In a rapid shift between the 1920s and 1940s, British imperial policy went from paying almost no attention to child-rearing among colonized populations to hailing family order among the colonized as essential to economic progress and social stability. The shift resulted from the intersection of processes occurring on three different scales: global scientific and ideological developments, transimperial gendered professionalization, and local social and political struggles. This paper illuminates those multi-scalar dynamics by examining a specific subfield of empire, the British Caribbean. As riots and general strikes in Trinidad, Barbados, Jamaica, and other colonies shook the imperial order in the late 1930s, metropolitan observers discovered the "native" family as the crucial incubator of proper working-class citizens. This article uses British Caribbean newspapers and unpublished Colonial Office correspondence generated by the 1938–39 West India Royal Commission (Moyne Commission) to make visible the global and transatlantic dialogs that brought the "problem" of the Caribbean family to the forefront of policy debate. Although imperial rule would not last, the pathologization of Caribbean parenting would prove painfully persistent.


een twenties and the equally significant degree to which Indian perspectives were fused with those ideas in various cross-cultural syntheses. Professor Majumdar is at his best in showing how even the most westernized thinkers did not simply adopt foreign ideas wholesale but made selective and essentially creative use of these ideas to suit Indian conditions. His work retains its value in clarifying the process by which India's nineteenth century elite of reformers developed ideas that would ultimately produce a revolution.


The Northwest Pacific saury(Cololabis saira) separating system mainly consists of the fish and water separator and the fish size grader.Studying on the separating system and raising some improvement measures are beneficial to reducing the labor costs,improving the grading effects and productivity.Aiming at the traditional separating system,the main structure,box structure,seepage plate structure of the fish and water separator and the separating structure,stand bar structure of the fish size grader were redesigned based on the fishing experience.The improvement measures are described as follows:(1)constructing a drainage channel below the main structure of the fish and water separator,and the angle between drainage channel to the horizontal plan is about 15~20 °;(2)constructing a top cover above the fish and water separator box,and adhering a layer of flexible waterproof thermoplastic elastomer(TPE) to the inner cover layer of the box and the top cover;(3)The seepage plate is designed into a removable two-tier board structure;(4)The number of the sorting pipes increased to 15,and the length increased to 250cm,the grading storages are added up to five;(5)The original fixed stand bars of the fishing separator are redesigned into removable stand bars;(6)Fish skateboard is designed to slope about 30 °;(7)adding a set of water jet screens over the fish separator.The redesigned fish separating system is suitable for the separating of Northwest Pacific saury and the other small-size fish species.


The article reviews the exhibition of artists Yun Gee and Li-Ian titled "Experiences of Passage: The Paintings of Yun Gee and Li-Ian."


Simple Summary This study attempts to answer a novel and clinically relevant question of the value of Bragg-peak-based FLASH planning for lung tumors. Most existing studies and literature are limited to using transmission proton beams at ultra-high dose rates, resulting in unnecessary irradiation exposure to normal tissues beyond the target volume. By combining a new hardware design (universal range shifter and range compensator) and an inverse planning system, the novel Bragg peak method makes the Bragg-peak-based FLASH planning possible. The treatment planning study and dosimetry comparison between single-energy proton Bragg peak beams and transmission proton beams demonstrated superior performances in OAR sparing and comparable FLASH dose rate of the Bragg peak FLASH. Beam angle optimization can further improve Bragg peak FLASH dosimetry performance while maintaining the similar 3D FLASH dose rate coverage for OARs. Abstract Purpose: While transmission proton beams have been demonstrated to achieve ultra-high dose rate FLASH therapy delivery, they are unable to spare normal tissues distal to the target. This study aims to compare FLASH treatment planning using single energy Bragg peak proton beams versus transmission proton beams in lung tumors and to evaluate Bragg peak plan optimization, characterize plan quality, and quantify organ-at-risk (OAR) sparing. Materials and Methods: Both Bragg peak and transmission plans were optimized using an in-house platform for 10 consecutive lung patients previously treated with proton stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). To bring the dose rate up to the FLASH-RT threshold, Bragg peak plans with a minimum MU/spot of 1200 and transmission plans with a minimum MU/spot of 400 were developed. Two common prescriptions, 34 Gy in 1 fraction and 54 Gy in 3 fractions, were studied with the same beam arrangement for both Bragg peak and transmission plans (n = 40 plans). RTOG 0915 dosimetry metrics and dose rate metrics based on different dose rate calculations, including average dose rate (ADR), dose-averaged dose rate (DADR), and dose threshold dose rate (DTDR), were investigated. We then evaluated the effect of beam angular optimization on the Bragg peak plans to explore the potential for superior OAR sparing. Results: Bragg peak plans significantly reduced doses to several OAR dose parameters, including lung V7.4Gy and V7Gy by 32.0% (p < 0.01) and 30.4% (p < 0.01) for 34Gy/fx plans, respectively; and by 40.8% (p < 0.01) and 41.2% (p < 0.01) for 18Gy/fx plans, respectively, compared with transmission plans. Bragg peak plans have ~3% less in DADR and ~10% differences in mean OARs in DTDR and DADR relative to transmission plans due to the larger portion of lower dose regions of Bragg peak plans. With angular optimization, optimized Bragg peak plans can further reduce the lung V7Gy by 20.7% (p < 0.01) and V7.4Gy by 19.7% (p < 0.01) compared with Bragg peak plans without angular optimization while achieving a similar 3D dose rate distribution. Conclusion: The single-energy Bragg peak plans achieve superior dosimetry performances in OARs to transmission plans with comparable dose rate performances for lung cancer FLASH therapy. Beam angle optimization can further improve the OAR dosimetry parameters with similar 3D FLASH dose rate coverage.


Until within the last decade, flagellate protozoa, when found in the stool, were considered either incidental or secondary infections of more or less harmless nature. One of us (B. W. R), during seventeen years of laboratory experience, has never found these parasites except in cases with existing or recent acute or chronic diarrhea, and has become convinced that these parasites are of more importance as etiologic factors in diarrhea than has been given them. The Trichomonas intestinalis is a pear shaped organism about 17 microns long by 10 wide, with four or more flagella which serve to propel it rapidly about with a quick, jerky motion. These parasites live best in neutral or slightly alkaline mediums, and for this reason any tissue of low vitality may harbor them. As their mode of entrance is by the mouth, however, the gastro-intestinal tract is their usual habitat. The fact that they have


Background: Diabetic foot is one of the most feared complications of diabetes and is the leading cause of hospitalization among diabetic patients. Diabetes ai¬€ects people worldwide and poses major public health and socio-economic challenges. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and practice of patients on diabetic foot prevention and self-care.  Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with a focus on diabetic patients attending the diabetic clinic at the Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon. A total of 60 diabetic patients were randomly sampled, and a structured questionnaire was used for data collection.   Results: Most of the patients were females (65%), were educated to the primary level (60%), were aged 50-69 years (67%), and did not have any regular monthly income (45%). A majority of diabetic patients had the disease for at least 9 years (56.7%), had no knowledge on diabetic foot (65%), and up to 68.3% had no idea on diabetic foot self-care.  Conclusions: The results highlight gaps in patients' knowledge of foot care, which is still sub-standard. Also, their practice of foot care was inadequate. This was associated with illiteracy, low socio-economic conditions, and inadequate education of patients by the healthcare providers. Therefore, patient's education on self-care management of foot should be incorporated into the routine care of patients with diabetes both in clinics and in the community settings.


Pue rpe ral Sta te . By William Leishman, M.D., Regius Professor of Midwifery in the University of Glascow, Physician to University LyiDg-in Hospital, Corresponding Member of Obstetrical Societies of Edinburgh and Berlin, etc. Second American from the second and revised English edition; with additions by John S. Parry, M.D., Obstetrician to Philadelphia Hospital, etc. pp. 766. Philadelphia: Henry C. Lea.


Abstract A common primary bone malignancy in childhood and adolescence is Ewing's sarcoma. Here we report multidisciplinary approach in the management of chronic hyperplastic candidiasis and xerostomia secondary to chemotherapy with vincristine, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (VDC) in a pediatric male patient with Ewing's sarcoma of Ethmoid sinus. The initial diagnosed oral lesion was treated with topical clotrimazole 1%w/v for two weeks and Sucralfate 1g/10mL oral rinse for one month. Upon subsequent VDC chemotherapy cycle, the patient developed grade IV oral mucositis, severe neutropenia and associated oesophageal candidiasis. Treatment included combination of topical clotrimazole 1%w/v and Fluconazole 300mg/day (IV for 5 days and Tablet for 14 days). To prevent caries risk, pit and fissure sealants were applied and topical fluoride therapy was given; patient was encouraged to have frequent sips of water and prescribed kids xylitol gum for 15 days to minimize xerostomia. At 5-week follow up, reduction in burning sensation and resolution of white lesion was noted.


The training and practice of gamut , semi-gamut, arpeggio etc, play an important part in piano teaching. Several musical compositions make clever use of different gamut, arpeggio (their varieties included) as a means of expressing music. Facts have proved that good mastery of basic skills and techniques can be obtained only through practice and practice of gamut and arpeggio, which help a lot to produce the best teaching and learning effect .


The stability of overburden-karstic free face at the pile-end is analyzed by 3D FEM.The relation of pile-end fixing pressure and overburden horizon of soil, index of friction ,structural plan angle of tilt,free face angle of tilt and structural plan height are given by means of multivariate linear method. The verification is done by the engineer example.


The new Iraqi diplomacy after 2003 was characterized by a policy of openness to the countries of the regional and international surroundings, following the principle of neutrality, non-interference, and rejection of violence and polarization, emphasizing dialogue and peace to resolve disputes by peaceful means, and avoiding wars and conflicts. Realizing the extent of the importance of cooperation and peace and the urgent need for it at the present time, especially with the Arab Gulf countries, due to the strategic and economic importance enjoyed by those countries that Iraq cannot dispense with, if Iraq wanted to achieve economic development, and to open a new page with the Arab Gulf countries to develop cooperation ties and rapprochement , away from the tension and anxiety that tainted the relationship between them in the past decades .


The real time, in-situ measurement of excess oxygen and temperature in the radiant heat zone of a boiler or furnace provides a window for viewing combustion conditions closest to the source. Excess oxygen and temperature measurements, taken at strategic sample points around the firebox, provide timely information for optimal trim control of the combustion process. With fuel costs skyrocketing and a focus on reducing NOx emissions, it is essential that the excess oxygen measurement be fast and accurate. Commercially available in-situ, high temperature oxygen sensors have the potential to solve combustion control and burner management problems with short payback and high annual ROI in power applications.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


The distributions of haptoglobin and transferrin phenotypes were examined in a population sample of Africans belonging to the Basakata and Nkundu tribes in Congo. The transferrin variants Bx and Dj were observed. The frequency of the haptoglobin gene Hpl was 0.54 and a significant inbreeding effect was found with respect to the distribution of haptoglobin phenotypes.


Main text A 46-year-old African-American male with a history of type-1 diabetes (DM) was referred to the Rheumatology clinic for a further evaluation of possible systemic scleroderma. He reported a 3-year history of skin thickening and hyperpigmentation on his back and shoulders. Over the last 12 months, his symptoms progressed, involving the proximal arms, legs, and back with sparing of his hand and feet. His medical history was remarkable for insulin-dependent DM, which was complicated with diabetic retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy. Skin examination revealed a woody, hardened, indurated, hyperpigmented skin with a peau d'orange appearance involving the posterior aspect of the neck, shoulders, arms, legs, and mid-back (Figure 1a, b). The face, chest, forearms, hands, and feet were unaffected. There was no telangiectasia, sclerodactyly, fingertip ulceration, or calcinosis. The remainder of the physical examination was unremarkable. Laboratory evaluation revealed a normal complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel, Western sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, creatine phosphokinase level, aldolase, and thyroid-stimulating hormone. Hemoglobin A1C level was 7.1 (normal <6). Immunofluorescence antinuclear antibodies, complement levels, and Scl-70 were all negative. Serum protein electrophoresis and urine protein electrophoresis were normal. Full thickness skin biopsy revealed a thickened dermis, with fenestrated collagen and mucin deposition in the deep dermis, which is consistent with the diagnosis of scleredema (Figure 2 a-c).


Scedosporium spp. are environmental fungi that have acquired clinical importance over the last decades. Currently, these fungi are considered emerging pathogens that affect both immunocompromised and immunocompetent people. The most serious conditions within scedosporiosis are infections with dissemination to the central nervous system, which have a mortality rate of up to 75%. These fungi present intrinsic resistance to several antifungals, making options in the treatment of scedosporiosis difficult. The frequency of these infections is thought to be underestimated since the signs and symptoms are nonspecific. This leads to the suspicion of other fungal etiological agents that occur more frequently in human pathologies, such as Aspergillus spp. Currently, these five species are recognized as causing important diseases in humans: Scedosporium apiospermum, Scedosporium boydii, Scedosporium aurantiacum, Scedosporium minutisporum, and Scedosporium dehoogii.


Preface Introduction: the Democratic order as a political project 1. When does politics change? 2. Creating political orders: the logic of the Democratic experience 3. Democratic opportunities in the crises of the 1930s 4. Passing the Wagner Act and building a new Democratic state 5. Party and movements in the Democratic upsurge, 1935-7 6. Progressive liberalism as pragmatic common sense 7. Surprising years: electing Truman and sustaining the Democratic order, 1947-9 8. Passing Taft-Hartley: what the losers won (and what the winners lost) 9. New political fronts? Growth and civil rights in the late 1940s 10. Democratic anti-Communism and the Cold War 11. From Truman to Kennedy: the reach and limits of Democratic power 12. Was the Democratic order democratic? Index.


This paper focuses on the adjustment environment in the United States as set out by the active U.S. trade remedy laws (antidumping, countervailing duties, and safeguards) and the Trade Adjustment Assistance program. We document U.S. industries' use of these various laws and relate industry use of trade policies to import competition and revealed comparative advantage. We also examine potential effects of U.S. trade policies on adjustment to shifting comparative advantage and give examples of industry outcomes. An important conclusion is that trade policies delaying industry adjustment can promote new entry into the domestic industry and thereby increase rather than alleviate the pressure on existing plants and workers.


The development of 5G technologies and the Internet of Things lead to a change in the traditional paradigm of frequency-territorial planning. Indeed, in addition to reducing the distance between base stations of cellular communication, there is a problem of approaching the radio means of mobile devices to them, as well as the problem of uncontrolled convergence of an arbitrary number of radio means on mobile devices. In all cases, intermodulation distortion (name in English technical literature: reverse intermodulation distortion - RIMD) occurs between closely spaced simultaneously operating transmitters. Once in the reception band, they disrupt the normal functioning of radio equipment. Therefore, the requirements for the transmitter's electromagnetic compatibility characteristics are continuously tightened. Class D power amplifiers, in addition to higher efficiency and better quality indicators, may potentially have a lower level of intermodulation distortion. The article deals with intermodulation distortion in previously unexplored class D push-pull voltage switching mode power amplifier with a resistive load. On the developed theoretical approach basis, an analysis was made of the intermodulation distortion levels dependence on the electronic components parameters spread and the circuit operating mode. It is shown that in order to achieve the desired levels of intermodulation distortion, not exceeding -70 dB, it is necessary to ensure the difference in the active elements saturation resistances is not more than 20% and the saturation time deviation from the meander is not more than 2 degrees.


...................................................................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Vita .............................................................................................................................................................. 6 List of Figures and Tables ............................................................................................................................ 9 Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 10 Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) ......................................................................... 10 Oncolytic Virotherapy (OV Therapy) .................................................................... 11 Cysteine-rich, Angiogenic Inducer, 61 (Cyr61) and OV Therapy .......................... 13 Interferon-Induced Transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) ..................................... 16 Objectives ............................................................................................................. 17 Chapter 2: Material and Methods ............................................................................................................. 19 Cells, Viruses and Viral Titration .......................................................................... 19 Luciferase and the BCA Assay .............................................................................. 22 Western Blots ....................................................................................................... 23 RNA Preparation and Semi-quantitative Real-time PCR ...................................... 24 Microarray. ........................................................................................................... 24 Transfections and Cloning .................................................................................... 25 Animals ................................................................................................................. 25 Statistical Analysis ................................................................................................ 25 Chapter 3: Results ..................................................................................................................................... 27 Created Tetracycline-on Cell Lines Demonstrate Cyr61 Induction Upon Doxycycline Treatment............................................................................................................. 27 In Vitro Inhibition of OV infection in Dox Model ................................................. 29 Characterization of Dox Model ............................................................................ 31 IFITM3 Upregulation Shown by Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Microarray........ 34 Western Blot of Multiple Cell Lines Shows IFITM3 Upregulation Following OV Infection .............................................................................................................................. 37 8 No Inhibition Shown By Luciferase Following IFITM3 Transient Transfection ..... 39 Chapter 4: Discussion and Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 42 References ................................................................................................................................................. 44


We present a study of the HI and optical properties of nearby ($z$ $\le$ 0.1) Low Surface Brightness galaxies (LSBGs). We started with a literature sample of $\sim$900 LSBGs and divided them into three morphological classes: spirals, irregulars and dwarfs. Of these, we could use $\sim$490 LSBGs to study their HI and stellar masses, colours and colour magnitude diagrams, and local environment, compare them with normal, High Surface Brightness (HSB) galaxies and determine the differences between the three morphological classes. We found that LSB and HSB galaxies span a similar range in HI and stellar masses, and have a similar $M_{\rm HI}$/$M_{\star}$--$M_{\star}$ relationship. Among the LSBGs, as expected, the spirals have the highest average HI and stellar masses, both of about 10$^{9.8}$ $M_\odot$. The LSGBs' ($g$--$r$) integrated colour is nearly constant as function of HI mass for all classes. In the colour magnitude diagram, the spirals are spread over the red and blue regions whereas the irregulars and dwarfs are confined to the blue region. The spirals also exhibit a steeper slope in the $M_{\rm HI}$/$M_{\star}$--$M_{\star}$ plane. Within their local environment we confirmed that LSBGs are more isolated than HSB galaxies, and LSB spirals more isolated than irregulars and dwarfs. Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical tests on the HI mass, stellar mass and number of neighbours indicates that the spirals are a statistically different population from the dwarfs and irregulars. This suggests that the spirals may have different formation and HI evolution than the dwarfs and irregulars.


The creative industries promising opportunities, especially the interactive game business. creative industries is still undeveloped, but lately has been showing its contribution to the economic development of Indonesia. Implementation of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) strategy is a new discourse that can provide great opportunities for the entrepreneurial. This study aims to reveal the level of implementation of ICT strategies, the role of government influence on the development of business, industry conditions as well as the existing value chain in the interactive games industry. Type of research conducted by descriptive research, qualitative analysis was based on the findings of desk research / literature, interviewsources, and the researcher's own knowledge. Level of subjectivity can be minimized with the help of quantitative analysis and the selection of competent resource persons in the field interviews. Secondary dataobtained from the creative economy planning books in 2025, which was published by the Ministry of Commerce of the Republic of Indonesia. Based on the research results, it is concluded that the implementation of ICTstrategies by entrepreneurs in the interactive games industry is still less, and this is partly because in general the industry is still small-scale and micro enterprises, mash the industry is relatively new in the world of business,and entrepreneurs are still concentrating the creation, production, and distributio, commercialization are being developed. In general, interactive games industry is growing. In the future, need to research business model and business strategy, so it would complement the models developing strategy in the game interactive industry.


The study aims to explore the relationship between perceived discrimination,social identity conflict and floating child's city adaptation.Based on the cluster sampling,415 floating children from 2 public school,1 private school was selected to fill the anonymous questionnaires(perceived discrimination,social identity conflict,city adaptation).The results show that discrimination has negative influence on the city adaptation,social identity conflict;social identity has negative influence on city adaptation and mediate the relationship between discrimination and psychological adaptation.


......................................................................................................................... i TABLE OF CONTENTS ······································································································· iv LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................. vi LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................ vi GENERAL INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER I ....................................................................................................................... 13 1.


We present narrowband (Hα and adjacent continuum) and broadband (B and V) optical images of the dwarf Wolf-Rayet galaxy Zw 0855+06 and its companion, together with high-resolution Hα spectroscopy of the main galaxy. We find a bridge of ∼14.7 kpc (∼65″) in length and stellar nature connecting both galaxies, a feature that undoubtedly indicates their mutual interaction. We infer from the narrow width of the bridge that at least one of these two dwarf galaxies had a well-developed disk before the interaction. The light of the main galaxy (MB = -17.82) is dominated by a young and massive ionizing population. There is ample reason to believe that a gravitational interaction with the companion caused the starburst. The companion (MB = -15.84) does not show any evidence of ionized gas, and its population has a B-V color that suggests the presence of intermediate-age (∼109 yr) stars. This case highlights the concept that bursts in H II dwarf galaxies may be caused by interactions with lower luminosity companions. We anticipate that ruling out interactions as the origin of bursts in dwarf galaxies will require deeper surveys than are currently available. We find a backward outflow with a velocity of about 47 km s-1 in the southeast part (∼880 pc from the center) of the main galaxy, suggesting the presence of dynamical effects on the interstellar gas arising from the mechanical action of the massive stars or the interaction process.


Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare destruction effect to different heart structures using RF, cryo and laser methodology in animal (pig) model. Methods: Ablation procedure was performed on right and left pulmonary veins area, free wall of right and left atrias, and free wall of ventricles positioning ablation electrode from endocardial side. Ablation electrodes were inserted through an incision in right/left auricle. The effects of ablation were observed visually and using thermography for temperature control. Results: Standard recommended parameters for both of used destruction energies were possible to evoke quick critical scar formation and rupture. Temperature in cardiac surface differs from 34.5 till 70.2 °C, and directly depends from electrode compression level, time of application and energy power. We express dissent from the general view, what destruction in cardiac structures is point like. We observed enough high range of temperature dispersion, especially in ventricles. Conclusions: Usage of thermography enable to estimate peculiarities and borders of destruction site, optimize parameters of ablation, allows us to avoid or minimize undesirable effects, save structures and improve clinical outcomes.


Several issues regarding the adverse impacts of the chemical—perchlorate—have been identified recently. Perchlorate is a persistent chemical, and remains in water and soil, thereby accumulating in plants and animals. Fetuses suffer the most from perchlorate contamination. There are ongoing debates about the impacts, toxicity and health effects of perchlorate. Many studies have been conducted on its ecotoxicity and its effects, but standards do not exist for perchlorate. This study aims to review the sources, impacts, fate, transport and remediation of perchlorate.


Objective To make a research into the application of artificial neural network model in intestinal cancer.Methods A theoretical analysis of artificial neural network model was conducted.On the basis of biological and medical experiment investigation in intestinal cancer,the relationship between the indexes of intestinal cancer and its prognosis was investigated by establishing the model of BP neural networks.Results BP neural network model is able to reflect the relationship between the numerous indexes including regulatory genes and the prognosis of intestinal cancers.Conclusion BP neural network models provide a new approach to the research of intestinal cancer and has ideal prospects of application.


Extractability (in 1 n NH4OAc, pH 7.0) of Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu from a Canadian peat, perlite, and sand medium amended with 6 commercial micronutrient fertilizer mixes was determined over an 80-week period with semi-weekly leaching. With the exception of Fe from FeDTPA, which dropped rapidly from very high levels to almost zero, and Fe from Esmigran, which was not extractable by NH4OAc, levels of all 5 elements from most fertilizer sources decreased slightly during the 1st month but then remained rather constant for the remainder of the 18 month experimental period. Extractable Mn, Zn, and Fe were reduced significantly by the superphosphate in Micromax Plus.


If X is a collection of edges in a graph G , let G/X denote the contraction of X . Following a question of Oxley and a conjecture of Oporowski, we prove that every projective-planar graph G admits an edge-partition { X, Y } such that G/X and G/Y have tree-width at most three. We prove that every toroidal graph G admits an edge-partition { X, Y } such that G/X and G/Y have tree-width at most three and four, respectively.


As fossil resources are depleting due to an increasing world population and the associated energy and chemicals demand, it is of strategic importance to search for renewable alternatives. Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising renewable resource which can be converted into liquid hydrocarbon fuels via routes which includes aldol condensations. At present, at the industrial scale, aldol condensations are typically catalyzed by homogeneous base catalysts. However, in a pursuit of more sustainable chemical processes, heterogeneous catalysts are desired.
In this work, the possibility to efficiently increase the aldol condensation rate using heterogeneous cooperative acid-base catalysts has been investigated. These materials are studied experimentally as well as by (kinetic) modeling. The mechanism by which aldol condensations are carried out on this type of materials is further elucidated. Also insights in the catalyst properties which determine the reaction, such as the spatial positioning of the acid function with respect to the base function, the type of acid and base and the hydrophilic or hydrophobic character of the support, have been obtained. In addition, the properties of the reactants and the reaction environment are investigated via the presence of an electron withdrawing group on the aromatic ring of the reagents and the amount of water in the reaction mixture. The research eventually led to a proposal for an optimal acid-base catalyst for aldol condensations.


/department of mechanical engineering Introduction About 22,500 km of unplasticised poly(vinyl chloride) (uPVC) pipe is in use in the Dutch gas distribution network. These pipes will reach their initially estimated service life in the near future. Nevertheless, leak survey data reveals no decrease in the integrity of this part of the network[1]. Therefore, the question arises if (and how long) the pipes can remain in the ground without concessions to safety. Most leaks occur due to incidents during excavation activities (third party damage). The lifetime of a uPVC pipe is therefore limited by its impact behaviour: brittle behaviour upon impact will impose a significantly higher risk than ductile behaviour. The goal of this study is to determine the influence of physical ageing on the impact behaviour of uPVC pipes.


The use of reliability growth models of the modified systems in the testing phase is examined. The non-monotonic software reliability models on results updates and patches are substantiated. The original expressions of parameters of non-monotonic reliability assessment models, estimates of accuracy and test planning are obtained. The advantages of the non-monotonic reliability growth models for open source software and multi-version software are noted.


Let $F$ be a graph. The planar Turan number of $F$, denoted by $\text{ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n,F)$, is the maximum number of edges in an $n$-vertex planar graph containing no copy of $F$ as a subgraph. Let $\Theta_k$ denote the family of Theta graphs on $k\geq 4$ vertices, that is, a graph obtained by joining a pair of non-consecutive vertices of a $k$-cycle with an edge. Y. Lan, this http URL. determined sharp upper bound for $\text{ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n,\Theta_4)$ and $\text{ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n,\Theta_5)$. Moreover, they obtained an upper bound for $\text{ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n,\Theta_6)$. They proved that, $\text{ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n,\Theta_6)\leq \frac{18}{7}n-\frac{36}{7}$. In this paper, we improve their result by giving a bound which is sharp. In particular, we prove that $\text{ex}_{\mathcal{P}}(n,\Theta_6)\leq \frac{18}{7}n-\frac{48}{7}$ and demonstrate that there are infinitely many $n$ for which there exists a $\Theta_6$-free planar graph $G$ on $n$ vertices, which attains the bound.


This thesis addresses three aspects of movement, performance and perception in music performance. First, the playing of an accent, a simple but much used and practiced element in drumming is studie ...


The purpose of this study was to develop a status report for Marketing Education Programs in Wisconsin. It was designed to answer the following overarching questions; 1) to what extent do marketing educators attribute competency in teaching marketing to their industry work experiences; 2) to what extent are marketing educators aware about the marketing education program components and its supporting resources; 3) to what extent do marketing educators support experiential components of the marketing program? The population of this study consisted of Wisconsin secondary marketing educators. A web-based survey was administered yielding a response rate of slightly less than 60 percent. Survey respondents reported teaching experience from less than five


To equip physicians with the competencies that support evidence-based healthcare, curriculum frameworks for medical education often promote scholarly activity as an essential component of training. Many medical schools worldwide expect medical trainees to participate in some form of research during their undergraduate and postgraduate training. This requirement is especially important in Africa, where there is also much need to develop clinical research capacity and an evidence base that is contextualised to the specific healthcare challenges on the continent. In South Africa, the requirement for specialist trainees to complete a research project (as part of a Master of Medicine, MMed) was made mandatory from 2011 and has introduced several difficulties for many training centres. There is concern that institutions are failing to develop medical specialists who are competent in their role as scholars, particularly in their ability to conduct research. In this article, I review the South African literature that discusses the research component of medical specialist registration. In addition to summarising the challenges associated with MMed projects and recent efforts to address them, I interrogate whether the current status of MMed research education is likely to be contributing to the successful development of research competence among this unique group of postgraduates. By consolidating the current debate, I hope to encourage a point of departure between criticising the challenges and adopting proactive strategies to address them. There is a great need for medical educators to design innovative and learner-centred research education strategies that can better develop research competence among African healthcare professionals.


The invention discloses a high-temperature-resistant and anti-aging regenerated rubber sealing ring. The high-temperature-resistant and anti-aging regenerated rubber sealing ring is prepared from, by weight, 60-80 parts of regenerated rubber, 15-25 parts of quartz powder, 5-10 parts of graphite powder, 4-6 parts of rosin, 0.5-1 part of propyl gallate, 2-4 parts of butyl acrylate, 5-10 parts of butadiene styrene rubber, 1-2 parts of sulphur, 0.1-0.2 part of potassium peroxodisulfate, 1-2 parts of ethylene-bis-stearamide, 0.1-0.2 part of lauryl sodium sulfate, 0.1-0.2 part of dibasic lead phosphate, 1-2 parts of zinc stearate and 5-10 parts of compound additive. The regenerated rubber sealing ring has the good mechanical performance and the good use performance, and is good in sealing performance, high in overall performance, good in high temperature resistance and anti-aging performance and suitable for the high temperature condition.


Simple Summary Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is predicted to be the 2nd cause of death by cancer in Western Countries in 2023. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage for which chemotherapy is the main treatment. In this study we developed through an innovative approach, a simple nine genes blood RNA-based signature that predicts sensitivity to gemcitabine, one of the main regimens in combination with nab-paclitaxel or alone in less fit patients. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is expected to be the second cause of cancer death by 2022. For nearly 80% of patients, diagnosis occurs at an advanced, nonsurgical stage, making such patients incurable. Gemcitabine is still an important component in PDAC treatment and is most often used as a backbone to test new targeted therapies and there is, to date, no routine biomarker to predict its efficacy. Samples from a phase III randomized trial were used to develop through a large approach based on blood-based liquid biopsy, transcriptome profiling, and machine learning, a nine gene predictive signature for gemcitabine sensitivity. Patients with a positive test (41.6%) had a significantly longer progression free survival (PFS) (3.8 months vs. 1.9 months p = 0.03) and a longer overall survival (OS) (14.5 months vs. 5.1, p < 0.0001). In multivariate analyses, this signature was independently associated with PFS (HR = 0.5 (0.28–0.9) p = 0.025) and OS (HR = 0.39 (0.21–0.7) p = 0.002).


Directed at home school teachers, this paper criticizes public schools for not embracing technology and suggests that much of the current educational software is inadequate. The paper notes that home schooling families are creating a revolution in the educational software marketplace, because home school teachers are looking for the best tools available. The paper suggests that the computer can automate the drudge work such as developing lesson plans, record keeping, and generating drills and spelling lists, but it can go beyond these mundane uses to help children learn French, piano, typing, publishing, and more. (Author/LPP) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. . * ******************************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 11,..This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. High-Tech Home Schooling


This paper introduces the process of the design and local greening reformation of Moyiyuan Garden in Taiyuan City,Shanxi Province,and through the general design,landscape construction and reformation of Mongyiyuan Garden,probes into the general idea of constructing the roadside green spaces in Downtowns.


Characteristics of complex formation and stability constants of benzoyl acetone - gadolinium- chloroform- water system (Ga content 2 x 10/sup -5/, 8 x 10/ sup -5/, and 1 x 10/sup -4/ g/ion/l) were analyzed using Rydbeig, Bjerrum and Dyrssen-Sillen distribution methods. The tabulated data are in good agreement. (R.V.J.)


Objective of this thesis was to theoretically explain certain facts about e-mail as a channel of communication and about newsletter as a mean of promo


Abstract : The laboratory type cesium beam frequency standard, Cs 1, of RRL (Radio Research Laboratory) features a hexapole magnet focusing system, a 55 cm Ramsey cavity using a coaxial line-to-waveguide transducer and a digital servo system.


Rapid in clinic measurement of glycated hemoglogin (HbA1c) allows to determine the level of metabolic control within a few minutes on capillary blood. We have evaluated the new DCA Vantage (Siemens) based on an immunological technique, replacing the DCA 2000+ (Siemens). The study included 120 unselected young type 1 diabetic patients, with different degrees of metabolic control. The DCA Vantage was compared with the HPLC system (Menarini HA 8160) whose deviation from the DCCT was


We study the equilibrium structures of white dwarfs with dark matter cores formed by non-self-annihilating dark matter (DM) particles with masses ranging from 1 GeV to 100 GeV, which are assumed to form an ideal degenerate Fermi gas inside the stars. For DM particles of mass 10 GeV and 100 GeV, we find that stable stellar models exist only if the mass of the DM core inside the star is less than $O({10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}){M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$ and $O({10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}){M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$, respectively. The global properties of these stars, and in particular the corresponding Chandrasekhar mass limits, are essentially the same as those of traditional white dwarf models without DM. Nevertheless, in the 10 GeV case, the gravitational attraction of the DM core is strong enough to squeeze the normal matter in the core region to densities above neutron drip, far above those in traditional white dwarfs. For DM with a particle mass of 1 GeV, the DM core inside the star can be as massive as $\ensuremath{\sim}0.1{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$ and affects the global structure of the star significantly. In this case, the radius of a stellar model with DM can be about two times smaller than that of a traditional white dwarf. Furthermore, the Chandrasekhar mass limit can also be decreased by as much as 40%. Our results may have implications on the extent to which type Ia supernovae can be regarded as standard candles\char22{}a key assumption in the discovery of dark energy.


Magnetorheological Finishing (MRF) is widely regarded as an effective technique to polish and figure aspheric optics. MRF based on Robot Arm is developed by us. This new machine is more flexible, efficient, cost-effective and smaller space-usage in optical shop, compared with the traditional MRF machines. The components of MRF based on Robot Arm are introduced firstly. Position-attitude control and polishing tool path are also studied in this paper. The experiments and application of MRF based on Robot Arm demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of MRF based on Robot Arm in optical fabrication.


In the past 10 years, Bangladesh has experienced positive economic and social changes.  Historically, labor mobility has been a common livelihood strategy of the people as well as the Bangladeshi people. Labor mobility has become an integral part of the current global economy. The primary objective of this study is to provide a review of the impact of labor mobility on living standards in the northern region of Bangladesh. To develop the paper, primary as well as secondary data are collected. The quantitative, as well as qualitative analyses, are conducted in this study. Primary data is collected through a set of well-structured questionnaires. In the study, it is observed that there is 8% of labor are migrated within the last three years. From 2011 to 2015, the maximum laborers are migrated i.e., 37% and 33% migrated labor were day labor.  There are 35.56% of people with zero income level per day before their migration. On the other hand, after the migration, there are no people with nil income. Before the migration, 81.11% of people incur their expenditure for buying the inferior goods and the rest of the people incur for the necessary goods, but no one can consume the luxurious goods. On the other hand, after the migration, only 4.44% of laborers are availing of luxurious goods. So still they are not enjoying their life. Before the migration, they are 9% of people who are extremely dissatisfied with these types of facilities, and 33.33% of people were very dissatisfied. On the other hand, there are 23.33% of laborers are very pleased with their medical facilities, shelter, and child education facilities. The result shows that 41% of people are pushed for migration. It is assumed that there is a great impact of labor mobilization on the living standard. The labor is migrated in order to have a better living standard. There are two alternatives for their survival, first, we have to provide job opportunities near their residence, and the alternative is to provide a better living standard for the migrated people.


In this paper, we argue that institutions affect the allocation of entrepreneurship across new and established organizations. This is confirmed by empirical analysis of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data on early-stage (independent) entrepreneurial activity and entrepreneurial employee behavior. Most comparative international research on entrepreneurship has focused on independent new ventures and has ignored the pursuit of entrepreneurial opportunities within established organizations (intrapreneurship). However, in developed economies the prevalence of entrepreneurial employee behavior is on average found to be in the same order of magnitude as that of independent entrepreneurial activity. At the same time prevalence rates of these two types of entrepreneurship vary substantially between countries. We analyze the allocation of entrepreneurial activity across early-stage independent entrepreneurial activity (entrepreneurship in new organizations) and entrepreneurial employee activity (entrepreneurship in established organizations) in 36 countries, taking into account effects of the level of economic development as well as the formal and informal institutional setting. We find that labor market institutions and the extent to which societies value autonomy affect the allocation of entrepreneurship across new and established organizations.


OBJECTIVE To establish a HPLC method for the determination of mycophenolic acid in human plasma and monitoring mycophenolic acid concentration in renal transplantation patients.METHODS The plasma was mixed with 20 μL H3PO4.Mycophenolic acid was extracted from plasma with ether and nalidixic acid as internal standard.The content of mycophenolic acid was detected by ultraviolet detector at 254 nm with Kromasil 100-5C8(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm) column.The mobile phase consisted of methol-acetonitrile-0.05 mol·L-1KH2PO4(adjusted to pH 2.8 with H3PO4)(12∶38∶50)at a flow rate of 0.5 mL·min-1.The column temperature was 25 ℃.RESULTS The linear range was 0.191~24.45 mg·L-1(r=0.999 8).The lowest determination concentration was 0.191 mg·L-1(S/N=10).The average method recovery was 89.7%~101.5%,and extract recovery was over 85% for the low,middle,high control samples.The relative standard deviation obtained for inter-and intra-assay precisions were less than 10%.The MPA plasma concentration in 83.2% renal transplantation patient was below 2 mg·L-1.CONCLUSION This method is convenient,sensitive and reproducible,suitable for the determination of mycophenolic acid in human plasma for pharmacokinetics and monitoring mycophenolic acid concentration in renal transplantation patient.


People with learning disabilities (LD) from Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) communities report dissatisfaction with some of the services provided to them. This study aimed to explore the views and experiences of service providers in providing social care services to adults with LD from BME communities. Nine interviews were conducted and data analysis was carried out using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The themes from these interviews centred on different complexities regarding service provision, the importance of being open minded as a service provider, looking out for the service user's best interests and the constraints of short term funding. The findings from this study indicated that service provision to BME communities was a challenging and complex process. Nevertheless, service providers still strove to be culturally competent. These findings may be utilised to inform guidelines for supporting social care service providers working with BME communities.


This article presents a summary of a keynote lecture at the Deep Learning Security workshop at IEEE Security and Privacy 2018. This lecture summarizes the state of the art in defenses against adversarial examples and provides recommendations for future research directions on this topic.


The microstructural evolution of a Mo‐10W‐0.5HfC alloy was studied in the temperature range of 298 K to 2200 K. The typical characteristics of the microstructure were curly deformation bands, with nucleation at boundaries and subgrain coalescence. The recrystallization temperature of the Mo‐10W‐0.5HfC alloy was determined to be near 1950 K, which is comparable with 2125 K for W‐4Re‐0.35 HfC and 2000 K for W‐0.35 HfC. Microhardness tests were performed before and after 1 hour of vacuum annealing and the results indicated that the mechanical strength of the Mo‐10W‐0.5HfC alloy was lower than that of either the W‐4Re‐0.35 HfC or the W‐0.35 HfC alloy. X‐ray diffraction and pole figures indicated that this particular alloy exhibits the (110) primary texture and (112) secondary texture which is normally observed in B.C.C. metals such as molybdenum. The creep strength of W‐4Re‐0.35HfC, TZM‐Mo, and W‐25Re‐30Mo were theoretically evaluated and compared at the same stress level. The W‐4Re‐0.35HfC alloy was found to...


Grammatical categories as they appear in Panini's grammar may seem defined in unambiguous ways. However, the boundaries of Panini's categories can be unclear, and especially as we examine the Vedic padapathas and their treatment in the pratiśakhyas, we begin to unearth a long period when many early scholastic traditions were trying out different grammatical formulations and when the understanding of causal factors for euphonic and other transformations was not entirely clear. Different Vedic traditions not only differ from each other, but there is often indecision manifest within a given tradition. The pratiśakhyas openly refer to such ambiguity in the padapathas by using terms like sandeha, samśaya, anyaya, etc. This paper investigates evidence for this early grammatical experimentation.


ABSTRACT This paper investigates the quantised finite-time attitude control for rigid spacecraft in the presence of external disturbance. First, a novel quantiser is designed with the combination and improvement of the traditional hysteresis logarithmic quantiser and hysteresis uniform quantiser, so that the innovative quantiser in this paper has the advantages of both hysteresis and uniform quantisers in ensuring chattering free and acceptable quantisation errors for better transient and steady-state performances. Second, a finite-time controller is synthesised even under disturbances and quantisation errors, and the closed-loop system/state converges to the region near zero in finite time. Finally, the attitude stabilisation and attitude tracking simulation results for the rigid spacecraft are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control strategy.


In this research, sub-region curing and mask DPI modification are used to improve the accuracy of MPSL. Because the curing shrinkage at the discrete region does not cause the shrinkage of the entire resin surface, the accuracy of the RP work piece under sub-regional MPSL can be improved effectively. For the optical system error, the accuracy can be improved through the DPI (Dot per Inch) modification. The research results show that accuracy of work piece less than 12mm can be improved through DPI (Dot per Inch) modification. For the work piece above 16mm, the main method which improves the accuracy can adapt sub-region curing procedure. The combination methods of sub-regional exposure and exposure mask DPI modification can significantly improve the dimensional accuracy of parts, and the overall size of the error of parts can be controlled less than 1%.


The fuzzy logic method is used to describe the judgement process based on the drivers' knowledge and experience. The fuzzy inference rules and the fuzzy algorithm are designed, and the microscopic lane-changing model is established. By comparing the lane-changing times with that of the simulation values under different traffic flows, the effectiveness of the model is validated.


Case relates to a display panel having a display region and a region that, with an array of gate driving circuit, a gate driving circuit comprises an array of multi-stage pre-charge module, in the fanout region for the the gate drive circuit array adjacent two scanning lines are connected to output terminals of two adjacent scan lines corresponding to the output region of the display, each one of said pre-charging module comprises a first TFT, a second TFT , a third TFT, a fourth thin film transistor, a fifth and a sixth thin film transistor TFT.


Abstract Twenty state-owned lakes containing 1,733 acres were opened to public fishing for 1 to 14 years during the period of 1950 to 1964 and provided a total of 13,695 acre-years of fishing. During this 14-year period, a total of 1,844,397 fishermen caught 7,855,325 fish weighing 2,375,788 pounds which included 413,876 largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) weighing 395,222 pounds. These lakes, therefore, provided per acre an annual average of 135 fisherman-trips and a catch of 573 fish weighing 173 pounds including 30 largemouth bass weighing 29 pounds. The highest average catch of 224 pounds per acre occurred during the first year of fishing following opening. The average catch per acre during each of the following 13 years ranged from 151 pounds during the third year to 202 pounds for the fourteenth year. Approximately 7,380,000 visitors, in addition to fishermen, used the lake areas for picnicking, hiking, camping, swimming, and boating. Revenues received from the sale of fishing permits and boat r...


We present a computational geometry method for the problem of triangulation in the plane using measurements of distance-differences. Compared to existing solutions to this well-studied problem, this method is: (a) computationally more efficient and adaptive in that its precision can be controlled as a function of the number of computational operations, making it suitable to low power devices, and (b) robust with respect to measurement and computational errors, and is not susceptible to numerical instabilities typical of existing linear algebraic or quadratic methods. This method employs a binary search on a distance-difference curve in the plane using a second distance- difference as the objective function. We establish the unimodality of the directional derivative of the objective function within each of a small number of suitably decomposed regions of the plane to support the binary search. The computational complexity of this method is O(log2 1/gamma), where the computed solution is guaranteed to be within a gamma-precision region centered at the actual solution. We present simulation results to compare this method with existing DTOA triangulation methods.


X‐ray diffraction has been used to study CdTe layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Cd0.96Zn0.04Te or InSb substrates with either (111) or (001) orientation. The layers are elastically strained up to a critical thickness, above which misfit dislocations are generated. Our experimental determinations of the critical thickness and the relaxation of the stress while increasing the layer thickness are different from predictions of the existing models. We present a discussion of relaxation based on the determination of the minimum energy state of the layer for a given thickness. We show that above the critical thickness, the layer relaxes so that the product of the stress by the thickness remains constant. This constant has been experimentally determined for both (111) and (001) orientation.


The exopolysaccharide containing selenium (Se-PSP) of Porphyridium sp. was isolated from the algal solution in which H2SeO3 was appended. Selenium with exopolysaccharide was investigated by means of the methods of DAN fluorescence and IR spectrum .The antitumor activities of Se-PSP and PSP in vitro and in vivo were studied with MTT and animal experiments . According to the results of DAN fluorescence and IR spectrum, its structure was similar to that of non-selenlium exopolysaccharide of Porphyridium sp. (PSP). Se-content of Se-PSP was 0.015 mg/g±0.05 mg/g. We also studied the effects of different concentrations of Se-PSP on growth of in vitro cells and found 40 mg/L, 80 mg/L Se-PSP could inhibit multiplication of 7721 and change the cells' shape, 100mg/(kg·d )Se-PSP can postphone the form of cancer and prolong the life span of mice but the same concentration PSP couldn't do so. Se-PSP can become a new antitumor medication.


The disclosure relates generally to methods and compositions of treating or preventing diabetes mellitus by administering to a subject a composition comprising an amount of stem and/or progenitor cells and at least one antigen-specific therapy.


Emission spectrometry in the atmospheric pressure discharge was carried out to understand reaction mechanisms of active species, as the discharge plasma processing is significantly influenced by the gas components. The N/sub 2/ second positive band (SPB), the N/sub 2/ first negative band (FNB) and the NO-/spl gamma/ band were investigated using a digital controlled spectrometer and an ICCD camera. When dielectric pellets were placed between a needle-plate type electrode, these emissions decreased along with the electrode axis. In the positive streamer discharges of needle-plate electrodes, high-energy electrons were mainly produced around the tip of the needle electrode leading to the N/sub 2/ first negative band. When the discharge energy exceeded a certain value, the intensity of the N/sub 2/ first negative band increased, compared to other bands. This is due to the presence of high-energy electrons below the needle electrode and on the dielectric plate. The emission spectrum observation with time resolution allowed us to conclude that the N/sub 2/ second positive band emission and that of N/sub 2/ first negative band emission were extinguished within 200 ns, while that of NO-/spl gamma/ band continued for more than 3 /spl mu/s. This could be due to a difference in the mechanisms of light emission. N/sub 2/ second positive band and N/sub 2/ first negative band were excited by electron collisions, while NO-/spl gamma/ band was energized by collisions of N/sub 2/(A)-state molecules. Distribution of NO molecules in the corona discharge or the barrier discharge was obtained from a decay constant of NO-/spl gamma/ band emission. NO could be decomposed by a reducing reaction at the tip of the needle in the corona discharge. On the contrary, NO could be decomposed by a reducing reaction around the plate electrode in the barrier discharge.


In order to ensure sustainable milk production and comparison of results, it is important to be able to calculate the unit cost of milk production (unit price). As there is no uniform methodology for calculating milk production and full unit cost, companies themselves have tried to develop suitable methodologies which unfortunately have given incomparable results. This uncertainty prevails in the use of topical concepts. This article investigates dairy output unit cost calculation principles in use in Estonia within the framework of a case study, and offers possible solutions for their harmonisation. This issue has become important in Estonia due to the fall in purchase prices on the dairy market.


OF THE UNITED STATES tbls. 74–76 (2000), http://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/ statab/sec01.pdf (on file with the Iowa Law Review). 30. See ADHERENTS.COM, LARGEST RELIGIOUS GROUPS IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 3, at http://www.adherents.com/rel_USA.html, (referring to the ARIS survey, which is available at http://www.gc.cuny.edu/studies/aris_idex.htm) (on file with the Iowa Law Review). SCHWEMM-PP.DOC 11/10/2004 3:05 PM SENIORS AND THE FAIR HOUSING ACT 129 o Lutheran: 9.6 million (4.6%); o Presbyterian: 6.0 million (2.7%); o Other Protestants: 44.5 million (21.6%); • Judaism: 2.8 million (1.3%); • Islam: 1.1 million (0.5%); • Buddhism: 1.1 million (0.5%); • Other beliefs: about 15 million (8%); and • Nonreligious/Secular: 27.5 million (13.2%). Of all the FHA-relevant characteristics, disability status is the one most dramatically associated with old age. According to the 2000 Census, 49.7 million Americans have some type of "long lasting condition or disability," which represents 19.3% of the relevant population studied (i.e., people who were age 5-and-older in the civilian non-institutionalized population). Not surprisingly, the census data show both that a disproportionate number of these disabled persons are elderly and that, as people grow older, they are increasingly likely to have a disability. 31. Id. at 3, 7. Other sources and surveys yield somewhat different figures, id. at 2–19, and there seem to be particular disputes as to the number of Jews and Muslims. Id. at 6–7 (citing other sources concluding that the number of Jews is 5.5 to 5.6 million and the number of Muslims is 2.8 to 4.1 million). Whether these percentages hold true for the 65-and-over population and whether this age group is likely to reflect similar religious divisions in the future are issues about which we have been unable to find reliable sources. 32. See JUDITH WALDROP & SHARON M. STERN, U.S. DEP'T OF COMMERCE, DISABILITY STATUS: 2000, at 1 (Mar. 2003), http://www.census.gov/prod/2003pubs/c2kbr-17.pdf [hereinafter CENSUS 2000: DISABILITY STATUS] (on file with the Iowa Law Review). The 2000 Census's focus on a "long lasting condition or disability" differs somewhat from the FHA's definition of "handicap," see infra note 115, which, like other federal antidiscrimination laws dealing with disability, includes persons with "a physical or mental impairment which substantially limits one or more [of such person's] major life activities." See 29 U.S.C. § 705(9)(B) (2000) (providing the "disability" definition in the 1973 Rehabilitation Act); 42 U.S.C. § 12102(2) (2000) (providing the "disability" definition in the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act). Thus, it might be thought that the 2000 Census figures overstate the number of persons who are protected from disability discrimination by the FHA, but in fact the opposite is probably true for two reasons. First, shortly before publication of the 2000 Census reports on disability, the Census Bureau published a study, based on 1997 data, whose definition of disability was intended to closely track the definition of this term under the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (and therefore under the FHA). See JACK MCNEIL, U.S. DEP'T OF COMMERCE, AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES: 1997 (Feb. 2001), http://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/p70-73.pdf [hereinafter 1997 DISABILITIES] (on file with the Iowa Law Review). This study produced figures that were similar to those reported in the 2000 Census. See, e.g., id. at 1 (stating that 52.6 million people (19.7% of the population) had some level of disability and 33.0 million (12.3% of the population) had a severe disability). Second, the class of persons protected by the FHA extends beyond those who have a disability to include also persons who have "a record of" being disabled or are "regarded as" being disabled, see 42 U.S.C. § 3602(h), and in addition to those who reside or are associated with a disabled buyer or renter. See id. 3604(f)(1), (2)(2000). 33. Indeed, the 2000 Census data probably understate the degree of disability in the elderly population, because they consider only non-institutionalized persons, see CENSUS 2000: SCHWEMM-PP.DOC 11/10/2004 3:05 PM 130 90 IOWA LAW REVIEW [2004] The 2000 Census identified five distinct types of non-work related disabilities. For each of these, people 65-and-over were much more likely than those in the "working" age group (16–64) to have such a disability, as follows: • sensory disability involving sight or hearing: 14.2% (of the 65and-over population) vs. 2.3% (of the 16–64 age group); • condition limiting basic physical activities such as walking: 28.6% vs. 6.2%; • physical, mental, or emotional condition causing difficulty in learning, remembering, or concentrating: 10.8% vs. 3.8%; • physical, mental, or emotional condition causing difficulty in dressing, bathing, or getting around inside the home: 9.5% vs. 1.8%; and, • condition making it difficult to go outside the home to shop or visit a doctor: 20.4% vs. 6.4%. Disabilities are common within the senior population and their incidence grows steadily with advancing age. According to the 2000 Census, 42% of those 65-and-over (almost 14 million persons) have a disability, whereas the comparable figure is 16% for the 5–64 age group. The proportion of persons needing personal assistance also rises steadily with age, being: • 5.9% for those in the 55–64 age group; • 8.1% for those 65–69; • 10.5% for those 70–74; • 16.9% for those 75–79; and, • 34.9% for those 80 years and over. Thus, while old age is not per se a disability, it is clear that the likelihood of having a disability rises as people grow more elderly and that surviving to an DISABILITY STATUS, supra note 32, at 2, and a substantial number of the 65-and-over age group is institutionalized (over 1.5 million persons making up about 4.5% of this age group, see CENSUS 2000: 65 YEARS AND OVER, supra note 13, at tbl. 8), presumably mostly for health-related reasons. 34. These five disabilities and the number of persons and percentage of the population suffering such a disability were: (1) a sensory disability involving sight or hearing (9.3 million persons, amounting to 3.6% of the overall relevant population); (2) a condition limiting basic physical activities such as walking (21.2 million persons, or 8.2%); (3) a physical, mental, or emotional condition causing difficulty in learning, remembering, or concentrating (12.4 million persons, or 4.8%); (4) a physical, mental, or emotional condition causing difficulty in dressing, bathing, or getting around inside the home (6.8 million persons, or 2.6%); and (5) a condition making it difficult to go outside the home to shop or visit a doctor (18.2 million persons, or 8.6%). CENSUS 2000: DISABILITY STATUS, supra note 32, at 1–2. The figures add up to more than the total number of disabled persons, because some individuals have conditions that qualify for more than one of the categories.


E-mail: email@example.com Background: There is no standard of therapy for diabetic optic neuropathy (DON) which takes into consideration the type and stage of the disease. Purpose: To assess the clinical efficacy of combined adjunct treatment with thioctic acid, a combination of vitamins В1, В6, and В12, ethyl methyl hydroxypyridine succinate, citicoline and brimonidine tartrate in the management of advanced-stage axial DON. Materials and Methods: Forty patients (63 eyes) were followed up after being diagnosed with advanced-stage axial DON. The adjunct group was composed of 20 patients (31 eyes) who were administered two courses a year of the following treatment as a combined adjunct to hypoglycemic therapy: 1) a 600 mg intramuscular injection of thioctic acid (Berlithion), daily for 21 days, followed by switching to oral regimen, at a dose of one 300 mg tablet twice a day for 21 days, (2) a 2 ml intramuscular injection of Milgamma, once per 3 days for 21 days, followed by switching to oral regimen, one tablet thrice a day for 21 days, (3) a 100 mg intramuscular injection of ethyl methyl hydroxypyridine succinate (Armadine), twice a day for 14 days, and (4) a 500-mg intravenous bolus of citicoline (Ceraxon), twice a day for 14 days, followed by switching to oral regimen, 500 mg daily for a month. In addition, they were administered topical brimonidine tartrate 0.2%, 1-2 drops twice a day on a constant basis. The control group (20 patients; 32 eyes) received hypoglycemic therapy only. In addition to routine eye examination, retinal and optic nerve optical coherence tomography and electrophysiology were performed. Patients underwent an examination at baseline and 1.5, 6, 7.5, 12, 13.5, 24 and 25.5 months after treatment. Results: The combined adjunct treatment was found to result in improvements in study indices in 83.9% of patients of the adjunct group, with 191% better visual acuity (p < 0.05), 235.0% lower electrically evoked phosphene thresholds (p < 0.05), 38.5% less ganglion cell complex (GCC) focal loss volume (FLV), and 36.5% less thickness of the lamina cribrosa compared to controls at 25.5 months. Conclusion: Our combination treatment was found to be clinically efficacious in improving structural and functional characteristics of the optic nerve in patients with advanced-stage axial DON.


This article summarizes the high risk factors and the progress of prevention in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.It is beneficial for early intervention and reducing the morbidity and mortality of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.

Key words:
Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis;  High risk factors;  Prevention;  Infant, newborn


The presence of local government leaders who come from all walks of life have an impact on local government for various regions headed by regional heads who have different backgrounds and different ways to manage the region . The purpose of this study is to demonstrate empirically a significant difference in the performance of local government in PAD growth, PDRB growth, poverty, and the Human Development Index, led by entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs. The study sample consisted of 110 local governments in Sumatra, 27 led by local government headed by entrepreneurs and 83 led by local government headed by non-entrepreneurs. Data were analyzed using SPSS. The results showed that: (a) There is no significant difference in the performance of local government in PAD growth among local governments are led by entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs. (b) There is no significant difference in the performance of local government in PDRB growth between the local government led by entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs. (c) There is a significant difference in the performance of local government in poverty levels between local government led by entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs. (d) There is a significant difference in the performance of local governments on the Human Development Index among the local government, led by entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs. Keywords : Performance of Local Government, Entrepreneur, Non-Entrepreneur Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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SUMMARY State Geodetic Adminsitration (SGA) of Republic of Croatia obliged to establish Multipurpose Spatial Information System (MSIS) fostering national needs for efficient and rationale use of spatial data produced by governmental bodies and private sector. Establishment of MSIS anticipates development of national databases for the products in the responsibility of the SGA and their connection into a unique information system that will allow the users to use the data effectively and expand them by their attribute data. Number of databases in SGA have been developed for this purpose and as a next step development and establishment of a SGA Geoportal has been contracted. The mentioned contract represents first step in Geoportal development and inculdes development of five databases, creating functionalities among them, data distribution system through the Internet. Through Geoportal the data submitted by SGA will become available gradually from the second half of the year 2006 to users and public by means of public pages on Internet. Present achievements, techical specifications and functionalities as well as importance of this activites are described in this paper.


A sensitivity analysis of a point kernel code was performed to investigate
 the effect of mesh division of a volume source on the radiation flux at
 points of interest. The QAD-CGGP, known as a representative point kernel
 code, was employed for a series of calculations and these calculation results
 compared with the reference data obtained from the MCNP5-1.60 code. The
 spherical volume source widely used in radiation shielding was also
 considered in this work and the mesh division along the radius was performed
 in two ways (regular and irregular). In addition, an approximate equation was
 defined to correct the significant error that occurs as an outcome of the
 point source assumption. As a result, in the case of a regular mesh division,
 a minimum mesh size of 1 cm is required to produce accurate results in
 comparison to the MCNP ones, while in the other instance, a half-level mesh
 division is sufficient to obtain the same result from the standpoint of the
 level of accuracy. In addition, by introducing the approximate equation
 presented in this paper, a significant error resulting from the point source
 assumption is exponentially reduced from a maximum of ~30% to a maximum of
 ~11%. Therefore, it is to be expected that the appropriate level of mesh
 division is required so as to increase the accuracy of the calculation using
 a point kernel method.


Purpose – We adopt a relational approach to analyse how accounting technologies are implicated in transforming public values of the UK tax authority. Design/methodology/approach – We combine governmentality (Foucault, 1979; Miller & Rose, 2008) and Actor-Network Theory (Latour, 1987) to explain the complex relationships through which (non)human actors interact with accounting technologies and (re)shape public values. Using a critical ethnographic approach based on interviews, documents and secondary survey data, we critically engage with the relational processes that give shape to hegemonic beliefs and inequalities in power and social status. Findings – We demonstrate how accounting technologies were implicated in transforming public values in the tax authority. Through a gradual change process, the tax authority became a dehumanised, disempowering and ineffective organisation through frequent (re)allocation of workers, increased dependence on ICT, and close surveying, assessing and sanctioning by performance management systems. We show that adopting a relational approach is key to identifying what is 'valuable' and how public sector organisations can become 'value-able'. Research limitations/implications – The number of participant interviews were limited because gaining access to tax authority workers proved extremely difficult. Practical and social implications – The findings highlight the role and implications of accounting technologies, capable of (dis)empowering bureaucrats, (re)shaping their relationships with citizens and public values of the UK tax authority. Originality/value – We go beyond limited structuralist and managerialist approaches to publicness by focusing on relational processes through which multiple stakeholders give shape to public values and the ways in which accounting technologies mediate their interactions in everyday practice.


Abstract The bainite start temperature B s is defined as the highest temperature at which ferrite can transform by a displacive transformation. A common observation is that the bainite start temperature is very sensitive to the chemical composition, indicating that the influence of solutes is more than just thermodynamic. Empirical linear regression models have long been used to calculate the B s in a limited range of compositions. This paper attempts to create an empirical model of wider applicability and higher accuracy by means of neural networks. The results are compared with those calculated using the thermodynamic theory for bainite transformation, revealing that in general this theory agrees with the experimental results, but some discrepancies can still be found when the alloys are heavily alloyed.


The rise of China as a great power draws international attention to a fundamental question of "a rising China will attempt to create a new international normative order?" It raises a question of whether a rising China will continue to comply with the existing liberal values and international norms which are dominant in the Western-led international society or China will actively suggest and promote new values and norms which it prefers in international relations. In order to understand Chinese internal views on the question, this article examines the Chinese intellectual debate on China`s role in the international normative order and global governance. It explores the perceptual differences among Chinese intellectuals engaged in the debate and their implications.


COSTA, K. R. C. Phenotypic and molecular aspects of adhesion and enzymatic activity of Candida sp recovered from patients with clinical signs of oral candidiasis. 2009. 122 f. Thesis (Doctoral Degree) – Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 2009. The wide spectrum of candidiasis and its clinical importance encourage the research with the purpose of clarifying the mecanisms of pathogenicity and identification of virulence factors of Candida sp. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify through phenotypic and molecular assays the adhesion, enzymatic activity e genetic variability of clinical C. albicans and C. tropicalis isolates. The adhesion ability to the extracellular matrix glycoproteins laminin and fibronectin was evaluated using the ELISA technique (Enzyme-linked imunosorbent assay). The research of proteases was carried out in agar plate containing bovine albumin and through a quantitative method in buffer solution containing hemoglobin. The presence of ALS2, ALS3, SAP1, SAP3 and PLB1 was verified using polimerase chain reaction (PCR) and intra and interespecies polimorphisms through Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. All C. albicans and C. tropicalis isolates binded to immobilized laminin and fibronectin. Ca33 and Ct13 isolates had relative adhesion index significantly higher than the other isolates for both glycoproteins (p < 0,001). Protease activity was observed in all isolates of C. albicans using either the semiquantitative or quantitative assay. The protease activity of C. tropicalis was better detected through the quantitative assay. The amplification of genes related to adhesion (ALS2 and ALS3), proteases (SAP1 and SAP3) and phospholipase (PLB1) activity using PCR was observed in all C. albicans strains. PCR amplification products were not observed in C. tropicalis isolates for the researched genes. The genetic variability by RAPD revealed an heterogeneous population in both species. Nevertheless, C. tropicalis presented higher genetic variability than C. albicans strains.


In order to construct a fuzzy control system, the membership functions for linguistic variables must be identified and the fuzzy control rules must be derived. However, such information heavily depends on expert knowledge which is not always available. Our research intended to develop a general methodology for designing fuzzy logic controller. In our previous work, a methodology of designing fuzzy logic controllers is proposed. This methodology uses the linear combination concept for fuzzy control rules in multilayer feedforward neural networks to implement fuzzy reasoning and computing processes. However, the behavior of fuzzy rules may not always be truly represented by a linear function of the input variables, and thus in certain cases, the learning process may become slow, or even diverge. The basic idea of this paper is to use linear combinations of exponential functions of input variables, instead of only linear functions of input variables, in the consequences of fuzzy rules. In so doing, not only can exponential functions introduce nonlinearity into the representation of fuzzy rules, but also a new parameter freedom will be included to identify the major behavior of fuzzy rules. The result shows that such an approach indeed has better learning ability than an original neural-network-based fuzzy logic controller does. A fuzzy car system is used to demonstrate the robust performance of the proposed control scheme. Computer simulation shows that the resultant neural-network-based fuzzy logic controller can work well not only for the learned patterns but also for unfamiliar patterns.<<ETX>>


Background: Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a clinical and morphological phenomenon characterized by specific microvascular injury, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and damage of various target organs. TMA after kidney transplantation (post-renal transplant TMA) is a serious complication affecting the recipient and graft survival.Aim: To analyze the timing, causes, specifics of the clinical course and outcomes of TMA in renal transplant recipients.Materials and methods: This one-center study was based on a comprehensive examination and follow-up of 697 patients who had undergone 728 kidney transplantations (KT) from deceased donors in 2003–2019. Post-transplant TMA of the renal graft was confirmed morphologically in all cases.Results: We identified 32 episodes of post-transplant TMA in 32 patients; thus, the incidence of TMA was 4.4%. All cases developed after KT de novo; no recurrent TMA was observed. TMA was systemic in 37.5% and locally renal in 62.5% of the patients. The median time to the development of post-transplant TMA was 0.55 (range, 0.1 to 51.6) months. The patients with TMA did not differ from those without by gender, age, body mass index, underlying disorders, type and duration of dialysis before KT, protocols of immunosuppressive therapy, incidence of surgical, urological, infectious, cardiovascular and oncological complications. The patients with TMA were significantly more likely to have graft rejection (25.0% vs 11.2%, p = 0.035) and a never-functioning transplant (28.1% vs 4.9%, p < 0.001). The presence of TMA negatively affected the transplantation outcomes. The cumulative 1-year graft survival in the patients without and with TMA was 91% and 44%, respectively, whereas their 5-year survival rates were 68% and 25% (p < 0.001). The leading causes of TMA were: donor pathology (31.2%), antibody-mediated rejection (28.1%), and cyclosporine/tacrolimus nephrotoxicity (21.9%); the proportion of other causes was 18.8%. A combination of TMA etiological factors was identified in 68.7% of the recipients. The recipients with of calcineurin inhibitors nephrotoxicity had a more favorable prognosis compared to those with other causes of TMA.Conclusion: Post-renal transplant TMA is an infrequent but serious complication that worsens the graft survival and often is life-threatening for recipients. In most cases, TMA develops in the early post-operative period; however, it can occur any time thereafter. To improve the outcome of TMA, early diagnosis is necessary based on clinical suspicion and a prompt biopsy of the renal graft with suspected TMA. Treatment should be started quickly with consideration of the cause of the complication.


Perfluorobutylperoxyl radicals were produced by pulse radiolysis of aerated solutions of perfluorobutyl iodide. The rate constants for reaction of this radical with several organic reductants, chlorpromazine, trolox, hydroquinone, and several other phenols, were determined in various solvents and were found to be in the range of 10{sup 5}-10{sup 9} M{sup {minus}1} s{sup {minus}1}. By comparison with other haloalkylperoxyl radicals, C{sub 4}F{sub 9}OO{sup {sm bullet}} was found to be a much more powerful oxidant, whose reactions took place more rapidly and were less sensitive to solvent and substituent effects. The rate constants (k) for oxidation of a series of para-substituted phenols by C{sub 4}F{sub 9}OO{sup {sm bullet}} gave a good linear correlation between log k and the electrophilic substituent constant {sigma}{sup +}, with a slope of {rho}{sup +} = {minus}2.3, indicating formation of a positively charged transition state. Parallel experiments with CCl{sub 3}OO{sup {sm bullet}} were limited to the most reactive phenols and gave a higher slope, {rho}{sup +} = {minus}3.3. The rates of reaction of C{sub 4}F{sub 9}OO{sup {sm bullet}} with trolox and chlorpromazine were found to depend on solvent viscosity, but much less on solvent polarity and acid-base properties, probably because they were closer to the diffusion-controlled limit. Themore » longer chain C{sub 10}F{sub 21}OO{sup {sm bullet}} was somewhat less reactive than C{sub 4}F{sub 9}OO{sup {sm bullet}} because of geometric factors.« less


This article examines the consequences of different representations of the Holocaust for intergroup relations, focusing on the role of acknowledgment of different groups' fate that is inherent in these construals. Holocaust representations have become increasingly universal. Research on recategorization suggests prosocial outcomes of such superordinate representations. However, among minority groups, acknowledging both superordinate and subgroup identities may be crucial in order to prevent backlash. An experimental study among Jewish and non-Jewish participants (N = 163) was conducted to test these ideas. As hypothesized, prosocial responses to outgroup victims of collective violence and acknowledgment of their suffering increased among Jewish participants when both a superordinate categorization of the Holocaust and subgroup (Jewish) fate were presented, compared to when only one of these categorizations were used. Conversely, different categorizations did not affect outcomes among the control group. Practical implications for intergroup relations and memorialization in the aftermath of genocide are discussed.


Within the framework of the TELTEN project, the missions and organisation of public authorities and infrastructure operators responsible for traffic management on the TERN have been investigated and characterised in relation to Transport Telematics. Starting from the missions of the infrastructure operators from a national point of view, the paper describes how ATT (Advanced Transport Telematics) solutions can support and integrate, at the TERN level, the necessary operators' organisation to ensure to the drivers the continuity of services on the TERN. Suitable architecture deployment and cost figures are also considered. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 868006.


The present invention relates to polymerizable compounds, processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, the use thereof for optical, optoelectronic and electronic purposes, in particular having a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal (LC) medium and blue phase liquid crystal display, and in the liquid crystal medium for a PS or the PSA ( "polymer stabilized" or "polymer sustained alignment") type liquid crystal display device in use, and also relates to a liquid medium and liquid crystal displays comprising these compounds.


A new formulation of the eigenvalue problem obtained with the old mode matching or transverse resonance method for mode-field calculations in dielectric waveguides is presented. The formulation is numerically stable for a large class of waveguides of practical importance, and vector mode fields may be calculated much faster and more accurately than with sophisticated methods like finite element methods. NE of the oldest numerical techniques used for 0 calculation of mode fields in dielectric waveguides is that of mode matching (MM) [1]-[41, also developed for ridge waveguides as the transverse resonance method or the equivalent network method [4]-[7]. The main attraction of the method is that it is straightforward. The full vector modes of dielectric waveguides can be computed with the method, and semivectorial and scalar approximations emerge in a particularly transparent manner, as does also the widely used effective index approximation [3]. For very simple waveguide geometries like rectangular guides or symmetric rib guides the method is known to produce accurate mode field distributions with very small computational effort [41, 151. The method has a reputation for not living up to its promises when generalized to more practical geometries. The cause of this reputation and how to obtain a formulation that delivers as promised for general waveguide cross sections is the subject of this contribution. Only the essential final equations are presented here, and the reader is referred to [81 for details. the formulation, thus "mode matching" is a more appropriate term than "transverse resonance" for describing the method. First, let us talk about notation. We consider the waveguide to be a sandwich of "slices" numbered m = 1 , 2 . . . M . Each slice is considered to be cut from a film waveguide with film layers numbered n = 1 , 2 . . . N . It is therefore meaningful to use the label m for the whole film waveguide that slice no. m is cut from as well. Layer no. n in slice or film no. m has index of refraction d m s n ) and relative permittivity = n(m,n)2 . We choose our x-axis parallel to the film layers and perpendicular to the slice interfaces, our y-axis perpendicular to the film layers and parallel to the film slice interfaces, and our z-axis along the waveguide, parallel to the layers and slices. Let c be the speed of light, w the angular frequency, A, the corresponding wavelength, and k , the corresponding angular repetency in vacuum, so that k , = w / c = 2n-/A0. Let the thickness of layer n be d y ) and the position of the interface between layer n 1 and n be y'") , so that d p ) = y ( n + ') y'") . Similarly, let the thickness of film slice m be d!") and the slice interface positions be at dm), so that d:"' = dm+') x(*). The relative permittivity in film m is ~ ( * ) ( y ) = dm,n) for y ( " ) < y < Y ( ~ + ' ) . The waveguide mode field in slice no. m is expanded in TEand TM-modes (or just scalar modes if the guide is weak) of the corresponding film, and each mode field component can be expressed as exp [i( w t k,z)] times


The invention discloses a separation method of a chiral medicament by applying protein functionalized magnetic nano-particles. The method comprises the following steps: (1) modifying the surfaces of superparamagnetic particles by adopting a physical adsorption method; (2) loading protein with chiral identification effect; and (3) mixing protein-modified superparamagnetic nano-particle aqueous solution and a chiral medicament racemic aqueous solution at a volume ratio of 1:1, adsorbing, and performing magnetic separation, wherein the supernatant is liquid containing the separation product of one enantiomer, and the superparamagnetic particle adsorbate is the separation product of the other enantiomer. The method is simple to operate, and has mild condition, short reaction time, and large protein immobilization capacity; the medicament identification capability of the protein is maintained; and the optical purity of the product is remarkably increased.


In this study, a PVC membrane electrode was modified by a derivative of lawason that is a neutral ionophore for Cd (II) determination in alloy and wastewater as real samples. The modified electrode showed a linear electrochemical response to Cd (II) concentration between 5.0×10−8 to 1.5×10−1 molL-1 (LOD = 2.51×10−8 molL-1). In selecting and determining the level of an effective composite of the membrane, the highest results were achieved in the membrane composition 33% PVC, 64.0% TEHP, 1.5% NaTPB, and 1.5% ionophore. The time it takes for the response to reach its maximum and remain stable at this electrode is very favorable (response time < 12 s). The responses of the electrode in consecutive uses for two months did not deviate significantly. In investigating the disturbance of other ions and compounds in the measurement of cadmium, the designed electrode had a very good selectivity for cadmium. The best conditions for measuring cadmium with this electrode are in an acidic environment (pH range of 2.8–6.5). In this research, potentiometric titration with the use of chromate as titrant was used in water and alloy samples.


The paper is devoted to a method for topographic anatomic validation of a forensic medical evaluation of the status of the brain median structures in craniocerebral injury. Morphometric data are presented characterizing dislocation of the brain median structures in edema.


Phosphorus and COD content in 11 kinds of local laundry powder commonly used by consumers is tested,finding out the load value of phosphorus and COD,so as to estimate the total amount of phosphorus and COD pollution load of Chinese laundry powder used by consummers in 2000-2007.The results show that the average load value of phosphorus and COD is 0.009±0.019 and 0.34±0.391(w/w) respectively and About 45.5% of the tested laundry power labeled with "phosphorus free" cannot meet the Chinese National Standard toward the laundry powder;based on the above analytical results,it is estimated that the annual pollution load for phosphorus and COD is 1.616×104 t and 86.14×104 t respectively and what's more,the pollution load shows an ever escalating trend year by year with increasing rate of 180.15% and 198.27% for phosphorus and COD respectively.Obviously the powder detergents-induced pollution should arouse more attention by consumers.


Based on material deposited in a Colombian entomological collection, new records from northern South America (Colombia and Venezuela) are presented for eight species of Gerridae (Insecta, Hemiptera, Heteroptera). The species belong to the genera Brachymetra Mayr, 1865 (Charmatometrinae); Limnogonus Stål, 1868; Neogerris Matsumura, 1913 (Gerrinae, Gerrini); Tachygerris Drake, 1957 (Gerrinae, Tachygerrini); Metrobates Uhler, 1871 (Trepobatinae, Metrobatini); and Telmatometra Bergroth, 1908 (Trepobatinae, Trepobatini). Photographs of the habitus of adults and distribution maps are also presented for each species.


Agreement between the United States and Suriname on the assignment of Peace Corps volunteers to perform mutually agreed tasks in the Republic of Suriname. Paramaribo, 12 October 1994 and 5 January 1995


The European Space Agency has launched with greta success a series of geostationary meteorological satellites and of remote sensing polar orbiters. The plans include the continuation of those missions by flying or preparing enhanced and innovative instruments on ENVISAT, MSG and METOP platforms, which will be followed by the Earth Watch and Earth Explorers missions as from the next decade.


A simple empirical equation is presented to relate the drain current to drain-source and gate-source voltages of the high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). This equation covers the entire ID/VDS characteristics. The accuracy of this equation is better than the theoretically developed separate equations.