The problem of nutrient inputs to surface waters is reviewed. These inputs lead to eutrophication and an undesirable decrease in water quality. The origin and effects of eutrophication, and the principles of its control are described. The preferred method of control is through the reduction of phosphorus inputs. The origins of phosphorus inputs and methods of limiting these are considered, in particular through physico-chemical and biological treatment processes in sewage treatment plants. It is concluded that efficient control of eutrophication through reduction of phosphorus inputs is possible.


The article attempts to identify and systematize trends and risks in the development of the alternative lending market in the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. Alternative lending as a segment of financial technology market (Fintech) in Asia has significantly increased its share in the global market over the past 5 years. During the period from 2017 to 2018, the share of Asia-Pacific countries increased in all 4 key Fintech segments. The research methodology is based on the methods of statistical data analysis, comparative analysis and correlation analysis. As a result of the analysis, the author identifies three main trends: an increase in the level of internationalization of alternative lending, an increase in the role of large technology companies (BigTech) in providing financial services to the population, and outsourcing of storage and client data processing to third parties. Along with these trends, new emerging risks may have an impact on financial stability in Asian countries: the risk of spillover onto other participants in the financial sector, procyclicality and the risk of moral hazard for systemically important organizations, etc. The author comes to the conclusion that in order to minimize the effects of fraud risk as well as other key risks, it is worth introducing a special regime regulating alternative lending in the country.


Are provided in a hybrid electric vehicle to methods and systems for the diagnosis of an intake air temperature sensor. An engine temperature is compared with both a detected before an engine start, but after sufficient engine cooling intake air temperature and an intake air temperature detected after selected vehicle operating conditions since engine start. deterioration of the sensor is determined on the basis of discrepancies between the air temperature and the engine temperature.


Current information about the nutritional composition of milk fat is required for the consumer and therefore essential for the successful development of dairy industries as well as marketing their products. The progress in the knowledge concerning some milk fat components that possess biological properties and health benefits beyond their nutritional significance, has a growing interest in the dairy industry to design and formulate products that incorporate specific bioactive components derived from milk. In the last two decades, special attention has been paid to the fatty acid (FA) composition on all short, medium chain and branched fatty acid as well as linoleic conjugated acid (CLA) in milk and dairy products. Trans monounsaturated fatty acids profiles from dairy fat have gained increasing relevance because they may have metabolic properties distinct from those of other origins, hydrogenation reaction for instance. Other minor lipid compounds with biological activity, phospholipids and cholesterol are part of the fat globule membrane. This review summarizes the current knowledge in milk fat research with a brief overview of the importance of dairy lipids as biological molecules with emphasis on the different bioactive compounds present in this fraction.


Credit-card-based purchases can be categorized into two types: 1) physical card and 2) virtual card. In a physical-card based purchase, the cardholder presents his card physically to a merchant for making a payment. To carry out fraudulent transactions in this kind of purchase, an attacker has to steal the credit card. If the cardholder does not realize the loss of card, it can lead to a substantial financial loss to the credit card company. In the second kind of purchase, only some important information about a card (card number, expiration date, secure code) is required to make the payment. Such purchases are normally done on the Internet or over the telephone. To commit fraud in these types of purchases, a fraudster simply needs to know the card details. Most of the time, the genuine cardholder is not aware that someone else has seen or stolen his card information.The only way to detect this kind of fraud is to analyze the spending patterns on every card and to figure out any inconsistency with respect to the "usual" spending patterns. Fraud detection based on the analysis of existing purchase data of cardholder is a promising way to reduce the rate of successful credit card frauds. The existing nondata mining detection system of business rules and scorecards, and known fraud matching have limitations. To address these limitations and combat identity crime in real time, this paper proposes a new multilayered detection system complemented withtwo additional layers: communal detection (CD) and spike detection (SD).CD finds realsocial relationships to reduce the suspicion score, and is tamper resistant to synthetic social relationships. It is the whitelist-oriented approach on a fixed set of attributes. SD finds spikes in duplicates to increase the suspicion score, and is probe-resistant for attributes.


A new high-precision and low-noise voltage reference source independent of temperature was presented based on bandgap voltage circuit.Good stability and high PSRR were obtained by using a folded cascode circuit with high open-loop gain.Low transconductance PMOS transistors and external filter topology consisting of resistor and capacitor were used to achieve lower noise output.Input offset voltage of the operational amplifier was reduced by optimizing circuit layout.Results from Hspice simulation showed that the reference source had a nominal output of 1.2182 V,a temperature coefficient of 1.257×10-5/℃ for 3 V supply voltage,and a maximum output noise variation less than 5 μV for frequency varying from 103 Hz to 105 Hz.Test results indicated that the proposed voltage reference circuit had high PSRR,low noise,low temperature coefficient and low power dissipation.


If you close the windows and doors Equipped with opening and closing function of the US Secretary windows related to the US Secretary configured so that if the windows and doors closed curtain dated manner of forms. Such non-AD windows is, moves the plurality of rollers to be opened and closed and the frame being securely fixed to the wall of a building, a fixed window and a side-by-side installation window and is secured fixed to the frame and moving the slide provided window, phase of the frame, the lower portion is formed and includes a guide rail and henggeo rails for guiding the opening and closing movement of the window, If it's the yidongchang moving window the guide rail and henggeo rail, so as to be positioned on the same side of the fixed window is formed of a gently curved curvature in their end portion fixed window direction, the roller is non-central axis provided to enable free rotation It provides the secretary windows. The movement of the window pane and fixed contact end is formed into a slope having a predetermined angle are configured so that during movement of the window opening and closing the window can be opened and closed smoothly without interfering with each other.


The analysis of the trilogy of the title receives an increasing attention in the literature. Malinvaud (1980) analyses the dynamics of a disequilibrium model with a fixed-coefficients technology and an investment function that is common to all disequilibrium regimes. His main conclusion is that only Keynesian equilibria are stable in the long run. Laussel (1980) generalizes this model by relaxing these two assumptions. Several cases appear in his model, but Malinvaud's conclusion is in general vindicated. The present paper shows how a strong wealth effect can stabilize the other types of steady states. However, a complete analysis of the investment function involves a multiplication of the number of disequilibrium regimes. This follows from the role of expectations in investment behaviour. Firms must take into account the various cases of disequilibrium they will have to face before reaching their target capital stock. This reduces the attractiveness of the disequilibrium model as a tool for macroeconomic analysis, because of its exaggerated complexity. Following the tradition of neoclassical growth theory, we sidestep this issue and consider a two-asset-money and capital-world, as Tobin (1961, 1969) advocated. B6hm (1978) has analysed the dynamics of money in a disequilibrium framework, but his model ignores capital accumulation. By contrast, our present model puts the emphasis on portfolio equilibrium, somewhat in the IS-LM tradition (Tobin, 1969). We assume an economy without corporate veil, where profits are wholly received as dividends by households. In Bohm's model these profits are taxed away by the government, while Barro and Grossman (1976), Malinvaud (1977) and Laussel (1980) assume a fixed interest rate. In our model, firms take the real wage rate as given, and determine the rate of interest by paying dividends to their owners. On the asset side, we assume a standard demand-for-money function. As there are only two assets, the demand for capital is defined implicitly by the adding-up conditions (Tobin, 1969), and the investment function could be derived from it, given an initial capital stock. The model is specified in Section I, and its temporary equilibria analysed in Section II. Accumulation of capital is the subject of Section III.


A few years ago everybody knew nothing about BRICS. It was just an abbreviation . Now BRICS is playing more and more significant role in international affairs . There is no doubt that in a few years it will become one of the most powerful global players . In all fields: economic, political, crisis resolution, innovations. For all of us it is very important to create conditions for a better stable prosperous and fair world. How shall we act? Thinking about the past? Lusting to what is gone, basing our calculations only on what we have today or taking into consideration all new elements of today and future developments? These are political and philosophical challenges not only to Russia that considers itself as a natural bridge between the European Union and BRICS, but to the EU and BRICS as well. Positive answers to these questions constitute the core of this article.


The wireless sensor network(WSNs) devices developed from the laboratory always haven't being tested before they are used for practical application,and this will bring the uncertainty of their performance when they work.To do performance testing for the WSNs devices when they are developed,a kind of testing system has been developed.This system,using a distributed structure,takes the ARM processor as the core of the test-board,and realizes data exchange with PC by using CAN bus as the testing bus of the system,and it can do the BSL in system program for the large number of the nodes at the same time.Also it can collect the data of energy consumption of the nodes,and monitor the information of its working condition.Finally it can analyze the performance of the WSN after processed by the software on PC.


We recently asked a few of the Digital HASS Champions for their thoughts on all things research, digital tools, projects, and pedagogy. The following summarises their latest research and the digital tools they're currently using.


Telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans(TMEP) is an uncommon form of mastocytosis. This disorder is characterized by reddish-brown macules with telangiectases, usually involving the trunk. Due to the small number of mast cells, Darier's sign is usually absent. Histologic changes are very subtle, showing only a slight increase in mast cell numbers around capillaries and venules of the superficial plexus. We report two cases of TMEP. Their histologic alterations include dermal vascular dilatation and perivascular mast cell infiltration.


For the instant messaging remote control system and method. Discloses a system and method for instant messaging on the remote control. Instant messaging remote controller comprising: an audio / video remote control, an instant messaging user interface, the instant messaging navigator, a keyboard, and integrated messaging / remote control application module. Instant messaging user interface that allows the user to view the state of the instant messaging and instant messaging control function. Instant messaging navigator, allows users to switch between an instant messaging session. The integrated messaging / remote control application module, a set of applications can be realized, the set of the instant messaging application integration operations with audio / video devices, such as televisions, computers, radios, and other remote devices. In addition, the integrated messaging / remote control application module, comprising the following features: a can be performed between a plurality of instant messaging session or a personal computer in instant messaging with remote control for a seamless transition.


The first synthesis of two stereochemically distinct di-nitroxide-18-crown-6 ethers, the syn-(3) and anti-(4) isomers is described and the presence of a spin-spin interaction for the syn-isomer (3) is used as a spectral parameter to follow the binding of K+ ion to the crown ether.


In many magic tricks, magicians fool their audience by performing a mock action (a so-called "ruse"), which merely serves the purpose of providing a seemingly natural explanation for visible movements that are actually part of the secret move they want to hide from the audience. Here, we discuss a special magic ruse in which the action of secretly putting something somewhere is "explained away" by the mock action of fetching something from the same place, or vice versa. Interestingly, the psychological principles underlying the amazing potency and robustness of this technique seem to be very similar to the general perceptual principles underlying figure–ground perception and the assignment of border ownership. This analogy may be useful for exploring the possibility that this and similar magical effects involve immediate "unconscious inferences" about intentions more akin to perceptual processing than to explicit deliberations based on a reflective "theory" of mind.


The position B max of the maximum of magnetic hysteresis loops (MHL) close to zero external magnetic field B ext , in as prepared (Bi,Pb)-2223/Ag tapes, shifts with decreasing temperature anomalously towards positive B ext on the descending-field branch of MHL. The field B max increases steeply below 15 K reaching +0.15 T at 2.5 K. B max (T) is quite similar for rolled and pressed tapes and for tapes with and without a silver sheath. MHL are asymmetric at low temperatures with larger moments on the upper MHL branch. This asymmetry appears below a threshold temperature T* 0.6 T irr , where T irr is an irreversible temperature. The rate of flux creep changes very significantly at the MHL maximum. We propose that B max > 0 can also be observed on a virtual granular superconducting material formed by planes of flat disk-shaped grains with just small contacts at the disk circumferences. B max is positive due to a change of sign of stray fields close to the grain circumferences.


ABSTRACT
Objective: In this study, we want to evaluate the risk factors associated with sexual dysfunction in married women working in health care system. Material & Methods: The sexual function was assessed in the questionnaire using Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). The analysis was conducted using chi-square test or Fisher Exact Test. Results: All participants who were overweight/obese had highest pain problem (p-value 0.034). Women with diabetes mellitus had higher satisfaction problems (p=0.002, OR 13.13, CI 1.73-99.91). The females who used contraception had significantly lower orgasm problems (p<0.004, OR 0.33, CI 0.15-0.72. Participants who worked as medical staff such as nurse/midwife, pharmacist, radiographer had higher pain problems (71.43%) compared to medical staff (administration staff) (OR 27.47, CI 3.73-202). Conclusion: The BMI (overweight/obesity), diabetes mellitus, the use of contraception, and the medical occupation were the significant risk factors to sexual dysfunction problem in women working in the hospital.
Keywords: Female sexual dysfunction, working women, hospital.


Recently, community coalitions have grown in size, scope, and popularity in response to increasing demands for community-based involvement. Despite this trend, little is known about the ubiquitous role communication plays in the creation of community coalition missions, goals, and enactment practices. In addition, few studies have focused on the symbolic discourse of vital, active community groups. This study examines how coalition members have symbolically converged around a shared vision, which has unintentionally affected group sustenance. Fantasy theme analysis identifies two distinct visions in competition with one another, highlighting possible group dysfunction and decline. This communicative analysis of the group's symbolic life, coupled with a practical look into group effectiveness, bridges the gap between functionalist and interpretive approaches to studying organizational groups.


Thus we read these lines in the manuscripts and in the printed editions (with minor variations that are irrelevant to our present purpose); thus the lines were read in the Middle Ages and, perhaps, already in antiquity.


The study examined the influence of logistic management practices on Logistics performance of humanitarian organizations in Kakamega County. The specific objectives of the study were to establish the influence of inventory management practices, Transport management practices,information flow practices and Warehouse Management practices on performance of Humanitarian organizations in Kakamega County, Kenya. The study used both descriptive and explanatory research designs. The target population for the study was the humanitarian organizations in Kakamega North Sub County. The study population composed of 64 the members of recognized NGOs in the county and the humanitarian officers working for international NGS in Kakamega North Sub-county. A semistructured questionnaire was administered through drop and pick technique. The questionnaire was tested for validity and reliability. Both quantitative and qualitative techniques were used to analyse the data with the assistance of SPSS software. The study found that humanitarian organisations, engaged transport management practices that allow for timely deliveries of goods and services to consumers, employ logistic management practices, which help the organization to avoid inventory disruption in the production cycle. The research also found that warehouse management methods promote the delivery of goods to the customers in the appropriate quantity. Based on the regression analysis the study established positive beta coefficients with all study variables, inventory management practices, transportation practices, information flow practices and warehousing practices. In that vein the study concludes that any change made is expected to positively impact logistical effectiveness and efficiencies. I. BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY ogistics is part of the supply chain process that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective forward and reverses flow and storage of goods, services, and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customers' requirements. Humanitarian logistics refer basically to the concept of procuring, mobilizing, storing and even distribution among other aspects that are aimed at delivering material assistance to the people that have been hit by disaster (van der Vorst, 2004). It refers therefore to the set of a system which helps to deliver humanitarian assistance effectively and promptly based on the optimal use of resources. The basic aim of logistics in humanitarian assistance is to create an art of strategy with which material assistance can be delivered to those that have been hit by disasters. It is important to highlight two important concerns in this regard as provided by the Pan Africa Health Organization (2001). One, that it is difficult to improvise the logistic structures during an emergency, and thus, there is need to ensure well planned and prepared framework for such kind of emergencies long before they occur. Either, there is need to use the resources at hand in an appropriate manner which can optimize the benefits that the beneficiaries get. Two, that the different stages that designate the flow of material supplies basically from the source to the beneficiaries constitutes of very closely interrelated linkages (Pan Africa Health Organization, 2001). The logistics management practices include needs assessment practices (Selda Emmett, 2010), material and service ordering practices (Mungatia, 2010), optimal donations management practices (Cozzolino, 2012), best warehousing practices (Americas Relief Team, 2012), documentation, cataloging, consolidation and recording practices (Oloruntoba, 2006), and, transportation and delivery practices (Moeiny & Mokhlesi, 2011). Adebayo (2012) described logistics management practices as an organization's collection of activities to promote efficient logistics management. Logistics managers are responsible for designing and implementing plans that can contribute to sustainable competitive advantage if implemented. In order to satisfy customers or company's needs, logistics refers to the resource flows between the source and the selling point (Vikapia, 2005). Logistics resources can include physical things such as food, material, animals, equipment and liquids, and abstract objects, such as time and L International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 10, Issue 9, September 2020 98 ISSN 2250-3153 This publication is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.10.09.2020.p10513 www.ijsrp.org knowledge. Logistics management is a supply chain management component that schedules, executes and tracks the movement of products, services and related information between point and place of use, effectively forward and reverses the distribution and storage of the goods and services, so that they can meet our client's requirements. Management of the logistics industry plays a significant role in the performance of any company and has a direct impact on its outcome. More significantly, organizational processes are more critical than low cost of goods in order to achieve customer satisfaction. Logistics experts should consider themselves to be a company client and aim to add value for their customers every day. Logistics management activities include operations handling the movement of product from the receiving dock of the store to the point of sale through the warehouse. Logistics involves storage, purchasing, organization and storage within the store of goods (Samli 2005). It includes both consumer returns and seasonal returns to the Distribution Center (DC). The results are included. International humanitarian organizations are key source of humanitarian assistance in Kenya (Omondi, Ombui & Mungatu, 2013). Currently, there is approximately 30 international NGOs, operating and providing humanitarian aid in Kenya (Mungiti, 2013). The main role of international NGOs in Kenya is to mobilize resources for humanitarian assistance to the community. They also act as a watch to the inhuman acts as well the shortcomings by the governments in its service delivery to the people. The growing demand for humanitarian aid in Kenya has called for more support from the international community, much of which is supported by humanitarian organizations. More importantly, these organizations have played a key role in checking on the checks and balances on the state of governance by the government to its citizens (Omondi, Ombui & Mungatu, 2013). In their process of giving assistance however, these organizations have been faced with various challenges (Mungiti, 2013). According to Omondi, Ombuiand Mungatu (2013) these include; insecurity in conflicts and harsh zones, low funding from their mother organizations and other donors, poor strategic planning, conflicting interests between them and that of the Kenya government, hostility from the from the community especially in the North Eastern Part of Kenya, poor governance, harsh climatic conditions which derail their operations at times, corruption, political upheavals, limited capacity and, religious and cultural conflicts from the areas they are required to deliver humanitarian assistance. The Global Humanitarian Assistance (2013) has classified Kenya as a fragile nation in terms of humanitarian aid. The country's demand for humanitarian aid has been on a sharp rise, which has been attributed to the increasing state of disasters such as droughts, foreign refugees, floods, terrorist attacks, accidents, and disease outbreaks among other disasters. International humanitarian organizations have been very proactive in providing aid to the people affected by disasters (Ergun, et al., 2009). Both logistic and supply chain practices and the management issues that arise from them have become central in these organizations, from the realization of the role they play in the overall performance of the organizations (Tysseland, 2009). The overall problem in disaster relief is poor support for logistics. Logistics plays key role in supporting organizations as they strive for more efficient management systems (Cozzolino, 2012) as in the business practices, the inefficient logistics system together with the inefficient internal management would disable the organization to respond to the needs of customers with the lowest price at the shortest feasible time frame including the quality level which does not meet customer expectation and would lead the organizations to the competitive disadvantage situation against their rivals. In Kenya, (Gitonga, 2017) carried out a study on the link between logistics management practices and operational performance of fast moving consumer goods manufacturers in Nairobi. The study established that Fast moving manufacturing companies Kenya employed logistics management practices including transportation management practices which enabled timely delivery of products and services to customers, inventory management practices which enable the firm to avoid inventory bottleneck in production. In addition, the study found that warehouse management practices facilitated products delivery at the right quantity to the customers and packaging practices. (Mwangangi, 2016) studied the influence of logistics management practices on the performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study concluded that logistics management was collectively significant in influencing the performance of the manufacturing firms. Thus, the purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of logistics management practices of performance of humanitarian organizations in Kakamega North sub county, Kakamega County, Kenya. The specific objectives for the study were; to establish the influence of inventory management practices on performance of Humanitarian organizations, to assess the influence of Transport management practices on performance of Humanitarian organizations, to determine the ef


Abstract Introduction COVID-19 is becoming an indicator of inequality in societies. Due to the difficult socio-economic situation, Roma in Bulgaria face a higher risk of suffering and death due to COVID-19 than general population. The aim of the report is to analyze the impact of the epidemic of COVID-19 and the anti-epidemic measures applied among the Roma community in Sliven district, Bulgaria. Material and methods An exploratory qualitative study design was adopted, combining focus group discussion and qualitative interviews. One focus group with 8 representatives of the Roma ethnic group, and 7 in-depth interviews with specialists working with the Roma community were conducted in November 2020. Data were subjected to thematic analysis. 6 priority topics have been formulated and a hierarchical framework of codes has been built through free software. The experts, assessment of 13 university professors of public health was applied. The COREQ - checklist for reporting quality research was used. Results A segregated Roma community of about 20 000 people lives in the Nadezhda neighborhood in the town of Sliven. The impressions of the author from the in-depth conducted interviews with the specialists were compared with the summarized view of the experts, reflecting the information received from the Roma population in focus group. Matching the codes of the author and the experts in relation to 5 of the topics such as: work - work; fear - insecurity; healthcare - doctor; 'closing the neighborhood' - police; despair, pessimistic views, deterioration of the epidemic situation - disease, misery, famine was found. No coincidences were found regarding future measures to reduce the negative effects of the COVID-19 crisis. Conclusions The measures taken against the spread of the pandemic further worsen the medical and social situation of the Roma ethnic group in Bulgaria. Our findings pointed to the importance of a multi-sectoral strategy to improve Roma health during and after a COVID-19. Key messages Due to the socio-economic situation, Roma in Bulgaria face a higher risk of suffering and death due to COVID-19 than general population and multi-sectoral strategy to improve Roma health is needed. According Roma ethnic group in Bulgaria the measures taken against the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic further worsen their medical and social situation and lead to disease, misery and famine.


Highly fluorescent films composed of Si-based nanomaterial were successfully fabricated, using an inexpensive low power electrodeposition process and the abundant least toxic water glass solutions. The films were successfully deposited on highly and moderately conducting substrates and selective area deposition was demonstrated. Different analytical techniques show that the produced films are strongly fluorescent and stable under UV excitation. Material and structural analysis confirm that the deposited films are composed of Si-based nanomaterial. The results were interpreted in terms of current-induced nucleation of silicon nanomaterial.


Polymer materials are applied to an actuator. The shape-memory alloy also applied to the actuator. The actuator made of polymer materials moves slowly. The actuator made of shape-memory alloy needs a cooling system. Muscle tissue, on the other hand, has possibility to be applied to a hybrid-actuator. Cell culture technique realizes cultured myotubes, of which movement can be controlled by electric pulses. The micro hybrid bio-actuator can be applied to a micro pump. Muscle cells can be cultured and differentiated to myotubes in vitro. In the present study, a bio-actuator has been designed using skeletal muscle cells.


We describe a digital design process that interfaces real-time data with 3D modeling and 3D printing techniques. Digital Impressionism (DI) is a platform that explores new material possibilities, by 3D modeling physical and digital objects, as affected by invisible forces that act upon them in real time. Using a 3D pointcloud as a medium, we describe an experimental project run with students in our programme, incorporating realtime audio data to manipulate 3D physical forms, resulting in new static and dynamic shapes with what we call a hybrid materiality. The modeling platform of DI treats materials as composites, through which substance becomes physical via the digital interference the environment applies to digital forms. We describe dynamic modeling processes through which data enables a new hybrid tectonic made of composite shapes and materials. This abstract introduces the project and describes our methodology and results so far.


Successful pharmaceutical drug development requires finding correct doses. The issues that conventional dose‐response analyses consider, namely whether responses are related to doses, which doses have responses differing from a control dose response, the functional form of a dose‐response relationship, and the dose(s) to carry forward, do not need to be addressed simultaneously. Determining if a dose‐response relationship exists, regardless of its functional form, and then identifying a range of doses to study further may be a more efficient strategy. This article describes a novel estimation‐focused Bayesian approach (BMA‐Mod) for carrying out the analyses when the actual dose‐response function is unknown. Realizations from Bayesian analyses of linear, generalized linear, and nonlinear regression models that may include random effects and covariates other than dose are optimally combined to produce distributions of important secondary quantities, including test‐control differences, predictive distributions of possible outcomes from future trials, and ranges of doses corresponding to target outcomes. The objective is similar to the objective of the hypothesis‐testing based MCP‐Mod approach, but provides more model and distributional flexibility and does not require testing hypotheses or adjusting for multiple comparisons. A number of examples illustrate the application of the method.


This paper presents an approach for recognizing the broken area of the traffic signs. The method is based on the Recognition System for Traffic Signs (RSTS). This paper describes an approach to using the location histogram matching for the broken traffic signs recognition, after the general process of the image detection and image categorization. The recognition proceeds by using the SIFT features to adjust the acquired image to a standard position, followed by the histogram bin will be compared the image with reference image, and finally output the location and percents of the broken area.


Self-Reliant Development and International Food Assistance Reform Act of 1979 - Amends the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 to require the use of agricultural commodities under this Act for humanitarian and developmental objectives. Authorizes the export of commodities to meet developmental purposes even if it results in inadequate domestic supplies. Permits the dollar sales value of the commodities to be applied by the recipient country against their repayment obligation under the Food for Development Program and credit obligation to the Commodity Credit Corporation. Directs the President: (1) to give special consideration to increasing demand for food by expanding markets for local foodstuffs, as well as U.S. commodities; and (2) to take precautions that credit sales and commodity distributions do not interfere with local food production or marketing. Provides for the use of indigenous institutions and workers to assure that food commodities are used effectively and where most needed. Requires countries selling U.S. agricultural commodities for developmental purposes to agree to use the money generated from such sales to alleviate the causes of the need for such assistance, as well as increasing the effectiveness of food distribution and availability of food commodities. Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to declare that assistance under such Act and the Agriculture and Trade Assistance Act of 1954 emphasize programs to assist developing countries to increase their national food security.


This article is part of the Nucleic acids: new life, new materials web‐themed issue   Guest edited by:  Mike Gait Medical Research Council, Cambridge, UK Ned Seeman New York University, USA David Liu Harvard University, USA Oliver Seitz Humboldt‐ Universität zu Berlin, Germany Makoto Komiyama University of Tsukuba, Japan Jason Micklefield University of Manchester, UK   All articles in this issue will be gathered online at www.rsc.org/nucleic_acids   Pu bl is he d on 1 9 Fe br ua ry 2 01 3. D ow nl oa de d by P or tla nd S ta te U ni ve rs ity o n 24 /0 5/ 20 13 0 5: 00 :4 4. View Article Online


Fluorescence-activated droplet sorting (FADS) has become a widely used technique for high-throughput screening applications. However, existing methods are very sensitive to fluctuating flow rates at the sorting junction, which can be caused by the pulsing effects of mechanical pumps, droplet aggregates or the accumulation of precipitates during lengthy biological screening applications. Furthermore, existing sorting devices allow only 2-way sorting. We present here a dielectrophoretic sorting system in which the droplets are sorted along multiple electrode pairs that run parallel to the channels. This enables highly reliable sorting (no errors were detected for more than 2000 sorting events) even when inverting the relative flow rates at a 2-way sorting junction from 80 : 20 to 20 : 80. Furthermore, our toolbox is scalable: we demonstrate on the example of a triple-colour sorting experiment with a total of four decoupled electrodes that multi-way sorting is feasible.


An enhanced general-purpose timer(EGPT)is presented. In addition to the function of a universal timer's function,the device can generate interrupt request and control the output signal,and it can selectively capture the time at which an external event occurs. It also provides a modulus latch to generate interrupt request for frequent timing outputs. The design was used in a base-band chip for 2.5-generation mobile phones,which was implemented in 0.18 μm process.


One of the most challenging problems encountered when analyzing real-world gene expression datasets is high dimensionality (overabundance of features/attributes). This large number of features can lead to suboptimal classification performance and increased computation time. Feature selection, whereby only a subset of the original features are used for building a classification model, is the most commonly used technique to counter high dimensionality. One category of feature selection called wrapper-based techniques employ a classifier to directly find the subset of features which performs best. Unfortunately, noise can negatively impact the effectiveness of data mining techniques and subsequently lead to suboptimal results. Class noise in particular has a detrimental effect on the classification performance, making datasets perform poorly across a wide range of classifiers (i.e. Having a high "difficulty-of-learning."). No previous work has examined the effectiveness of wrapper-based feature selection when learning from real world high dimensional gene expression datasets in the context of difficulty-of-learning due to noise. To study this effectiveness, we perform experiments using ten gene expression datasets which was first determined to be easy-to-learn-from then had artificial class noise injected in a controlled fashion creating three levels of difficulty-of-learning (Easy, Moderate, and Hard). Using the Naïve Bayes learner, we perform wrapper feature selection followed by classification, using four classifiers (Naïve Bayes, Multilayer Perceptron, 5-Nearest Neighbor, and Support Vector Machines), and we compare these results to the classification performance without feature selection. The results show that wrapper-based feature selection effectiveness depends on the choice of learner: for Multilayer Perceptron, wrapper selection improved performance compared to not using feature selection, while for Naïve Bayes it slightly reduced performance and for the remaining learners it further reduced performance. Because its performance relative to no feature selection varied depending on the choice of learner, we recommend that wrapper selection be at least considered in future bioinformatics experiments, especially if the goal is gene discovery not classification. Also, as dimensionality reduction techniques are not only useful but necessary for high-dimensional bioinformatics datasets, the no-feature-selection case may not be feasible in practice.


: During our investigation, some fungal species were isolated which are Keratinophilic and dermatophytic. This group of fungi are potentially pathogenic, causing so many skin diseases in human beings and animals, such as ringworms, mycoses, moniliasis, histoplasmosis, dermatophytosis, maduromycosis, aspergillosis, candidiasis etc. Among twenty eight different fungal isolates from different keratin containing materials such as feathers, nails, hairs (Nigam and Kushwaha 1989) and soils from different localities of Patna, Microsporum canis had been selected to see the influence of different carbohydrates on the growth of the fungus. Carbohydrates play a major role in promoting our health, they form a major part of our food and help a great deal in building strength in the body by way of generating energy and obviously it will also affect the growth of fungus also. So in this project we had analysed the growth of Microsporum canis on about about 15 different carbohydrates as Laevulose, Glucose, Xylose, Dextrose, Fructose, Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose, Raffinose, Sarbose, Pectin, Cellulose, Starch, Mannitol, Sorbitol and one control. A very significant result occurred.


Background: Postnatal care is defined as care given to the mother and her newborn baby immediately after the birth of the placenta and for the first six weeks of life, the objective of this study is to determine the individual factors, assess the health facility-related factors, and determine the community-related factors affecting the uptake of PNC services among postnatal mothers in Lira Regional Referral Hospital, Lira City. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used, with quantitative methods of data collection. A sample of 50 respondents who were postnatal mothers with children less than 2 months of age were used, selected by simple random sampling. Data was collected using researcher-administered questionnaires and analyzed using a descriptive method presented on graphs, tables, figures, and charts. Results: Less than half (42%) of the respondents are 5 to 7 km from the health facility, the majority (64%) of the respondents got routine health education, and the majority (74%) of the respondents reported that they took less than one hour to reach the nearest health facility, most (52%) of the respondents have ever been visited at home, the majority (62%) of the respondents do not have cultural practices about PNC, most (66%)of the mothers delivered from the health facility, the majority (68%) of the mothers were from low poverty level communities and finally, most (64%) of the mothers were from urban areas. Conclusion: There was high uptake of PNC among mothers who resided nearer to the health facility, and got routine health education than those working. Recommendations: There is a need to encourage community awareness of the available PNC services, there is a need to provide routine health education, there is a need to encourage husband involvement in health care and finally, there is a need to reduce community poverty levels.


Abstract : A model is developed which relates the structure of a combat unit to its expected effectiveness during a time interval. Sensitivity to variations of structure is incorporated into the model by adapting effectiveness concepts from reliability theory, and by constructing the attrition process as a continuous parameter Markov chain. The model is highly sensitive to the judgment of the user, due to parametric flexibility both in the attrition process, and effectiveness measurement. Two solution methods are given. Examples are employed to illustrate the model's use, and proposals for refinement are offered.


Analysis of the achievements made by Lviv historical environment in the interwar period, guided by a deep conviction of its paramount importance. Historical Society in Lviv was founded, which covered the entire territory of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The main focus is on research era Stanislav Poniatowski, which is the result of scientific interests of the author.


The economy of the tourist market is formed and functions on the basis of the interdependence of the companies in the region, the activities of which are directly or indirectly linked to the economy of tourism as well as preservation of the ecological balance of natural resources and historical, religious objects within the recreational territories. The result of the regional economy is creating and sustaining of the competitive advantage and achieving a higher level of competitiveness of the entire tourism industry. Profiling of a region should be aimed at creating a highly advanced tourist center of an international level that will enable long-term economic development. The real content of the concept of tourism will be shaped in the course of the collision of these positive trends and negative results, and will largely depend on the overall situation in the country, but on the other hand, in many ways it will determine the economic situation in Russia. Different types of tourism activities correspond to relative tourist spaces, representing part of the social space combining a set of interrelated natural and socio-economic conditions used for the tourism industry. The size and composition of the internal organization of a tourist space has a hierarchical structure. This article analyzes the structure of the regional tourist market and its subjects as well as key approaches to the formation of the concept of regional tourism management. The article discusses also examines spatial-regional clustering of tourist areas, the basic conditions for the creation of tourist clusters, and the principles of the establishment and management of tourist clusters. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s5p267


Marilynne Robinson's two most recent novels offer a compelling ethical framework for contemporary readers. After reviewing the shift in how her seminal novel Housekeeping has been received, this article demonstrates how Robinson's more recent fiction focuses on responsibility, generosity, and interdependence, all founded in a system of belief her protagonists have accepted. Robinson's work invites readers to reconsider humanistic concerns in ways that speak back to neoliberal hegemony and postmodern relativism.


The motion of a rigid particle and a flexible fluid-filled capsule in a pressure-driven flow through a channel with a side branch is investigated. The fluid velocity profiles are assumed to adopt those of unidirectional Poiseuille flow far upstream and downstream in the main channel, and downstream in the side branch. The flow rates are prescribed, leaving the instantaneous pressure drop between the entrance and exits to be calculated as part of the solution. The rigid particle is assumed to be both force-free and torque-free. The membrane of the flexible capsule is treated as a thin two-dimensional elastic sheet which develops elastic tensions and bending moments according to simple constitutive laws. The problem is solved numerically using the boundary element method for Stokes flow. The computational novelty of the formulation is the inclusion of a notional boundary at the entrance to the side branch which avoids the need to collocate the channel ends. An elastic capsule which is released in a straight channel flow quickly deforms from its resting configuration into a parachute-like shape after travelling a few capsule radii, but takes a much greater distance to attain a steady shape. Increasing the viscosity of the fluid inside the capsule increases the time taken to reach an almost identical steady-state shape. However, when the stiffness of the membrane is increased, the capsule deforms less and the steady-state shape is attained in a shorter time. A capsule in a branching channel flow is drawn out of the main channel when the flow rate in the side branch is sufficiently strong. The deformation suffered by an elastic capsule depends on its size, its initial location and the width and angle of the branch channel. When the branch angle is acute or a right-angle, the capsule may become trapped on the downstream branch corner and experience relatively large membrane tensions, thus presenting the possibility of bursting. Obtuse-angled branchings decrease the possibility of a capsule becoming trapped on the corner, although the residence time in the vicinity of the corner increases significantly. A capsule may suffer considerable distortion as it negotiates the branching region, but the membrane tensions are less than those experienced by a trapped capsule. When a capsule is on a path which takes it close to the downstream corner of the branch entrance, the path taken depends on the properties of the elastic membrane. A capsule with a stiffer membrane is more likely to remain in the main channel. Although the results are for a two-dimensional branching, they are nonetheless consistent with experimental observations of plasma skimming.


SynopsisThis paper reports on the long-term efficacy of a group therapy programme for men who are abusive and physically violent towards their women partners. The twelve week group programme was offered on a regional basis by the Domestic Violence Service in Adelaide. Data were collected from the male participants and their women partners. The pre-test post-test evaluation incorporated a six and twelve month follow-up study and covered attitudinal characteristics, the measurement of physical and non-physical abuse and examined the social environment of the participant's family. Qualitative data were also collected. The results indicated that the majority of men made long term behavioural and attitudinal changes. In conclusion, the evaluation is discussed in relation to a social change strategy aimed at eliminating domestic violence.


Fresh calf lenses incubated in nutritive media containing dexamethasone phosphate or ouabain in concentrations ranging from 1 × 10−4M to 1 × 10−8M developed cortical opacification and showed significant inhibition of Na+‐K+ ATP'ase activity. Over a 3‐day incubation period the decrease in Na+‐K+ ATP'ase activity correlated well with the observed decrease in light transmission. The degree of enzyme inhibition and decrease in light transmission varied directly with the concentration of dexamethasone phosphate and ouabain, with significant changes observed at 'physiologic' and 'pharmacologic' concentrations of these agents. Lenses incubated for 4 days in dexamethasone phosphate or ouabain showed substantial increases in water content as well as an increase in Na+ and a decrease in K+ concentration. These data suggest that inhibition of the cation pump may play a significant role in the formation of steroid cataract in vitro.


The DNA fragment encoding the extracellular domain of bovine IgG Fc receptor type Ⅱ (boFcγRⅡ, CD32) was amplified from the cDNA library of bovine alvcolar macrophage. The PCR product digested by EcoR Ⅰ and Hind Ⅲ was inserted into an expression vector of pET28a under the control of T promoter, and the recombinant plasmid designated as pETboRⅡ. Sodium doecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis showed that E.coli BL21(DE3) transformed with pETboRⅡ expressed a recombinant protein of approximate 27kDa. The protein predominantly existed as inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm. It was shown that the denatured protein of boFcγRⅡ was able to bind bovine IgG specifically as analyzed by western blotting and dot-blot, suggesting that there be linear epitopes on the protein responsible for binding of bovine IgG.


This paper is devoted to studying a q-analogue of Sturm–Liouville operators. We formulate a dissipative q-difference operator in a Hilbert space. We construct a self adjoint dilation of such operators. We also construct a functional model of the maximal dissipative operator which is based on the method of Pavlov and define its characteristic function. Finally, we prove theorems on the completeness of the system of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the maximal dissipative q-Sturm–Liouville difference operator.


The article explores the relationship of metacognition level,achievement and mathematical problem-posing ability by experimental method,indicates that middle school students' metacognitive knowledge level is comparatively high,metacognitive experience level is slightly low,metacognitive monitoring ability is comparatively weak,mathematical problem consciousness is thin,the mathematical problem-posing level is comparatively low,significant correlation is found between metacognition,achievement and mathematical problem-posing ability;there exists significant differences in the mathematical problem-posing ability of the students with high,middle and low metacognition level,and of the students with excellent,intermediate and subordinate students.


It has been shown previously that ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) has an endonuclease activity, which is increased by protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ)-dependent phosphorylation. However, the reciprocal mechanism for rpS3 dephosphorylation is not known. In this study, we examined phosphatases involved in rpS3 dephosphorylation, and we determined that rpS3 is specifically dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). By immunoprecipitation assay, rpS3 only interacted with PP2Ac but not with protein phosphatase 1. The interaction between rpS3 and PP2Ac occurred only in the nuclear fraction. Moreover, the PP2Ac association with rpS3 was identified in cells transfected with wild-type rpS3 but not with mutant rpS3 lacking PKCδ phosphorylation sites. PP2A inhibition using okadaic acid induced rpS3 phosphorylation. The level of phosphorylated rpS3 in cells was decreased by the overexpression of PP2Ac and was increased by the down-regulation of PP2Ac. Taken together, these results suggest that oxidative stress regulates the phosphorylation status of nonribosomal rpS3 by both activating PKCδ and blocking the PP2A interaction with rpS3.


An unhealthy lifestyle causes a variety of health concerns in today's world. A fatty liver, or accumulation of fat in the liver, is one such ailment. The liver is the body's second largest organ. Fatty liver, commonly known as Fatty Liver Disease, is a reversible illness in which huge vacuoles of triglyceride fat build in liver cells through the steatosis process. This review article provides detailed information about fatty liver disease and the role of general management in its therapy.

Keywords: Life style, Obesity, Liver, Fat, Fatty Liver, Homoeopathy.


Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by selective death of the medium spiny GABAergic neurons in the striatum. Worldwide a large population of people suffers from this progressive degenerating disease and a lot more are at risk. Although the genetics of HD was known by the end of twentieth century the exact molecular mechanism leading to the selective striatal pathology is still a mystery. Till date no cure or preventive measures are
available for the disease and the therapies available for the treatment arem mostly symptomatic. So the focus of HD research demanded a shift from molecular genetics to neurobiology with the hope that understanding the
basic mechanisms of pathology will lead to newer therapeutic strategies. Mainly because of these reasons researchers are constantly involved in developing animal models that manifest the cardinal features of the disease
that are reproducible and at same time quantifiable. The latest evidence of this effort was reflected in development of a transgenic monkey model of the disease. In the present study an animal model has been established by administering a mitochondrial neurotoxin 3-NP in rats and characterized to
ensure its reliability and reproducibility in terms of behavioral, histopathological and neurochemical attributes. The model is then employed to study the basic molecular mechanisms that lead to the demise of the striatal cells. The status of proteasome, a principal muticatalytic protein
degradation complex was also investigated under the pathological condition induced by 3-NP in this model. The outcome of the entire work is documented in this thesis.


This article investigates the topological pressure of isotropic axial products of Markov subshift on the $d$-tree. We show that the quantity increases with dimension $d$, and demonstrate that, with the introduction of surface pressure, the two types of pressure admit the same asymptotic value. To this end, the pattern distribution vectors and the associated transition matrices are introduced herein to partially transplant the large deviation theory to tree-shifts, and so the increasing property is proved via an almost standard argument. An application of the main result to a wider class of shift spaces is also provided in this paper, and numerical experiments are included for the purpose of verification.


Bioreactor landfills for municipal solid wastes were simulated in lab-scale reactors for both anaerobic and aerobic conditions to investigate the stabilization and release of heavy metals.The results show that the ultimate fixation ratios of Cd,Mn,Ni,Pb,and Zn in this experiment were 70.2%,83.9%,90.6%, 70%,and 95.7%,respectively.Aerobic conditions did not activate Pb or Cd. Although oxygen increased the release of Mn,Ni,and Zn,the amounts were quite small compared with the total amount fixed in the wastes.The results show that treatment of municipal solid waste can fix large percentages of the heavy metals and that environmental disturbances have insignificant influences on the process.


Educational activities for general practitioners (GPs) are expected to increase as revalidation draws closer.1-3 Yet, the debate on how best to facilitate adult learning continues. A critical review of 13 common learning styles (out of a possible 71) concluded with a guarded view of this sprawling discipline.4 Nevertheless, the ultimate aim of these models, whether implied or explicit, is to improve the quality of learning (and teaching). Learning is personal change5,6 and the quality of this change is a continuum.7 This continuum extends from rote learning to highly meaningful learning. It is generally accepted that rote learning involves verbatim memorisation of new knowledge while meaningful learning seeks to understand this knowledge. Yet, this definition of meaningful learning significantly undervalues the richness and complexity of the concept of meaningful learning. The discrepancy may be due to the term 'understand'. MEANINGFUL LEARNING


1. Intracellular recording was used to study the influence of GABAB autoreceptor‐mediated regulation of monosynaptic GABAA and GABAB receptor‐mediated hyperpolarizing inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPAs and IPSPBs, respectively) on alpha‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl ‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor‐mediated excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPAs and EPSPNs, respectively) in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices. To achieve this, synaptic potential were evoked monosynaptically by near stimulation following blockade of either EPSPNs, by the NMDA receptor antagonist (R)‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonopentanoate (AP5; 0.05 mM), or EPSPAs, by the AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (CNQX; 0.01 mM). 2. Paired‐pulse stimulation at 3‐50 Hz caused an increase in the duration (paired‐pulse widening) of EPSPAs, which paralleled the time course of paired‐pulse depression of monosynaptic IPSCs, and a potentiation of the amplitude (paired‐pulse potentiation) of EPSPAs, which did not. Paired‐pulse stimulation also caused frequency‐dependent changes in EPSPNs. At frequencies > 40 Hz it produced paired‐pulse depression of EPSPNs, along with marked summation of IPSPS, and at frequencies < 40 Hz it caused paired‐pulsed enlargement of EPSPNs, concomitant with a reduction in IPSPS. 3. Paired‐pulse potentiation of EPSPAs at 50 Hz was enhanced by picrotoxin (0.1 mM) but was not significantly affected by 3‐amino‐propyl(diethoxymethyl)phosphinic acid (CGP 35348; 1 mM). Paired‐pulse depression of EPSPNs at 50 Hz was converted to paired‐pulse enlargement by picrotoxin but was unaffected by CGP 35348. These effects can be explained by block of IPSPAs by picrotoxin. 4. Paired‐pulsed widening of EPSPAs at 5 Hz was occluded by picrotoxin and abolished by CGP 35348. Similarly, paired‐pulsed enlargement of EPSPNs at 5 Hz was occluded, and in some cases converted to paired‐pulse depression, by picrotoxin. The effects of CGP 35348 were more complex in that this antagonist reduced paired‐pulse enlargement of EPSPNs in control medium whereas it eliminated paired‐pulsed depression of EPSPNs in the presence of picrotoxin, effects consistent with its block of GABAB autoreceptors and IPSPBS, respectively. 5. 'Priming' using a 'priming stimulation protocol' (a single 'priming stimulus' followed at 1‐50 Hz ('priming frequency') by a 'primed burst' of four shocks at 20‐100 Hz ('burst frequency')) caused an increase in both 'primed' EPSPAs and EPSPNs compared with 'unprimed' EPSPAs and EPSPNs. This effect was optimal when the respective priming and burst frequencies were 5 and 100 Hz. 6. In the presence of either picrotoxin or CGP 35348 the primed EPSPAs and EPSPNs resembled unprimed EPSPAs and EPSPNs, respectively. This was because picrotoxin occluded whereas CGP 35348 blocked the effect of priming on EPSPS. 7. CGP 35348 had only modest effects on EPSPAs but enhanced EPSPNs evoked by a tetanus (20 stimuli at 100 Hz), in either the presence or absence of picrotoxin. In the absence of picrotoxin, CGP 35348 also promoted depolarization by enhancing a depolarizing GABAA receptor‐mediated component (IPSPD). These effects can all be attributed to block of IPSPBS by CGP 35348. 8. CGP 35348 blocked the induction of long‐term potentiation (LTP) of extracellularly recorded field EPSPs elicited by a priming stimulation protocol in control medium but was ineffective in the presence of picrotoxin. CGP 35348 was also ineffective at preventing tetanus‐induced LTP (100 Hz, 1 s) in both the absence and presence of picrotoxin. 9. These data demonstrate the complex regulation of AMPA and NMDA receptor‐mediated EPSPs during various patterns of synaptic activation caused by the dynamic changes in GABA‐mediated synaptic inhibition, which are orchestrated by GABAA autoreceptors in a frequency‐dependent


In contrast to Europe and the United States (US), conventional insulin pumps have not been widely used in East Asia, even among people with type 1 diabetes. Clinical experiences in Europe and the US indicate that automated insulin delivery (AID) can successfully improve the quality of glucose control even in people with type 1 diabetes who do not have experience with conventional insulin pumps. Therefore, prior use of a conventional insulin pump was not a requirement for successful introduction of AID. However, use of AID still requires full understanding of conventional insulin pump management, and AID-specific education as well. Besides basic information on continuous glucose monitoring and conventional insulin pumps, people with type 1 diabetes starting AID should understand the difference between closed-loop and open-loop insulin delivery, should have reasonable expectations for AID, and should be motivated to engage in clinical follow-up to prevent discontinuation of the use of AID devices. Failure to provide AID-specific education before and after the introduction of AID would result in discontinuation of the use of AID devices, which would in turn result in suboptimal glucose control. In this review, I summarize lessons from clinical experience where AID is already in clinical use, and discuss what preparations should be made for successful introduction of AID in Korean clinical practice.


By drawing from a number of studies in the field as well as the Snowden revelations and the case of MegaUpload/MEGA, the article makes an analysis of relevant legislation on privacy in the digital context. The purpose of the analysis is to understand to what extent and how the current paradigm of privacy protection is, or is not, sufficient for contemporary needs. In particular, we ask how privacy is protected by policy in an American context and to what extent this is or is not insufficient in relation to an approach of "privacy by design". In short, we conclude that privacy by policy is necessary but not sufficient and that efforts should be made to further implement policy by design.


Ageing is a condition of deterioration of the physiological functions necessary for the survival and fertility over time. Amongst the various factors that accelerate the ageing process, reactive oxygen species produced during normal metabolism is one of the major contributors. In this study, we have evaluated the effect of manjistha and ginger on the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster . It was found that feeding manjistha and ginger can extend the lifespan of flies significantly, unlike those fed on control media. Further, we demonstrated that manjistha was effective against paraquat-induced oxidative stress. Upon paraquat treatment, mortality rate of 12% and 8% was observed in male and female flies respectively that were reared on manjistha supplemented media whereas mortality of 100% and 92% were observed in male and female flies, respectively when reared on control media. The present study suggests potential benefits on the longevity of the flies by the dietary supplementation with ginger and manjistha, especially in the oxidative stress condition. These findings should be further examined to identify active components present in these plant products that show its manifestation on the well-being of the fly.


Vapor‐phase fluorescence from the S1 (n, π*) states of pyridine‐h5 and ‐d5, α‐ and β‐picolines, and 2,6‐lutidine has been studied. The fluorescence quantum yields of these compounds are, respectively, 5.9×10−5, 6.0×10−5, 3.5×10−5, 5.4×10−5, and 2.5×10−5 for excitation to the zero‐point level of S1. The quantum yields of the first four compounds decrease sharply as the excitation energy is raised to the value corresponding to the S2 (π, π*) state, whereas the yield of 2,6‐lutidine is fairly constant throughout the S1←S0 and S2←S0 absorption regions. The fluorescence quantum yields and their excitation‐energy dependence undergo no significant change upon pressure increase from 0.5 to 20 Torr or addition of a foreign gas up to 760 Torr. The rate constants for the intersystem crossing (kISC) and the other nonradiative processes (kFQ) are evaluated as functions of the excitation energy for pyridine‐h5 and α‐picoline with the aid of the intersystem‐crossing yield values which are available from the literature. ...


Microwave-assisted extraction is the process of using microwave energy to heat the moisture present in the plant material or solvents in contact in order to extract natural products from the plant materials. A typical microwave-assisted extraction is completed within few minutes with higher yield and less solvent consumption. This review gives a brief theoretical background of microwave heating along with the mechanism involved for extraction and influence of parameters is discussed. Finally, a comparison of microwave-assisted extraction with other extraction techniques is given which enables the readers to appreciate microwave-assisted extraction as energy efficient, environment friendly and rapid method available today.


he article deals with the interpretation of the ancient philosophical tradition by Russian thinkers of the 19th-20th centuries. Russian philosophers, in the context of the philosophical problems they faced, traced the development of rational theology within the framework of ancient thought. Philosophy liberated the human personality from external violence, gave it inner spiritual content through understanding the ontological, epistemological and religious foundations of socio-historical processes. The article focuses on the fact that in Russia of this period, in anticipation of a new era of "religious creativity", philosophers made an attempt to rethink those philosophical traditions and approaches that led to the establishment of Christianity. At the same time, the significance of philosophy goes far beyond the theoretical understanding of the world; philosophical concepts serve as the most important guide in practical life. The authors of the article pay special attention to the philosophical concepts of V. V. Rozanov, S. N. Trubetskoy and S. L. Frank.


The research of animal hibernation is an important area that the animal biology expert study the ability of animals adapting to the environment.Biological experts will collect a large number of hibernate data during the experimental study of animal hibernation process.The hibernation data analysis requires the technology support from computer field.Based on this research demand,in the research through implanted the semiconductor temperature recording element iButton Spermophilus dauricus'body to record hibernate body temperature changes.By combining MATLAB and Excel to analysis the experimental data,we developed a continuous recording animals hibernate body temperature data analysis system.The system is mainly to achieve of the analysis of the data of Spermophilus dauricus' hibernate data,by setting the sleep temperature and out of sleep temperature to calculate the hibernation lasted by the GUI graphical user interface image to display results.The system program is easy to modify,intuitive and easy to operate,it can be used to easy the biological subject experts get ideal results and simplify the process of biological disciplines researchers operations on data.And it can be the basic study of latter research.


Hydroabietyl acrylate was synthesized by reacting the acryloyl chloride with hydroabietyl alcohol with the hydroxyl-to-acyl chloride molar ratio 1∶1.Its structure and properties were characterized by using FTIR spectroscopy,GC/MS,13CNMR spectroscopy and DSC.The results showed that hydroabietyl acrylate is composed of perhydrogenated abietyl acrylate,dihydroabietyl acrylate,dehydrogenated abietyl acrylate,and a small amount of methyl hydroabietate.The fraction of hydroabietyl acrylate is 80.45% and it can polymerize in the presence of initiators.The glass transition temperature of the polymer of hydroabietyl acrylate is-28.92 ℃,which can be used as an internal plasticizer.


A helicoidal-ramp type drop shaft installed at high head drop connection manholes on sewage systems (below referred to as "DRS") is a high head drop work which efficiently absorbs energy to allow water to fall gently to the bottom. However, a variety of new problems have appeared as the depths and flow discharge have increased, methods causing water to flow into DRS diversified, and air entraining countermeasures have been taken. In this research, the direction of the inflow and air entraining countermeasure was examined and verified by hydraulic model testing. The top inflow part of a DRS is basically a cylindrical pipe connection, but another water tank connection method is coming into wider use. Concerning tank connection, current methods have problems which are backwater impacts on the upstream pipe, damaging facilities and producing vibration and noise. As an inflow shape to replace this approach, a training wall connection method was examined. Air-entraining according to water from a high-head manhole can cause problems such as a decrease in the pipe's functioning, gush of the sewage or damage of the manhole. The testing verified an air exhaust system's functions and obtained new knowledge concerning the required length of the air intake pipes according to the dissolved air flotation distance, and the effectiveness of drainage pipes installed at bends in the air intake pipes.


Everyone agrees there is an information explosion in the Medical Sciences and that educators must constantly reassess their aims and course content as well as teaching methods. Not too many generations ago medical students laboured over pharmaceutical botany and such anatomical minutae as the differences between the metatarsals, but as more worthwhile material was discovered, so therefore, energy was rechannelled to the study of newer fields like radiology and immunology. Advances are such that medical education cannot stop at graduation but must continue throughout the doctor's career; nevertheless, there are some facts that every student and graduate alike should know thoroughly. W. C. Sellar and R. J. Yeatman realized this with respect to the study of history and expressed their views in their well known book, 1066 and All That. Here the didactic approach was to stress the essentials and bedamned-the-rest.


Conventional breeding is vital in improving yield-related traits and developing high-yielding cultivars. In the presented study, an evaluation of 15 F1 hybrids compared them to their six parental genotypes for genetic variation of various traits. The results showed that the analysis of variance revealed significant (P ≤ 0.01) differences among the cross combinations and parental cultivars and among the parents and crosses. The mean sum of squares of parents vs. crosses also indicated substantial (P ≤ 0.01) for all the characteristics. The general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) variances were significant (P ≤ 0.01) for all traits studied in the F1 generation. Three varieties, namely, Sakha108, Giza179, and Sakha109, were highly significantly positive for grain yield plant-1, which means these varieties can benefit as good combiners to transfer the said trait in the breeding program. In SCA, seven crosses were negative in plant height and a negative value was desirable to avoid lodging and suitable for mechanical harvesting; however, positive significant values are preferable in the rest of the traits. The results indicated that the best crosses for grain yield plant-1 and plant height were Sakha105 × Sakha102, Sakha105 × Sakha108, and Sakha108 × Sakha109. Conducting cluster analysis also exhibited the genotypes dividing into four groups. The first group included rice genotypes Sakha109 and Sakha108 alone. These cultivars, produced from a common parent Sakha101, could have genetic relations for three quantitative traits (flag leaf area, 1000-grain weight, and panicle weight). The second group, comprising Sakha 102 and Sakha 106, has a very similar genetic background because both cultivars share a common parent, Giza 177. In addition, these two rice cultivars had at par number of tillers plant-1, 1000-grain weight, and panicles plant-1. The third group included only Giza 179 belonging to Indica-Japonica varieties. A fourth group has Sakha 105 produced by different parents.


With the rapid development of face recognition, it has been widely applied to various fields and scenes. Due to the unstable light condition, rotation and occlusion, the stability of the recognition performance is still an issue. In this work, we study the VGG model and analyze features' distribution extracted with the VGG model. To achieving good performance, we suggest a t-distribution based VGG model to reduce the dimension of features and re-clustering them. Furthermore, by recording the path of dimension reduction in training phase, the computational complexity of the test phase is decreased. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on public available datasets. The experimental results demonstrate the significant improvement of the proposed approach on both the simplification of feature space and the efficiency of recognition, especially on limited data. Keywords-face recognition; t-distribution; convolutional network; re-clustering; dimensional reduction


The Upper Jurassic Malmian in the Southern Germany Molasse Basin developed in the last 15 years to an increasingly intensive used carbonate reservoir for producing geothermal energy. The over 20 geothermal wells (reaching depths of up to 5.000 m TVD) which were investigated by ERDWERK, provide a significant amount of information to optimize the future exploration strategies. (3D-) seismic data, drilling parameters, cuttings, geophysical logs as well as outcrop analogues studies allow for conclusions to be drawn concerning the lithofacies, diagenesis, carstification, geodynamic anomalies and strucural framework of the carbonate reservoir, which are the drivers for the inflow zones and so the overall productivity of the geothermal wells. The study presents results from the structural and facies analysis of the Malmian carbonate reservoir and exhibits the requirements for a decision-making workflow for an optimal exploration.


This manuscript presents some of the research works performed by a consortium of companies for the studies of the drop-impact reliability of electronic components. The extensive works covers test methodologies and failure model. Under the test methodologies, the board level high speed cyclic bend test and the component level ball impact shear test were correlated with the board level drop/shock test using 23 groups of diverse solder joints. Under the failure model, the stress-strain characteristics of 4 solder alloys were generated for the medium strain rate regime (up to 300 s-1); the S-N characteristics of 6 solder joints between the PCB fibre strains of 1x10-3 to 3x10-3 at bending frequency of 100 Hz were generated; the S-N characteristics of the solder joints as a function of bending frequency (from 30 Hz to 150 Hz) and test temperatures (-10degC and 25degC) were also investigated. The characteristics of crack propagation were correlated with the observed crack path in the solder joints. In addition, a robust solder joint design was proposed and validated.


The invention provides a leaf molded surface roughness detection device, which comprises a roughness meter, a height gauge, a reversing joint assembly, a first connecting piece and a second connecting piece. The first connecting piece is composed of a first connecting rod and a first connecting head. The second connecting piece is composed of a second connecting rod and a second connecting head. The reversing joint assembly is composed of a handle, a chuck, a double-connection screw rod and a guide sleeve. The guide sleeve is sleeved on the casing of the double-connection screw rod. The screw section of the double-connection screw rod passes through a second through hole in the lower portion of the chuck to be combined with a screw hole at the central portion of the handle. The first connecting head of the first connecting piece is detachably and fixedly connected with the roughness meter. The first connecting rod of the first connecting piece is in nested connection with a first clamping hole in the casing of the double-connection screw rod and a second clamping hole in the guide sleeve. The second connecting head of the second connecting piece is detachably and fixedly connected with a fixed frame arranged on the height gauge. The second connecting rod of the second connecting piece is in nested connection with a third clamping hole in the upper portion of the chuck.


This article reports the preparation of submicrometric magnetic particles which are promising parts for fabrication of three-dimensional magneto-photonic crystals. In our experiments SiO2 spheres with diameter of about 260 nm were coated with Fe3O4 fine particles from an aqueous solution at room temperature. It is found that spheres coated with Fe3O4 fine particles with a diameter of about 20 nm are synthesized when the ratio of Fe3+/Fe2+ is in the range 50%–100% and the pH value is in the range 8–10.


Purpose of the research: The purpose of this paper is to define pop-up stores. Design/Methodology: Adopting an exploratory research design, semi-structured interviews and field observations were undertaken with brand managers of different types of pop-up stores and at different industry levels in Lebanon. Results/findings: A pop-up store is guided by a clear strategy to meet specific objectives using available resources. Research findings highlight a clear distinction between pop-up stores developed by newly established brands and mature brands in terms of purpose and function. The two brand classes can each manifest in four types of pop-up stores: pop-up as a distribution channel, pop-up as a communications channel, pop-up as a distribution and communications channel and pop-up complementing a distribution channel. Practical implications and conclusions: This study qualitatively explores brand managers' understanding of pop-up stores, their perceptions and their uses in the Middle Eastern market; a market that hasn't yet been explored in academic research related to these types of stores. It presents, defines and contextualizes a pop-up store and anchors it among new types of retail formats.


Vertical circulation is a key factor in optimizing the design of any multi story building and the key to a successful functioning of the building design. For a multistory building, the placement of the stairs, escalators, and elevators frequently determines the floor design, further aiding in the building's optimization. The methodology for this research is the qualitative one using the observation and site survey of the selected buildings in the school. In order to accommodate the expanding student population and ensure that students with special needs may participate in the educational system, school designs must be developed from outward horizontal layouts to upward vertical structures. As a result, this study looked at the efficiency of vertical accessibility components in multi-story buildings at Caleb University, Imota Lagos, Nigeria in order to identify areas for improvement and contribute to ways of promoting social inclusion in educational settings. A digital camera and a study-developed observation guide were used. It is recommended that the management of Caleb University will respond positively by creating a more conducive vertical movements and ramps where necessary as pointed out by this research. Researchers, students, educators, policymakers, and building design professionals will find this study beneficial in resolving concerns related to universal design of the academic built environment, particularly in terms of ensuring adequate vertical movement elements in high-rise public buildings.


at the chief entrance, and gaily decorated. In spite of the rain a large company assembled to witness the ceremony, and the Mayor (Mr. Alderman T. Rea, J.P., C.O.), the Mayoress, Mr. and Mrs. Pallman, the Yicar {the Rev. L. H. Burrows), Miss Marshall, and Mr. W. H. Steggles received Lady Hilda Brodrick who was accompanied by Viscount Midleton, and the Hon. Arthur and Miss Muriel Brodrick. The new home has been built from the plans of Mr. S. Welman, of Godalming, at a cost of ?878.


Beginning with the caveat that none of these animals are known to exist, yes. If these creatures are real, they are subject to the same environmental pressures as any other animals, known or unknown. Beginning with the chupacabra, there are no official Fish and Wildlife data on "weird hairless animals," but I follow all that pretty closely, and from my research those sightings have indeed increased over the past decades. I explained why in my book Tracking the Chupacabra:


Customer churn prediction in Telecom industry is one of the most prominent research topics in recent years. It consists of detecting customers who are likely to cancel a subscription to a service. Recently, the mobile telecommunication market has changed from a rapidly growing market into a state of saturation and fierce competition. The focus of telecommunication companies has therefore shifted from building a large customer base into keeping customers in house. For that reason, it is valuable to know which customers are likely to switch to a competitor in the near future. The data extracted from telecom industry can help analyze the reasons of customer churn and use that information to retain the customers. We have proposed to build a model for churn prediction for telecommunication companies using data mining and machine learning techniques namely logistic regression and decision trees. A comparison is made based on efficiency of these algorithms on the available dataset.


Technologies for Improved Understanding and Management of Pain June 3, 2020 All-Virtual Meeting Hyochol Ahn, PhD Hyochol Ahn received his BE in electrical engineering from the University of Seoul, South Korea, and MS in electrical and computer engineering from the University of Florida (UF). Then, he received his BS in nursing, MS in adult and elderly nursing, and PhD in nursing. During his postgraduate training at the UF Clinical and Translational Science Institute, he also earned an MS in clinical and translational science.


Historians have recently witnessed the publication of a spate of books on slavery. These books have generally served to revise upward our estimate of the slave's condition in America without defending the "peculiar institution." Some of these works have been buttressed, at least in part, by oral history work done with former slaves by the Federal Writers' Project (FWP) in the 1930s. Interviews were conducted in seventeen states during the years 1936-1938 with approximately two thousand ex-slaves. Two-thirds of those interviewed were age fifteen or younger at emancipation; almost all of the remainder were in their late teens or twenties in 1865. Members of this group, therefore, were over eighty years of age when interviewed and more than seventy years removed from the events they were discussing. The ex-slaves were not randomly selected for interviewing; they were either volunteers or previously known to the interviewer. Therefore, the interviews cannot be used with statistical precision.' The interviewers were, for the most part, untrained, but they were given general instructions which included not influencing the viewpoint of the informant, withholding their own view of slavery, and recording all stories "as nearly word-for-word as is possible," but to avoid dialect spelling where it would confuse the reader. The interviews were recorded in the interviewer's handwriting, not via taperecorder, and later were typewritten. A number of questions were suggested that interviewers might ask: Where and when were you born? Describe your home and the "quarters." What work did you do? What did you eat and wear? What types of recreation were there? Did you receive education, religious training, medical care? How were runaways treated? What happened on the day news came that you were free? What did you do after the war? Most of the transcripts were edited by the


CARTRIDGE COVER REMOVABLE DISC HOLDER INFORMATION. CARTRIDGE DISC BY INVENTION IS INTENDED TO CONTAIN 16 DISC ON WHICH WERE RECORDED INFORMATION. IT INVOLVES A REMOVABLE COVER 20 IS AVAILABLE IN AN OPENING 14 CARTRIDGE. COVER HAS A PAIR OF MEANS OF ASSEMBLY 60A, 60B THAT ARE PART OF COVER SYNTHETIC RESIN. EACH OF THESE FACILITIES INCLUDE FINGER LOCK CURVE 22A, 22B WITH A SURFACE 23A, 23B If FOR BUILT IN RECESS 15A, 15B HOUSEHOLD IN THE BODY CARTRIDGE. MULTIPLE ELEMENTS OF ACTING FORM SPRING BLADE ELEMENT ELASTIC ZIGZAG interposed between ONE END OF THE BODY COVER AND FINGER LOCK, THE ARRANGEMENT IS AS THAT SUBMISSION Elastic RETAIN THEIR MEMORY Elastic VERY LONG TIME EVEN IF DEVELOPS AND EXTRACT ON SO REPEAT THE COVER OR WHETHER FINGER LOCK IS pUSHED OUTWARDS FOR A VERY LONG TIME TO TIME.


Production of lovastatin was carried out by Aspergillus fischeri NCIM-509 using agro-industrial residues like barley bran, wheat husk, rice bran and rice husk as solid substrates under solid state fermentation. Lovastatin is a potent hypercholesterolemic drug used for lowering blood cholesterol. In recent years, lovastatin has also been reported as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of various types of tumors and also play a tremendous role in the regulation of the inflammatory and immune response, coagulation process, bone marrow, neovascularization, vascular tone, and arterial pressure. Among all the substrates orange pulp had given maximum yield of lovastatin. Hence optimization of various parameters had been carried out usingorange pulp. Process parameters like Incubation time (5-days), Temperature (28oC), Moisture content (60%), Inoculum age (5 days), Inoculum volume (40% v/w),pH of the medium(6.0), carbon source (2.0% Lactose) and nitrogen source(2.0% Ammonium Sulphate) were optimized and an overall yield of 9.6 mg/gds of lovastatin was obtained on implementing all the optimized conditions.


Hydrogen peroxide is the main ingredient in bleaching products (BP), and based on the settings of the reaction, can produce (per-)hydroxyl anions, superoxide anions, and other radicals. The radical-related oxidative mechanism can trigger the breakage of molecular bonds in enameller and dentinal stains, while the exact process is not entirely grasped. Products as a consequence look less colorful. The amount of the active bleaching component, the likelihood of BP interaction with discolorations, and the contact duration all affect the effectiveness of the bleaching treatment. Effectiveness also depends on a number of variables, including the individual's age, the type of staining, and the number of bleaching treatments. A significant number of local adverse effects have been recorded with over-the-counter items due to poorly fitted tray, adjuvants such as binders, preservatives, and flavors as well as a low pH, coexisting gingivitis, abrasion, and erosion. In cases of the coupled utilization of tobacco and excessive alcohol intake because tobacco users demonstrate lower levels of hypersensitivity to the BP and may be heavily influenced by the positive cosmetic effects, they must particularly be counseled against getting bleaching done as the combination has been found to pose elevated oral carcinoma risk. Overall, current literature has found a positive relation between procedure efficacy and patient satisfaction.


sies in Israel and changing circumstances could lead to the demise of the covenantal project in that country as well. Such a bold and apparently completely incorrect prediction stems from overapplying the main, valid insight of the book, that ideas matter, and powerful ideas matter powerfully. But discovering the secret of a society's trajectory in one written code can obscure the intensity and range of disagreement within that society over which of several available codes to use. As the contrast between Israel under Shamir and Israel under Rabin shows, Israel is divided as well as guided by the ideas about itself that animate the minds of its inhabitants.


Antifungal agents from plant origin have therapeutic potential for treatment of disease resistant fungal strains. Dillenia indica Linn. is a medicinal plant with a valuable source of natural compounds and traditionally used in therapeutic aid for various ailments. The present study aimed to evaluate preliminary phytochemical screening and in vitro antifungal activity of Dillenia indica Linn. leaves extract against six dermatophytic fungal strains, and it was compared against commonly used antifungal agent's AmphotericinB antibiotics. Antifungal activity test was performed by using poison food technique on potato dextrose agar medium (PDA). Results of the present research work showed that antifungal activity of the different solvent plant extract is directly proportional to the increase in concentration (100μl, 250μl, 500μl and 1000μl). A consistent increased and better growth inhibition in chloroform in A. niger compared to antibiotics though statistically non-significant was examined. A significantly higher mean of GI % was reported for A. niger (85.77 ± 4.88) in chloroform extract at 1000μl concentration, which did not statistically significantly differ from GI % of AmphotericinB antibiotics (87.55 ± 1.77) for all six fungal strains. However, lowest growth inhibition % was observed for C. lunata in aqueous extracts. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloid, phenols, reducing sugar, saponin, terpenoids, flavonoids, fixed oils and fats and anthraquinone in different solvents. D. indica Linn. have great medicinal importance and as it contains a number of bioactive compounds like phenols, www.ijcrt.org © 2021 IJCRT | Volume 9, Issue 7 July 2021 | ISSN: 2320-2882 IJCRT2107086 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org a656 flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids which possess antifungal activity. It can be used as a source of new antifungal agent and as a source of new drug with no or less side effect, an ecofriendly mode of treatment.


Background Linkage to and retention in care for US persons living with HIV (PLWH) after release from jail usually declines. We know of no rigorously evaluated behavioral interventions that can improve this. We hypothesized that a strengths-based case management intervention that we developed for PLWH leaving jail would increase linkage/retention in care (indicated by receipt of laboratory draws) and a suppressed HIV viral load (VL) in the year following release. Methods and findings We conducted a quasi-experimental feasibility study of our intervention for PLWH jailed in Atlanta. We recruited 113 PLWH in jail starting in 2014. "SUCCESS" (Sustained, Unbroken Connection to Care, Entry Services, and Suppression) began in jail and continued post-release. Subjects who started the intervention but subsequently began long-term incarcerations were excluded from further analysis. Persons who were retained in the intervention group were compared to contemporaneously incarcerated PLWH who did not receive the intervention. Identities were submitted to an enhanced HIV/AIDS reporting system (eHARS) at the state health department to capture all laboratories drawn. Both community engagement and care upon jail return were assessed equally. For 44 intervention participants released to Atlanta, 50% of care occurred on subsequent jail stays, as documented with EventFlow software. Forty-five receiving usual services only were recruited for comparison. By examining records of jail reentries, half of participants and 60% of controls recidivated (range: 1–8 returns). All but 6 participants in the intervention and 9 subjects in the comparison arm had ≥1 laboratory recorded in eHARS post-release. Among the intervention group, 52% were retained in care (i.e., had two laboratory studies, > = 3 months apart), versus 40% among the comparison group (OR = 1.60, 95% CI (0.71, 3.81)). Both arms showed improved viral load suppression. Conclusions There was a trend towards increased retention for PLWH released from jail after SUCCESS, compared to usual services. Measuring linkage at all venues, including jail-based clinics, fully captured engagement for this frequently recidivating population. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02185742


This paper examines the impact of structural transformation on environmental pollution in selected Asian countries for the years 1990–2015. This transformation decomposes into technological progress, structural changes, demographic changes and trade openness. We analyse the extended stochastic impacts by employing the regression on population, affluence, and technology (STIRPAT) model. Findings suggest that the industrialization process will induce increased environmental pollution, while the teritarization process lowers environmental pollution. Further, the results support the existence of an inverted-U curve between affluence level and CO emissions and urbanization and CO emissions, implying that at a higher scale of the economy, environmental pollution decreases. Nevertheless, as the scale of the economy becomes large, environmental pollution cannot be counter balanced by the positive impact of tertiarization effect. In addition, we found an interesting result by accounting for a range of demographic dynamics; the results show that an increase in aging population contributes to carbon emission increment. This study not only sheds light on existing literature, but it also provides policy makers with insightful information on how to promote growth and sustainability development policies .


Abstract Compared to art 82(1) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which since 2018 grants data subjects a claim for damages resulting from the infringement of European data protection law, private enforcement of European competition law looks back on a much longer history. Thus, its concepts and learnings may serve as a model for data protection law. However, any potential transfer from one area to the other must be carefully weighed, as both the factual circumstances and the underlying regulatory framework differ. Against this background, this paper aims at identifying important similarities and differences between the private enforcement of European competition and data protection law. Amongst others, it reaches the conclusion that both fields of law – although for different reasons – share a comparably high level of Europeanisation and that the primary aims of private enforcement generally align. In addition, potential for spill-over effects from the area of competition to data protection law is identified, namely with regard to causation and the European concept of undertaking.


An unjointed mass of roller compacted concrete (RCC) can easily be proportioned and compacted so that it is essentially impermeable and 'watertight. ' Permeability tests of various field-placed RCC mixes verify this. Unfortunately, RCC is placed in layers, and seepage along the interface of each layer usually results. This potential seepage must be considered during design and be controlled by some method appropriate for structural stability, aesthetics, water loss concerns, and durability requirements. A variety of approaches can be taken toward dealing with this seepage. The most basic concept is to simply overbuild the dam so that it is stable under 100% uplift conditions. Another approach is to use a special bedding mix or joint preparation procedure between the layers.