This paper studies the notion of information evaluation in fusion. It starts from some recommendations defined by NATO relatively to information evaluation in intelligence. It shows that these recommendations, even if imprecise and ambiguous, point out three notions which should be taken into account in order to define information evaluation. It proposes a model of information evaluation, which takes into account these notions and an associated fusion process as well.


The crystal structure of the title compound has been determined by the heavy-atom method at –60 °C from diffractometer data. The crystals are monoclinic, space group P2/c, with a= 11.233(3), b= 5.773 4(10), c= 11.087(2)A, β= 98.24(2)°, Z= 4, and R= 0.063 for 1 056 reflections having (sin θ)/λ > 0.5. They contain [NMe4]+ and [NMe2(ICl)2]– ions. The latter can be considered as pseudopolyhalide ions, with [NMe2]– as a pseudohalide. In the anion, the nitrogen atoms are tetrahedral and N–I–Cl is linear [N–l 2.220(7). I–Cl 2.672(3)A].


A dual layer polarization‐insensitive frequency selective surface (FSS) with ultra‐wideband response for electromagnetic shielding is presented in this article. In the proposed configuration, a single layer FR4 dielectric substrate is used in which the top metallic layer comprises of combined square and circle loop and the bottom metallic layer comprises of combined swastika shape and circle loop. The proposed FSS exhibits a 13.5 GHz ultra‐wide stop band response from 2.3 to 15.8 GHz. The proposed FSS has a fractional bandwidth of 148%, and the structure is polarization insensitive for the incident angles up to 450 in both TE and TM modes. The performance of the simulated structure is compared with the fabricated structure and the measured results are in tune with the simulated results. It can be used for shielding applications of Wi‐Fi frequency bands 2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz, 4.9 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, X band microwave link communication, and aircraft mobile satellite services.


A joint effort to develop an expert system dealing with failure cause analysis in closed feedwater heaters is described. A summary of the development of the prototype system is presented, and its use in determining the cause of a tube failure in a feedwater heater is described. A prototype of the expert system has been developed and demonstrated. >


Sustainable conversion of CO2 to fuels using solar energy is highly attractive for fuel production. This work focuses on the synthesis of porous graphitic carbon nitride nanobelt catalyst (PN-g-C3N4) and its capability of photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The surface area increased from 6.5 m2·g−1 (graphitic carbon nitride, g-C3N4) to 32.94 m2·g−1 (PN-g-C3N4). C≡N groups and vacant N2C were introduced on the surface. PN-g-C3N4 possessed higher absorbability of visible light and excellent photocatalytic activity, which was 5.7 and 6.3 times of g-C3N4 under visible light and simulated sunlight illumination, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic activity may be owing to the porous nanobelt structure, enhanced absorbability of visible light, and surface vacant N-sites. It is expected that PN-g-C3N4 would be a promising candidate for CO2 photocatalytic conversion.


The finding of considerable remains of glass mosaic floors, together with great stone mosaic floors dated back to Byzantine period ( 6 th to 7 th century A.D) from the Cross Church at the Jerash/Jerasa archaeological site in northern Jordan represented a strange phenomenon (glass mosaic). The chemical analysis of ancient glass mosaic tesserae can provide important information regarding the manufacturing technology of the glass mosaic made during a specific period. The aim of this study is to characterize the chemical and technological aspects of Byzantine glasses excavated from this main archaeological site. For this purpose, a considerable group of glass tesserae of different colours were collected and analyzed by XRF spectroscopy. XRD spectroscopy was used to identify the crystalline phases of glass tesserae and mineralogically to characterize the underlying lime mortar. All samples were investigated by optical microscopy. The results of chemical analyses indicated that the glass tesserae show a clear difference in chemical composition. The majority of the glass tesserae are compositionally homogeneous and belongs to the so-called natron-based silica–soda–lime glass type, whereas some samples are of relatively high level content of lead and aluminium. The tesserae colorants and opacifiers also are varied. Microscopic examination show obvious formal differences among glass tesserae samples.


AbstractThis paper analyses and compares different layouts for the installation of pumps used as turbines (PATs) to advantageously couple pressure regulation with hydropower generation in water dis...


Among the various transgenic crops being researched and developed for India, Bt cotton is the only crop commercialized at present. Social actors in various professions and positions have been expressing their expectations of what will or will not happen if agrifood biotechnologies are or are not commercially introduced. In their discourse, these social actors have identified diverse and complex issues extending from questions of equity (how the benefits of commercialization will be distributed between growers in different social and economic strata, and how the environmental or health risks will be distributed and redistributed among different groups in the population) to questions of development (how to improve agricultural productivity so as to meet the growing food demands, and how to maintain national autonomy in agricultural technology). This article explores the discourse concerning Bt cotton in India by examining the interpretations advocated by various social actors. The concept of frame is used to analyze the content of print media and interviews. Analysis of the Bt cotton discourse shows that the dominant actors have shifted over time away from government and industry officials and toward farmers, and that the dominant frame has shifted over time from governmental process to economic impact.


A COMPARISON OF A MODERN MATHEMATICS PROGRAM AND TRADITIONAL ARITHMETIC IN THE INTERMEDIATE GRADES Louis A. Tryon, Ph. D. The University of Arizona, 1967 Director: Edward D. Brown As the role of arithmetic increases in importance in our fast changing society, the role of the teacher and the mathematics program increase in value also. Modern mathematics programs present one of the most controversial issues in today's educational circles at the elementary school level. Lack of research, in the face of need for decisions on various mathematics programs, would indicate the neces sity for an experimental study to compare modern mathematics with traditional arithmetic made with valid and reliable instruments.


This study is an investigation of certain aspects of classroom verbal interaction with a focus on description and analysis of questions in teacher talk. Transcriptions of recorded classroom sessions were analyzed to identify the type of the questions used by an Iranian EFL teacher, teaching in a language institute in Iran. After data analysis of 8 sessions of instruction, the researcher identified four categories of teacher questions and their related frequency across the discourse of teacher talk.


The present work aims at contributing to the investigation of an analytical method to describe Lamb waves which undergoes Lamb waves coupling when propagating along the rough surfaces of finite extent of isotropic, solid, and infinite plates. The motions considered are assumed to be independent of one of the coordinates for which the component of the displacement is equal to zero (two-dimensional problem). In some respect, the analytical approach is an extension of an analytical model describing the coupling of SH waves due to ridges (on the surface of a plate) parallel to the polarization of the waves, but it is treated in a somewhat different manner because the acoustic field involves here both the longitudinal and the transversal displacements of the Lamb waves. The formalism relies on an integral formulation, using Green's functions which permit to express Lamb waves perturbations, to describe the coupling process between the longitudinal and the transversal components of the forward and the backward ...


The classification and regressive algorithms for the support vector machine(SVM) were expounded.The application of SVM in recent years to the equipment condition trend prediction was analyzed.The merits and shortcomings of SVM in foregoing aspect were pointed out.The study perspective of SVM in that aspect was also looked into.


The introduction of smart technology provides accuracy, safety, and efficiency to both physicians and patients. Although interest in a clear aligner is increasing among users worldwide, the current clear aligner requires a visit to the hospital every one or two weeks for replacement, which is a very cumbersome process. There is also confusion among dentists and patients because about 40 to 80 devices are made, and calibration is done based on the order and duration of the clear aligner. Therefore, this study designed and developed a clear aligner management system so that communication between the patient and dentist can be smoothly performed by inserting the QR code into the transparent correction device. As a result, the size of the QR code was recognized as 6*6mm which can be used in the oral and the recognition distance was 100% within 12 cm. Since the dentist can remotely manage the patient with the proposed system and improve the correction effect, it is possible to manage patients abroad, as well as domestically.


Human-leopard conflict exists throughout the distribution range of leopards. The management of such interactions with humans is a high priority for the Nepalese authorities. To gain information on the extent of the human-leopard conflict in the region, we collected carnivore scat over an area of approximately 400 km2 in the lower belt of the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. We used species-specific polymerase chain reaction techniques to verify the identity of the scat and identified the diet using micro-histological analysis. Out of 83 scats, 36 were positively identified using molecular analysis as originating from common leopards and 47 were leopard-negative. Wild prey contributed more than 82% of the common leopard diet, with the barking deer comprising most of this (33.5%). Domestic livestock was ranked second, at 17% of the diet. Other carnivores consumed small mammals (rodents, 27%) and livestock (19%), the proportion of which was higher than that consumed by common leopards in this region, alth...


Tibial plateau fractures involve the articular surface of the tibia resulting from a combination of axial loading with varus or valgus stress. Inadequate and inappropriate treatment may result in significant functional loss.The purpose of this study was to determine the functional outcome of internal fixation in tibial plateau fracture. Between June 2011 to May 2013, 30 tibial plateau fractures which were treated operatively according to the principles advocated by AO/ASIF. Patients were reviewed at an 6 week, 3 month and 6 months post-operatively. Functional outcome was assessed using Rasmussen's functional system. At the end of 6 months we had 87% of excellent,10% of good and 3% of fair results. The mean Rasmussen's functional score was 28.53 (range 15-30). All patients had union with range of 9 -18 weeks(average 12 weeks).We believe that internal fixation in closed and grade I and II open tibial plateau fracture give excellent functional results.


Pre-trained multilingual language models (e.g., mBERT, XLM-RoBERTa) have significantly advanced the state-of-the-art for zero-shot cross-lingual information extraction. These language models ubiquitously rely on word segmentation techniques that break a word into smaller constituent subwords. Therefore, all word labeling tasks (e.g. named entity recognition, event detection, etc.), necessitate a pooling strategy that takes the subword representations as input and outputs a representation for the entire word. Taking the task of cross-lingual event detection as a motivating example, we show that the choice of pooling strategy can have a significant impact on the target language performance. For example, the performance varies by up to 16 absolute $f_{1}$ points depending on the pooling strategy when training in English and testing in Arabic on the ACE task. We carry out our analysis with five different pooling strategies across nine languages in diverse multi-lingual datasets. Across configurations, we find that the canonical strategy of taking just the first subword to represent the entire word is usually sub-optimal. On the other hand, we show that attention pooling is robust to language and dataset variations by being either the best or close to the optimal strategy. For reproducibility, we make our code available at https://github.com/isi-boston/ed-pooling.


With our reform and opening-up program,Chinglish performs more and more actively in our lives and foreign relationships.People have different attitudes towards this phenomenon.Some people think it symbolizes the great political and economic developments of our country,and Chinglish will become official English.Some other people think Chinglish will vanish because of its informalities.This article presents Chinglish's great influences upon cities and people.It analyses its inevitabilities brought by its own principles.Then the article analyses its future trends from the following points: English with Chinese characteristics,the influences of the Chinese language,the development's influences upon English,native speakers' attitudes towards Chinglish and historical examinations.


With establishing a rigid-fragility model of blood cell,the changing regulations of blood constituent in outgoing area of lubricant film is theoretically analyzed.Aiming to radial sliding bearing,a new device used to test blood constituent passed through the least gap under different speed is developed and the operating principle is introduced.Changing the least gap by adjusting the relative location between the axle and jewel,the hematocrit in exit area under different speeds and different least gap is tested.Result showed that the hematocrit related with the least gap and the speed of axle.When h_(min)2 μm,there was only plasma in outgoing area,but when 2 μmh_(min)8 μm,the hematocrit rose rapidly with increasing of the least gap.In lower speed,the hematocrit rose more quickly with the increasing of speed than in higher speed.When h_(min)12 μm,the hematocrit in outgoing area was constant.


To investigate the impact of CpG ODN adjuvant on immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine,Balb/c mice were vaccinated by CpG ODN in combination with Al(OH)3as adjuvants together with different antigen amount.After 2,4,6,8 and 10 weeks,serum was collected from the mice and the levels of serum hepatitis surface antibody(anti-HBs) and ED50 were detected.Data showed that high level of antibody was effectively induced by CpG ODN in combination with Al(OH)3as adjuvants;and antibody level was increased over time and the highest titer reached49 427 mIU/ml.When the amount of hepatitis B antigen was halved,the CpG ODN+Al(OH)3adjuvanted vaccine still induced higher antibody titer(41 225 mIU/ml),as compared with hepatitis B vaccine with Al(OH)3adjuvant only.Furthermore,all double adjuvant vaccine groups induced obvious higher IFN-γ level than that of control group.Taken together,CpG ODN has good adjuvanticity and works synergistically with Al(OH)3as well,thus can improves immunogenicity of HBsAg and reduces antigen amount in half.


Instruction fine-tuned language models on a collection of instruction annotated datasets (FLAN) have shown highly effective to improve model performance and generalization to unseen tasks. However, a majority of standard parsing tasks including abstract meaning representation (AMR), universal dependency (UD), semantic role labeling (SRL) has been excluded from the FLAN collections for both model training and evaluations. In this paper, we take one of such instruction fine-tuned pre-trained language models, i.e. FLAN-T5, and fine-tune them for AMR parsing. Our extensive experiments on various AMR parsing tasks including AMR2.0, AMR3.0 and BioAMR indicate that FLAN-T5 fine-tuned models out-perform previous state-of-the-art models across all tasks. In addition, full fine-tuning followed by the parameter efficient fine-tuning, LoRA, further improves the model performances, setting new state-of-the-arts in Smatch on AMR2.0 (86.4), AMR3.0 (84.9) and BioAMR (82.3).


Introduction: CD19 is expressed by B cells from early development through differentiation into plasma cells, and represents a validated target for the development of therapeutic antibodies to treat B cell malignancies such as Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Different CD19-targeting T-cell engagers are investigated in clinical studies for the treatment of NHL or ALL, including Affimed9s AFM11, a bispecific CD19/CD3 TandAb antibody, which is currently investigated in a phase 1 dose escalation study. Indeed, Affimed9s bispecific tetravalent platform comprises not only T-cell engaging TandAbs with two binding sites for CD3, but also NK-cell recruiting TandAbs with two binding sites for CD16A. In the present study, Affimed9s AFM11, was characterized and compared in in vitro and in vivo studies with the CD19/CD16A TandAb AFM12. Methods: Analogous to the CD19/CD3 TandAb AFM11, a bispecific tetravalent TandAb AFM12 was constructed with two binding sites for CD19 and two sites for CD16A. Both TandAbs were characterized side by side for their biophysical properties, binding affinities to CD19+ tumor target cells and to their respective effector cells by flow cytometry. Kinetics and dose-response characteristics were evaluated in in vitro cytotoxicity assays. Potency and efficacy of both TandAbs were compared on different CD19+ tumor target cell lines using primary human effector cells. To compare the efficacy of AFM11 and AFM12 a patient-derived tumor xenograft model was developed. Results: AFM12 mediated efficacious target cell lysis with a very fast on-set in vitro. Lysis induced by AFM11 was less efficacious (lower specific lysis than AFM12) but reproducibly more potent (lower EC50 value). In addition to the potency and efficacy of AFM11 and AFM12, different aspects of safety, such as effector cell activation in the presence and absence of target cells were investigated and will be described. Conclusions: Affimed9s CD19/CD3 and CD19/CD16A TandAbs with identical anti-CD19 tumor-targeting domains but different effector cell-recruiting domains represent interesting molecules to study T-cell- or NK-cell-based immunotherapeutic approaches. The comparison of AFM11 and AFM12 demonstrated that AFM12-mediated lysis was fast and efficacious, whereas AFM11 showed a higher potency. In summary, the NK-cell recruiting TandAb AFM12 represents an alternative to T-cell recruiting molecules, as it may offer a different side effect profile, comparable to that of AFM13, the first NK-cell TandAb clinically investigated. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


For the purposes of this study my co-workers and I selected a public school in the city of New York, having 1,000 pupils in excellent health and social surroundings. The children, the school and the equipment are the best we have ever seen. The neighborhood is comparatively quiet. In several other schools in which the children have been examined during the past two years, the percentages of deafness have been greater than, and in some cases double, those found in this school. What is the best method for examining the hearing of school children? To determine this, Drs. Douglas McFarland of Philadelphia, Horace Newhart of Minneapolis, F. W. Bock of Rochester and I have cooperated with Harvey Fletcher of the Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York. After repeated tests in various rooms and under various acoustic conditions, the whispered voice changing in loudness or with distance from was pupils


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. OBJECTIVES: To describe blood component usage in transfused children with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery across perioperative settings and diagnostic categories. DESIGN: Datasets from U.S. hospitals participating in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study-III were analyzed. SETTING: Inpatient admissions from three U.S. hospitals from 2013 to 2016. PATIENTS: Transfused children with congenital heart disease undergoing single ventricular, biventricular surgery, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Eight hundred eighty-two transfused patients were included. Most of the 185 children with single ventricular surgery received multiple blood products: 81% RBCs, 79% platelets, 86% plasma, and 56% cryoprecipitate. In the 678 patients undergoing biventricular surgery, 85% were transfused plasma, 75% platelets, 74% RBCs, and 48% cryoprecipitate. All 19 patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were transfused RBCs, plasma, and cryoprecipitate, and 18 were transfused platelets. Intraoperatively, patients commonly received all three components, while postoperative transfusions were predominantly single blood components. Pretransfusion hemoglobin values were normal/low-normal for age for all phases of care for single ventricular surgery (median hemoglobin 13.2–13.5 g/dL). Pretransfusion hemoglobin values for biventricular surgeries were higher intraoperatively compared with other timing (12.2 g/dL vs 11.2 preoperative and postoperative; p < 0.0001). Plasma transfusions for all patients were associated with a near normal international normalized ratio: single ventricular surgeries median international normalized ratio was 1.3 postoperative versus 1.8 intraoperative and biventricular surgeries median international normalized ratio was 1.1 intraoperative versus 1.7 postoperative. Intraoperative platelet transfusions with biventricular surgeries had higher median platelet count compared with postoperative pretransfusion platelet count (244 × 109/L intraoperative vs 69 × 109/L postoperative). CONCLUSIONS: Children with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery are transfused many blood components both intraoperatively and postoperatively. Multiple blood components are transfused intraoperatively at seemingly normal/low-normal pretransfusion values. Pediatric evidence guiding blood component transfusion in this population at high risk of bleeding and with limited physiologic reserve is needed to advance safe and effective blood conservation practices.


Leaf traits were studied under different planting densities with soybean cultivar Shennong 12,which is tolerant to high planting density,and normal cultivar Liaodou 11.The results showed that Shennong 12 had higher leaf shape index,shorter petiole,and smaller leaf angle,which benefited its tolerance to high planting density.As the increment of planting density,leaf shape index and petiole length would increased.Shennong 12 had a small increment of petiole length with the increasing of planting density compared with Liaodou 11.There was a decrease trend of leaf angle as the increment of planting density.All of these leaf traits of Shennong 12 contributed to its higher leaf net photosynthetic rate,and the rate decreased fewer as the increment of planting density,compared with the normal cultivar.


Active psychology is a science about the happiness of human beings which started in America in 1960s.Its focus is to study people's active psychology quality and care about people's health and happiness.Its task is to research hoe to create people's happiness and harmonious society.Constructing harmonious society is the great task of the whole human beings.Its aim is to realize the maximum happiness in sharing economic and social developments.


. This work is focused on establishing sufficient conditions to guar-antee the well-posedness of the following nonlinear fractional semidiscrete model under the assumptions that β ∈ (0 , 1], c > 0 some constant, B is a discrete convolution operator with kernel b ∈ ℓ 1 ( Z ), which is the infinitesimal generator of the Markovian C 0 -semigroup and suitable nonlinearity f . We present results concerning the existence and uniqueness of solution, as well as establishing a comparison principle of solutions according to respective initial values.


This article looks at Abkhazia's status as part of Georgia and the establishment of the Abkhazian nation, which moved in the 15th-18th centuries from the Northern Caucasus to Western Georgia (Abkhazia); this ethnic group calls itself "Apsua," while the Georgians call them "Abkhazians."


In case you haven't received the news, the phenomenal intentionality research program is under way. It was both recognized and catalyzed as such by Uriah Kriegel in his introduction to the (2013) e...


In the paper, characters of polyphenol oxidase from Morchella esculenta were studied, including effect of temperature and pH on activity of PPO, heat stability and reaction kinetics used pyrocatechol as its substrate. The results show that MEPPO is stable relatively below 60℃, the optimum temperature and pH of MEPPO are 50℃ and 7.0 respectively, the maximum velocity of MEPPO reaction V is 0.02 ΔA/min, and the Michaelis constant is 0.00588. max


AbstractStability-indicating analytical methods are developed to monitor the stability of pharmaceutical dosage forms during the investigational phase of drug development, and, once the drug is marketed, for the ongoing stability studies which must be conducted. The development of these methods for pharmaceutical dosage forms forms can be approached from several avenues. Methods can be developed which measure the amount of drug remaining, the amount of drug lost (or the appearance of degradation products), or both.Traditionally, the analytical methods used to monitor the stability of dosage forms have involved a generally non-specific spectrophotometric or titrimetric procedure for the assay of the active coupled with thin layer chromatography for the estimation of impurities and degradation products. In the last five years, this approach has changed dramatically. Currently, the method of choice for the quantitation of the active and degradation products is rapidly becoming high performance liquid chromat...


Seed infecting fungi are important constraints for the finger millet crop grown during Kharif season. Investigations were carried out on certain aspects related to seed health including isolation of seed infecting fungi, symptomatology and impact on seed health status in respect of seed germination and seedling vigour, effect of culture filtrates of seed infecting fungi on seed germination and seedling growth, screening of known antagonists as bio priming agent and phyto-extracts to control seed borne fungi in vitro , management of seed infecting fungi through seed treatment with chemicals. Investigation was carried out during 2015 at Department of Plant Pathology N. A. U., Navsari. Infected seed samples of finger millet collected from farmer's fields of Waghai district and Hill Millet Research Station Farm, N. A. U., Waghai, revealed the varieties of symptoms viz; discoloured seeds, shrivelled, damaged, inert matter and healthy seeds. Isolation of seed infecting fungi by standard blotter method and PDA plate method revealed the association of Alternaria alternata, Fusarium subglutinans, Fusarium moniliforme, Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus sp., Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. In pathogenicity test, highest per cent of pre-emergence mortality was observed in seeds inoculated with Aspergillus niger (60.00% & 57.00%) in in vitro and in vivo test, respectively. Similarly, highest postemergence mortality was recorded in Aspergillus niger (68.31%) in in vitro and Fusarium subglutinans (62.37%) in in vivo test. All seven different fungi significantly hampered seed health status as evident from artificial inoculation of seed. Overall, fungi induced 14.58 to 41.66, 14.26 to 56.49 and 22.44 to 60.17 per cent reduction in seed germination, shoot length and root length over healthy seeds, respectively. Seed inoculation with Aspergillus niger significantly reduced the germination (56.00%), minimum shoot length (4.03 cm), root length (5.25 cm) and seedling vigour index (520.03). Seeds inoculated with culture filtrate of Aspergillus niger showed lowest seed germination (44.00%), shoot length (3.22 cm), root length (4.60 cm) and seed vigor index (344.06). Seed bio-priming with Trichoderma viride showed highest seed germination (89.00%), shoot length (9.10 cm),


This is a study in how astronomy has been taught and is being taught in Swedish schools from 1905 to this date with an emphasis on the latest 30 years.

It concerns the regulations and methodical ...


For the first time, LIGO gravitational wave telescopes have observed gravitational waves (GWs) from a coales cence of a binary black hole on September 14th in 2015. This confirmed not only a major prediction of Albert Einstein ' s general theory of relativity in 1915, but also the existence of black holes and their binary systems in the Universe. The other GW signal on December 26th in 2015 was also confirmed later. Such multi-detection of GWs convinced us the beginning of a new era of gravitational wave astronomy. These GWs detections also justified gen eral relativity in the regime of the extremely strong gravity field for the first time. However, the way to reach these historical GW detections was so hard that it took almost a half century to measure a 10 − 22 part of kilo-meters length of a laser interferometer GW detectors. In this article, I will explain the gravity and GWs in the regime of general relativity, their expected sources, a history of GW detectors development, the battle with noises in an interferometric GW detectors, results of GW detection by LIGO and future plans to detect GWs for the wider frequency ranges.


In sickle cell disease, a hereditary hemoglobinopathy, clinically observed disease presentations are the endpoint of a point mutation involving the substitution of glutamic acid with valine at the position 6 of the beta globin chain. With about 4.4 million people globally being affected, and another 43 million people bearing the sickle cell trait, several research efforts have been made to discover new and affordable treatment and possibly cure for the disease. Africa is endowed with a large flora population and traditional healers and citizens have over time depended on the use of herbs in folkloric medicine for different ailments including sickle cell disease (SCD). Such native knowledge has often formed the basis for different research exploration into the anti-sickling activities of selected African plants. These plants that have been so far investigated for their anti-sickling properties represent about 0.05 % of the 45,000 plant species enriching the flora landscape in Sub-Saharan Africa. Some of these have yielded potent anti-sickling profiles. In the current work we seek to achieve a more extensive search of the African plant diversity with anti-sickling properties: for this we have adopted a hybrid computational-cum-experimental protocol that employed computer-aided drug design (CADD) means for identifying plants with at least one constituent capable of interacting with the sickle hemoglobin, followed by extractive procedures and anti-sickling experiments for validating the predictions. Over two thousand (or 2,000) African natural products, representing over 200 plant species, were first virtually screened against the crystal structure of the dimerized human sickle hemoglobin. The natural products with the best computed sickle hemoglobin interaction energetics were found to belong to five plant species including Catharanthus roseus, Rauvolfia vomitoria, Hoslundia opposita, Lantana camara and Euphorbia hirta. The leaves of these plants were each collected subsequently and subjected to standard processing and extraction procedures. Using both HbSS polymerization inhibition and sickling reversal tests significant reductions in polymerization of erythrocyte hemolysate of the HbSS genotype were observed with the methanolic extracts of the plants, as well as sickling reversal levels of up to 68.50 % (H. opposita) was observed.


Introduction. Development of construction technologies and materials entails the use of larger and heavier aercrete blocks. Hence, it promotes construction industry automation through the use of robotic systems. Due to considerable costs of development, production and operation of robotic systems capable of substituting human workers at a construction site, thorough substantiation of their efficiency (or investment appeal) is required. It encompasses the calculation of total costs and the timing of its development and implementation, since no universal comprehensive solutions are available now.
Materials and methods. The co-authors have summarized practical design and engineering problems that may accompany the development of novel machinery and preparation of investment projects towards development of a construction robotic system (CRS) designated for aircrete block laying in the course of construction of buildings and structures. Two groups of experts were involved, Group One had civil engineers and Group Two had designers of robotic and mechatronic systems. Methods of expert evaluations and mathematical statistics were used; the co-authors also addressed specialized Internet websites and publications on design and engineering solutions.
Results. A list of criteria describing the performance of a robotic system was made with a focus on most important factors. The co-authors identified a set of parameters whose availability in a robotic system ensures ideal blockwork. The co-authors have developed a technical specification for a robotic system, identified its cost and developed an implementation schedule.
Conclusions. A formalized description of the future CRS, designated for construction purposes, is provided for the period of concept development. The co-authors also provided a reliable assessment of potential costs and schedules at the problem statement stage (a feasibility study), as it is important for the assessment of implementability of investment processes (a business plan) in terms of making a decision to initiate project implementation.


Taking Dongtai coastal zones as an object of study,an coastal ecological security index system of Dongtai was constructed according to the driving DPSR model and the actual instance of Dongtai.And then the ecological security status in this area was evaluated by the weighted PCA model in the years of 1984,2001 and 2011 with the support of the technology of GIS and RS by collecting the topographic map and remote sensing image in different stage.The calculation results showed that the total score of ecological security(F) was 3.242,0.279 and-3.521 in 1984,2001 and 2011,respectively.The level of ecology security decreased apparently with accelerated downward trend,and would reduce because of deterioration of ecological environment and biodiversity decrease,which is mostly reflected in the state index.


One of the main directions of engineering technology development at present is the improvement of existing and the development of new waste-free, environmentally friendly, material-saving production processes. Powder metallurgy is a branch of technology, including the manufacture of powders from metals and their alloys and the preparation of blanks and products from them without melting the main component. In most cases, new materials are created in order to provide the optimal combination of product price and operational characteristics. Chromium is the most common alloying element. Steel alloyed with chromium has increased strength, hardness, wear resistance, resistance to corrosion in aggressive and oxidizing environments. The presence of chromium increases the hardenability of steel. The process of obtaining powder materials by the method of electroerosive dispersion compares favorably with the possibility of producing powders even from particularly hard and refractory materials. In the case of grinding material by this method, the only important criterion is the electrical conductivity of the material being ground. Worn parts and other scrap can be used as feedstock during the process. The purpose of the study is to investigate the powder obtained from the waste of chromium-containing steels. Thanks to the study of the used powder samples on modern devices, results were obtained, which indicate that the chromium-containing powder, obtained by electroerosive dispersion, can be reused in the restoration and hardening of machine parts.


This paper proposes a dual-receiver wireless power transfer system that uses bipolar coils as a transmitter and receivers. Compared with a traditional dual-receiver system with unipolar coils, the proposed system can e ff ectively and conveniently eliminate cross-coupling between the receivers, and another signi fi cant feature of the system is the ease of changing the received power of the two receiver loads by changing the relative angle of the bipolar coils. The mutual inductance of the bipolar coils is modelled by Newman ' s formula. Then a system design method to eliminate the in fl uence of cross-coupling and realize controllable power allocation is proposed.


This report provides a high-level overview of the current U.S. shared solar landscape and the impact that a given shared solar program's structure has on requiring federal securities oversight, as well as an estimate of market potential for U.S. shared solar deployment.


The stereospecific polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE) initiated with a catalyst system composed of AlEt2Cl and PhNH2, and the crystalline compound, (EtClAl)2NPh, which was separated from the above catalyst system, was studied. The compound, (EtClAl)2NPh, is dimeric in benzene and with diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran forms 1:1 complexes which have no catalytic activity for the polymerization of IBVE. The stereospecificity of polymerization increased on increasing number of times the catalyst was recrystallized. In a highly purified polymerization system, this catalyst gave no polymer of IBVE, however the substances coexisting in the system, especially oxygen, were found to be effective cocatalyst for the stereospecific polymerization of IBVE.


Objectives:
To determine if there a significant difference in fracture strength of tie wings of 1. Polycrystalline ceramic brackets, 2. Monocrystalline ceramic brackets, made by different manufactures.

Materials and Methods:
Sample: The mesial incisal tie wing of 9 brands of commonly used polycrystalline and 5 brands of monocrystalline brackets were tested for fracture strength. Each brand's sample consisted of 15 maxillary right central incisors brackets and 15 maxillary right lateral incisor brackets (.022 slot MBT).
Method: The brackets were bonded onto a ceramic slab. An Instron Universal testing machine was used to apply a vertical force on the mesial incisal wing of each bracket. The force at the point of tie wing fracture was recorded as the fracture strength.

Results:
Polycrystalline brackets: Ormco Symmetri (301.03 N ± 36.56), 3M Clarity (203.55 N ± 36.56) and Forestadent Glam (196.06 N ± 68.84) were the strongest, with no significant difference between them. Dentsply Ovation C was the next strongest (175.87 N ± 48.25). Henry Schein NeoLucent Plus (119.74 N ± 21.06), Ortho Tech Ref Ceramic (107.53 N ± 51.07), TP Clear Vu (106.17 N ± 27.43), AO Cosmetic (88.52 ± 50.67) and RMO Signature III (84.99 ± 42.30) were the least strong, with no significant differences between them.
Mono crystalline brackets: AO Radiance Plus (262.42 N ± 110.42), Ormco Inspire ICE (240.48 N ± 78.51) Henry Schein NeoCrystal Plus (221.80 N ± 42.07), Ortho Tech PURE (210.66 N ± 42.07) were the strongest, with no significant differences between them, while Dentsply Ovation S (55.80 N ± 13.04) was the weakest.

Conclusions:
There are significant differences in the fracture strength of various brands, both amongst polycrystalline and monocrystalline brackets.


The possibility of antihelium production in interaction of cosmic rays with the interstellar gas is studied using large-scale Monte Carlo simulations. For this purpose, an energy-dependent coalescence mechanism developed previously is extended to estimate the production of light antinuclei (${}^3\overline{\text{He}}$ and ${}^4\overline{\text{He}}$). The uncertainty in the coalescence parameter and its effect on the expected antiparticle flux is also investigated. The simulated background antihelium fluxes are found to be lower than the fluxes predicted by simplified models using numerical scaling techniques.


The present invention addresses the problem of providing a needle holder for endoscopic surgery and a suturing method employing the same with which it is possible for a suture thread to be wound simply and reliably around a needle holder during a suturing process in endoscopic surgery, in particular during ligation. The present invention provides a needle holder for endoscopic surgery characterized in that the needle holder is provided with a main body portion in a distal end part of which is formed a needle-holding grip portion which grips a needle part of a needle-equipped suture thread, and a holding portion which is formed on the needle-holding grip portion side of the main body portion and which forms a gap for holding the suture thread part of the needle-equipped suture thread, and in that the holding portion is formed in such a way as to open and close freely in the direction of the distal end part. The present invention also provides a suturing method employing this needle holder.


Resonance Raman spectra of poly(2-methoxy-5-(3'-7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MDMO-PPV) and small molecule acceptor blend charge transfer (CT) complexes reveal long and detailed progressions of overtone and combination bands. These features are sensitive to the specific MDMO-PPV/acceptor interactions and enable quantitative calculations of vibrational mode specific displacements of the polymer CT complex.


Background: Bariatric patient is associated with hemodynamic and pulmonary changes and considered as a challenge for anesthesiologists. The aim of the present work was to compare the peri operative anesthetic and psychiatric outcomes of two stages Laparoscopic-Roux en-Y Gastric Bypass (L-RYGB) bariatric surgery. Subject and methods: Thirty morbidly obese patients with body mass index (BMI) > 40 kg/m2 and aged 18-50 years were scheduled for two stages modified laparoscopic Roux-en-Y bariatric surgery. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Significant improvement of mean blood pressure, heart rate, pulmonary function tests and blood gases at the second stage compared to the first stage surgery. This study displayed significant surgeon satisfaction at the second stage compared to the first stage. There was improvement for type II diabetes, hypertension, cholesterol level and gastro esophageal reflux. In our study there was a significant weight loss (17.5±3.9kg versus 53.5±7.6kg), Excess Weight Loss (EWL) (70% versus 22.9%), and BMI (30.1±4.6 kg/m2 versus 42.9±4.3 kg/m2) six months following second stage compared to one month following the first stage surgery. Regarding Symptoms Check List 90-Revised (SCL 90-R) clinical scale scores there was significant difference when we compared the preoperative psychiatric symptoms with six months after the first and second stage surgery. Conclusion: This study displayed controlled peri operative anesthesia course, effective weight loss, significant surgeon and anesthetist satisfactions, improved pulmonary function, blood pressure, heart rate, improvement of some psychiatric symptoms with the second stage compared to the first stage bariatric surgery. Keyword: Anesthesia; Bariatric surgery; Body mass index; Hemodynamic; Pulmonary; Psychiatric


This study aimed to evaluate the use of softwood and hardwood waste for the production of levulinic acid by one-stage conversion using microwave radiation combined with acid catalysis. The analysis demonstrated that the type and concentration of the acid used, the concentration of biomass in the reaction mixture and pressure value had the greatest impact on the yield of levulinic acid. The highest efficiency of carbohydrate conversion to levulinic acid, regardless of the type of raw material, was achieved using a pressure of 225 PSI and sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Maximum yield from biomass, ca. 16.5% for cherry wood chips and ca. 25% for pine chips, was obtained using sulfuric acid at a concentration of 1% v/v and 2% v/v, respectively, for the following process parameters: Exposure time 20 min, biomass concentration 3.3%, and the pressure of 225 PSI. The ratio of actual yield to theoretical yield was high: 64.7% ± 4.5% for pine chips and 43.4% ± 1.0% for cherry wood chips. High efficiency of the presented method of biomass conversion to levulinic acid indicates the possibility of its use for waste management in the wood processing industry. High concentration of levulinic acid in the post-reaction mixture allows for cost-effective extraction and purification of the compound.


In a ceremony during the Plenary Session of ISSCC 2006, Dr. Gabor C. Temes received the 2006 IEEE Gustav Robert Kirchoff Award for his fundamental contributions to analog-signal-processing techniques. This IEEE Technical Field Award recognizes outstanding contributions to the fundamentals of any aspect of electronic circuits and systems that have long-term significance or impact.


Objective:To investigate Effect of laparoscopic resection of renal cyst via retroperitoneam on systemic emergency reaction.Methods:35 patients with renal cyst were randomly divided into two groups: retroperitoneal laparoscopy group and laparotomy group. WBC counts, serum C reactive protein(CRP) and interleukin 6 were measured on the preoperative day before operation and on the 1?3 day after operation. The mean operative time, blood loss,drainage after operation, the dose of analgesia drug, fever mobidity, postoperative hospitalization and cost were analyzed.Results:The WBC counts of the first day after operation were significantly higher than those of preoperation in the laparotomy group (P0.05), while no significant increase in the retroperitoneal laparoscopic group (P0.05). But the serum CRP and IL 6 levels of laparotomy group showed more significant difference than those of retroperitoneal laparoscopic group (P0.01). Compared with laparotomy, retroperitoneal laparoscopic operation had many advantages such as less bleeding and drainage, lower fever mobidity, analgesia drug using and shorter hospital stay.Conclusions:Laparoscopic resection of renal cyst via retroperitoneal laparoscopy induce more faintish response of body than laparotomy. It is expected to replace the traditional operation.


Robust ANN is used to predict parameters of retention equation in RP HPLC by microscopic parameters of molecules; the result is much better than multiple linear regression and better than ordinary BP ANN.


The invention relates to the field of groove preparation of semiconductor devices, in particular to a preparation method of different-depth shallow isolating groove structures suitable for image sensors. Dielectric layers of different thickness are formed on a semiconductor substrate provided with a first region and a second region, a first-type groove in a thick dielectric layer and a second-type groove in a thin dielectric layer are formed on the semiconductor substrate, and the substrate of the first region and the substrate of the second region are etched along the first-type groove and the second-type groove, and accordingly a first shallow isolating groove and a second shallow isolating groove which are different in depth are formed on the substrate of the first region and the second region respectively.


In this paper, we present DCN@MPLS as a architectural extension to Multi-protocol Label Switching MPLS technology that can dynamically assign time activated future routes to an MPLS-enabled routing infrastructure. Moreover, we assume that efficient route schedules have been computed by a separate optimization algorithm module linked to the DCN@MPLS route server.


In this article, the numerical solution of time fractional Cable equation is considered. We convert the time fractional Cable equations into equivalent integral equations with singular kernel, then propose a spectral collection method in both time and space discretizations with a spectral expansion of Lagrange interpolation polynomial for this equation. The convergence of the method is rigorously established. Numerical tests are carried out to confirm the theoretical results.


Research on the effect of liquid organic fertilizer (POC) Crocober plus and frequency of application to the crop of onion ( Allium ascalonicum L.) had been conducted in Sub Kajai, District lemur, Solok regency for 3 months starting from May to July 2015. The goal was to get the POC concentration and Crocober plus frequency to increase growth and yield of onion. Experiments using a randomized block design in a factorial form that consists of 2 factors. Factor 1 was 5 degree of concentration POC was 0% (P0), 2.5% (P1), 5% (P3), 7.5% (P4) and 10% (P5) while Factor 2, was the frequency of POC consists of two levels ie ; The data obtained and analyzed variance. If the F count larger than F table 5% followed by a test of Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The experimental results indicated that application of 5% POC Crocober plus concentration given weekly was the exact interaction to improve the growth and yield of onion with the result reached 13.83 tons/ha. Doi: 10.22216/jit.2014.v8i2.340


The authors present experimental results which show that feedforward neural networks are well suited for analog IC fault diagnosis. Their results suggest that feedforward networks provide a cost efficient method for IC fault diagnosis in a large scale production environment. They specifically compare the diagnostic accuracy and the computational requirements of a simple feedforward network against that of Gaussian maximum likelihood and K-nearest neighbors classifiers. The feedforward network is found to provide an order-of-magnitude improvement in diagnostic speed while consistently performing as well as or better than any of the other classifiers in terms of accuracy. This makes the feedforward network classifier an excellent candidate for production line diagnosis of IC faults, where circuit verification time greatly influences total cost per part.<<ETX>>


The study focused on pre-service teachers' benefits from teaching practice, and the problems they experienced during practicum. Using document analysis method, the data were obtained from their portfolios which included self-evaluation forms, weekly journal entries, and summary reports of their teaching experience. The results indicate that a) teaching practice is a turning point for pre-service teachers, b) it was the practicum opportunity rather than the coordinating teachers' support that mattered, c) selection of the coordinating  teachers was not done effectively, d) longer-service coordinating teachers followed conventional methods, e) the more practical the university courses the less problems the pre-service teachers experienced.


Blind signal separation is a challenging topic in the communication eld, especially for wireless radio signal reconnaissance and monitoring. Considering a blind signal separation problem concerning co-modulated time-frequency overlapped mixed signals on a single channel, a signal blind separation algorithm is proposed based on the constant modulus and estimated amplitude of the minimum shift keying modulated signals. The blind separating algorithm is based on dissolving the underdetermined equations under a constant modulus constrained condition. Two criteria of minimum phase variance and minimum slope are presented to eliminate solution illegibility, which can reasonably lead to the right solution of the blind signal separation equations. Simulation results show good separation performance when SNR is greater than 5 dB. The algorithm minimizes computing complexity.


The following diploma work consists of two parts. In the first part the current Slovenian legislation in the field of spatial planning is introduced. European Union plays an important role concerning spatial planning because most of the laws passed take into consideration the goals which are specified in it is documents. In the second part Mislinja Municipality, it is position and role in the wider geographical sense is introduced. Recent development of the municipality has been estimated together with the problems dealing with settlements, infrastructure… According to featuring solutions in which fields the municipality can develop more efficiently to be widely recognized, there goals are introduced at the beginning. On the basis of this the map of optimal spatial development of Mislinja municipality has been made. As additional option of development the line of the third developing axe- the fast road through the Koroska region which would have a positive effect on the Mislinja Municipality development is introduced.


The clinical features of 36 infants who presented with hypocalcaemia in the first 2 years of life are reviewed and their subsequent progress studied. Males outnumbered females 28:8.


Cultivating innovative talents is the current needs of the development of the oil industry,also the need to improve the quality of running schools.Innovative talents cultivation mode uses the new model of taking the theoretical teaching as "platform +module" and taking practice teaching as "basic+innovation".Its approach includes innovating teaching system,optimizing teaching content;strengthening practical teaching reform,strengthening students' professional competence;strengthening the construction of teaching materials,carrying out quality courses;improving the logistics support,providing construction resources.


Question In perimenopausal or postmenopausal women with insomnia and hot flashes, what is the relative efficacy of telephone-based cognitivebehavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and telephone-based menopause education control (MEC) for reducing insomnia? Methods Design Randomized controlled trial (RCT). ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01936441. Allocation {Concealed}*. Blinding Blinded (data collectors). Follow-up period 24 weeks. Setting MsFlash research network in western Washington State, USA. Patients 106 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 40 to 65 years of age (mean age 55 y) who had significant insomnia symptoms (Insomnia Severity Index [ISI] score 12) and 2 hot flashes/d for the past 2 weeks. Exclusion criteria included primary sleep disorder or major illness interfering with sleep, routine use of prescription sleep medication, consumption of >3 alcoholic drinks/d, or shift work. Intervention CBT-I (n =53) or MEC (n =53), each of which comprised six 20- to 30-minute telephone sessions led by 2 female coaches over 8 weeks. CBT-I included information about age-related sleep changes, sleep hygiene, and stimulus control procedures; and teaching about cognitive techniques to reduce physiologic arousal and reduce unrealistic beliefs about sleep loss. Sleep windows were restricted to the average sleep time reported at baseline and extended by 15 minutes weekly when 85% sleep efficiency was achieved. MEC comprised general education and written information about women's health and quality of life, excluding information about CBT strategies for sleep. Outcomes Insomnia severity (ISI). Secondary outcome was Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score. Exploratory outcomes included no clinically significant insomnia {ISI}* and daily interference of hot flashes (Hot Flash Related Daily Interference Scale). Patient follow-up 83% at 8 weeks and 76% at 24 weeks (intention-to-treat analysis). Main results CBT-I reduced insomnia (on the ISI and PSQI) and increased the likelihood of no insomnia at 8 and 24 weeks compared with MEC (Table). CBT-I also reduced scores on the Hot Flash Related Daily Interference Scale at 8 (P =0.03) and 24 (P =0.003) weeks compared with MEC. Conclusion In perimenopausal or postmenopausal women with insomnia and hot flashes, telephone-based cognitivebehavioral therapy for insomnia reduced insomnia severity compared with telephone-based menopause education control. Telephone-based CBT-I vs MEC in perimenoausal or postmenopausal women with insomnia and hot flashes Outcomes Time points (follow-up rate) Mean change from baseline (95% CI) Difference in mean change from baseline (CI) CBT-I MEC ISI score 8 wk (83%) 9.9 (11.2 to 8.7) 4.7 (6.1 to 3.3) 5.2 (6.1 to 3.3) 24 wk (76%) 10.7 (11.9 to 9.4) 6.7 (8.4 to 5.0) 4.0 (6.0 to 1.9) PSQI score 8 wk (83%) 4.0 (5.0 to 3.1) 1.4 (2.1 to 0.7) 2.7 (3.9 to 1.5) 24 wk (76%) 4.3 (5.1 to 3.5) 2.7 (3.5 to 1.9) 1.6 (2.7 to 0.5) Event rates Relative benefit increase (CI) NNT (CI) No clinically significant insomnia (ISI score 7) 8 wk (83%) 70% 24% 188 (70 to 421) 3 (2 to 4) 24 wk (76%) 84% 43% 94 (37 to 198) 3 (2 to 5) CBT-I = cognitivebehavioral therapy for insomnia; ISI = Insomnia Severity Index; MEC = menopause education control; other abbreviations defined in Glossary. Relative benefit increase, NNT, and CI calculated from event rates in article. Negative difference indicates more improvement in the CBT-I group. Score range 0 to 28; higher score = more severe insomnia (6-point change is considered clinically meaningful). Score range 0 to 21; higher score = worse sleep quality (3-point change is considered clinically meaningful). Commentary Menopause is associated with various physical disorders that adversely affect quality of life, including vasomotor symptoms (VMSs), sleep disturbance, and urogenital atrophy. Although it has potential adverse effects, estrogen remains the single most effective therapy for menopause-related VMSs and urogenital atrophy (1), with positive effects on sleep, mood, bone density, cardiovascular health, and other metabolic conditions (2). Other pharmacotherapies (antidepressants, gabapentin, clonidine, herbal medicine) and alternative treatments (psychotherapy, acupuncture, exercise, and yoga) have measurable but less dramatic benefits in terms of VMS and sleep (1). It is not surprising that the RCT by McCurry and colleagues found that specialized CBT reduced insomnia and VMS. Study weaknesses include self-assessment of sleep patterns, which could introduce reporting biasthat is, some patients may have been unaware of, or did not report, excessive caffeine use and such conditions as restless leg syndrome or sleep apnea. Additionally, depression, amenable to CBT, may have confounded the findings. The statistically significant, but modest, effect of the intervention on VMS frequency and intensity is probably not clinically significant and may be comparable to placebo in other studies (1). Finally, the study sample was small and from a single region; further study is needed to determine whether CBT is effective in a larger, heterogeneous population requires. Costs, accessibility, and time commitment could be formidable obstacles to widespread adoption. However, structured CBT may offer another choice to the menopausal management armamentarium, particularly for women who have insomnia, are averse to hormonal therapies, or have contraindications.


The mating system in five northern Ontario populations of tamarack (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) was investigated using five allozyme marker loci (Aat3, G6p, Mdh3, Pgi2, and 6pg2). The mean mul...


The authors report on a search for compositeness in ee{gamma} events and a search for gauge-mediated supersymmetry in {gamma}{gamma}E{sub T} events. they also report on two signature-based searches for anomalous production of {gamma}{gamma} + X (where X = e, {mu}, {gamma}, E{sub T}) and {gamma}{ell} + X (where X = E{sub T}, {ell}, {gamma}). The analyses are based on 0.9-1.2 fb{sup -1} of data from p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV collected with the CDF and D0 detectors at the Fermilab Tevatron. No significant excess of data over the predicted background has been observed.


Asimple and rapid flowinjection spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of aluminiumox- ide in tanning liquor. It based on the color reaction Al (Ⅲ) with salicylfluorone (SAF) to formpurplish red complexat the pres- ence of cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB). The calibration curve is linear within the range 0·2 ~18μg/mL of Al3 +, the detection limit is0·002 3μg/mL(3σ) and the relative standard deviation is1·1% (5μg/mLof Al3 +, n =9). The method has satisfactory results when applied to determine the content of aluminum oxide in tanning liquor.


With the recent advances in wireless technologies, high frequency radio has become the primary medium for long-distance communication. Among various types of modulation in signal transmission, morse code stands out due to its simplicity and efficiency in information transmission while costing small bandwidth. In practice, however, it is extremely laborious to locate morse signals in wideband communication. It's a needle in a haystack, if morse code is sent in random carrier waves at random period. To avoid this, automatic morse signal detection has become a challenging task in wireless morse communications, and new solutions could be derived from the latest machine learning techniques. In this paper, we propose a deep learning framework, namely DeepMorse, to blindly detect morse signals in wideband spectrum data. In particular, we first develop a multi-signal sensing module to retrieve signal candidates from wideband spectrum without prior knowledge. Then, we construct a CNN-based module to extract informative features from the located candidates, in order to distinguish the morse signal from other types of modulation. To evaluate the proposed DeepMorse model, we set up a testbed utilizing commercialized long-distance wireless communication devices. The experimental results demonstrate that DeepMorse is able to effectively detect morse signals and outperform the state-of-the-art methods on four real-world datasets.


Summary form only given. One of the most important physical parameters determining the basic laser output characteristics such as threshold current is the optical gain. In present work for the first time we measured the current and temperature dependencies of the modal gain in 2.3 /spl mu/m InGaAsSb/AlGaAsSb wide aperture lasers. The heterostructures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaSb substrates.


however, naacp branches and officers were as likely to be boycotting, marching, and picketing between 1956 and 1964 as they were in litigating, lobbying, and petitioning. Virginia's naacp executive, Lester Banks, was arrested for trespass in 1961 when he sat-in at a white lunch counter in Lynchburg. naacp youth branches spearheaded local direct action movements in Durham, North Carolina, and Macon, Georgia. Moreover, the naacp nurtured leaders of new civil rights activism. King, E. D. Nixon, and Rosa Parks were officers of Montgomery's branch before the bus boycott. Ella Baker, Wyatt Walker, James Farmer, and Floyd McKissick were all naacp officers before leading the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and the Congress of Racial Equality. If all the South were Alabama, direct action would be the movement's drama, and its most dramatic moments would occur there. Were all the South Alabama, Martin Luther King would be the movement's pre-eminent voice, often the only one heard above the turmoil enmeshing local leaders in local grievances. Even if all the South is Alabama, the naacp often came to King's rescue, and its branches sustained local movements of local people when the television cameras were gone. Someone should write that history. In the meantime, Dividing Lines is a major book by a major historian. It will influence and provoke historians of the Civil Rights movement for a long time to come. ........................................................................................................................


Automated content-based sound classification is an emerging research avenue with applications in sound analysis, surveillance, noise source identification, multimedia retrieval, smart homes/cities, and urban informatics. Traditionally, hearing aid users have been manually changing the instrument settings according to prevailing acoustic conditions. This change activates the appropriate frequency response, compression parameters, noise-cancellation parameters etc. that best fit the situation. Automatic sensing and classification of current acoustic conditions and subsequent automatic switching can relieve the deaf aid user from the annoying task of recognizing the acoustic environment and manual switching. This paper deals with the urban sound classification using an ensemble method. The dataset used for this research is an urban sound dataset containing 27 hours of audio recording with 10 sound classes. For sound classification, individual classifiers verses ensemble methods are applied to the urban sound dataset. According to results, ensemble methods are proved more efficient and robust due to higher recognition rates. The results obtained can be beneficial for designing hearing aids with automatic switching based on automatic sound classification in urban conditions.


Glucocorticoids are among those most important hormones that maintain the energy metabolic homeostasis within body.The actions of glucocorticoids on target tissues,such as liver and adipose tissue,are not only dependent on circulating glucocorticoid levels but also on glucocorticoid receptor expression.The elevated level of circulating glucocorticoid caused by exogenous or endogenous reasons may contribute to insulin resistance and the other metabolic syndrome such as dyslipidemia,visceral obesity and hypertension.This review summarizes recent advances in the study of glucocorticoid receptor-mediated insulin resistance and its antagonists.


The application of cluster sampling to verifying the accuracy of maps derived from digital data is discussed. Variants of the cluster sampling technique were used in large scale assessments for areas in excess of one million hectares. Three types of classification errors are possible: commission errors, omission errors, and overall error classification. Commission errors for a particular cover type occur when pixels are classified as that cover type but are found to be some other cover type when the field is checked. Omission errors occur when pixels of fields already visited and known to be of a particular cover type, are classified as some other cover type. Overall error is the proportion of pixels incorrectly classified, without regard to omission or commission. Since the classified image represents the sampling frame, sampling for accuracy assessment was designed to estimate commission error. However, the sample can also provide useful estimates of omission and overall error. Assessment for Alaska, Arizona, and Oklahoma are presented.


In the spirit of Firsov's theory as modified by Brice, an exact expression for the electronic stopping cross section (S/sub e/) has been evaluated using analytical Hartree-Fock-Slater wave functions. Two consequences of this treatment are that (a) the individual orbital contribution to S/sub e/ is obtained, (b) an ab initio calculation of Brice's Z parameter is performed. In the former case conclusions are drawn about the importance of orbitals to the evaluation of S/sub e/. For the latter case a comparison is made between the exact Z values and Brice's values.


Standardisation and interoperability efforts are ongoing within and across organisations on a local and global scale. In many cases, industry-focused standards advocates propose offerings from their organisations to any possibly- involved organisations in global trade. Given regulatory and security measures established by national, European and international authorities, Single Window Access, business-to-government (B2G) collaboration and Data Tagging along a trade chain require a standardisation concept that works for all involved trade partners regardless of the size and industrial ori- entation. Semantic standardisation as proposed by the successor of UN/EDIBookID FACT, the United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business (UN/CEFACT) seems a promising approach. Thus far, it has not been tested in a complex environment, as, for example, in multi-national and interorganisational living labs. In this chapter we introduce the key aspects of UN/CEFACT and semantic standardisation. We illustrate the characteristics of semantic standardisations based not only on the findings of our work as Work Package 1 team, but also on our trials in selected living labs of the ITAIDE project. The prerequisites to make semantic standardisation work are then discussed based on experienced usability, benefits and limitations, and by disclosing further requirements that we have developed in our research. Moreover, the innovation in approaching standardisation as we have done is comprised of the connectedness of semantics, standards and regulations. The chapter closes with recommendations for making trusted trade networks executable.


Application of 80 kg S hit −1, 60 kg P 2O 5 ha −1 and Rhizobium inoculation significantly increased net return of c1usterbean over control by 38.7, 24.0 and 8.4 per cent, respectively. The correlation and regression equations were worked out to-establish cause and effect relation between yield attributes and yield of clusterbean. Correlation coefficient study revealed that the seed yield was significantly and highly positively correlated with number of pods per plant (0.96), number of seeds per pod (0.98), test weight (0.97) and total uptake of nitrogen (0.99), phosphorus (0.97) and sulphur (0.79).


PURPOSE: This study examined the factors related to school-based activity performance in school-aged children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: The Gross Motor Function Systems (GMFCS), Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) as functional classifications, and the physical activity performance of the School Function Assessment (SFA) were measured in 79 children with spastic CP to assess the student's performance of specific school-related functional activities. RESULTS: All the function classification systems were correlated significantly with the physical activity


This paper proposes a novel watermarking algorithm in digital images to ensure the imperceptible characteristics of the watermarks, reducing the effects on images quality while maintaining recoverability. The proposed method is performed by embedding watermarks in the DCT domain. DCT coefficients, which are selected to be embedded, or not, are based on an evaluation of watermark robustness during the quantization phase of the JPEG Baseline method. Results of the algorithm have been evaluated using Matlab.


Doll, K. L., L. L. Pewe, S. P. Kurup, and J. T. Harty. 2016. Discriminating protective from nonprotective Plasmodium -specific CD8+ T cell responses. J. Immunol. 196: [4253–4262][1].

The amino acid sequence for the recombinant Listeria monocytogenes insert for the S20-derived epitope was


The characters of commonly used external wall insulation technology were analyzed and a kind of comparative mature one was proposed. As well the performances of commonly used energy saving materials were discussed too.


Studies point out challenges for the acquisition of the Brazilian sign language (Libras) by deaf children. Most deaf people are children of hearing parents who do not know Libras and the first contact with this language can occur only in the school environment. With the situation of social isolation and the impossibility of opening schools due to the "New Coronavirus" pandemic, these problems have worsened. The project called #CasaLibras of virtual attention in Libras for deaf children aimed to produce videos with children's storytelling directly in Libras. The actions are justified as a way of informing, entertaining, as well as, stimulating the contact of this language by deaf children in their homes. This article intends to analyze this political scenario, problematizing: 1) the philosophical-social conceptions about deafness, 2) the struggle for deaf survival, given the lack of public, social and educational policies, in a necropolitics that is affirmed in the production of death (symbolic and real for the deaf, due to the guidelines for the adaptation of deaf bodies to the oral language and the lack of information, exposing them to the risk) of deaf differences; and, finally, 3) the analysis of the results of the #CasaLibras project aimed at deaf children. The data suggest a widespread use of the media and some viralization of Libras, in the pandemic, through the action of the people. It highlights the positivity of the project in promoting accessibility for deaf children and the urgency of expanding inclusive bilingual policies that strengthen the singularities of these lives, leaving them less vulnerable, physically and symbolically.


Objective To establish the traceability of XC Test ′s urea measurement system to improve the accuracy of customers′ final test results and contribute to the mutual recognition of the test results.Methods To establish XC Test′s own traceability flow chart on the basis of traceability chain map in the international standards GB/T 21415-2008/ISO 17511:2003.To purchase the reference material(NIST SRM 909b).First,to trace manufacturers working calibrator to reference material.Then,to trace the product calibrator to urea working calibrator and to calculate the uncertainty of the combination,to complete the tracing of the value of urea product calibrator made by XC Test.Results By testing and comparing the fresh clinical serum samples,the interoperability of reference materials was ensured.Meanwhile,SPSS17.0 was adopted to conduct the statistical analysis.Under the standard of the 1/4CL IA′88 total allowable error of 97% prediction interval and testing projects,the requirement of value transferring verification was reached.The uncertainty was further determined till completing the tracing job.Conclusion XC Test succeeds in the value assignment of the product calibrator since the creation of self-built traceability process,which realizes the tracing of product calibrator and improves the accuracy of the test results of reagents manufactured by XC Test.


This study compared the frequency, number of goals and attack efficiency in temporal numerical superiority among winning and losing teams and among balanced and unbalanced matches in a junior men's water polo competition. Another analysed relationship was that between a balanced or unbalanced final score and the efficiency at scoring goals in numerical superiority in the winning teams' games. A total of 56 matches from the Pan-American Junior Men's Water Polo championship was analysed. The teams were categorised as losers or winners and the match results were classified as balanced or unbalanced. The chi-squared and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical treatment. There is no significant difference in the occurrence of numerical superiority between winners and losers (p = 0.25) despite the winners scoring more goals (p = 0.002) and being more efficient (p < 0.001). There is no significant difference in the occurrence of numerical superiority (p = 0.81) and goals (p = 0.03) in balanced and unbalanced matches. However, there tends to be a higher shot efficiency (p = 0.01) in unbalanced matches. A significant relationship exists (p = 0.04) between the winning teams' efficiency at scoring goals in a situation of numerical superiority and an unbalanced score.


The effects of cyclophosphamide (CY) on reticuloendothelial system (RES) and immune responsiveness were studied in mice. 1) Single injection of sublethal dose of CY reduced the number of peritoneal cells , but the activity as measured by increased rates of carbon clearance and peritoneal macrophage spreading sustained almost normal immediately after CY injection. Thereafter the activity of RES increased slowly and reached its maximum about 10 days later. 2) CY-pretreatment increased delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and decreased the number of plaque forming cells (PFC) to sheep red blood cells immunized 3 days after injection of CY , while thereafter it was found that DTH decreased and the production of PFC increased and reached to a peak about 10 days later. 3) CY-pretreatment reduced a resistance against pseudomonas infection 3 days after injection , while the increased resistance was found thereafter and reached to a peak about 10 days later .


Abstract : This document is primarily a listing of software developed at IST for the Aviation Technology Research Laboratory. Some chapters cover general purpose libraries, some cover header files included by multiple modules, but most chapters cover the software needed to build one of the executable programs making up the testbed. The ASAT software delivered to IST consisted of two source files, asat.c and internet.asm. These underwent minor modifications to allow the delay project to intercept the ASAT packets. Some of the interface software (e.g., data collection, Section 11) spawns a window process (BE). Being commercial software, IST is not at liberty to supply detailed descriptions of BE. In any case, the intent of its use is apparent from its usage.


To improve the braking performance of brakes, namely to increase the wear resistance and friction coefficient of brakes, the dry sliding wear and friction performances of Ni/WC coatings containing varied contents of WC particles are researched . Scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been used for observing the wear surfaces of the coatings, and the anti-wear mechanisms of the coatings and the influences of WC contents on the wear and friction performances of the coatings have been also discussed on the basis of the observations. The experimental results indicate that Ni/WC coatings possess better wear and friction properties than the substrate, the reasons of which are because of the higher hardness and better toughness of the coatings.


This study elaborates the anxiety of Arthur Dimmesdale in Scarlet Letter movie by Rolland Joffe, based on structural analysis and based on psychoanalytic approach. The aim of the study is to analyze the structural elements and the anxiety of Arthur Dimmesdale.
This study belongs to qualitative study. The data source is divided into two, namely primary data source and secondary data source. The primary data source is the movie Scarlet Letter and the secondary data source is the other sources related to the analysis such as author's biography. The technique of analysis data is descriptive technique.
The outcome of the study shows that the major character faces the conflict in his life. It brings him into anxiety that influences his personality. The most dominant anxiety is moral anxiety.


Responsibility to Protect (R2P) provides a moral basis for collective action through the UN Security Council in reaction to mass atrocity situations. However, this avenue is not always available. The question then arises whether other actors can and should assume responsibility in such circumstances and, if so, which kinds of measures they may pursue. The present article examines this question with a specific interest in the international reactions to the Syrian crisis since 2011. The analysis proceeds on the assumption that the growing usage of solidarity measures outside the UN framework is a sign of the relative success of R2P in terms of gaining ground among international policy-makers. However, according to the article, if solidarity measures as a way of enforcing R2P are to achieve widespread legitimacy, consideration must be paid to the legal concerns generated by this development. In particular, regard must be had to the compatibility of the measures pursued, including asset freeze, arms embargoes and the arming of rebel forces with the law in force.


The organization of chromatin was analysed in a segment of the chicken ovalbumin gene extending 6.5 kb upstream from the start site of transcription. Nuclei of chicken oviduct cells and of erythrocytes, and preparations of 'naked' DNA were digested with DNase I and with micrococcal nuclease. The locations of specific nuclease cleavage sites were determined by analyzing the fragments obtained with an indirect end‐labeling technique. In oviduct nuclei there are four regions of DNase I hypersensitivity centered at approximately 0.15, 0.80, 3.2 and 6.0 kb upstream from the mRNA cap site. DNase I hypersensitive regions are absent from the 5′‐flanking regions of erythrocyte nuclei. Micrococcal nuclease cleavage sites were found that are unique to oviduct nuclei and others that are enhanced in oviduct nuclei, relative to erythrocyte nuclei and to naked DNA. The locations of these micrococcal nuclease cleavage sites are closely associated with the DNase I hypersensitive regions. Nuclease hypersensitivity in the 5′‐flanking region of oviduct nuclei reflects alterations in chromatin structure that are specifically correlated with gene expression. Our results suggest the presence at hypersensitive regions of specific proteins which alter the chromatin structure, making the DNA more accessible to nuclease attack.


With the increase of household electricity consumption and the introduction of distributed new energy sources, more attention has been paid to the issue of optimizing the cost of electricity purchase for household customers. An effective way to deal with these problems is through home energy management system (HEMS). In this paper, a model of home energy management is presented to optimize the home energy mix. The operation of home electricity consumption devices, distributed generation systems, and energy storage devices, as well as the charging and discharging of electric vehicles, are all considered. HEMS is a self-regulating system that can accommodate fluctuations in tariffs and home electricity consumption. The structure and the optimal scheduling algorithm of HEMS are introduced. The smart grid and demand response, smart home, new energy generation, energy storage, and other related technologies are discussed. Furthermore, the optimal scheduling of power consumption devices and energy sources in the HEMS and future development directions are explained and analyzed. A framework of HEMS is presented on the basis of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). The framework adopts a local information management terminal as the core of data storage and scheduling in the home. Based on the timely purchase of electricity from the grid and the generation of electricity in combination with PV systems, an optimized simulation model for the scheduling of a new home energy management system is established. In addition, the application prospects of artificial intelligence in the HEMS are overviewed.


The queries for XML data of web application are usually affected by the disadvantages of the network,such as the limited transmitting speed and so on.In order to reduce the overhead of the network communication for maintaining the consistency between XML materialized views and their data source,a web-based incremental maintenance solution for XML materialized views is provided.The solution generates programs to maintain views according to multiple query requests from clients and the update information about changes to the data source,using code migrating of the programs instead of querying XML views once again,therefore it reduces the capacity of communication effectively.The version maintenance control capability is discussed in detail,which serves as the core part in the incremental maintenance process,to maintain the update programs of views used to maintain the update at different time.This capability meets the requirement of maintaining various materialized views from multiple users well.A framework of incremental main-tenance for the materialized views is presented.


Iron ore has been good to Australia. Once again, we got lucky, this time with the unique convergence of three cycles: Chinese catch-up growth and urbanisation; an unprecedented steel boom; and a massive supply expansion.


Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare, serious disorder and may be life threatening affecting mainly mucocutaneous tissues. It is a type of generalised, multisystemic hypersensitivity reaction directly linked to the drug intake. It is one of the few serious adverse effects of drugs involving skin and mucous membranes which are characterised by rash, bullae and blisters spread on skin, mucous membranes, swelling with erosive lesions on lips and face and hyperpigmentation. Normally, SJS is a self-resolving condition but it has potential to be converted into life-threatening disease. Here, we describe and present a case series of SJS inflicted by rifampicin and allopurinol. First one is a 28-year-old-female and second case is a 50-year-old male, both received rifampicin for pulmonary tuberculosis. Third patient is a 22-year-old young male taken allopurinol for hyperuricemia. All these patients noticed a severe skin reaction which is a part of erythema multiforme spectrum. Causality assessment was done in these patients with the help of Naranjo's algorithm and diagnosed as cases of SJS.


Space is what matter uses as space. Space is not dependent on its texture. It can be made out of matter or non-matter. Time is one characteristic of the given space. Using this new approach, we can find substantial spaces that exist in reality, but we have never considered these as spaces. In these spaces the faster-than-light communication is reality. This paper is based on space-matter theory, but it can be understood without knowing this. Space-matter theory describes how space and matter create time. So matter that appears as space appears as time, too. This conclusion is very new, but it is an important part of the space-matter theory.


Congenital aural stenosis, as compared to congenital aural atresia, carries a much greater risk of cholesteatoma. In a review of over 600 patients with major congenital ear malformations, 50 patients (54 ears) were found to have congenital aural stenosis. Ninety‐one percent of the ears in patients 12 years and older with a stenosis of 2 mm or less presented with cholesteatoma.


Digital map based on pre-generation technology and open source project MapEasy is introduced.MapEasy can only support square map model and has memory leak problem.To counter these problems,this paper carried on the corresponding optimization to pro-vide rectangular map support and reduce memory usage.Finally,a simple map example is given to illustrate the applications of MapEasy digital map.


This document provides a framework and service level requirements for
Virtual Private Multicast Service (VPMS). VPMS is defined as a Layer 2
VPN service that provides point-to-multipoint connectivity for a
variety of Layer 2 link layers across an IP or MPLS-enabled PSN. This
document outlines architectural service models of VPMS and states
generic and high level requirements. This is intended to aid in
developing protocols and mechanisms to support VPMS.


Quiet zone is a region in the anechoic chamber where the reflexivity is controlled at a designed level. Analytical formulation and hybrid methods are implemented to analyze the quiet zone in an anechoic chamber, since it is difficult to simulate the whole chamber with periodic absorber arrays. Herein the reflection from a single absorber is operated with FEM while the reflection from absorbing walls and metal ground are operated with periodic dyadic Green's functions (DGF). It describes the reflection from the periodic array absorbers as equivalent source to build the scatter field in the chamber, with floquent wave (FW) method taken to deal with the phase difference of the scatter field. The program of calculating the reflective field of any point in the chamber is given. The test procedure is described concisely for the comparison of simulation result and practical test


This study investigated changes of input materials of apartment houses in accordance with design conditions, and estimated basic unit of CO2 emission of apartment houses. The findings were as follow : The study selected 12 materials by sensitivity analysis of input materials and estimated basic unit of CO2 emission of other materials than major materials. And, the study suggested basic unit of CO2 emission of apartment houses in accordance with design conditions.


The Formation and Territory of Aragaya deducing from Archaeological Sources Kim, Se-ki [Abstract] Aragaya, existed in Haman, was the state which formed and developed from Anya, a small country belong to the Three Han States, in the third century. There have been negative views about the existence of Anya, because a wooden grave proving the formation of small countries didn`t excavate at Haman. But recently, a large scale of dolmens on the boundaries of graves were excavated at Jindongri. When we deduce from the distinctions of the scale and facilities contained therein, we can conclude that a high level of political authority was developed at Haman. According to archaeological materials, the people established the foundation of early state at Haman were the group constructed dolmens at Jondongri. The early state at Haman was formed at Jindongri, unified a Haman basin and the group built dolmens around it, and transferred the center to the Dohangri area. That has the root of Anya, and the territories were included the central zone of Haman basin, the coastal area of Jindongri, and the district of Gunbuk around Nam River. Anya was developed to Anra on the strength of the foreign trade by utilizing the southern coast and the advantage of waterways along Nam River and Nakdong River in the late of third and the early of fourth centuries. And the state expanded to the Chilwon area in this century. The main form of grave was changed to pit tomb in the fifth century. The ancient graves of Dohangri, the complex of Aragaya graves, had some characteristics, such as the very fine plane form flattened to more than 5.5:1 ratio drapery, the structure of a single room, and the burial of the living with the dead inside the central room. Therefore, Aragaya was developed from the period of using pit tomb as a main form of grave.


The article expatiates the essentiality Computer Aided Process Planning(CAPP) integration system, and probes into the key technologies, including the description and input of accessory information, the realization of technics decision-making and files, has practical effect.


I n this entertaining and sprawling book, Wuthnow turns his attention to the ways in which the notion of middle-class respectability gained traction in the United States in the nineteenth century, particularly after the Civil War. Drawing on the work of Bourdieu, Wuthnow argues that middle-class respectability is a practice, one that constructs the middle class through a series of distinctions drawn between its practitioners and various "others." These others include religious zealots, traveling salesmen, the mentally ill, and juvenile delinquents (all subjects of chapters in the book). Marginalized individuals and groups, what Wuthnow calls "misfits," "served persistently, repeatedly, and often quite prominently" as contrasts and negative cases against which middle-class respectability was defined (2). Thus, this book adds significantly to our understanding of the growth of the middle class in nineteenthand early twentieth-century America. At the same time, the sprawling nature of the work, its attempt to encompass such an eclectic band of misfits, and its preoccupation with entertaining details make it less successful than it could or should have been. In a way, Wuthnow has written two books. One, a scholarly piece of literature on the role of moral evaluations in social differentiation, often gets buried beneath the second, an entertaining tale of some interesting characters that Wuthnow has unearthed from the archives. If you are willing to go along for the ride, more than 300 pages of small type glancing from one set of "misfits" to another, you can learn some interesting things about both US history and the way social differentiation works. Wuthnow outlines his approach in the first chapter, entitled "A Relational Approach: The Social Construction of Respect and Respectability." He argues that respectability, and claims to it, have been key throughout US history, but became particularly salient in the later nineteenth century, just as industrialism was setting in. Bids to middle-class respectability were tied in with the concept of the American Dream, upward social mobility premised on hard work and playing by the rules, as embodied in the Horatio Alger stories. What are those rules, however? Here is where Wuthnow deftly folds in Bourdieusian theory. It turns out that we know what the rules are primarily by pointing out the rule-breakers, or, in Wuthnow's words, "respectability was defined in the breach as much as it


This paper deals with the effect of ecological energy carrier on flow characteristics of a hydraulic pump. A hydraulic oil MOL Farm UTTO Synt was used as an ecological energy carrier. After completing 900 engine hours, the flow efficiency of the hydraulic pump decreased by Δηpr = 1.197 %. Oil samples were taken from the agricultural tractor Zetor Forterra 114 41. These samples were subjected to an IR spectroscopy analysis in an accredited laboratory WearCheck, Hungary. The following oil properties were examined: kinematic viscosity at 40 °C, viscosity index, silicium and ferrum content.


Kremer examines Mol's evolution over the past two decades, noting the multidisciplinary artist's interest in the dialogue between the traditional and the contemporary and his rapport with materials. Essink's afterword characterizes the artist's work as "tangible poetry." Includes texts reprinted from Mol's diaries.


Clustering is an important part of data mining. It can immensely simplify data complexity and helps discover the underlying patterns and knowledge from massive quantities data points. The popular efficient clustering algorithm k -means has been widely used in many fields. However, The k -means method also suffers from several drawbacks. It selects the initial cluster centers randomly that greatly influences the clustering performance. This study proposes a new P system with modified differential evolution k -means algorithm to improve the quality of initial cluster centers of k -means algorithm. The P system has three types of membranes: elementary, local store, global store. Different membranes have different rules. Based on the membrane structure, the elementary membranes evolve the objects with modified differential evolution algorithm and other types of membrane update the local best and the global best objects synchronously with communication rules. Under the control of the P system, the hybrid algorithm achieves a good partition for data sets, compared with the classical k -means algorithm and DEk -means algorithm. Key-Words: Data mining; clustering; unsupervised learning; k-means; modified DE algorithm; membrane computing.


The purpose of this study was to develop computerized dietary assessment software for 24 hr recall interview and evaluate its applicability. Subject management system, standardized interview protocol, food composition table, and recipe databases were established for this program. The client software, developed using Microsoft's ClickOnce technology, can be distributed over the internet and automatically installed on user's PC. The client software communicates with the database system via http server to insert or retrieve its data. The steps of operation consist of subject and researcher tracking, input, calculating, output, and evaluation system. To evaluate the feasibility, 191 adults aged between 24 and 68 participated 24 hr recall interview with software and regular 24 hr recall interview using a questionnaire. On‐line interview took 9.7±4.5 min for one day recall and regular interview did 7.5±3.2 min. There were no significant differences in preferences, satisfaction, and ease of response between two methods. The results indicate that the web‐based software was well accepted to


This research was aimed to study the results of the application of agricultural legislation and the variables affecting compliance with such legislation, as well as knowing the role of agricultural legislation in supporting the agricultural policy steps in Iraq. The results showed that the variable of providing loans increases the probability of farmers' commitment to the governmental agricultural plan to a large extent, amounting to about (28.7), and the variable of the sale price of the crop to the state has an impact on the probability of commitment to the plan at a degree of (1.02) greater than the chances of non-compliance with the agricultural plan, as well as the variable value of the returns achieved under The existence of government support to a degree or a fixed rate of (1) in favor of adhering to the agricultural plan. As for the farmers' decision to market their crops to the state, it was found that the most influential variables were the commitment to the agricultural plan, almost six times (6.25), which will increase the probability of marketing the crop to the state compared to the commercial one. The other variable was the provision of loans with a double degree of about (2.72). The research concluded that paying attention to the aspect of financing and providing agricultural loans to farmers will lead to farmers getting rid of the financial restrictions imposed on them by the private sector. Also, the continuation of providing support will lead to an improvement in the level of farm income for farmers and not to search for other means to obtain income and thus adhere to the government legislation drawn up. The research recommended the need to provide government support and use modern technologies to increase production rates and achieve greater returns for farmers, and the presence of a supervisory body working to ensure that farmers do not violate the imposed government legislation.