The invention discloses a preparation method of a cylinder adhering agent for papermaking. The method comprises the following steps: step 1: ensuring that diethylenetriamine, diethyl succinate and crylic acid with the weight ratio of (1.4-1.6):(0.9-1.1):(0.4-06) react in the presence of potassium persulfate, so as to form a first copolymer; step 2: mixing and then dissolving the first copolymer and epoxy chloropropane with the weight ratio of (0.9-1.1):(0.3-0.5) into water, adjusting the pH value of solution to be 8 to 9, ensuring that reaction is performed for 3 to 5 hours at 60 to 70 DEG C, stopping reaction, filtering, and adjusting the pH value of mixture to be 3 to 4. The invention aims at providing a preparation method of a cylinder adhering agent for papermaking, with a good wrinkling effect.


Distribution concept of physical variables in viscoelasticity theory enables to represent the stress-strain relations in the form of convolution equations, that is algebraic equations in the convolution algebra of right-sided distributions. These equations can be handled in much the same way that one handles matrix equations. Distributional correspondence principle is formulated as a transition process from the algebra of numbers (elastic solution) to the convolution algebra of distributions (viscoelastic solution). Corresponding elements and operations, respectively, in both algebras are established. Applications to a wide class of problems of the plate and shell theory are shown.


A series of new aurone derivatives was prepared by means of a practical route and their anti-vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC) vegetation activities were evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthlazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) method with tetrandrine as a positive contrast drug. The structures of the com- pounds were confirmed by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(ESI-MS). Several new compounds exhibited promising activity against VSMC proliferation and the preliminary structure-activity relation- ships(SAR) were discussed in order to investigate the essential structures required for their bioactivities. Keywords Aurone derivative; Anti-vascular smooth muscle cell(VSMC) vegetation activity; Synthesis Article ID 1005-9040(2012)-03-438-05


This paper presents the results of a numerical study on the influence of structural passive supplemental damping systems on structural and nonstructural seismic fragilities of a critical facility. Hysteretic and viscous damping systems are used to retrofit a 4-story steel framed prototype building assumed to be part of an acute care facility which contains different types of secondary nonstructural systems attached at various levels of the building. The recently calibrated Specific Barrier Model (SBM) is used to simulate four different ensembles of synthetic strong ground motions for a hypothetical site located on the west-coast of the United States. Each ensemble is representative of a different seismic hazard level at the site. Nonlinear dynamic analyses are performed to generate fragility curves for the structural system and nonstructural components based on various performance objectives. The performance of each passive supplemental damping system in reducing the seismic fragilities of both structural and nonstructural components is evaluated. Introduction To achieve a given target seismic performance level for critical facilities, such as acute care facilities, the harmonization of the performance levels between structural and nonstructural components and systems is required. Even if the structural components of a building achieve an immediate occupancy performance level during a seismic event, failure of nonstructural components inside the building can lower the performance level of the entire building. In comparison to structural components and systems, there is still relatively limited information on the seismic performance of building nonstructural components. Basic research work in this area has been sparse, and the available codes and guidelines are usually, for the most parts, based on past experiences, engineering judgment, and intuition, rather than on experimental and analytical results. Post-doctoral Research Associate, Dept. of Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA Former Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece Professor, Dept. of Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA Paper No. 227


Bhaishajya Kalpana is a branch of Ayurveda which deals mainly with Aushadha nirmana, by using the
tools like Samyoga, Vishlesha, Kala, Samskara and Yukti. Sneha Kalpana is one such aushadha
kalpanas which contains water and lipid soluble active principles. Adityapaka (heating through Sunrays/solar radiation/solar
resource)is a type of sneha kalpana where taila or ghrita is processed on mild temperature produced by the exposure to sunlight
for a specic time period at times in specc vessels (iron, copper, steel etc). This method is practiced to prepare taila or ghrita
paka from the drugs that possibly are having volatile property and are heat sensitive in nature. Very minimum references
regarding such procedure of Aditya paka are available that too scattered in classics. This is an attempt to collect information on
such formulations by reviewing classical texts and various databases through various search engines like Google scholar,
Pubmed etc. Total 29 references of Aditya paka found in different texts of Ayurveda. These formulations are routinely prescribed
for topical application


The GO methodology is a useful method for system reliability analysis since the method can directly calculate a reliability for simple systems, but the analysis is more difficult for complex systems with shared signals. This paper presents a method for analyzing shared signals by modifying the logic operator formulas and presents a new exact algorithm to calculate the reliability of complex systems. Iterative solutions of the simple GO methodology for various state combinations of the shared signals are used to calculate all the signal state probabilities of complex systems. Results of an example show that the algorithm is effective and accurate. The exact algorithm in this paper will further develop the GO methodology for more practical applications.


The study sought to examine the Zimbabwe Open University's (ZOU) Bachelor of Educational Management Students' attitudes on the use of ICT in their studies. Qualitative research paradigm anchored the study because of its usefulness of facilitating data gathering from human subjects. It was a case study of five regional centers of the Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU). This case study called for a high level of commitment with research participants whose experiences researchers were trying to investigate. The study could bring to the fore the new knowledge about ODL students' attitudes towards the use of ICT in their studies so that ODL policy makers could take the necessary courses of action to correct situations that let down the quality of education their universities offer. In terms of theory, this study was guided by the critical theory. In their open responses, participants indicated the following issues as themes that portray positive attitudes of the ZOU's Bachelor of student on the use of ICT in their studies.


In this paper, the design of the test and control system for military movable power stations is introduced. The hardware and software of the system are described briefly. At the same time, the anti-interference design for the system is described detailedly.


Purpose: To improve target delineation in the radiation therapy planning process by quantitatively registering endoscopic contours traced on endoscopic images to volumetric imaging. This method is especially useful for target delineation in head and neck and esophageal cancers. Methods: We have developed technology that registers endoscopic images to CTimages by tracking and registering the position and orientation of the endoscope relative to the CTimage set using electromagneticsensors embedded in the endoscope. After 2D to 3D image registration, users can contour regions‐of‐interest visible in the 2D endoscopic view. A mesh is created on the interior of the ROI and projected onto the 3D image data, registering the ROI with the volumetric image. This 3D ROI can be exported into the treatment planning software (TPS).The technology was tested on an anatomical head phantom based on a subject image with test "lesion" created by soaking a pad with CT contrast agent so that the lesion was visible in the TPS images. The contouring accuracy was tested by comparing the average minimum distance between the endoscopy‐derived and TPS contours. Results: A CTimage of the head phantom was acquired followed by endoscopic imaging. The lesion was contoured in the endoscopic image and the resulting mesh contour imported imported into Pinnacle. The lesion was contoured in Pinacle using CT# threshold. The average minimum distance between the endoscopy and TPS contours was 0.96mm with 93% of all points in the endoscopy ROI within 1.5 mm of any point within the TPS ROI. This accuracy is limited by the CTimaging resolution and the EM sensor accuracy. Conclusions: We have demonstrated that lesions can be contoured from 2D endoscopic images and registered to 3D volumetric data sets with an accuracy of ±1 mm.


Purpose of reviewThe aim is to overview recent evidence on consequences, assessment, and management of iron overload in transfusion-independent patients with &bgr;-thalassemia intermedia. Recent findingsDespite their transfusion-independence, &bgr;-thalassemia intermedia patients can still accumulate iron due to increased intestinal absorption. Recent observational studies show that iron burden in this group of patients can ultimately reach considerably high thresholds, and leads to a variety of serious morbidities involving the liver, endocrine glands, and arguably the vascular system. The diagnosis of iron overload in this patient population can follow established guidelines from &bgr;-thalassemia major patients, although with careful interpretation of spot serum ferritin levels. Data from a recent randomized clinical trial demonstrated the efficacy and safety of iron chelation therapy in decreasing liver iron concentration in this group of patients, which may ultimately help in reducing morbidity risk. SummaryIron overload in transfusion-independent patients with &bgr;-thalassemia intermedia deserves careful attention, and prompt diagnosis and management are recommended.


Tensile properties in defect-free weldments of aluminum alloys 2014-T6 and 2219-T87 (sheet and plate) are shown to be related to the level or concentration of induced simulated porosity. The scatter diagram shows that the ultimate tensile strength of the weldments displays the most pronounced linear relationship with the level of porosity. The relationships between yield strength or elongation and porosity are either trivial or inconsequential in the lower and intermediate levels of porosity content. In highly concentrated levels of porosity, both yield strength and elongation values decrease markedly. Correlation coefficients were obtained by simple straight line regression analysis between the variables of ultimate tensile strength and pore level. The coefficients were greater, indicating a better correlation, using a pore area accumulation concept or pore volume accumulation than the accumulation of the pore diameters. These relationships provide a useful tool for assessing the existing aerospace radiographic acceptance standards with respect to permissible porosity. In addition, these relationships, in combination with known design load requirements, will serve as an engineering guideline in determining when a weld repair is necessary based on accumulative pore level as detected by radiographic techniques.


A method for forming an electrophotographic photosensitive drum unit for use with a main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, said main assembly having a drive shaft (180) which is to be driven by a motor and having a rotational force, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive drum unit demountable from the main assembly in a direction is which is substantially perpendicular to an axial direction of the drive shaft (180), the method comprising the steps of: i) providing a (about its axis L1) rotatable electrophotographic photosensitive drum (107) having a photosensitive layer at its peripheral surface; ii) providing a coupling member (150) which is engageable with the rotating force applying portion in engagement to receive a rotational force for rotating the electrophotographic photosensitive drum (107); and iii) attaching the coupling element (150) on the electrophotographic photosensitive drum (107) in such a variable-angle manner that a rotational force transmitting angular position for transmitting the rotational force for rotating the electrophotographic photosensitive drum (107) on the electrophotographic photosensitive drum (107) and can take a disengaging angular position in which the coupling element (150) from the axis (L1) of the electrophotographic photosensitive drum (107) as far away tilted from the rotational force transmitting angular position, that when the electrophotographic photosensitive drum unit of the electrophotographic from the main assembly the image forming apparatus is disassembled in a direction substantially ...


Recent results related on optical building blocks structures for nanophotonics tunable structures based on silicon on insulator material are presented. Dimensional control of such extreme high index contrast structures for applications in complex devices will be discussed.


Excess molar volumes (VE) and changes in viscosity (Δη) have been determined for binary liquid mixtures of propylene carbonate (PC) with (C5–C8) n-alkanols at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure, over the whole composition range. The positive VE corresponding to negative Δη, for all the mixtures studied, suggests the presence of specific interactions, namely, involving the intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The results are correlated by means of a Redlich–Kister type equation. The fitting of viscosities to the parameter (N12) of Nissan–Grunberg or to the (H12) parameter of Hind et al. provides models for the dynamic viscosities; the two-parameter (v12 and v12) McAllister equation and the three parameters (a, b, and c) Heric–Brewer provide models for the kinematic viscosities, allowing us to gain greater knowledge of the interactions between unlike molecules. However, this analysis suggests that the McAllister model fits the data better than the others. Keywords: excess volumes, propylene carbonate, n-alkanols, ...


The aim of this study was to study interprofessional collaboration in health and social care for older people and persons with disabilities from a care manager's perspective. The empirical data was collected at a workshop held during a national conference for care managers and through focus group interviews in two Swedish municipalities. The results showed that the care managers collaborated in different ways with many different professionals from different organisations. The care and discharge planning meetings emerged as the most typical situation where care managers collaborated with different health care professionals. Interprofessional collaboration was seen as a means for care managers to fulfil their assignment and carry out their work. The care manager role encompassed role strain, a relatively weak professional identity, and differences in professional status among those involved in interprofessional collaboration.


The singlefactor randomized block design was used to study the effect of plant growth regulator Pix and Green fresh hormone (six levels based) on the soluble protein content of poppy leaf at bud stage. The experimental results showed that sufresh green shoots could inhibite the growth of plants and reduce photosynthesis and transpiration, meantime, they were also able to affect the degree of soluble protein content, its concentration had no significant change before 3 d, but the latter change was obvious, and significantly higher than those in the control of the soluble protein content. Pix had delaying effects on nutrition growth of plant, soluble protein content under different pix concentrations had no significant difference, the change trend in the time was similar with the control.


The thermoelectric conversion with lower Renault number (Re) fluid, such as waste heat from industry boiler, and engine's circled cooling water, which can be designed as intramural generator structure. In this research, a thermoelectric project analysis model and the description of an intensified system are presented, its generator with the aligned or staggered platoon structure has strengthened heat-transfer property, and the heat convection coefficient ratio has increased times than plain tube; For the fluid kinetic energy's loss is influenced by the whirlpool, the pressure difference is several hundred Pa level which changes along with geometric parameters of transform components; what's more, heat transfer area increase distinctly under the same generator volume, which has built the foundation for the enhancement output electric power.


The interfacial tension, surface tension, intrinsic viscosity and solubilization of a series of Hexadecyl long chain, alkyl cycloalkyl and alkyl aryl sulfonates have been studied in Heptane as the hydrocarbon medium. It was observed from a distinct and significant change in the properties of sulfonate in Heptane media, within a narrow range of concentration, upon micellization (1,2). A decrease in magnitude of hydrocarbon/water interfacial tension continues even after micellization, indicating that surfactant continues to contribute to surface concentration at hydrocarbon/air & hydrocarbon/water interface even beyond cmc. The surface tension starts increasing after certain concentration beyond cmc, which indicates that number of surfactant molecules at air/hydrocarbon interface, decrease and instead, contribute to micellization. The axial ratio and micellar weights show that medium size micelles of un-spherical shape and narrow size distribution are formed in hydrocarbon medium (3,4). The solubilization of alkanes in aqueous sulfonates does not depend upon the hydrocarbon/ water interfacial tension but is directly related to the structure of the hydrocarbon portion of the sulfonate. While saturates hardly increases the solubilization (5.6). The mono and dirings aromatic derivatives, Hexadecyl Naphthalene sulfonate in particular, greatly enhances the solubilization. The structure of hydrocarbon solubilized as well as that of sulfonate influences the amount of solubilization. The studies are important from the point of view of application of sulfonates as surfactants and additives.


Linear and non-linear quantitative structure-activity relationships have been successfully developed for the modelling and prediction of acidity constant (pK a ) of 87 substituted acetic acids with diverse chemical structures. The descriptors appearing in the multi-parameter linear regression (MLR) model arc considered as inputs for developing the back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN). ANN model is constructed using two molecular descriptors; the most positive charge of acidic hydrogen atom (q + ) and most negative charge of the carboxylic oxygen atom (q') as inputs and its output is pK a . It has been found that properly selected and trained neural network with 53 substituted acetic acids could fairly represent dependence of the acidity constant on molecular descriptors. For evaluation of the predictive power of the generated ANN, an optimized network has been applied for prediction pK a , values of 17 compounds in the prediction set. Mean percentage deviation (MPD) for prediction set using the MLR and ANN models are 9.135 and 1.362, respectively. These improvements are due to the fact that the pK a of substituted acetic acids demonstrates non-linear correlations with the molecular descriptors.


Abstract The sensitivity of the onset of two weather regimes with respect to initial conditions is studied. The weather regimes are a Euro–Atlantic blocking regime and a Euro–Atlantic strong zonal flow regime. Both regimes are characterized by the same anomaly pattern but with opposite sign. Using a three-level quasigeostrophic T21 model and its tangent linear and adjoint versions, initial perturbations are computed that have the largest projection on this anomaly pattern at a prescribed forecast time. The tangent linear and adjoint techniques can be used only to describe linear error growth. However, with an iterative procedure, nonlinear error growth can be taken into account. In this way perturbations can be computed that trigger the onset of a weather regime in the linear range (even optimally) as well as in the nonlinear range. It is shown that moderate initial perturbations occasionally trigger a transition from a blocking regime to a zonal flow regime, or vice versa, within 3 days. For an optimizat...


In the second half of the twentieth century, a number of Asian countries achieved significant growth accelerations and began to rapidly catch up with advanced countries. Their success was based on their vigorous participation and competition in global markets, but it is now widely recognized that they were so successful in developing their competitiveness because of equally vigorous state support and industrial policies. Their experience demonstrated that competitiveness was not always exogenously determined by 'comparative advantage'. Competitiveness could be developed and changed by deliberate policies, though obviously within limits set by what could feasibly be achieved given the initial conditions of different countries. While these successful Asian countries were rapidly industrializing, the emergence of a new market fundamentalism in advanced countries, and particularly in the UK and the US, led to an unconditional acceptance of an accelerated de-industrialization in these countries as a normal consequence of changing comparative advantage. Over the longer term, the important lesson from the East Asian success stories is surely that comparative advantage is not a 'given' and policy can influence comparative


PfATP6, a calcium‐dependent ATPase of Plasmodium falciparum, is considered the putative target of the antimalarial drug artemisinin and its derivatives. Herein, the 3D structure of PfATP6 was modeled on the basis of the crystal structure of SERCA 1a, the mammalian homologue. Model validation was achieved using protein structure checking tools. AutoDock4 was used to predict the binding affinities of artemisinin (and analogues) and various other antimalarial agents for PfATP6, for which in vitro activity is also reported. No correlation was found between the affinity of the compounds for PfATP6 predicted by AutoDock4 and their antimalarial activity.


This study conducted an aquatic exercise program with obese women with intellectual disabilities for 12 weeks to examine its effects on body composition, blood lipid, and adiponectin. The results were as follows. First, for the change in body composition, the aquatic exercise group showed a decrease in weight and body fat. It suggested that an aquatic exercise program had a positive effect by effectively decreasing weight and body fat in obese women with intellectual disabilities. Second, for the change in blood lipid, the aquatic exercise group showed a decrease in TC, TG, and LDL and an increase in HDL, suggesting a positive effect. Third, for the change in adiponectin, the aquatic exercise group showed an increase in adiponectin, suggesting a positive effect. Based on the results, it was found that an aquatic exercise program was effective to decrease weight and body fat and useful to reduce cardiovascular diseases risk in obese women with intellectual disabilities who can be more apt to be obese because of limited physical activity and social participation and reckless dietary habits. The program also demonstrated its positive effects to prevent obesity, cardiovascular diseases, lifestyle diseases by decreasing or increasing blood lipid in obese women with intellectual disabilities. The effects of exercise can become higher when neighbor people's active concerns and support are given, not only by exercise itself. Further study should develop useful programs for people with intellectual disabilities, develop professional coaches, and provide institutional support for easy participation in exercise of people with intellectual disabilities. It will greatly help them enjoy exercise and undergo mental therapy.


1. Folate was measured microbiologically with Lactobacillus casei in extracts from a range of different foods at two incubation pH values, 6·2 and 6·8. 2. The values for folate content obtained at pH 6·2 were, in several instances, considerably higher than at pH 6·8. The 'positive drift' seen in the values for dilutions incubated at pH 6·8 were absent from results at pH 6·2. 3. A comparison was made of the ability of the two main sources (hog kidney and chicken pancreas) of deconjugase enzyme to produce measurable folate and the hog-kidney enzyme was shown to produce consistently higher values. 4. The results presented here will have significance for studies of folate intake using calculations from food composition tables, in the light of the apparent discrepancy between calculated folate intake and the recommended daily allowances for the UK.


A general method for designing multilayered WDM optical networks, based on the combined use of single‐and multi‐hop connection modes, is presented. It takes into account variable values for the number of users and wavelengths in each cluster. Closed form expressions are derived for the transmission capacity and the optimum number of channels for intra‐cluster communications, either in the case of uniform or non‐uniform traffic distribution. The analytical approach is particularly useful in the presence of constraints on the number of wavelengths, due to technological limits or non‐linear phenomena, when sub‐optimal solutions must be necessarily addressed. The proposed method is integrated with the adoption of well‐known selection procedures, like simulated annealing or genetic algorithms, to reduce the computational effort. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


T he community of Lambton County, including its major urban area of Sarnia, is located in southwestern Ontario on the Canada-U.S. border, where Lake Huron flows into the St. Clair River. Home of North America's first commercial oil field, which began producing in 1858, Lambton County's industrial roots are well-established; the region is best known as the center of Ontario's chemical and refining industry. Twenty major chemical and refining companies built plants there between 1942 and 1980. The area has benefited tremendously from global innovations in chemistry, which shifted 95% of the products made from biobased sources in the previous century to hydrocarbon-based production. The region is also part of the larger core of agricultural and automotive clusters that dominate southwestern Ontario. While traditional petroleum-based fuels and chemicals will remain a core industry in Sarnia-Lambton, the region is experiencing a new industrial revolution. Biobased feedstocks are gradually supplementing, and may in some cases eventually replace, petroleum and petroleum-derived products. A marriage of chemistry, biology, and information technology is underway, and the development of new technologies and convergence of others among the chemical, agriculture, and automotive sectors offer exciting new possibilities. This is an opportunity not only for Sarnia-Lambton but for Ontario and Canada as a whole. Canada must assume a leadership position to establish a chemical industry based on both petroleum and biobased feedstocks. At present, the chemical industry is the fourth largest manufacturing sector in Canada, exporting more than 80% of production and creating more than 80,000 direct and 390,000 indirect jobs. While overall global trade increases equal about 3% compound aggregate growth rate (CAGR), renewable chemicals are growing at a 13% CAGR. It is important that Canada remain at the forefront of chemicals production as the transition to biobased materials occurs. The Sarnia-Lambton cluster offers several advantages for producers, including access to sufficient quantities of cost-competitive locally produced biomass; access to existing chemical industry services, land, infrastructure, and know-how; and the skills and technical knowledge of the region's labor force, educational institutions, and research and development facilities. The evolution of SarniaLambton as an important cluster is tied to the onset of globalization and the harsh realities of aging technology and aggressive global competition facing the petrochemical industry. The ability to leverage Sarnia's abundance of biobased feedstock draws on the regions inherent benefits and could restore jobs lost by the closure of key manufacturing facilities. During the past 10 years, a number of industry studies and various committees have focused on the challenge of repositioning the local refining and chemistry industries. In 2001, for example, the Sarnia-Lambton Economic Partnership identified industrial biobased industries as having exceptional potential as a partner for the region's petroleum-based economy. In 2003, the City of Sarnia and County of Lambton joined together to purchase the property that formerly was home to Dow Chemical's Canadian office, with the intent to establish a research park. Economic development representatives had approached the University of Western Ontario, and this partnership resulted in the creation of the University of Western Ontario Research Park, Sarnia-Lambton Campus, which is operated under a long-term agreement with University of Western Ontario Research Parks. The Research Park is now home to the Bioindustrial Innovation Centre (BIC)–a Canadian Centre of Excellence for Commercialization and Research and Canada's leading industrial biotechnology incubator–and a shared pilot plant facility. Established in 2008 with $15 million (USD15.17 million) in seed funding from the National Centres of Excellence program, the BIC was conceived to help bridge the gap between research and commercialization in chemicals, fuels, and energy production. Renovations to the Centre were partly funded by Ontario's Ministry of Innovation through a $10 million (USD10.12 million) grant. The BIC is working with the Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources (a research institute within the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Western Ontario) to accelerate the development and introduction of Canadian biofuels, renewable chemicals, and co-products into the marketplace. The Sustainable Chemistry Alliance (SCA), in conjunction with the Sarnia-Lambton Economic Partnership and other community partners, has been another significant player in advancing biobased industries in the Sarnia-Lambton region. Established in 2008, the not-for-profit organization promotes growth and prosperity by supporting innovation, development, commercialization, and related business activities and projects in sustainable chemistry. Headquartered at the Research Park, it is uniquely positioned to collaborate with the BIC and further its mandate of investing in the commercialization of green, sustainable technologies, processes, and businesses beyond concept and into the piloting stage. In addition to


A numerical simulation of the dynamics of melting and crystallization processes induced in cadmium selenide by radiation of the KrF excimer laser (&lgr; = 248 nm, &tgr; = 20 ns) was carried out taking into account the components evaporation from the surface and their diffusion in the melt. It is shown that intensive components evaporation from the surface results in the formation of nonmonotone temperature profile with maximum temperature at a depth of about 5 - 15 nm. As a result, melt formed in the semiconductor volume extends both to the surface and to the depth of sample. After termination of the laser radiation enrichment of the surficial region by selenium is equals ~ 0.51.


The pre-Columbian gardens of the Anahuac plateau disappeared as the result of the abrupt changes introduced by the Spaniards following the cruelest period of the Conquest. In spite of this destruction, many of the sixteenth-century chroniclers of the Indies included numerous descriptions in their texts. They provide a very complete idea of these gardens since they name their promoters and describe their formal structure and some of their most important elements. Together with these chronicles, sixteenth century manuscripts and certain mural paintings depict these pre-Columbian Mexican gardens, in which their uses -for pleasure as well as practical and symbolic purposes- is manifest.


Liver infarctions are a very rare occurrence due to the multiple-source blood supply of the liver. The cause of hepatic infarction is unclear. When diagnosed, appropriate treatment of these infarctions is unknown. Herein we describe a case of acute liver infarctions, with no obvious cause, in a young woman. Work-up did not shed light on the underlying etiology. Treatment with anticoagulation was commenced in this case, with rapid improvement and a good clinical outcome. We suggest that anticoagulation can be administered to treat hepatic infarctions even in the absence of clear-cut thrombosis.


Mainly discuss the design of computer monitoring water flow PLC system.Select electromagnetic flow-meter and classical Venturi meter system.Combined with Kingview 6.5 to establish the man-machine interface,connect Kingview with PLC.Kingview exchanges data with PLC.Kingview reflects the variation of local flow,temperature and pressure.Then,define equipments in monitoring system related with variables in Kingview real-time database.PLC acquires the equipment data and transforms the data into computer through communication interface.


This work is concerned with investigating and comparing methods for detecting marine mammals from autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs) where processing power and communications are limited. Accurate detection of marine mammals is important for population monitoring and for mitigation as many species are endangered and protected by environmental laws. We consider the latter of these in the context of detecting North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) in the vicinity of potentially harmful subsea activities. Detecting their presence before they enter a mitigation zone both protects the animal and avoids the shutdown of costly offshore operations.


A simple method for measuring the electrostatic charge of powder particles in a powder cloud sprayed from an electrostatic powder‐coating gun is described. Powder particles accompanied with ions were drawn into an insulator suction pipe and their charge was measured after they passed through the pipe by employing the suction‐type Faraday Cage. Most ions are eliminated by both electrostatic repulsion force against the charged tip of the pipe and charge recombination against the pipe wall. The suction pipe had almost no effect on the measured value for powder charge.


A modular knowledge representation framework for conversational agents is presented. The approach has been realized to suit the situation awareness paradigm. The modularity of the framework makes possible the composition of specific modules that deal with particular features, simplifying both the chatbot design process and its smartness. As a proof of concepts we have developed a modular, situation awareness oriented, KB for a conversational agent, which plays the role of an advisor aimed at helping a user to be in charge of a virtual town, inspired to the SimCity series game. The agent makes an extensive use of semantic computing techniques and is able to perceive, comprehend and project consequences of actions in order to handle strategic decision under uncertainty conditions.


There is a very enlightening lesson we have received from Drama, in particular from a therapeutic point of view: feelings are a lively expression of the action and they are conveyed through the body. No abstractions, no dualism between flesh and spirit is possible in the theatrical experience: feeling exists and lives only thanks to the body and it reveals itself in the action. In this process of embodiment, the theatrical language gives us another lesson, tightly connected with the former: being 'made flesh', feeling is not only action but also is relationship and communication. This is a dialogic supremacy that Drama (from the Greek dran = action) has always claimed in its various expressions (Tragedy, Comedy, Bourgeois Tragedy), enhancing the interpersonal nature of feelings, instead of their introspective nature. In fact on the stage feelings do not have an inward life, they are shared with the audience even when they express the intimacy of an interior monologue. To use a simpler and more specific word, on the stage feelings are represented: the Latin etymology of this word (re-ad-praesentare) communicates the intention of conceiving the content of the dramatic action as a gift, an offer (giving something to somebody). Thanks to the dramatic action, it is possible to highlight the quality and communicative power of feelings, a power bearer of values which go beyond the intersubjective dimension (I-you) in the performance. In this way the entire community is involved and the feeling changes from private experience into social experience; this aspect is well demonstrated by the evolution of the chorus over the centuries, considered as the core of dramaturgical praxis. In the process of condivision and gift, in the reciprocal exchange between I, you and we, the feeling, embodied in the theatrical action, in what Husserl calls Leib (the living body of experience) – loses its autoreferential value in order to become a mean of relationship. In fact the intentional spur of feeling gives you the chance to recognise yourself in the other person (in terms of identity, limit and difference) and in the same


Part I. Composition, source areas and transport pathways Part II. Local, regional, global, ecological and climatic implications Part III. Health and ecological issues Part IV. International co-operation and state responsibility Part V. Conclusions Index.


Passing the derived type compound data is thoroughly discussed from the two aspects: built-in functionality in Fortran 90 and OLE automation extension provided by the CVF IDE;and the typical examples are presented.The method recommended applies to both Win32 DLL and COM components,giving a complete solution for passing the derived type compound data in mixed-language computation engineering.


Background: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) represents up to 15% of all breast carcinomas. The majority of ILC express the estrogen receptor (ER) and have no amplification/overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). A high body mass index (BMI) has been associated with an increased risk of developing ILC in postmenopausal women, similar to what is seen for breast cancer of no special type (NST). It is however unknown if BMI impacts the clinicopathological features and the prognosis of ILC.
 Methods: We performed a multicentric retrospective study in 5 European centers of patients diagnosed between January 2000 and December 2020 with ER+/HER2- non-metastatic pure (i.e., not mixed) ILC. Patient and tumor characteristics and event-related data were collected. BMI was categorized into underweight (≤18.5kg/m2), lean (>18.5kg/m2 and < 25kg/m2), overweight (≥25kg/m2 and < 30kg/m2) and obese (≥30kg/m2). The association of BMI as either a continuous or a categorical variable with clinicopathological variables was assessed using linear regression or ordinal logistic regression, respectively. Median follow-up was calculated using the reverse Kaplan-Meier estimator. Survival analyses using univariable (stratified by center) and multivariable (adjusted for all included variables and stratified by center) Cox regression were performed to evaluate the association of BMI with disease free survival (DFS), distant recurrence free survival (DRFS) and overall survival (OS). DFS and DRFS were analyzed in the presence of death without event as the competing risk.
 Results: The data of 2476 patients were collected and BMI was available for 2346 patients. In total, 1299 (55%) patients were lean, 638 (27%) overweight and 339 (14%) obese. Underweight patients only represented 3% of all patients and were thus excluded from further analyses. A higher age at diagnosis, higher grade, larger tumor size, nodal involvement and multifocality were significantly associated with higher BMI (Table 1). The median follow-up was 8,5 years (interquartile range 59.24 – 142.13 months). In univariable analysis, higher BMI was associated with worse survival outcomes (Table 2). However, this association was not seen in multivariable analysis while grade, tumor size and nodal involvement were still prognostic for all endpoints. Similar results were seen with BMI as a continuous variable.
 Conclusion: Larger tumors and nodal involvement were more likely to be found in patients with ER+/HER2- ILC with higher BMI which might be explained by a delayed diagnosis in these patients. Higher grade also seemed to be associated with higher BMI. In multivariable analyses, BMI was not found to be an independent prognostic factor. Tumor grade, tumor size, and nodal status remained strongly prognostic for survival outcomes in multivariable survival analyses which is consistent with their known prognostic importance in luminal tumors. We hypothesize that the prognostic effect of BMI is mediated through these variables for patients with ER+/HER2- ILC.
 Table 1. Association of clinicopathological features of ER+/HER2- ILC with categorical BMI.
 Table 2. Association of categorical BMI and other clinicopathological features of ER+/HER2- ILC with survival.
 Citation Format: Karen Van Baelen, Ha-Linh Nguyen, François Richard, Anne-Sophie Hamy, Aullène Toussaint, Fabien Reyal, Anne Salomon, Luc Dirix, Peter Vermeulen, Hilde Wuyts, Maria Karsten, Adam D. Dordevic, Guilherme Nader Marta, Evandro de Azambuja, Christos Sotiriou, Denis Larsimont, Ottavia Amato, Marion Maetens, Maxim De Schepper, Tatjana Geukens, Sileny Han, Thaïs Baert, Kevin Punie, Hans Wildiers, Chantal Remmerie, Ann Smeets, Ines Nevelsteen, Giuseppe Floris, Elia Biganzoli, Patrick Neven, Christine Desmedt. Association of body mass index with clinicopathological features and survival in patients with primary ER+/HER2- invasive lobular breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-05-40.


We can see many times the galleries buried with the debris to almost all section. in a considerable length after the occurence of outbursts of gas and coal.These practical situations appear very important , to us in order to throw light on the mechanism of outbursts which was almostly unknown up to date. In this report,that is to say,in 1st report of.this subject the authors looked over many memoirs concerning the outbursts of the past to generalize them typically into four groups. As a result of this consideration,it was recognized that almost all of outbursts on a large scale had brought a buried situation of gallery. On the other hand,the authors investigated a buried situation of outbursts occured recently in the "A" Coal -Mine in Hokkaido District(an outburst size-about 800 tons broken) ,and there sampled the debris in some points.After several calibrations and experimental data of the samples of debris,the authors could comprehend somethings as follow: (1)The outbursts of"A"Coal-Mine was a typical case in relation to the buried situation of gallery too. (2)The internal gas pressure near the outlet of gas and coal was comparatively low and changeable at that in duration of projection. (3)The debris projected was almost broken through attrition.(continued)


Purpose
A number of hospitality businesses are understaffed and are experiencing severe labor shortages, in various contexts. In many cases, hotels and restaurants are finding it difficult to retain and recruit motivated employees. In this light, this research uses key constructs related to the self-determination theory and integrates them with a responsible human resources management (HRM) measure, to investigate the antecedents of organizational commitment. The underlying objective of this study is to shed light on employee psychology and on responsible organizational behaviors in the hospitality industry.

Design/methodology/approach
Primary data were captured through an online questionnaire distributed via popular LinkedIn groups that represent hospitality employees. A composite-based structural equations modeling approach was used to confirm the reliability and validity of the chosen factors and to shed light on the causal paths of this contribution's proposed model.

Findings
The results indicate that there are highly significant direct and indirect effects in this study, particularly between extrinsic motivations – organizational commitment and between responsible HRM – organizational commitment. These relationships are mediated by intrinsic motivations.

Research limitations/implications
This contribution advances a robust responsible organizational behavior model comprising responsible HRM, extrinsic rewards, intrinsic motivation and organizational commitment.

Practical implications
This research implies that practitioners ought to incentivize and reward hardworking employees, in a commensurate manner, to offer them great working environments as well as appropriate conditions of employment, to enhance their loyalty, minimize turnover rates and to attract promising talent.

Originality/value
This empirical study incorporates a responsible HRM construct with extrinsic and intrinsic motivations. It confirms that they are significant antecedents of organizational commitment. Unlike previous research, this contribution focuses on employee psychology as well as on strategic organizational behaviors during a time when tourism businesses are experiencing an increase in demand for their services, in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. It raises awareness on the industry's perennial challenges in attracting and retaining employees.


Objective To analyze the cerebral angiographic features of anterior communicating artery aneurysm(ACoAA)to improve its surgical effectiveness.Methods Cerebral angiography data of 40 cases of ACoAA proved by surgery were reviewed and compared with those of 76 cases of non-ACoAA to explore the relationship between the dominant blood flow(DBF)of A1 and ACoAA.ACoAA was classified according to the lateral image of cerebral angiography.Results Of the 40 cases who had ACoAA,33 cases presented the DBF of A1,while 24 cases presented the DBF of A1 in the control group.The results of the cerebral angiography of ACoAA demonstrated 17 cases of anterior-superior type,11 cases of anterior-inferior type,5 cases of posterior-superior type,4 cases of posterior-inferior type,and 3 cases of complicated type.Conclusion The ACoAA is related directly with the DBF of A1.The classification of ACoAA in angiography is significantly important.


Inverting the classroom is a method to let students study the science of engineering materials on their own and then take time to discuss their questions and do extended hands-on lectures or exercises in class - or in the case of the covid-19 pandemic during plenary online sessions. First year mechanical engineering students use different materials to study and comprehend the principle underlying science in theory and then the plenary lectures offer the opportunity to apply their knowledge and transfer different aspects of material science to get the bigger picture. To meet the course learning outcome and overcome the diversity of a first year class many practical leads have to be fulfilled. Also, a sufficient number and variety of teaching materials, lecture videos, lightboard videos and micro-module lectures are provided aiming at different learning skills of the students. Students may individually choose, combine and study from alone or in study groups from a distance. Exercises, worked solutions, self-assessed tests and peer-instruction during present time help students to check on their learning progress. However, the self-study periods and (online) plenary sessions need to be guided carefully. If the inverted classroom teaching method follows a holistic approach it has been proven to be successful and increase the fun of learning (online) throughout the first year. © 2022 Association for Computing Machinery. All rights reserved.


Dear Sir: —I am desirous of obtaining facts regarding the relation of opium inebriety in mothers to infantile mortality. Dr. Frank B. Earle, of Chicago, informed me that he "recently attended a woman taking about twelve grains of morphia daily, who has lost four successive babies between the second and fourth day, all having died in collapse." If any reader of your journal will furnish me details of a similar case, I will much appreciate his courtesy and give him full credit.


In order to enhance QoS support in MANET, a QoS scheme based on cross-layer design is proposed. QAwAODV (QoS-Aware AODV) proposed in this paper improves the performance of AODV in flow restoration by backing up an alternative route. And the function of INSIGNIA signaling system is explained by using 802.11e EDCF(enhanced distributed coordination function), thus DiffServ is available for different services. The feasibility of this scheme is estimated by simulation.


Poliomyelitis is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus and largely affects children under the age of 05. Our descriptive study concerned the analysis of suspected cases of poliomyelitis notified from week 01 to 17 in the health district of Kolondièba in 2023. During this period six (06) cases of AFP were notified by Community Health Centers (CHC) from Diaka (02 cases), Kolosso (01 case), Central (02 cases) and Fakola (01 case) case imported from the Ivory Coast in search of care. Their age range was 0-4 years and presented paralysis of the lower limbs for some and upper for others. Vaccination coverage with oral polio vaccine in the first quarter in Diaka and Kolosso was 95%, on the other hand, Central and Kolosso had a rate <95%. The female gender accounted for 66.67% of cases with a sex ratio of 0.6. The attack rate was 8.91 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Only three of the six (06) cases received at least three doses of vaccine. The risk factors were the uncontrolled migratory flow and the inaccessibility of health centers. The assessment of the living environment did not show any environmental risk factors. The survey made it possible to build the capacity of service providers on the surveillance of notifiable diseases, raise public awareness of risk factors, the declaration of children under 15 with paralysis regardless of the cause at the health center. and compliance with the vaccination schedule. Keywords : AFP, Mali, Poliomyelitis, investigation, vaccination.


The launch, and publication of the first issue, of Psychology Learning and Teaching was something of an act of faith: an assertion of sufficient support to sustain a scholarly journal exploring theory, method and evidence in relation to the practice of teaching, learning and assessment in Psychology. The fact that we have now published a second issue at least confirms that sustainability is a possibility – and a third issue is assured and indeed well under way, based on papers from the PLAT2002 conference held at the University of York in March 2002.


AHA is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration; peak blood levels occur from 0.25 to 1 hour after dosing. The compound is distributed throughout body water, and there is no known binding to any tissue. AHA chelates with dietary iron within the gut. This reaction may interfere with absorption of AHA and with iron. Concomitant hypochromic anemia should be treated with intramuscular iron.


Relativistic density-dependent effective interactions for nucleon-nucleus scattering based upon a complete set of Lorentz-invariant NN amplitudes are used in calculations of elastic and inelastic scattering to normal-parity states of self-conjugate targets. Owing to distortion of Dirac spinors by the relativistic mean fields, the effective interaction appropriate for use in a Schr\"odinger formalism incorporates relativistic density dependence, which is stronger for inelastic than elastic scattering. The dominant effect for normal-parity transitions is equivalent to a short-ranged repulsive contribution to the real central interaction that is proportional to density and nearly independent of energy. Pauli blocking of occupied intermediate states is included and gives results similar to the familiar Clementel-Villi damping of the absorptive potential. The relativistic effective interaction is compared with nonrelativistic G-matrix calculations and with empirical effective interactions fitted to data for proton elastic and inelastic scattering. Calculations for elastic and inelastic scattering are compared with data for 200, 318, and 500 MeV and we find that the agreement with data improves as the energy increases. The density dependence of the relativistic model is much stronger at low energies than either the G matrix or the empirical interaction; its repulsive contribution to the central interaction is too strong to give a good description of the data for 200 MeV. Near 500 MeV the relativistic interaction is closer to the empirical interaction and better agreement with the data is obtained, whereas the density dependence of nonrelativistic effective interactions is too small.


The structure of electric energy generation is rapidly changing, from controllable and equally distributed power generation using few high power plants to a decentralized and volatile power generation with many, widely distributed, small and medium power plants. Especially the volatile nature of regenerative energy sources demands a strong power grid, capable of flexible, long distance power transportation. The key technology for the future of the power grid is high voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission, which in the next years will move from the periphery of the AC grid to its center. One of the key components of a future HVDC grid are efficient HVDC-DC power converters allowing the use of distinct voltage levels for the collection, long distance transmission and distribution of electric energy. In this paper two promising HVDC-DC converter topologies will be compared in terms of efficiency and investment costs.


An Evaluation of Seagrass Community Structure and its Role in Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Foraging Dynamics in the Lower Laguna Madre. (April 2010) Tracy Fisher Weatherall Department of Marine Biology Texas A&M University at Galveston Research Advisors: Drs. Anna R. Armitage and André M. Landry, Jr. Department of Marine Biology Satellite tracking data of juvenile and subadult green turtles captured and released by Texas A&M University at Galveston's Sea Turtle and Fisheries Ecology Research Lab (STFERL) from the lower Laguna Madre indicate green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) exhibit high fidelity to seagrass communities where they can be found year-round. Population growth is prerequisite to eventual down listing of this endangered species to a threatened status and its subsequent recovery. The role Texas' green turtle population will play in this recovery will depend, in part, on the ability of seagrass communities in the lower Laguna Madre to sustain continued growth of this population. Seagrass community structure was characterized during 7-8 March 2009 to determine if foraging grounds in the lower Laguna Madre can sustain green turtle population growth. Differences in seagrass community structure influencing foraging potential between high fidelity sites (Region 1) were compared to adjacent areas in which green turtles have not been captured and tracked by the STFERL (Region 2). Seagrass samples were taken from six seagrass communities to characterize seagrass and invertebrate


Junctions between polypyrrole, a conducting polymer formed by electrooxidation, and n‐type semiconductors have been studied. Cadmium sulphide and titanium dioxide were chosen as substrates as a complement to earlier studies on silicon. The junctions behave as Schottky barriers on these semiconductors. The series resistance of the polypyrrole film is large and was taken into account in the evaluation of the data. The barrier heights of the junctions are compared with those found with ordinary metals. It is deduced that the work function of polypyrrole must be close to 5 eV.


Under notnaal circumstances, I would have allowed Geare (1991) to indulge himself in the erroneous view that the interpretation of the tetna "worker" in the Labour Relations Act 1987 is confined to the common law "employee". lt is necessary however, to come out to defend my original thesis (Adzoxomu, 1990) that the tetna need not be so narrowly construed. Geare seeks to demonstrate, without the relevant historical or policy considerations, and more importantly, without the relevant canons of statutory construction, that his counter thesis is "in fact clearly superior" to mine (p.193). It is clear from the Geare's comment that he considers modern New Zealand industrial legislation to have preserved the master and servant relationship. The purpose of this reply is to reassert my original thesis that the definition of "worker" in the Labour Relations Act is liberal enough to cover an independent contractor and to demonstrate that the counter thesis of Geare is too conservative to meet the requirements of modern industrial relations. I shall achieve this purpose by addressing Geare's counter thesis under his own subheadings.


Vocalization is a signature behaviour of courtship in frogs. With high sexual dimorphism, males primarily produce advertisement calls to attract females. Sexual behaviour and spawning in


IS10 transposase mediates end pairing, donor cleavage (or excision) and strand transfer reactions in IS10/Tn10 transposition. Details of how this multi-functional protein mediates these various steps have not been determined. We have used a genetic approach to help define structure-function relationships for IS10 transposase. IS10 transposase mutants that failed to form an excised transposon fragment in vivo and conferred a dominant-negative phenotype were isolated. Mutants with these properties were expected to be defective in catalysis and/or steps preceding donor cleavage. A total of seven mutants were identified, the corresponding proteins were purified and their activities assessed in vitro. Mutant EK292 was found to form wild-type levels of paired end complex, an early intermediate in the reaction, but to be defective in both donor cleavage and strand transfer. This phenotype suggests that E292 comprises part of a catalytic region. Mutants RH119, SF120 and RQ296 formed aberrant paired end complexes, indicating a defect in a step(s) preceding donor cleavage. Mutants WR98, IS101, and AV162 were found to promote donor cleavage in vitro but not strand transfer. For IS101 and AV162 the defect in strand transfer may be related to instability of excision complexes. Finally, the observation that IS101, RH119 and AV162 were greatly suppressed by Mn2+ suggests that these mutations have an effect on Mg2+ interactions with transposase.


The increased development of green buildings in Malaysia has necessitated the need for facility management businesses to upgrade their competencies. However, as evidenced by past studies, a shortage of competences among practitioners has emerged as an uncertainty about firms' capacity for managing green buildings. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to acquire insight into the competency features of FM service providers in Malaysia for managing green buildings and to make recommendations for competency improvement. The qualitative approach was adopted, and interview was used to achieve the goals, the data was examined using content analysis. Based on the experiences of seven (7) managers who have managed green buildings, the five (5) core strengths of facilities management service providers in managing green buildings are sustainable procurement, operations, resource management, repair and maintenance, and environmental health. This study demonstrated common themes between facilities management and green building management competencies.


Using published matrix population models for 21 invasive plant species with different life histories, we examined responsiveness to survival, growth and fecundity perturbations, and determined which life stages and demographic processes to target for the greatest reductions in population growth rates. To find the best potential targets, we used both an elasticity analysis and a simulation approach. Although short-lived and long-lived invasive plants had similar population growth rates, elasticities of their growth rates to perturbations in the four life stages (seeds in the seed bank, seedlings, vegetative stages, reproductive stages) differed. Assuming that population dynamics were density independent, elasticities of population growth rates for vegetative stages were greatest for short-lived invaders, and elasticities of population growth rates for reproductive stages were greatest for long-lived invaders. High elasticity values of vegetative and reproductive stages, together with high stage survival, make these life stages better potential control targets than seeds in the seed bank and seedlings. As the population growth rates of individual species increased, the elasticities for growth and fecundity transitions increased, and the elasticities for survival transitions decreased. According to elasticity analysis, control of growth and fecundity transitions would be the most efficient ways to reduce plant invasion in rapidly growing populations.


This paper presents the results of audits performed in 60 companies of the food processing industry, specifically of meat, dairy, horticultural and bread products. The refrigeration volume, type of refrigeration system, refrigerant, building and insulation materials of infrastructure and refrigeration chambers, average air temperature and humidity, and the energy consumption are presented, compared and discussed per sector. The analysis allows to provide several measures and best practices aimed for the improvement of the thermal performance and energy efficiency of the food processing industry. The implementation of simple and very cost-effective transversal electricity savings measures such as awareness and/or training of operators, proper maintenance and monitoring tasks can benefit the sector. Tailored energy efficiency measures by sector, which may offer savings on several levels, are discussed. These best practices may increase productivity and competitiveness and reduce the environmental impact, and thus improve the global sustainability of the Portuguese food sector.


The invention discloses an emulsified steel plate cold-rolling lubrication oil, which contains animal and vegetable oils, synthesis ester, mineral oil, non-ionic complex emulsifier, lubrication additive and antioxidizer. The invention has excellent lubricity and stable emulsibility, and has better tramp oil resistant performance for tramp oils of hydraulic oil, and the like.


This study investigated the EFL students' strategies in answering the Listening section of the Paper-based TOEFL test. The samples of this research were purposively selected consisting of 30 English major students at Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The samples were selected based on their recent TOEFL scores. All the selected samples achieved low TOEFL scores, especially for the Listening section. The data were gained by means of closed questionnaire and interviews. The interviews were conducted with three students of the 30 students and they were selected randomly. The results of the questionnaire revealed that the top three strategies the students used when answering the TOEFL questions ranged from the strategies of (1) 'before listening, I tried to anticipate the topic by looking at the answer in the test book', (2) 'while listening, I tried to determine the topic or main idea for each conversation, and (3) 'before listening, I tried to anticipate what the questions would be and I listened specifically for the answer'. This imply that a majority of students used strategies only to answer part B (dialogues) and part C (monologues) of the TOEFL Listening section. These parts were considered more difficult since many students were not familiar with the topics. Meanwhile, strategies for part A were neglected. These students often forgot to choose answers in this section. Unfortunately, strategies for part A are also important because they can achieve higher scores if the 30 questions in this part are answered correctly.


scattering (PLS) was used to obtain images of the interactions. An emphasis was placed on how the interactions varied with respect to where the interaction occurred within the streamwise length of the transition process. These variations were looked at in terms of overall shape, unsteadiness, and frequency and range of motion. When the interactions occurred towards the laminar side of transition they were found to be more unsteady and to have a broader range of motion in the streamwise direction than the interactions occurring at the aft end of transition. These difierences are explained in terms of the evolution of ∞ow structures through the transition process, in particular, the flnger-like structures that protrude through the upstream edge of the interaction and turbulent spots.


The experiment studied the surface hardening effect of AgCu sheet through impact loading of explosion.The relation curve of the explosive impact load on different unit area AgCu sheet and surface hardening degree was established by the gradient arranging explosive test method.The main indexes of surface hardness,wear resistance,etc,for hardened AgCu sheet shows prominent sclerosis effect and wear-resisting effects.The surface microstructural analysis shows that hardening is produced by multiple factors,such as grain refinement,great amount deformation twins,tangled dislocation,precipitated phase blocking the motion of the dislocations.This research result has laid a good scientific research foundation for industrial application.


The article highlights the key points of Margaret Thatcher's activities in the context of relations with the European Community (later the European Union) as Prime Minister of Great Britain. The authors describe the stages of Thatcher's formation as a politician, the circumstances that shaped her relations with the leaders of France and Germany, and the prerequisites for reaching compromises in the economic and political spheres. The article analyzes Thatcher's position on the Single European act, as well as the reasons for the geopolitical miscalculation regarding the document's further role in European integration. The Prime Minister's opinion on the potential of forming European defense within the framework of the concept of intergovernmentalism and its place in the system of relations between the EU and the United States is studied.


The Isparta Çay unit was defined in the valley of the Isparta Çay (river) as one of the units that constitutes the Antalya Nappes. Situated structurally between the Bey Dağları autochthon and the Miocene neo‐autochthon, the Isparta Çay unit provides decisive arguments with respect to the timing of emplacement of deep basinal units, cropping out in the central part of the Isparta Angle, as well as for a model of reconstruction of the Pamphylian Basin, located to the south of the Taurus belt. The Isparta Çay unit (previously named 'Isparta Çay formation') consists of a pile of thrust sheets all of which display the following basic sedimentary sequence: Triassic marls and sandstones containing plant remains and limestones with Halobia, overlying Jurassic to Cretaceous deep‐sea sedimentary rocks (radiolarites). Detailed mapping, combined with new and revised stratigraphic data, confirms the existence of a very complex pile of tectonic, rather thin sheets. The basic sequence is composed, from bottom to top, of the following sedimentary units: (1) marls and turbiditic sandstones rich in plant debris; (2) limestones interbedded with marls and; (3) regularly‐bedded cherty limestones. These three lower units contain rather abundant fossils (i.e. Halobia and ammonites) and are Triassic in age: (4) lenticular calcareous breccia in which Middle Jurassic foraminifera are found; (5) radiolarites, green and then red, including lenticular beds of reworked calcareous sands (now dolomitized and/or silicified). The radiolarians from the red radiolarites establish a Jurassic to Early Cretaceous age and; (6) red silts and clays with interbedded calcareous breccia, which are probably Cretaceous in age. The total thickness of the basic sequence as described above varies between 100 and 150 m, depending on the thickness of the lenticular breccia intercalations.


Fishing vessel craftsmen in the East Kalimantan area have made several changes to the design of fishing vessels to get more catch. Changes were made to the main dimension which resulted in changes in ship characteristics such as speed and stability of the ship. This purpose of research to determine the main dimensions and stability analysis of catamaran hull fishing vessels. The method used is the parent ship method and optimization using maxsurf software. The results obtained were as follows: LOA = 16.2 [m], B = 6 [m], B1 = 1 [m], T = 1 [m], H = 2 [m], Cb = 0.192, Vs = 6.5 [knots], and number of crew = 5 person. The required of Catamaran is a power of 134,498 [HP] consist of two engine 70 [HP]. Based on the results of critical analysis stability on catamarans, the maximum GZ value occurs at a heeling of 20ᴼ. The maximum GZ value in loadcase 1 is 2.326 [m], loadcase 2 is 2.15 [m], and loadcase 3 is 2.18 [m]. The GM values for all loadcase scenarios are not less than 0.15 [meters]. All of them accepted the IMO and HSC 2000 Annex 7 Multihull criteria.


The deviations from accrual basis,principle of clarity and principle of relativity of accounting treatment on value added tax are analysed in this article,which based on accounting theory and tax law.Moreover the concrete accounting treatments of regulating the value added tax are provided from the aspects of input tax,output tax,assessed tax and so on,in order to abide by the accrual basis better and further improve the relativity of accounting treatment of value added tax.


In recent fire protection system, the pipings should be light weighted, seismic proof and wrought with non-welding method. The light weighted stainless steel pipes and fittings, satisfying these requirements, are already used as a fire protection system in Germany, Netherland, Taiwan, Australia, United States and Japan. Accordingly, performance evaluation tests were carried out to determine whether or not the fittings can be used in the pipings. As the performance evaluation tests, we conducted vibration test, water hammering test, bending test and fire test. With the results of the tests, we concluded that the fittings can be used in the fire protection system, and that the life expectancy of the fittings exceeds that of buildings.


Television today the television scene how television works what your camera can do handling your camera the persuasive camera effective picture making editing lighting scenery make-up audio file videotape titling and graphics the background of production production practices production organization in production imaginative production visual effects on location video engineering


It is believed that in the past 100 years, new technology created by mankind not only provides unprecedented power of economic development, but also provides mankind with a great ability to be harmony with the environment. Modern society should be conservationminded society, and social life should also be energy-saving. As an inexhaustible source of new environment-friendly energy source, solar energy has become an important issue of energy research in this world.


To improve the teaching quality and the quality of talents training is the basic goal of the reform of higher education and teaching.Scientific evaluation and monitoring is an important means to achieve this goal.The application of data mining technology in the teaching quality evaluation system has become the focus of the research on teaching quality evaluation in Colleges.Firstly, this paper analyzes the advantages of data mining technology in teaching quality evaluation. The concept and concrete steps of data mining are studied. Finally, the data extraction process and the composition of the data mining module in the teaching quality evaluation data mining are analyzed.


Cappadocia region of Anatolia hosts the third largest wild apricot population in Turkey. The objective of the study was  to characterize 44 wild apricot genotypes selected from Cappadocia Region (Nevsehir-Turkey) as prominent with their  late flowering, resistance to spring late frosts, large fruit sizes and/or late fruit ripening characteristics and 5 reference  apricot cultivars ('Hacihaliloglu', 'Kabaasi', 'Hasanbey', 'Aprikoz' and 'Levent') with SSR (simple sequence repeats)  markers. A total of 16 SSR primers were used and 13 of them were successfully amplified. Total number of alleles was 107, average number of alleles was 8.23; average He and Ho values were 0.722 and 0.669, respectively. Polymorphism  information content (PIC) values varied between 0.471 and 0.845. There was a quite high genetic diversity among wild  apricot genotypes that genetic similarity values varied between 12 and 96%. Homonymous and synonymous genotypes  were not encountered.


Aim: To evaluate the role of obesity and its metabolic consequences in the formation of the left ventricular (LF) geometry. Methods: Study included 89 with hypertension 1 or 2 degree aged 25–60. Patients were divided in two groups: 1 group – patients with HP and obesity (n = 46) and 2 group – patients with HP without obesity (n = 43). The investigation of patients included anthropometry (waist circumference) and biochemistry (glucose and insulin blood concentration: fasting and glucose tolerance test). Echocardiography included the evaluation of LF posterior wall, LF interventricular wall, thickness ratio and LF mass index (LFMI). Results: First group included 17,4% of patients with 1 degree obesity, 71,74% patients with 2 degree obesity, and 10,8% patients with 3 degree obesity. In the first group fasting insulin levels and levels after glucose tolerance test were significantly higher compared with the 2 group. Glucose levels in two groups were similar. Patients with HP and obesity also have significantly higher thickness of LF posterior wall (1,02 ± 0,01 sm versus 0,96 ± 0,02 sm, p < 0,002), LF interventricular wall (1,03 ± 0,02 sm versus 0,98 ± 0,02 sm, p < 0,005), LFMI (207,6 ± 7,60 versus 171,1 ± 5,51, p < 0,001). Increasing of end diastolic volume of patients with obesity depended on the fasting insulin level and level after glucose tolerance test. In the first group most of the patients had left ventricular hypertrophy (LVG) (70,6%), remodelling was found in 29,4%. In the second group LVG was revealed in 10% of patients and 90% had remodelling. In the first group most of the patients had eccentric LVG (66,7%), 25% had concentric LVG and only 8,3% had asymmetric LVG. Conclusion: In most HP patients obesity is associated with hyperinsulinemia and LVG. When choosing antihypertensive drugs, it is necessary to evaluate metabolic disturbances and LF geometry changes.


The Pro Bono Committee of the Law Society of South Africa (LSSA) has agreed that in certain circumstances mentorship will count as pro bono services.


Taiwan has since the 1980s gone through a dramatic dual transformation, i.e., political democratization and economic liberalization. However, while the economic liberalization, such as market opening and privatization, has transformed Taiwan's political economy in the 1990s, the political implications have seldom been noticed. I argue that the political logic of Taiwan's economic liberalization in the 1990s is that, as in some other countries, many new opportunities and profits were distributed to politically powerful allies, thus helping the ruling party rebuild its coalition with capitalists. However, what made Taiwan's case different from those of other countries is that the ruling party was the biggest winner as a result of the economic liberalization. It not only expanded its enormous party business by taking over the newly-liberalized resources, but was also able to further co-opt and patronize key business groups by using its unique political and market power.


In this paper, we consider a general concept of exponential dichotomy for abstract evolution equations, which contains, as a particular case, the classical concept of uniform exponential dichotomy. Some well-known results are extended in this case.


Developing class teaching is a kind of teaching thought and form under the guide of the modern teaching conception which takes the students as the main body of teaching through the active learning of the students to promote their full development.This thesis interpreted the strategy of the developing class teaching of mathematics in colleges in five aspects and outlined the system of this policy with one goal,two main lines,three forms,four principles and five standards of evaluation.


Photon-stimulated desorption of F/sup +/ from Si(111) was studied with use of photon energies in the region of the Si 2p core level. Fluorinated surfaces with variable amounts of SiF/sub x/ groups were prepared, and distinct photon-stimulated--desorption thresholds in the Si 2p region were observed for F/sup +/ desorption from SiF vs SiF/sub 3/ surface groups. In addition, the angular distributions of the ejected F/sup +/ showed variations with respect to the Si(111) surface normal dependent on the bonding configuration, which were used to obtain local 2p absorption spectra for the individual SiF/sub x/ groups.


Treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism with vitamin D and calcium in patients receiving dialysis is often complicated by hypercalcaemia and hyperphosphatemia, which may contribute to cardiovascular disease and adverse clinical outcomes. Calcimimetics target the calcium-sensing receptor and lower parathyroid hormone levels without increasing calcium and phosphorus levels. We report the results of randomized trial of calcimimetic agent cinacalcet hydrochloride plus calcitriol among patients receiving haemodialysis. Patients who were receiving haemodialysis and who had inadequately controlled secondary hyperparathyroidism despite standard treatment were randomly assigned to receive cinacalcet plus calcitriol (25 patients) or calcitriol alone (25 patients) for 6 months. Once-daily dose of cinacalcet was given i.e. 30 mg to achieve intact parathyroid hormone levels of 150-300 pg per milliliter. The primary end point was the percentage of patients with values in this range during a 26-week efficacyassessment phase. Only one out of 25 (4%) in control group patients achieved >50% reduction in serum iPTH level at the end of study whereas 14 out of 25 (56%) in study group patients achieved >50% reduction in serum iPTH levels at the end of study. 11 (74%) out of 15 patients in study group achieved target goal of iPTH (150-300 pg/ml) whereas only 3(18%) out of 17 subjects achieved the target value in control group receiving calcitriol alone. Our study concludes that cinacalcet plus calcitriol lowers parathyroid hormone levels and improves calcium–phosphorus homeostasis in patients receiving hemodialysis who have uncontrolled secondary hyperparathyroidism.


Abstract The morphology of the eggs and first instar larvae of Lertha extensa (Oliver, 1811) and Lertha sheppardi (Kirby, 1904) are described and illustrated with drawings and photographs. Both species can be identified based on first instar larvae. The distribution of both species in south-eastern Turkey is given.


this paragraph, the Manager's approval letter must specifically refer to this AD. Replacement of MLG Shock Strut Piston Assemblies (h) Replace the MLG shock strut piston assemblies, left-and right-hand sides, with new or serviceable improved assemblies, in accordance with the Accomplishment Instructions of Boeing Service Bulletin MD80–32–309, Revision 01, dated April 25, 2001. Do this replacement at the applicable compliance time specified in paragraph (h)(1) or (h)(2) of this AD. Such replacement terminates the repetitive inspections required by this AD. If the MLG shock strut piston is not serialized, or the number of landings on the piston cannot be conclusively determined, consider the total number of landings on the piston assembly to be equal to the total number of landings accumulated by the airplane with the highest total number of landings in the operator's fleet. (2) For airplanes other than those identified in paragraph (h)(1) of this AD: Do the replacement before the accumulation of 30,000 total landings on the MLG shock strut piston assemblies, or within 5,000 landings after the effective date of this AD, whichever occurs later. is considered acceptable for compliance with the requirement of paragraph (h) of this AD. Parts Installation (j) As of the effective date of this AD, no person may install an MLG shock strut piston having P/N 5935347–1 through –509 inclusive, 5935347–511, 5935347–513, or SR09320081–3 through –13 inclusive, on any airplane. specifies to submit certain inspection results to the manufacturer, this AD does not include such a requirement. alternative methods of compliance for the corresponding requirements of this AD. Incorporation by Reference (m) Unless otherwise specified in this AD, the actions shall be done in accordance with the service bulletins listed in Table 1 of this AD. SUMMARY: NMFS is implementing approved measures contained in Amendment 2 to the Monkfish Fishery Management Plan (FMP). Amendment 2 was developed to address essential fish habitat (EFH) and bycatch issues, and to revise the FMP to address several issues raised during the public scoping process. This rule implements the following measures: a new limited access permit for qualified vessels fishing south of 38°20′ N. lat.; an offshore monkfish fishery in the Southern Fishery Management Area (SFMA); a maximum roller-gear disc diameter of 6 inches (15.2 cm) for trawl gear vessels fishing in the SFMA; closure of two deep-sea canyon areas to all gears when fishing under the monkfish days-at-sea (DAS) program; establishment of a research …


The basic directions of using of the highly effective muds which have unique properties, allows to solve the various problems of well construction are shown.


A general consensus within published research subsist about chartered sports physiotherapists desiring further training in the psychological aspects of their work. More or less all published studies (e.g., Francis, Andersen, & Maley, 2000; Heaney, 2006; Hemmings & Povey, 2002; Larson, Starkey, & Zaichkowsky, 1996) have advocated further training in the field, but so far the literature is yet to present detailed information on when, where, how, and by whom the further psychological skills training for physiotherapists' should be put into practice. By surveying chartered physiotherapists working in sports medicine, this study aimed to offer conclusions to the existing suggestions and recommendations on their preferred methods delivery for sport psychology training.
Twenty-two (14 female, 8 male) chartered physiotherapists working in sports medicine from Australia, Ireland, and United Kingdom participated in the study. A questionnaire survey for Best Method of Sport Psychology Delivery (BMOSPD) was developed by the authors. The survey was then distributed to the participants at the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine (ACPSM)/International Federation of Sports Physiotherapy (IFSP) annual conference (July 7-8, 2006).
Physiotherapists desired further training in a range of psychological skills/techniques. The most suitable methods for the delivery were considered to be workshops, seminars, monitoring, and coaching. Intense training days/weekends were considered to be most fitting for the purpose. The vast majority were willing to travel over 50 miles to receive such training, and the physiotherapists felt that the most suitable faction to arrange such training would be professional bodies and associations.
The findings provide clear suggestions on which planning further training for chartered physiotherapists on psychological skills/techniques could be based on. By making appropriate training available for chartered physiotherapists working in sports medicine, professional bodies and organisations can assist the IFSP in their mission to pursue specialist recognition for sport physiotherapists worldwide.


The rapid increase in the number of novice drivers has created serious traffic safety problems. Compared to experienced drivers, novice drivers are more likely to be involved in accidents. The study of the accident characteristics of novice drivers is of great importance for novice driver safety training and accident prevention. This paper analyses the traffic accident characteristics of novice drivers by mining traffic accident data, explores the accident scenarios in which novice drivers are involved in traffic accidents, and filters out the scenarios that are most likely to lead to accidents involving novice drivers according to the random forest algorithm. The study provides theoretical support for the selection of intervention scenarios in further novice driver risk perception intervention studies and has important implications for novice driver crash prevention.


The author discusses the relative importance of the factors influencing shippers in the rail/truck modal decision using statistics from an integrated data bank to expose the modal split between rail and truck. A subset of data was selected from the total in which there was a substantial usage of the two modes. Regression and multiple discriminant analyses are used to determine the significant variables for a wide range of commodities. General expressions are inferred from a large number of micro-analyses of specific types of payload, modes and origin-destination pairs. The analysis showed that the use of rail favoured long distance and heavy loads. High charges reduce the use of rail for all commodities, particularly for personal goods. Shorter shipping times can have a favourable effect on the use of rail. (TRRL)


This study examined what has largely been overlooked in educational research: What happens to educational reforms in teachers' classrooms when they shut the door and teach? Few researchers have talked with teachers to understand their experiences with educational reforms. I framed this narrative inquiry in sociocultural theories of culture (Bruner, 1996; Cole, 1996; Smagorinsky, 2001; Vygotsky, 1978) and experience (Dewey, 1938/1997) to provide lenses for understanding the history, setting, activities, and artifacts that informed how veteran teachers taught during different eras of reform. The participants were three English teachers who started teaching shortly before significant moments in educational reform began to take hold in a small town high school. I employed narrative theory (Bruner, 1987) toward the collection, analysis, and reporting of data to position the study in ways that honored the stories and experiences of the teachers. The methodology included detailed, multi-layered analyses of reform documents as well as multiple individual and group interviews. This study opened the door of three classrooms and told the story of three teachers as they experienced reforms over time from the Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Supreme Court ruling to the publishing of the report A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform (National Commission on Excellence in Education, 1983) to the passing of the Reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, also known as No Child Left Behind (2002). I found that veteran teachers who believed their practices were already in line with the mandates passed down, altered little in their teaching practices. In the culture of this English department, traditions and years of experience played a more valuable and steadfast role than the educational reforms that came from the federal and state governments. INDEX WORDS: Teacher stories, Experiences, English language arts, High school, Culture, Narrative, Narrative theory, Sociocultural theory, Narrative inquiry, Educational reforms, Brown v. Board, A Nation at Risk, No Child Left Behind OPENING THE CLASSROOM DOORS: STORIES OF ENGLISH TEACHERS' EXPERIENCES WITH THREE ERAS OF EDUCATIONAL REFORM by


Village govenment institutionalism and BPD that have formed by Rules of Government nomor 72 year of2005. Buluh Cina village are tourism village that have much potention and need to get support fromvillage institutionalism to create a potentions for positively effect for society. But a conditions society inBuluh Cina village are not support and it make a institutionalism in buluh Cina village doesnt havecapability to protect the society. This research describes the profil of government of village, BadanPemusyawaratan Desa and Lembaga Permusyawaratan Desa in Buluh Cina Village that have use a rulesof government inform educational of elite in institutionalism village. This research purpose to analize theinstitutionalism in Buluh Cina village with the rules of government and also describe the educational invillage. Kualitative descriptive methods with study literatur based on documents and also interview withinforman that choice by purpossive sampling. This research show that government institutionalism inBuluh Cina Village are have done form based on rules government but educational elite 60%, under SLTPand BPD also formed by rules of government and educational of BPD are 40% are Strata 1. LembagaPemberdayaan masyarakat (LPM) in Buluh Cina are not same with the Perda Kampar Regency andperson in LPM are under SLTP. Keywords : Rules of government, educational of aparatur and village profil


The formation of nanocrystalline structure in a 304-type austenitic stainless steel during multidirectional forging (MDF) at room temperature was investigated. Initial coarse austenite grains with an average size of 50 μm were refined to about 80 nm by martensitic transformation during MDF to a total true strain of 2 and remained unchanged upon further deformation up to a strain of 4. The volume fraction of martensite achieved ~0.9 after forging to a strain of 1.6. The MDF at room temperature was accompanied by a significant hardening of the 304-type steel. The microhardness and the flow stress increased during forging and approached their saturations on the levels of about 5 GPa and 1.7 GPa, respectively, after total true strain of 2. The structural mechanisms responsible for microstructure evolution during severe deformation are discussed.


PURPOSE: A blank mask, a photomask and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to increase CD(Critical Dimension) by removing a substrate dependence phenomenon of a chemical amplification resist film. CONSTITUTION: An etch stop layer(2) of a chrome carbonate nitride material is laminated on a transparent substrate(1) with the thickness of 15 nm. The etch stop layer of the chrome carbonate nitride material is laminated by an reactive sputtering method. A MoTaSi shielding layer(3) is laminated on the etch stop layer with the thickness of 30 nm. A MoTaSiN reflection prevention layer(4) is laminated on the MoTaSi shielding layer with the thickness of 10 nm. The hard mask layer of a chrome carbonate nitride material is laminated on the MoTaSiN shielding layer with the thickness of 10 nm. A surface of a hard mask layer is processed using a hot plate. A positive photoresist for a positive chemical amplification of an electron-beam exposure device is spin-coated with the thickness of 200 nm and 300 nm. A blank mask is made by performing a soft bake process.


BACKGROUND
Imaging agents are crucial in diagnosing diseases. Ultrasmall lanthanide oxide (Ln2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) (Ln = Eu, Gd, and Dy) are promising materials as high-performance imaging agents because of their excellent magnetic, optical, and X-ray attenuation properties which can be applied as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorescence imaging (FI), and X-ray computed tomography (CT) agents, respectively. Ultrasmall Ln2O3 NPs (Ln = Eu, Gd, and Dy) are reviewed here.

METHOD
The reviewed topics include polyol synthesis, characterization, properties, and biomedical imaging applications of ultrasmall Ln2O3 NPs. Recently published papers were used as bibliographic databases.

RESULTS
A polyol method is a simple and efficient one-pot synthesis for preparing ultrasmall Ln2O3 NPs. Ligand-coated ultrasmall Ln2O3 NPs have good colloidal stability, biocompatibility, and renal excretion ability suitable for in vivo imaging applications. Ultrasmall Eu2O3 NPs display photoluminescence in the red region suitable for use as FI agents. Ultrasmall Gd2O3 NPs have r1 values higher than those of commercial molecular contrast agents and r2/r1 ratios close to 1, which make them eligible for use as T1 MRI contrast agents. Ultrasmall Dy2O3 NPs exhibit high r2 and negligible r1 values, which make them suitable for use as T2 MRI contrast agents. All ultrasmall Ln2O3 NPs have high X-ray attenuation powers which make them suitable for use as CT contrast agents.

CONCLUSION
Unmixed, mixed, or doped ultrasmall Ln2O3 NPs with different Ln are extremely useful for in vivo imaging applications in MRI, CT, FI, MRI-CT, MRI-FI, CT-FI, and MRI-CT-FI.


In Reply. —We were impressed by the intriguing similarities between our article and the article by Dr Gelender. In both series, elderly patients having had intraocular lens surgery underwent corneal epithelial disturbances that progressed to frank melting after a latent period of several weeks. Implant removal was of benefit in selected cases. Why was such corneal melting less prevalent before the widespread use of intraocular lenses? Perhaps the implant itself provoked an inflammatory response sufficient to contribute to the melting, as suggested by Dr Gelender. In support of this theory is the observation that corneal reepithelialization was prompted following implant removal in both series. Another possibility is that with implants, more steroid therapy is warranted postoperatively, and it is the liberal use of corticosteroids that was crucial to the pathogenesis of the melting. Whereas all five of the patients in our series had either keratitis sicca or rheumatoid arthritis, only


A class 4 pulsed laser can be operated in a safe regime without reducing instantaneous irradiance or pulse energy by shortening its dwell time through duty cycle reduction or scanning. A conservative relationship for hazard distance as a function of scan rate is derived for the case of a scanning, retina safe laser.


In this article,not only developments of theroies and methods on conservation but also things about MAS's conservation were discussed systemicly.Nowsday,which might educe the method that conse-rvation's theroy on the basic of population genetic was combined with conservation's measure of molecular genetic markers on the base of molecular genetics at present and in future,so as to attain aims at conserving genetic resources in livestock,maintaining or improving the level of productions.


Problems posed to the designer of fuel injection equipment suited to engines developing from 11 Kw (15 bhp) to 75 Kw (100 bhp) per cylinder are outlined, and improvements made to several highly-stressed components in order to increase service life are reported. Research work on specific engine performance and emissions indicates the desirability of a high injection rate for a given pump size with attendant load and stress increases. It is well-known that noise from the pump and engine is adversely affected by load and stress increases. Although legislation relating to noise has not been finalized, the Lucas Industries Noise Centre has predicted likely levels and dates of implementation. Designers of fuel injection equipment must consider failure analysis, cam design, cam production, geometric cam design, and camshaft bearings. Two design elements which are becoming more common involve retard notches that delay the start of excess fuel injection and load advance. Other design features of importance are port design, leakage, and the pump body (stiffness, barrel clamping, and spill erosion). Following a review of Lucas' inline equipment, the Maximec pump is noted as the largest pump offered. It embodies all design considerations previously outlined and is offered with a range of three camshaft lifts (10, 11, and 12 mm), giving maximum fuelings of 300, 350, and 400 cubic mm, respectively, and an element diameter of 13 mm, which enables the pump to produce 1000 bar peak injection pressures. The pump is available in 6, 8, and 12 cylinder forms at speeds up to 2700 rpm.