By deregulating the countries' electricity industry, the market players must adapt their performance to the deregulated environment. In this article, a risk-based stochastic optimization framework is proposed to model the participation of distribution system operator (DSO) in distribution expansion planning (DEP) problems in the presence of electricity wholesale multimarkets. Based on the proposed methodology in this article, the DSOs will be able to invest in the DEP by taking the benefits and imposed risks of the existing electricity multimarkets, i.e., forward contract, day-ahead, and balancing markets, to manage the risks of long-term uncertainties. The DSOs, who are the only retail suppliers in a specific region, can cover their DEP costs by offering fair retail prices to the retail consumers. Besides, DSOs could form diverse long- and short-term portfolios from the different electricity markets to procure the forecasted real loads and loss power of the network over the planning horizon. The diverse portfolio of the suppliers and a fair retail price can satisfy the DSOs to consider the multimarkets in the DEP process. Furthermore, the risk of uncertainties is modeled using the method of conditional value at risk (CVaR). Based on the obtained results, the DSO can reduce network loss costs by procuring power from markets rather than increasing the installed branches' ampacity by considering multimarkets and market price uncertainties. Besides, the obtained profit of DSO is increased by 12.16% in the proposed electricity multimarket environment.


Statin therapy appears to be associated with a reduced risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). There is reason to suspect that this protection reflects a reduction in plasma tissue factor (TF) carried by leukocyte-derived microparticles, and possibly also a decrease in hypoxia-evoked P-selectin expression in venular endothelium. The ability of statins to down-regulate NADPH oxidase activity by opposing the isoprenylation of Rac1 and RhoA may be a key mediator of these effects, inasmuch as this activity can promote expression of both TF and P-selectin. Conversely, there is reason to believe that the increased risk for DVT associated with metabolic syndrome may reflect PKC-mediated activation of NADPH oxidase. These considerations suggest that the impact of pharmaceutical inhibitors of NADPH oxidase on stasis-evoked venous thrombosis in animal models should be evaluated. In light of recent evidence that biliverdin and phycobilins may have clinical potential as safe inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, resolution of these issues may be of some practical importance. Statin Therapy Reduces Risk for Deep Vein Thrombosis Several, though not all, epidemiological studies examining the impact of statin usage on risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) conclude that statins are protective in this regard. This protection was not observed in subjects using other lipid-lowering agents, suggesting that it was not mediated by serum lipid reduction (or hyperlipidemia) per se. One such study stratified their results by type of statin and found that simvastatin has a potent dose-dependent impact on DVT, whereas no such benefit was observed with pravastatin (which is water-soluble and thus has poor intracellular uptake). The protection associated with statin use appears to be relatively robust – adjusted odds ratios or relative hazards were calculated ranging from 0.30 to 0.78; thus, it may be quite worthwhile to understand the mechanism responsible for this phenomenon. Although one study failed to find an association between statin use and DVT risk, the statistical power of this study has been questioned. Thus, it seems likely that statin therapy does indeed decrease risk for DVT. What could be the basis for this effect? Deep vein thrombosis is mechanistically quite different from arterial thrombosis. In the latter, thrombi form after the endothelial barrier is disrupted, exposing the contents of the blood to the sub-endothelial space; this contains collagen and von Willibrand factor – which activate platelets as well as cell-bound tissue factor (TF), activator of the


The principle of monitoring the rotating error of a machine tool main shaft by a computer is discussed. The factors of influencing the measuring accuracy of the rotating error are analyzed. It is pointed out that the mounting off center and the shape error of detecting elements are main influence factors. In the paper, the influence of them is eliminated by Fourier transform and wave filtering, therefore the more precise rotating error can be obtained.


With the death of Justice Antonin Scalia in February 2016, the U.S. Supreme Court lost one of its most brilliant and controversial justices, and "Oxfordians" lost one of the most distinguished figures ever to support the theory that Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford (1550-1604), was the true author of the works published under the name "William Shakespeare."What is even more interesting, and not especially well known among lawyers, legal scholars, or otherwise, is that Justice Scalia was only one of several Supreme Court justices to embrace Oxfordian, or at least "non-Stratfordian" views, on the Shakespeare authorship question (SAQ). "Stratfordian" refers to the prevailing orthodox theory that the author was William Shakspere (as his name was spelled in birth and death records) of Stratford-upon-Avon (1564-1616). Oxfordians (and other non-Stratfordians, some of whom favor other possible authorship candidates) believe that "Shakespeare" was a pseudonym for the true author.Justice Scalia's 30-year tenure on the Supreme Court coincides with an Oxfordian (or non-Stratfordian) era in which as many as five (and possibly more) justices have embraced such unorthodox views about the authorship of what many view as the greatest canon of literary work in human history.


Projeto TAMAR/IBAMA (TAMAR) has been actively involved in sea turtle conservation in Brazil for the past 25 years and currently operates a network of 21 research stations in 9 states distributed along 1,100 km of coastline. TAMAR's combination of research efforts has successfully reduced the number of threats facing the five species of sea turtle that nest or forage along Brazil's coast and oceanic islands (Marcovaldi & Marcovaldi 1999).


1. Results:In the last of this part, the author wrote "(4 vs 15%)" . I suggest you had better delete it, as it is hard to understand when others read the paper for the first time.


In this lecture we describe the interaction between a laser beam and the helical structure of the heliconical cholesteric phase. We show that strong optical reorientation is possible in this case differently from planar cholesterics where the observation orientational optical nonlinearities are prevented by the helical structure. The key factor allowing the efficient coupling between the optical field and the liquid crystal director is the bend distortion of the heliconical phase, that can be easily modulated by the light beam. We discuss here and present the most recent results related to light induced pitch tuning and optical modulation of light polarization in heliconical cholesterics.


A hardware and software environment for shared control of telerobot task execution has been implemented. Modes of task execution range from fully teleoperated to fully autonomous as well as shared where hand controller inputs from the human operator are mixed with autonomous system inputs in real time. The objective of the shared control environment is to aid the telerobot operator during task execution by merging real-time operator control from hand controllers with autonomous control to simplify task execution for the operator. The operator is the principal command source and can assign as much autonomy for a task as desired. The shared control hardware environment consists of two PUMA 560 robots, two 6-axis force reflecting hand controllers, Universal Motor Controllers for each of the robots and hand controllers, a SUN4 computer, and VME chassis containing 68020 processors and input/output boards. The operator interface for shared control, the User Macro Interface (UMI), is a menu driven interface to design a task and assign the levels of teleoperated and autonomous control. The operator also sets up the system monitor which checks safety limits during task execution. Cartesian-space degrees of freedom for teleoperated and/or autonomous control inputs are selected within UMI as well as the weightings for the teleoperation and autonmous inputs. These are then used during task execution to determine the mix of teleoperation and autonomous inputs. Some of the autonomous control primitives available to the user are Joint-Guarded-Move, Cartesian-Guarded-Move, Move-To-Touch, Pin-Insertion/Removal, Door/Crank-Turn, Bolt-Turn, and Slide. The operator can execute a task using pure teleoperation or mix control execution from the autonomous primitives with teleoperated inputs. Presently the shared control environment supports single arm task execution. Work is presently underway to provide the shared control environment for dual arm control. Teleoperation during shared control is only Cartesian space control and no force-reflection is provided. Force-reflecting teleoperation and joint space operator inputs are planned extensions to the environment.


A dependable road network has the potential to move Africa's economy forward, and to ensure everyone across the region can access opportunity and services. However, road infrastructure is particularly vulnerable to climate change. In Africa, most projections are showing that higher temperatures, increased precipitation, and flooding will push an already stressed road system to the limit. As it prepares to invest heavily in infrastructure, the region has a unique opportunity to anticipate the consequences of a changing climate by retrofitting existing roads and adapting new ones. To support resilience in the road sector, a new World Bank study helps planners determine the most cost-effective and appropriate adaptation pathway under a variety of climate scenarios.


Purpose: Background: COX-2 specific inhibitors (C) are potentially prescribed to individuals at higherisk for adverse gastrointestinal (GI) outcomes, which produces channeling bias (CB) in nonrandomized observational studies. Purpose: To assess the potential for CB by identifying factors that predispose physicians to prescribe C as opposed to conventional NSAIDs (N) within a typical managed care plan.


In this paper heat transfer during impingement of an array of 8×8 microjets on a hot surface was investigated. The influence of a ratio of a distance between a nozzle and hot plate (H/d) and microjet diameter-based Reynolds number (Red) on the temperature and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) on the hot plate were numerically studied. The numerical model which was based on the steady-state compressible Navier-Stokes equations and SST k-ω turbulence model was developed and applied for the analysis. During simulations the ratio of the distance between the nozzle and hot plate to the microjet diameter was H/d = 3.125, 25 and 50, while the microjet diameter-based Reynolds number was equal to Red = 690, 1100 and 1510. The ratio of the microjet pitch to the microjet diameter was s/d = 31.25. It was found that both the H/d ratio and Red significantly influenced flow patterns in the gap between the nozzle and hot plate as well as the temperature and HTC on the surface of the hot plate. With increase of the H/d ratio a more uniform distributions of the plate temperature and HTC were observed, while the rise in the Red intensified heat transfer on the hot plate.


With the research method of historical and logical unity, this paper makes an analysis of historical process of ideas of freedom, and then on the basis of the analysis, outlines the logical process behind the historical process. The starting point of the logical process is the general idea of freedom; the medium is the rational idea of freedom; the ultimate goal is the ontological idea of freedom in German classical philosophy. All these ideas of freedom in western modern philosophy have inevitable limitations. Only on the basis of correct understanding of practice can we have a correct understanding of the concept of freedom.


In the present paper, the problem is considered of scientific knowledge about the element of market economic entities (economic subjects). Current views and approaches applied to the definition «economic entity» are examined. Its legal sense existing in the Russian legislation is given. Moreover the aspect is covered of recognition of the state as a subject of civil economic turnover.


The problem of the formation of innovative resources in the context of sustainable development of the Russian Federation regions is an actual area of research, since the scientific discussion has determined that it is advisable to include innovative and institutional factors in the sustainable development triad. The key components of sustainable development, ensuring economic growth in the era of the sixth technological order are clarified and described. It has been established that modern innovative transformation in the context of sustainable development implies the introduction of IT technologies with a high degree of robotization of the production process, as well as the enhancement of information transfer procedures and the use of a large flow of information. Pursuant to the results of the study of the theory of innovative development, as well as the analysis and assessment of the Russian experience of innovation activity and the formation of innovation policy, the architecture of the strategy for the region innovative development has been substantiated. Requirements for the current modern strategy of region innovative development for sustainable development are formulated


We study the project budget version of the stochastic discrete time/cost trade-off problem (SDTCTP-B) from the viewpoint of the robustness in the scheduling. Given the project budget and a set of activity execution modes, each with uncertain activity time and cost, the objective of the SDTCTP-B is to minimize the expected project makespan by determining each activity's mode and starting time. By modeling the activity time and cost using interval numbers, we propose a proactive project scheduling model for the SDTCTP-B based on robust optimization theory. Our model can generate robust baseline schedules that enable a freely adjustable level of robustness. We convert our model into its robust counterpart using a form of the mixed-integer programming model. Extensive experiments are performed on a large number of randomly generated networks to validate our model. Moreover, simulation is used to investigate the trade-off between the advantages and the disadvantages of our robust proactive project scheduling model.


Abstract Compost has a long-lasting action on soils to sustain crop production but very few scientific works have demonstrated these agronomic aspects. The present work aims to study the effect of different rates and mixtures of compost and a mineral fertilizer on a humic gleysol fertility, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield and the residual effect on green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) production in the Cameroon Western Highlands. A first field trial was conducted on potato followed by green beans a year after (without additional fertilization). The experimental design was a split-plot with three replications. The primary factor was compost alone at 4 levels (0, 20, 30 and 40 t ha-1) and the secondary factor was mineral fertilizer application rates at two levels (0 and 350 kg ha-1). The soil samples for each experimental unit were analyzed before and after the experiments. The main results revealed that compost alone at 20 t ha-1 yielded more tubers (15 t ha-1) with probably an ideal rate for potato tubers production (largest diameter, > 40 mm). The combination of compost and the mineral fertilizer had a significant effect only on the proportion of tubers having average diameter (between 25 and 40 mm). During the first year, the compost improved the soil chemical properties notably pH-H2O, total nitrogen, organic carbon, C/N ratio, Cation exchange capacity and exchangeable Mg. Compost at 30 t ha-1 yielded an additional 5 t ha-1 of green beans in the second year, meanwhile the mineral fertilizer alone revealed no residual effect. Highlights organic fertilization improved soil fertility by neutralizing soil acidity; compost chemical fertilizer rates and their interaction significantly influenced potato yields; compost at 20 t ha-1 and 350 kg ha + 1 of mineral fertilizer gave the best potato fresh yield of 17 tons ha-1; compost at 30 t ha-1 recorded 5 t ha-1 extrayield of beans due to residual effect. small producers need to exploit the residual effect of compost to recover their costs.


This paper reports on calculations which exist for estimating shielding required for radioactivity; however, they are often not applicable for the radionuclides and activities common in biomedical research. A variety of commercially available Lucite shields are being marketed to the biomedical community. Their advertisements may lead laboratory workers to expect better radiation protection than these shields can provide or to assume erroneously that very weak beta emitters require extensive shielding. The authors have conducted a series of shielding experiments designed to simulate exposures from the amounts of {sup 32}P, {sup 51}Cr and {sup 125}I typically used in biomedical laboratories. For most routine work, {ge}0.64 cm of Lucite covered with various thicknesses of lead will reduce whole-body occupational exposure rates of {lt} 1mR/hr at the point of contact.


This study aims to find out how the influence of product quality (X1), price (X2), and service quality (X3) on customer satisfaction (Y) PDAM Tirtanadi Padang Bulan Medan branch. The population in this study are all customers of PDAM Tirtanadi Padang Bulan Medan branch. The number of samples is 100 respondents. This research was conducted from January 2021 to June 2021. This study used quantitative data that was processed with SPSS version 25.0 with multiple linear regression models. data came from respondents who were collected through questionnaires. The results showed that product quality and price partially had a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. Product quality, price and service quality simultaneously have a positive and significant effect. 44.2% of customer satisfaction can be explained and obtained from product quality, price and service quality while the rest by other factors. Customer satisfaction has a very strong relationship to product quality, price and service quality.


Objective: To study the effect of Yinxingdamo with recovery therapy on the balance function of patients with cerebral infarction.Methods: Eighty cases were assigned randomly to either a treatment group(n=40) or a control group(n=40).Both groups received routine therapy.The patients in treatment group were treated with the injection of Yinxingdamo additionally.Subjects were assessed using the Berg Test,the FMA and the Barthel Test before and 30 days after treatment.Results: The scores of Berg Test,the FMA and the Barthel Test in two groups were significantly increased as compared with those before treatment(P0.01),and those in treatment group were significantly higher than in control group(P0.05).Conclusion: Yinxingdamo with recovery therapy can effectively improve the balance function of patients with cerebral infarction,and furthermore promote the recovery of lower limb motor function and the ability of daily living.


An access to primary care offered by the government has been the major concern of this study, which are deprived with complicated perceptions specifically in rural areas. The study engaged a phenomenological approach that characterized human experiences, and mainly to observe the behavioral response of people involved in this research. Also, it uses a purposive sampling technique that involves handpicking participants based on pre-selected criteria. The results gained specified themes through the use of thematic analysis. Based on the identified results, there were four themes introduced in the study that encompasses the problem; and the four themes that were mentioned were Financial Barriers, Structural Barriers, Cognitive Barriers, and Psychological Barriers. Each theme has sub-themes that mimic the problem of the community to the medical society within its access to health services. With regards to this result, the researchers came up with certifying alternatives that would develop the governments' capabilities in giving quality to health services. It was determined that people should be able to comprehend the barriers hindering them to access the health services. Thus, they should commit themselves on appealing an effective communication to the government. The lingering biases and prejudices of medical experts to the remote communities should be dissipated instantly to avoid future complications. In this similar way, the two should submit to an organized and to an effective stabilized relationship for a better response.


A system of recording and analysing interaction, which was originally designed for the study of mother-child interaction was applied to the problem of child-child interaction. The experimental situation involved the first meeting of 2 8-yr.-old boys in a play situation. 5 boys were paired in all possible combinations. Specific individual interactions were analysed on the parameters of dominance, friendliness, and involvement; each S's generalized response characteristics and stimulus characteristics were examined. The contrast between the present findings and the systematic contingencies demonstrated in well-established relationships suggest that this is an effective method for further research.


Highly crystalline and stable mesoporous SnO2(M-SnO2) with good catalytic activities for benzene combustion have been successfully prepared in this manuscript. The performed M-SnO2could be synthesized from self assembly of Sn precursor with poly 4-vinylpyridine(P4VP) template based on their strong acid-base interactions,followed by hydrothermally treatment at 180 C and calcination at 550 C. XRD pattern shows that M-SnO2has highly crystalline structure. N2isotherm and pore size distribution curve show that M-SnO2has large BET surface area(50 m2/g) and uniform mesopores(17. 8 nm). TEM images show that M-SnO2has abundant mesoporosity and highly crystalline pore walls. Catalytic test shows that M-SnO2exhibits good activities for benzene combustion,which will be potentially important for the applications of crystalline mesoporous metal oxides in the areas of VOCs oxidation.


In the fourth in a series of annual reports on the National Guard Youth ChalleNGe, RAND researchers provide information on participants who entered the residential, quasi-military program for youth ages 16–18 in 2018, as well as follow-up information on those who did the same in 2017. The authors describe analytic efforts focused in several areas, including career and technical education (CTE), as well as a pilot program for ChalleNGe mentors.


[1] We present observations of methane (CH4) mixing ratio and 13C/12C isotopic ratios in CH4 (δ13C) data from a collaborative shipboard project using bulk carrier ships sailing between Nelson, New Zealand, and Osaka, Japan, in the western Pacific Ocean. Measurements of the CH4 mixing ratio and δ13C in CH4were obtained from large clean-air samples collected in each 2.5° to 5° of latitude between 30°S and 30°N on eight voyages from 2004 to 2007. The data show large variations in CH4 mixing ratio in the tropical western Pacific, and data analysis suggests that these large variations are related to the positions and strengths of the South Pacific Convergence Zone and the Intertropical Convergence Zone, with variability in the sources playing a much smaller role. These measurements are compared with results from a modified version of the Unified Model (UMeth) general circulation model along two transects, one similar to the ship transects and another 18.75° to the east. Although UMeth was run to a steady state with the same sources and sinks each year, the gradient structures varied considerably from year to year, supporting our conclusion that variability in transport is a major driver for the observed variations in CH4. Simulations forced with an idealized representation of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) suggest that a large component of the observed variability in latitudinal gradients of CH4 and its δ13C arises from intrinsic variability in the climate system that does not occur on ENSO time scales.


Background: This was a descriptive study with qualitative approach, having as its focus the knowledge and practices of riverside mothers and care of their ...


The notion of vague ideals in subtraction algebras is introduced, and several properties are investigated. Mathematics Subject Classification: 03G25, 03E72


Ingredients of honey and propolis (bee glue) have proven antiproliferative and immunostimulant activities. Honey may well be used in cases of poorly healing wounds andulceratedtumours.Currently thehighestevidencefor a clinical use is the prophylaxis and treatmentof radiation inducted mucositis especially forhead andneckcancers.Becauseofthepossibilityof infectionswithclostridiamedicinal grade honey is recommended


The importance of higher education as an engine of growth is highly recognised by the Malaysian government and thus huge amounts of money are allocated to this sector. Due to large amount of money invested, it is imperative that certain analyses are to be carried out to ascertain the impact of this investment. Efficiency analysis is
vital for higher education institutions as it measures how efficiently educational resources are being allocated and utilized. Against this backdrop, this study aims to evaluate the relative efficiency of 12 selected Malaysian public universities for the period of 2008-2012. A non-parametric method, known as the Data Envelopment
Analysis (DEA) is applied in this study. By using different combination of input and output variables, this study applies the output oriented DEA model to assess the teaching and research performances for each university. The result shows that, on average, the pure technical efficiency for teaching and research activities appear to be high. Three universities are found to be technically efficient in teaching while three other universities are technically efficient in research. The result reveals that the average pure technical efficiency score is higher for teaching as compared to research. For the scale efficiency, there are two universities that consistently operated on the optimal scale size for the whole examined period. In addition, majority of universities are operating under decreasing returns to scale in teaching
while most universities are operating under increasing returns to scale in research.


Purpose – This paper aims to examine a number of Asian hotel companies to identify the hurdles and provide recommendations for those companies expanding internationally. Many Asian-based hotel companies have made their strategic choice to expand beyond their home territories by opening and managing hotels in non-Asian destinations to achieve growth. This is a strategic decision that other Asian hotel companies will eventually have to face when they follow their customers' footsteps and/or enhance their brand awareness in non-Asian destinations for greater market penetration and other network advantages. Design/methodology/approach – This is a review article that analyzes Asian hotel groups' development practices based on content analysis of published references. The 2012 Hotels 325 list, the leading source of news and analysis for the global hotel industry, is used to identify the top Asian hotel management companies in the world. Their history is traced to examine key success factors for their growth and...


The identification of individuals in a mixture of two semen samples usually involves an analysis of autosomal and Y chromosomal short tandem repeats (STR) which can exclude unrelated individuals but cannot achieve the purpose of individual identification. In sperm cells, there are multiple copies of mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNA) which exhibit genetic polymorphisms in different matrilineal‐related individuals. Single‐cell capture technology can be applied to obtain some single sperm cells in a mixed semen sample, then polymerase chain reaction can be employed to amplify the mtDNA hypervariable region I (HVR I) from each cell. By pooling the cells with the same HVR I sequence, we can obtain the sufficient nuclear DNA for STR typing.


Brief, single session mindfulness training has been shown to reduce emotional distress, craving, and withdrawal symptoms among smokers when they are nicotine-deprived. However, no research has examined the efficacy of brief mindfulness training for non-nicotine-deprived smokers, or explored its effects on smokers' ability to tolerate emotional distress. Smokers progress differently through various stages as they attempt to change their smoking behavior and evidence-based strategies are needed for smokers at all levels of nicotine deprivation. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of a brief mindfulness exercise on state mindfulness, distress, distress tolerance, and smoking urges following a distressing laboratory task among 86 non-nicotine-deprived adult daily smokers (Mage = 46 years, 55% male, 74% African-American) who completed behavioral tasks and self-report measures before and after randomization to a 10-min mindfulness or control exercise. As hypothesized, the mindfulness exercise significantly increased state mindfulness [F = 14.24, p = 0.00, ηpartial = 0.15] and demonstrated a non-significant small to medium effect on decreased distress levels [F = 3.22, p= 0.08, ηpartial = 0.04]. Contrary to prediction, it was not associated with improvements in selfreported [F = 2.68, p= 0.11, ηpartial = 0.03] or behavioral distress tolerance [F(1) = 0.75, p= 0.39, ηpartial = 0.01], or smoking urges following a stressor [F= 0.22, p= 0.64, ηpartial = 0.00.] These findings suggest that brief mindfulness exercises successfully induce states of mindfulness in non-nicotine-deprived smokers. These exercises might also improve current moment levels of distress, but they do not appear to improve self-report or behavioral indices of distress tolerance.


Methodological approaches towards the influence of computer-oriented means of training on the readiness of the child to school are elucidated in the paper; the results of studies are presented in the table and conclusions are made.


crop production and agricultural potential in each region depends on the weather and climatic features. Grapes in ardabil province is one of the important horticultural crops currently under cultivation in 2234 hectares of land in the province this plant. Based on this study fo idenntify the regional capabiilities in the cultivation and production of grapes is done using ANP.
In this regard, the use of spatial charactevistics such as slope, land use and meteorological variables such as temperature rainfall and relative humidity of the four stations in the study area are extracted ArcGIS was transferred to the environment and were weighting using ANP method. Then, based on the criteria and model overlay layer in the GIS environment. The final layer was preparing land evaluation for viticulture. And the results show that the proportion of land for viticulture, the 4-storey high limit, medium limitation, low limit and no limit is indivisible and zoning.based in the analysis if land in the study area based on the potential climate and environ ment for viticulture 19/05 of the land without restrictions, 29/26% of the land with few limitations, 12/39% of the land with moderate limitation and 39/28% of the land with restric tions is high.
The final results obtained from this study is that farts of the west in the Region compared to other region of the province meshgin conditions are more favorable for viticulture.


The paper presents a relatively simple and elegant analytical calculus of critical buckling force for a straight bar, one-end embedded and other end free, with an axial compression force F, using the TransferMatrix Method (TMM). The algorithm is based on the simplifications of the mathematical apparatus offered by Dirac and Heaviside's functions and operators regarding effort density. The results obtained will be used in the study of dental implants. The implant was assimilated as a bar on elastic environment, one-end of bar embedded and other end free, with an axial compression force F at the free end, the bone being assimilated as an elastic environment.


Purpose: To identify risk factors for surgical site infections in patients undergoing general surgery, to analyze the prolonged hospital stay and extra cost for antibiotics, and to provide basic data for control of surgical site infections. Method: Surgical site infection was defined using the definition of the CDC and the data were analyzed by -test and unpaired t-test. Results: The prevalence of surgical site infections was 9.7%, and it was related to wound class, duration of operation, number of operations, whether the operation was an emergency, trauma, drains, preoperative stays, presence of remote infection during operative period, and previous history of recent surgery. The mean duration for post-operative stay when a surgical site infection occurred was 9.5 days and in 56.9 % of the patients the surgical site infection appeared 7 days after the operation. Post-operative stays for infected patients were 20.3 days longer than that of uninfected patients. The mean cost of antibiotics for infected patients was higher than that for uninfected patients by 561,067 won per person. Conclusion: Surgical site infection results in an increased length of stay and extra-cost, thus, hospitals need to create strategies to reduce nosocomial infections through effective infection surveillance and by considering factors related to surgical site infections.


We analyze the energy density spectrum of \acp{SIGW} using the NANOGrav 15-year data set, thereby constraining the primordial non-Gaussian parameter $f_{\mathrm{NL}}$. For the first time, we calculate the seventeen missing two-loop diagrams proportional to $f_{\mathrm{NL}}A_{\zeta}^3$ that correspond to the two-point correlation function $\langle h^{\lambda,(3)}_{\mathbf{k}} h^{\lambda',(2)}_{\mathbf{k}'} \rangle$ for local-type primordial non-Gaussianity. The total energy density spectrum of \acp{SIGW} can be significantly suppressed by these two-loop diagrams. If \acp{SIGW} dominate the \acp{SGWB} observed in \ac{PTA} experiments, the parameter interval $f_{\mathrm{NL}}\in [-5,-1]$ is notably excluded based on NANOGrav 15-year data set. After taking into account abundance of \acp{PBH} and the convergence of the cosmological perturbation expansion, we find that the only possible parameter range for $f_{\mathrm{NL}}$ might be $-1\le f_{\mathrm{NL}}<0$.


With the help of the concept of information theory on system, using the information entropy method, through the calculation and analysis of the information entropy and equilibrium degree of construction land structure in Heilongjiang province in recent years, it revealed the information entropy values characteristics and law of evolution to the construction land structure in Heilongjiang province. We use the main factor analysis method to quantitative analysis the human mechanism of construction land evolution in Heilongjiang province. The results showed that the main driving factor of the construction land evolution in Heilongjiang province is the level of economic and social development, regional adjustment of the industrial structure and population factor.


Microscopic analysis of soil mesostructure and direct shear test for Q2 loess with different water contents under different freezing speeds are conducted.The results show as follows:(1) When the water content of loess sample is low,with the increase of freezing speed,the statistical frequency of low-density area increase a little,while the statistical frequency of middle-density area scarcely changes and that of high-density area decreases a little.So the freezing speed has little effect on each density area of Q2 loess.When the water content of loess sample is higher,the freezing speed has great impact on high-density and has little impact on low-density area.The greater the water content is,the greater the impact is.(2) When the freezing speed is slow,the effect of water frost function on the behavior of loess is not obvious.When the freezing speed is faster,the water in loess freezes before it migrates to the loess sample? freezing front;and the water frost heaves in loess.When the volume of ice is larger than its expansion in the loess free space,the volume of loess increases a little;and the density and cohesion decrease because the water in loess frost heaves.The greater the water content is,the greater the volume increase,and the greater the decreasing degree of loess sample?s density and cohesion are.The frost heave force makes the proportion of large pore in loess decrease and the contact points between particles of soil increase,which make the internal friction angle of loess increase.The faster the freezing speed is and the larger the water content is,the greater the increment of internal friction angle is.


The initiation, structure, and dynamics of defects control both the structure and physical properties of materials. In this work, kink band defects are systematically introduced into a lamellar poly(styrene-b-ethylene propylene) diblock copolymer by applying various rates and total strains of steady shear. However, kink bands are only produced when the shear strain exceeds a critical value. The mere existence of kink bands implies the presence of a preferential slip plane parallel to the lamellae, which we estimate exists within the polystyrene microdomains. Furthermore, our results regarding the dependence of kink band geometry on shear rate and strain suggest that these defects are formed by the rotation of lamellae. Based on a rotation mechanism, the characteristic size of the kink bands and their spatial distribution, it appears that preexisting defects initiate kink bands. Insights gained from steady-shear-induced kink bands are extended to oscillatory shear alignment of this high molecular weight di...


The work illustrates the depth analysis of Laweyan Surakarta batik merchant house using space-syntax method. The house plan were projected into four layers of transparent surface according to each areas' result of depth calculation. Areas on each layers were marked with dots in different hue, then connected to each other. This layered illustration shows Javanese sense of appropriateness in order to perform harmony in their dwelling architecture.


M edical educators frequently find themselves in conversations in which they are asked to offer career guidance. This may be part of a formal role as an assigned advisor, or in informal interactions with learners. Many medical schools have successfully integrated career advising for students in a multitude of ways, such as official mentoring programs, career services from nonmedical advisors, web-based resources, and career exploration courses. By comparison, the literature about career advising at the graduate medical education level is relatively limited, and provides little guidance for framing these advising conversations. Given the lack of formalized career counseling for residents, having a broad group of faculty skilled in these conversations is important. We have found career advising conversations with residents to be common, and a natural pattern has evolved. The model presented here uses a simple structure to facilitate these important conversations (FIGURE). It uses a pyramid model that is approached from the bottom up, narrowing a learner's perspective toward more clarity regarding an appropriate career choice, or a next step in the career path.


The fish fauna in the State of Acre represents 10.7% of all fish species recorded from Brazil, but, despite this, there are few fish parasite studies in this area. The recent expansion of fish farming in Acre prompted a need for helminthological studies of the most commonly consumed fish species in the area, Pimelodus blochii (Pimelodidae). The objective of the present work was to study the diversity of Pimelodus blochii endohelminths of the Xapuri and Acre rivers, aiming to: i) identify and characterize the morphological profile of the nematodes species; ii) characterize the genetic profile of species of the Family Atractidae; iii) evaluate and compare the parasitic indexes of helminths of P. blochii from the two rivers in different seasons and iv) identify the presence of helminths´ species with zoonotic potential presenting risk for local consumers P. blochii. As results of the present study two new species were described: Orientatractis n. sp. as the first occurrence of this genus in South America and a new species of Philometroides, proposed based on the morphology, ultrastructure and location in the host (stomach), being the third species of the genus described in South America A key of species of Philometroides occurring in fish from the Americas was providade. Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pimelodus and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) rarus were also referred to in a new geographical distribution with morphological, ultrastructural and genetic data. Finally, the helminthological fauna of P. blochii was studied with emphasis on the parasite communities found in the two rivers in rain and drought seasons, to evaluate differences between rivers and to identify species of nematodes with zoonotic potencial. The total parasites collected in the two rivers included: P. (S.) pimelodus, P. (S.) rarus, Cucullanus sp., Nematoda gen. sp., R. rondoni, Anisakis sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Contracaecum sp., Rhabdochona sp., Pharyngodonidae gen. sp., Cystidicolidae gen. sp., Acanthocephala cysts, Trematoda gen. sp, apart from the new species of Orientatractis and Philometroides. The Xapuri River presented greater diversity with significant variation in the seasonality, contrasting with Acre River. Larvae potentially zoonotic as Anisakis sp. and Hysterothylacium sp. were found in both rivers but the low prevalence and abundance indicates that there is no risk of emergent zoonosis from fish in the region


Conventional supercapacitor (SC)-based energy storage systems require two separate converters, namely a bidirectional converter and a cell voltage equalizer. Each converter requires magnetic components, hence increasing the complexity, volume, and cost. This article proposes the single-magnetic bidirectional converter integrating a cell voltage equalizer. The proposed integrated converter is derived from the combination of a bidirectional pulsewidth modulation converter with a tapped inductor (TI) and a resonant voltage multiplier (RVM). The RVM is driven by the TI generating a square wave voltage with an arbitrary amplitude. Not only is the system simplified by the integration, but also the single-magnetic topology achieves circuit miniaturization. A 100-W prototype for nine SCs connected in series was built for the experimental charge–discharge cycling test. The voltage mismatch of SCs automatically disappeared during charge–discharge cycling, demonstrating the integrated functions of the proposed converter.


Preface Acknowledgements 1. Wave-particle duality 2. Niels Bohr and wave-particle duality 3. From duality to complementarity 4. The meaning of complementarity 5. The foundations of kinematic-dynamic complementarity 6. Bohr's theory of measurement 7. Bohr's theory of properties 8. Einstein versus Bohr 9. The sequel to the Bohr-Einstein debate 10. Bohr's philosophy of physics 11. An appraisal of Bohr's philosophy of physics Notes Index.


Introduction ....................................................................................................16 I. Background .......................................................................................17 A. The Historical Development of Arbitration Laws in India ........................................................................................17 B. Salient Features of the Indian Arbitration and Conciliation Act of 1996 ............................................................19 C. Judicial Intervention under the Indian Arbitration and Conciliation Act of 1996 ............................................................20 II. Analysis .............................................................................................22 A. Applying Part I Provisions to Arbitrations Exclusively Governed by Part II: Extending The Scope of Judicial Intervention ..........22 B. Setting Aside Awards on "Public Policy" Grounds Under the Indian Arbitration and Conciliation Act of 1996 ..................25 Conclusion .....................................................................................................28


This paper presents a robust object tracking method under pose variation and partial occlusion. In practical environment, the appearance of objects is changed dynamically by pose variation or partial occlusion. Therefore, the robustness to them is required for practical applications. However, it is difficult to be robust to various changes by only one tracking model. Therefore, slight robustness to variations and the easiness of model update are required. For this purpose, Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) of local parts is used. KPCA of local parts is proposed originally for the purpose of pose independent object recognition. Training of this method is performed by using local parts cropped from only one or two object images. This is good property for tracking because only one target image is given in practical applications. In addition, the model (subspace) of this method can be updated easily by solving a eigen value problem. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated by using the test face sequence captured under pose, partial occlusion, scaling and illumination variations. Effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method are demonstrated by the comparison with template matching based tracker. In addition, adaptive update rule using similarity with current subspace is also proposed. Effectiveness of adaptive update rule is shown by experiment.


The results of long-term seismological investigations have been represented in the manuscript, which were obtained by the data of the seismological network KNET established in 1991 in Northern Tien Shan. Use of various tools for processing of the obtained seismic data allowed solving a number of seismological problems, such as assessment of kinematic and dynamic parameters of earthquakes, determination of parameters of the stress – strained state of the of the crust. The new results describing in details the determinations of various indicators of seismicity in the territory of the Bishkek geodynamic test site, Northern Tien Shan have been presented. The book will be useful to the young researchers and graduate students working in the field of Earth Sciences.


The shear wave velocity of soil and rock is one of the key components in establishing the design response spectra, and therefore the seismic design forces, for a building, bridge, or other structure. The shear wave velocity can be measured from in-situ field tests, such as cross-hole or downhole testing. The shear wave velocity can also be estimated based on empirical correlations with other field collected information. This paper presents case histories from 8 bridge projects performed in the northeastern United States where in-situ measurements of shear wave velocities were performed for site-specific ground motion studies. A comparison of these measurements with several empirical correlations indicates that the empirical correlations do not approximate the shear wave velocity very well. Therefore, the use of the empirically derived shear wave velocities may result in an inaccurate determination of the seismic forces imparted to the soils and the structure. Therefore, based on these results, it is concluded that the use of empirically derived shear wave velocities should be used as a preliminary assessment for development of response spectra and liquefaction susceptibility parameters. INTRODUCTION It is well known that the soil conditions beneath a structure have an impact on the propagation of ground motions from the bedrock to the ground surface. The soil conditions may amplify certain spectral accelerations and attenuate spectral accelerations at other periods. Utimately, the spectral accelerations are used to estimate the earthquake induced forces that are imparted to a structure. In addition, the shear stresses imparted to the soil by the earthquake are affected by the soil properties and have a direct effect on the liquefaction potential of the soils. The shear wave velocity (or shear modulus) of the soils is the soil property that has the greatest effect on the determination of an appropriate response spectra and estimation of shear stresses. This paper presents the results of in-situ shear wave velocity measurements from eight bridge projects located throughout the northeastern United States. Comparisons between the measured values and those derived based on empirical equations related to the N-values of test borings are presented. Site specific response analyses were performed using idealized shear wave velocities based on the measured and empirical values. Comparisons between the response spectra and shear stresses from these site response analyses are made and conclusions are presented based on the results of these analyses. PROJECT DESCRIPTIONS A summary of the location and size of the bridges, the depth to bedrock, and the method used to measure the in-situ shear wave velocities is included in Table 1. Additional information regarding the subsurface conditions at specific bridge locations are presented elsewhere in this paper. Table 1 – Project Descriptions Site ID Number Location Bridge Size Depth to Bedrock Method of Insitu Vs Measurements 1 Jersey City, NJ 5000 ft long steel girder 30 – 125 ft Cross Hole 2 Ridgefield Park, NJ 500 ft long steel girder 110 – 150 Down Hole 3 Harrison, NJ 7000 ft long steel girder 80 Cross Hole 4 Brooklyn, NY 300 ft long steel girder 500 Down Hole 5 Chelmsford, MA 50 ft long steel girder 50 Cross Hole


As for the plastic cover parts,this paper completes the design of gate,precision positioning,the push plate roll structure design of die structure based on the analysis of the part material copolymer(ABS) plastic material forming process.It makes use of Solidworks software to complete the structure design,making the plastic injection mold design is simple and practical.This kind of mold can be used to produce plastic cover parts conveniently and efficiently,and the plastic parts produced by this model is of quality uniform,small defects,high qualified rate,small die wear.It is a high quality mold.


Laboratory detection methods of HCV infection include serum immunoassay and nucleic acid detection.This paper introduces the features,significance,applications and interactions of different laboratory methods and items in an attempt to helping doctors to select laboratory items and explain the results in the diagnosis and therapy of HCV infection.


This paper conducts the analysis on 2 gas stations lightning damages accident example on 1st,4th of June of 2005 and discusses the thunder and lightning surge to harm the weak electricity equipment of gas station and presents the protective measure suggestion.


Significance: Previously developed approaches for the synthesis of chiral organosilanes have largely relied on transition-metal catalysis. The Fu and Huang groups report a mild NHC-catalyzed protocol for the construction of enantioenriched cis-organosilanes with two consecutive stereogenic centers. The resulting products could be further derivatized into the corresponding amides, lactams, or β-hydroxy ketones. Comment: In this transformation, enals bearing either electron-donating or -withdrawing substituents on the β-aryl moiety are efficiently converted. Similar variations in the β-TMS enone structure and β-heterocycles were also tolerated, as well as modulation of the substituted silyl group, thus demonstrating the generality of this method. Unfortunately, β-alkyl enals and β-alkyl TMS enones furnished the desired organosilanes in relatively low yields. R1 H O


Based on the investigation of demerit of the rotor-position detecting method of sensorless brushless DC motor,an improved rotor-position detecting method of sensorless brushless DC motor was proposed,which was referred to as improved free-wheeling diode method with complementary PWM mode.The improved method solved effectively the detection error and also detected the precise rotor-position when the motor had light load. With the Pspice simulation mode on improved free-wheeling diode method complementary PWM mode was built.Simulation was made which confirmed the theoretical analysis of the presented technique.


pon successful completion of this program, the reader should be able to perform the following: 1. Discuss the prevalence, pathogenesis, secondary complications, 1. and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus with a focus on new populations, early identification of warning signs, and modifiable risk factors at prevention and treatment stages. 2. outline elements of a pharmacist-based, collaborative diabetes self-care education and training plan. 3. identify physical and clinical requirements involved in establishing a pharmacy-based foot care clinic. 4. compare currently available professional and site certification or credentialing programs. 5. Describe best practice methods of instituting and maintaining a community pharmacy clinic within a collaborative team setting.


The phytoplankton primary production, pelagic respiration, photosynthetic pigments, and physical-chemical associated variables in the Pajarales Complex, were estimated to assess the potential effects of the Magdalena River recommunication with its former delta, The study carried out between September and December 2005, followed the same experimental design than one done before to the recommunication The results show a significant increase of the net primary production when compared with the years 1988-89 (from 598 gC/m2/year to 982 gC/m2/year). The actual production seems to be driven mainly by ammonia, and there is no correlation neither with the water transparency nor the chlorophyll a concentration. The ecosystem is less efficient in the synthesis of organic matter after the recommunication with the Magdalena river. The respiration rate increased, showing higher and more prolonged heterotrophy, which may be associated to higher organic matter and inorganic nutrient inputs from the Magdalena River. The results confirm eutrophication increase in the CP between 1989 and 2005.


The Stream data exists in the field of industrial production, life activities, business transactions, and other fields. It is closely related to people's life, production and so on. This paper proposes inter-transaction association rules mining method based on dynamic support threshold. Inter-transaction association rules refer to the association rules between different time periods. This paper firstly uses the sliding window to limit stream data, then do preprocessing on stream data. In the process of pretreatment using linearization method fitting to raw data and it reduce the amount of data at the same time, and finally at the end of the preprocessing, generating large transaction grouping method of inter transaction association rules is proposed in this paper. This paper uses conceptual data attenuation, thereby reducing the influence of old data to the mining result. Due to artificial setting minimum support threshold may bring many problems, so this paper presents a method for searching minimum support threshold.


Claims for Open Access are mostly underpinned with
a) science-related arguments (Open Access accelerates scientific communication)
b) financial arguments (Open Access relieves the serials crisis),
c) social arguments (Open Access reduces the Digital Divide),
d) democracy-related arguments (Open Access facilitates participation)
e) and socio-political arguments (Open Access levels disparities).

Using sociological concepts and notions, this article analyses some of the assumptions mentioned above. It focuses strongly on Pierre Bourdieu's theory of (scientific) capital and its implications for the acceptance of Open Access, on Michel Foucault's discourse analysis and on the implications of Open Access for the concept of the Digital Divide. Bourdieu's theory of capital implies that the acceptance of Open Access depends on the logic of power and the accumulation of scientific capital. It does not depend on slogans derived from hagiographic self-perceptions of science (e.g. the acceleration of scientific communication) and scientists (e.g. their will to share their information freely). According to Bourdieu's theory, it is crucial for Open Access (and associated concepts like alternative impact metrics) how scientists perceive its potential influence on existing processes of capital accumulation and how Open Access will affect their demand for distinction. Concerning the Digital Divide concept, Foucault's discourse analysis suggests that Open Access may intensify disparities, scientocentrisms and ethnocentrisms. Additionally, several concepts from the philosophy of sciences (Karl Raimund Popper, Samuel Kuhn, Paul Feyerabend) and their implicit connection to the concept of Open Access are described in this paper.


Purpose
This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
This research paper concentrates on the public procurement of innovations (PPI) within the EU as a mechanism for stimulating private sector R&D efforts that solve public organization-identified problems. The authors encourage less risk aversion and greater risk management to encourage the increased use of cost-plus contracts to spread some risk between the procurer and supplier, which should in turn attract more innovative companies to participate in PPI exercises.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.


In December 2007, a joint meeting of the Sixteenth International Symposium on Mine Planning and Equipment Selection and the Tenth International Symposium on Environmental Issues and Waste Management in Energy and Mineral Production was held in Bangkok, Thailand. Professor P.N. Martens, Director and Head of the Institute of Mining Engineering at the RWTH Aachen University was the invited luncheon speaker. The title of his presentation was Raw MaterialsYounger Than Ever: A European Perspective. Space limitations do not permit us to publish the full text of his presentation however, a few selected but self contained paragraphs convey his thoughts. Professor Martens' presentation dealt with the past, present and future status of the mineral raw materials industry. Given below is the text of what he had to say about future developments in this industry. ''Presumably there won't be any big innovative steps in conventional mining in the very near future. We will see a constant optimization of processes. In particular in the area of open pit mining, we will have an ongoing growth of the equipment. It will play an increasingly important role, not only in the field of automation and autonomisation of equipment, but also in supporting management in decision making at the face, in the operation and in automation. Advances in rock mechanics will make an important contribution particularly to the implementation of massmining methods in underground mining. Processing of raw materials will move near to the face. There appears to be a tendency towards two types of mining methodsmass mining and highly selective mining. With an increase in land use conflicts, we will experience an increasing social pressure to that effect that raw materials production as a tendency is forced to move underground including processing and other facilities.Out of sight is out of mind. And we might find a tendency to move towards smaller scale mining, reducing the footprints of raw materials extraction. But mining will also expand into new locations. Deep sea mining on copper-zinc-gold deposits in a depth of 2000m out of the coast of Papua New Guinea is close to being economically feasible. We will find key hole mining, with equipment connected to a kind of umbilical cord. As processing technology is developing further we see that increasingly complex ores will be treated. Bio leaching and insitu gasification will come. And looking at transport cost for man and material to Moon and Mars and back it is only logical to assume that mining for water, energy, missile fuel and material for shelters is not a totally weird idea.''


The spontaneous speech of fifteen children was examined in order to test two hypotheses: (1) newly acquired forms are first used to express previously acquired meanings; (2) newly acquired meanings are first expressed by pre viously acquired forms. The data provide support for these hypotheses, but also demonstrate other relations between the acquisition of linguistic forms and meanings. The implications of the findings for theories of language development are briefly considered.


From the first histories of socialism in Belgium, written initially by militants then by professional historians from the 1950s, the International Working Men's Association (iwma) has been presented as a founding moment, or at least as an important one, in the evolution towards the creation of the Belgium labour party, Parti ouvrier belge (pob) in 1885, and later on that of its successors – the Belgium socialist party, psb-bsp in 1945 and the current socialist parties, the French-speaking ps and the Dutch-speaking sp/ao. One hundred years after the creation of the pob, in 1985, most of the socialist federations still traced the origin of their party back to the iwma. This extremely linear genealogical approach had given way to a historiographic tradition that was only challenged in 2000.1 A new wave of historical research in the years 1950 to 1980 produced numerous studies, including substantial publications of source materials2 which, combined with the general histories of the iwma, formed an exceptional body of original documents – a rare thing in the field of the history of social organisations. If the harvest was not as fruitful in the following years,3 our general understanding of the subject was refined by biographies.4 Finally, through abundant cross-studies, the work of Freddy Joris helped us understand why the Verviers regional federation – a wool world centre at the time – had been the most important federation and survived the longest of all. From this


The Gram-positive bacteria Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae are inhabitants of the human body. Whereas E. faecalis is a usual commensal of the gastrointestinal tract, S. pneumoniae is normally found in the nasopharynx of healthy individuals. Nevertheless, their ability to adapt to diverse stress conditions allows them to invade other niches of the human host causing a variety of life-threatening infections. In general, bacterial adaptation to new niches requires the action of proteins that act as global transcriptional regulators. These proteins activate and/or repress the transcription of multiple genes in response to specific signals. The Mga/AtxA family of global transcriptional regulators includes various proteins of Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria: AtxA (Bacillus anthracis), Mga (S. pyogenes), MgaSpn (S. pneumoniae), and MafR (E. faecalis). Several studies have shown that these transcriptional regulators play a role in bacterial virulence (Fouet, 2010; Hemsley et al., 2003; McIver, 2009; Ruiz-Cruz et al., 2016).
MafR from Enterococcus faecalis: Previous studies in our laboratory showed that the MafR protein of E. faecalis strain V583 (MafRV583) binds to linear DNA fragments generating multimeric complexes, and this binding has little or no sequence specificity (Ruiz-Cruz, 2015). Furthermore, using microarrays designed for strain OG1RF, it was shown that MafR activates, directly or indirectly, the transcription of at least 87 genes. Many of them are organized in operons and encode proteins involved in the utilization of carbon sources (Ruiz-Cruz et al., 2016). In this Thesis, we have worked on the following objectives: (a) Analysis of the DNA-binding properties of MafR from strain OG1RF (MafROG1RF) and (b) Identification of genes regulated directly by MafROG1RF...


Large scale deployments of small, wireless, networked, embedded systems demand for cost reduction in development and maintenance. Most often, this translates into the need for reliable methods for energy conservation as it is the case for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Our work considers energy harvesting system (EHS)-enhanced WSN technology which is the state-of-the-art technology for perpetual systems supplied from ambient environmental energy. Therefore several aspects have been considered in literature so far: EHS design, energy prediction modeling, harvesting aware media access control (MAC) and routing and finally power management. This paper postulates that identifying and optimizing these aspects on their own does not necessarily lead to feasible solutions. We take a cross-layer perspective and provide a networking protocol for implicit or explicit EHS policy negotiation under the constraint of two prototypical communication patterns. The methods presented show how to combine energy aware routing or conservation from network coding with EHS power management policies under the constraint of state-of-the-art MAC. Evaluation of different end-user communication patterns lets the reader interpret the results for an application at hand.


Ecogeographical regionalization is the basis for spatial differentiation of biodiversity research.In view of the principle of international ecogeographical regionalization, this study has applied multivariate analysis and GIS method and based on some ecogeographical attributes limited to the distribution of plant and vegetation, including climatic factors, such as minimum temperature, mean temperature of the coldest month, mean temperature of the warmest month, annual average temperature, precipitation of the coldest month, precipitation of the warmest month, annual precipitation, CV of annual precipitation, biological factors such as vegetation types, vegetation division types, NPP, florisitic types, fauna types, abundance of plant species, genus and endemic genus;soil factors such as soil types, soil pH;topographical factors as longitude, latitude and altitude etc. The ecogeographical regionalization for biodiversity in China was made synthetically by using fuzzy cluster method.Four classes of division were used, viz., biodomain, subbiodomain, biome and bioregion. Five biodomains, seven subbiodomains and eighteen biomes were divided in China as follows:Ⅰ Boreal forest biodomain.ⅠA Eurasian boreal forest subbiodomain.ⅠA1 Southern Taiga mountain cold temperate coniferous forest biome;ⅠA2 North Asian mixed coniferous broad leaved forest biome.ⅡNorthern steppe and desert biodomain.ⅡB Eurasian steppe subbiodomain.ⅡB1 Inner Asian temperate grass steppe biome;ⅡB2 Loess Plateau warm temperate forest/shrub steppe biome.ⅡC Asia Africa desert subbiodomain.ⅡC1 Mid Asian temperate desert biome;ⅡC2 Mongolian/Inner Asian temperate desert biome.ⅢEast Asian biodomain.ⅢD East Asian deciduous broad leaved forest subbiodomain.ⅢD1 East Asian deciduous broad leaved forest biome.ⅢE East Asian evergreen broad leaved forest subbiodomain.ⅢE1 East Asian mixed deciduous evergreen broad leaved forest biome;ⅢE2 East Asian evergreen broad leaved forest biome;ⅢE3 East Asian monsoon evergreen broad leaved forest biome;ⅢE4 Western East Asian mountain evergreen broad leaved forest biome.ⅣPalaeotropical subdomain.ⅣF India Malaysian tropical forest subbiodomain.ⅣF1 Northern tropical rain forest/seasonal rain forest biome;ⅣF2 Tropical island coral reef vegetation biome.V Asian plateau biodomain.ⅤG Tibet Plateau subbiodomain.ⅤG1 Tibet alpine high cold shrub meadow biome;ⅤG2 Tibet alpine high cold steppe biome;ⅤG3 Tibet alpine high cold desert biome;ⅤG4 Tibet alpine temperate steppe biome;ⅤG5 Tibet alpine temperate desert biome.


Free market advocates consider consumer choice unambiguously welfare-enhancing. But opponents argue that consumers are often unable to make choices aligned with their well-being, and that being dis...


This paper reports the results of a project aiming to use survey and excavation of the Gothemshammar rampart in a digital reconstruction to understand the site in its original landscape setting. Ex ...


This experiment was designed to investigate whether and how decreasing the amount of attentional focus invested in postural control could affect bipedal postural control. Twelve participants were asked to stand upright as immobile as possible on a force platform in one control condition and one cognitive condition. In the latter condition, they performed a short-term digit-span memory task. Decreased center-of-gravity displacements and decreased center-of-foot-pressure displacements minus center-of-gravity displacements were observed in the cognitive condition relative to the control condition. These results suggest that shifting the attentional focus away from postural control by executing a concurrent attention-demanding task could increase postural performance and postural efficiency.


Speciation involves both ecological adaptation and reproductive isolation. This paper reviews various ways in which plants could achieve reproductive isolation as a direct result of adaptation to prevailing conditions, particularly through changes in flowering time, the adoption of self-fertilization, and changes in flower morphology so that different pollinators are attracted. These characters are likely to have a relatively simple genetic architecture, and there must frequently be genetic variance for them in natural populations. It is argued that speciation could thus be initiated swiftly in plants, without any need for a "genetic revolution" or the fixation of genes with strongly epistatic interactions. Postmating barriers also often have a simple genetic basis in plants, and so could also evolve swiftly if associated with an adaptive response. The nature of the genetic changes associated with speciation in a number of recent speciation events in Layia, Stephanomeria, and Mimulus is reviewed.Key words...


By doxorubicin L\|poly lactic acid microspheres implantated in the the bone lacuna of rabbits, it observed, the effect of sustaining releasing of Doxorubicin L\|poly lactic acid microspheres on heart, liver, kidneys and peripheral cytometry, and the damage to the bone observed by histological method. The results showed that sustaining releasing of Doxorubicin L\|poly lactic acid microspheres had no obvious toxicity effect and in high dosage could reduce with the absorb of the drugs.


The management of patients with ulcerative colitis has been well established since the trials of corticosteroids and sulphasalazine in the 1950s and 60s. However, the last decade has seen the introduction of a variety of new steroids, salicylates, immunosuppressive agents and other compounds directed against specific inflammatory mediators. In this review we will attempt to define the place of the many drugs now used in ulcerative colitis.


Abstract Information technology has had a profound effect on the preservation landscape at the beginning of the twenty-first century, blurring the traditional boundaries separating cultural heritage institutions and demanding new skills and approaches to the management of cultural assets, whether digital or analog. Concepts around which the core principles of preservation were built have been challenged and are shifting to accommodate new practices and standards. Changes in our approach to longevity, choice, quality, integrity, and access are being driven by digital technologies. A new set of principles, applicable to all materials, whether digital or not, are proposed. In the context and aims of preservation as we understand it today, these principles are a framework for the management of our cultural heritage collections.


I examine the role of the burdens of judgement argument in Rawls's defence of the claim that liberalism cannot be based on a comprehensive doctrine. According to Rawls, the burdens of judgement make it very unlikely that most individuals can agree on anything more than a purely political morality. I argue that the argument does not succeed. I concentrate on the last three burdens which are specifically about problems of reaching normative agreement. Firstly, I argue that Rawls's claim that modern society inevitably gives rise to a diversity of values is not convincing since for every claim of divergence a counterclaim of convergence can be provided. Secondly, I provide examples of plausible agreement on partial comprehensive doctrines. Thirdly, I argue that liberalism must rely on at least one partial comprehensive doctrine, namely, the value of autonomous choice. I conclude that the burdens of judgement argument does not demonstrate that liberalism cannot be based on comprehensive moral foundations.


In order to clarify the toxic effects of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments on bivalve mollusks, the acute toxicity and effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on antioxidant enzyme activities were studied using Maoctra veneriformis as a test organism. Our results showed that the health status of the Maoctra veneriformis gradually weakened with the increase of exposure time and concentration of petroleum hydrocarbon, and mortality occurred in the high-concentration group at the end of the exposure. The activities of peroxidase (POD) showed a trend of first decrease and then increase with the prolong of exposure time, and POD activity was significantly induced in some concentration groups at the beginning and the end of the exposure (P < 0.01). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) generally decreased first and then increased as the petroleum hydrocarbons concentration increased. With the prolong of exposure time, the SOD activity decreased first and then increased and then decreased. Our results showed that petroleum hydrocarbons in the sediment produced a certain toxic effect on Maoctra veneriformis, and there was a certain time-dose-effect relationship between anti-oxidase activity and petroleum hydrocarbons. Meanwhile, petroleum hydrocarbons can produce significant induction or inhibition effect on anti-oxidase activity.


With an aging underground infrastructure and the influence of other factors such as population growth, tighter health and environmental requirements, inadequate inspection and maintenance, and lack of consistency and uniformity in design, construction and operation practices, the performances of underground infrastructure is in very serious condition. It is reported that 70% of Chinese cities do not have the basic data about the underground infrastructure, which frequently results in damage to existing underground infrastructure on the construction job site. The direct and indirect economic loss is estimated up to 6 billion dollars each year in mainland China. In this paper, the authors discuss the present conditions of underground infrastructure in detail, analyze the main factors affecting the performances of underground infrastructure, and put forth some long term methods or efforts which should be taken to ensure the sustainability of underground infrastructure in mainland China.


The undetected error probability of linear block codes for both error detection and correction is estimated with importance sampling. Formulas for optimum bias transition probability and simulation efficiency are obtained theoretically. Simulation results for the (15,7) BCH code and the (23,12) Golay code show that the importance sampling is a very efficient method.


Stoichiometric Ba x Sr 1-x TiO 3 (BST) thin films with various values of x were prepared on Si(100) substrates by the sol-gel method. The influence of Sr content on the structure and the optical properties was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) in the UV-visible region. The measured SE spectra were analyzed with an appropriate procedure to accurately determine the thickness and the optical constants of thin films. It has been found that the optical constants of the BST films are functions of the film composition. The optical bandgap energy increases with the increasing of Sr content.


MIRLET7F2 pre-miRNA is an oligonucleotide that is encoded by the human MIRLET7F2 gene and has a role in the regulation of gene expression.


Abstract Since the mid-1970s radio-echo soundings have been conducted on Iceland's temperate glaciers. Since then, low-frequency radar technology has furthered the study of most of the island's ice caps. Their masses and volumes have been quantified and detailed subglacial topographic maps produced which demarcate glacial drainage basins and identify subglacial lakes and volcanoes. Even internal tephra layers have been charted. The resulting data have been used to force and validate models of past and future glacier evolution. Many practical applications in glacier hydrology have come into being, including hydropower management, road and bridge planning and the prediction of catastrophic flood paths from subglacial eruption sites. Finally, emerging landscapes can now be foreseen in places where glaciers may soon disappear. These achievements would not have been possible without the advances in RES technology.


Introduction The concept of "international migration" has gained contemporary importance in the International Relation discipline. Simply, international migration refers to change of residence over national boundaries. An international migrant is someone who moves to a different country leaving their origin country permanently. International migrants are further classified as legal immigrants, illegal immigrants, and refugees. The distinction between internal and international migration is crucial because they happen for different reasons and internal migration occurred within the national boundaries or within the country, but international migration occurred between international boundaries or countries. Today in the universal world, international migration became a core concept which influence to the population growth, economy and security of a country. Today the estimated number of international migrants in worldwide is 214 million. The total number of international migrants has increased over the last 10 years from an estimated 150 million in 2000 to 214 million persons today in 2010 (Massey, 2012) . One of out of every 33 persons in the world today is a migrant (whereas in 2000 one out of every 35 persons was a migrant). The present paper is intended to lineout the categories of international migration.


Regression equations relating the intake factor to the dissolved faeces fraction, faecal nitrogen and faecal cellulose contents were derived in a continous digestibility trial with cut herbage, and also with sheep fitted with oesophageal fistulae grazing the pasture from which the herbage was cut. In the grazing trial the intake factor was calculated from the in vitro digestibility of the fistula samples. The relationships established in the digestiblity trial differed significantly (P The digestibility of the diet selected in the grazing trial was estimated from the various faecal index relationships established. These estimates were very variable. In contrast there was reasonable agreement between estimates derived by the fistula technique and those predicted from a 'general' relationship between the intake factor and faecal nitrogen as established at this Laboratory with a wide range of herbages. It is concluded that faecal index relationships must be derived with material similar to that selected by the sheep when grazing.


This thesis tests the Normal Inverse Gaussian (NIG) distribution as an improvement of the normal distribution in a Black-Scholes setting. The NIG distribution is better at catching characteristics such as heavy tails and peakedness than the normal distribution and is an improvement of the normal distribution in terms of historical calibration. A calibration on option prices using the closed-form formula for a European call option price is limited by computation time and instability. Insurance products are valued using the NIG distribution, resulting in unstable but higher prices than the standard Black Scholes ones which can be related to the larger jumps observed in the NIG distribution. The NIG has marginal influence on Markowitz's portfolio theory which only depends on volatility and return; these are similar for the NIG and normal distribution.


Three coals from different localities (Datong, Wandoan and Illinois) were used in this study. Immersion time measurements were carried out to assess wettability of coal surface using 100-200 mesh coals. Flotation tests were conducted by introducing air, nitrogen and carbon dioxide gases, respectively. After sparging the gases into coal slurries, the slurries were chemically analyzed. For flotation and chemical analysis fine coals (mean particle size: about 30 pm) were used. Some of the coals were treated with 0.6 kgf/cm2 of carbon dioxide gas prior to the experiments. The collectors used were kerosene for Datong coal and heavy oil A for the other coals.The hydrophobicity of three coals treated with carbon dioxide became slightly higher than that of untreated coals. When sparging carbon dioxide gas, the highest amounts of calcium and magnesium were dissolved from Datong and Wandoan coals and the amounts of bassanite and calcite in the coals were simultaneously decreased. By flotation with carbon dioxide, the maximum yield was obtained for the coals treated with carbon dioxide than the untreated coals, but the ash content of the froth products was high. For these froth products cleaner flotation with frother alone was carried out, and the ash content of clean coals was improved for Datong coal but not for Wandoan and Illinois coals. This was mainly caused by the difference in the liberation degree and flotation behavior of mineral matters in the coals, and the difference in the collectors used.


The tourism industry is still in the recovery period after experiencing the suspension caused by the COVID-19 epidemic. At present, it seems that the epidemic prevention and control has become a routine job, in this context, some changes and new trends are taking place to the tourism industry. This paper analyzes the data based on the tourism market and discusses the major trends in the development of the tourism industry. The analysis reveals that the consumer appetite to travel was not blunted by COVID-19 even if many countries and regions are currently closed for tourists. Health and safety continue to be main concerns of tourists during their travels. In addition, there is a growing tendency toward industrial integration as the tourism demand is becoming increasingly diversified and personalized. Another definite trend in the tourism industry is the digitalization construction in tourist destinations. It is certain that the digital technology will provide travel businesses with more possibilities, and the tourism industry, guided by the innovation-driven development strategy, will have a promising future.


We theoretically investigate a possibility of an ηd bound state and its formation in the γd → ηd reaction. First, in the fixed center approximation to the Faddeev equations we obtain an ηd bound state with a binding energy of 25 MeV and width of 19 MeV, where we take the ηN interaction with a coupling to the ηN channel from the linear σ model. Then, in order to investigate the feasibility from an experimental point of view, we calculate the cross section of the γd → ηd reaction at the photon energy in the laboratory frame around 1.2 GeV. As a result, we find a clear peak structure with the strength ∼ 0.2 nb/sr, corresponding to a signal of the ηd bound state in case of backward η emission. This structure will be prominent because a background contribution coming from single-step η emission off a bound nucleon is highly suppressed. In addition, the signal can be seen even in case of forward η emission as a bump or dip, depending on the relative phase between the bound-state formation and the single-step background.


This is a collection of eight papers by different authors on the biological and genetic implications of human migration. The book "synthesises the biological consequences of changed environments on the migrants and the genetic impact of immigration on the host populations. Patterns of migration past and present and genetic epidemiological and demographic consequences are considered....Individual chapters deal with the peopling of the continents migration in the recent past the effects of gene flow and rural to urban migration. In addition a detailed analysis of the relationship between migration adaptation and disease is presented." (EXCERPT)


We propose a new model for scaling applications with increasing power budget, which we call the iso-powerefficiency function. We show that viewing scaling in this way has advantages over the previously proposed is efficiency function that assumes all processors run at maximum power. Our experimental results show that over provisioning can result in better scaling under a power budget.


The Creativity Age Bernbach to the Future The Storytellers Digital is Not a Channel How to Not Write Advertising Life in Adland Bringing Ideas to Life It's Just Getting Good Appendix And Now a Few Words From Lee Clow


Bis(fluorodiisopropylsilyl)amine [(Me2HC)2SiF]2NH (1) reacts with the disodium salt of catechole or the disodium salt of resorcinol in a molar ratio 1:1 to give the seven-membered heteraphane [HN(Me2HC)2SiO]2C6H4 (2) resp. the 16-membered heteraphane [HN(Me2HC)2SiOC6H4OSi(CHMe2)2]2 (3). The chain-like compound [(Me2HC)2SiFNHSi(CHMe2)2O]2C6H4 (4) is obtained by the reaction of 1 with disodium resorcinolate.


a microcosm of the Israeli society complex. This special report presents the findings of the audit conducted on two issues related to mixed cities: Policing and Law Enforcement in Mixed Cities - during Guardian of the Walls' Operation and in General; Municipal Services in Mixed Cities.


Wastes from breeding farms have globally increased greenhouse gases and caused a serious pollution to aquatic environments. Biogas treatment polymer bags could significantly reduce organic compounds; however, they could not effectively treat other pollutants in animal wastewater. The objective of this study was to assess removal efficiency of salinity and pollutants associated with pig wastewater using aquatic macrophytes. Four macrophytes namely Acrotichum aureum, Eleocharis dulcis, Typha domengensis, and Limnophyton obtusifolium and a soil control without vegetation were randomly assigned into fifteen mesocosms (1.2 x 0.7 x 0.6m) with 3 replicates for each treatment. Pig wastewater was filled continuously into input chambers of mesocosms in every three day with 5 liters. Water samples were collected from output chambers with 60 and 120 days after treatment while soil and vegetation samples were collected at the beginning and the end of the experiment. The results showed that E. dulcis, T. domengensis, and L. obtusifolium were dominant in removal of N, P, Cu and Zn and suspended solids as well; E. dulcis and T. domengensis significantly increased the dissolved oxygen; whereas the treatment ofL. obtusifolium species showed the best efficiency in salt-ion removal. Pollutants of N, P, Cu and Zn tend to accumulate more in the macrophyte roots than in their leaves. Accumulation of N, P, Cu and Zn in theL. obtusifolium's biomass is the highest compared with other treatments. From findings, it is suggested that a combination of three aquatic macrophytes including E. dulcis, T. domengensis, and L. obtusifolium could establish a constructed wetland system to directly treat pollutants of livestock wastewaters


This study examine the influence of bonus plan hypothesis, debt/equity hypothesis, political cost hypothesis, earning management, institutional ownership, public ownership, independent board and audit committee on firm value with corporate social responsibility as the intervening variable. The study population is 65 natural resource companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2012-2015. Based on purposive sampling method, 21 natural resource companies were selected (or 84 observations). Data was selected from the companies' financial reports and analysed by using path analysis. This study found that corporate social responsibility can be used as an intervening variable to mediate the effect of political cost hypothesis, earning management, and audit committee to firm value. But, it cannot mediate the effect of bonus plan hypothesis, debt/equity hypothesis, institutional ownership, public ownership and independent board to firm value.


This paper presents certain results of an experimental study related with a damage detection in structural elements based on deviations in guided elastic wave propagation patterns. In order to excite guided elastic waves within specimens tested piezoelectric transducers have been applied. As excitation signals 5 sine cycles modulated by Hanning window have been used. Propagation of guided elastic waves has been monitored by a scanning Doppler laser vibrometer. The time signals recorded during measurement have been utilised to calculate the values of RMS. It has turned out that the values of RMS differed significantly in damaged areas from the values calculated for the healthy ones. In this way it has become possible to pinpoint precisely the locations of damage over the entire measured surface. All experimental investigations have been carried out for thin aluminium or composite plates. Damage has been simulated by a small additional mass attached on the plate surface or by a narrow notch cut. It has been shown that proposed method allows one to localise damage of various shapes and sizes within structural elements over the whole area under investigation.


This paper measures and studies the policy implications of two closely related concepts of equilibrium rates of interest. We estimate the natural and the neutral rate of interest within a large-scale DSGE model, where the former rate is defined as the real interest rate that would prevail in the absence of nominal rigidities and inefficient variation in mark-ups while the latter rate is the real interest rate that sets output equal to its potential and hence closes the output gap. To assess the drivers behind the variation of these rates, we decompose latent variables into the contributions from the structural shocks. Furthermore, we propose a novel approach to decompose latent variables that accounts for shock contributions in terms of movements in input data. We show that fluctuations in both latent variables are driven by risk premium shocks at low frequencies and productivity at higher frequencies. We conclude that the labor market input data provide most information for inference about the neutral and natural interest rates in our model.


The surface state of mechanical components differs according to applied loadings. Industrial processes may produce specific features at the surface, such as roughness, local hardening, residual stresses or recrystallization. Under fatigue loading, all these parameters will affect the component lifetime, but in different manner. A better understanding of each surface state parameter, separately first and then all combined, will provide a better prediction of fatigue life. The study focuses on the effect of surface roughness. Crystal plasticity finite element computations have been carried out on three-dimensional polycrystalline aggregates with different roughness levels. Local mechanical fields have been analyzed both at the surface and inside the bulk to highlight the competition between crystallography and roughness to impose localization patterns. As soon as surface roughness is strong enough, classical localization bands driven by grains orientation are replaced by localizations patterns driven by the local roughness topology. Nevertheless, this effect tends to decrease gradually under the surface, and it becomes usually negligible after the first layer of grains. The discussion allows us to characterize the influence of the surface state on the local mechanical fields.


Deep neural networks (DNNs) have seen great successful in various areas such as computer vision, speech recognition, and artificial intelligence. A major driver of such success is the rise of deep learning libraries, starting from Theano (Theano Development Team, 2016) and following by many popular libraries such as TensorFlow (Abadi et al., 2015), PyTorch (Paszke et al., 2017). The unique benefits that these libraries bring are: (1) completely transparent training and prediction, (2) modular DNN construction with interchangeable components. A DNN component can vary dramatically in terms of size and complexity, ranging from a single matrix operator, to a highly complex deep neural network such as convolutional neural networks (CNN) or long short-term memory (LSTM). All the components share the same interface, which enables a user to replace one component by another with almost no changes on other parts of the code. Modularity in the programming languages used by deep learning libraries revolutionizes the development, communication and deployment of DNNs. The ability to package a state-of-the-art implementation into a standard module and distribute enables rapid development with much lower chance of having bugs and performance issues comparing with re-implementing from scratch, which makes research results more reproducible. Communication about ongoing research method and results becomes much easier, as running a different experiment or modifying a network only requires to change a few lines of code. The standardized interface of components enables better testing and maintainability. It eases the transition of a research implementation into an industrial software.


The shock/separated boundary layer interaction on transonic airfoil may result in shock oscillation which in turn may lead to wing buffet.Shock oscillation over transonic airfoil might be controlled by modifying the flow in the shock/boundary layer interaction region and by manipulating the wake flow near airfoil trailing edge.The effects of trailing edge jet on the airfoil wake flow and on shock oscillations were simulated by numerical methods.The flow around an 18% thick biconvex airfoil with various jet velocities were computed,and the effects on shock oscillation and aerodynamic characteristics were analyzed.It is found that the trailing edge jet will suppress the shock oscillation and improve the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoil.


It is considered as a challenge for RABiTS route to get cube textured Ni-W alloy substrates with high mechanical and magnetic properties for coated conductors. The works of our group in recent years are summarized about different Ni-W substrates with high W content and composite tapes made by RABiTS technique. The fabrication process and the mechanism of cube texture formation in above different tapes are studied systematically. Compared with commercial Ni-5 at.%W substrate, these alloy substrates show a comparable texture quality and improved mechanical properties as well as reduced or zero magnetization especially in the novel composite substrates.


Based on the analysis of floor heave disaster appeared in the Shilin tunnel,and the survey of the field geology of the section,the induction factors of floor heave,such as characteristic of surrounding rock,formation pressure,underground water,supporting conditions and the rheology property are demonstrated.Through analyzing the formation mechanism caused by different induction factors deeply,it is indicated that the disaster appeared in Shilin Tunnel is comprehensive floor heave,which posses the characteristics of water swell,extrusion flow and time effect.Considering the influence of the horizontal fault,the tunnel floor is treated as shell structure,and the estimate formula of the displacement for it is suggested.Moreover,the formula is in the consideration of nonassociate inducible factors.The important conclusion is that the bending displacement of the tunnel floor takes up a significant proportion of the total displacement.The above results can further deepen the understanding about the formation mechanism of the floor heave disaster induced by the horizontal fault.And it also provides a reliable reference to the disaster prevention of tunnel floor heave.


Under certain conditions of periodic excitation where both the input amplitude as well as the input frequency are varying, nonlinear multimodal systems can be forced exhibit a response in which jumps down occur for both an increase as well as a decrease in input frequency from a median value. This interesting phenomenon is termed `isolated jump resonance?. Systems of this type exhibit considerable sensitivity to changes in input frequency or amplitude at the occurrence of the jumps. Application of such systems as sensitivie detectors of frequency deviations in a periodic signal are proposed. A discussion of design considerations is given and a description is included of a system which has been constructed.


We synthetized a homologous series of molecules (MVnn'Q) where a methylviologen (MV) and a aminochloronaphtoquinone (Q) are linked to each other via a flexible chain. Using the electron pulse radiolysis technique, we have measured time-resolved spectra and rate constant for intra and intermolecular electron transfer between donor and acceptor site of the MVnn'Q molecules in water and in SDS micellar solution.