Boladale Abiola Adebowale and Abiodun Egbetokun Conclusions and implications for policy and practice, Willie Siyanbola, Abiodun Egbetokun, Boldale Abiola Adebowale and Olumuyiwa Olamade Index.


Scholars under the Qing Dynasty gave high praises on the Ming-Qing novel structure, but later scholars not. The analysis of their differences may expose an important feature of Jin Shengtan's comments on novels, namely, commenting on a novel structure in the writing style of argumentation. In his work, Collected Ancient Articles for Talented Scholars, Jin mainly chose and commented those argumentative articles, paying little attention to their narrative devices. Similarly, Jin Shengtan used to neglect narration in novels and tended to comment on the novel structure with tactics of argumentation. Owing to such an essential feature, it is fundamentally wrong to use Western or modern ideas of narration to explore Jin Shengtan's structural criticisms.


A therapy that uses the immune system to fight cancer has been 97% effective in mice and is moving to human trials.


A flotation method using stubble pieces of sugarcane was more efficient in sampling underground sugarcane mealybugs, Saccharicoccus sacchari than were flotation using stools or cores or the dry probe method using stools, cores or single‐stalk stubble pieces. Above‐ground populations were distributed randomly within a stool. Total number of mealybugs per sample could be estimated from the number of adults per sample.


The studies aimed to determine the referral rate, the characteristics of patients referred, the reasons for referral and, in a sub‐sample, its outcome. Study I recorded data on 602 patients referred to hospital from 13 rural clinics; follow‐up interviews were conducted with a sub‐sample of 57 referred patients. Study II interviewed 97 consecutive outpatients seeking care at Meru District Hospital. Both studies were carried out in a rural area of Meru district in central Kenya. The 602 referred cases represent between 0.3 and 1.8% of all new patients at the respective clinic with a mean of 0.5%, or 8.7 referrals annually per 1000 catchment area population. More than half of the referrals were for treatment only while 13% were for investigation, 63% were considered urgent, and 85% were referred in writing. Of the 57 subsequently interviewed, all except one had complied, and 52 patients, mostly with infections, injuries or obstetric disorders, reported improvement at the time of interview. The second study found that only 19 (20%) of the 97 outpatients had been referred (11 in writing and 8 verbally). Rates of formal clinic‐to‐hospital referral were very low. Reasons included poor access to transport; patient inability to pay user fees, transport outlays, and other expenses; time constraints in emergency situations; and lack of feedback information from hospital to clinic. Verbal referral was common. Further research should focus on the selection of patients for referral, on follow‐up of cases referred, on the communication between institutions involved, and on options for the financing of emergency transport to hospital.


A study of the effects of cyclical rhythm and hormonal contraception on serum fat-mobilizing activity glycerol cholesterol and whole blood glucose during 2 menstrual cycles in a group of normally menstruating young women and a group of young women using hormonal contraception is presented. A third group of normal males were used as controls. 20 ml of blood was obtained during the follicular ovulatory and luteal phases of menstruation and once every week from the male group. There was no change in mean levels of the parameters studied in the 2 groups within a particular phase. There was a higher overall mean value of serum cholesterol concentration in the hormonal contraceptors than in the noncontraceptor group (7% level of statistical significance). The male control group had a much lower overall mean glycerol level than did the 2 other groups combined (.01>p>.001). No cyclical pattern was detectable in the male subjects.


The development of digital twins of the urban ecosystem is gaining popularity and is the mainstream of the digital development of the territories of the world. Already today, there are domestic developments for the creation of digital twins, including the urban ecosystem. The aim of the article is to provide a theoretical description of the essence of the digital twin of a city and an overview of existing platforms for creating digital twins of an urban ecosystem to ensure the quality of life of the population. Research objectives: to identify the prerequisites for the creation of digital twins; to determine the essence of the definitional basis of the digital twin in the context of existing theoretical analogs; to characterize the conceptual foundations of creating digital twins of the urban ecosystem in Russia and the world, to identify the advantages of their development to maintain the quality of life of the population; to give an idea of the methodology for the development and functioning of digital twins of the urban ecosystem; to conduct a comparative analysis of the capabilities and functionality of digital platforms and technologies for the development of digital twins of the urban ecosystem; to conduct a comparative analysis of the existing digital twins of the urban ecosystem of the world. As a result of the study, data on existing domestic digital platforms and technologies for the development of digital twins of the urban ecosystem were obtained, their comparative analysis was carried out, advantages were identified, and the possibility of achieving technological leadership and competitiveness in this area in the world market was determined. Descriptive, analytical, and comparative methods were used as research methods. The results of the study showed that the use of digital twins of the urban ecosystem will allow municipal authorities to obtain effective levers of management, and the population - to ensure a high quality of their own life.


Title TLR2 シグナルは MDSCの生存と抑制活性を増強する [論文内容及び審査の要旨] Author(s) 丸山, 晃 Citation 北海道大学. 博士(医学) 甲第11687号 Issue Date 2015-03-25 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/58827 Rights(URL) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.1/jp/ Type theses (doctoral abstract and summary of review) Note 配架番号:2169 Additional Information There are other files related to this item in HUSCAP. Check the above URL. File Information Akira_Maruyama_abstract.pdf (論文内容の要旨)


We approach teaching management of nursing practice in surgical department of TCM hospital and emphasize that the key is to complete management system and regulate clinical teaching data.We should highlight clinical teaching of TCM nursing in theoretical teaching,TCM nursing operation training,inspection,performance and training of nurse graduates as well as teaching feedback to adjust teaching strategies.


Based on the functional requirements of campus safety monitoring in colleges and universities,this paper expounds and analyzes the concrete composition of campus safety monitoring system in accordance with the present development situations of monitoring technology and equipment,and suggests solutions to campus security monitoring.


Report on a case of juvenile macular degeneration manifesting as dysplasia of the pigment layer of the posterior pole, accompanied by a hair abnormality, congenital total hypotrichosis.


The Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) is conducting intensive research in the design and development of a small, excore heat‐pipe‐thermionic space nuclear reactor power system (SEHPTR). Progress in this research effort has identified the need for an in‐space flight demostration of a thermionic heat pipe element. The proposed demonstration will examine the performance of such a device and verify its operation in microgravity. This paper focuses on the design of a microsatellite‐based technology demonstration experiment to measure the effects of microgravity on the performance of an integrated thermionic heat pipe device in low earth orbit. Two scenarios, THERMION‐I and THERMION‐II, emerged from the design process. Selection between the two will depend upon yet undermined experiment lifetime requirements.THERMION‐I is designed for a long‐lifetime (greater than one year) investigation of the operations of the thermionic heat pipe element in low earth orbit. Heat input to the element is furnished b...


This review article allows us to know the ongoing research process, whose general objective is to establish research trends in the Radiodiagnosis and Radiotherapy Technology program. Its purpose is to properly direct the research, enabling its practice in specific knowledge, so that the research spirit is disseminated in the student. Through the development of the specific objectives, the degree projects presented from 2012 to 2016 will be classified, making an analysis and interpretation of the central contributions of student research. For this, a descriptive methodology with a hermeneutical approach is used, which facilitates the collection of information through a document review sheet and thus determine the thematic orientation developed in each investigation, according to the thematic axes and areas of knowledge treated within the program, and obtain as a result, the consolidation of research trends. In this way, the area and the thematic axis to which most of the student degree works can be determined. It is also conceived as a result, the determination of a new thematic axis.


Ancient Ballads and Sayings compiled by Du Wenlan in the Qing Dynasty, collected more than 3300 ballads and sayings from the pre-Qin to Ming Dynasty, provided their sources, inspected and discriminated knotty points in them, thus takes the lead in similar writings. But it is not perfect until four mistakes are corrected and sixteen missing ballads and sayings are supplemented.


After accessing to WTO,agriculture in Shanxi is facing numerous new oppounities and challeges and new policy is needed.The following is of significance:First,to protect food production for social stability and safety;Second,to strengthen "White Agriculture" to ensure food safety under principles of three colour agriculture;Third,to promote science and technology progress for agriculture quality production;Fourthly,to pay enough attention to non staple cereal production;Fifth,to develop food and procession industry for farming products and by products and sixth,to establish leading industries and to promote agri-industry business.


Crisis response operations (CROs) become the universal means used to solve a crisis situation. Their goal is preventing a potential conflict, responding and removing the effects of conflict and restoring pre-crisis situations. A wide range of these operations can be used in response to various crisis situations: natural disasters or armed conflicts. All of these factors and their flexibility speak for their effectiveness. Therefore, the number of publications about CROs is still increasing. Usually, the experts try to establish why operations were successful or failed but don't explain how an assessment was accomplished. The observed properties of the theory indicate the biggest gaps in the evaluation of CROs. Noticing a gap led the author to conduct research on the evaluation of the CROs, some of which are presented in this article.

https://securityanddefence.pl/pdf-103304-36210?filename=The essence of evaluation.pdf


Abstract As part of an extensive ecosystem study, the fate of the bacterioplankton community was followed in the tidal Oosterschelde basin and in the stagnant but saline Lake Grevelingen, The Netherlands. At regular intervals, bacterioplankton biomass, percentages of bacteria attached to particles, bacterioplankton productivity and oxygen consumption rates, together with a number of environmental parameters, were determined. With respect to biomass, productivity and oxygen consumption rates, no significant differences were observed between the two coastal basins. However, the mean percentages of attached bacteria were high in the tidal Oosterschelde basin compared to the stagnant Lake Grevelingen. This could be explained by the observed difference in amounts of colonizable particles. On an annual basis, however, the percentages of attached bacteria were not significantly correlated with the amounts of suspended particles at the sampling stations. A significant, but negative correlation was found between the percentages of attached bacteria and the bacterioplankton productivities at the sampling stations. A probable mechanism for such a negative correlation is discussed. By size fractionation experiments, bacterioplankton contribution to overall oxygen consumption rates was determined. These contributions amounted to 58% and 94% in spring and winter, respectively. From specific bacterioplankton dissimilation and assimilation rates, mean bacterioplankton carbon conversion coefficients of 26% and 6% were calculated in spring and winter, respectively. These percentages are discussed in the light of probable seasonal differences in the supply of substrates for the bacterioplankton community.


Instrumental observations of the climate of southwestern Colorado date back to about 1880. Climatic conditions since the late 19th century will be described with emphasis on temperatures, temperature ranges and observed precipitation. Typical seasonal patterns of temperature and precipitation will be shown, and variations and apparent trends over time will be discussed. Drought characteristics will be described based on a standardized precipitation index developed for Colorado. Finally, brief comments on the challenge of collecting accurate and consistent long-term data will be given.


Violation of the pedestrian present invention using at least the installation of one or more camera and collects the video data taken from this, the vehicle and based on the status signal and the image of the pedestrian traffic signal waiting vehicle stops of, as well as pedestrian crossing on the intersection determining whether to selectively relates to intelligent intersection illegal vehicle monitoring system that performs the genealogical broadcast or intermittent, particularly in the illegal vehicle monitoring system for intersections, group generate a state signal according to the set conditions, the building at the junction and transmitting the status signal to the vehicle or pedestrian traffic light controller to control the traffic; Including one or more cameras and a shooting area of each lane of the intersection in real time, the image providing unit for transmitting the recorded video signal; The video service control unit, and to receive and store the video signal that is transmitted from the state signal and the video data providing units to be transmitted in the traffic light controller, and an intermittent target vehicle of the image for each lane depending on the status signals of the vehicle or pedestrian traffic lights intermittent server to optionally specify; It is characterized by including a; and the intermittent server and oil, integrated control server for connecting through a wireless network is received, stored and monitored by this section the intermittent data to be analyzed and processed in the intermittent server.


The present invention relates to an assembly and a cargo unmanned conveying device (1) and the mobile device for delivering (2) (4). The mobile device (4) is making cargo (2) to accommodate the container from the unmanned conveying device (1) (3), lifted from the housing a cargo container (3) to the conveying device (1), and / or, the cargo is designed to move between the conveying device (1) and receiving container (2). In each case, the cargo is induced by the moving device (4).


This paper gives an overview of the Icelandic data in the Nordic Word Order Database (NWD; Lundquist et al. 2019). The data were collected from 30 native speakers of Icelandic, and the experimental task elicited argument placement (subject shift, object shift, long object shift, particle shift). The results confirm that subject shift of definite subjects and pronouns is produced categorically in Icelandic, as is pronominal object shift. With regard to the placement of non-pronominal objects relative sentence adverbials and particles, there is, on the other hand, variability. Rather surprisingly, the results suggest that the placement of subjects (initial or postverbal) influences non-pronominal object shift. With respect to the ordering of objects and particles, the distinction between directional and metaphorical particles is relevant. The patterns are partly different from what we find in the comparable data from the other North Germanic languages (also available in NWD).


We are optimistic about the ability of our social institutions to respond to the challenges of environmental degradation, but recognize that (a) restoring environmental quality to a world inclined towards rapidly-increasing consumption of resources and generation of wastes will require profound institutional changes, and (b) environmental challenges cannot be separated from the global-scale issue of achieving an equitable distribution of resources. Conventional economics practically ignores environmental consequences, and is inadequate to the challenge of environmental restoration. A new way of 'doing business' is called for. Three industries — energy, agriculture, and automobiles — have a responsibility to become the avant garde of global environmentalism, owing to the large toll which they exact in resource utilization and pollution, and for the almost universal role that each of these industries plays in the planet's diverse societies. In order to effect changes of an appropriate magnitude, these industries will need to reorient their priorities and goals — as will the institutions with which they routinely interact, including governments, research and development, and financial institutions.


DNA sequencing and assembly spans life-altering applications like disease diagnosis to answering questions about our ancestory. Sequencing involves state-of-the-art machines generating nucleic acid sequences (AGCT) from wet samples like blood or salvia, followed by aligning these sequences against known reference sequences. Due to the rapid advancement in sequence generation machines relative to Moore's law, the second step (alignment) has now become the bottleneck. Today's state-of-the-art technology for alignment runs software like BWA-MEM on a cluster of high performance general purpose machines that cannot keep up with the rapid rate of data generated by each new generation of sequencer machines. Recent proposals from academia that claim orders of magnitude alignment speedup come at a cost of significant disruption to the hardware and software currently in use in the industry. In this work, we propose MPU-BWM, a hardware-software solution that achieves orders of magnitude speedup (57<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="vijayaraghavan-ieq1-2849064.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> over single core x86) on the state-of-the-art BWA-MEM algorithm, with non-intrusive integration to existing processing clusters and with minimal modifications to the BWA-MEM software.


Abstract Twist extrusion is a recently developed method of severe plastic deformation that principally uses torsion to generate high strains in a repeatedly extruded billet, while maintaining a constant cross-section. The method thus results in a deformation gradient across the billet section. To date, the grain refinement behaviour of alloys deformed by twist extrusion have only been investigated qualitatively. In this study high resolution electron backscattered diffraction has been used to quantify the deformation structures produced by twist extrusion, in a model, single-phase, Al-0.13 % Mg alloy, with the aim of investigating the potential of the technique for producing ultra-fine grained metals, as well as the homogeneity of the microstructure and strain distribution in processed billets.


At present, the open source PaaS components are still mainly based on the X86 architecture. Due to different computing architectures, they cannot be directly run on the ARM platform, which seriously hinders the development of the ARM cloud native ecosystem. This study addresses the difficult issues of low efficiency and poor effectiveness in component cross platform migration, and proposes a basic methodology for component migration to ARM architecture, as well as key technical solutions such as compilation, validation, and optimization. Through cross platform migration and performance optimization of typical components, the effectiveness of the technical solutions is verified, which has a positive promoting effect on the widespread application of open-source PaaS components on ARM platforms.


# Background

Female asylum seekers remain vulnerable even after resettling in high-income countries. Few studies address sexual health knowledge in this population. This study aims to determine whether female asylum seekers possess less sexual health knowledge than the general female population in New York City (NYC).

# Methods

A survey evaluating sexual health knowledge was administered to ten female asylum seekers in NYC and to a general population sample of fifty women in NYC. Two-tailed Student's t-tests were employed to evaluate the statistical significance of the differences in knowledge scores between the two groups, and Fisher's exact tests were used to examine associations between categorical variables.

# Results

On average, female asylum seekers scored 18.8% lower (95% confidence interval, CI=7.3-30.4, *P*=0.002) on sexual and reproductive health questions, 14.0% lower (95% CI=2.8-25.2, *P*=0.016) on contraception questions, 14.3% lower (95% CI=3.5-25.1, *P*=0.011) on questions about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and 15.1% lower (95% CI=6.4-23.9, *P*<0.001) overall compared to the control group. Female asylum seekers were, on average, aware of 1.2 fewer (95% CI= 0.1-2.4, *P*=0.040) of the 11 listed contraception methods and of 1.1 fewer (95% CI=0.3-1.8, *P* = 0.006) of the five listed STDs.

# Conclusions

Female asylum seekers were found to be less knowledgeable about sexual health than a general population of women in NYC. We additionally highlight a feasible strategy for recruiting participants from a population that is traditionally difficult to access.


AML patients over the age of 60 years have a poor prognosis, share disease characteristics with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients, and warrant novel therapeutic approaches. Lenalidomide has immunomodulatory and anti-neoplastic properties which can induce morphologic and cytogenetic responses in MDS patients, including those with excess blasts. We hypothesized that lenalidomide may be active against AML, and have employed a high dose strategy without dose reductions for hematologic toxicities. Here, we report preliminary results from a phase II study of high dose lenalidomide for front-line treatment of AML ≥ 60 without chromosome 5q deletion or favorable cytogenetics. Treatment included 2 cycles of high dose lenalidomide (50mg/day x 14 days, 30 days of rest, 50mg/day x 21 days), followed by maintenance therapy (10 mg/day) in non-progressing patients. Fifteen patients were enrolled in the first stage between 2/27/07 and 8/3/07. Median age was 71 years (range 60–86 years); ECOG performance status was 0 (4/15, 27%), 1 (10/15, 67%), or 2 (1/15, 7%); 11/15 (73%) patients were male; and 5/15 (33%) patients had prior MDS. Cytogenetics were normal (n=9), loss of chromosome 7 (n=2), loss of chromosome 20 (n=1), trisomy 13 (n=1), or complex (n=2). Overall, the treatment regimen was well tolerated. In the first stage of the study, 12/15 patients are evaluable for day 15 bone marrow and peripheral blood blast changes following the initial high dose lenalidomide cycle (50 mg/day x 14 days). Pre-therapy WBC counts (mean ± SEM) were 13,825 ± 4,447/uL (range 1,100–45,300/uL) and day 15 WBC counts were 4,742 ± 2,136/uL (range 300–24,400/uL). Day 15 bone marrow myeloblast percentages were significantly reduced in 9/12 patients (mean ± SEM decrease of 53 ± 10%, P=0.01, range 18–100%). In addition, the bone marrow blast index (% cellularity x fraction of blasts) decreased significantly after 14 days of high dose lenalidomide (mean ± SEM reduction of 66 ± 11%, P=0.02). Moreover, 5/8 patients with circulating blasts at diagnosis showed clearance of their peripheral blasts at day 15. These findings suggest that lenalidomide is an active agent against acute myeloid leukemia. Results on AML blast changes, response by international working group criteria, and toxicities in this patient cohort with ≥4 months of follow-up will be updated and presented.


(1) Institute of Atmospheric Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,China (firstname.lastname@example.com), (2) Institute of Atmospheric Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,China (email@example.com), (3) Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,China (firstname.lastname@example.com), (4) Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,China (firstname.lastname@example.com)


With the global deployment of RPKI, a lot of concerns about technical
problems have been and will be raised. In this draft, we collect and
analyze the problems that have appeared or that seem likely to appear
during the process of RPKI deployment, and suggest some solutions to
address or mitigate these problems.


Beginning with the introduction of the single-phase voltage-source pulse rectifier operation principle,this paper analyzed the second harmonic current.The design method of the second resonance circuit was presented and the influence when the filter circuit's parameters had offset was analyzed in detail too.At last the analysis conclusion is conformed by the computer simulation and the circuit test.


Monte Carlo methods are a class of computational algorithms that rely on repeated random sampling to compute their results. These methods implemented in varsity application, which is used for solving certain stochastic or deterministic problems. In practical application it is crucial to calculate the surface area for environmental objects such as lakes, Islands, and Oil slick. In this work we focus on computing the surface area for different shapes of lakes. Suppose we have an irregular region whose area can't be calculated with convectional mathematical methods. Such regions might be approximated using a Monte Carlo simulation. The idea behinds Monte Carlo simulation is to surround the irregular shape (lake) by a regular shape such as rectangle, triangle, or circle. The areas of these regular shapes are easily to be calculated. We started to shoot randomly K points (darts) in a surrounded regular area. Let N represents the number of points that ended up in the irregular region (lake); such that K ≤ N. We could estimate the lake area using the following formula: Surrounded Area * N) (K / = Area Lake The suggested proposal calculates any irregular shapes using an image processing techniques have been implemented using clusters algorithm. The simulated results have been compared with the regular shapes beside other available studies. The results appeared quite satisfactory results. KeywordMonte Carlo Simulation, Image Processing, cluster algorithm


The existence of "sovereign consumer", appealed by the adherents of free market cult, is jeopardized, within the context of economic reality, by the manifestation of some market failures. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is the argumentation of the importance of direct consumer protection as an instrument for assuring his sovereignty within market economy.


FORMIND is an individual-based, spatially semi-explicit, dynamic forest model. 2 Spatially semi-explicit means that trees are assigned to a spatial 20x20m grid. 3 Trees have no explicit position within a grid cell, and, horizontally, their crown 4 area is homogeneously distributed across their respective grid cell. Trees mostly 5 interact within grid cells, essentially through the mechanisms that are present 6 in all classical gap models (e.g. Shugart, 1984; Bugmann, 2001): for each tree, 7 growth and establishment depends on the light climate at its crown top. The 8 light climate is determined by the overtopping leaf area. Additional to this 9 central process of competition for light on grid cells, FORMIND implements a 10 number of other processes that act across grid cells such as tree falling and seed 11 dispersal between grid cells. We use the FORMIND model version of Dislich 12 et al. (2009), developed for a tropical rainforest in Ecuardor, with some minor 13 updates that have accumulated since then due to the general development of 14 the model. The FORMIND scheduling within one time step is given in Alg. 1, 15 a visual representation of the model concept in Fig. 1 16 Establishment is modeled as a constant seed rain, meaning that tree re17 generation is independent of relative species abundances in the modeled tree 18 community. Provided that species-speci c light conditions are met, the number 19 of new recruits appearing on a site is a species speci c parameter of the model. 20 There is stochasticity in the recruitment regarding the spatial distribution of 21 recruits. 22 After establishment, mortality acts on all trees individuals. Mortality orig23 inates from four sources: 1) Base mortality: each tree has a species-speci c 24 base mortality rate that is independent of its age and environmental conditions. 25 2) Small trees have an additional species speci c size-dependent mortality (see 26 Dislich et al., 2009, Appendix A). 3) Self-thinning: when the crown area in a 27


The reported work is part of a 3 phased effort to identify human factors issues in the development of aviation technical manuals, and make recommendations for the improvement of those documents. Phase 1 of this research effort surveyed the procedures used by five manufacturers to develop maintenance documentation. Several human factors issues were identified in the development process employed by these manufacturers. They included the reactive rather than proactive use of user evaluations, the limited use of user input and procedure validation, no systematic attempts to track error, and the lack of standards for measuring document quality. Given the issues identified in Phase 1, the objective of Phase 2 was to gather information about errors in technical documents, manual usage rates, and user perceptions of manual quality. Respondents were asked to identify the types of problems encountered with technical documents, the impact of those problems, and suggestions for improving manuals. We also sought to gather information about the differences between manuals developed by different companies. Considering the variability of methods used by manufacturers to develop technical documents, it may be possible to identify techniques and procedures that result in more effective documentation.


An enantioselective and geometrically selective synthesis of the C(1)–C(14) tetraene nitrile unit of calyculin A, using aldol chemistry with (+)-(E)-diisopinocampheylborane and Stille coupling, is described.


A heretofore undefined genetic component has been implicated in the development of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), although not generally considered a hereditary disease. Previous literatures disclosed that 3.8–14% of IgAN patients had genetic predisposition in their family. In our preliminary study, about 10% of biopsy-proven IgAN patients had a family history of haematuria and/or proteinuria. Recently, a linkage analysis of familial IgAN in Italy and US identified the disease susceptibility locus in 6q22–23, IGAN1. To address whether the disease susceptibility to IgAN are involved in this region also in Japanese patients, we conducted an association study of Japanese patients with IgAN using microsatellite markers in this region.


The expected number of airplanes flying is increasing every year. By 2025, U.S. commercial air carriers are projected to fly 2.1 trillion available seats per mile and transport 1.3 billion passengers for a total of 1.7 trillion passenger miles. Furthermore regional carriers are growing faster than mainline carriers (3.8 vs. 2.8 percent a year). This means that if aviation safety does not keep improving, the accident rate will probably increase. Furthermore, studies show that at least 20% of the root causes of accidents arise in the design stages and when safety problems are discovered later on, they are often difficult and expensive to resolve. For these reasons, a methodology has been developed that enables the evaluation of conceptual aircraft design from a safety point of view. It is an approach for conducting a structured analysis that can assess and quantify safety and risks of design features for conceptual aircraft design. In this paper it will be shown that the most important advantage of this methodology is to allow designers to evaluate and compare the total effect of different design options on safety during the conceptual design of aircraft.


Nowadays, problems on water resources has become one of confinement factors in the sustainable development of China. The potentiality of saving on water in our country is very large. So strategy of saving on water is a necessary choice to solve the water crisis. Some concrete measures are put forward in the paper, including consummating of managerial system on water resources, establishing of market-orientated operational mechanism of water resources, utilizing of foul water, construction of water-saving type of industrial system and technological revolution on improving efficiency of water utilizing.


The band gap of few‐layered 2D material is one of the significant issues for the application of practical devices. Due to the outstanding electrical transport property and excellent photoresponse, 2D InSe has recently attracted rising attention. Herein, few‐layered InSe nanosheets with direct band gap are delivered by a facile liquid‐phase exfoliation approach. We have synthesized a photoelectrochemical (PEC)‐type few‐layered InSe photodetector that exhibits high photocurrent density, responsivity, and stable cycling ability in KOH solution under the irradiation of sunlight. The detective ability of such PEC InSe photodetector can be conveniently tuned by varying the concentration of KOH and applied potential suggesting that the present device can be a fitting candidate as an excellent photodetector. Moreover, extendable optimization of the photodetection performance on InSe nanosheets would further enhance the potential of the prepared InSe in other PEC‐type devices such as dye‐sensitized solar cells, water splitting systems, and solar tracking equipment.


Rain is deemed one of the most important climate elements. It must be given special attention for being the basis without which no kind of life in the world can be there. the aim of the study is to use Statistical models Downscaling (SDSM) where it is a universal model used to converting large scale output into a small scale that can be used to study impact at the local scale (Iraq)' to Forecasting cumulative annual rainfall for the next years where there are a few studies used this model in Iraq. Daily rainfall data from the Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismology (IMOS) (2007-2016) for the study areas (Baghdad, Karbala, Al-Hay, Mosul, Kirkuk, Khanaqin, Basra, Nasiriya, Diwaniya, and Rutba) is used to estimate the amount of rainfall by using SDSM. The model was used to estimate the rain values and then the results were compared with the actual values, the results were very close to each other. Also, the model used to predict the cumulative annual rainfall from (2017-2021), The result shows that the bigger amount of rainfall in the north region with (3821) mm and the lowest amount in the west region (665) mm, while middle region (1848) mm and south region (1828) mm.


Four different times and two methods soaking in firedamp liquid were used to investigate effects of different soaking time and method on germination percentage and seedling quality of rice.The results show that the germination percentage of all tested treatments is lower than CK(soaking in water) and reduces with the increase of soaking time.The germination percentages of the treatments with 24h and 36h soaking in firedamp liquid plus 24h soaking in water are 84% and 82.5%,2.5% and 4.0% lower than CK respectively,but their seedling quality is significantly higher than CK.The main factor affecting the germination precentage of rice seeds is firedamp liquid and has nothing to do with the water absorbtion.The method of 24h and 36h soaking in firedamp liquid plus 24h soaking in water can be used in raising rice seedlings.


A widely-used tailings flow slide calculator for predicting the runout distance and timeevolution of the initial surge of mine tailings following the collapse of an earthen tailings dam assumes (1) instantaneous disappearance of the tailings dam (2) one-dimensional shallow laminar flow (3) behavior of tailings as a Bingham plastic. The objective of this study has been to reassess the tailings flow slide calculator in terms of its assumptions, mathematical analysis, and ability to predict the observed runouts of the initial surges. A database of 229 tailings dam failures from 1917 to 2010 was compiled, which included dam height, volume of stored tailings, volume of released tailings, and observed runout. Even using the values of plastic viscosity and Bingham shear strength that maximized runout, the observed runout was underestimated in all but four cases. Moreover, the tailings slide calculator did not predict the strong correlations between runout and release volume (R = 0.84) and storage volume (R = 0.62). The mathematical analysis includes numerous algebraic errors and an incorrect numerical implementation. The most critical assumption is the instantaneous disappearance of the dam. The information that the dam has disappeared propagates upstream at the wave speed and ceases propagating when the toe of the tailings slide has stabilized, which limits the volume of tailings that can be involved in a slide. However, dam failure by seismic activity or flooding has the potential to mobilize the entire body of tailings simultaneously. An improved tailings flow slide calculator will be presented at the meeting.


This study intended to suggest useful implications to the operation of Ddeok cafe with the verification of potential for goods of Ddeok by fully understanding service quality and perceived value of Ddeok and its word-of-mouth intention subjecting on customers of Ddeok cafe. To summarize the analyzing result, first, as for the influence of service quality on emotional value factor of perceived value, it is indicated that reactivity, certainty, and consensual impact a significant influence on emotional value which is a sub-element of perceived value. Second, it is indicated as for the influence of service quality on social value factor of perceived value and reactivity, certainty, and consensual impact a significant influence on social value which is a sub-element of perceived value. Third, as a result of verifying the influence of perceived value of Ddeok cafe customer on word-of-mouth intention, it is indicated that functional and emotional values impact a significant influence on recommendation and re-visit intention. Fourth, it is indicated that in the hypothesis which the service quality in Ddeok cafe will impact a significant influence on word-of-mouth intention, reliability, reactivity, certainty, and consensual a significant influence on recommendation intention which is a sub-element of word-of-mouth intention.


Significant quantities of petroleum occur in algal buildups of Pennsylvanian age in the Paradox basin. Isopach and lithofacies mapping by others suggest that low-relief paleostructures appear to have controlled Pennsylvanian sea-floor topography and thus the distribution of the buildups. Several workers have reported that these paleostructures trend northwest and northeast. Therefore, the basin can be visualized as a End_Page 287------------------------------ mosaic of fault blocks that were differentially active through geologic time. The buildups are elongate northwest, and their distribution and overall shape appear to be controlled by northwest-trending paleostructures. Some larger buildups (i.e., Ismay) show local northeast-trending thicks within an overall northwest-trending buildup. Examination of Landsat imagery revealed an extensive network of northwest-and northeast-trending lineaments that parallel linear patterns apparent from aeromagnetic, gravity, and subsurface isopach data. Additionally, outcrops along selected lineaments contain fractures that parallel these lineaments, suggesting that the lineaments are related to fundamental (i.e., basement) fracture zones along which algal buildups may have developed. Comparison of the fracture network to the distribution of algal thickening reveals these buildups occur predominantly along northwest-trending lineaments. Local disruptions within and apparent terminations of the buildups correspond to cross-cutting northeast-trending lineaments. This relationship provides guidance to locating prospective algal buildups Integration of these data with detailed subsurface mapping can refine some leads into prospects. Several of these features have been successfully drilled. End_of_Article - Last_Page 288------------


Porphyrin-embedded materials (PEMs) combine the tunable binding selectivity, high surface area, and low materials density of a highly ordered pore network with the unique properties of porphyrins. Porphyrins are a family of large, nearly planar molecules which strongly absorb visible light and fluoresce intensely. They are highly sensitively to alterations in their immediate environment making porphyrins valuable as indicators. They are well established electroand photocatalysts and have been used in this capacity in a wide range of applications. Surfactant-templated nanoporous organosilicas have great potential for the adsorption of small molecule contaminants. They can be synthesized with high surface areas, uniform pore dimensions, and ordered nanostructures while incorporating organic bridging groups in the pore walls that may be tuned for adsorption of a specific class of compounds. In the porphyrin-embedded materials, the organosilica scaffold stabilizes the porphyrin and facilitates optimal orientation of porphyrin and target. The materials can be stored under ambient conditions and offer exceptional shelf-life. The selectivity of the materials can be controlled both through incorporation of varying organic bridging groups in the organosilica structure and through selection of the porphyrin component.


International conventions signifies international trade, which in itself would be ineffective if there were no dispute settlement mechanisms. This essay intends to examine how dispute settlement me ...


There was a craze for the new sport of speedway in the 1950s, inspired by stars such as Ken le Breton, Merv Harding and Jackie Gates. The usual venue for this sport of dirt-track motorbike racing was the Ashfield Stadium in Hawthorn Street, and the team based there was the Ashfield Giants.


A wide variety of pathogenic microorganisms have been demonstrated to cause eukaryotic cell death, either as a consequence of infecting host cells or by producing toxic products. Pathogen-induced host cell death has been characterized as apoptosis in many of these systems. It is increasingly being


The invention provides a input buffer circuit for high-speed pipeline analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The input buffer circuit comprises an input pair transistor, a current mirror load, a gain-boosted amplifier and a compensation capacitor, wherein the input pair transistor consists of a first MOS (metal oxide semi-conductor) transistor and a second MOS transistor of a source negative-feedback resistor; the current mirror load consists of a third MOS transistor and a fourth transistor which are connected to each other by a gate; the positive input terminal of the gain-boosted amplifier is connected with the drain of the first MOS transistor, the negative input terminal thereof is connected with the drain of the second MOS transistor, and the output terminal thereof is connected with the gate of the third MOS resistor; and one terminal of the compensation capacitor is connected with the gate of the third MOS transistor, and the other terminal thereof is connected with the drain of the third MOS transistor. The input buffer circuit of the invention is capable of meeting the requirements for the input of high-speed signals, effectively reducing the inputted load capacitance and increasing the outputted impedance.


The deprotonation of [RhRu3H(η5-C5Me5)(CO)9BH2] occurred by loss of an M–H–B bridging hydrogen atom to give [RhRu3H(η5-C5Me5)(CO)9BH]–1; indirect evidence suggests the Rh–H–B proton has been removed. Anion 1 reacts with [AuCl(PPh3)] or [Au2Cl2(dppf)][dppf = 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene] to yield [RhRu3H(η5-C5Me5)(CO)9B{Au(PPh3)}2(AuCl)]2 and [RhRu3H(η5-C5Me5)(CO)9B{Au2(dppf)}(AuCl)]3 respectively rather than expected derivatives of the type [RhRu3(η5-C5Me5)(CO)9BH3 –x(AuL)x](x= 1, 2 or 3). The single crystal structures of 2·CH2Cl2 and 3·CH2Cl2 have been determined: 2·CH2Cl2, monoclinic, space group P21/c, a= 11.944(4), b= 40.870(6), c= 13.313(4)A, β= 108.66(2)°, Z= 4, R= 0.0684; 3·CH2Cl2, monoclinic, space group P21/c, a= 11.919(2), b= 39.350(8), c= 13.520(4)A, β= 108.62(2)°, Z= 4, R= 0.0584. The trigold derivative [RhRu3(η5-C5Me5)(CO)9B{Au(PPh3)}3] was formed either by treating 1 with [{Au(PPh3)}3O][BF4] or treating 2 with PPh3 in the presence of Tl[PF6] or [N(PPh3)2]Cl. The chloride ligand in compound 2 was replaced by iodide through reaction with [NEt4]I. Anion 1 also reacted with [Au2Cl2(dppa)][dppa = bis(diphenylphosphino)acetylene] to give the linked dicluster species [{RhRu3H(η5-C5Me5)(CO)9B(AuCl)}2{µ-Au(dppa)Au}2].


Metal-free micro-replicated conditioning disks are applied to the development of Cu and Cu barrier CMP processes for 22nm technology nodes. Compared with traditional pad conditioners with diamond grits embedded in metal matrix, the micro-replicated conditioners demonstrate lower within-wafer non-uniformity, more stable end-point time, more uniform and controllable pad wear, lower defectivity, and longer pad life time. Used pad analyses provide insights into the effectiveness of conditioning and guidelines for further process improvement.


Geothermal energy is clean and renewable. It is important to understand the fundamental mechanisms and basic approaches to measure the parameters of fluids (steam and water) flowing in porous media. In this article, the techniques for measuring slip factor of steam, steam-water relative permeability, and steam-water capillary pressure were addressed. Also included were the mathematical models to calculate these parameters.

Keywords:

geothermal fluids;
steam and water;
slip factor;
relative permeability;
capillary pressure


Fifteen bone-in hams were injected with curing solutions (five treatments) in which sodium chloride (NaCl) was completely (100%) or partially (50%) replaced with equivalent ionic strengths of either potassium chloride (KCl) or lithium chloride (LiCl). Sodium-containing additives were replaced with potassium-containing additives in four of the treatments. Curing solutions made with LiCl had the lowest pH value (P<0.05); those made with KCl (100% or 50%) had the highest (P<0.05) pH value. Use of KCI (100% or 50%) numerically increased salometer values of curing solutions about 5° above those values for controls. Curing solutions made with LiCl (100%) had salometer values that were about 11° to 14° lower than controls. Hams in which NaCl was completely (100%) or partially (50%) replaced by use of KCI had the most (P<0.05) off-flavor. Because of its toxicity, LiCl is not GRAS approved and we do not recommend its use, but its use in this study resulted in sensory values that more closely approximated those achieved with NaCl than did use of KCl.


This paper proposes a tendon model based on the finite-element method that can represent the interaction between tendon and concrete of the prestressed concrete member. Particularly for multitendon cases, this model is capable of simulating the slip of tendon in concrete duct so it can deal with the prestressing transfer of posttensioned structures and calculate unbonded prestressed structures more efficiently. Another relevant model is also proposed to represent friction and bond at the interface of tendon and concrete. By using these models, a numerical procedure is established for material and geometric nonlinear analysis of prestressed concrete structures, including time-dependent effects due to load history, relaxation of prestress, and creep and shrinkage of concrete. The procedure can predict the responses of pretensioned and bonded or unbonded post-tensioned plane concrete structures such as elastic and plastic deformation, cracking, and damage patterns throughout their prestressing transfer and service-load history. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the present method. Comparison of computed results with experimental ones shows good agreement.


This study used an ecological perspective to examine how daily variation in the time fathers spend in child-care activities was related to emotionally supportive or conflictual father-child interactions and whether fathers' negative mood moderated these associations. Data for the present analyses were from 2 daily diary studies. Both studies asked fathers to report about their daily experiences with their children, including how much time they spent with them and whether or not they had any supportive interactions or conflictual interactions. The first study used daily self-report questionnaires from a sample of fathers in rural upstate New York, and the second study used daily telephone interviews from a national sample of fathers. Results from a series of hierarchical linear models showed that fathers were more likely to have supportive and conflictual interactions on days when they spent more time engaged in child-care activities. The association between time with children and conflictual interactions was greater on days when fathers were in a negative mood. Negative mood did not moderate the association between time with children and emotionally supportive interactions. The findings from this study suggest that when fathers spend more time with their children they are more likely to engage in supportive interactions, regardless of negative mood. Public conceptions of the role of fathers in the family have shifted from viewing fathers primarily as breadwinners and disciplinarians to recognizing fathers as active and nurturing participants in all aspects of childrearing (Lamb, 1997). This public emergence of the "new fatherhood" has prompted researchers to examine how fathers' involvement in the day-to-day care of their children affects the quality of father-child relations. Indeed, several researchers have proposed that spending time taking care of children provides fathers with opportunities to display affection and to nurture their children (Almeida & Galambos, 1991; Coltrane, 1996; Ishii-Kuntz, 1994; Lamb, 1997). Increased contact may also open the door to more father-child conflicts (Almeida & Galambos, 1991). In this article we apply an ecological perspective on parenting and examine the relationship between the quantity of time fathers spend engaged in direct father-child activities and the likelihood of their having emotionally supportive or conflictual interactions with their children. We further investigate the moderating effect of fathers' negative mood on these associations. Although the new fatherhood has welcomed many highly committed men who have embraced their parenting role, some fathers have retreated from their family obligations, becoming what Gerson (1993) labels "autonomous men." We believe that examining the amount of time fathers spend with their children is critical in understanding the father-child relationship. As Larson and Richards (1994) aptly state, "the minutes and hours of people's everyday lives are the arena in which family warmth is created-or family problems take shape and build steam" (p. 8). Although the quantity of interaction alone does not indicate the quality of the father-child relationship (Lamb, 1997; Marsiglio, 1991; Palkovitz, 1997), research has shown that increased time spent in routine child-care activities is related to fathers' enhanced self-confidence and competence as providers of emotional support to their children (Coltrane, 1996). We argue that researchers must attend to both the duration of father involvement and the context and quality of the activities that occupy fathers' time (Daly & Dienhart, 1998). To that end, the present study extends previous research by examining how daily variation in the time fathers spend in child-care activities is related to the type and form of day-to-day father-child interactions. QUALITY VERSUS QUANTITY OF INVOLVEMENT Although some researchers find no relationship between the quality and quantity of father-child interactions (Grossman, Pollack, & Golding, 1988; Lamb, 1997), Aldous, Mulligan, and Bjarnason (1998) contend that both the frequency and form of father-child interactions play an important role in the social, emotional, and cognitive development of children. …


Abstract Abstract Morphological data and the first molecular data are provided for four species of the trematode family Bucephalidae Poche, 1907 from marine and freshwater teleost fish species of East Asia. A new species, Rhipidocotyle husi n. sp., was isolated from Huso dauricus from the Amur River, Russia. Adult worms of this species were distinguished from their congeners Rhipidocotyle illense and Rhipidocotyle kovalai by morphological analysis. Three other known species were identified: Bucephalus skrjabini and Prosorhynchus cf. squamatus were detected in Siniperca chuatsi from the Amur River and in Myoxocephalus spp. from the Okhotsk Sea, Russia, respectively, while Prosorynchoides karvei was extracted from Strongylura strongylura from Halong Bay, Vietnam. The 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA)-based phylogenetic analysis showed that the new species formed a shared polytomy clade with Rhipidocotyle fennica. Phylogenetic analysis of all available molecular data showed that four genera, namely Rhipidocotyle, Bucephalus, Prosorynchoides and Prosorhynchus, are para- or polyphyletic. Molecular-based phylogenetic analysis of morphologically validated bucephalid species indicated that three genera – Rhipidocotyle, Bucephalus and Prosorynchoides – were monophyletic. The genus Prosorhynchus maintained paraphyly, and P. cf. squamatus was more closely related to Dollfustrema spp. than to other Prosorhynchus spp. These findings do not exclude the possibility that representatives of Dollfustrema and P. cf. squamatus belong to the same genus.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make it possible not to expand any defect by using a detector for a long term, when there is the defect on an image which is generated resulting from a malfunction in a photoconduction layer constituting the detector in a radiation image detector. SOLUTION: In the radiation image detector, equipped with: a photoconduction layer 12 for recording generating a charge by receiving an irradiation of a recording light; and plural windings 15a for impressing a voltage to the photoconduction layer 12 for recording or the like, wherein plural picture elements are constituted based on arrangements of the wirings 15a, the wiring 15a corresponding to the defect on a previously detected image is cut in an extraction portion, while forming the extraction portion extending to a predetermined connection position with an external connection terminal in a region which doesn't overlap the photoconduction layer 12 for recording or the like in the wiring 15a. COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT


Antiferromagnet (AFM) has currently participated in the spin‐orbit torque (SOT) technology due to its great potential to be applied to the field‐free SOT switching and to promote the thermal stability of MRAM. However, the effect of varying AFM ordering on the SOT switching and the associated properties is still not comprehensively understood. This work reports how an AFM ordering modifies the strength of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya‐interaction (DMI) in a heavy metal (Pt)/FM (Co)/AFM (IrMn) trilayer and its effects on SOT switching. Increasing the AFM ordering reflects the enhanced exchange bias through increasing IrMn thickness appears to significantly reduce the DMI strength of the trilayer. Controlling the IrMn thickness appears to serve as a unique switch to activate memristivity/stochasticity in the devices via tailoring AFM ordering on exchange bias: The strong AFM ordering via increasing IrMn thickness enables to increase the stability of multi‐levels for SOT switching, which promotes the memristivity for neuromorphic application. On the contrary, the weak AFM ordering via reducing IrMn thickness will lead to significant stochasticity for the physically unclonable functionality. This work demonstrates an intrinsic tuning over the AFM ordering will serve as a switch to turn the SOT device into a stochastic/memristive cell to bridge probabilistic and neuromorphic computing.


The issues of volumetric tilling by means of the tools made on the basis of the flat hoes are considered in the article. The reasoning of the cultivators allocation on a plane and in a volume is given.


In view of the uncertain characteristics involved in the process of driver's route choice,the driver's route choice behavior based is studied on fuzzy logic method.In the presented model,the driver' s perception of travel time,distance,safety of routes are fuzzified,moreover the defuzzification rules are constructed,also the routes were compared pairwise by approximate reasoning method,then on the basis of the comparison matrix,the weight of the routes can be calculated,at last the choice possibilities of routes were assessed.This model explains the driver' s fuzzy sense behavior effectively,and provides a new approach for the study of route choice behavior.


Preface INTRODUCTION FATE OF MERCURY IN THE ENVIRONMENT REGULATIONS US Regulations International Regulations and Trends TRACE ELEMENTS IN COAL MERCURY MEASUREMENT IN COAL GAS Continuous Emission Monitors Batch Methods: Impingers and Sorbent Traps MERCURY CHEMISTRY IN COAL UTILIZATION SYSTEMS AND AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DEVICES Combustion Systems Gasification Systems Cement Kilns RESEARCH PROGRAMS IN THE US USDOE Program EPA Research Program EPRI Program MERCURY CONTROL PROCESSES USING EXISTING TECHNOLOGY Scrubbers Fuel and Flue Gas Additives Catalysts for the Oxidation of Mercury Combustion Modification MERCURY CONTROL PROCESSES USING SORBENTS Introduction to Carbon Sorbents for Pollution Control Sorbent Manufacture and Characterization Activated Carbon Injection Halogenated Carbons Concrete-Compatible Activated Carbons Non-Carbon Sorbents Sorbents for Gasification Process FATE OF MERCURY IN COAL COMBUSTION RESIDUES MODELING OF MERCURY CHEMISTRY IN AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DEVICES Mercury-Carbon Surface Chemistry Fundamental Models System-Level Models FURTHER READING


Studies of the insect fauna may throw light upon zones of distribution and destructiveness of insect pests; may give information on minor pests which have not been much studied, and on insects now unnoticed which may later become pests. In a relatively new country like ours, native insects may yet be expected to become destructive. Introduced pests are already numerous and destructive. Materials and data accumulated in faunistic studies are of value in teaching.


INTRODUCTION With the establishment of the ASEAN Economic Communities (AEC), serious epidemiology among ASEAN countries is changing and currently faces the doubleburden of disease as in other developed countries. Occupational health and safety (OHS) of workers are also affected by the changing environments of industries. Worker's health, safety and wellbeing are vital concerns to the working population. These issues are important to productivity, competitiveness and sustainability of enterprises, communities and to national, regional and international economies. An estimated 2.3 million deaths have occurred annually across countries for reasons attributed to work. Work-related diseases are among the largest mortality ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT


Biodegradable polyurethane,a hotspot of research institutes across the globe in recent years,is an environmentally-friendly material that can cut back on wastes of polyurethane.The article,starting from row materials,talks about the development and compound method of biodegradable polyurethane,points out that the raw material is from natural polymer,including cellulose,starch and lignin and looks forward to the development prospect.


The invention is directed to a device for generating an optical collimating beam. The device is so configured that it withstands extreme mechanical and thermal stresses and that the collimating beam is always at a precisely defined angle with respect to the base that supports the device. The device includes a single-lens objective having a first optical surface upon which the collimating mark is arranged which the objective images at infinity. The objective is made of transparent material having a linear temperature coefficient of expansion of less than 10-6 K-1. The objective is held in a metal housing in a form-tight manner and a thin layer surrounding the peripheral surface of the lens is disposed between the objective and the metal housing. This layer is made of an elastic material which is permanently elastic. The housing is connected form-tight and lock-tight with the base. The attachment is protected against shock and vibrational stress.


Cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy of women in Serbia. Standardized incidence rate is 27.2 per 100 000 women, while standardized mortality rate is 10.1, wich is the second in Europe. AIM The aim of the study is to examine the differences in the implementation of preventive practices for cervical cancer among women in rural and urban areas in Sebia. METHODS This staudy is conducted as a secondary analysis oif the National Health Survey of the Republic of Serbia in 2006. We analyzed chatracteristics of a total of 5314 women aged 25 to g5. RESULTS Analysis showed that women from rural areas rarely implement preventive practices which are important for early detection of cervical cancer, compared to women who live in urban areas. However, after controling the effects of education and socio-economic status, the difference is no longer significant. In urban areas women are more educated and wealthier, and it proves to be important when it comes to preventive practices CONCLUSION Women in rural areas in Serbia are at increased risk for cervical cancer, comparing to women in urban areas. A special attention and efforts should be invested to improve preventive gynecological practices of women in rural areas.


The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of varying dietary protein levels on amino acid digestibility at different sites of fistulized chicken intestines. Chickens were fistulized to either the middle part of the jejunum (MJ), the distal end of the jejunum, the middle part of the ileum, the distal end of the ileum or the distal end of the rectum (DR). Intestinal digesta were collected from each site of the intestine, and contents of amino acids were measured. The true digestibilities of all amino acids in intestinal digesta at MJ were significantly lower than those at DR in the 10% protein group. In the 15% protein group, the true digestibilities of Asp, Thr, Glu, Pro, Gly, Val, Met and Ile in intestinal digesta at MJ were significantly lower than those at DR. The true digestibility of Ser in intestinal digesta at MJ was significantly lower than that at DR in the 20% protein group. In the 30% protein group, there was no significant difference in the true digestibilities of amino acids in intestinal digesta between the sites of the intestine. The true digestibilities of all amino acids in intestinal digesta at MJ in the 10% protein group were significantly lower than those in other groups. These results clearly demonstrated that dietary protein levels influence amino acid digestibility at MJ in chickens.


The aim of the thesis is to show how certain strategies of persuasion are expressed and exploited in French company brochures. The theoretical framework of the thesis is the argumentation theory, in which both the new rhetorical and the linguistic approaches to argumentation constitute the key reference. The choice of these two most different approaches to argumentation has to do with the empirical field of the thesis. The company brochure belongs to the genre of advertising and promotion and it can be characterised as a text genre in which the quantity of text and the level of information is relatively important compared to the genre of advertissements for instance. One thing that the company borchure has in common with advertissements in the mass media is the communicative purpose. All genres of advertising and promotion are linked to the idea of promoting a product, and/or a company in order to raise profits. However, the rhetorical means to achieve this goal is quite different in the two subgenres. Advertissements feature many connotations in the form of rhetorical figures (figurative words, metaphors, alliterations etc.). In the company brochure this kind of rhetorical strategy is not very common. The vocabulary is primarily denotative, rational and objective rather than connotative, emotional and expressive which tends to conceal the persuasive purpose which is of course behind all advertising and promoting genres. However, micro linguistic analyses of the deep structure level tend to prove that beyond the rational linguistic surface structure many persuasive markers appear. More specifically the thesis is an attempt to show how these markers cooperate in the discourse in order to create a positive image of the company in the reader's mind. Persuasive strategies are examined in terms of argumentative studies from the smallest linguistic unit represented by the word to micro linguistic sequences of up to two to four propositions. The thesis is divided into two parts. Part one discusses the theoretical and methodological framework established within rhetoric and argumentation theory. Part two is reserved for empirical studies of small text excerpts taken from company brochures of French industrial companies. In the introductory chapters (chapters 1-2) of the thesis the empirical field is outlined and inserted into a larger contextual frame of marketing and advertising. Vijay Bathia's model of genre analysis is suggested to account for the company brochure as a particular subgenre of advertising. The company brochure is characterized by a particular thematic structure and composition of 297


Bacillus cereus is rod-shaped, Gram-positive, sporulating, aerobe or facultative anaerobe. A Bacillus cereus strain, CMG2K4 was isolated from metal contaminated soil sample. CMG2K4 showed tolerance against nickel chloride up to the concentration of 10 mM. Growth curve pattern has indicated constitutive nature of tolerance and absence of plasmid revealed chromosomally located genes of tolerance. SDS-PAGE of Bacillus cereus cell lysate grown in presence of 1 mM of nickel chloride showed overproduction of ~36kDa protein. Based on N-terminal sequencing and Mass spectrometry fingerprinting this protein was identified as flagellin. Over-expression of flagellin in Bacillus cereus, CMG2K4 has pointed out a role of this protein in nickel tolerance. Potential benefits of flagellin include increased efficiency of nutrient acquirement and prevention of toxic substances to them.


Lower agricultural productivity levels in Africa calls for transformation of the sector from its historical level to a high potential, sustainable, and ecologically business-oriented sector. This chapter reviews the relevant literature on agribusiness in relation to use of innovation and value addition approach. The review first gives a background of conceptual understanding of the main terms and presents some case studies and efforts done until now. Transformation is happening across the globe through value addition, agribusiness principles and application of knowledge, innovation-driven solutions, and digitalization. Research for development and efficient advisory services are among the key factor of success.


A robustness index for adaptive control is proposed. The control algorithm is based on pole-zero placemen!. Parameter estimation via weighted least-squares recursive formulas is presented. By using the index, effects of the modelling error on the performance of the adaptive control system are indicated. If the index is less than one, the system is stable. Proper on-line control is obtained.


The invention relates to a preparation method of gefarnate. Specifically, the operations include: firstly dissolving acacia acetate in dry dichloromethane, then adding N, N'-carbonyldimidazole for activation, then carrying out reaction with geraniol, at the end of reaction, performing washing with sodium bicarbonate water and clear water, and then conducting drying and concentration, thus obtaining gefarnate.


D uring the past decade, an increasing number of psychiatric day treatment facilities have adopted educational procedures based largely upon principles of social learning theory, the contemporary label that incorporates concepts from learning theory and from behavioral and cognitive approaches to psychotherapy. Advocates of an educational approach to mental disorder often consider problematic behavior to be a consequence of skills deficiencies that may be replaced by more functional behavior through training experi· ences. Skill deficits relevant to psychiatric disorders include acti vi ties of daily living (ADL) long considered by occupational therapists a primary domain of interest and expertise. As early as 1970, Koestler (I) predicted tha t social learning theory as a conceptual model would become more significant to occupational therapy as a conceptual model vvould become more significant to occupational therapy as that profession extended its application into commumty settings. More recently, Mosey (2) and Conte and Conte (3) wrote in support of the appropriateness of applying the social learning model to the practice of occupa tiona1 therapy. Increasingly, occupational therapists and other professionals have become dissatisfied with the medical model of problematic behavior (for an excellent discussion of the medical model, see Sarason and Ganzer [4J). As Mosey notes: "It has become increasingly apparent that the medical model is a poor structure for consideri ng the en tire area of psychological dysfunction." (2, p 138) Many therapists see attractive alternatives offered in social learning theory. The April 1974 issue of The American Journal of OccupatlOnal Therapy (AJ0T) devoted a series of articles to a review of learning theories. In the October 1979 issue of AJOT, Goldstein, Gershaw, and Sprafkin (5) paid tribute to occupational therapists who early on used clinical intervention techniques based upon learning theory to teach ADL skills necessary for effective and satisfying daily living. hey cite such notable contributors to the occupational therapy literature as Stein, Reilly, Diasio and Jones, Smith, and Tempone, Fidler and Fidler, and Mosey. At the University of Washington, Harborview Medical campus, occupational therapists building upon these origins have been instrumental in the articulation of psychoeducational philosophy and programming since the inception of the Life Skills Program (LSP) in


The tower mill is a new type of pulverizer specially conceived for a fine grinding of minerals. Its efficiency of the fine grinding largely depends on the structure of the cyclones. In this paper, to investigate influence of the cyclone structure on fine grinding, the weight, particle diameter of the products as well as the electric consumption were examined using 10 different structures of the cyclone and a limestone sample. The experimental results are summarized as follows: (1) The different structure of the single and twin cyclones have no influence on the pulverized products. (2) In the case of cyclone with spiral ribbons, the weight of cyclone products increased, the maximum and 50% particle diameters of the products became smaller than the other cyclones. (3) In the case of cyclone with the spiral ribbons of every 44mm pitch, the weight of cyclone products increased, and the 50 % particle diameters of products were coarser than that for the other spiral cyclone, and the electric consumption of blower decreased. (4) The cyclone have no influence on the maximum size and the 50 % particle diameters of products in the classifying column. (5) The 50 % particle diameters was proportional to the maximum particle size of the tower mill products in any case of cyclone.


In Anglo-Saxon common law, the courts have allowed agency of necessity to develop to meet the prevailing commercial needs, but also restricted its development through the imposition of demanding criteria. After summarising and distinguishing the basic principles applicable to the 'full' doctrine of agency of necessity and the 'more limited' sub-doctrine relating to reimbursement of agent's expense, this paper locates and analyses the current application of the doctrine's criteria in the age of ubiquitous mobile phones, synchronous internet communications, email, and immediate money transfers. It concludes by suggesting that the development of the doctrine is inhibited less by improved communication systems and more by the strict and narrow test applied to identify the required 'necessity'.