Discusses the significance of English listening-teaching and analyzes the influencing factors on the level of listening. Expounds that the learners should form their own schemata of culture recognition and combine the culture recognition with both their native and target languages effectively so as to get the purpose of communication through the statements of schema theory and culture recognition. Emphasizes the key roles of culture recognition to play in present English teaching, and then analyzes the impacts on the listening comprehensions in view of cultural discrepancy relevant to substance, system and spirit. Several facts are exemplified to show how teachers inspire their students' abilities of culture recognition and listening comprehension by using vocabulary phrases, dialogues, background notes and films in English listening.


The numbers and types of workers in long-term care facilities may affect the quality of care in these facilities. Recent research has demonstrated that the supply of workers in nursing homes changes in response to macroeconomic conditions. Our study examines how staffing rates and mortality in long-term care institutions are affected by unemployment rates using data from public long-term care institutions in Japan. We find that the supply of skilled nursing care workers is sensitive to the macroeconomy and that mortality in long-term care institutions varies with these cyclic variations. These findings imply that cyclic fluctuations in mortality in longterm care institutions depend partially on cyclic fluctuations in the number of skilled nursing care workers.


When large matrix problems are treated, the locality of storage reference is very important. Usually higher locality of storage reference is attained by means of block algorithms. This paper introduces an implementation of block Householder transformation based on the block reflector (Schreiber, 1988) or "GGT" representation rather than on the method using "WYT" representations or compact "WYT" or "YTYT"(Bischof, 1993, etc.). This version of block Householder transformation can be regarded as a most natural extension of the original non-blocked Householder transformation, with the matrix elements of the algorithm changed from numbers to small matrices. Thus, an algorithm that uses the non-blocked version of Householder transformation can be converted into the corresponding block algorithm in the most natural manner. To demonstrate the implementation of the Householder method based on the block reflector described in this paper, block tridiagonalization of a dense real symmetric matrix is carried out to calculate the required number of eigenpairs, following the idea of the two-step reduction method(Bischof, 1996, etc.).


The construction of green airport is the key way to realize sustainable development, efficient operation and environmental integration. The basic characteristics of green airport included: resource saving, environment friendly, efficient operation and people-oriented. On the basis of investigating the development history of green airport, the key technologies and experiences of large hub airport in energy conservation and emission reduction, environmental improvement and efficient operation were analyzed. This paper analyzed the problems existing in the construction of green airport in China, and put forward some development suggestions.


Preliminary phytochemical screening of the methanolic extract of the whole plant of Saccharum spontaneum Linn. (FamilyGramineae) revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, reducing sugar, tannins and saponins. The antidiarrhoeal activity of the extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) was assessed on experimental animal and a dose dependent decrease in the total number of faecal dropping was obsereved in castor oil induced diarrhoea in mice. The plant extract was also assessed for effect on the central nervous system (CNS) using a number of neuropharmacological experimental models in mice. The extract produced a dosedependent reduction of the onset and duration of pentobarbitone-induced hypnosis, reduction of locomotor and exploratory activities in the open field and hole cross tests. These results suggest that the extract possesses antidiarrhoeal and CNS depressant activity.


Objective To set up a human fetal intestine nude mouse xenograft model for the study of human intestine development.Methods The human fetal small intestines, which were obtained from 15 abortions, were cut into 70 segments for subcutaneous nude mice transplantations. Tissues were harvested at intervals of 4~6 weeks, 10 weeks and 6 months after transplantations for morphological study.Results 6 months after transplantation, in 24 of 66 live mice ((36.4%) implants mimicked the normal small intestine of the human neonate.Conclusions Human fetal intestine-nude mouse subcutaneous implant is a successful model for the study of human fetal intestine development.


Florentine writers of travel, on which is based this article, were no longer interested in writing about the Arabs as a people, charged with Christian symbols, but the Arabs became the subject of a new mode of observation. Something of the traditional theological device remained in the Florentine diaries but what interested travellers was the concrete observation made of the Eastern peoples grouped under the name of Saracens. The new approach, far from banishing symbolism from the representation of reality, stimulated its reinterpretation in the light of empirical observation. Field experiences were mingled with bookish knowledge; data collected first-hand was interwoven with the traditional repertoire of beliefs, producing an inseparable mixture. Given that the paradigm still remained that of St. Augustine, a great change had taken place: the Christian symbolism, in which the real city was that of God, passed to a civic symbolism whose point of reference was the city of men, shaped during the urban development that had changed the face of the West. The Augustinian background was always present, but was shifting its focus from being the city of God to the city built by Christians: the proximity to the city marked the degree of proximity to the human species. Only in the light of these considerations can one understand the full extent of the operation undertaken by Florentine diarists who described physically — but also socially — the populations of the Eastern Mediterranean.


(1999). Stretching during Warm-Up: Do We Have Enough Evidence? Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 70, No. 7, pp. 24-27.


We define quantum multi-stack machines (abbr. QMSMs) by generalizing quantum pushdown automata (abbr. QPDAs) dealt with before from one-stack to multi-stack, and the well-formedness (abbr. W-F) conditions for characterizing the unitary evolution are presented. Afterwards, by means of QMSMs we define quantum multi-counter machines (abbr. QMCMs) that are somewhat different from the quantum counter automata (abbr. QCAs) in the literature; as well, the W-F conditions are given for these defined devices. To simulate quantum Turing machines (abbr. QTMs), we deal with a number of simulations between QMCMs with different counters and different counts. In particular, we demonstrate the efficient simulations of QTMs in terms of QMSMs and QMSMs. To conclude, some remarks are included, and a number of issues are proposed for further considerations.


Alloy 7097 is a quench insensitive Al-Mg-Zn-Cu-Zr alloy engineered for the most advantageous combination of strength, corrosion resistance, and fracture toughness in thick structural applications. This datasheet provides information on key alloy metallurgy of alloy 7097 and processing effects on mechanical properties of alloy 7097-T7651 plate.


The dawning of a supposed 'age of peace' at the end of the Cold War Jed to much speculation on both 'sides of the former Super‐pouter divide as to the possibilities for military to civilian conversion. An undeniably attractive idea, but can conversion really 'work on the scale necessary to make an impact? And what conditions are necessary for it to succeed? Here Dr Oleg Terebov takes the historical example of the American military aircraft company Republic and its attempts in the 1940s to move into the civil aircraft sector as an example, highlighting the programmes and pitfalls that ultimately led to failure. He points to direct lessons that the Russian defence industries must take on board if they are to survive the tough conditions for all defence industries in the future.


Objective: To evaluate the probable factors that might predict the outcome of conservative management of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) in myelodysplastic patients. Patients and Methods: A retrospective review of 24 children with VUR secondary to neurogenic bladder (15 girls and 9 boys, age range 1–18 years) out of 75 myelodysplasia patients between 1994 and 1996 was made. Patients were grouped according to their response to conservative management: Group I: patients with their VUR resolved or downgraded (n = 15), and group II: patients with their VUR unchanged or increased (n = 9). The following parameters were compared between the two groups: age, sex, VUR grade and laterality, urodynamic parameters (bladder capacity, compliance, leak point pressure), type of bladder neuropathy, accompanying neuropathology (walking problem, anal incontinence). Results: Most of the parameters studied failed to predict the outcome of conservative management of VUR in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Higher grades of VUR if bilateral seem to benefit more from conservative management than lower grades do. Conservative management appears to be more effective in hyperreflexic bladders than areflexic bladders in terms of VUR resolution. Conclusion: Although prediction of patients resistant to conservative management of VUR could save myelodysplastic children from prolonged risk of renal damage, current methods of evaluation are of very little help in this aspect.


Music Has No Sorrow or Joy is one of the most important musical theory in China.Firstly,the article discusses the background and the main contents of the book; and then,analyses the social functions of the music.With a view to citizen quality education,the article probes into the relationship between the music and the citizen quality education.


This article presents the SCORS method (Social cognition and object relation scale), created by Drew Westen (1990) to score the TAT stories, particularly for empirical studies. SCORS cover eight 7-point scales, used to score many aspects of object relations, as they appear in the TAT stories. The eight scales are presented and the international validation studies of SCORS are synthesized. The clinical interest of SCORS is illustrated by scoring three stories by two subjects (normal and schizophrenia). The interests and limits of SCORS are discussed. The empirical methods, like SCORS, allow TAT data to be used in empirical and quantitative studies which are of great interest for research in clinical psychology.


Tangent-line methods and adaptive waveform interpretation with Gaussian filtering (AWIGF) have been proposed for determining reflection positions of time domain reflectometry (TDR) waveforms. However, the accuracy of those methods is limited for short-probe TDR sensors. Second-order bounded mean oscillation (BMO) may be an alternative method to determine reflection positions of short-probe TDR waveforms. For this study, an algorithm of second-order BMO is developed. Example waveforms are analyzed with tangent-line methods, AWIGF method, and second-order BMO to illustrate the difference among the three methods. For some waveforms, second-order BMO appears be able to give more plausible results. Automatic implementation was challenging for the second-order BMO. With second-order BMO, it is difficult to set a default threshold suitably for all TDR waveforms. Thus, manual adjustment may be required to select a suitable threshold for second-order BMO analysis.


A 23-yr-old black man with a history of chronic renal failure secondary to Alport's syndrome was admitted to this hospital because of priapism. Medications at the time of admission included only propranolol. The patient noted a painful erection after intercourse that persisted for 12 hr until admission. Laboratory findings on admission included blood urea nitrogen 62 mgidl, hemoglobin 10.4 g/dl, and potassium 5.3 mEq/L. Hemoglobin electrophoresis did not reveal sickle cell disease or trait. Initial therapy included ice packs and amyl nitrate inhalation. The priapism persisted and the patient was brought to the operating room. Diazepam (10 mg) followed by ketamine in 50-mg increments to a total of 150 mg was administered without effect on the priapism. Inhalation anesthesia with nitrous oxide and oxygen (3:2) and halothane increasing in 0.5% increments up to 3% was initiated. This too, was ineffective, so 15 min after induction of anesthesia, 1 mg of physostigmine was also administered. We continued the halothane for another 35 min until it was decided to treat the patient surgically. A corpus cavernosa/spongiosum shunt and circumcision was performed. After this procedure, detumescence was only partially achieved. Priapism is caused by obstruction to the outflow of blood from the corpus cavernosa. If obstruction to flow within the corpus cavernosa is prolonged, evacuation of blood becomes more difficult because of increased viscosity and sludging of blood as well as edema formation (2). Initially priapism may be secondary to an autonomic imbalance and then ketamine and physostigmine might be successful if used early for the correction of this condition, but if, as in the present case, treatment is delayed, ketamine and physostigmine may not be successful.


The estimation of the state of a dynamical system from corrupted sensor data is difficult when data association conflicts, possibly unresolved measurements, and a complex system dynamics must be taken into account. With some necessity this problem calls for multiple hypothesis/multiple model estimators. In this context we consider experimental results from a multiple-target air surveillance application. Particular emphasis is placed on retrodiction, a generalization of standard fixed-interval smoothing to multiple model/multiple hypothesis filtering. If a certain time delay is tolerable, retrodiction provides unique and accurate tracks from a complex filtering output. Even a small delay may significantly ease the surveillance mission.


With the development of the MEMS technology,mobile sensor networks are becoming an active research area,in which the coverage algorithm is an important issue.We classify the existing algorithms into three species:the potential field algorithm,the Voronoi algorithm and the Delaunay algorithm,analyze their shortcomings,and give a new coverage algorithm which can really respond to the changes of the networks' topology in a distributed way.Simulation results show the proposed algorithm has a better performance.


This thesis comprises two chapters. The first chapter is a systematic review and synthesis of the literature on the relationship between attachment style and challenging behaviour in people with developmental disabilities (DD). From seven identified papers, which include correlational and intervention studies, the findings show that there is limited evidence to suggest that there is a relationship between attachment style and challenging behaviour in people with DD. The second chapter of the thesis is a quantitative study, which examines whether young adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) can be taught about early attachment behaviours between parents and infants using a DVD. Based on a within-subjects research design, sixteen participants with ID took part in three conditions: pre-intervention, post-intervention and follow up. The intervention comprised an adapted 'Attachment in Practice DVD' (Siren Films, 2009) and a booklet summarising the content of the DVD. Knowledge and understanding of attachment behaviours was measured using seven semi-structured interview questions developed by the authors. The findings show that young adults with ID can be taught about attachment behaviours using a DVD. However, retaining this information over a period of two weeks was challenging for the participants. Strategies to help people with ID retain this information are discussed.


Inventory record inaccuracy is a significant problem for retailers using automated inventory management systems. In this paper, we consider an intelligent inventory management tool that accounts for record inaccuracy using a Bayesian belief of the physical inventory level. We assume that excess demands are lost and unobserved, in which case sales data reveal information about physical inventory levels. We show that a probability distribution on physical inventory levels is a sufficient summary of past sales and replenishment observations, and that this probability distribution can be efficiently updated in a Bayesian fashion as observations are accumulated. We also demonstrate the use of this distribution as the basis for practical replenishment and inventory audit policies and illustrate how the needed parameters can be estimated using data from a large national retailer. Our replenishment policies avoid the problem of "freezing," in which a physical inventory position persists at zero while the corresponding record is positive. In addition, simulation studies show that our replenishment policies recoup much of the cost of inventory record inaccuracy, and that our audit policy significantly outperforms the popular "zero balance walk" audit policy.


[1] On the surface, the question of authorship appears simple: the sole author of this review must be Robin Attas. However, thinkers such as Roland Barthes (1977) and Michel Foucault (1977) have famously complicated the sole-author idea for written texts, and film critics since the 1950s have raised further questions about how to assign authorship to an art form created by a group rather than an individual.(1) But what of the author in popular music, perhaps one of the most significant and pervasive art forms in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries? Ron Moy's Authorship Roles in Popular Music: Issues and Debates (hereafter, Authorship) joins a handful of prior studies in filling this gap.(2)[2] Moy is not a music theorist, and the genre of Authorship fits best within media and cultural studies. However, Moy is certainly a scholar of popular music, and his book reflects the interdisciplinary and wide-ranging nature of the field of popular music studies, while also including some detailed discussion of musical sounds that might pique a music theorist's interest. As a pop music theorist, I found myself grateful for the broader perspectives that Moy brings to the music I study. And even for music theorists not interested in popular music, this book can hold value. Our work relies upon an (often-unconscious) attribution of creative agency and authorship for the music we analyze. Studies such as Moy's force us to question our role in that attribution, and consider creative musical sources we may have overlooked.[3] Rather than suggesting a single overarching theory of authorship or drawing a neat conclusion, Moy raises a plethora of "issues and debates" and discusses a variety of short case studies that beg for expansion by scholarly specialists. This results in a unique writing style that mixes the personal anecdotes of a pop-music fan, academically-oriented summaries of centuries-long schools of thought compressed into a paragraph or two, and numerous brief discussions of songs, musicians, and record labels. While these examples appear to be drawn mostly from Moy's own personal playlist, and so do not cover the full gamut of pop-music history, there is still a considerable variety of genres, genders, races, and nationalities represented. Readers seeking a more straightforward academic text may be frustrated by the mixed tones and limited scope of examples, but if one adjusts one's expectations towards simply getting a taste of the range of "issues and debates" present in pop-music authorship, Moy's writing becomes more rewarding.[4] This approach also means that rather than presenting an absolute definition of author/auteur,(3) Moy touches on a number of possible definitions based on previous authors' work. He writes: "In an increasingly fragmented and pluralistic era . . . all unifying theories relating to authorship can be said to be, at the very least, open to challenge" (xi). Thus, Moy ends his introduction with a list of ten "key concepts" important to the remainder of the book. While on first pass the list seemed overly long and a disengaging style of prose, referring back to it when reading later sections was a helpful way for this reader to stay grounded in Moy's primary purpose.[5] Such back-and-forth reading was not necessarily encouraged by the book itself, since each chapter reads mostly as a stand-alone essay that tackles one aspect of the pop music author/auteur topic. Further, the title of each chapter only hints at the points Moy addresses. For instance, in the first chapter, "The Studio/Label as Auteur," Moy's exploration of whether the Motown studio can be considered an author/auteur embraces such diverse issues as the impact of location (both Detroit generally and Motown's Hitsville USA recording studio specifically); Mikhail Bakhtin's notion of the "chronotope";(4) a list of defining characteristics of the "Motown sound" including instrumentation, studio mix, tempo, genre influences, and instrumental roles in the groove; a consideration of the influence (or lack thereof) of Motown's session players, collectively known as the Funk Brothers; a historical summary of the careers of the songwriting/producing team of Eddie Holland, Lamont Dozier, and Brian Holland both during and after Motown; a similar exploration of the career of writer/producer Norman Whitfield; a discussion of how the 1980s British label PWL (Pete Waterman Ltd. …


Ramirez, L.; Berto, B.P.; Teixeira Filho, W.L.; Flausino, W.; Meireles, G. S. de; Rodrigues, J. da S.; Almeida, C.R.R. & Lopes, C.W.G. Eimeria bareillyi from the domestic water buffalo, Bubalus bubalis, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. (Eimeria bareillyi do bufalo domestico, Bubalus bubalis, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.) Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinaria, 31(4):261-264, 2009. Curso de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 07, Seropedica, RJ 23890-000, Brasil. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com This study reports domestic water buffalos, Bubalus bubalis, parasitized by Eimeria bareillyi. Its oocyts were pyriform, with smooth, bilayered wall, 29.5 (27-33) x 21.3 (20-24) μm length and width respectively. Micropyle was present, without a micropyle cap. Polar granule and oocyst residuum were absent. Sporocysts were elongating ellipsoidal. Stieda body was present; however, substieda and parastieda bodies were absent. Sporocyst residuum was present and sporozoites presented a refractile body and a nucleus. Sporulated oocysts of E. bareillyi were uniforms in their distribution, evidencing the presence of a single species in spite of polymorphic in its shape.


Fortran provides a standardized mechanism for interoperating with C. Any entity involved must be such that equivalent declarations of it may be made in the two languages. This is enforced within the Fortran program by requiring all such entities to be interoperable. We explain in turn what this requires for types, variables, and procedures. They are all requirements on the syntax so that the compiler knows at compile time whether an entity is interoperable. We examine interoperability for global data and then discuss some examples.


The microstructural evolution and mechanical behaviour of 2205-type duplex stainless steel were studied after plate warm rolling at 600 °C with 60% and 80% thickness reduction and subsequently annealed at 1050 °C for 300 s. With increasing thickness reduction level, ferrite-phase α-fibre became weaker and γ-fibre was developed. For the austenite phase, a weakening of Brass component and increases in Goss and Copper components was observed. A transition from bamboo type into a pearl structure from the 60% sample to the 80% warm-rolled annealed sample was observed. An average tensile strength of 794 MPa was assessed through tensile tests. Post deformation tests demonstrated an increase in microhardness toward the fractured areas and a deformation-induced martensitic transformation was observed in transmission electron microscope results in those regions for all conditions.


ZrC-TiC solid solutions are considered as a promising candidate for ultra-high-temperature structural applications. ZrxTi1-xC (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) solid solutions have been prepared by combustion synthesis method using Zr, Ti and C elemental powder. The effect of Zr/Ti mole ratio on the phase composition, microstructure, oxidation resistance and near-infrared emission property of the synthesized samples were investigated. It was found that the prepared samples with different Zr/Ti mole ratio all have formed a single cubic structure. The grain size of Ti rich solid solution developed to a larger size than that of Zr rich samples. ZrxTi1-xC solid solution with x=0.4 has a higher starting oxidation temperature of ∼650°C than that of the other solid solution samples. The prepared solid solution with x=0.4 also shows the largest emissivity of 0.79 in 0.75-2.5μm and 0.76 in 3-5μm wavelength range. The prepared ZrxTi1-xCsolid solution samples by combustion synthesis method, which exhibit good near-infrared emission property could be regard as a promising ablation resistant material.


Obtaining good samples from high dimensional target distributions by adaptive importance sampling (AIS) methods to approximate target distributions is usually very hard, especially when not much is known about the target distribution. The main difficulty is in adapting the proposal distribution to become closer to the target distribution. The Variational Auto-Encoder (VAE) is a probabilistic deep computational network that can capture lower dimensional coding of high dimensional data. This property gives it a potential to capture the structure of high dimensional target distributions. In this paper, we propose an AIS method that exploits variational autoencoding to construct better proposal distributions. We demonstrate that the proposed method has better performance than the standard AIS in terms of convergence speed and goodness-of-fit when sampling from high dimensional and highly structured target distributions.


Several aspects of the motivation for particle dark matter search are introduced. The experimental principles and present state of the most important experiments are presented. Direct searches for WIMPs are explained in some detail, indirect WIPM searches and axion searches are presented more briefly.


The focus of this thesis is on the performance enhancement of small antennas and design and veri cation of antennas for radio frequency identi cation (RFID) and wireless sensors. The work is presented in eight scienti c papers and in a summary, which introduces relevant fundamental concepts and previous work done in the eld of small antennas. Previously, several performance enhancement methods have been proposed to improve the antenna performance especially in mobile communication applications. However, solutions for the fundamental small antenna problem, high reactive energy and low radiation resistance, which in practice lead to narrowband and low e ciency operation, are rarely provided. In this thesis, alternative methods to alleviate the high reactive energy and low radiation resistance like material loading, non-Foster tuning and multi-port loading are discussed. Also, lately antennas for RFID and wireless sensor applications have gained growing interest. However, several characteristic design features exist for these antennas. Especially, the concept of platform insensitivity is essential and discussed in detail. Also, antenna designs and dual-band tuning technique applicable to RFID antennas are presented. In addition, wireless measurement techniques for RFID antenna veri cation are reported.


We found skin flukes in snubnose pompano (Trachinotus blochii) from a public aquarium and attempted clear identification of them to the species level by morphology and molecular analyses. Skin flukes were collected from snubnose pompano showing dyspnea, anorexia and mild hemorrhage on the skin. All the fish samples (n=2) were infected with the flukes on the skin, gill and eyes, covered with excessive mucus. The isolated worms were transferred for making slide specimen and PCR amplification targeting 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (mt cox1) and cytochrome b (Cytb) genes for further analyses. Morphology and measurements data of our slide specimen coincided with those of Neobenedenia girellae. The sequence data of 2 genes (28S rDNA and Cytb) and the phylogenetic trees revealed that our specimen consistently belonged to the N. girellae clade. For 18S rDNA and mt cox1 genes, there was no sequence of either of these 2 Neobenedenia species from the type host available in GenBank. This is the first record of N. girellae in snubnose pompano, but it is still unclear if the snubnose pompano is a natural host for N. girellae or not because N. girellae is known to have an unusual broad host range and the host-switching can occur particularly in captive conditions such as aquarium or aquaculture facilities.


The unfolded protein response PERK branch induces recruitment of misfolded proteins and the ubiquitin ligase HRD1 to the ER-derived quality control compartment (ERQC), a staging ground for ER-associated degradation (ERAD). This is accomplished by up-regulation of homocysteine-induced ER protein (Herp), which recruits the ERAD complex at the ERQC.


Methane is produced in landfills by anaerobic bacteria in the digestion of various organic materials found in the wastes. With the increasing cost of fuels the recovery of methane can be economic from some landfills. The rate of methane production can vary widely depending on factors such as the moisture content of the wastes, the pH, toxicity, temperature and amount of organic material available. Information regarding the rate of gas production and gas flow during pumping is needed to determine the potential of a site for methane recovery and in the design of a recovery system. The primary objective of this study was to develop gas flow models based on measurements of the pressure differential between landfill gas and atmospheric pressure that would enable the rate of gas production to be estimated. In the course of this investigation two landfill gas flow models were developed; a static model and a dynamic model.


The aim of the present study was to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of Contextual Therapy fair-centered (CT) (based on Ivan Böszörményi-Nagy) and Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) on increasing Marital Intimacy and reducing Marital Burnout in couples.
The method was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all couples who in 2017-2018 referred to the Sanam private office of counseling and psychological services (under the supervision of the Psychology and Counseling Organization of Iran) in the city of Urmia. Among them, 24 couples who have referred to this center due to marital conflicts, after matching the subjects and the criteria for entering and leaving the research, were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to three groups (Eight pairs in each group), which are two experimental groups and one control group. After performing the pretest, the Contextual Therapy group were performed 10 sessions and Emotion-Focused Therapy was 9 for each pair. The questionnaires used included Walker and Thompson's intimacy scale and Pines 's Burnout Scale. To analyze the data and hypotheses, the statistical test method of "repeated measurement variance analysis" and SPSS software were used.
Findings showed that the effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Therapy in increasing intimacy was significantly (p < 0.001) than the Contextual. But there is no significant difference between the two approaches in reducing "marital boredom", Also, the findings showed that, over time, the effectiveness of the Contextual Therapy approach to the Emotion-Focused Therapy in "marital burnout" is more stable.
Conclusion: In comparison Emotion-Focused Therapy a more effective effect in increasing intimacy and the effectiveness of the two approaches in reducing marital burnout is the same,but in the long run, the Contextual approach has shown better therapeutic stability in improving Marital burnout.


The document IFRS 7 requires disclosure of information about the nature and extent of risks arising from trading those instruments. There are several significant drawbacks in derivative price modeling which relate to global regulations of the derivatives market. Here we present a unified approach which in stochastic market interprets option price as a random variable. Therefore spot price does not complete characteristic of the price in stochastic environment. Complete derivatives price includes the spot price as well as the value of market risk implied by the use of the spot price. This interpretation is similar to the notion of the random variable in Probability Theory in which an estimate of the random variable completely defined by its cumulative distribution function. If random variable is assigned to price and observations are interpreted as spot prices then correspondent cumulative distribution function is associated with buyer market risk. Therefore buyer market risk is the value of the chance that the spot price is higher than it is implied by market scenarios.


The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and AHP analysis method are integrated into the computer numerical simulation software,The optimal scheme of coal mining is calculated by programming,and the actual case of Tangshan Kailuan Mine is analyzed.This method is objective,stable,simple in calculation,accurate,suitable to promote in large coal enterprises.


Introduction. A field report summarizing archaeological works — like findings proper — is a key source of information on conducted investigations. In the Soviet Union and present-day Russia, it has been common practice that findings be distributed among public museums or repositories affiliated to institutions in charge of those excavations, while field reports be obligatorily stored at scientific archives. Goals. The study attempts a comprehensive analysis of Kalmykia's field reports (1929–1991) and shall thereto enumerate field reports and identify repositories they are stored at, assess their availability in scientific discourse and forecast further studies. Results. The work clarifies scientific archives of the Institute of History of Material Culture (RAS) and the Institute of Archaeology (RAS) contain a total of 76 such reports (1929–1991), while Kalmyk Scientific Center (RAS) houses 42 reports compiled in 1975–1991. The latter period witnessed deliveries of 59 reports to the Institute of Archaeology (RAS), i.e. KalmSC never received 17 reports at all. In terms of availability in scientific discourse, the field reports can be divided into two clusters: those of 1929–1976 were published almost completely, and those of 1977–1991 have been published in fragments only. However, a number of experts, such as P. Rykov, I. Sinitsyn, U. Erdniev, P. Koltsov, E. Shnaidshteyn, M. Ochir-Goryaeva, have published virtually all field survey-related documents of theirs from the period between 1929 and 1991. Conclusions. The conducted analysis shows that appropriate use of field reports for scholarly purposes requires that efforts aimed at investigating the latter be duly integrated: further research and publication endeavors can be planned only after one gathers complete data together. To facilitate this, it is urgent to gain copies of reports missing at KalmSC, and this shall be possible only after all the reports be made completely available. This shall prevent cases characterized by that — when it comes to compile a selection within one cultural-chronological group or some category of grave goods — individual parts of material simply make a 'white spot' resulting from unavailability of particular reports.


The TiO2 and ZnO based photocatalysts prepared by poly(fluorene-co-thiophene)(PFT)modified TiO2 and ZnO have good photocatalytic activity under visible light.The results of Rhodamine B degradation showed that the photocatalytic activity of PFT/TiO2 was much better than that of PFT/ZnO.After 2 h irradiation under LED(light-emitting diode)lamp,Rhodamine B was completely degraded to colorless product,and the mineralization rate was 48%in PFT/TiO2 system.However,in PFT/ZnO system,there were lots of colored products left under the same condition,and the mineralization rate was only 24.6%.There were two steps involved in the degradation process of Rhodamine B.Firstly,the maximum absorbance peak became lower,and simultaneously there was a hypsochromic shift in the spectra.Secondly,Rhodamine B was decolored and degraded to produce Rhodamine.In the second step,Rhodamine was mineralized to CO2 and H2O continuously and the removal of TOC(total organic carbon)mainly took place in this step.


Comprehending complex systems is difficult as some interactions between parts are invisible and as result, that makes them difficult to perceive (Feltovich et al., 2001). In order to strengthen their conceptual understanding of such complex phenomena, students need to have a great amount of interest, and an enhanced psychological investment in learning i.e. persistence in the face of failure or challenge, all of which are indicators of cognitive engagement. By providing ease of use, aesthetic appeal, choice, feedback, challenge, variety and interactivity, technology has great potential to engage learners. This also provides students with opportunities where they can think critically, make judgments and solve complex open ended problems. This study uses three different kinds of technologies to engage students as they study about one such complex system -the aquatic ecosystem. The purpose of this dissertation is to observe how affordances of these technologies encourage the students to remain cognitively engaged.


Introduction: The anterior approach to the inferior vena cava (IVC) by the liver hanging maneuver is effective in resecting large retrohepatic tumors without mobilizing the right lobe. Case present...


THIS question, if not answered by a flat negative, is usually 1 met with a half denial, by saying that in the Wisdom Literature we get the nearest approach to philosophy in the Old Testa':' ment. The approach, however, is generally admitted tp be along the right. road in that it is granted that philosophical ideas are not wanting in the Old Testament, but nevertheless there is no attempt to systematise them. Philosophy is thus regarded, as on the older view, as necessarily concerned with some pattern of thought. But if in this case we cannot speak of a philosophy of the Old Testament, can we with any more propriety speak of its theology? For there is no attempt in the Hebrew Scriptures to .systematise its ideas of God. Whilst the underlying conception of monotheism unites the books of the Old Testament, a conspectus of its theology cannot be obtained until a definite attempt has been made to ~reate some unity out of diverse theological ideas. Nevertheless, we do not speak of a "nearest approach" to theology in the Old Testp.ment. Rather we regard these scriptures as the basis of any theology worthy of the name. Perhaps there is a special reason for the readiness to speak of Old Testament theology, even though lacking a system. For in this realm Israel was a pioneer. Apart from monotheism no theology is possible, because polytheism cannot really conform to the rules of ethical, not to say philosophical, thought. If Greece be regarded as the home of philosophy, we remember how Plato in his Republic could not permit some of the stories of the deities (because of their unethical notions) to be told in the education of his guardians (Book Ill, 390). The same critical approach to the poets had already been made by Xenophanes. In Greece the study of philosophy was divorced from popular religion and may be said to have flourished in spite of its myths. But even in the realm of philosophy was not Israel a pioneer with Greece? The beginnings of Greek philosophy can be traced to Miletus in the early sixth century B.C. As yet it was concerned with the physical world rather than with metaphysics, which comes into philosophy with Plato. But by the end of the sixth century Heracleitus of Ephestts was struggling with the idea of a creative Force, or Logos, the uncapricious source of an intelligible universe. Man had the opportunity to open his mind to the wisdom of the


Marketing is a very crucial aspect in a company directly dealing with consumers. Good marketing management in the company increases optimal purchasing decisions to achieve company goals. To achieve maximum purchasing decisions, it is necessary to pay attention to the importance of brand ambassadors and brand awareness. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the variable brand ambassador, brand awareness on purchasing decisions for Maybelline lipstick products in Sidoarjo Regency. Using purposive sampling technique as the determination of sampling based on standards. SEM partial least square (PLS) system was used as a tool to analyze the data. This study shows that brand ambassadors have an insignificant positive effect on purchasing decisions. Meanwhile, brand awareness has a significant positive effect on purchasing decisions.


Based on the max-min ant system solving the Pseudo-Boolean Optimization problem, we improved the process of solving the problem. An memory array is introduced to record changes of each bit string, memory array to be used for optimization of the solution of the current iteration. Such improvements will help improve the convergence rate of Max-Min ant colony algorithm. The improved algorithm was applied to solve the problem of Pseudo-Boolean functions. Experiments show a reduction in the number of iteration before achieving the optimal which indicating the effectiveness and Superiority of the algorithm.


Part 1 Introduction and philosophical background: scientism. Part 2 The methodological foundations of financial economics: the philosophical justification - Friedman's positivism a critique of Friedman's positivism the paradigms of finance and their evolution. Part 3 Logical inconsistencies - the case of finance and risk: positive, normative and useful finance (or is it a plane, a bird, a man) - the history of CAPM risk, uncertainty and probability - language and concepts the history of risk measurement. Part 4 Practice and language: the language of mathematics the language of finance - a duality of culture. Part 5 The sociology of financial economics: how and why this happened the profession and practice. Part 6 Finance with meaning: meaning alternative methods concluding remarks.


The Division of Science Resources Statistics (SRS) fulfills the legislative mandate of the National Science Foundation Act to ... provide a central clearinghouse for the collection, interpretation, and analysis of data on scientific and engineering resources and to provide a source of information for policy formulation by other agencies of the Federal Government... To carry out this mandate, SRS designs, supports, and directs periodic surveys as well as a variety of other data collections and research projects. These surveys yield the materials for SRS staff to compile, analyze, and disseminate quantitative information about domestic and international resources devoted to science, engineering, and technology. If you have any comments or suggestions about this or any other SRS product or report, we would like to hear from you. Please direct your comments to: SRS, supplied thoughtful and thorough statistical review. Thanks for technical insight and review of the draft report are due William Y.tion Strategy and Policy, SAIC, for his assistance with the pricing and business models material in section III; and Richard Love, a lawyer with SAIC who specializes in intellectual property rights, for his assistance with the material in section III on that topic. Valuable contributions and insights came from Nita Congress, who performed the technical editing of the manuscript and Rolfe Larson who supervised the editorial process. Tanya R. Gore of the Information and Technology Services Program of SRS undertook copyediting, processing, and final composition of the report. John R. Gawalt, Director of the SRS Information and Technology Services Program, and Peg Whalen and the rest of the Web team handled electronic publication. iv v ACM Association for Computing Machinery


This study aims to describe the application method of Shared Reading and improve student's loud reading ability in class IV at 1 SDN 1 Cikembar. This type of research is Action Research using the design of Kemmis and Taggart. The research participants were class IV B students of SDN 1 Cikembar with 39 students. The research subject is loud reading ability. This study was conducted for 2 cycles. Data collection method used were interviews, observation, loud reading ability test, and documentation.the data analysis technique used is descriptive quantitative. Learning loud reading abilitu using Shared reading method a good process and a positive response. The results of the study show the process of using Shared Reading method can improve students' loud reading ability of the pre-cycle reached completeness by 26%, then increasing in the first cycle reached completeness by 46%, whereas in the second cycle, the results of the tests showed completeness reached 79%. This Action research concludes that students ability to read aloud increases through Shared Reading method in high school students in the elementary school year 2019.


Composting is a complex nonlinear biochemical process comprising of only two physical parameters affecting other variables. Critical parameters of the process to be controlled are temperature and moisture of the composting material. The process of breaking down the organic material by micro-organisms is dependent on moisture and temperature of the material. Uncontrolled moisture levels lead to foul smell while uncontrolled temperature results into burning of final product or nondegraded waste as it is. Adapting a robust control over temperature and moisture will ensure the reduction in foul smell and improve the quality of final compost. As per the observations, the behavior of process does not allow to build a mathematical model but needs to be controlled using an empirical model with the help of sensors for temperature and moisture. A need is created to have a mechanism for In Situ (online / live measurement during ongoing process) measurement of temperature and moisture of the compostable material at a same physical location and at the same time. The need can be catered by an integrated temperature moisture sensor for in situ measurement in composting and controlling the process for better outcome.


To the Editor: The authors of this manuscript describe a novel description of why patients develop entropion and then describe surgical techniques to address this problem. The authors hypothesize that the tense capsulopalpebral fascia retracts the posterior lamella of the eyelid, while the unbound anterior lamella overrides the lid margin causing entropion. The authors note that this is evident because lid retraction is inherently present in entropion. The problem with this hypothesis is that the authors are in fact describing epiblepharon, in which unbound anterior lamella overrides the posterior lamella, causing turning in of the eyelashes in the presence of a normally positioned eyelid margin. Epiblepharon is most common in Asians, and in this paper all the subjects are in fact Asian. Many of the photos in the study, including the illustration of mechanism of "entropion" (Fig. 4B), actually demonstrate epiblepharon. This distinction of epiblepharon versus entropion is important because the treatment can be different. The authors describe a technique to repair entropion, which involves release of the capsulopalpebral fascia and the formation of a scar between the anterior lamella and the tarsus to address "entropion." Again, this technique is the described technique to repair epiblepharon. Traditionally, entropion is thought to have a component of lower-eyelid retractor dehiscence and lateral canthal laxity. Given this, the repair of entropion usually involves lateral tightening of the eyelid and reinsertion of the lower eyelid retractors. This is in stark contrast to the authors' method, in which they describe release of the capsulopalpebral fascia. This repair is typical for eyelid retraction. It is possible that Asian patients with eyelid retraction develop epiblepharon or even frank entropion, but based on the established understanding of involutional entropion, release of the lower-eyelid retractors does not make sense. However, in their patient population, the technique worked. The authors are to be commended for thinking outside the box but should be cautioned at reinventing established eyelid definitions when describing a new surgical technique.


The microbiome is an important regulator in the development of the immune system. The complexity and composition of the microbiota are crucial for maintaining health and intestinal homeostasis. The Western, high-fat/low-fiber, diet causes vital changes in the composition of the microbiota and is correlated with the development of multiple Western diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A well-balanced diet contains the right dietary fibers and is proven to be effective against the alteration of the gut microbiota. Whereat each dietary fiber is characterized by its own specific health benefits. The indirect effects mainly cause an increased level of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), but the dietary fibers can also affect receptors directly. Research discovered the TLR2 and 4 as the most commonly affected receptors. In this thesis, the increasing dysbiosis of the microbiota is discussed, in which the dietary fibers inulin, β-glucan, and pectin are discussed in association with their direct and indirect effects on the microbiota, immune system and intestinal health.


36 I ublic awareness about exposure to natural sources of radiation has been growing in recent years at a rather accelerated pace. Exposure to high levels of radon indoors, for example, has drawn considerable attention, and a number of countries have already adopted regulatory measures to mitigate exposure to radon in existing houses and to establish radon limits for new buildings. Another area of interest has been the presence of radium and radon in natural springs that are considered health resorts. And, in some areas of the world, the fact that external radiation levels are naturally much higher than normal has drawn the attention of many national and international bodies. This growing awareness has prompted more widespread scientific investigations, mainly at national levels. Such investigations have comprised large-scale surveys, radiochemical studies of natural environmental radionuclides, transport and transfer of radionuclides from the environment to man, and epidemiological studies to investigate health risks from high levels of natural radiation. In view of these developments, an international conference on the subject was held in November 1990 to review the latest information and to examine potential health impacts. The meeting was organized by the Islamic Republic of Iran's Atomic Energy Commission and held in Ramsar, a city located in an area having quite high levels of natural radiation, at the foot of the Elburz mountains on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. Organized in co-operation with the IAEA, World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and International Nuclear Track Society (INTS), the conference attracted nearly 200 specialists from Iran and 30 other countries. They built upon the work of previous international conferences on this sub-


In a control device, e.g. to activate a restraint in a vehicle, having a housing 3 provided with a plug-in connector 4 and containing an electric circuit connected to a pressure sensor 21, air pressure is fed to the sensor 21 by way of a membrane 321 in the housing wall 323 and via the air-filled interior space of the device, and the sensor and circuit elements are connected together by way of a leadframe or similar metal grid structure 1 which also provides plug-pins 42 within the connector. As a result of using a stamped structure 1 as a circuit board which also includes the plug-pins 42, the dimensions and thus the interior volume of the control device are reduced and the interior volume is now small enough to feed pressure changes, without losses, to the sensor 21.


522 Background: New targeted agents against tyrosine kinases expand the standard therapy in oncology. However, tumor resistance is still a challenge, particularly induced by mutations in growth-related signalling cascades. 20% and 10% of patients with human colon and gastric cancer carry PI3K mutations and do not react to receptor blocking therapies. Recently, selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been generated which block PI3K signalling pathways in tumor cells. Their therapeutically role has not yet been clarified.

METHODS
To define inhibitory and pro-apoptotic effects of the 2 PI3K inhibitors BEZ235 and BKM120 3 human colon cancer (HT-29, HCT-116, DLD-1) and 3 gastric cancer cell lines (NCI-n87, AGS, MKN-45) with different PIK3CA mutation status were used. First, viability, apoptosis and caspase assays were performed during incubation with inhibitors alone or combined with cytotoxic agents. Second, molecular consequences for cell cycle and the signalling pathways were analysed by defining the protein levels by FACS and Western blot.

RESULTS
Both PI3K inhibitors BEZ235 and BKM120 induced concentration dependently a significant reduction in viability and an increase in apoptotic death, while mutated cells reacted more sensitive to treatment. BKM120 had a higher efficiency than the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235. BEZ235 alone caused a G1 arrest in tumor cells. In contrast, BKM120 induced a G2 shift in all gastrointestinal cancer cells. There was a clear downregulation in AKT signalling, and for BEZ235 an additional inhibition of mTOR pathway. Furthermore, BEZ235 caused synergistic induction of apoptosis combined with irinotecan in colon cancer. Combinations with 5-fluoruracil and the 2 substances induced additive apoptotic effects. Human gastric cancer cells were less sensitive to BEZ235 and BKM120.

CONCLUSIONS
In general, we found higher pro-apoptotic effects for all cell lines and in special cases a better response of resistant mutant cells. Our data support the clinical development of these PI3K inhibitors BEZ235 and BKM120 as potential targeting agents for patients with different wild-type or mutated gastrointestinal cancer cells.


________________________________________ Introduction __--------_--___-_____-_-______________ Acknowledgments_________________________________ Scope --_____-____---___-_--___-________________-__ Nomenclature. _____________________________________ Static fluid occurrence_____________________________ Terminology.__________________________________ Structural stage ____________________________ Adsorbed stage.____________________________ Pendular stage.____________________________ Funicular stagc_.___________________________ Capillary stage_____________________________ Computation of fluid content ____________________ Limitations imposed by characteristics of the fluid and the solid-_----_________--_______ Adsorbed liquid-___________________________ Water held by capillarity.___________________ Observation of the curve liquid content versus liquid pressure head..______________________________ Manometric control.._______________________ Use of fluids other than water._______________ Centrifuge acceleration ______________________ Vapor pressure control___________________-__ Effects of temperature on head and liquid content_ Effects of salts in the liquid phase on liquid pressure head and liquid content.______________________ Page El 1 3 3 4 4 4 5 6 7 7 7 8


Relationship between industry and environment is crucial for industrial business performance. Environmental impacts have incrementally increased pressure on industrial businesses. Looking back to the beginning of the industrial revolution, mass production of goods was enabled by new manufacturing methods resulting in products with high availability and low costs. Consequently, due to new consumer societies and staggering growth in industrial activity, emissions to environment, solid waste generation and landfill have become increasingly severe. In addition, due to a growing world population and especially strong middle-class growth the demand for resources is expected to rise rapidly indicating a rising consumption of natural resources. This paper shows the modern concepts of the circular economy and industrial ecology, emphasiyng  the benefits of industrial symbiosis


Conductivity mapping depends sensitively on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the transmit phase estimation. It is thus questionable, whether conductivity mapping can be performed at low field. Due to reduced off-resonances, however, a possible solution for the reduced SNR might be offered by balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP). Brain conductivity mapping with bSSFP was investigated at 0.55 T and appears to be feasible but besides SNR also the reduced curvature of the transmit field becomes challenging.


Blood sugar measurement is an important topic for an increasing number of people suffering from diabetes mellitus. The paper shows the physical principle as well as technologies for assembly of an insertable glucose sensor. Base of the device is an insertable ceramic measuring chamber with nanoporous membrane. It separates glucose from the complex composition of the tissue fluid. This allows continuous blood sugar measurement by detection of polarization rotation of linear polarized light in the liquid. However, the measurement of minimal polarization rotation requires highest geometrical accuracy and stability of all components, especially optical transmitter and receiver. Other demands are low cost, miniaturization and reliability requirements of medical devices. New approaches are necessary to fulfil all requirements. Innovative assembly techniques such as active adjustment, high precision stacking and flip-chip soldering are used. First measurement results of the complete sensor system give a promisin...


The two main critiques of the labour theory of value - the critique of contradiction and the critique of redundancy - are presented along with the history of the debate on the transformation problem of values into production prices. The paper argues that the overall shift from the critique of contradiction to the critique of redundancy in the 20th century expresses the progress of Marxist economics and its expansion within official economic science. It proposes that the dilemma of Marx versus Sraffa should be understood as a scholastic question, created by reactionary forces within economic science. Because the critique of redundancy is weaker than the critique of contradiction, two tasks emerge for Marxist scholars: 1) reveal how the reactionary political use of Sraffa's theory avoid the expansion of Marxism within economics; 2) explain how Marx and Sraffa can be put on the same side of the struggle.


Abstract : The Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) is a voluntary partnership between the Department of Defense and participating commercial air carriers and is a critical component of the strategic airlift capability of the United States. It provides operational flexibility for rapidly expanding airlift capability during crises, contingencies, or war. The CRAF was activated during OPERATION DESERT SHIELD/DESERT STORM for the first time since its creation in 1952. Although the CRAF performed superbly during the deployment, resupply, and redeployment phases of this conflict, several issues have emerged that could threaten voluntary participation in the future. This paper examines the history, organization, and structure of the CRAF, its contribution to the success of OPERATION DESERT SHIELD/DESERT STORM, and how the lessons-learned from this conflict have been applied to improve the flexibility of the CRAF program. It also examines the issues threatening CRAF participation and possible solutions for maintaining a viable CRAF program.... Strategic mobility, Civil reserve air fleet, Strategic airlift, Commercial airline support of DoD.


Early-season crop mapping provides decision-makers with timely information on crop types and conditions that are crucial for agricultural management. Current satellite-based mapping solutions mainly rely on optical imagery, albeit limited by weather conditions. Very few exploit long-time series of polarized synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. To address this gap, we assessed the performance of COSMO-SkyMed X-band dual-polarized (HH, VV) data in a test area in Ponte a Elsa (central Italy) in January–September 2020 and 2021. A deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier arranged with two different architectures (1-D and 3-D) was trained and used to recognize ten classes. Validation was undertaken with in situ measurements from regular field campaigns carried out during satellite overpasses over more than 100 plots each year. The 3-D classifier structure and the combination of HH+VV backscatter provide the best classification accuracy, especially during the first months of each year, i.e., 80% already in April 2020 and in May 2021. Overall accuracy above 90% is always marked from June using the 3-D classifier with HH, VV, and HH+VV backscatter. These experiments showcase the value of the developed SAR-based early-season crop mapping approach. The influence of vegetation phenology, structure, density, biomass, and turgor on the CNN classifier using X-band data requires further investigations, along with the relatively low producer accuracy marked by vineyard and uncultivated fields.


How can one simultaneously hold multiple trust judgments—some positive, some negative—and what relevance does this have to natural resource management processes? The paper examines trust through a lens of multiple simultaneous trust judgments, with application to the literature on trust in natural resource management. The conceptual contributions are (1) a clear distinction between trust and distrust, (2) how multiple trust/distrust judgments can co-exist, and (3) how multiple trust judgments can be assigned to individual vs. social/institutional scales. A framework for trust/distrust evaluation emerges in the form of a Trust/Distrust Matrix. One dimension of the matrix is the scales to which trust judgments may be assigned and one is the trust/distrust-judgments one makes that can either be calculus-based or identification-based. A set of propositions relevant to natural resource management are derived from the matrix. The fundamental purpose of this article is to bridge theory and practice.


The research described in this thesis is on Mo/Si based multilayer mirror
structures. Two important topics in this field are increase of reflection and
improvement of thermal stability. The "standard" Mo/Si multilayer structure
in theory can reflect about 75% of the incoming 13.5 nm radiation.
However, interlayer formation during deposition and roughness of the interfaces
reduce the reflection of deposited multilayer structures. To further improve the multilayer structures, a better understanding of interdiffusion effects at the interfaces is required.


The study investigated the formal and informal old age protections in the major cities of Malaysia, Singapore and Philippines. The role of family support as important source of old-age protection in Asian countries was also investigated. Data were collected using a survey-interview method. A total of 250 young population and 250 of the elderly population in Kuala Lumpur were interviewed. Similar number of young and elderly population was interviewed in Manila. In Singapore, data was collected from 206 and 161 young and elderly population respectively. A Venn diagram was constructed to analyse the overlapping of availability of the various old age protections for the two generations and their relative sizes among the three cities were compared. Given the many agreement on the inadequacy of the formal old-age benefits, many reverted to informal protections such as insurance, savings and family support. With the exception of Manila, reliance on the family support as perceived by the younger generations has lost its importance.


We report a 10 mW threshold miniature device in which internal Q -switching of a single Nd:MgO:LiNbO 3 crystal is achieved. Pulsewidths of 30 ns have been observed. Peak powers of 5 W have been attained with less than 60 mW of 598 nm pump power and with less than 1 percent output coupling. The switching voltage is lower than 300 V. The consequences of the elastooptic effect and the photoconductivity on device performance are investigated. A highly efficient CW laser and a low threshold CW laser made of the same material are also reported. Photorefractive damage due to the photovoltaic effect is found to be almost nonexistent in these lasers when pumped in the near-infrared.


At present,how do the Hui merchants make use of capital is of great importance in capital market.For the Hui merchants,whoever has adequate capital,broad field of vision,greater competence of independent innovation,independent intellectual property rights,independent well-known brand,the perfect management system,can be in an impregnable position in the intense market competition.Take Anta,Xstep as typical examples of Hui merchants' listed examples,the author argued that the Hui merchants should make use of capital to raise their own development.


Natural compounds such as sodium carbonate and bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, eugenol oil, micronized and elemental sulfurs were applied against sugar beet powdery mildew under field conditions during 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 seasons. The results showed real role of this substances in suppressed powdery mildew disease on sugar beet plants and exhibited non-phytotoxic, wherever sodium carbonate , micronized and elemental sulfur were the most effective ones in this respect , which caused reduction in disease severity and the highest enhancement of yield, total soluble solids (TSS) and sucrose contents followed by sodium bicarbonate and eugenol oil, while potassium bicarbonate was the lowest one compared to control treatment .Moreover, Topase fungicide was the superior treatment in reducing the disease severity and recorded the best yield, TSS and sucrose contents .Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) examination showed deformation of spores and mycelium of Erysiphe betae fungus resulting to natural compounds application of sugar beet leaves, SEM combined with Energy – Dispersive Xray (EDX) analysis showed increasing of different elements ,ie. S, Ca, Mg, Si percentage than control, and all counter may be had chemical changes, that inhibit E. betae fungus infection . Consequently, application of natural compounds led to positive change of oxidative enzymes activity, wherever sodium carbonate and micronized S recorded the highest peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase enzymes values followed by sodium and potassium bicarbonates, while the reverse was true with elemental S. At all, most of tested substances led to enhancement of chlorophylls content and Topase was the best one.


Objective To investigate the risk factors of childhood leukaemia.Methods Questionnaire about risk factors of childhood leukaemia was devised and used.We surveyed and analyzed the relevant risk factors of 143 cases of leukaemia children in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2008 to February 2009,comparing with 108 hospitalized cases without leukaemia during the same period.The significant factors were identified by single factor analysis.Then multi-factors conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted.Results In the single factor analysis,12 of 26 indexes were statistically significant (P0.05),while in the multi-factors logistic regression analysis,there were 8 of 12 indexes with significance (P0.05),which of those are frequent infection history,house decoration,family history of cancer,maternal childbearing age,and history of contact with paint,leather shoes,radiation and pesticides.Conclusion The 8 indexes as listed above are closely related to the pathogeny of leukaemia and may be the distinguished risk factors of childhood leukaemia.


Abstract
This paper develops an argument about how contentious changes unfold in organizational fields, focusing on the role of uncertainty – and the networks people use to address uncertainty. We propose that as controversial practice gains traction and spreads, the nature of uncertainty facing organizational decision makers also evolves. This dynamic has important implications for how different actors and networks can influence change. We illustrate our argument with a mixed-methods case study on the diffusion of domestic partner benefits across US Fortune 500 companies. Our findings shed light on how – and when – social activists, corporate elites, and middle managers can influence the corporate decision-making process.


One hundred and thirty three maize inbred lines comprising of 18 sweet corn, 13 popcorn, 38 QPM, 46 normal maize and 18 special trait corns compared with two checks, Winsynthetic and Basilocal were screened against Sesamia inferensat Maize Research Centre, Hyderabad during Rabi 2009-10 and 2010-11. At 12 days after germination, each individual plant was artificially infested with 10-12 neonate larvae of Sesamia inferens with the help of bazooka. At 30 days after infestation plants were rated on 1-9 scale based on leaf injury rating (LIR). Mean LIR was calculated in both the replications and subjected to RBD analysis. HKI 586-1WG'33, HKI1040-11-7, V335, CM 144, CML 175, HKI 164-7x161-2, HKI 164-4(1-3)2-2, HKI 164-74ER-3, DMRQPM03-113, WINPOP-3 and PFSR-R 9 were identified to be least susceptible (LIR 1.0-3.0) against maize pink stem borer.


The business cycle does not have a homogenous eect on workers in dierent occupations. This paper documents and analyzes unemployment patterns between 1983 and 2012 in broad and detailed occupation categories using the CPS. I find that the skill level of occupations has a monotone negative eect on the level and volatility of unemployment. This result is robust to dierent measures of general skills and it occurred in all recessions in last 30 years, including the 2007 one. The result also holds within and across major occupation categories. In order to understand the causes of it, I decompose unemployment fluctuations into changes in the job-loss and the job-finding probabilities in each occupation. I find that even though separations are less important for aggregate fluctuations in unemployment, they are more important for understanding the dierences between


The intertwined and sometimes contradictory work of managing complex health needs (e.g., discordant, enigmatic, and/or rare conditions) creates many challenges for patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers. While researchers have created interventions such as technologies and services to address particular health needs, interventions must be designed to better account for gaps in technologies and interdependencies across health needs. In this workshop we will adopt an ecosystems perspective to better understand the nature of complex needs and how to support the management of those needs through holistic and multi-faceted support. Using a hands-on design sprint technique, participants will (1) map out different complex care ecosystems, (2) generate ideas for technologies, services, and other multi-faceted interventions to address gaps in those ecosystems, and (3) choose the most promising ideas to further develop and refine. We will close by reflecting together on what we have created, our approaches to design, and the theories and concepts that shaped our approaches. Through this process, we will collectively generate an agenda for research and design to better support the management of complex health needs.


SUMMARY

Double difference algorithm was used to relocate aftershock sequences of two Mw= 5.6 Kachchh earthquakes (India), which have occurred on 2006 March 7 and April 6, along almost vertical strike-slip Gedi fault (GF) and south dipping reverse North Wagad fault (NWF), respectively. The relocated focal depths delineate a marked variation of 4 and 7 km in the brittle–ductile transition depths beneath GF and NWF, respectively. We modelled the Coulomb failure stress change (ΔCFS) produced by the 2001 mainshock and 2006 GEDI events on an optimally oriented plane. A strong correlation with occurrences of aftershocks and regions of increased ΔCFS is obtained on both the faults. The predicted ΔCFS on the GF increased by 0.14 MPa at 3 km depth, where the 2006 March 7 Mw= 5.6 event occurred. The variation in brittle–ductile transition depths may be related to the perturbation in geothermal gradient resulted from the presence of intrusives or varying saturation state of fluid-filled fractured rock matrix beneath both the fault zones.


Visual Analytics enables a deep analysis of complex and multivariate data by applying machine learning methods and interactive visualization. These complex analyses lead to gain insights and knowledge for a variety of analytics tasks to enable the decision-making process. The enablement of decision-making processes is essential for managing and planning mobility and transportation. These are influenced by a variety of indicators such as new technological developments, ecological and economic changes, political decisions and in particular humans' mobility behaviour. New technologies will lead to a different mobility behaviour with other constraints. These changes in mobility behaviour require analytical systems to forecast the required information and probably appearing changes. These systems must consider different perspectives and employ multiple indicators. Visual Analytics enable such analytical tasks. We introduce in this paper the main indicators for Visual Analytics for mobility and transportation that are exemplary explained through two case studies.


When machine learning algorithms are used for accelerometer-based biometric gait recognition, the general approach is to divide the data into segments of a fixed time-length, extract features from the segments and use these feature vectors to train the classifiers and authenticate the subjects. In this research we enhance the segmentation by a cycle extraction method. A gait cycle contains data of two steps, and our technique assures that each segment contains the same amount of steps. These cycle-based segments are input to the feature extraction process. We apply Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) for classification and compare the results to previous ones obtained using segments of a fixed time-length. We show that the fixed-length segmentation is the better approach as it achieves similar error rates while requiring a lower computational effort.


Cells communicate with their environment through biochemical and mechanical interactions. They can respond to stimuli by undergoing shape- and, in some situations, volume changes. Key determinants of the mechanical response of a cell are the viscoelastic properties of the actomyosin cortex, effective surface tension, and osmotic pressure. It is challenging to measure the mechanical response of cells while changing environmental conditions. We here demonstrate the use of a novel microfluidic device with integrated hydrogel micro-windows to change solution conditions for cells suspended by optical traps. Solution conditions can be rapidly changed in this device without exposing the cells to direct fluid flow. We use biochemical inhibitors and varying osmotic conditions and investigate the time-dependent response of individual cells. Using a dual optical trap makes it possible to probe the viscoelasticity of suspended cells by active and passive microrheology and to quantify force fluctuations generated by the cells at the same time.


ABSTRACT This study, in the quest for rugged, robust and greener and cleaner technology, investigated efficiency ofDaniellia-oliveri sawdust for the removal of pyrimethamine from aqueous medium. Two adsorbents were prepared by carbonising and activating the sawdust with ZnCl2 and H3PO4.The adsorbents were characterised using various methods. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the equilibrium isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics of the process, and to determine the effects of various experimental conditions. The pHpzc were 7.6 (for ZnCl2 activated carbon) and 6.6 (for H3PO4 activated carbon). The adsorption of pyrimethamine onto the adsorbents was pH independent. The best isotherms for describing the processes were Langmuir (R2 = 0.987) and Dubinin-Radushkevich (R2 = 0.996) while the kinetics were pseudo-second order (R = 0.980) and intraparticle (R = 0.985) respectively. The monolayer adsorptive capacities of the adsorbents were 4.27 mg/g and 4.43 mg/g.The processes were spontaneous, thermodynamic feasible and endothermic. The results reveal that the two adsorbents were good prospects for the removal of pyrimethamine from wastewater.


This paper examines a new program for commitment promotion amongst semi-autonomous groups in the Western Australian Government Railways (Westrail), which employs about 8,000 people in nine branches. During 1980, a pilot scheme was undertaken in the operations of the track maintenance gang workers of the Civil Engineering Branch in one of the six country Districts. The scheme includes procedures of involving gang workers in planning and scheduling their work. An examination is made of the resultant changes in attitudinal commitment in terms of output quantities, accident rates, turnover, absenteeism, and attitude shifts after introduction of the participative work planning scheme. Following this pilot project the scheme has been extended throughout the State Railway system, and the article briefly comments on the direction of this activity and some early findings.


Based on the variance-ratio test of Lo and Mackinlay(1988,1989),I construct a noise composition test(NCT) index in this paper and give an empirical test to seven Asian stock markets.I find the the markets of mainland of China and Thailand have more noise composition and are more inefficient.Meanwhile,the markets of Hong Kong,Taiwan,and Japan have a smaller noise composition and I cannot reject the zero hypothesis of price which is following a random walk.At last,I use the Bootstrap sample to re-estimate the previous results and find it is robust.


Harnessing the power of DNA microarray technology requires the existence of analysis methods that accurately interpret microarray data. Current literature abounds with algorithms meant for the investigation of microarray data. However, there is need for an efficient approach that combines different techniques of microarray data analysis and provides a viable solution to dimensionality reduction of microarray data. Reducing the high dimensionality of microarray data is one approach in striving to better understand the information contained within the data. We propose a novel approach for dimensionality reduction of microarray data that effectively combines different techniques in the study of DNA microarrays. Our method, KAS (kernel alignment with semidefinite embedding), aids the visualization of microarray data in two dimensions and shows improvement over existing dimensionality reduction methods such as PCA, LLE and Isomap.


Information is presented on the nature of the injuries sustained as a result of road accidents involving motor vehicles, according to the State Medical Institution «Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination» of the Ministry of Health of the Krasnodar Territory and the Turkish State University — TRAKYA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL FACULTY.


CO2 capture is one of the cardinal technologies to combat the ever-escalating CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and to address global climate change. Among the several strategies employed, adsorption on...


This article deals with a component-based approach to design electrical systems modeled by several simulation software. The component paradigm can be applied to simulation software, thus taking advantage of composition facilities. To do so, a visual composition tool has been developed and is presented in this article. It produces recursively a global simulation component from several pieces of simulation software. It also deals with uncertainty by taking into account different kinds of components as well as different kinds of coupling methods. A specific coupling method for components dedicated to optimization is detailed. The sizing process of a home system filter is then presented to illustrate the use of the visual composer tool and this specific coupling method.


This paper aims at discovering the decision rule the Governing Council of the ECB uses to set interest rates. We construct a Taylor rule for each member of the council and for the euro area as a whole, and aggregate the interest rates they produce using several classes of decision-making mechanisms: chairman dominance, bargaining, consensus, voting, and voting with a chairman. We test alternative scenarios in which individual members of the council pursue either a national or a federal objective. We then compare the interest-rate path predicted by each scenario with the observed euro area's interest rate. We find that scenarios in which all members of the Governing Council are assumed to pursue Euro-area-wide objectives are dominated by scenarios in which decisions are made collectively by a council consisting of members pursuing national objectives. The best-performing scenario is the one in which individual members of the Governing Council follow national objectives, bargain over the interest rate, and their weights are based on their country's share of the zone's GDP.


As could be expected, the proliferation of publications on the Anglo-Boer, 1899-1902, in the centenary period continues unabated. The advantage of the providence of hindsight after a hundred years is that recently the experiences of a wide variety of people that participated in the conflict are being recorded. This is apart from the two main antagonists, the British and the Boers. In the case of the South African experience the role of black people is now gaining its rightful place. On the British side, this publication contributes towards understanding of how people in other parts of the empire, like Australia and Canada experienced this event. After all, the British Empire was never homogeneous and even amongst its English speaking subjects, a wide variety of cultures existed.


I. Corporatist Theory of International Relations 1. International Relations Theory 2. Polarized Politics 3. Political Economics II. Dynamic Political Economy 4. Strategic Methodology 5. Strategic Determination of the Business Cycle 6. International System Dynamics III. From Mercantilism to Imperialism 7. The Power of Mercantilism 8. The Hegemony of Free Trade 9. Imperialism and International Polarization IV. The Rise of Business Internationalism 10. The Business of World War II 11. The Unification of Europe 12. The Invention of Economic Development 13. Cold War Polarization and Security Today 14. Global Casino


In this article the situation connected with residence in Russian Federation and in Irkutsk region in particular is considered in detail. We have pointed out a number of reasons which produce a negative impact on the development of events aimed at solving the problem of providing the citizens with residential area. We have analysed the methods of defining the range of potential request within the program "Residence for Russian family", used by the government as the main instrument to solve residential problem which exists in the regions. We have defined a number of reasons, which reduce the area of use of the developed methods and it does not allow to execute complex approach to solve the residential problem in the country. We have proved the use of possible approaches which allow to define with the required accuracy the needs of the citizens in residential area. We have developed and suggested the model of a "balanced data system", which allows in a complex way to solve residential problem by achieving the balanced condition between the demands for the residential real estate and the existing offer at the residential market in the country. We have also made complex calculations of the necessary development of the number of residence which proves the effectiveness of a complex approach to solve residential problem in the regions at the example of Irkutsk region.


Mycotoxins are highly toxic metabolites produced by a number of fungi especially in
drought-prone environments, unseasonably rainy environments, or high moisture at precrop
harvest, harvest, and storage. The toxins, e.g. aflatoxins, deteriorate food quality, are
barriers to international trade, pose serious risk to health, and have caused several deaths in
Africa and Asia


It is pointed out that the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients (CGC) of the permutation group are the coefficients which couple irreducible bases (IRB) of SU(m/n) and SU(p/q) to the IRB of SU(mp+nq/mp+np), and the outer-product reduction coefficients (ORC) of the permutation group are the coefficients which couple the IRB of SU(m/n) and SU(p/q) into the IRB of SU(m+p/n+q). The ORC of permutation groups with due modification in signs are the CGC for the special Gel'fand basis of SU(m/n). The isoscalar factor (ISF) for the permutation group chain S(f) contains/implies S(f1)*S(f2) is the ISF for the graded unitary group chain SU(mp+nq/mq+np) contains/implies SU(m/n)*SU(p/q), and the outer-product ISF for the group chain S(f) contains/implies S(f1)*S(f2) is the ISF for SU(mp+nq/mq+np) contains/implies SU(m/n)(X)SU(p/q). All these coefficients can be calculated easily and some are already available.


The authors introduce an artificial neural network emulator KDNeuro-I, which is implemented using four Digital Signal Processor modules (TMS320C25). KDNeuro-I's hardware architecture, software environment and the neurocomputing on it are described.<<ETX>>


Reinforcement of skid trails with slash has been shown to reduce soil disturbances, but there have not been any studies documenting the mitigating effects following traffic of harvest equipment traffic on steep mountainous skid trails. The objective of this study was to quantify potentially mitigating effects of slash cover on soil compaction and rutting on skid trails in mountainous hardwood forests. The effects of the placement of no slash (bare soil), light density slash (7.5 kg m−2) and heavy density slash (17.5 kg m−2) in a skid trail following one, five, and nine machine passes on both gentle slopes <20% and steep slopes >20% in a downhill skidding operation by a steel-tracked skidder were studied. Bulk density and rut depth increased following harvest equipment traffic on both slope gradients. Compared to bare soils, soil bulk density was not significantly reduced by light slash density; however, soil bulk density was significantly reduced by heavy slash up to five machine passes on steep slopes. Light and heavy slash significantly reduced rut depth in both slope classes. The study revealed a high protective role of slash, particularly on steep skid trails. However, benefits of slash to mitigate soil compaction were limited to five passes, after which the slash deteriorated and only provided benefits against rutting.


aminase and uric acid in ISO-treated (100 mg/kg) rats. The increased serum levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and atherogenic index after ISO administration were decreased to nearly nor- mal levels by C oxycantha extract. Pretreatment with C oxycantha in ISO- treated animals produced significant decrease in lipid peroxidation and significant increase in endogenous antioxidant superoxide dismutase, cata- lase and reduced glutathione in myocardial tissue. C oxycantha extract sig- nificantly inhibited Na+-K+ ATPase enzyme present in heart homogenate by virtue of presence of ursolic acid as evidenced by high-performance thin layer chromatography analysis of C oxycantha extract, which may be a possible mechanism of cardiotonic activity of C oxycantha. ConCluSIon: C oxycantha may be viewed as potentially cardiotonic, cardioprotective and antioxidant. ardiovascular disease is considered to be the major cause of mor- bidity and mortality throughout the world. It is a group of disorders of the heart and the vasculature, which includes high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure (CHF), stroke and congenital heart defects. The term 'CHF' describes the common clini- cal syndrome arising when delivery of oxygen to the metabolizing tissue is impaired because of decreased contractility of heart muscles, particu- larly the left ventricle (LV). The syndrome is characterized by breath- lessness, exercise intolerance and edema. Left ventricular myocardial damage is commonly caused by hypertension and coronary artery dis- ease, usually myocardial infarction. LV dysfunction produces activation of cardiac and peripheral neurohormonal mechanisms that promote fluid retention. Untreated patients with heart failure demonstrate chronic, sustained, neurohormonal activation and show progressive enlargement of the LV with an associated decline in systolic function. However, these neurohormonal pathways are initially compensatory and beneficial, but eventually they are deleterious. In patients with CHF, improvement in myocardial contractility and LV function is the fundamental treatment for survival. Despite the availablity of treat- ments, including diuretics, digitalis, vasodilators and angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitors, the morbidity and mortality risks of CHF remain high. Digoxin has been the drug of choice for the treatment of CHF due to its positive inotropic effect. The adverse effects of digoxin are cardiac and extracardiac, which include cardiac slowing, reduced conduction through atrioventricular (AV) node, bigeminy, paroxys- mal atrial tachycardia, ventricular arrhythmias, hypokalemia, nau- sea, vomiting and diarrhea. It also possesses a very low therapeutic index; therefore, extreme medical care is needed when a patient is receiving treatment. Crataegus oxycantha is another such plant that has been described by many pharmacopoeias. C oxycantha extract has been traditionally used to treat the early stages of CHF and angina pectoris (1). It has been reported that C oxycantha may increase the myocardium blood supply (2). C oxycantha extract is traditionally used as a cardiotonic in China, India and many European countries; however, to date, very few authentic investigational studies address- ing its cardioprotective use have been performed. Although C oxy- cantha has been shown to improve cardiac function, the exact mechanism of action remains unclear. METHodS Materials


The underground cavity may be divided into two categories, limestone cavity located in limestone area and abandoned mine closed in the past. These cavities bring in damage to social overhead facilities in epitome of ground subsidence or mine water pollution. However, there is no any presentations on the systematic and economical reinforcement method for underground cavity in domestic conditions. This study is on the development of filling material for underground cavity using the stone-dust in state of cake. The stone-dust is classified as an industry waste and rises to an environmental problems caused by open-air storage or reclamation. This paper shows the physical properties of the filling material including compressive strength, length change ratio, SEM and so on. The underground filling material developed possesses the properties of anti washout underwater as an environmental friendly material. In this study, the underground cavity which is filled up with water, is can be effectively filled with material. Also, this study demonstrates superiority of the developed material to analysis of economical efficiency comparing with existing materials.


Plants have been used for ethnomedicinal purposes in the treatment of various illnesses since antiquity and they are widely used as alternative to orthodox medicines in modern times. In addition, documentation abounds providing scientific evidences attesting to the fact that extracts from different plants possess useful bioactivities and may be used in the management of different disease conditions. This may explain in part the reason herbal medicines are increasingly used and are recording huge sales around the world. As the use of herbal medicines continues to increase globally, concerns surrounding their safety are also increasingly recognized. In concomitant to their medicinal properties, herbal medicines—like the orthodox drugs—can exhibit toxicity to men. Toxicity is defined as the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. Toxicity can occur on many different time-scales and can be classified as acute, sub-


This article describes the Colorado State Highway 58 Ramp A Bridge in Golden, Colorado (United State), which features state-of-the-art design using variable radius, curved, U-shaped, precast concrete girders made with high strength flowable concrete. The authors note that this bridge confirms the benefits of using curved, precast concrete bridge girders to construct cost-effective, complex, long-span structures in high-profile locations. The 10-span bridge crosses Clear Creek, a bike path, three traffic openings, east and westbound Interstate-70, and eastbound State Highway 58. The roadway consists of a 38-foot wide deck designed for three traffic lanes, but currently accommodates one traffic lane and two wide shoulders. The girders were designed for handling and erection loads with varying levels of prestressing in the bottom slab. The girder concrete was specified to have a compressive strength of 6500 psi (45 MPa). A final section outlines the girder production methods. One table presents the concrete mix proportions. Readers are referred to the Spring 2010 issue of ASPIRE for more information (http://www.aspirebridge.org/pdfs/magazine/issue_14/SH58_Ramp_A_Spring10.pdf).


In June 1997, ITS America completed its new analysis of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) worldwide, updating its previous analysis made in 1993. As before, ITS progress in the USA, Japan, and Europe was systematically compared by system type, such as advanced traveller information systems (ATIS), and by funding and organisation, research and development, system architecture, standardisation, deployment and benefits, institutional issues, and marketing and future plans. ITS are also surveyed in 35 additional countries, especially Australia, Canada and South Korea. The most significant recent ITS progress in the USA has been the completion of its National ITS Architecture and the shift in programme emphasis from operational tests to deployment initiatives. There has also been good progress in developing ITS standards to ensure national compatibility and interoperability for the architecture's 30 user services. How far ITS will be used will depend strongly on the not yet settled ITS provisions of new transport laws. There is much stronger cooperation between the five ministries and agencies sharing Japan's ITS responsibilities. There has been successful extended ITS research and product development in the European Union's centralised programmes. European countries are developing individual international standards.


This work presents a study of the optimization of castor oil polyurethane (PU) resin content for the production of Oriented Strand Boards (OSB) using bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper). For this study, medium-density (650 kg/m3) OSB panels were produced with different resin contents (8%, 10%, 12%, and 15%). The bamboo particles were characterized through physical, chemical and anatomical analyses, identifying the potential of this product as a raw material for OSB panels. Subsequently, the physical and mechanical properties of OSB panels were evaluated. The results indicated that bamboo and castor oil PU are suitable for the production of OSB panels, and all the conditions met the minimum requirements of the European standard EN 300 (2002), for OSB type 1. In particular, the best overall properties were obtained by the panels with a resin content of 12%, achieving the minimum requirements for applications as a structural panel (type 4), opening new opportunities for formaldehyde-free engineered bamboo materials for the built environment.


Advanced cultural construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics is one of the important contents of socialist modernization construction.This text analyzes the connotation of the advanced culture of the socialism with Chinese characteristics by the cultural view of Marxism,explores the meaning,principle and content of building advanced culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics,and presents some questions that advanced culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics must be paid attention to.


Magic Flute is a diversified opera that composed by Mozart.It is said to be a Singspiel that has been written in Germany and is a master full of national style.The role of this opera Pamina is soft inside despite her hard shell.All arias that Mozart has written for her are impressive. Among them Pamina's aria I feel is the most classic , whose beautiful melody fully reflects Mozarts genius. By using my proffesional kownledge and researching of audio-visual materials of different versions, I have analysed the aria in singing style of harmony, tone,expression of emotion and so on and skill.