A new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species, Diversispora valentina, is described and illustrated. In the field, this species is associated with marine dunes located along the Mediterranean coast in eastern Spain. Spores of D. valentina occurred in sporocarps, in clusters, and singly in the soil or inside the roots of Ammophila arenaria (Poaceae), Elymus farctus (Poaceae), Otanthus maritimus (Asteraceae), and Echinophora spinosa (Apiaceae) in the six locations studied. A single-species culture of D. valentina was obtained using Trifolium repens as a host plant. The small subunit internal transcribed spacer and large subunit (SSU-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-LSU) nrDNA sequences place the new species in the genus Diversispora and suggest that it differs from any previously described species. The novelty of this species is supported by morphological, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses.


In this paper, the author compares the novel Confessions of a Thug (1839), written by a colonial official named Philip Meadows Taylor, with Newgate novels in general and the novel Jack Sheppard  (1839) by William Harrison Ainsworth in particular. During the first half of the nineteenth century, two English colonial administrators named Philip Meadows Taylor and Colonel William Henry Sleeman published two works named Confessions of a Thug (1839) and Ramaseeana (1836). These two works popularised the notion that a religiously motivated murderous cult named 'thugs' operated on the roads of India, and they strangled and looted the unfortunate travelers. However, studies by Postcolonial scholars such as Kim A Wagner (2004), Aijaz Ahmed (1991), Maire Ni Fhlathuin (2001), and Amal Chatterjee (1998) questioned the veracity of the phenomenon of 'thuggee' and especially its supposed religious foundation. Ajay Dandekar (2014) notably considered thuggee and its religious associations to be a fictional creation of Sleeman and Taylor that led to the Inhuman Criminal Tribes Act of 1871. In this paper, the author analyzes the contradictions within the narrative of Confessions of a Thug and proves how the novel's similarity with Newgate novels effectively negates the colonial narrative that portrays criminality and lawlessness as something unique to Asian and African nations. This paper also clarifies that the different critical receptions of Confessions of a Thug and Jack Sheppard, despite similar themes, effectively illustrate the argument of Edward Said that no knowledge is non-political.


, whereas the enzyme from cultured cells contains instead a larger polypeptide of approximately 215 000 daltons (polypeptide-0). Furthermore, a mixing experiment demonstrates that embryo extracts contain an activity that degrades poly- peptide- to give rise to a polypeptide that migrates in a dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide slab-gel at the posi- tion of polypeptide-1. Recently a similar in vitro con- version of a 220 000 dalton polypeptide of yeast RNA polymerase B was reported [7] ; these findings and our results suggest that the different largest poly- peptides of RNA polymerase B subclasses are derived from a common precursor and are not the products of separate genes.


Abstract A skew generalized power series ring consists of all functions from a strictly ordered monoid S to a ring R whose support contains neither infinite descending chains nor infinite antichains, with pointwise addition, and with multiplication given by convolution twisted by an action ω of the monoid S on the ring R. Special cases of the skew generalized power series ring construction are skew polynomial rings, skew Laurent polynomial rings, skew power series rings, skew Laurent series rings, skew monoid rings, skew group rings, skew Mal'cev-Neumann series rings, the "untwisted" versions of all of these, and generalized power series rings. In this paper we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions on R, S, and ω such that the skew generalized power series ring is a 2-primal ring. In particular, it is proved that, under suitable conditions, is 2-primal if and only if for every minimal prime ideal of there exists a minimal prime ideal P of R such that P is completely prime and Examples to illustrate and delimit the theory are provided. Communicated by Jose Luis Gomez Pardo


In order to improve the energy efficiency of buildings, optimal control strategies, such as model predictive control (MPC), have proven to be potential techniques for intelligent operation of energy systems in buildings. However, in order to perform well, MPC needs an accurate controller model of the building to make correct predictions of the building thermal needs (feedforward) and the algorithm should ideally use measurement data to update the model to the actual state of the building (feedback). In this paper, a white-box approach is used to develop the controller model for an office building, leading to a model with more than 1000 states. As these states are not directly measurable, a state observer needs to be developed. In this paper, we compare three different state estimation techniques commonly applied to optimal control in buildings by applying them on a simulation model of the office building but fed with real measurement data. The considered observers are stationary Kalman Filter, time-varying Kalman Filter, and Moving Horizon Estimation. Summarizing the results, all estimators can achieve low output estimation error, but, in the case of the Kalman filters, the estimated state values are not physical. In the case of MHE, the model firstly had to be reduced to 200 states in order to evade the non-positive definite quadratic formulation present in the model and converge in tractable computation time.


The appearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains leading to drug resistance has caused new problems in TB treatment in various parts of the world and forces WHO to declare TB as a global emergency. With the increase of TB drug resistance, it is convinced that a more effective vaccine development will stop or decrease the epidemic of TB. Some M. tuberculosis antigens, one of which is MPT8, have been examined as TB vaccine candidate, using DNA recombinant technology. MPT83 antigen, which is very immunogenic in lipoprotein micro bacteria, is identified as surface cell interrelated to antigen with electron microscope and cytometry circulation. MPT83 can also stimulate humoural as well as T-cell immune response. Next, MPT83 is an M. tuberculosis surface antigen that can induct CD4 lymphocyte T in order to produce Interleukin-2 that has a central role in triggering immune against TB. Having TB resistance from BCG vaccine, MPT83 is considered TB vaccine candidate that can protect people against TB at adult age. The purpose of the research is to conduct amplification of MPT83 antigen cloning, and expression of its antigen on E coli bacteria. From the result of the research, it is expected that raw material to produce TB vaccine as well as a high-quality antigen can be obtained. The band of DNA in PCR product is 660 bp, while the one in pGEMT-Easy-MPT83 recombinant plasmid is 3678 bp. This is expressed in BL21 E coli strain and produces 44 kDa protein as well as GST-MPT83 fusion protein.


Abstract The article is predicated upon the allegation that there is a similarity between the scientific uncertainty linked to the hazard which human interventions pose to the natural environment and the hazard which the development of automated decision-making techniques poses to certain aspects of human lives in the digital environment. On the basis of this allegation, the analysis examines the similarities between the European environmental law, which is crucial for the natural environment, and the European data protection law, which is fundamental for the digital environment. As there are measures already adopted by the data protection law from the environmental law, such as impact assessments and the right to access information, the main hypothesis of this analysis is to consider whether there are further inspirations for the development of European data protection law which could be drawn from environmental law, regarding the scientific uncertainty which is common to these two areas of regulation. The article examines a legal measure, namely, the precautionary principle, as the conjectural response to the challenges linked to the development of the new technologies. The experiences collected in the area of environmental law concerning the precautionary principle are analysed as a source of lessons to be learned concerning the regulatory measures adopted in order to deal with scientific uncertainty, not only in the natural environment, but also in the digital one.


Dendritic cells (DCs) play a vital role in initiating robust immunity against pathogens as well as maintaining immunological tolerance to self antigens. However, the intracellular signaling networks that program DCs to become tolerogenic remain unknown. We report here that the Wnt– β-catenin signaling in intestinal dendritic cells regulates the balance between inflammatory versus regulatory responses in the gut. β-catenin in intestinal dendritic cells was required for the expression of anti-inflammatory mediators such as retinoic acid–metabolizing enzymes, interleukin-10, and transforming growth factor–β, and the stimulation of regulatory T cell induction while suppressing inflammatory effector T cells. Furthermore, ablation of β-catenin expression in DCs enhanced inflammatory responses and disease in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, β-catenin signaling programs DCs to a tolerogenic state, limiting the inflammatory response. A central question in immunology is how the immune system launches robust immunity against invading pathogens maintaining tolerance to self antigens. This particular importance in the intestine because trillions of commensal microorganisms and antigens that confront the intestinal immune every day. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are specialized immune cells that play a vital role in stimulating immune responses (1, 2). Recent evidence suggests that DCs are also critical in suppressing immune responses, through the generation of T regulatory cells (Treg cells) (2, 3). DCs express several pathogen-recognition receptors (PRRs), which are capable of sensing highly conserved structural motifs in pathogens (4–6) and initiating downstream signaling cascades that are important for controlling the innate and adaptive immune responses (2, 7). Triggering PRRs on DCs can activate DCs and determine the types of cytokines they produce. Such cytokines regulate the differentiation fate of naïve CD4+ T *To whom correspondence should be addressed: firstname.lastname@example.com. Supporting Online Material www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/329/5993/849/DC1 Materials and Methods SOM Text Figs. S1 to S14 Table S1 References NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Science. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 August 03. Published in final edited form as: Science. 2010 August 13; 329(5993): 849–853. doi:10.1126/science.1188510. N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript cells into inflammatory cells [T helper 1 (TH1) or TH17] or Treg cells, regulating the balance between immunity and tolerance. In the intestine, emerging evidence indicates that DCs and macrophages play a pivotal role in mediating mucosal tolerance against commensals and dietary antigens while mounting inflammatory responses against harmful pathogens (8–12). The signaling pathways that program DCs into a tolerogenic or inflammatory state, however, are poorly understood. To address this, we analyzed gene expression profiles using microarray analysis of purified intestinal lamina propria DCs (LP-DCs) and compared it with those of splenic DCs (splDCs) from mice (13). Several Wnt-ligands were up-regulated in LP-DCs as compared with spl-DCs. Consistent with this, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that LP-DCs constitutively expressed several Wnt-ligands as compared with that of spl-DCs in the steady state (fig. S1). β-catenin, a central component in Wntsignaling, is widely expressed in hematopoietic stem cells, macrophages, DCs, and lymphocytes (14). Furthermore, the Wnt–β-catenin pathway has been implicated in the differentiation of DCs from hematopoietic stem cells (15, 16). Activation of Wnt-Frizzled (fzd) receptor signaling causes translocation of β-catenin from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, where it interacts with T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) family members and regulates transcription of several target genes (14, 17). Thus, we assessed whether the β-catenin pathway was active in LP-DCs using the TCF/ LEF–lacZ reporter mice (18). In contrast to spl-DCs, LP-DCs from TCF-reporter mice showed strong β-galactosidase expression, suggesting that β-catenin signaling pathway is constitutively active in intestinal DCs (fig. S2). Apart from Wnt signaling, disruption of homotypic E-cadherin interactions in DCs results in β-catenin activation and impairs their immune stimulatory capacity (19). Whether the constitutive β-catenin signaling in intestinal DCs programs them to induce tolerogenic responses, however, is unknown. To directly assess the role of β-catenin specifically in DC function, we crossed floxed βcatenin allele mice (β-catfl/fl) (20) with transgenic mice (CD11c-cre) expressing the cre enzyme under the control of the CD11c promoter (21). This specifically abrogated β-catenin expression in DCs (fig. S3A). Distinct subsets of intestinal DCs and macrophages can be distinguished by the expression patterns of CD11c and CD11b (CD11c+CD11b− and CD11c+CD11b+ DCs and CD11c− CD11b+ macrophages) (11). β-catenin was highly expressed and constitutively active in LP-DC subsets and LP-macrophages in the small and large intestine (Fig. 1A and fig. S3B). In β-catDC−/− mice, β-catenin expression was abrogated in the CD11c+CD11b− and CD11c+CD11b+ DCs but only partially abrogated in CD11c− CD11b+ macrophages (fig S3B). We next determined whether β-catenin signaling in DCs is critical for intestinal homeostasis. We compared the frequencies of Treg cells and TH17/TH1 cells in the intestine of β-catDC−/− and β-catfl/fl mice because intestinal DCs and macrophages play an important role in the induction of these subsets (10–12, 22). β-catDC−/− mice had lower frequencies of Treg cells in the small intestine (SI)–LP, the large intestine (LI)–LP, and caecum, but not the spleen, as compared with that of β-catfl/fl mice (Fig. 1B and fig S4A). To determine whether the reduced frequencies of Treg cells observed in the LP of β-catDC−/− mice was due to increased frequencies of effector CD4 cells, we examined the frequencies of TH1 and TH17 in the intestine and periphery. We observed higher frequencies of TH17 and TH1 cells in the SI-LP and LI-LP but not in the spleen of β-catDC−/− mice as compared with that of the βcatfl/fl mice (Fig. 1C and fig. S4, B and C). Consistent with this, CD4+ T cells isolated from SI-LP and LI-LP of β-catDC−/− mice showed elevated expression of the TH17 cell– associated mRNAs interleukin (IL)–17, IL-21, Rorγt, and the TH1 cell–associated mRNA interferon (IFN)–γ (23, 24) as compared with the CD4+ T cells isolated from β-catfl/fl mice Manicassamy et al. Page 2 Science. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 August 03. N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript (fig. S5). Thus, β-catenin signaling in intestinal DCs is critical in maintaining the balance between Treg cells and CD4+ T effector populations. Intestinal DCs and macrophages can convert naïve T cells into Treg cells that express the transcription factor Foxp3 and induce effector T cell differentiation (10–12, 22, 25). We thus assessed whether β-catenin signaling in LP-DCs and LP-macrophages is critical for inducing Treg, TH1, and TH17 differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells in vitro using intestinal APCs (CD11c+CD11b− and CD11c+CD11b+ DCs and CD11b+ macrophages) isolated from βcatfl/fl or β-catDC−/− mice. In the absence or presence of TGF-β, a cytokine important for both Treg and TH17 differentiation, LP-DC subsets from β-catDC−/− were less potent in inducing Treg differentiation as measured with FoxP3 expression, but enhanced TH17 and TH1 cell differentiation as compared with that of DCs from β-catfl/fl mice (Fig. 1, D and E, and figs. S6 and S7). The ability of LP-DCs to induce Treg cells is chiefly mediated by a specialized subset of CD103+ DCs (fig. S8 and S9). Similarly, LP-macrophages of βcatDC−/− mice were somewhat less potent in inducing Treg cells as compared with the βcatfl/fl LP-macrophages (Fig. 1D), which is consistent with the partial deletion of β-catenin in macrophages. The absence of β-catenin in DCs did not completely abrogate their ability to induce Treg cells, suggesting that additional pathways are involved in programming DCs to the tolerogenic state. Thus, β-catenin signaling in DCs is required to induce Treg cells and suppress TH1/TH17 responses. We next explored the molecular mechanisms by which β-catenin signaling in DCs promoted Treg differentiation and suppressed TH1/TH17 cell differentiation. Retinoic acid (RA, a vitamin A metabolite), IL-10, and TGF-β produced by the intestinal APCs and intestinal epithelial cells are critical for the induction of Treg cells (8, 10, 12, 26). Aldh1a1 and Aldh1a2 encode enzymes that catalyze the conversion of retinal to RA. Furthermore, Tolllike receptor (TLR)–mediated signaling in DCs up-regulates Raldh enzymes and promotes RA production (27). Thus, we assessed the expression levels of vitamin A–metabolizing genes by means of RT-PCR and flow cytometry in APC subsets purified from the LP of βcatfl/fl and β-catDC−/− mice. We observed that LP-DCs and LP-macrophages of β-catDC−/− mice expressed much lower amounts of Aldh1a1 and Aldh1a2 mRNA in the SI (Fig. 2A) and LI (fig S10A) as compared with those of β-catfl/fl LP-DCs and LP-macrophages. The relative expression of Raldh protein was similar to that observed with mRNA (Fig. 2B and fig S10B). Because β-catDC−/− LP-DCs had reduced levels of vitamin A–metabolizing enzymes, we assessed whether addition of exogenous RA can rescue their defect in Treg induction. Addition of exogenous RA to β-catDC−/− LP-DCs did indeed enhance their capacity to induce Treg cells as well as β-catfl/fl DCs (fig S11). Thus, β-catenin–mediated signaling promotes Treg induction through the expression of vitamin A–metabolizing enzymes in DCs. Cytokines such as IL-6 and TGF-β promote the differentiation of TH17 cells, whereas IL-23 is thought to


C hapter 4 proposed that personality and moral development proceeds from internal to external to synthetic narcissism. The internally narcissistic child is a seeker of gratification, and to the extent that others are differentiated from self, they are seen as instruments for the child's fulfillment. With external narcissism, ideal self-images, values, and conceptions of right and wrong are internalized from significant others and from the larger society. Conflicts between ego ideal set-goals and competing wishes lead to anxiety, shame, and guilt. Synthetically narcissistic processes rest upon greater differentiation of one's own ideals and values from those of the group or early introjects, and represent a synthesis of self and other in which neither is consistently used as a tool for the other. When placed back to back, the resemblance between this model and the model of the development of culture and morality is striking, and the reader is likely to think to himself, "Aha! This is one more 'individual writ large' theory of society." A political scientist with expertise in political and socioeconomic development read an early draft of these ideas several years ago and responded that the developmental models made a great deal of sense, but that they were too neat . I did not appreciate that comment until some time later, but when I began to shed my desire for metaphysical ordering principles by which to make sense of the world, I started to search for data that would throw the theory a bit off, so that the symmetry would not be so perfect.


The lack of water and intermittent power supplies are major issues in India's agricultural sector. This issue results in subpar irrigation systems, which causes the soil's moisture content to decrease. The land would thereafter be unsuitable for agricultural losses. A appropriate irrigation system must be created to help keep the soil moist in order to prevent this situation. As opposed to other alternative energy sources, solar-powered systems are recommended for usage in developing nations because of their extraordinary durability and potential for long-term economic benefits. For grid-isolated rural areas in developing nations with high levels of solar radiation, solar powered water pumping devices may be the best option.


1, 3-Dipolar cycloaddition of nitrite oxides to enamines formed from protected γ-amino- or γ-hydroxy-β-keto esters affords isoxazolecarboxylic esters that can be converted into 3-acyltetramic acids via dihydropyrroloisoxazol-4-ones, or into 3-acyltetronic acids.


[Aims] The aims were to develop economical, environmentally-friendly, fast and reliable determination method for penconazole residues in soil. [Methods] Column chromatography-ultra performance liquid chromatography(CC-UPLC) and cloud point extraction-ultra performance liquid chromatography(CPE-UPLC)methods were developed for the determination of penconazole residues in soil. [Results] The average recoveries of penconazole at the three spiked levels by using CC-UPLC ranged from 89.7 to 102.4%, with the relative standard deviations(RSD) of 1.7-6.1%,and the limit of detection was 2.0 滋g/kg. The average recoveries of penconazole detected by CPE-UPLC ranged from90.6 to 94.8%, with the relative standard deviations(RSD) of 1.7-3.0%, and the limit of detection was 0.8 滋g/L.[Conclusions] Both methods have proven to be efficient for pesticide residues detection. However, compared with CC-UPLC, CPE-UPLC should be more worthy of recommendation, in virtue of its environmental-friendly, time-saving,efficient, easy operating and inexpensive.


To investigate the impact of a 2.5‐year diabetes self‐management education and support intervention on healthcare use and to examine factors associated with patterns of healthcare use.


(i) To design a new, quick and efficient method of assessing specific cognitive aspects of trainee clinical communication skills, to be known as the Objective Structured Video Exam (OSVE) (Study 1); (ii) to prepare a scoring scheme for markers (Study 2); and (iii) to determine reliability and evidence for validity of the OSVE (Study 3).


Pregnancy toxemia (PT) is one of many metabolic disorders that affect pregnant small ruminants. Its etiology has its foundation in the abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates and fats, which occurs at the final stage of pregnancy (Edmondson et al 2012). More specifically, this disease is due to a lack of glucose as an energy source, either from poor nutrition, excessive demand from multiple fetuses, or a combination of the two. Recent evidence suggests that the glucose homoeostatic system of ewes bearing twins is significantly more susceptible to hypoglycemic stress than that of ewes bearing single lambs. These findings also show that the primary cause of hypoglycemia in late gestation twin-pregnant ewes is an increased susceptibility to a stress related reduction in glucose production rate rather than due to increased uptake by the fetus(es) (Schlumbohm and Harmeyer 2007). Any condition causing increased energy demand or decreased energy intake which results in a negative energy balance can be a cause. There are four categories of disease according to Edmondson et al (2012) 1) primary PT caused by inadequate nutrition (poor quality feed, period of fasting) 2) fat ewe/doe PT seen in overconditioned ewes/does in early gestation (suffer a nutritional decline in late gestation, possibly from smaller rumen capacity) 3) starvation PT seen in severely under-conditioned ewes/does (lack of feed after drought, heavy snow or flood) and 4) secondary PT due to concurrent disease such as parasites, poor dentition, or lameness. Animals carrying twins or triplets require 180% or 240% more energy, respectively, than those with a single fetus (Ermilio and Smith 2011) .


The invention discloses a method of quickly calibrating an oblique redundant strapdown inertial navigation system. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, describing a mounting misalignment angle of the oblique RSINS (Redundant Strapdown Inertial Navigation System), and giving a calibrating measurement equation; 2, designing a calibrating scheme of the oblique RSINS; and 3, constructing a calibrating simulation platform of the oblique RSINS, and verifying accuracy of the calibrating method by utilizing the simulation platform. The method, provided by the invention, is capable of quickly calibrating the oblique RSINS on the basis of a tri-axial position/speed turntable, calibrating parameters, such as zero offsets, scale factors and mounting misalignment angles of a redundant accelerometer and a gyro, are calibrated by utilizing a four-position method and a three-position rotating method, and accuracy of the calibrating method can be verified by utilizing the simulation platform. The method, provided by the invention, has the advantages of high calibration precision, simple operation, capability of meeting quick calibration requirements of the oblique RSINS at low and middle precisions, and better engineering application value.


Article represents the original analysis of social and psychological and communicative aspects of fundamentalist attitude through a prism of classical psychoanalytic approach. The thesis that it a psychological basis of fundamentalist attitude is the deep imaginations of purity and unity forming communication space with other members of community is proved. Personal growth of the fundamentalist is slowed down by return to infantile feeling of a unification of the child with mother, and the autonomous thinking and self-perception based on a reflection and criticism, first of all self-criticism is braked by infantile consciousness. The fundamentalist attitude, thus, is related a classical psychoanalytic infantile reduction.


The chest X-ray (Figure 1) shows radio-opaquematerial in the lower zone of the lungs and in the right atrium and right ventricle. Computed tomography of the chest without contrast (Figures 2 and 3) show thismaterial in the pulmonary arterial vascular bed and amassive accumulation in the right ventricle. Two-dimensional echo of the heart showed echodense sessile amorphous material in the right atrium close to the tricuspid valve, and in the right ventricle on the inferior aspect of the tricuspid valve. The patient reported a history of exposure to metallic mercury during his job in recycling thermometers for almost a year. Despite his denial of mercury injection, we think that intravenous injection of metallic mercury is the only possible way of mercury to accumulate in his right atrium and ventricle (1). The diagnosis was confirmed with a high level of mercury in blood and urine (2). Self injections of metallic mercury have been reportedmostly in relation to suicide attempts, but have also been reported for other reasons, such as improving sexual or athletic performance, and penile augmentation (3).


Two children were killed and another two were seriously wounded when they
were playing with a landmine in Uige Province in northern Angola, Radio
Ecclesia announced today.


This study examines the effect of the application of the method to focus Andragogy the level of education, active labor and the harvest on Integrated Pest Management Field School (FFS) in District Aimas Sorong Regency. Implementation of this research was conducted in three groups of farmers in the district forward Aimas ie farmer groups of 25 people, farmer groups and the border of the farmer 25 farmer groups Rukun Wargi 25 people that totaled 75 people. This research is experimental real. For the regression test results of this study indicate that there is a significant contribution between andragogy methods the education level of 0.4%, a simple regression test results showed that, Andragogy method to work activeness of 1.2%, while for methods of andragogy against varabel harvest rice result of 45.7%. Based on the results of this study concluded that there is the influence of the simultaneous application of the method Andragogy the level of education, active labor and the harvest on Integrated Pest Management Field School (FFS) in District Aimas Sorong Regency.


Abstract Management of the patient with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is based on the size of the aneurysm and the presence of a coexisting medical disease. Anesthesia for AAA repair requires an understanding of the major physiological changes occurring during aortic cross-clamping and unclamping so that fluid and vasodilator/vasopressor requirements can be anticipated, especially with supraceliac clamping. The goals are to provide hemodynamic stability and to preserve end-organ function—notably cardiac, renal, and spinal cord function. A combination of general and thoracic epidural anesthesia is commonly used for AAA surgery. The advantages of intraoperative use of epidural local anesthetics are (1) a reduced need for intraoperative inhalational and intravenous (opioid) anesthetics, which allows for early extubation of the trachea; (2) reduced requirements for vasodilating agents before and during cross-clamping of the aorta; and (3) excellent postoperative analgesia, which allows for earlier recovery of pulmonary and gastrointestinal functions. Disadvantages include the close attention to intravascular volume status that is necessary during unclamping of the aorta. Although much literature has been published suggesting benefits of thoracic epidural anesthesia and analgesia on the cardiac, respiratory, and immune systems as well as on the surgical stress response, most currently published studies lack the power to provide definitive answers to the question, "Does intraoperative use of epidural local anesthetics improve outcome?" Copyright © 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company


PurposeThis study aims to empirically investigate how difference in social trust explains the heterogeneity of intellectual property right (IPR) protection (proxied by software piracy rate) across countries. Specifically, the authors also examine whether this effect is complementary or substitute to legal and economic factors.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use both ordinary least square and two-stage least square regressions to investigate this effect.FindingsThe authors find that there is also a complementary effect between trust and rule of law in reducing the violation of IPRs.Originality/valueAlthough the literature by now has documented the solid relationship between trust and the quality of formal institutions, only few studies have explored more specific measures of institutional consequences. Thus, this study is the first study investigating the role of trust, a valuable social capital dimension, on IPR protection.


Shallow estuarine waters that serve as nurseries for fishes along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the USA can undergo wide diel dissolved oxygen (DO) fluctuations ( 2.0 mg O2 l -1 , weakfish were more abundant at the upper site than at the middle and lower sites, which also experienced severe hypoxia but at much lower frequency. However, under all environmental conditions they were absent from the upper site whenever bottom DO was <2 mg O2 l -1 , and returned within 2 h of DO exceeding 2 mg O2 l -1 . Daily up- and down-creek movement occurred over a distance of ~1 km. These findings indicate an avoidance threshold of ~2.0 mg O2 l -1 for juvenile weakfish and demonstrate very tempo- rally dynamic DO-related movement. Their rapid return to these areas as DO conditions improve, and relatively high density in tidal tributary headwaters, suggests that these relatively small areas provide important habitat for fishes.


Offering extremely high energy-efficiency, the adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron (AQFP) logic family is considered a promising candidate as a future low-power technology for building high-performance computing systems. In this paper, we provide the design of M-word × N-bit dual-port register files as an essential component of an AQFP microprocessor. This design consists of one decoder for data writing, two multiplexers for read out, and an array of registers as storage elements. In order to reduce the design difficulties and improve the design robustness, we employed a top-down AQFP very-large-scale integration (VLSI) design flow to implement this register file. The proposed design flow is composed of high-level synthesis, a specialized AQFP interpreter, a genetic-algorithm-based routing approach, and hardware-description-language-based back-end verification. As a case study, we designed and fabricated an 8-to-1 4-bit multiplexer used as the component circuit of the designed register file. In low-speed test, we confirmed the correct operations across all channels of the multiplexer.


We study the semi-supervised learning problem, using a few labeled data and a large amount of unlabeled data to train the network, by developing a cross-patch dense contrastive learning framework, to segment cellular nuclei in histopathologic images. This task is motivated by the expensive burden on collecting labeled data for histopathologic image segmentation tasks. The key idea of our method is to align features of teacher and student networks, sampled from cross-image in both patch- and pixel-levels, for enforcing the intra-class compactness and inter-class separability of features that as we shown is helpful for extracting valuable knowledge from unlabeled data. We also design a novel optimization framework that combines consistency regularization and entropy minimization techniques, showing good property in eviction of gradient vanishing. We assess the proposed method on two publicly available datasets, and obtain positive results on extensive experiments, outperforming the state-of-the-art methods. Codes are available at https://github.com/zzw-szu/CDCL.


With the advance of technology, aluminum alloy has been widely used in industry. In this study, the formability and spring back phenomena of thick aluminum alloy sheet metal were investigated. Deform-3D and Simufact.forming software were used to simulate the sheet-bulk forming. To find the optimal element size, the convergence analysis method for mesh of simulation process was utilized. In addition, thickness distribution and spring back phenomena of the rectangular blank with round feature of corners were also evaluated. Simulation results were compared to scanning file that obtained via ATOS based on spring back phenomena from experiments. Study results show that the optimal element size is 2 mm. The cross section that is near binder area in x-direction and near quarter area of laptop keyboard in y-direction has minimum spring back. Solid-shell element is better than tetrahedral element for analyzing sheet bulk metal forming process.


It has long been accustomed to indiscriminating in using justice and social justice,which undoubtedly affected the in-depth understanding of justice.This paper attempts to provide a unique theoretical perspective for in-depth discussion on justice,based on clarifying the differences between justice and social justice.


Our experiences and research in the field have shown, that students working collaboratively are more successful than students working alone. Therefore, it should be a logical consequence to install collaboration as key factor in a distance study environment. That is not as easy as spoken, because the classical distance study institutions struggle with a bundle of different problems. e.g. in Germany no study fees are allowed so how shoulde highly interactive, small classes be financed? Another problem is the professional restrictions of distance students, their time budget is limited. The consequence is, that normally students have nearly no contact with their peers and their tutors until the final examinations. The drop-out rates are extremely high (more than 90%) and a lot of students study more than six years to reach a degree. The deployment of virtual teaching improved the situation substantially, but not enough. The paper tries to show a solution for the mentioned problems.


For The literary form of Lao zi,there are "prose","poetry"and "Fu" three views in academia.Laozi is "prose" just a product under the influence of Western thought,And not very conform the cultural background of Lao zi's literary form evolution.Lao zi's poetic color is extremely strong.Some Chapters of Lao zi just like "Fu".The relationship between Laozi and poetry and Fu before Qin worth further exploration.


In this paper a temperature detection module,with the AT89C5 microcomputer of ATMEL and DS18B20 of DALLAS company as the core components was designed. An associate communication interface was also designed which makes it more convenient to access to remote PC terminals.The VC++6.0 program on PC will finish the display of data transmitted by MCU and the drawing of desired curve.


End-to-end text-to-speech (TTS) systems has proved its great success in the presence of a large amount of high-quality training data recorded in an anechoic room with high-quality microphones. Another approach is to use available source of found data like radio broadcast news. We aim to optimize the naturalness of TTS system on the found data using a novel data processing method. The data processing method includes 1) utterance selection and 2) prosodic punctuation insertion to prepare training data which can optimize the naturalness of TTS systems. We showed that using the processing data method, an end-to-end TTS achieved a mean opinion score (MOS) of 4.1 compared to 4.3 of natural speech. We showed that the punctuation insertion contributed the most to the result. To facilitate the research and development of TTS systems, we distributed the processed data, which is known as Zalo-TTS database at https://forms.gle/6Hk5YkqgDxAaC2BU6; It consists of 18-hours of speech at a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz of one speaker with Hanoi dialect.


The photovoltaic performance of the polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells based on the low-band-gap D–A copolymer P as donor and modified fullerene (modi-PC60BM) as acceptor was in. We have achieved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ∼2.35% for a polymer solar cell with modi-PC60BM as an electron acceptor in bulk heterojunction active layer, which is higher than that for PC60BM counterpart (1.50%). The increase in the PCE has been attributed to the increase in absorption in visible and higher LUMO level of modi-PC60BM, resulting in enhancement in Jsc and Voc, respectively. In the device fabrications, we studied the effect of the solvent additive and modified PEDOT:PSS as a hole transport layer. The PCE of the polymer solar cell was improved up to 3.63% when the P:modi-PC60BM active layer was processed with the addition of CN as an additive in the THF solution (CN/THF), which is mainly attributed to more balanced charge transport due to the increased crystallinity of P in the blend. The PCE of polymer ...


Freedom from global anomalies in the presence of a local ${\mathrm{SU}(2)}_{H}$ horizontal symmetry under which right-handed charged leptons transform nontrivially requires that there be at least two right-handed neutrinos with masses of order of the horizontal symmetry breaking scale. If a third right-handed neutrino is introduced to satisfy quark lepton symmetry, it is unprotected by the horizontal symmetry, becomes superheavy with a Planck scale mass, and decouples from lower-energy physics. The resulting seesaw mechanism with two right-handed neutrinos in combination with the horizontal symmetry leads naturally to a near bimaximal pattern for the neutrino mixing with an inverted mass hierarchy and is compatible with all data. It predicts a correlation between the solar mixing angle and ${U}_{e3}$ that is testable in the proposed long baseline experiments.


By reason that the typical wien′s bridge is need for tow-gane capacitors or two-gane resistors tune-up of the frequency, Dedicated a converted circuit, It only use one general variable resistor for adjust the frequency, It′s preponderance is use for automatic frequency tracking voltage control oscillation, Analyzes and simulate the circuit can help of it′s apply.


An ultralow voltage p-channel Schottky barrier nanowire SONOS memory is reported experimentally with excellent reliability. By applying pure metallic Schottky barrier S/D, the nanowire SONOS memory can operate at a gate voltage of -7V to -11V for hole programming, and 5V to 7V for electron erasing. This Schottky barrier cell exhibits superior 10K cycling and 125°C retention for practical applications.


This concluding chapter explores why Native and black revolutionaries lost the fight against hunger. Indians and formerly enslaved people lost the fight against hunger not because they became bad at stopping it but because imperial officials gathered enough information to circumscribe Native Americans' and black colonists' abilities to prevent hunger themselves. Knowledge acquisition gave these white officials a specific kind of power over Native and black revolutionaries: the power to reinterpret histories of hunger. They had received education about Native appetites and how to satisfy and then manipulate those appetites as they implemented a policy of victual imperialism. Government officials who delegitimized Native and black hunger-prevention efforts interfered with other people's food sovereignty. They decided that Indians and formerly enslaved people were unqualified to decide what to grow, sell, cook, and eat, and they made it harder for those communities to feed themselves. Ultimately, their actions ignored centuries of Native hunger prevention and erased a short decade of free black colonists' efforts to act similarly.


The invention relates to a grate bar (4) and grate (3) for a Schubrostfeuerung, said grate bar comprising a U-shaped profile with a back (1) and side surfaces (2) and is air-cooled, characterized in that in the front area of the grate bar (4) at least one closed channel (6) extends for the primary air (7) substantially parallel to the end face (8) (a lower opening (10) for the entry of primary air (7) and an upper opening 11) (for the outlet of primary air 7), wherein the upper opening (11) in a transverse (to the longitudinal axis of the grate bar 4) extending collecting channel (12) opens and (through this (through an opening in the side face 2) of the grate bar 4) emerges. The inventive solution has the advantage that the nondirectional coming from the hopper primary air flow is led as a directed flow in the sense of an optimal cooling of the grate bottom in the most highly stressed region of the grate bar and the grate and then following derivation of the heated primary air in the combustion bed the advantage is such that adverse effects are avoided firing at the grate bar top.


Introduction: The high number of extrasolar planets found in recent years has not only challenged our knowledge of solar system sciences, but also our fundamental understanding of some of the processes that operate on Earth. These recently discovered planets show a large diversity in their masses, temperatures, orbital periods, and other properties. With such a diverse mix of planetary parameters, it is safe to assume that the atmospheric properties are just as varied. evidence suggests the presence of silicate and metal condensates in their atmospheres. This has led to new insights into the physics of cloud formation, and new observational data will help test and validate theoretical models. However, these models are fundamentally limited by the insufficiencies of laboratory data on the properties of atmospheric constituents; new laboratory data is desperately needed to advance state-of-the-art of exoplanet atmospheric models [1]. A laboratory verification of the condensation and vaporization predictions of refractory materials is critically needed in order to inform and improve atmospheric and spectral models. Methods: The stability of forsterite (Mg2SiO4), identified in the literature as a potential cloud candidate [2], was tested in a thermogravimetric balance at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The sample was pumped under vacuum (down to 10 torr) for twentyfour hours at room temperature and then heated to 1973K. Once mass loss is detected and stabilized, the temperature is lowered by 25 degrees at predetermined durations and mass measurements are taken in similar measured increments. The data is processed by a computer program in order to calculate the mass loss as a function of temperature resulting in the measured evaporation rate of forsterite. Results: Several experiments on forsterite were completed and all were plotted to compare to previous studies. The evaporation rate was found to be similar to the comparison studies, but the mass loss was greater (Figure 1). Discussion: The direct output of these experiments is the actual measured vapor pressures of minerals at high temperatures which are used to predict the temperature regimes for stable cloud formation. These temperature regimes are then used as inputs to atmospheric models that predict cloud condensates. Presently, inputs for models of exoplanet atmospheres depend heavily upon extrapolations from terrestrial pressures and atmospheres.


Nutrition means how the food substances interact with each to maintain, health, disease and growth of an organism. Nutrition starts from food intake and involves absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism, till excretion1. The human diet is largely dependent on its availability and whether it is palatable or not. A healthy diet depends on hygienic preparation of food and safe storage to reduce the risk of food borne dieases1.Good and proper nutrition plays an important role for providing a healthy diet. Both physical activity and diet can help you to live a healthy life and reduce the risk of heart disease and cancer and promote an overall good health2. Food choices every day can affect your health,the epidemic of obesity in the United States is the result of unhealthy eating habits. Almost one-third of U.S adults (33.8%) are obese and about 12.5 million (17%) of children and adolescents aged 2-19 years are obese2.Association between good nutrition and health is too important and cannot be ignored. If you take healthy food, you can maintain your heath. By increasing your exercise and by making minute changes in your diet you can live a long healthy life2.Unhealthy diet and weight gain are major risk factors for diabetes and hypertension in young age. Dietary habits developed during childhood continue in adulthood, so children should be taught to take a healthy diet at young age to live a healthy life2.Food is a gift from Allah Almighty. Many types of food are available in solid and liquid form. Many types are taken in raw form like vegetables and fruits.When cooking food, heat can be transferred by conduction, or convection, radiation (microwave cooking). During conduction heat flows to the food stuff. For better and equal conduction bottom of the pan should be flat and thick as for example in steaming and poaching. Baking takes place by convection. In radiation heat only reaches the surface of food and the rest of the food is cooked by conduction and convection as for example in boiling or toasting3.Cooking can be carried out in various medias as air, water, steam and fat or combination of these medias may be used. Grilling, roasting and baking take place in air. Boiling, simmering or stirring involves cooking in water. Steam is another medium for cooking. It is of three types. In steaming food is cooked by steam formation by added water. Whereas in waterless cooking steam originates from food itself. In pressure cooking time is reduced by increasing the pressure so that boiling point is quickly reached and food is cooked by condensation of steam over the food. Fats can be used as a medium for instant cooking. Shallow and deep frying can be used to cook food by this method3.The methods of cooking include boiling, grilling, frying baking, deep frying, pressure cooking and cooking on charcoal. Majority of the methods used destroy proteins and vitamins at high temperatures.Frying has little effect on the protein and mineral content of fried food. The increased temperature and less cooking time of the frying process cause least damage to heat labile vitamins than other types of cooking. The nutritional value of the frying material should also be considered. Some fat is added to the food when fried which increases its energy and makes the food more palatable. Frying adds taste to the food and benefits of healthy oils can be utilized which are used for frying4.It has been reported that microwave cooking results in higher losses of moisture from food but overall effects of microwave on protein, lipid and minerals is minimal5. Less cooking time and decreased exposure to heat can preserve the nutrients of food when cooked in microwave6. Grilling and boiling increase the flavour but also decrease B vitamins but grilling increases carcinogenic substances7. Boiling, simmering and poaching are all methods of water-based cooking. They only differ by water temperature to which the food is exposed:Poaching: Less than 180°F/82°C.Simmering: 185-200°F/85-93°C.Boiling: 212°F/100°C.Vegetables are an important source of vitamin C, but most of it is wasted when cooked in water. Maximum conservation of vitamin C is by microwaving8Roasting or baking mostly effect B vitamins. Sautéing and stir-frying increase the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and some of the plant compounds, but most of the vitamin C is wasted in vegetables9.Steaming is one of the best cooking methods to preserve nutrients and water-soluble vitamins10.It is also important to understand that when food is subjected to heat certain destructive changes in proteins and carbohydrates are beneficial. For example, due to effect of heat on proteins deamination takes place which helps in destruction of microorganisms. In addition, cooking deactivatescertain enzymes and toxic substances in food that may have serious effects on health. Carbohydrates when cooked in water make the starch molecules in it to swell and break and increase the digestibility of carbohydrates3.It's important to choose proper methods of cooking to get maximum nutritional value of meal. However, there is no perfect cooking method. Generally, less cooking time at a low temperature with minimum water will produce good results. The nutrients in your food should not be wasted.Adequate and proper nutrition is important for a healthy life. Awareness is needed to educate parents, teachers so that they can communicate to the students and children about healthy food. Many of the educated people are unaware of the nutritional deficiencies especially calcium and vitamin D. They live for taste alone, health through education is needed.It is important to promote an awareness about the nutritional value of foods and their importance for maintaining body growth, reproduction, health, and disease prevention in humans. Proper nutrition is important for normal cardiovascular function, muscle strength, respiratory ventilation, protection of infection, wound healing, and psychological wellbeing11.The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that almost 60% of all deaths, and 43% of global burden of disease are caused by nutritional diseases and by 2020, the burden of nutrition-related diseases is expected to increase to 73% of all deaths and 60% of the global burden of disease12.WHO reports that the factors that lead to unhealthy eating habits among individuals include lack of knowledge about nutrition and dangers to health, and getting wrong information about health and nutrition matters3. when foods are not consumed in quantities required for individual's body need, it compels towards taking junk food so malnutrition or over-nutrition may result. Thus taking in consideration the roles played by nutrients in promoting health and optimal functioning in humans counselling and education about diet and nutrition is required to be on priority by all relevant professionals, including nutritional counsellors, home economists and dieticians10.


Elderly patients have a high incidence of co-existing medical disorders, especially cardiovascular disease, and postoperative death. Effective pre-operative assessment and treatment of comorbidities may improve postoperative outcomes [1, 2]. We investigated pre-operative assessment, identification and subsequent referral of elderly patients at high operative risk.


Summary form only given. Explosively driven shock tubes are used to study shock induced gas conductivity in explosive magnetic flux compression generators (FCGs). The shock tubes use 50 grams of composition C-4 explosive to propel aluminum flyer plates towards dense stainless steel plugs to simulate gas compression as the armature approaches the stator in an FCG. The 2.5 cm ID acrylic shock tubes are designed using the Gurney method to drive the flyer plates at velocities similar to FCG armatures (3-4 km/s). Experiments have been performed with argon, helium, synthetic air, and sulfur hexafluoride. Current and voltage measurements have been used to determine plasma bulk resistance as a function of time. Minimum resistances of 2.7 Ohms in argon and 6.5 Ohms in SF/sub 6/ were measured. These measurements were used to calculate minimum plasma resistivities of 0.031 Ohm/spl middot/cm for argon and 0.073 Ohm/spl middot/cm for SF/sub 6/. Calculations are based on experimental geometry and the assumption of a finite plasma disk between current and voltage probes.


In this paper,we conducted a high-speed monohull USV to optimize the performance of integrated design and analysis.First we established the high-speed monohull USV synthesis optimization model.Second,based on genetic algorithm we developed a high-speed monohull USV integrated synthesis optimization computer program.Finally,we discussed the optimization of stable algebra,analysis of the overall objective function changes with the speed and displacement curves of the different weights assigned to the total value of the objective function.By a large number of calculations that the program is stable and reliable,the program provides a reference platform for the preliminary design of the high-speed monohull USV.


An important issue in second language (L2) acquisition is understanding the best conditions for the development of particular L2 forms. Additionally, it is important to know whether the benefits of certain conditions vary among learners based on individual differences. A large body of research has examined the benefits of learning under explicit or implicit conditions, and different meta-analyses of this research suggest that although implicit conditions lead to development, explicit conditions generally lead to more development (Goo, Granena, Yimaz & Novella, 2015; Norris & Ortega, 2000; Spada & Tomita, 2010). However, methodological limitations in the body of empirical research have not yet been fully addressed (Doughty, 2003; Sanz & Morgan-Short, 2005). In addition, there has been a call for investigations into the interaction between training conditions and individual differences (DeKeyser, 2012; Sanz, 2005), as well as more research with complex L2 forms (Housen & Simoens, 2016). The current study addresses these issues by extending Fernández (2008) who found benefits for the provision of grammatical information in a processing instruction (explicit) condition as compared to a structured input (implicit) condition for L2 development of the Spanish subjunctive (a complex form). However, it was beyond the purposes of that study to examine performance on posttests or to examine individual differences. Below we provide a brief review of the literature in order to motivate our study that examines the effects of explicit and implicit conditions on the development of a complex L2 form and how development may vary based on individual differences in working memory.


Vertebrates, especially mammals, have long been used as research models in the study of human diseases. During this research we have demonstrated the usefulness of a relatively new animal model, the zebrafish, in understanding human disease formation, progression and even treatment. We first analysed the impact that exposure to constant chronic hypoxia has in the zebrafish heart, both at the morphological and genetic levels. On chapters three and four we demonstrated the worth of the zebrafish larvae in understanding metastasis formation and progression. Whereas in chapter three we focused on the use of the zebrafish as a model to rapidly test the metastatic behaviour of human pancreatic cancer cell lines and primary human tumours; on chapter four we researched the role of retinoic acid receptor antagonist, and mir10-a, as a potential new anti-cancer therapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.


Approximately
eight
hours
away
 from
 the
bright
 lights
of
 India's
 financial
and
 film
capital,
Bombay,
is
a
small
non‐descript
town
called
Malegaon.
The
town
is
 populated
mainly
by
migrant
Muslim
laborers
from
North
India,
who
work
in
the
 power
 loom
sector.
Malegaon
became
 infamous
 in
2006
after
a
series
of
bomb
 blasts.
serious
communal
riots
broke
out
after
the
demolition
of
the
Babri
Masjid.
 The
 town
has
however
been
 in
 the
news
 in
recent
 times
 for
something
else.
 It
 has
emerged
as
the
center
of
a
parallel
film
industry,
which
churns
out
remakes
 of
Bollywood
hits,
 contexualising
 them
 to
 address
 local
 issues
 and
 to
 cater
 to
 local
tastes.
Thus,
one
of
the
biggest
blockbusters
of
India,
Sholay
(Flames
of
the
 Sun,
 1975)
 is
 remade
 as
 Malegaon
 ki
 Sholay,
 and
 Oscar
 nominated
 Lagaan
 (Taxes)
 is
remade
as
Malegaon
ki
Lagaan,
and
 instead
of
opposition
 to
colonial
 taxes,
 the
 film
addresses
problems
of
civic
amenities.
All
 the
actors
 in
 the
 film
 have
become
stars
within
the
local
community,
and
one
of
the
reasons
cited
for
 the
popularity
of
these
remakes
is
the
fact
that
the
local
people
get
to
see
people
 they
recognize
on
the
big
screen.


The present work, has as problematic to know which is the suitable plan for the export of concentrated Ecuadorian passion fruit, in the market of China, and that at the same time also contributes in the productive development of the farmers of the parish The Union -Esmeraldas, through the design of an Export Plan will be the production and subsequent sale of passion fruit concentrate in the Shanghai market; It was defined that the export is the output of products from the country of origin, depending on whether the product is negotiated in international markets, the design of the export plan was structured based on the processes to be carried out to make an export; The objective of this work is to design an export plan through the use of legal customs regulations and the analysis of supply and demand, to market and position Ecuadorian passion fruit concentrate in the market of China, allowing the productive development Of farmers in the La Union-Esmeraldas parish.

The scientific method was of great help for the application of instruments such as the survey that was prepared to 384 inhabitants of Shanghai in order to obtain the necessary data to interpret the demand of the product under study…..


Objective: Low socioeconomic status young people in low- and middle-income countries use tobacco at higher rates than their wealthier peers. School-based tobacco use prevention interventions that employ a life skills approach are effective at preventing tobacco use. In India, the Salaam Bombay Foundation (SBF) has implemented a multiyear, multicomponent life skills education programme in Mumbai schools to prevent tobacco use. A quantitative evaluation found that SBF programme exposure was associated with not only reduced tobacco use but also improved life skills, self-esteem and self-efficacy. To illuminate how programme exposure engendered these effects, we compared the experiences and perceptions of eighth and ninth grade students (ages 13–15) between SBF and non-SBF schools. Methods: We divided Mumbai into four quadrants or regions and randomly selected one SBF and non-SBF school from each quadrant; 10 participants were then randomly selected from one class per school. A total of eight group discussions (N = 80 participants) were conducted using mind-mapping with a focus on students' daily life, future aspirations and non-academic school programming. Researchers analysed the data thematically. Results: Despite similar home lives, SBF students were profoundly more optimistic about their future than non-SBF students. SBF students attributed this increased optimism and agency to opportunities to actively advocate against tobacco, formal recognition in a published newsletter, a sense of belonging to a 'Super Army' and supportive mentorship provided by their Super Army and peer leaders. The SBF programme created a safe space in which to build resilience. Conclusion: These findings can guide development of programmes for vulnerable populations with broader goals than tobacco prevention.


ELECTRIC pacemakers can cause inhibition and loss of pacing. 1 We report a case in which electrocautery induced a pacemaker in ventricle-paced, ventricle-sensed, inhibited, rate-respon-sive (VVIR) mode to pace at a programmed maximum rate of 130 pulses/min. inhibition or loss of pacing. Surgery was completed without complications. While in the postanesthetic recovery unit, electrocardiographic mon- itoring showed paced rhythm at 60 pulses/min throughout.


Is cognitive science relevant to metaphysics? The realist metaphysician aiming to describe the objective structure of reality itself may think that cognitive science is largely irrelevant. But Goldman argues that cognitive science is relevant, insofar as some arguments in metaphysics are premised on intuitions, and cognitive science is relevant to assessing both what people find intuitive, and whether a given intuition should be respected or debunked. This is persuasive. But Goldman's picture would benefit from two adjustments (or perhaps just elaborations). First, the relevance of cognitive science is not specific to metaphysics, but rather generic to any intellectual inquiry that invokes intuitions. Secondly—and more importantly—metaphysics itself plays a crucial role alongside cognitive science in assessing intuitions. For a crucial part of assessment is determining which intuitions should be respected and which debunked, and that involves determining whether the intuition is tracking reality. So rather than being situated as in danger of being debunked, metaphysics should be situated as a needed partner in the very project of debunking.


Objective To study the rural health service need of Fujian province in order to provide references for the medical and health system reform in Fujian province.MethodsData of the family health were obtained from The Fourth Health Services Survey of Fujian Province and the status quo of rural health service needs was analyzed.Results The two-week prevalence rate was 14.18%,58.30% of which were chronic non-communicable diseases.The NCD prevalence rate was 14.68%,the topfive being circulatory system diseases 31.24%,musculoskeletal system diseases 18.76%,digestive system diseases 14.59%,respiratory system diseases 9.53%,and genitor-urinary system diseases 5.76%.Two-week and NCD prevalence rate of 65-age group was the highest,and there was no difference between female and male.Conclusion There is great need for rural health service.Chronic non-communicable diseases are the most serious problems.It is urgent to focus on preventing common diseases and pay more attention to the elders and women.


Schedule risk is an important category of risk in complex system product development. This paper presents a framework that facilitates understanding schedule risk from a systems perspective. Research findings from literature and a Delphi-type survey of experienced product development managers and system engineers at a major aerospace company are synthesized into a framework characterizing sources of schedule uncertainty. The framework includes not only key uncertainty drivers but also the hypothesized or theorized relationships between them. Since risk is more than just uncertainty, consequences of schedule overruns and of schedule uncertainty itself are also discussed. This research contributes a more comprehensive, systems view to the studies of product development and risk management and to the practice of both in industry. The paper also examines potential paths for future research. © 1999, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Syst Eng 3: 129–142, 1999


On Sunday, PoliticusUSA writes that President Obama has been forced 'to waste precious time' calming nerves created by increasing media hysteria over the Ebola virus. They say that rather than talking about jobs, the economy, or other important issues, the Obama White House had to send public health officials to appear on the Sunday morning shows to allay people's fears about the risks posed by Ebola to the American people. They say that the public should be outraged by the media's campaign to 'terrify people over Ebola. Last week saw the announcement of an 'Ebola czar' by the White House in the form of Ron Klain. On Monday, the White House Dossier, writes that Klain is likely to be in line for a more senior position further down the line as a 'White House consigliere'.


The optimum cardiac surgical pain management has known to maintain hemodynamic stability and, reduces respiratory and cardiovascular complications. Postoperative parasternal intercostal block has shown to reduce postoperative analgesic consumption after cardiac surgery. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the effectiveness of the preoperative ultrasound guided parasternal block in reducing postoperative pain after cardiac surgery.


The invention relates to a preparation method of a surface-foaming super-hydrophobic surface. Preparation method comprises the following steps of 1, mixture preparation, 2, mixing, 3, tabletting, 4, film pressing, 5, stack-up film pressing, 6, interlayer peeling, and 7, measurement of contact angles and roll angles of a super-hydrophobic surface. The preparation method adopts a simple foaming process to realize preparation of linear low-density polyethylene, polypropylene and impact-resistant polystyrene super-hydrophobic films. The preparation method can be combined with a polymer rolling technology and is used for large-scale low-cost production of various polymer super-hydrophobic films.


Anthropology has long held a fascination for sex and the sexual body as deviance, eroticism, violence, sexual politics, ritualised sex and commercial transaction. Scholars have examined theories of sex and sexual desire in a wide variety of cultural contexts and in debates about the politics of sex. Public and private relations mediating the sex act and sexual activity render the politics of sex problematic. They raise questions concerning moral judgments about sexual relations in communities where sex, like politics and religion, is both important and 'a dirty business' (Sargisson 2000: 58). In these contexts, sex can also be a risky business, transforming permissible boundaries and restructuring bodily engagements. The public and private spaces of sexual encounter are fluid like the porosity of bodily substances: blood, sweat, saliva and semen seep into and between boundaries of the social fabric. Thus, the politics of sexual transgression are volatile with the power to reconfigure perceptions of bodily communication, sense, touch, taste and social norms of interaction. This panel seeks to interrogate the ways in which transgressive sex is a politicised arena of social action; how can transgressive sex alienate, resist, ground and inform community action and interaction; how do public and private spaces of encounter mediate transgressive sexual interaction; in what ways are bodies transformed by transgressive sex; and how do the politics of transgressive sex inform fieldwork and research strategies?


The equipment required to perform the procedure is similar to that for other laparoscopic sterilizations except for the ring applicator. The technique has been performed by either the 1- or 2-puncture method. Anesthesia has been local or general with additional sedatives. The occluding ring is made of a special silicone rubber. The inner diameter is 1 mm and the outer diameter 3.6 mm. After the laparoscope and applicator have been inserted the tube is grasped and a thin segment drawn into the tube. The ring is then extruded onto the knuckle of the tube. The ring occludes the lumen of the tube and also causes ischemia of the strangulated segment of the loop. Occasionally the tube may separate at the point of the occlusion with bleeding which is difficult to controly In such cases application of another clip or electrocautery may be needed to control the bleeding. In 280 cases 4 patients have had severe pain and 185 have had some pain. Only 2 complications were severe requiring laparotomy. In 1 of these cases chronic pelvic inflammatory disease was present. In the other bilateral tuboovarian abscesses developed postoperatively requiring hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy. In 9 cases application of a 2nd ring was needed. In 7 patients with thickened tubes from inflammatory disease electrosurgery was used. In 8 cases visualization was obscured. No pregnancies have followed in the 280 cases but only 70 have been followed for over 1 year. Long-term assessment of this method is recommended.


The paper considers a new class of duration models in which unobserved heterogeneity changes with time. The class addresses two main questions: How does the exit probability from a state vary when unobserved heterogeneity evolves through time? And do changes in unobserved heterogeneity have a timing effect? We show the non- and semi-parametric identification of the new class by solving a nonlinear integral equation with unknown kernel. Both the function of observed covariates and the mean of the distribution of unobserved heterogeneity are nonparametrically identified. Identifying timing effects and the distribution of unobserved heterogeneity requires stronger assumptions on either one of the two. An extension to the case when unobserved heterogeneity is a function of observed covariates is also identified. We show that sieve maximum likelihood estimators are consistent and present Monte Carlo simulations for both correct specification and misspecification. The paper also presents an empirical model of unemployment duration in which individuals exit unemployment when total accumulated losses due to unemployment cross over a self-imposed spending limit.


Fountain codes have been suggested as an efficient solution for multimedia communications over erasure packet network. Therefore, the unequal error protection (UEP) fountain codes schemes are needed for the multimedia data of different importance. This paper proposed a novel technique to optimize the degree distribution of the generalized fountain codes that can provide strong UEP property. We further verify our work with simulations. Simulation results show that the proposed fountain codes have a better decoding performance than the fountain codes without optimization.


This article advocates the re-introduction of tram networks in the UK. Already developed lines such as those in Manchester and Sheffield were based on hard-fought political decisions. Other countries, especially France, have been expanding the use of urban tramways for longer. The author sees guided bus technology as not developing further, while trams prove more effective than buses in persuading drivers to change transport mode. Investment in trams should be seen as an important part of land use planning: residential developments built around a tram line provide a customer base which was not existent when the line itself was built.


Though Schottky-barrier solar cells have been studied extensively previously, not much work has been done recently on these cells, because of the fact that conventional p-n junction silicon solar cells have much higher efficiency and have attracted the attention of most of the researchers. However, the Schottky-barrier solar cells have the advantage of simple and economical fabrication process. In this paper, the effect of back surface recombination velocity on the minority carrier distribution and the spectral response of a Schottky-barrier silicon solar cell have been investigated and, based on this study, a new design of the cell with a back surface field has been suggested, which is expected to give much improved performance.


In the past three decades, an immense amount of magnetic field data (with periods of measurements from months to years) has been collected worldwide, either inland or at the sea bottom. This makes it tempting to estimate from these data magnetotelluric (MT) vertical transfer functions – tippers –  and further probe with them the three-dimensional distribution of electrical conductivity on a continental or even global scale. Such a problem setup requires modelling tippers in spherical geometry. It is known that MT impedances in spherical coordinates can be modelled using different polarizations of a uniform external magnetic field. As for tippers, one needs another type of excitation because the uniform external magnetic field of any polarization contains a non-zero radial component. In the paper, we elaborate a source model, which leads to valid tippers on a whole sphere. We also present a novel, accurate and computationally efficient solver to calculate the electromagnetic field in a spherical shell or a part thereof. To illustrate the workability of both the introduced source model and the developed new solver, we present the results of modelling the ocean induction effect in tippers on a global scale. We performed computations in the models with and without oceanic sediments and show that the sediments substantially influence the results in the coastal regions where the thickness of sediments is comparable with or even exceeds the ocean's bathymetry.


Induced by a shock of earthquake occurred on December 17, 1987, many slope failures happened on hillside slopes of the Kazusa-Hills, Chiba Prefecture, which consist mainly of thick mudstone and their alternations of Plio-Pleistocene. By the type of movement, the influence of joint and stratification, the slope failures can be classified into 5 groups; namely, rock fall, slide on joint surface formed in mudstone, collapse in semi-consolidated sandstone, toppling and bedrock slide. Strength parameters were determined by direct shear tests on three kinds of rock samples concerned in failures: that is, jointed mudstone, semi-consolidated massive sandstone and well-laminated sandstone. The stability analysis was made by using limit equilibrium method on 12 slope failures and one bedrock slide. The original factor of safety before the earthquake shock is inferred to be 1.0 to 2.0, and its relationship with the critical acceleration shows the necessity and usefulness of slope stability maps.


Thermal water has been tapped by a hydrogeologic-exploration and exploitation bo-rehole Ce-2/95, drilled at Cerkno in 1995 to a depth of 2004 m. It is located in the north-westem margin of the External Dinarides that are characterized by the nappe structure. The borehole has drilled through the Trnovo nappe composed of low permeable Carboni-ferous-Permian clastics (down to a 95 m depth), then through the upper part of the Hrušica nappe with clastic and pyroclastic rocks of the Pseudozilian Formation (down to a 545 m depth), the Main dolomite Formation (down to a 835 m depth)


The quasi-linear equations for the ion pressure and field-aligned momentum are integrated across a plasma slab for initial density, temperature and flow-velocity profiles typical of tokamak experiments, and the energy and momentum diffusivities (!E and !U, respectively) are calculated during the plasma evolution. The behavior of the Prandtl number Pr=! E /! U is monitored during the injection of auxiliary power and/or momentum, and it turns out that its value stays below 0.5, for a broad range of physical parameter values. The correlation between energy and angular momentum transport observed in different tokamak experiments (1), and the occurrence of an intrinsic toroidal plasma rotation with characteristics that depend on the confinement regimes (2) suggest a common anomalous origin of energy and angular momentum diffusion that can be triggered by unstable ITG modes. In this connection, the drift fluid equations for the ion pressure and parallel flow- velocity, containing the corresponding quasi-linear (QL) fluxes produced by the presence of a k-spectrum of unstable ITG modes, with k ∀ # Li 1. The transport equations and the quasi-linear fluxes Consider a plasma slab (-a<x<+a) with the equilibrium magnetic field laying in the (y,z) plane and depending on the slab coordinate x, as all the other equilibrium physical parameters, like ion density, flow-velocity and pressure. Due to the slowness of the motions we are interested in (∀<<# ci ), electrons follow a Boltzmann distribution and quasi- neutrality holds. The spatial variation of the magnetic field and its curvature are taken into account by means of a suitable drift velocity (3). The dependent variable Ar,t ( ) is written in


We discuss magnetic field and plasma observations of the heliosheath made by Voyager 2 (V2) during 2015, when V2 was observing the effects of near-maximum solar activity during solar cycle 24 following the solar minimum in 2009. The average magnetic field strength B was relatively high, 0.126 nT, as expected for solar maximum. A sector structure was observed with nearly equal maximum values of the distribution of directions of daily averages at approximately 90° and 180°, consistent with the Parker spiral magnetic field directions in the heliosheath. This structure indicates that the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) extended to high latitudes above V2 throughout most of 2015. The analysis of one sector boundary confirmed that the HCS was highly inclined (47°) with respect to the equatorial plane. The small-scale increments in B can be described by a -Gaussian distribution with q = 1.60 ± 0.17 for daily averages and q = 1.66 ± 0.03 for hourly averages. The magnetic flux BVRR increased at V2, indicating that there was no significant loss of magnetic energy during 2015. Two merged interaction regions and a global merged interaction region (GMIR) were observed. The flow speed increased as the GMIR moved past V2, indicating that the GMIR was still being compressed by the flow. The GMIR caused a major decrease in the >70 MeV/nuc cosmic-ray intensity. It is likely that the GMIR is causally related to a shock-like disturbance observed by Voyager 1 in the draped interstellar magnetic field beyond the heliopause.


Importance
Pediatric patients often encounter anxiety and distress in hospital settings, and virtual reality education, providing a vivid, immersive, and realistic experience, has been introduced to mitigate these anxiety responses.

Objective
To evaluate whether virtual reality education for pediatric patients before chest radiography could reduce anxiety and distress in children and improve the radiographic process.

Design, Setting, and Participants
This prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted in a tertiary academic hospital in Seongnam, Republic of Korea. Participants (n = 112) were children aged 4 to 8 years who underwent chest radiography between July 20, 2018, and September 11, 2018. Analysis was performed from October 2, 2018, to April 23, 2019.

Interventions
Children were randomized to simple verbal instruction (control group) or 3-minute virtual reality education explaining the process of chest radiography in detail and leading to appropriate cooperation (virtual reality group).

Main Outcomes and Measures
The primary outcome was anxiety and distress among pediatric patients based on behavioral observations using the amended version of the Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress scale for radiology procedures (total score of 30, with a score <5 indicating less distressed and a score ≥5 indicating more distressed). Secondary outcomes were the need of parental presence, parental satisfaction score, procedure time, number of repeated images, and process difficulty score.

Results
Of 99 children included in the final analysis, 50 (50.5%) were allocated to the control group (mean [SD] age, 5.6 [1.2] years; 26 boys [52.0%]) and 49 (49.5%) to the virtual reality group (mean [SD] age, 5.8 [1.3] years; 32 boys [65.3%]). The mean (SD) score for anxiety and distress (2.0 [3.7] vs 5.0 [6.1]; mean difference, 3.0 [95% CI, 1.0-5.0]; P = .004), need for parental presence (8 cases with parents present [16.3%] vs 18 cases with parents present [36.0%]), and mean (SD) procedure time (55.1 [21.6] seconds vs 75.0 [42.0] seconds) were lower in the virtual reality group than in the control group. The mean (SD) score for parental satisfaction (9.4 [1.4] vs 8.6 [2.0]) was higher in the virtual reality group than in the control group.

Conclusions and Relevance
Virtual reality education before chest radiography improved the radiography experience among pediatric patients by reducing anxiety, distress, and procedure time while increasing parents' satisfaction.

Trial Registration
UMIN Clinical Trials Registry: UMIN000030663.


Abstract The reactions of geminal N3P3(NHBut)2Cl4 with difunctional alcohols, amines, and aminoalcohols were investigated and a series of spiro derivatives, N3P3(NHBut)2[X(CH2)nY]Cl2 (X = Y = O, NH: n =2,3,4; × = O, Y = NH, n = 2, 3, 4; × = Y = NMe, n = 2, 3; X= NH, Y = NMe; n = 2.3; X= O, Y = NMe, n = 2), N3P3(NHBut)2[O(CH2)nO]2Cl2 (n = 3, 4) as well as a monodentate compound, N3P3(NHBut)2[O(CH2)3OH]Cl3, were isolated. The phosphorus-31 and proton n.m.r. spectra of these compounds are discussed. Degeneracies in the phosphorus-31 n.m.r. spectra could be reduced by the use of lanthanide shift reagents and by solvent effects.


The contention of this thesis is that previous accounts of 1956 and its impact on the Communist Party of Australia, have afforded insufficient attention to the complexities of this period in the Party's history. The common perception has been that the Party leadership clamped down on attempts by members to generate debate and discussion about the content of Khrushchev's 'secret speech' and the uprising in Hungary. The result of this was that members either concurred with the Party's stance and stayed within its ranks, or they disagreed and resigned or were expelled. This perception is too simplistic and fails to acknowledge the manifold difficulties and uncertainties faced by both the membership and the leadership during this period. In an attempt to illuminate this chapter in the Party's history, this thesis will argue that 1956 traced a complex path of denial, surprise, limited acceptance and intolerance on the part of the leadership; and shock, disbelief, dismay and, in some instances, indifference on the part of the membership. Chapter 1 introduces the background leading up to 1956 both internationally and domestically. It also surveys the literature that has focused, either wholly or in part, on this period. Chapter 2 details Khrushchev's 'secret speech' and the events in Hungary and assesses the international reaction to these events. Chapters 3 and 4 focus on the CPA and its leadership. Chapter 3 explores its reaction and approach to dealing with the 'fallout' from the speech in the first half of 1956, prior to the Soviet Union releasing its official statement about the speech. Chapter 4 traces the increasing hard line approach subsequently taken by the CPA leadership and its handling of the internal protests about the Soviet action in Hungary. Chapters 5 and 6 focus on the diversity of reactions displayed by members. These ranged from those who were troubled by what they learnt of Stalin's actions but resolved, for a wide variety of reasons, to stay within the Party, to those for whom the revelations proved too divergent from their ideal of communism and either left or were removed from the party.


Due to the frequent occurrence of transient faults on overhead lines, the use of DC reclosing strategy can effectively improve its power supply reliability. However, when the DC grid coincides with a permanent fault, it will cause a secondary impact problem, endangering system operation and equipment safety. An adaptive restart strategy of flexible DC grid suitable for double-terminal MMC is proposed. This paper first researches the transient characteristics of pole to pole fault, then introduces the active control strategy after the fault and proposes a current reference signal with adaptive restart capability. Finally, the simulation model of typical double-terminal DC network is built in PSCAD/EMTDC. The simulation results show that the proposed adaptive restart strategy can determine the nature of the fault within 25ms, and finally restart quickly within 150ms.


The invention relates to a method of file transfer. The method of the file transfer comprises the following steps that firstly, an A device searches other devices on a network; when the A device finds the other devices, the A device selects a device to send a connecting request, and the device serves as a B device; then the B device and the A device are connected, and the A device requests for a shared file listing of the B device; the B device generates the shared file listing and returns the shared file listing to the A device, and the A device sends a download request for a specific file to the B device; and finally, the A device downloads the file from the B device, and connection between the A device and the B device is disconnected after download of the file is finished. The invention further relates to a system of the file transfer, wherein the system of the file transfer corresponds to the method of the file transfer. The method and the system of the file transfer achieve file sharing between devices, the devices can be identical, and can also be different, the file sharing breaks limits of platforms, and efficiency of the file transfer between the devices is improved.


In this paper, a new double expectation propagation-based decision feedback equalizer (DEP-DFE) for server inter-symbol interference (ISI) channels employing turbo equalization is proposed. The EP algorithm is used at the equalizer output and the channel decoder output. The proposed DEP-DFE offers a new approach to alleviate error propagation. Additionally, its computational complexity is nearly half of the EP-based minimum mean square error (MMSE)-based linear equalizer (EP-MMSE-LE) proposed by Santos et al. The bit error ratio performance of the proposed equalizer is verified through simulation in the well-known severely frequency selective Proakis-C channel for different scenarios. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DEP-DFE can achieve similar or better performance than the EP-MMSE-LE. Moreover, it has significant improvement over the double expectation propagation-based MMSE-LE (DEP-MMSE-LE).


Abstract 3717 Poster Board III-653 Introduction Primary cutaneous lymphomas (PCL) present in the majority of histologic variants an indolent behaviour and a good prognosis with a prolonged survival. In a very small number of patients (pts), PCL is aggressive at the onset while in pts who are resistant or have relapsed after repeated topic or systemic therapies an advanced disease is more frequently observed. In these patients no therapy is capable of inducing a stable remission of the disease. The efficacy and low toxicity of Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (PLD) as a single agent in second-line therapy of PCL was recently demonstrated. In our study we tested the safety and efficacy of PLD (Caelyx®) (C) in association with three drugs of proven effectiveness in nodal lymphoprolipherative and other primary cutaneous neoplastic disorders: Bleomycin (B), Vinblastine (B) and Dacarbazine (D) (CBVD). Patients and Methods From February 2003 to December 2008 we observed 37 consecutive pts with advanced PCL: 19 Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas (CTCL) and 18 cutaneous B-Cell Lymphomas (CBCL). The CTCL pts were: 15 males and 4 females, with median age 59 (27-86) years, of which 7 pts with Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL) CD30 positive, 7 pts with transformed Mycosis Fungoides (tMF), 3 pts with CD30 negative ALCL, 1pt with Panniculitis-like (Pl) Lymphoma and 1 pt with transformed Sezary Syndrome (tSS), according to the WHO-EORTC consensus classification. Nine pts presented with a nodal involvement and 10 pts were resistant or relapsed after 1 or more systemic treatments. Among the CBCL pts there were: 8 males and 10 females, with median age 61 (42-84) years, 12 pts had a Follicular Centre Lymphoma (FCL), 3 a Marginal Zone Lymphoma (MZL) and 3 a Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Leg Type (LT). Five pts presented a nodal involvement and 11 pts had received 1 or more previous systemic therapy. All 37 pts received CBVD therapy at following dosage: C: 20 mg/m2, B: 10 mg/m2, V: 6 mg/m2, D: 325 mg/m2 at days 1 and 15, administered intravenously every 4 weeks for a maximum of 6 cycles. Rituximab (R) at dosage of 375 mg/m2 was administered to CBCL pts at 1st day of each cycle. Before the treatment, pts were submitted to a complete staging of disease including TC-scan, bone marrow biopsy, and immunophenotyping of peripheral blood cells. Results In the CTCL group 4 pts received 4 CBVD cycles, 14 pts received 6 CBVD cycles and 1 pt presented a progressive disease after the 1st cycle. Overall Response Rate (ORR) was 94.7% (18/19 pts). Sixteen out of 18 pts (88.8%) had a Complete Remission (CR) with disappearance of nodal involvement and cutaneous lesions, 2/18 pts obtained a Partial Remission (PR) with disappearance of nodal involvement and 75% of cutaneous lesions. In the CBCL group 3 pts received 2 R-CBVD cycles, 3 pts 4 cycles and 11 pts 6 cycles: ORR was 100% and all pts obtained a CR. The occurrence of palmoplantar erytrodisesthesia in 5 pts and grade 2-3 granulocytopenia in 12 pts did not modify the therapy program. Two CTCL pts (1 tSS, 1Pl) and 1 CBCL (LT) pt in CR after therapy received an allogeneic Hemopoietic Stem Cells (HCS) transplant and 1 CBCL(FCL) pt a syngeneic HCS transplant. In CTCL group 11 (61%) pts maintained their response after a median follow up of 15.5 (9-71) months. Among CBCL pts 14 (77.7%) pts are still in CR after a median follow up of 15 (4-36) months. Conclusions Our experience demonstrates that the CBVD association is an effective and safe therapy for advanced PCL in inducing an important tumour burden reduction with a high CR rate. The assessment of response duration requires a longer observation. A larger number of patients in a multicentric trial are needed to confirm our promising results. Disclosures: Off Label Use: liposomial doxorubicin has a peculiar cutaneous tropism and low cardiac toxicity compared with other anthracyclines.


A nonlinear predictive control method, based on improved RAN, is being proposed in the paper. This method makes use of the improved RAN network with multiple I/O to establish an object(s multi-step predictive model and calculate the predictive control quantity with the simplified Newton iteration method for optimizing the calculation. The method has been applied to simulation studies of superheated steam temperature as the object of treatment. Simulation results show that the neural predictive model used in this method is distinguished by high precision, good generalization property and stable control quality. Figs 5 and refs 9.


Twenty six isolates of Streptococcus mitis bacteria collected from clinical of dental disease in missan city , then analyzed between (October and December in 2014).The samples taken in order to determine the bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility . Isolates of Streptococcus mitis were tested against eight different antibiotics and crude of crude aqueous extracts from flowers of Matricaria chamomilla L., by a disk diffusion method. 100% of isolates were resistat to the Tetracycline ,84%resistant to Ampicillin , 96% resistant Nitrofurantion ,100% resistant to Optochin ,80% resistant to Bacitracin ,96% resistant to, 92% resistant to Vincomycin , 73% resistant to Benzypenicillin where found to be the least effective antibiotics against MDR Streptococcus mitis. Also the antimicrobial suscepitility of isolates where tested against crude of crude aqueous extracts from flowers of Matricaria chamomilla L. with different concentration (62,5, 125, 250 , 500 mg / ml) detected by agar well diffusion methods , the aqueous extracts from flowers of Matricaria chamomilla L. have more effective in 500 mg / ml . Finally cytotoxicity evaluating toward human RBC , the results revealed these crud extracts of Matricaria chamomilla L. have not any cytotoxicity in all concentration . The good antimicrobial potency of crud extracts of Matricaria chamomilla L. indicates the treatment of MDR Streptococcus mitis as an alternative to the costly antibiotic.


Considering the current situation that the temperature control systems in market have the general disadvantages of complicated structure, high power consumption and tremendous cost, a new greenhouse temperature supervising system is designed, with a Arduino Mega 2560 single chip microcomputer as the core, XBEE as the short distance wireless transferring tools, and with function of displaying information in computers and remote control. The core component of this system is the Arduino software-hardware open source platform, which is currently popular in the market. This platform embraces the excellence of stability, low power consumption, cheap cost and easy operation as its advantages and selling points. XBEE can constitute the mesh network, each module of which can supplied as the route node, coordinator and terminal node. This system can achieve the functions of collecting data from sensors while is capable of displaying these data in the computers and put them under the network remote control. Easy to install, it can simultaneously achieve network monitoring several greenhouses. Enormous convenience to production inside the greenhouse is fulfilled due to these mentioned features as well, which makes it suitable to the small scale agricultural production.


We have developed an approach to natural language processing in which the natural language processor is viewed as a knowledge-based system whose knowledge is about the meanings of the utterances of its language. The approach is oriented around the phrase rather than the word as the basic unit. We believe that this paradigm for language processing not only extends the capabilities of other natural language systems, but handles those tasks that previous systems could perform in a more systematic and extensible manner.We have constructed a natural language analysis program called PHRAN (PHRasal ANalyzer) based in this approach. This model has a number of advantages over existing systems, including the ability to understand a wider variety of language utterances, increased processing speed in some cases, a clear separation of control structure from data structure, a knowledge base that could be shared by a language production mechanism, greater ease of extensibility, and the ability to store some useful forms of knowledge that cannot readily be added to other systems.


Network technology outgrows the traditional accounting model, bringing about new changes in business accounting, and thereby setting out further requirements for accounting teaching in colleges and universities. The accounting educators should devoted themselves to a serious study of such issues as accounting curriculum designing, teaching content reform, teaching method and teaching means improvement and etc., so as to bring up the accounting professionals of compound type who are able to meet the needs of the development of the society.


This paper explores the specific role of international treaty secretariats in international governance. Although the relevance of secretariats in international negotiations, rulesetting and implementation has been acknowledged by a number of scholars, social science research still lacks theoretical distinction and empirical scrutiny in understanding just when and how they affect these processes of international governance. In the environmental field the number of multilateral treaties has soared in the past decades, which thus provides us with a particularly interesting area for our research. We employ organizational theories and institutionalist reasoning for qualitative case study research of four environmental treaty secretariats (i.e. the secretariats to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the UN Convention to Combat Desertification, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer). While the organizational design of all four secretariats is similar, our research reveals and discusses variation in the cognitive and normative effects of their activities. From a larger set of explanatory factors the paper emphasizes the salience of problem structure and leadership patterns in exploring treaty secretariats' capacities to influence policy processes in the respective international regimes.**


This paper is related with the provisions for child rights which entail the constitutional law and other programmes for the welfare of children in India. Besides this it focuses on the prevailing problems of children in India and role of National Human Rights Commission. The study appreciate the role and working of NHRC with providing some suggestions on specific areas. It recognizes the challenge is to translate political commitment to practice and suggest that the development with social justice cannot be achieved in the absence of respect for human rights. There has to be an enabling environment - legal political, economic and social - sensitive in the local context for realization of right to development. The gap between intention and action has undermined the credibility of several schemes. NHRC targets to be a facilitator to trigger this process for the realization of the right to development