Microbial biofilms are important in aquaculture industries as they resist antibiotic treatments. In this study, we have investigated the antibiofilm potential of a tropical marine culture Bacillus licheniformis D1 (containing an antimicrobial protein BLDZ1) against two aquaculture associated pathogens namely, Vibrio harveyi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both the test cultures formed biofilms on polystyrene and glass surfaces. The cell free supernatant (CFS) of B. licheniformis inhibited V. harveyi and P. aeruginosa biofilms on polystyrene surfaces up to around 80% and 78% respectively. In addition, the CFS disrupted pre-formed biofilms of test cultures by about 73%. Fluorescence and scanning electron microscope analysis confirmed the antibiofilm potential of the CFS. The cell free supernatant displayed antiadhesive activity that inhibited the initial attachment of the bacteria during the process of biofilm formation. In addition, the CFS exhibited antimicrobial activity and mediated cell death via cytoplasmic membrane disruption.


Background: Understaffing in mass casualty incidents limits flow in the overwhelmed emergency department, which is further compounded by inefficient use of those same human resources. Process mapping analysis of a "Code Orange" exercise at a tertiary academic hospital exposed the failures of telephone-based emergency physician fan-out protocols to address these issues. As such, a quality improvement and patient safety initiative was undertaken to design, implement, and evaluate a new mass casualty incident fan-out mechanism. Aim Statement: By February 2019, emergency physician fan-out will be accomplished within 1 hour of Code Orange declaration, with a response rate greater than 20%. Measures & Design: Process mapping of a Code Orange simulation highlighted telephone fan-out to be ineffective in mobilizing emergency physicians to provide care in mass casualty incidents: available staff were pulled from their usual duties to help unit clerks unsuccessfully reach off-duty physicians by telephone for hours. Stakeholders subsequently identified automation and computerization as a compelling change idea. A de-novo automated bidirectional text-messaging system was thus developed. Early trials were analyzed for process measures including fan-out speed, unit clerk involvement, and physician response rate, with further large-scale tests planned for early 2019. Evaluation/Results: Only 50% of telephone fan-out was completed after a 2-hour exercise despite 3 staff supplementing the 2 on-shift unit clerks, with a 4% physician response rate. In contrast, data from initial trials of the automated system suggest that full fan-out can be performed within 1 hour of Code Orange declaration and require only 1 unit clerk, with text-messages projected to yield higher physician response rates than telephone calls. Early findings have thus far affirmed stakeholder sentiments that automating fan-out can improve speed, unit clerk efficiency, and physician response rate. Discussion/Impact: Automated text-message systems can expedite fan-out protocol in mass casualty incidents, relieve allied health staff strain, and more reliably recruit emergency physicians. Large-scale trials of the novel system are therefore planned for early 2019, with future expansion of the protocol to other medical personnel under consideration. Thus, automated text-message systems can be implemented in urban centres to improve fan-out efficiency and aid overall emergency department flow in mass casualty incidents.


Management and prevention of vasospasm in subarachnoid haemorrhage are one of the complex dictums so far. Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) is the condition in which bleeding occurs in subarachnoid space. Vasospasm is a complex immunologically active phenomenon which requires a multimodality approach in the treatment of established vasospasm. Various treatment strategies for vasospasm and related disabilities include vasodilators such as nimodipine, sodium nitroprusside and papaverine. Intra-arterial nimodipine shows drastic improvement in several patients by resolving and preventing vasospasm. Intra-arterial administration of nimodipine can cause hypotension which can be easily managed. Papaverine is also an efficient drug-producing vasodilatory action on cerebral arteries. Papaverine is considered as the first intraarterial agent to reduce angiographic cerebral vasospasm which has the side effect of elevated intracranial pressure. Besides, the intrathecal administration of sodium nitroprusside has also demonstrated the effect in ischemic vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage. Intraarterial administration of this drug can induce arterial hypotension which is not a recommended method. Vomiting is the main side effect of sodium nitroprusside, which can be managed with antiemetics such as ondansetron. Here we present a case of management of cerebral vasospasm in subarachnoid patients using the combination of these three effective drugs which showed a remarkable improvement in the resolution of aneurysmal vasospasm.


This study examines recently proposed test method called the Moisture Induced Stress Tester (MiST). The primary objective of this test method is to identify stripping potential in asphalt materials. In the course of presented study, the MiST testing was performed on the hotmix asphalt (HMA) field samples from six Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) test sections in the US as well as on the field- and laboratory-compacted warm-mix asphalt (WMA) samples produced in a drum plant. Wearing surface cores from the LTPP test sections were evaluated in the MiST, and water samples before and after the test were analyzed using Infrared (IR) spectrometry. The warm-mix specimens were MiST conditioned and compared to the traditional Tensile Strength Ratio tests (AASHTO T283) as well as their bulk specific gravities were measured before and after the treatment. The results showed comparable results between MiST conditioning and the T283 for the HMA samples but similar comparison was not valid for the tested WMA specimens. Furthermore, the IR analysis identified significant peaks related to the asphalt presence at various concentrations in the water after testing, however additional data is needed in order to formulate more general conclusions from the observed trends.


The abstract succinctly introduces the paper and should not exceed 300 words. It should mention the techniques used without going into methodological detail and should summarize the most important results. Please do not include any citations in the abstract. Avoid specialist abbreviations if possible.


Development of efficient high throughput analysis methods is a crucial challenge to speed up the preliminary screening of potential psychostimulants. In this study, we used principal component analysis in combination with 1 HNMR to study the metabolic effects of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB 1 ) agonist ∆ 9 -THC and antagonist AM251in zebrafish embryos. The embryos were exposed at 24 hours post fertilization for 96 hours and analysed at 5dpf. A dose-dependent increase was found in the levels of choline, betaine, glycine, taurine, ATP and glucose upon exposure to ∆ 9 -THC. The levels of excitatory neurotransmitters glutamate and glutamine increased at lower doses of ∆ 9 -THC, whereas the higher, lethal dose resulted in abrupt decrease of glutamate levels. In contrast to ∆ 9 -THC, the antagonist AM251 caused a dose-dependent reduction in betaine, choline, taurine and also inhibited the accumulation of glutamate and glutamine. Interestingly, both compounds induce the production of the dopamine precursor's phenylalanine and tyrosine at higher doses. These findings suggest that the CB 1 receptor is involved in the regulation of metabolites, which are directly involved in neurotransmission in zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, our results show the importance of a 1 HNMR based metabolomics platform for the preliminary screening of psychostimulants and pharmaceutical drugs; and in providing a detailed overview of their general effects on the metabolome of a whole organism.


Combined with the practice of mountain highway large repair of Bijie area in Guizhou province,the construction process of cement stabilized macadam base were introduced.The construction materials of cement stabilized macadam base,mixing,transporting,spreading,rolling and preserving etc.Procedures of mixture,the measures that guaranteeing the engineering quality in construction were detail discussed,in order to improve pavement quality.


As criminal damage gives serious personal and social impact, it's more important to prevent time in advance than criminal investigation and arrest. Though there are many research fields in crime prevention, this study focuses on the idea that the improvement of physical environment of urban space can reduce crime occurrence, which Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is pursuing. In this respect, the purpose of this study is to seek strategies for crime prevention and to create safer city from crime by analyzing the crime data with diverse spatial dimension, local (block) and global (city) level. It carried out hotspot analysis with real crime data for 2008 and 2011 in a case city. Also, environmental factors which may give impact on crime occurrence were analyzed. As results, the crime hotspots appear similarly both in the year of 2008 and 2011. However highly dense crime hotspots were found mainly in commercial area. Thus in order to find impact factors on crime occurrence in commercial area spatial autocorrelation analysis was carried out. As results hotspots and cold spots could be found out by block level. In addition, street width, building stories, floor area ration, type Ⅱ neighborhood living facility, recreational facilities, commercial facilities and no. of house were turned out to significant variables on crime occurrence. This implies that there is a high possibility to reduce crime by careful urban an architectural management and physical improvement of urban space. Finally, in order to accelerate safer city, crime data should be collected systematically and provided to researchers with limited permission and opened to public in the form of crime map.


patriarchs down through the Maccabean period and discusses the appropriate biblical literature within each period. The historical accounts are described in a noncritical fashion for the sake of beginning students and perhaps to make the work less offensive to those of a more conservative persuasion. Consideration is given to the more critical views in parenthetical discussions and footnotes. Herein Gordon presents views which diverge from his own in an objective and informative fashion. While the work nicely provides historical and comparative ancient near eastern information, it is weak in offering insight into the theological traditions. One looks in vain for a discussion of the Psalms or Wisdom Literature; a minimal consideration of seven pages is allotted to a discussion of the Yahwist, Elohist, Deuteronomistic, and Priestly theologies. The strength of the text lies in the evaluation of the classical prophets, which constitutes half of the book. In terms of mechanics the text should be praised for its footnote system. The author exposes the students to a wide range of good resources, surpassing the more "advanced" textbook of Werner Schmidt discussed above. However, the bibliography described by the jacket as "annotated" is merely a list of sources classified according to each chapter. Finally, the book is afflicted with a number of annoying typographical errors. Though the preface describes this work as a text designed for semester or quarter college courses, this reviewer would suggest using it in conjunction with other texts which provide greater theological discussion. Perhaps the text will prove useful in general biblical or introductory religious studies courses in which more than the Hebrew Scripture are considered. The work should be recommended for students with a minimal background in Bible, remedial college students, or advanced high-school level courses.


A socket electrical connector adapted to receive a portion of a mating plug electrical connector. The socket electrical connector includes a housing, at least two electrical contact terminals, and a cA socket electrical connector adapted to receive a portion of a mating plug electrical connector. The socket electrical connector includes a housing, at least two electrical contact terminals, and a contact shorting member. The housing includes a first housing member and a second housing member. The second housing member is located in the first housing member and forms a scoop proof dome having aontact shorting member. The housing includes a first housing member and a second housing member. The second housing member is located in the first housing member and forms a scoop proof dome having aheight extending above a top side of the first hosing member. The second housing member forms at least one receiving area for receiving the portion of the mating plug electrical connector. The electriheight extending above a top side of the first hosing member. The second housing member forms at least one receiving area for receiving the portion of the mating plug electrical connector. The electrical contact terminals are connected to the first housing member and extend into the at least one receiving area of the second housing member. The contact shorting member is mounted on the second housical contact terminals are connected to the first housing member and extend into the at least one receiving area of the second housing member. The contact shorting member is mounted on the second housing member and contacts the electrical contacts.ng member and contacts the electrical contacts.


Background Chronic exposure to elevated levels of saturated fatty acids results in pancreatic β-cell senescence. However, targets and effective agents for preventing stearic acid-induced β-cell senescence are still lacking. Although melatonin administration can protect β-cells against lipotoxicity through anti-senescence processes, the precise underlying mechanisms still need to be explored. Therefore, we investigated the anti-senescence effect of melatonin on stearic acid-treated mouse β-cells and elucidated the possible role of microRNAs in this process. Methods β-Cell senescence was identified by measuring the expression of senescence-related genes and senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining. Gain- and loss-of-function approaches were used to investigate the involvement of microRNAs in stearic acid-evoked β-cell senescence and dysfunction. Bioinformatics analyses and luciferase reporter activity assays were applied to predict the direct targets of microRNAs. Results Long-term exposure to a high concentration of stearic acid-induced senescence and upregulated miR-146a-5p and miR-8114 expression in both mouse islets and β-TC6 cell lines. Melatonin effectively suppressed this process and reduced the levels of these two miRNAs. A remarkable reversibility of stearic acid-induced β-cell senescence and dysfunction was observed after silencing miR-146a-5p and miR-8114. Moreover, V-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A (Mafa) was verified as a direct target of miR-146a-5p and miR-8114. Melatonin also significantly ameliorated senescence and dysfunction in miR-146a-5pand miR-8114-transfected β-cells. Conclusion These data demonstrate that melatonin protects against stearic acid-induced β-cell senescence by inhibiting miR-146a- 5p and miR-8114 and upregulating Mafa expression. This not only provides novel targets for preventing stearic acid-induced β-cell dysfunction, but also points to melatonin as a promising drug to combat type 2 diabetes progression.


The ultimate intention of this thesis was to analyze the present product development and production process at the client organization and to develop methods to improve the agility of the product development and production process. Thus the organization can be ready for on demand product development and corresponding customization in production by maintaining enough agility. The overall study will help the organization to comprehend the present process improvement potentials and guideline to improve those drawbacks. The research work concentrated on two major issues, e.g. product development and production. Preliminarily basic product development process is studied and later on it has moved to more specific area, the apparel product development. "No Interval Coherently Phased Product Development" model was adapted as the basic framework. Some other methods like concurrent product development, agile production method, relationship in supply chain management etc. were also studied in parallel. Later on, collected data based on interview questions and sales data of the client organization is analyzed and connected to the theoretical framework. The data lead to some findings that are presented as recommendation. This work emphasizes on time management in the processes and perceived that, it is the key towards "On Demand" service stance. The achievement of required agility in the product development and production process are connected to proper time management, a few changes in the working methods, a few improvements within the supply chain partners, reduction in quality faults etc. Implementation of these small improvements will lead to an efficient apparel processing that could also help other firms to apply the improved methodologies. It is to be believed that the study work and recommendations will be also useful to similar kind of organizations.


This paper discusses the public relations communication strategy of the Regional Government of Bima Regency with the vision of "RAMAH" (Religius, Aman, Makmur, Amanah, dan Handal) in building its positive image in the eyes of the public. This paper used descriptive-qualitative analysis, on how public relationofBima Regency builds a positive image to foster harmonious relations between government organizations and the community and prevent the occurrence of psychological barriers that may occur between them. Public relations is a management function that aims to bridge the gap between the organization and its internal and external stakeholders. All policies and whatever happens in the organization, managers of public relations must know it. As a spokesman for the government, the role of public relations in government circles is very important in building a positive image of the government. In the current era of openness, public relation has an important and strategic role to support the achievement of goals set by organizational management. In the context of development, many activities have been carried out by the public relation of the Bima Regency Government to form its positive image by conducting socialization, reporting by cooperating with online media, both local and national, to publish government programs and performance as a form of realization of the vision of "RAMAH".


Moral education at colleges and universities should bear the characteristics of activeness,pertinence and effectiveness.Those who work in this area must adapt to the new changes in the surroundings both at home and abroad,try to grasp the new features of the contemporary college students so as to take effective measures in the ideological work.Only in this way can new trails be blazed in the moral education at colleges and universities.


Thank you for submitting the ODSVRA Particulate Matter Reduction Plan (PMRP), Third Draft, dated March 29,2013. APCD staff have reviewed the document and still have concerns regarding some elements of the proposed Plan, as outlined in Attachment 1. Chief among those concerns is the lengthy timeframes proposed before any control measure implementation begins due to State Parks'desire to conduct a comprehensive monitoring program prior to deciding where and what controls will be installed. We believe earlier control measure implementation is essential to enhance the overall effectiveness of the controls and achieve timely reduction of emissions and downwind particulate levels. Thus, Attachment 2 provides a discussion developed by Dr. Chatten Cowherd, of the Midwest Research lnstitute, describing the typical process used to evaluate and decide on the type, scope and location of appropriate control measures for reducing sand transport and particulate emissions. We hope you will find this helpful.


KILAU Field is a mature field that produced through primary recovery. Managing mature field to keep performance in existing wells has many challenges, especially in performing workover activity. With limited data to knowing current subsurface condition, it has a high level of uncertainty in achieving a success rate in workover activity.
 In 2021, 10 workover programs were executed but success rate was only 30%. Five jobs were failed with no oil gain and others only delivered average 19 BOPD/well. Part of improvement process, it conducted lookback to find the root cause. The result observed that if the well was produced from A-1 sand, it would have failed. The type of well completion, both even produced with commingled completion or single completion were failed since producing the A-1 sand.
 Detailed subsurface review as part of lookback process was carried out. It turns out that the A-1 sand, based on log data from new wells (which were drilled in Q3-2021 until Q1-2022), shown that the level of OWC (Oil water contact) has clearly raised, or the oil already drained. So, if the well was perforated or produced from A-1 sand, then the production of the well will experience high water (high WC).
 Another analysis result obtained from information of new wells was a high oil opportunity in sand of A-3, A-5, & C-1. So, the new wells log data told the mystery of the current condition of the subsurface. This very meaningful information enabled revised strategy to optimize existing old wells.
 This paper discusses how to utilize new wells data to improve success rate of doing workover job by integrating updated subsurface information and production data though well log correlation and mimicking the completion of high production wells. The improvement process has been carried out in 7 wells through workover programs, which targeted reservoir A-3, A-5, & C-1 and to avoid producing sand A-1. It was obtaining a 100% success ratio with total oil gain of 966 BOPD.


In this paper the comparison among some papermaking powder properties are studied. It shows that the properties of different powders are different because of different chemical composition and different preparation method and their particle size is different for different purpose such as filler and pigment. The particle size of powder for pigment powder is smaller than that for filler. The specific surface area of papermaking filler is lower than 20m2/g, the absorption value of DBP is about 45cm3/100g, the whiteness is up to 90%, and the particle size is about 3µm. The specific surface area of papermaking pigment is lower than 25m2/g, the absorption value of DBP is from 40 cm3/100g to100cm3/100g, the whiteness of clay is up to 50%, the whiteness of GCC and PCC is up to 90%, and the particle size is lower than 2µm. The specific surface area of silica is up to 100m2/g, the absorption value of DBP is up to 100cm3/100g, the whiteness is up to 97%, and the particle size is around 5µm.


Fruits and vegetables are a very good source of Antioxidant compounds including polyphenolics, flavanoids, anthocyanins ect. Fruit peels and seeds are rich in these compounds and being a byproduct of food industries they act as a promising raw material for producing antioxidants. [1] Mangoes are the the native of Asia and Africa which is tropical in nature and bear fruits. After the processing of mangoes for various food products, peel and seeds are generated as by products. [2] These peel and kernel are reported to increase the shelf life of paneer and ghee. [3] Aloe vera has been proved to show therapeutic effect and has been effective in treatment of inflammation and sclerosis as it contain bioactive components called antioxidants which delay or prevent the oxidation of cellular substrates. [4] Bananas are considered as most affordable and widely available fruit which is considered as an important source of nutrition worldwide. Bananas are cultivated for therapeutic and consumption purposes and thus generates a huge amount of peel as by product. [5, 6] All these by products can be explored to check their antioxidant activity and compared with a well known antioxidant to enhance its antioxidant activity by making a combination of different extracts. This paper will discuss the comparative analysis of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid content and total antioxidant activity present in various industry by products i. e. Banana peel, Mango peel and Mango Kernel. This paper also shows the comparative analysis with a known antioxidant source, Aloe vera with these by products. The results indicated that Mango kernel shows the antioxidant activity better than other by products and even more than the aloe vera extract.


Dark matter could be composed by black-hole remnants formed before the big-bang era in a bouncing cosmology. This hypothetical scenario has implications on the issue of the arrow of time: it upsets a common attribution of past low entropy to the state of the geometry and suggests a possible realisation of the perspectival interpretation of past low entropy.


High power laser weapons have made impressive technical progress and have demonstrated their capabilities in shooting down numerous targets in live demos. National demonstrator systems on military platforms are now in preparation, for instance the integration of a 20 kW laser effector on a maritime platform. The core component of a laser weapon system is the militarized high energy laser (HEL). In this contribution the development of a 20 kW HEL for defence application will be presented. The laser concept is based on robust, compact and efficient high-power single-mode fiber laser modules. Power scaling to 20 kW is achieved with spectral beam combining. System architecture and laser data will be discussed.


Introduction to Cyber-Warfare: A Multidisciplinary Approach, written by experts on the front lines, gives you an insider's look into the world of cyber-warfare through the use of recent case studies. The book examines the issues related to cyber warfare not only from a computer science perspective but from military, sociological, and scientific perspectives as well. You'll learn how cyber-warfare has been performed in the past as well as why various actors rely on this new means of warfare and what steps can be taken to prevent it.

Provides a multi-disciplinary approach to cyber-warfare, analyzing the information technology, military, policy, social, and scientific issues that are in play
Presents detailed case studies of cyber-attack including inter-state cyber-conflict (Russia-Estonia), cyber-attack as an element of an information operations strategy (Israel-Hezbollah,) and cyber-attack as a tool against dissidents within a state (Russia, Iran)
Explores cyber-attack conducted by large, powerful, non-state hacking organizations such as Anonymous and LulzSec
Covers cyber-attacks directed against infrastructure, such as water treatment plants and power-grids, with a detailed account of Stuxent

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction

Part I: Cyber Attack

Chapter 2 - Cyber Attack in an Inter-State Conflict

Chapter 3 - Cyber Attack in Conjunction with Conventional Military Operations :

Chapter 4 - Cyber Attack in Support of Information Operations:

Chapter 5 - Cyber Attack Against Internal Dissidents

Chapter 6 - Cyber Attacks by Non-State Hacking Groups

Part II Cyber Espionage and Exploitation

Chapter 7 - Chinese Attributed Cyber Espionage

Chapter 8 - Hacking Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Chapter 9 - Social Network Exploitation: Theory and Practice

Chapter 10 The Next Generation of Cyber Exploitation

Chapter 11 ??Chapter 12 - Case Study

Part III

Chapter 11 - Industrial Control Systems

Chapter 12 - Cyber Attacks on the Power Grid

Chapter 13 - Stuxnet

Chapter 14- Conclusion and the Future of Cyber War


Skin wounds, particularly burns, affect a large population each year. The injury response to skin wounds depends both of the severity of the wound and the animal affected. The typical organismic response to an injury at the organ-scale is cell-mediated wound contraction and synthesis of nonphysiologic tissue (scar); this process is termed repair. Regeneration of lost or damaged tissue describes a process marked by synthesis of physiologic (normal, functional) tissue in the wound site. With increasing organism development, wound closure depends increasingly less on regeneration and correspondingly more on contraction and scar formation. A variety of tissue engineering constructs have been utilized to prevent contraction and scar formation and induce regeneration following skin wounds. Experimental experience has identified a number of specific criteria to maximize the bioactivity of such a graft, leading to maximal regeneration. These criteria as well as the morphology, functionality, and regenerative capacity of the three tissues that comprise skin will be detailed. In addition to the description of the organismic response to skin injuries and the current and historical clinical treatments for such injuries, five specific devices developed to treat severe skin injuries, including the design and manufacture of each device as well as the attendant experimental and clinical successes, will be detailed.

Keywords:

skin;
wound healing;
regeneration;
scaffold;
tissue engineering


The modeling of flood-induced bend scour near embankment toes can provide important information for river engineering, embankment safety warnings, and emergency action management. During the rainy seasons, short-term general scour and bend scour are the most common causes for the failure of reinforced concrete embankments in Taiwan. To gain a deeper understanding of the scouring process near embankment foundations, this study proposed a straightforward and practical method for bend scour simulation. The proposed simulation method is subdivided into three stages: two-dimensional flow simulation, general scour estimation, and bend scour estimation. A new bend scour computation equation is proposed and incorporated into a two-dimensional hydraulic finite-volume model for simulating the evolution of bend scour depth around embankment toes. The proposed method is applied to simulate the temporal evolution of bend scouring near the Shuideliaw Embankment on the Cho-Shui River in Taiwan, where serious failure occurred during the June 2012 monsoon. Field data were gathered using the numbered-brick technique at the Shuideliaw Embankment to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method. The results of the bend scour simulations compared reasonably well with field measurements, indicating close agreement in terms of water levels and bend scour depths near the Shuideliaw Embankment. The proposed method was found to quickly estimate the maximum short-term general scour and bend scour depths for further enhancement of the safety of the embankment toe.


Objective
To compare the clinical effect of the small bone flap craniotomy and traditional craniotomy in the treatment of elderly patients with hypertensive striatocapsular hemorrhage.

Methods
According to the digital table, 80 patients with hypertensive striatocapsular hemorrhage were randomly divided into control group and treatment group, 40 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated with small bone flap craniotomy, and the control group was treated with traditional craniotomy. The operative incision length, intraoperative blood loss, operation time, hematoma clearance rate, rebleeding rate, GCS score, postoperative pulmonary infection rate and GOS score in the 1 month after treatment were compared between the two groups.

Results
The operative incision length, intraoperative blood loss, operative time, GCS score after 1 week, pulmonary infection of the treatment group were(7.0±1.5)cm, (100±35)mL, (1.5±0.6)h, (12.5±1.4), 25.0%, respectively, which of the control group were(18.0±4.5)cm, (500±85)mL, (2.2±0.8)h, (10.5±1.1), 47.5%, respectively, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(t=303.791, P=0.000; t=244.467, P=0.000; t=24.366, P=0.003; t=3.294, P=0.031; χ2=4.381, P=0.036). The hematoma clearance rate, rebleeding rate of the treatment group were 90.0%, 7.5%, respectively, which of the control group were 85.0%, 10.0%, respectively, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups(χ2=0.457, P=0.499; χ2=0.157, P=1.692). The prognosis of the patients in the treatment group was significantly better than those in the control group(Z=-2.022, P=0.043).

Conclusion
The small bone flap craniotomy in the treatment of hypertensive striatocapsular hemorrhage has the advantages of less trauma, shorter operative time, less intraoperative bleeding, high hematoma clearance rate, low rebleeding rate, low complication rate and good prognosis.

Key words:
Intracranial hemorrhage, hypertensive; Basal ganglia; Surgical procedures, minimally invasive; Craniotomy


Background and aims—Integrin αvβ6 is highly expressed on certain activated epithelia, where it mediates attachment to fibronectin and serves as coreceptor for the activation of latent TGFβ1. Since its role in liver fibrosis is unknown, we studied αvβ6 function in vitro and explored the antifibrotic potential of the specific αvβ6 antagonist EMD527040. Methods—Experimental liver fibrosis was studied in rats after bile duct ligation (BDL) and in MDR2(abcb4)-/mice. Different doses of EMD527040 were given to rats from week 2 to 6 after BDL and to Mdr2-/mice from week 4 to 8. Liver collagen was quantified and expression of αvβ6 and fibrosis related transcripts were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. αvβ6 expressing cells, bile duct proliferation and apoptosis were assessed histologically. The effect of EMD527040 on cholangiocyte adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis and TGFβ1 activation was studied in vitro. Results—αvβ6 was highly expressed on proliferating bile duct epithelia in fibrosis, with 100fold increased transcript levels in advanced fibrosis. EMD527040 attenuated bile ductular proliferation and peribiliary collagen deposition by 40-50%, induced downregulation of fibrogenic and upregulation of fibrolytic genes, and improved liver architecture and function. In vitro αvβ6 inhibition reduced activated cholangiocyte proliferation, their adhesion to fibronectin and endogenous activation of TGFβ1 by 50% but did not affect bile duct apoptosis. Conclusions—Integrin αvβ6 is strongly upregulated in proliferating bile duct epithelia and drives fibrogenesis via adhesion to fibronectin and auto/paracrine TGFβ1 activation. Pharmacological inhibition of αvβ6 potently inhibits the progression of primary and secondary biliary fibrosis. © 2008 The American Gastroenterological Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Corresponding author: Detlef Schuppan, MD, PhD, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, phone: 617-6672371, 617-6678337, fax: 617-6672767, firstname.lastname@example.com. Conflict of interest/financial disclosures: none to be declared Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Gastroenterology. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 November 23. Published in final edited form as: Gastroenterology. 2008 August ; 135(2): 660–670. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.04.009.


The three major fields of late rice in Poyang County were tested,comparing insect occurrence amount between test area with solar energy insecticidal lamp and non-test area. The results showed solar energy insecticidal lamp could kill lots of adult insects,and decrease dosage of late rice.


The present paper considers power comparison between two sample Adaptive tests and traditional non parametric tests in the field of location problem. In the proposed approach it is shown by MonteCarlo simulation study, that the Adaptive tests are superior to the other existing competitors in terms of both robustness of size and power.


The invention relates to a dispersion method for a filling material in a rubber solution. The dispersion method comprises the following steps: adding the filling material into the rubber solution and carrying out stirring so as to form a rubber/filling material/solvent mixture; and subjecting the rubber/filling material/solvent mixture to further fine dispersion and refined dispersion so as to improve the dispersion degree of the filling material in the rubber solution. Compared with dispersing performance obtained in a conventional wet rubber compounding technology, the filling material has a high dispersion degree in a rubber compound according to the invention; and the dispersion method provided by the invention has the advantages of a continuous process, high efficiency, low energy consumption and little manual work, so cost is low. Meanwhile, a masterbatch prepared by using the method has superior processing performance, physical and mechanical properties and product quality.


To obtain hybrids resistant to root-knot nematodes of tomato,breeding line "5678161" carrying Mi-1 gene sensitive to temperature was used as the female parent and wild tomato "LA2823" carrying Mi-3 gene insensitive to temperature was used as the male parent.Ten hybrid lines were obtained by embryo rescuing method.Its realities were identified by sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) method.Ten plants with Mi-1 gene and one plant both with Mi-1 gene and Mi-3 gene were selected out by using primers specific to Mi-1 gene and Mi-3 gene.


When the positive column of a helium glow discharge is irradiated with intense 5016 A (21S−31P) light, the population of the 31P state can be markedly increased without affecting the discharge parameters. The resulting enhancement of radiation from the n=3 states allows an upper limit of 4×10−17 cm2 to be placed on the cross section for transfer of excitation by neutral collision in the reaction He(31P)+He→He(33P)+He. This is to be compared on the one hand to reported values ranging from 1.3 to 7.8 times the gas‐kinetic cross section, 1.5×10−15 cm2, and on the other to a different interpretation of similar experimental results that does not require the above reaction with its violation of the Wigner spin‐conservation rule.


Among the many challenges presented by the future ATLAS detector at the LHC are the high data taking rate and volume and the derivation of a rapid trigger decision with limited resources. To address this challenge within the ATLAS second level trigger system, a Region-of-Interest mechanism has been adopted which dramatically reduces the relevant fiducial volume necessary to be readout and processed to small regions guided by the hardware-based first level trigger. Software has been developed to allow fast translation between arbitrary geometric regions and identifiers of small collections of the event data. This facilitates on-demand data retrieval and collection building. The system is optimized to minimize the amount of data transferred and unnecessary building of complex objects. Details of the design and implementation are presented along with preliminary performance results.


Western thought has changed considerably over the centuries. As assumptions about knowledge shifts, fields of practice are affected. This article reviews critical epistemological developments and the implications for the field of ADR.


Role of lipid peroxidation (LP) in alcoholic liver injury (ALI) is still controversial. The authors have previously described a rat model which produced the sequential injury from alcoholic fatty liver to liver necrosis and fibrosis. In the present study, the authors have examined the degree of LP and GSH/GSSG ratio in the liver to investigate whether the LP can be identified in an early stage of progressive ALI. Six pairs of male Wistar rats were continuously infused intragastrically for 30 days with a high fat diet (25% total calories) plus either ethanol or isocaloric amount of dextrose. Following intoxication, the content of diene conjugates in mitochondrial and microsomal lipids as well as the liver GSH/GSSG ratio were determined by the diene difference spectrum and fluorometry, respectively. The UV absorption at 234nm by mitochondrial lipid from alcoholic rats (0.668 +/- 0.023 OD/mg) was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of controls (0.977 +/- 0.102 OD/mg). The microsomal lipid, however, exhibited a similar absorbance in the two groups (0.986 +/- 0.086 vs 1.149 +/- 0.091 OD/mg0. Similarly, no difference in the ratio of GSH/GSSG was found (6.05 +/- 0.27 vs 5.35 +/- 0.44). These results do not support a concept that LP ismore » an important pathogenetic factor for the progression of alcoholic fatty liver to liver necrosis.« less


The symmetry of the rotation-vibration spectra for linear triatomic molecules is described by means of the group U(5).The rotation-vibration levels of linear triatomic molecules NCN and COS are calculated.The infrared absorption line intensities are calculated for the molecule COS.The results are in good agreement with the experimental values.


The current situation and developing trend of laser welding research work in the world is discussed with an emphasis on the laser welding equipments, laser welding processes, its theoretical basis, and the detection and control of laser welding quality.


This experiment is designed as a class project where students gather data individually and then analyze the data via writing a simple computer program.


Geraldine Paolini EVALUATING THE WEB SITES OF COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARIES IN NEW JERSEY FOR HISPANIC ACCESSIBILITY 2005 Dr. Marilyn Shontz Master of Arts in School and Public Librarianship A library's web site can be an important out reach service for Hispanic patrons. Many county libraries in New Jersey, however, may not have web sites that are easily accessible to Hispanics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate New Jersey county public library web sites to determine if selected access criteria were present. Using a researcher designed criteria checklist, content, language, organization & navigation and services were examined. The existence of these criteria were used to determine if public library web sites provided adequate access for Hispanic patrons. The sample and population consisted of 20 county library, or their equivalent, web sites in New Jersey. Salem County was not included in this study. Results showed that most of the criteria were not present on the majority of the web sites studied. The criterion found most commonly on these public library web sites was the availability of a Spanish-language database. Two of the criteria that were found the least were a Spanish web site that mirrored the English version and a language link that was located in a clearly visible area of the home page. Libraries A and M had the highest frequency counts for all criteria among the 20 web sites that were examined.


We are in very deep trouble. This is not the pompous royal "we", nor is it the "we" which may embrace our families, fellow citizens, or even our groupings of nations. It is the "we" of the human species — the universal, collective "we", past, present and future. For the first time "survival", as well as "development", is the focus of international social work meetings. Survival is obviously a necessary but, as social workers especially know, certainly not a sufficient condition of human well‐being. The prophets of impending doom multiply in our midst, sometimes peddling their own particular brand of salvation, more often spreading cynicism and despair, foreshadowing a likely future that we do not want to know about or take responsibility for. "The future is no longer what it used to be" captures the current mood and reality.


Discloses a cutting element earth-boring tool, the cutting element comprises the volume of the substrate on one end of the polycrystalline diamond material. The volume of polycrystalline diamond material includes a substantially conical surface, a tip, and a cutting plane, from the second position of the cutting plane at least substantially near the tip of the extended position closer to the first side of the substrate surface. Also disclosed is a method of manufacturing such cutting element.


The invention relates to an outdoor multifunctional informationization application terminal integrated with a security system, and belongs to the field of electromechanical technology. The terminal is composed of a processor, a card reader, a piece of video collection equipment, a piece of intercom equipment, a piece of alarm equipment, a display, a radiating device, and an emergency power supply device. The processor is electrically connected with the card reader, the video collection equipment, the intercom equipment, the alarm equipment, the display, the radiating device and the emergency power supply device. The display is equipped with a plurality of buttons which are electrically connected with the processor. The beneficial effects are as follows: the terminal complies with the characteristics of the regulation work process, has powerful functions, and is simple to operate and easy to use, and the interaction between the inside and outside of a monitoring room enables the police to interact with supervised personnel more securely; the radiating device radiates heat of the center processor and other equipment to prevent the internal temperature from being too high; and the emergency power supply device is opened automatically to supply power to the terminal after the power supply is switched off abnormally, and power supply can last 5-10 hours.


Quickly developing industrialization is one of the significant benefactors of natural contamination as it presents awful difficulties for the earth and the ordinary citizens. Biological synthesis of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) atthe presence of the aqueous leaf extract of Celosia argentea, funtioned as the reducing and capping agent. In this research study, we are reportthe synthesis of the AgNPs with the optimized experimental parameters at the pH. Formation of the AgNPs was confirmed by the UV-Visible spectroscopy and FT-IR analysis. The structural characterization was carried using the SEM-EDX, providing the size of the nanoparticles to be 50-80 nm. The AFM showed the spherical surface topology, the zeta potential whereas, particle size analysis showed stability and the average size was determined to be 50 nm.


Buchanan concludes by returning to the central role voters play in this process, questioning why voters do not use their power to caU candidates to account more often. The answer he offers is that the "civic dispositions" of the voters/citizens does not give them a sense that they are "stakeholders" in this process, and so they often faÃ1⁄4 to exercise the power at their disposal. The typical voter response is "exit, not voice." This "thin civic programming" leads to a minimalist, not a robust conception of the role of the citizen in a democracy, but "We are dealing here with socialization effects, not intrinsic limitations" (165). Thus, the author suggests an "alternative civic programming," one that relies on only a relatively smaU number of voters "initiaUy perhaps no more that the 5 to 10 percent that has been the typical margin of victory in recent presidential elections" (167), to reinvigorate citizen power. This valuable and chaUenging book forces us to reexamine the role of the citizen in a political democracy in a way that both blames and praises the citizen. Buchanan offers hope for improving the presidential selection process by offering hope for a more meaningful form of political democracy, one in which the voter takes control and "forces" candidates to abandon the Nixon Credo in favor of more meaningful and viable forms of democratic campaigning.


Palestinians have long been using social media as a tool for activism. Each platform provides unique socio-technological affordances that shape users' communicative practices as networked publics. Focusing on the video-sharing platform TikTok, which has taken a "serious turn" in recent years, this article examines how Palestinian users performed playful acts of resistance during the escalation of violence between Palestinians and Israelis in May 2021. Applying a multimodal analysis to 500 TikTok videos posted during the conflict under #gazaunderattack, we identify three memetic templates (#challenge)—(1) lip-syncing, (2) duets, and (3) point-of-view—that unfold the ways TikTok's design and its play-based affordances ignite affective streams of audiovisual content that render playful activism in times of conflict. Driven by TikTok's culture of imitation and competition, playful activism enables the participation of ordinary users in political emerging events with the help of looping meme videos composed of collaborative, dialogic, and communal socio-technical functions. Playful activism transforms users' ritualized performances into powerful political instruments on TikTok and makes democratic participation more relatable, tangible, and accessible to various audiences.


This paper discusses the use of Evolving Personal Agent Environments as a potential solution to the problem of information overload as experienced in habitual Web surrng. Some rst experimental results on evolving user prooles using speciating hybrid GAs, the reasoning behind them and support for their potential application in mobile, wireless and location aware information devices are also presented. 1 Information Overload In everyday life, the Internet user is faced with the ever increasing problem of information overload, whether this occurs at home, at the workplace, or as will soon be happening, everywhere 1] 2]. The overwhelming information feed that computer users face leads to anxiety, strain, ineeciency and nally results in uninformed (or misinformed) and frustrated users 3] 4]. Continuously and increasingly Internet users are confronted with laborious and diicult tasks of information ltering and/or gathering, which are inherently computer-oriented processes and need not involve human labour. Moreover, the eeciency and speed with which computer systems may retrieve and process massive amounts of data actually exacerbates the problem of ineeectiveness in information ltering without user intervention. In our research programme, which we rst presented in 5], we aim to solve the information overload problem arising from habitual surrng, with a focus on mobility, Wireless Information Devices (WIDs) and privacy. Therefore moving away from the model of what is of interest to the user to the model of what is of interest to the user here and now. In 5], we surveyed recent eeorts at tackling the problem of information overload. Our view is that, as a means of achieving our goal, we need to research Evolving Personal Agent Environments (EPAE). The focus in this paper is on evolving individual user prooles, which form a vital part of the EPAE research. Thus we aim to describe and explain our deenition of user prooles in personal agent environments, and to support the 2 John Pagonis and Mark C. Sinclair motivation behind it. We also include an overview of our proposed research programme on EPAE and present some early experimental work on user proole evaluation and evolution.


Why is it that there are always these problems and misunderstandings between men and women? Surely it would have been better if God had made only one sort of person, and the children had come by some other means, with the rain perhaps. But if there were only one sort of person, would this person be more like a man than a woman? The answer was obvious, thought Mma Ramotswe. One hardly even had to think about it. Alexander McCall Smith, The Kalahari Typing School for Men28


Developing VR applications is a challenging and rewarding endeavor, complicated by the variety and complexity of the available VR platforms. Furthermore, efficiencies realized in a specific platform may be lost if the application is migrated to a different platform. In this paper, we introduce and investigate the common scene definition framework (CSDF), a modeling representation consisting of a superset of capabilities taken from a collection of existing VR platforms. The purpose of CSDF is to serve a quick prototype framework for synthesizing an interactive virtual environment for a particular platform while attempting to optimize the translation to leverage strengths of the target platform. In an implementation independent fashion, the CSDF is envisioned to extensibly represent all geometry, appearance, interaction, and behavior for a VR application. Finally, an example is provided for demonstration of these basic ideas among the VRML 1.0, VRML97 and Java3D platforms.


The plantation is divided into many small plots. The size of each plot is not uniform because of the existence of hundreds of swamps, ravine and small streams. The field varies from being level to having a slope of slightly less than 10% (Mohamed, 1986). The majority of the fields are sandy and root zone is shallow; mostly less than one and a half meters. To get a more detailed classification of the soils, the FELDA Agricultural Service Corporation was hired to make a detail soil study. Chemical and particles size analysis from 35 soil profiles spread over' the sugarcane area were made. Nine soil series were identified in the plantation, with four series: Shallow Chuping, Lunas, Pokok Sena, and Nami are in about 70% of the area (Table I). The results of the particle size analysis, showed that the texture of these


This manuscript summarizes the various herbal plants used in the treatment of arthritis. Herbal medicines are popular within the vast majority of the world's population as remedies for diseases. The medicinal plants have great economic value all over the world. A very rich botanical wealth has been given to us by nature and a vast number of different types of plants grow in different parts of the world. There is significant evidence that plant extracts have the ability to grow into agents that can be used in disease prevention or treatment therapies. The manuscript focuses on the detailing of rheumatoid arthritis with their etiology and pathogenesis. It summarizes the herbal plants and their active constituent used in the management of rheumatoid arthritis and also summarizes the patent list related to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In recent years the several medicinal plants are determined which shows the anti-arthritic function.


This study aims to determine the effect of the money supply and the exchange rate of foreign trade on inflation in Indonesia. This study concludes that the money supply has a positive and significant influence on inflation. The foreign trade exchange rate has a negative relationship to inflation, but the effect is not statistically significant. For further research it is recommended to add other independent variables that are related and take into account the exchange rate of foreign trade according to the group of goods.


Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a family of ubiquitous metal enzymes catalyzing the reversible conversion of CO2 and H2O to HCO3− with the release of a proton. They play an important role in pH regulation and in the balance of body fluids and are involved in several functions such as homeostasis regulation and cellular respiration. For these reasons, they have been studied as targets for the development of agents for treating several pathologies. CA inhibitors have been used in therapy for a long time, especially as diuretics and for the treatment of glaucoma, and are being investigated for application in other pathologies including obesity, cancer, and epilepsy. On the contrary, CAs activators are still poorly studied. They are proposed to act as additional (other than histidine) proton shuttles in the rate-limiting step of the CA catalytic cycle, which is the generation of the active hydroxylated enzyme. Recent studies highlight the involvement of CAs activation in brain processes essential for the transmission of neuronal signals, suggesting CAs activation might represent a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other conditions characterized by memory impairment and cognitive problems. Actually, some compounds able to activate CAs have been identified and proposed to potentially resolve problems related to neurodegeneration. This review reports on the primary literature regarding the potential of CA activators for treating neurodegeneration-related diseases.


The optimal parameters for ultrasonic treatment (frequency 200–300 kHz, intensity 2–4 W cm−2) were obtained to intensify Pb(II) and Cd(II) sorption concentration by carbon sorbent from apricot pit. The combined action of ultrasonic frequency of 18 kHz and 1 MHz on concentrate slurry increases its sedimentation stability from 3 to 180 minutes and decreases Sr value up to 7% at Pb(II), Cd(II) hybrid sorption atomic absorption determination in natural waters, brines, common salt.


The yam ( Dioscorea sp. ) is a vegetable with expressive world-wide consumption and is considered alternative culture in expansion. The yam flour can be added to the one of wheat for bread manufacture or can be used in several products. The present work had as objective to evaluate the behavior of yam flour stored in different packings, during a period of storage of 60 days. The samples had been stored in plastic packings of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and Polyethylene Tereftalate (PET), and had been kept to the ambient temperature. Analyses had been carried through of humidity, leached ashes, protein, activity of water, total and 45°C coliforms, aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeasts and molds, in the day of the processing and during all the period of storage, with interval of 30 days. The results had demonstrated that the LDPE packing if presented less efficient in the conservation of the yam flour during the storage time, resulting in less satisfactory values of physical-chemical and microbiological tests, while the packaging of HDPE and PET have kept better product quality.


Due to the common sources of emissions of both air quality pollutants and greenhouse gases, management measures directed at one category of emissions are likely to positively impact the other. Through the local air quality management (LAQM) process, local authorities are required to monitor and measure specified air pollutants, the sources of which are also common to the primary sources of carbon emissions at a local level. This research tracks the progression of local authority management of carbon emissions and examines the barriers and opportunities for the integration of carbon emissions into the LAQM process. Results are triangulated from three core research methods deployed in South West England: a time series of local authority questionnaire surveys; secondary data analysis of active Air Quality Action Plans; and case study interviews of six local authorities in the region. The research concludes that the absence of statutory targets for carbon emission reductions remains a substantial barrier for local authority carbon management initiatives. However, in order to utilise scarce resources in the most efficient manner, local authorities should draw upon the existing skill set of their Air Quality Officers.


Use improve the stability austenitic stainless steels and ferritic-martensitic grades. Create ferromagnetic layers paramagnetic matrix, dielectric and resistive layers on substrates with different structural materials. Abstract The aim of the work was to investigate structural changes of oxide protective based on MgO, Al 2 O 3 , and TiO 2 layers. Structural and thermophysical stability of the coatings was investigated by both the scanning electron microscope (SEM) REMMA-102-02 and an infrared camera (SC7600). The oxide layers were applied by the method of ion- plasma spraying. Surface topography was investigated by the atomic-force microscope Solver P47-PRO. The dielectric layers MgO and Al 2 O 3 deposited on the substrates made of 40H13 and AMg 2 alloys had lower defectiveness and higher stability of their thermophysical properties.


Introduction: Cervical spine injuries were the most common problem nowadays that many people experiencing due to high-intensity trauma. In contrast, substantial heterogeneity and lack of data exist among clinical spine trauma epidemiological studies limiting the ability to compare and pool data. The most common mechanism of injury is usually motor vehicle accidents. However, its patient-centered characterisation and quantification are lacking. Materials and Methods: Incidence and characteristics of cervical spine injury were identified in the tertiary care hospital of Delhi. Fifty-six cervical spine injuries admitted patients among all 228 spinal trauma patients who presented in the orthopaedic trauma emergency registry were recruited in this study. Results: There were 56 subjects identified (8.53%) with cervical spine injury admitted per further evaluation. Among these, 85.7% were male. Mainly age group involve is 20–40 year (median age – 24 year), mostly injured by road traffic accident (RTA) (35.7%). The cervical injury commonly has upper, and subaxial vertebrae fractures and anterolisthesis are much common than retrolisthesis. The hospital stay of listhesis patient is usually more than disc bulge patients. Halovent application is more common in the upper cervical (c1–c2), like anterior cervical plating with dissectomy is common in disc bulge cervical patients. Conclusion: Cervical spinal injury is associated with RTA in the young age group. A head injury like trauma should take into consideration in every cervical patient. Early management with better operative techniques can decrease hospital stay and increase the recovery rate of patients.


1. Introduction 1.1. What is the Philosophy of Social Science? The Democratic Peace Azande Witchcraft Freedom Riders and Free Riders Philosophy in the Social Sciences 1.2. A Tour of the Philosophical Neighborhood Normativity Naturalism Reductionism Excelsior! 2. Objectivity, Values, and the Possibility of a Social Science 2.1. The Ideal of Value-Freedom The United States Census Dimensions of Value-Freedom A Moderate Thesis of Value-Freedom 2.2. Impartiality and Theory Choice Risk and Error What About Objectivity? 2.3. Essentially Contested Ideas Value-Neutrality and Emancipatory Research Objection: Values and the Logic of Discovery Value Presuppositions and Implicatures 2.4. Wrap up Chapter Summary Discussion Questions Further Reading 3. Theories, Interpretations, and Concepts 3.1. Aggression, Violence, and Video Games 3.2. Defining theoretical concepts * The Empiricist View of Concepts and Theory Structure * Realism, Instrumentalism, and the Problem of Construct Validity 3.3. Interpretivism * Ideal Types and Verstehen * Hermeneutics and Meaning * Thick Description and its Challenges 3.4. Realism and Social Concepts * Social Constructions * Realism about Social Kinds * Looping Effects 3.5. Wrap up * Chapter Summary * Discussion questions * Further Reading 4. Interpretive Methodology 4.1. Evidence for Interpretation * Qualitative Research Methods and Their Presuppositions * Authority and Authenticity * Reflexivity 4.2. Rationality, Explanation, and Interpretive Charity * The Problem of Apparent Irrationality * Relativism and Rationality * The Principle of Charity 4.3. Cognition, Evolution, and Interpretation * Bounded and Unbounded Rationality * Cognitive Roots of Culture * Interpretation and Cognitive Explanation * The New Questions of Naturalism 4.4. Wrap up * Chapter Summary * Discussion questions * Further Reading * Notes to Chapter 4 5. Action and Agency 5.1. Explaining Action * Admiral Tryon and Instrumental Rationality * The Function of General Laws in History * Reasons and Causes * Re-enactment: Verstehen Revisited 5.2. The Games People Play * Rationality and Utility * Games and Strategies * Equilibria * Nash Equilibria and the Battle of the Bismarck Sea * Multiple Equilibria and Coordination Problems 5.3. Agency * The Psychological Plausibility of Rational Choice Theory * Rational Fools? * Game Theory in the Laboratory * Instrumentalism and Structuralism 5.4. Wrap up * Chapter Summary * Discussion questions * Further Reading 6. Reductionism: Structures, Agents, and Evolution 6.1. Explaining Revolutions 6.2. Social Theory and Social Ontology * The Individualism-Holism Debate * Definition and Theoretical Reduction * Supervenience * Methodological Localism 6.3. Agents and Social Explanations * Methodological Individualism * Microfoundations and Moderate Explanatory Individualism * Agency and Mechanistic Explanation 6.4. Evolutionary Explanations * Functions in Evolutionary Perspective * Selectionist Explanations of Cooperation and the Evolution of Norms * Consequences of Selectionism for the Social Sciences 6.5. Wrap up * Chapter Summary * Discussion questions * Further Reading 7. Social Norms 7.1. Disenchanting the social world * Is and Ought * Normativism * Good Bad Theories 7.2. Norms and Rational Choices * Convention * Conventionality and Normativity * Social Norms 7.3. Normativity and Practice * Norms and practices * Problems for Practice Theory * Practices Without Regularities 7.4. Reductionism and Naturalized Normativity * Normativism and Holism * Norms, Naturalism, and Supervenience * Prospects for Naturalized Normativity 7.5. Wrap up * Chapter Summary * Discussion questions * Further Reading 8. Intentions, Institutions, and Collective Action 8.1. Agency and Collective Intentionality * Team Reasoning * Joint Commitment * Group agency 8.2. Joint Intentionality * Cooperation Again: Ontogeny and Development * Plans and Joint Intentions * We-intentions and the We-mode * Acting as a Group Member 8.3. Intentions and Institutions * The Strange Tale of the Druid Penny * Function and Rules in Institutions * Explaining Social Institutions 8.4. Wrap up * Chapter Summary * Discussion questions * Further Reading 9. Causality and Law in the Social World 9.1. The Democratic Peace Hypothesis 9.2. Are There Social Scientific Laws? * Characteristics of Natural Laws * Creativity and Complexity 9.3. Conceptualizing Causation * Constant Conjunction * Linear Equation Modeling and Causal Regularities * Interventionism * Capacities and Nomological Engines 9.4. Models and Mechanisms * Secret Springs and Principles * Correlations, Black Boxes, and Processes * Middle Range Theory and Agent-Based Models 9.5. Wrap up * Chapter Summary * Discussion questions * Further Reading 10. Methodologies of Causal Inference 10.1. Bayesian Networks and Causal Modeling * Confounds and Common Causes * Bayesian Inference * Challenges to Causal Modeling 10.2. Case Studies and Causal Structure * The Apparent Value of Case Studies * Epistemological Challenges of Case Studies * Justification and Discovery 10.3. Experimentation * What Can We Learn From Social Scientific Experimentation? * Quasi-Experiments and Randomized Controlled Trials 10.4. Extrapolation and Social Engineering * Evidence-based Policy * The FCC Auction * Breaking the Extrapolator's Circle * Performativity and Social Engineering 10.5. Wrap up * Chapter Summary * Discussion questions * Further Reading


Objective: The aim of the present study is to determine the incidence of Parotid gland lesions and study their morphology. Material and Method: A study of 60 cases of Parotid gland tumors from January 2012 to December 2014 was carried out in pathology department of our hospital. A tissue bit was taken after detailed clinical history and physical examination. After routine tissue processing and H & E staining, histopathological diagnosis was made. Results: Prevalence of salivary gland tumors in our study was 0.47 %. Benign salivary gland tumors comprised 71.6 % of all parotid gland tumors and malignant tumors accounted for 28.4 %. Pleomorphic adenoma was 46.67% and Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was11.67% of all Parotid gland neoplasms. Most of the benign neoplasms occurred in 3rd decade, while the malignant neoplasms more common in 5th decade. Males were more commonly affected than females. Conclusion: Parotid gland tumors are relatively less common and they exhibit a wide variety of microscopic appearances even within one particular lesion. Accurate diagnosis is essential as parotid gland neoplasms have diverse clinical and prognostic outcomes.


In this work, pH-sensitive and chromium-loaded mineralized nanoparticles (Cr-PPA NPs) were developed by self-assembly of poly (poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate-co-acrylic acid) (poly(PEG-co-AA)) copolymers templated Cr(OH)3 mineralization. The Cr-PPA NPs exhibit excellent colloidal stability in water with high salt concentration, protein, and pH above 3.0. As a novel chrome tanning agent, such Cr-PPA NPs could effectively protect and deliver chromium into pickled pelt without reacting with collagen fibers during the penetration process, due to its antifouling PEG surface and nanosize. When the interior pH of the pickled pelt was lower than 2.5, the dissolution of the mineralized Cr(OH)3 core would cause disassembly of Cr-PPA NPs and rapid release of Cr3+ ions, leading to uniform chromium distribution in leather. After basifying, the released Cr3+ ions would cross-link the carboxyl groups both on collagen fibers and poly(PEG-co-AA) copolymers, resulting in chromium adsorption efficiency in leath...


A large development, such as a new-town project has an impact on the urban spatial structure, which could influence the land use. The research aims at analyzing the change of urban configuration through ERAM model and verifying the relation between ERAM variables and the change of land use by observing distribution of commercial activities. From this research, three aspects appear remarkable. First, there is close relation between ERAM variables and the land use. That means commercial activities such as retail shops choose their locations in consideration of the centrality of the urban spatial structure. Second, the new-town area has little relation between ERAM variables and the land use because the area has been planned without considering the whole city as one spatial structure. Last, commercial activities decreased in the old downtown areas, but those increased in the area that was the suburbs of the city. The reason IS that the new-town project has moved the centrality from the old towns to new areas.


The aim of AHKME is to provide students and teachers an e-learning platform with adaptive features and knowledge management facilities, where students will have quality education contents that fit their characteristics, previous knowledge and learning styles and teachers will have authoring tools to define learning methods with adaptive features along with evaluation of learning objects. AHKME main goal is to be an open tool, with independence of the knowledge domain and type of users, which differentiates between educative contents and learning processes. To accomplish this objective, and guarantee reusability and interoperability of its educative elements, the System structures its semantic elements following the IMS specifications.


This month we're featuring 3 favorite oils and 3 refreshing balsamic condimentos. The Japanese Roasted Sesame doesn't go on sale often, so now's the time to stock up.


The success of STEM implementation in primary and secondary schools is greatly influenced by the role and expertise of the teacher. In the Indonesian context, not many universities have STEM centers yet. This paper wants to describe the STEM education design for pre-service science teachers at Universities. The method used was a Focus Group Discussion from several researchers with backgrounds in physics, chemistry, and biology across universities. The results of the study show the importance of developing STEM education programs in certain subjects, applying STEM learning to pedagogical practices, open courses that specifically train, develop STEM teaching for pre-service teachers and build the STEM center. This study concludes the importance of an integrated program between preparing STEM education at universities and implementing STEM in the field.


In optical wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) systems in order to reduce dispersion various dispersion compensating techniques are used. Dispersion can also be controlled by selecting proper modulation format for the input data. RZ Super Gaussian pulse can be used to control dispersion than simple RZ Gaussian pulse because RZ Super Gaussian pulse has less dispersion problem. In this paper the performance of the RZ Super Gaussian pulse is evaluated for Conventional WDM systems and Dense WDM systems having pre, post and symmetrical dispersion compensating techniques. The pulse width i.e. FWHM of the RZ Super Gaussian pulse was varied from 5ps to 15ps to evaluate the performance at 40 Gb/s. The experiment showed that for Conventional WDM system pulse width of 10ps and 12.5 ps are most efficient because BER is very less for these pulse widths and recommended to be used. For Dense WDM system pulse width of 5 ps and 7.5ps are most efficient and recommended to be used.


logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (as an estimate of the adjusted relative risk). Initial models fitted to test the effect of group assignment were adjusted only for the randomization period. Subsequent statistical modeling also adjusted for sex and the number of adenomas at the base-line colonoscopy (both of which are strong predictors of the risk of recurrence) and factors that were found to be signifi- cantly different between groups at base line. The significance of the treatment effect was assessed with the Wald statistic.


Chapter 1: Take the Lab Once and Pass. Chapter 2: Terminal Servers. Chapter 3: ISDN. Chapter 4: Frame-Relay. Chapter 5: Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). Chapter 6: Routing Information Protocol. Chapter 7: Interior Gateway Routing Protocol. Chapter 8: OSPF. Chapter 9: Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol. Chapter 10: Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Chapter 11: Route Redistribution. Chapter 12: IP Access Lists. Chapter 13: Policy-Based Routing. Chapter 14: Cisco Discovery Protocol. Chapter 15: Network Address Translation (NAT). Chapter 16: Hot Standby Router Protocol. Chapter 17: Network Time Protocol. Chapter 18: Novell IPX. Chapter 19: AppleTalk. Chapter 20: Catalyst 5000 Switches. Chapter 21: Loading the IOS Image on a Router. Chapter 22: Cisco Password Recovery. Chapter 23: HTTP Access with a Cisco Router. Chapter 24: Bridging and DLSW. Chapter 25: IPSec. Chapter 26: Voice. Chapter 27: MPLS.


The purpose of this study is to determine the best customer from the customer loyalty indicator which will measure the extent to which customer loyalty is formed by the company's efforts. So that other customers become more motivated from the rewards given by the company for determining the best customer. The best customer decision support system assists companies in automation and computerization in determining the best customers based on criteria set by the company. The results of data collection obtained the criteria used in determining the best customer, namely total payments, purchase frequency, and type of payment. The results for determining the best customer for rank 1 were obtained by a customer named Sri Widianingsih with a final score of 3.04. Rank 2 was obtained by a customer with the name Ahmad Budiantoro with a final score of 2.9175. Rank 3 is obtained by a customer with the name Kusumaningrum with a final score of 2.5975.


Holcocerus hippophaecolus exists in many areas and has become serious disaster in recent years.In order to expound and research this phenomenon and its mechanism further,six years' observation and research were carried out in the pest disaster regions of Ordos City,Inner Mongolia and Jianping County,Liaoning Province separately from year 2001.Investigation revealed that Hippophae rhamnoides growing in ditch,reservoir and flood land had strong power to resist the disaster.Six years of observation and research show that the factor influencing the resistance of H.rhamnoides to H.hippophaecolus is not the soil fertility but the soil moisture.Adequate water and fertilizer can enhance photosynthesis and the stocks of protein and other nutrients,also can reduce sugar and other simple compounds,C/N ratio decline,Na~+/K~+ ratio imbalance and the body temperature of tree drops.The results indicate that the resistance mechanism is the combined results of a series of antibiotic factors,which are induced by soil moisture.


Introduction: Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasm with adverse prognosis characterized by bone marrow (BM) fibrosis and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Fibronectin (FN) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that plays vital roles during tissue repair and regeneration. It exists in different forms. Plasma FN is synthesized by hepatocytes and secreted into the blood plasma, where circulates at a concentration of 300-600 μg/ml in a soluble, compact form. Differently, cellular FN is synthesized by several cell types, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, chondrocytes and myocytes. The alternative splicing of EDA and EDB and more complex splicing of the V domain, during transcription of FN1 gene, allows different isoforms of FN to be expressed in a tissue-dependent and temporally regulated manner. Very low levels (1.3-3 μg/ml) of FN containing EDA and/or EDB are present in plasma. Although its function is not well understood, EDA containing FN (EDA-FN) is known to agonize Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), resulting in NF-κβ-dependent cytokine release; to induce myofibroblast differentiation during wound healing; and to increase agonist-induced platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in vivo. We previously showed that EDA-FN levels are increased in plasma and BM biopsies of PMF patients. Mechanistically, BM EDA-FN sustains megakaryocyte proliferation through TLR4 binding and confer a pro-inflammatory phenotype to cell niches promoting fibrosis progression in Romiplostim-treated mice. In this work we measured the plasma levels of EDA-FN in 104 well characterized patients with PMF to determine whether elevated levels of EDA-FN predict the occurrence of disease-related events.
 Methods: Plasma circulating EDA FN was measured with an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay developed at the University of Pavia, by our group. We obtained plasma EDA-FN concentration values and health care data of persons with PMF from the data-base of the Centre for the Study of Myelofibrosis at the IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation in Pavia. We sequentially excluded persons treated with disease-modifying drugs at any time before or on the date of base-cohort entry, and those who had been splenectomized or had received a stem cell transplant. We also excluded persons with acute inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, other neoplasms, and severe liver or renal dysfunction. For this study we selected everyone giving written informed consent and the study was approved by the local Ethic Committee. Immunofluorescence was performed on spleen sections from PMF patients who underwent splenectomy either because of anemia or symptomatic splenomegaly, or both; and healthy controls that were splenectomized following traumatic lesion of the spleen. Data were analyzed using STATISTICA software.
 Results: A homozygous JAK2V617F genotype was the major determinant of elevated plasma EDA-FN. Elevated EDA-FN levels were associated with anemia, increased levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, BM fibrosis and splanchnic vein thrombosis at diagnosis. We interpreted these associations as reflecting the role EDA-FN plays in tissue remodeling, inflammation and vascular injury. Interestingly, EDA-FN levels resulted also associated with spleen size, and elevated levels of EDA-FN at diagnosis predicted large splenomegaly (more than 10 cm from the left costal margin) outcome. The evidence that plasma EDA-FN levels were not associated with the CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells mobilization, drove us to hypothesize that EDA-FN could reflect spleen endothelial cell activation and/or neoangiogenesis. Immunofluorescence analysis of spleen specimens from PMF patients and healthy controls revealed that high levels of EDA-FN were present in pathological spleens in strong association with endothelial neoangiogenesis.
 Conclusions: Quantification of EDA-FN level in PMF strongly correlates with BM fibrosis and may be the first marker of an altered spleen microvasculature that contributes to splenomegaly. Understanding the role of this FN isoform in PMF would be useful for testing new mechanisms of disease progression and new hypotheses about the treatment of splenomegaly in PMF.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a prolactin-releasing factor which plays a significant physiological role in the regulation of PRL secretion, both by paracrine and autocrine mechanisms (5). Vasoactive intestinal peptide has been found widely distributed along the central nervous system, especially in the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. In the rat, VIP concentrations are much higher in pituitary portal blood than in peripheral blood, and it has been demonstrated that VIP is synthesized by the adenohypophysis, most probably by the lactotroph cells (I). Vasoactive intestinal peptide has been found in the normal human pituitary gland, and in human pituitary tumors, including PRL, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), and growth hormone (GH)-producing adenomas (3). In primary rat pituitary cell cultures, VIP release is stimulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRI-I) and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), but not by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRI-l) (4). Up to date, most of the studies regarding the physiology of pituitary VIP have been carried out in rats. Selective bilateral catheterization of the inferior petrosal sinuses (IPS) offers a unique opportunity to study the in viva hormone release in the vicinity of pituitary gland, providing direct and valuable information about the human pituitary environment. By this approach, petrosal-peripheral and interpetrosal gradients for ACTH and other pituitary hormones, especially PRL, have been demonstrated in pituitary dependent Cushing's disease (2). These plurihormonal gradients could be related to the paracrine action of several factors, including VIP, which might stimulate the hormonal secretion by the peritumoral pituitary tissue.


This paper presents fluid modeling and simulation of microchambers within microfluidic chip for immunoassay based biosensing applications. A microfluidic biosensor chip for fluorescence based immunoassay detection of biological elements should include suitably designed chambers with rinsing channels. Microfluidic chambers are necessary in holding and immobilizing enzymes onto the microfluidic surface. They function as center of interest for enzyme interactions and optical detection. It is also necessary to incorporate cleaning function into the micro-chambers to instigate reusability. The shape and size of the chamber is a crucial factor for sensitivity of the integrated biosensor as the optical detection unit would be placed at the top of the chamber. In the present work, combinations of chambers and channels with various geometries and sizes are simulated for rinsing flows. Chambers are analyzed for rinsing behavior under certain pressure drops between the inlet and outlet channels. Average velocity and flow contours are plotted and compared at different cross-sections within the chambers. Simulations are performed using FEM software, FEMLAB (Comsol, Inc., Burlington, MA). Optimized chambers are selected based on optimal rinsing, negligible slow zones without reverse flows, relatively simple geometry and low pressure drops.


In order to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and image quality, this paper introduces a wavelet-based multiscale anisotropic diffusion algorithm to remove speckle noise and enhance edges. In our algorithm, we use the tool of wavelet to construct a linear scale-space for the speckle image. Due to the smoothing functionality of the scaling function, the wavelet-based multiscale representation of the speckle image is much more stationary than the raw speckle image. Noise is mostly located in the finest scale and tends to decrease as the scale increases. Furthermore, a robust speckle reduction anisotropic diffusion (SRAD) is to be proposed and we perform the improved SRAD on the stationary scale-space rather than on the rough speckle image domain. Qualitative experiments based on a speckle Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image show the elegant characteristics of edge-preserving filtering versus the traditional adaptive filters. Quantitative analyses, based on the first order statistics and Equivalent Number of Looks, confirm the validity and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


Solar energy is emerging as a major source of renewable power in India due to government support. One of the key issues with renewable energy generation is that there is no generalized pricing method and each utility uses a different method for pricing energy. The proposed model gives a generalized method for determining energy price for generating companies, independent power producers, regulatory commissions etc. It incorporates both the economic and performance based factors related to power quality and reliability issues. Also a penalty for deviation from scheduled energy and CDM benefit are included in the model. The study explores average daily solar radiation and the power output of a typical solar generator of 20kW capacity operating in the state of TamilNadu, India. The model developed is applied to this 20kW solar generator for determining the electricity price. The co-relation between energy price and technical and economic parameters is explored. A comparison between the electricity price from the proposed model and the levelized cost is done.


Chapter 1 : I attempt a detailed literature review on the passage from the probabilistic versions of the Condorcet Jury Theorem to models augmented by the concept of strategic agents, including both theoretical and relevant empirical work. In the first part, I explore the most influential relevant game theoretic models and their main predictions. In the second part, I review what voting experiments have to say about these predictions, with a brief mention of the experiments' key methodological aspects. In the final part, I provide with an attempt to map the recent strategic voting literature in terms of structure and scope. I close with a philosophical question on the exogeneity of a "correct" choice of a voting outcome, which is inherent in the current strategic voting literature. Chapter 2 : I develop a two stage game with individually costly political action and costless voting on a binary agenda where, in equilibrium, agents rationally cast honest votes in the voting stage. I show that a positive but sufficiently low individual cost of political action can lead to a loss in aggregate welfare for any electorate size. When the individual cost of political action is lower than the signalling gain, agents will engage in informative political action. In the voting stage, since everyone's signal is revealed, agents will unanimously vote for the same policy. Therefore, the result of the ballot will be exactly the same as the one without prior communication, but with the additional aggregate cost of political action. However, when agents have heterogeneous prior beliefs, society is large and the state of the world is sufficiently uncertain, a moderate individual cost of political action can induce informative collective action of only a subset of the members of society, which increases ex ante aggregate welfare relative to no political action. The size of the subset of agents engaging in collective action depends on the dispersion of prior opinions. Chapter 3 : This chapter shows theoretically that hearing expert opinions can be a double-edged sword for decision making committees. We study a majoritarian voting game of common interest where committee members receive not only private information, but also expert information that is more accurate than private information and observed by all members. We identify three types of equilibria of interest, namely i) the symmetric mixed strategy equilibrium where each member randomizes between following the private and public signals should they disagree; ii) the asymmetric pure strategy equilibrium where a certain number of members always follow the public signal while the others always follow the private signal; and iii) a class of equilibria where a supermajority and hence the


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The mission and goals of the College of Family Physicians of Canada (CFPC) include championing high-quality health care for all Canadians, ensuring that the role of the family physician is well understood and widely valued, and being the voice of family medicine in Canada.

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The purpose of this research was to describe the third year students' ability in identifying the imageries on the poem "Halloween Night" and "Seasons" at English Department of Bung Hatta University. The researcher asked the students to identify the imageries on the poem "Halloween Night" and "Seasons" . The students should consider 2 aspects, they are; the ability to identify visual imagery, and the ability to identify auditory imagery on the poem "Halloween Night" and "Seasons" . The population of this study was the third year students of English Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education at Bung Hatta University in even semester. To select the sample the researcher used simple random sampling technique. The total numbers of sample are twenty (20) students. The data were collected by asking them to identify the imageries on the poem "Halloween night" and "Seasons" . To make the test reliable the researcher used product moment formula by using two scorers, before doing the real test the researcher did try out test. The total number of try out test was fifteen (15) students. The score of coefficient correlation of the test was 0.97 it was very high correlation. Generally, the result of this study showed that the third year students' ability in identifying the imageries on the poem "Halloween Night" and "Seasons" at English Department of Bung Hatta University was moderate. It could be seen that 60% students had moderate ability, 20% students had high ability and 20% students had low ability. In detail the percentages of each aspects in identifying the imageries were 60% students had moderate ability in identifying visual imagery, 75% students had moderate ability in identifying auditory imagery. Key Words: Ability, Imagery, Visual Imagery, Auditory Imagery, P oem


In this paper we make some computations in homological algebra using Grobner bases for modules over polynomials rings with coefficients in a Noetherian commutative ring. In particular, we show easy procedures for computing the Ext and Tor modules.


ABSTRACT Background knee osteoarthritis is considered as one of the most important causes of knee pain. Conventional noninvasive lines of treatment are several, including platelet-rich plasma (PRP) that has been revealed to be helpful in the management of knee osteoarthritis. The goal of this study is to appraise the PRP ultrasound-guided injection in the management of knee osteoarthritis. Settings and Design This study was a prospective randomised double blind study. Methods Sixty adult knee osteoarthritis patients were involved in the current study. They were randomly selected from the pain clinic Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University. There were two groups ultrasound-guided (USG) pulsed waves radiofrequency (PRF) ablation on genicular nerve (group 1) or intra-articular PRP (group 2) injection under ultrasonography (US)-guidance and articular surface RF ablation. Assessment was done applying visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain intensity. Functionally, WOMAC and IKDC scores were used at baseline and 6th month after injection. Results Intra-articular PRP (group 2) showed a significant improvement in pain severity and physical limitations in patients with knee pain. It also showed significant improvement compared to genicular nerve RF considering VAS score with p value (0.012*) up to 12 months follow up, WOMAC, IKDC scores with p value (<0.001*) up to 12 months and US joint assessment with p value (0.028*) up to 6 months follow up. Conclusion The use of US IA-PRP injection combined to pulsed radiofrequency ablation of articular surface show significant improvement in pain compared to the genicular nerve PRF.


Excerpt To the editor: The experience of Christopher and coworkers (1) using long-term oxygen therapy in 100 patients adds further credibility to the efficacy and safety of transtracheal oxygen del...


In the globalization and rapid industrial development times food safety assurance is one of the basic conditions for protection of public health. For this purpose knowledge and awareness of personal hygiene among food handlers were determined in one of the middle-sized meat processing plants. It was found out that food handlers are aware of personal hygiene, but do not always practice it. Were observed problems in inter – social relations and communication difficulties at all levels, which can influence on quality of work performed and consequently on food safety assurance. Awareness of importance of good hygiene practice is based upon sense and is not uniformed. Periodicall, thematicall and methodologicall adapted trainings are crucial for food safety.


This report explains the administrative and budget procedures of the rural health services in the Yagodnoye District of the Magadan Region. It briefly describes the administrative and budgeting planning relationships between the rural health district, the Magadan health region, and the USSR Department of Health, headquartered in Moscow. In the summary, recommendations for future exchange visits are made such as a program-focused approach.


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THE INTERACTIVE ENERGY BETWEEN VARIOUS BITUMEN AND STONE MATERIALS MAY BE OBTAINED BY MEASURING THE HEAT COLOURING WHICH BECOMES VISIBLE WHEN PARTICLES OF STONE ARE MOISTENED WITH MOLTEN BINDER MATERIAL. THE ENERGY WHICH IS SLOWLY FREED IN THE EXOTHERMIC INTERACTION MAY BE MEASURED WITH A SENSITIVE MICROCALORIMETER. TYPICAL MOISTURE CURVES AS WELL AS A TABLE OF THE RESULTS OF 40 MOISTENING EXPERIMENTS ARE PROVIDED. THE RESULTS OCCUR AT TEMPERATURES OF 130 DEG C AND 150 DEG C; THEY INDICATE EFFECTS UPON THE BITUMEN-STONE-INTERACTION WHICH ORIGINATE FROM THE WETTING TEMPERATURE, THE ADMIXTURE OF ADHESIVE AGENT AND BINDER, FROM THE SURFACE HANDLING OF THE STONE AND FROM THE PRESENCE OF ATMOSPHERIC ACID. THE DIFFERENCE OF THE INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTION ENERGY WITHIN BITUMEN AT TEMPERATURES OF 150 DEG C AND 200 DEG C CAN SIMILARLY BE ESTABLISHED BY USING A MICROCALORIMETER. THIS DIFFERENCE IS ATTRIBUTED TO THE FACT THAT BITUMEN AT 150 DEG C EXHIBITS STRONGER INTERNAL ASSOCIATIVE FORMATION THAN AT 200 DEG C. THE EVALUATION LEADS TO ASSUMPTIONS CONCERNING THE MECHANISM OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN BITUMEN AND STONE MATERIALS AS WELL AS WITHIN THE BITUMEN.


The waste water containing various chemicals drained from chemical factories has been known to give harmful effects on aquatic animals. Recently such troubles as the so-called water pollution have often occurred at the coastal area of Lake Biwa. The fresh-water cockle, Corbicula sandai, which is endemic to Lake Biwa, is one of the animals which are greatly affected by the water pollution,'), 2),3) The present investigation was undertaken to elucidate the mechanism of the terminal oxidation in the tissues of the fresh-water cockle, as a fundamental study on the effects of water pollution upon the aquatic animals. In the previous paper, the rate of endogenous respiration of various tissues and the effects of organic acids on the tissue respiration have been reported.'> This paper deals with the effects of inhibitors on the endogenous respiration of various tissues and the identification of cytochromes in the tissues of Corbicula sandai.