Two Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) models, the Kukaharets/Tsvang and the Kaimal models are used to obtain Cn2 profiles during daytime conditions for comparison with balloon-borne thermosonde measurements. Path averaged Cn2 measurements obtained on a 14 meter tower are used as inputs to the models. Values of ro2(coherence length) and 00 (isoplanatic angle) are calculated by integration of model expressions for Cn as a function of altitude. The VanZandt model is used to obtain ro and 00 conibutions from above the ABL. These are compared to values obtained by integration over the thermosonde Cn height profiles. Comparisons are also made to isoplanometer and MTF device measurements made near the ground.


Liquefied natural gas share in the world consumption of natural gas increases annually. Theoretically, the minimum expenditure of energy to produce LNG in amount 1 kg is 0,26 ... 0,29 kWh from the initial state at standard conditions. It is advisable to use the potential energy, which is lost when gas reduces from main pipeline pressure to distributive pipeline pressure at gas stations for LNG production. The Ukrainian gas transportation system has significant energy reserves in the form of gas excess pressure that is delivered to consumers at low pressure - 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 MPa. Low-tonnage LNG plants that operate through pressure drop could be constructed on many of more than 1,500 gas-distribution stations. The LNG production process flowsheet at gas-distribution stations on the base of expander cycle with production stream recirculation is proposed. In conventional expander schemes liquefaction coefficient does not exceed 14 % and the cost of gas purification system from carbon dioxide can make up 40-60% of plant cost. Due to the fact that production flow is closed in provided scheme, the costs of gas purification from CO2 can be reduced by 7-10 times. The optimal ratios of production and technological flows that are within 0,16-0,25 and depending on the pressure in the main (from 3,5 to 5,5 MPa) and distributive (0,3 to 0,6 MPa) pipelines has been determined. At these ratios, gas liquefaction is carried out with no additional energy outlay. In order to exclude the possibility of carbon dioxide crystallization after gas expansion in expander, CO2 crystallization temperatures in natural gas with CO2 percentage up to 2 % are calculated using software system HYSYS. It is shown that by using the main gas at temperature 15 °C and pressure from 3,5 to 5,5 MPa, the gas temperature after expansion to pressure in distribution network 0,3 and 0,6 MPa exceeds the calculated CO2 crystallization temperature. Thus, carbon dioxide removal of technological stream is not required. The reliability of calculations in software system HYSYS has been confirmed by comparison with experimental data for hydrocarbon systems containing carbon dioxide.


This paper proposes a hybrid Zeigler-Nichols (Z-N) fuzzy reinforcement learning MAS (Multi-Agent System) approach for online tuning of a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller in order to control the flow rate of a desalination unit. The PID gains are set by the Z-N method and then are adapted online through the fuzzy Q-learning MAS. The fuzzy Q-learning is introduced in each agent in order to confront with the continuous state-action space. The global state of the MAS is defined by the value of the error and the derivative of error. The MAS consists of three agents and the output signal of each agent defines the percentage change of each gain. The increment or the reduction of each gain can be in the range of 0% to 100% of its initial value. The simulation results highlight the performance of the suggested hybrid control strategy through comparison with the conventional PID controller tuned by Z-N.


This study aims to determine mathematical abilities of the students in grade 8 in solving statistical problem using RME and LSLC in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Learning began with the provision of were given interactive videos as an asynchronous pre-learning stage. Furthermore, at the synchronous stage, students were given sharing tasks and jumping tasks then synchronous activities were closed by giving independent assignments. In asynchronous pre-learning, students sent independent assignments via Google Classroom at a predetermined time. Subjects in this study were 31 eight graders junior high school students. This research used a descriptive method, where the data were obtained by using observation, test, and interview. The data were analyzed qualitatively descriptively.The result of this study is students' abilities in a good category with an average  68,5. Therefore, it is concluded that RME and LSLC are suitable for use during a pandemic as teaching methods for statistics.


Focal-region-field techniques can be used to determine the crosspolarisation performance of a front-fed paraboloidal antenna. Expressions are derived for the conditions that the aperture fields of a feed must satisfy to give low crosspolarisation. This extends the concept of a Huygens source to finite-aperture feeds.


Problem statement : Does integrated etechnology enhance quality and safety of seniors' care? Practice change implemented: Slow changes in seniors' health status (e.g. weight loss over time) are often not detected until they escalate, leading to unnecessary admissions to the emergency room or hospital. Monitoring seniors' health status more regularly may allow earlier detections in changes, thus improving seniors' health outcomes. We used wireless devices that allowed healthcare staff to weekly monitor blood pressure, oxygen saturation, weight and hydration. Data was saved in a common data hub; staff received immediate alerts when data fell outside of a desirable range or changed significantly from the last measurement. We also created care pathways for staff to respond to abnormal values or changes. Aim : Our aim was to understand if wireless devices can enhance seniors' safety and quality of care by detecting changes in health status early. Monitoring technology was implemented with 30 seniors in an assisted living facility in Alberta, Canada. Timelines : This 1-year study included several phases: readiness assessment at the care facility, procuring and implementing the monitoring devices, developing the alert software, training healthcare staff to use the devices, weekly monitoring for six months. Highlights : Weekly measurements are ongoing; early data suggest that there is value in monitoring subtle changes in health status (e.g. water retention or dehydration, poor oxygen saturation) that allows staff to be more proactive in their care management. Staff can take immediate action following defined care pathways, which may help prevent admissions to the emergency room or hospitalization. Sustainability and transferability : After initial technical challenges, staff and residents are comfortable with the new monitoring routine. Some devices (e.g., body composition scale) may not be suited for all elderly residents due to their inability to stand without help. The technology will be easy to transfer to other facilities. It is imperative that researchers work with each facility to understand their needs and current process to ensure there is value added in implementing new technology. Conclusion : One of the big successes was our ability to engage staff and residents. Staff were keen to try the technology and their feedback helped fine-tune the devices, training materials, and measurement process. The standardized response pathways will ensure appropriate action is taken when residents' health status changes. Discussions : The longer-term goal of our study is to link the monitoring data and alerts with the facility's electronic medication administration system, resulting in an integrated electronic record for each resident. This is an important step for sustainability but was not possible within our short timeframe. An integrated record will enhance the quality of care and keep seniors safer in their environment. Lessons learned : It took longer than anticipated to procure suitable devices, set up the software, and recruit residents. This limited the data collection period. Future studies should dedicate more time to implementation and propose studies with longer timelines.


Recent changes in employment conditions have resulted in the increased exposure of workers to unfavorable job characteristics and to consequential increases in adverse individual and organizational health outcomes. In this article the authors evaluate the steps undertaken by one proactive employer to reduce these adverse outcomes. Three organization-wide surveys (n 350, 316, and 405) were conducted over a 3-year period within the New Zealand Customs Service to determine the influence of perceived job conditions on individual and organizational health outcomes. Staff retention and employee satisfaction significantly improved over time and these increases were attributable to workplace improvements. Stable predictors of job satisfaction included minor daily stressors, positive work experiences, job control, and perceived supervisor support.


The objective of this study was to explore relations between patient role preferences during the cancer treatment decision‐making process and quality of life (QOL).


The tax reforms of 2009-10 and 2015-16 each increased the degree of progression of the income tax. Indirect taxes, which make for the greatest tax burden in lowest-income households, are regressive. While the degree of regression had slightly diminished between 2007 and 2010, in recent years the burden inflicted by indirect taxes on low incomes was enhanced due to the strong rise in rental and food prices. Altogether, the redistributive effect of the tax system (income tax and indirect taxes) has increased. Nevertheless, the burden imposed by social contributions rose in the lower income deciles between 2007 and 2016, while declining in the upper deciles, thus weakening the redistributive effect generated by the social contribution system. With income tax growing ever more progressive as a consequence of the tax reforms, the redistributive effect associated with social contributions became consistently weaker. The overall redistributive effects of the tax and social contribution system increased slightly between 2007 and 2010, but remained unchanged between 2010 and 2016.


To say that the Image is mere "appearance" seems to conform to realistic common sense, for which it is "nothing other" than the unreal, the fantastic. But this "nothing other" is precisely an avowal of "realistic" impotence, compared with the exigency of "theophanism" ... To say that "reality" is itself a "theophanic apparition," whose form (mazhar) reflects the form of him to whom it appears and who is its seat, its medium, is to revalorize it to such a degree that it becomes the basic element of self-knowledge. This is what historical realism disregards in its critique of docetism, which it accuses of reducing "facts" to appearances, without so much as suspecting that "appearance" is here raised to the level of "apparition" or upon what stage spiritual facts are in reality enacted.2


We studied effects of nitrogen on reduction of boron diffusion in BF 2 -implanted source/drain regions of a p-channel MOSFET. Evolution of extended defects induced by nitrogen implantation in silicon and its dependence on implant energy were investigated. Characterization with TEM and SIMS led to validation of models of nitrogen as interstitial traps and strain-induced gettering. Electrical measurement of the PMOS threshold voltage shows a consistent trend of the nitrogen effects on boron redistribution in the S/D regions.


The problem of the detection of hydrido-hydrogen atoms in transition metal complexes using F0 and Δ F Fourier maps is tackled. To date, the F0 Fourier maps have been neglected for the solution of this problem, but in conjunction with the ¿1.F syntheses, these maps are found to be very useful for locating hydrido hydrogen atoms. For centrosymmetric space groups, in cases where parts of the structure, even at the end of refinement, are poorly determined, hydride hydrogen atoms are located better by the F" Fourier than by the AF Fourier.


This document contains the results of calculations to estimate the decay heat, neutron source term, photon source term, and radioactive inventory of light-water-reactor spent nuclear fuel in the 324 Building at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.


It is necessary to research on how to manage risks in Chinese chemical industry supply chain effectively. After analyzing supply chain risks and mitigation strategies in Chinese chemical industry supply chain, firstly this paper defines the supply chain risk management problem in Chinese chemical industry. Then this paper develops a stochastic chance-constrained programming model to select optimal mitigation strategies effectively to achieve risk reduction goa ls without exceeding the expenses budget. Finally, this paper gives a numerical example and discusses how the change of model parameter affects the optimal solution.


To the Editor—Kim et al recently published an interesting study about temporal dynamics within hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protease of amino acid substitution R155K, which confers resistance to specific HCV protease inhibitors (PIs) [1]. They described, in a patient never exposed to PI, the stability of naturally present R155K variants as the predominant strains during 37 weeks, then their detection as mixtures concurrently with wild-type viruses until week 64 and their absence when tested nearly 5 years later. We report here the persistence, in the absence of PI therapy, of naturally present R155K-HCV (Genbank accession no. HQ149068– HQ149081) as the only detectable strains during a 113-week period. The patient is a 41-year-old HIV-seronegative man with HCV-related decompensated liver cirrhosis diagnosed in February 2007, and in whom we previously detected the natural presence of R155K-HCV genotype 1a [2]. The patient received a liver transplant in August 2007 and experienced HCV recurrence 1 month later (Figure 1). Later on, he received pegylated interferon-a and ribavirin from June 2008 to October 2009. HCV RNA never became undetectable; in addition, virologic escape occurred and HCV load increased to pretreatment level after therapy interruption (Figure 1). Throughout the entire follow-up, amino acid 155K was detected by means of population sequencing from 5 serum samples and was harbored by 9 of 9 clonal sequences as assessed on the last sample (Figure 1). Naturally occurring R155K-HCV have been identified in ,1% of HCVinfected patients [3, 4], and in 2 (4.4%) of 37 patients co-infected with HIV-1 under antiretroviral therapy including PIs [5]. So far, such viruses all belonged to genotype 1a, which has a lower genetic barrier to substitution R155K [2, 6]. R155K HCV has been shown in vitro to have impaired fitness compared with wild-type strains in the absence of drug [6]. Notwithstanding, they represented one of the fittest mutants among those emerging during PI-based therapies [6, 7]. In vivo, the coexistence in Kim et al's study of naturally present R155K variants and of wild-type HCV over >1 year [1] suggests limited difference in fitness between these 2 populations, although in another study R155K-HCV were replaced by wild-type viruses in 1 patient on standard of care therapy [3]. Additionally, in the present case, R155K-HCV still persisted 113 weeks after first observation. In addition, PIselected R155K viruses remained detectable in patients 3–7 months after treatment discontinuation [6]. Moreover, HCV RNA levels in patients infected with predominant naturally present R155K variants were .5.7 log IU/mL in 8 of 9 cases reported previously, and in the present work [1, 3, 4]. Taken together, previous findings indicate that naturally present R155KHCV may not display clinically significantly reduced fitness compared with wild-type strains in the absence of NS3 PI-selective pressure. No compensatory mutation was identified in our study or in previous reports of natural R155K-HCV [1, 3, 4]. However, in our case, amino acid 54S, recently associated with PI resistance [4, 8] and detected as a natural polymorphism with a frequency ,1% [9], was harbored by all HCV RNA recovered in sequential serum samples. This should be emphasized because it was observed that relative fitness on therapy of HCV harboring a PI-resistant mutation could be improved if the viruses carried a second resistance mutation [6, 8]. In Kim et al's study and in our case, it can be hypothesized that R155K-HCV persistence might have been favored by severe immunodeficiency. Indeed, in Kim et al's report, the patient was infected with HIV-1, and his lymphocyte CD4 T cell count was 62/mm at the beginning of follow-up; of note, wild-type HCV emerged after CD4 count increased from 62 to 303 cells/mm [1]. In our case, the patient is a liver transplant recipient. In contrast to Kim et al, we did not detect wild-type HCV at position 155 of NS3 protease in sequential serum samples collected during follow-up, including in clonal sequences [2]. Liver transplantation may have led to decreased HCV quasi-species diversity, being possibly responsible for a bottleneck effect due to implantation of a new liver combined with reduced immunologic selective pressure [10, 11]. The absence or the very minority presence of wild-type strains being able to compete with R155K quasi-species may be another reason for the persistence of the latter. Thus, in the setting of HIV infection, persistence of multidrug-resistant HIV-1 without antiretroviral treatment was documented in 2 patients 2 years after sexual transmission, and clonal sequencing revealed that only multidrug-resistant viruses were detected in the source patients and could be transmitted to the index patients [12].


Health is one very important element in improving the quality of life of national development to achieve a healthy Indonesia. One in improving the health welfare, the government set up a public insurance for the poor, called the National Health Insurance. Given the insurance people can use these facilities in various hospitals, so that all poor people can be treated for free without being in charge. In the provision of health insurance, in various hospital there is still an imbalance between the patient with the patient's insurance JKN upper middle class that is seen in the form of service in the hospital. Within the existing imbalance symbolic interaction between the patient's family is poor JKN users with health workers (Health Workers) in hospitals Syarifah Ambami Rato Ebu. So in sociological theory, according to Mead holds that human beings are individuals who are thinking, feeling, to give understanding to every situation, reactions and interpretations which give birth to any stimuli encountered. The incident made through the interpretation of symbols or meaningful communication is done through movement, language, sympathy, empathy, and give birth to other behaviors that show a reaction or response to stimuli that come to him. So in this study the researchers looked at how human interaction with each other to make symbols and interpret all the symbols shown between the families of poor patients and health workers JKN users.
Keywords : Symbolic Interaction, Service, JKN, Family Poor Patients, health workers, hospitals


The advanced data models for PAS that make these systems superior to their table-oriented antecedents (RDBMS) have an impact on the formalisms that are needed to capture these models and their appropiate query languages (eg. ODMG's OQL). Queries that are nested to arbitrary depth, path expressions, and complex predicates pose challenges on the query translation process. The work package RT2.1 will identify generic (algebraic) operators that allow the eecient translation of such queries. These operators will account for the various bulk types the data models feature. Optimisation techniques have to be found, adapted, and validated. PAS query languages allow to mix operations on bulk types and scalars (just like programming languages). Monad calculi treat bulk and scalar types in a uniform way, and allow for reasoning about arithmetics and general computation. This ooers the perspective of a hybrid approach to query translation and optimisation, combining the power of algebra and calculus. A survey of the involved techniques and their interaction is the focus of this report. The limits of my language mean the limits of my world.. This report is concerned with the representation and optimisation of query languages for persistent application systems (PAS) for bulk data. Although the following dicussion mainly draws from the database area of query language research, its scope is meant to include the query (sub-)language for PAS in general. It is the dominant characteristic of these query languages (also called object language from now on) to be declarative, that is they exclusively include constructs that allow to describe what to retrieve from the persistent store. The language is not concerned with the (procedural) description of how the store has to be accessed in order to eeciently answer a given query. The PAS system itself maps a declarative query into a program which is then used to access the store for retrieval. Obvious advantages of such an approach include: Queries are considerably simpler to formulate correctly. Changes at the physical implementation level of the persistent store do not aaect querying provided that the query mapping reeects these changes (physical data independence). If the PAS-internal query representation is amenable to equivalence preserving transformation , then the system may use query rewriting techniques in order to minimize query execution cost (e.g. response time). The latter point in particular forbids the use of general purpose PAS programming languages for querying: equivalence theories are easier found and better understood for …


Due to the great advances in computing tools, simulation has become an important component of most engineering disciplines. In this article, we simulate inchworm locomotion with friction only and variable mass. A theoretical model was developed and experimentally validated with a prototype. The results demonstrate a feasible innovative robot design for axial locomotion. The validated theoretical model can be later used to optimize the dynamic performance of this robot.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


Teaching English to non-native students in Indonesia, especially pre and elementary school students, is farmore problematic than teaching adult students in the same country. These students are not accustomed touse English in their daily lives. When they are given English lesson at school, they often feel afraid, shy, andlack of confidence in using the target language. Students have those feelings mostly when they have topractice speaking English because they find it difficult as they have to master different elements of languagesuch as vocabulary, pronunciation, structures, functions and so on in order to say what they want (Phillips,1993). Consequently, teachers are strongly required to be more patient, to have more preparation time andto be more creative in designing classroom activities. Experts say that young learners are hard toconcentrate and easily distracted. If teachers are not able to manage their students, their classes willbecome chaotic and riotous ones. In order to minimize that condition, teachers need to make anyanticipation so that they, instead of their students, can take control of their classes. One of the ways is bymaking classroom language. This will help teachers to organize their classes and ultimately make theirstudents speak using the target language. This paper promotes classroom language as it is concrete,meaningful, and has communicative nature. Hughes (1990) states that the phrase 'Open your books at page10, please' does not make the students only repeat, translate, evaluate as true or false or put into negative,but this makes them do the simple action of opening a textbook after understanding the genuine instruction.Furthermore, classroom phrases help the students to use the target language in appropriate context andindirectly accustom them to the form-function relationships and discrepancies that are parts of English.Considering the phenomena above, this paper offers some techniques that may be used in applyingclassroom language. Some of those techniques include a lot of drilling techniques and fun games.Hopefully, this paper may become one of considerations to be used by EFL teachers in encouraging theirstudents to be able to speak the target language in most of their time in their English classes. However, thispaper is still far of perfection. It still needs a lot of suggestions and deeper discussion from those who aredealing with researches of the same topic.


: The damage phenomenon that occurs in a building is something that is certain to happen considering that the older the building is, the damage is something that cannot be denied. Regarding the damage, care and maintenance work is needed to maintain the condition of the building in order to remain feasible. Nevertheless, the reality in the field shows that the implementation of care and maintenance is often carried out in accordance with the target because there is no clear implementation procedure. The purpose of this research is to develop procedures for care and maintenance work of outer spatial and housekeeping component in government building. The risk in question is a risk that affects the duration of work activity. The objects in this study are located in the DKI Jakarta Province, especially in the X's Institution Government Building. The research methods used in this study are archival analysis, surveys, and case studies. The products produced in this study are standard operating procedures for the care and maintenance work of outer spatial and housekeeping component in government buildings to improve work efficiency and effectiveness.


In guinea-pigs where ovo-implantation is normal after early ovariectomy, there is a critical period from Day 13 when the embryos show signs of progesterone deficiency (Deanesly, 1963). Loeb (1914) observed that removal or destruction of the corpora lutea of pregnancy in the guinea-pig on Day 6 or 7 was followed by a fresh ovulation between Days 10 and 15, but it was not clear whether this always permitted continuation of pregnancy. For the present experiments, unilateral ovariectomies were carried out under ether anaesthesia on selected guinea-pigs 4 or 5 days after mating. The animals, with one exception, were killed at 16 to 28 days of pregnancy. After fixation in Bouin's fluid, serial sections were cut of the remaining ovaries and ofsome of the conceptuses. In seven of them, all the original corpora lutea had been removed at operation, as could be seen both from the remaining ovaries and from the distribution of embryos in the uterus at autopsy. In this group pregnancy had been wholly or partially maintained by freshly ovulated corpora lutea, though these were not fully developed; lutein cells were small and the centres often fibrous. The first of the seven females had two fresh corpora lutea and living embryos at 16 days, but the second at the same stage had only one fresh corpus luteum. Although its two conceptuses appeared normal in size and shape, sections through one of them showed a well developed placenta but no embryo, indicating its early disappearance. In another 16-day female, two out of three embryos were normal and the remaining ovary contained four fresh corpora lutea. Vaginal opening was seen in this female 5 to 6 days after removal of the first ovary, about Day 11. Pregnancy was also maintained in an 18-day female with four new corpora lutea, though at least one of the three embryos was regressing and another rather small. At 28 days a female, which had reovulated, had two normal embryos. Another female was not examined till Day 54, when the remaining left ovary containing five corpora lutea was removed. Parturition was normal 12 days later; at autopsy it could be seen that all the young had been in the right


Abstract— In the present paper we define the photosynthetic unit as the number of chlorophyll molecules involved in the fixation of one molecule of CO2 during strong short flashes lasting less than 100 μsec, because this is what we have measured experimentally. These units vaned between 300 and 5000 chlorophylls per CO2 fixed per flash in all higher plants tested. The statistical frequency distribution of the unit sizes for a given plant species as analyzed by a computer showed discontinuities of the same kind as we have pointed out before. Within the overall range of 300 to 5000 chlorophylls per CO2 fixed per flash, integration of the unit size density over small increments of 50 chlorophylls per CO2 fixed per flash showed the existence of distinct subgroups of unit sizes.


Automatic static code analysis warnings are produced by tools for static code analysis (like FindBugs), but they suffer from an excessive number of false alarms that are ignored by developers. Accurately identifying actionable static analysis code warnings helps developers be more efficient, and the static analysis tool can be made more useful. In reality, static analysis warning datasets have a class imbalance in actionable warning identification since there are a greater number of un-actionable (false alarms) than actionable alarms. Data sampling techniques address the issue of class imbalance in classification, which is a problem with the quality of the collected data. By producing synthetic instances that may be acted upon, the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) and its variations assist in solving the problem of class imbalance. SVM, Random Forest, Naïve Bayes, and Decision Tree classifiers were created as classification models using the eight Java open-source software projects datasets (Cassandra, Jmeter, Commons.lang, Luence-solr, Ant, Tomcat, Maven, and Derby). The performance of the developed models is evaluated using precision, recall, f-measure, ROC and false positive rate. The analysis of the experimental findings revealed that the SMOTE not only addressed the issue of class imbalance but also enhanced the classification performance and reduced the false positive rate of the experimental models when it came to the identification of warnings.


I propose the use of the tandem fluorescent timer protein as a reporter of dynamic gene regulation. The tandem fluorescent timer is a fusion of two fluorophores with different maturation kinetics whose fluorescence ratio is a reporter of protein age. Traditional approaches to live single-cell tracking of dynamic gene expression involve the use of destabilized fluorescent reporters. The reduced stability of these reporters improve performance but also result in reduced signal and an increased signal to noise ratio. I first develop a platform to test reporter performance by designing and implementing an inducible synthetic network orthogonally in S. cerevisiae cells and by developing a microfluidics-enabled live cell-tracking pipeline. To test the performance of different reporters, I develop an algorithm to decode the underlying regulatory dynamic signal of a fluorescence profile. I then simulate the fluorescence output of my platform under dynamic regulatory signaling to demonstrate the potential reporter performance of a stable timer protein. Finally, I conduct live cell-tracking experiments of yeast cells expressing the timer under a periodic signal to test in vivo performance of the tandem fluorescent timer. I demonstrate that compared to a traditional stable fluorescent reporter, the tandem fluorescent timer is more accurate when tracking faster periodic signals and it is more robust to global fluctuations.


Chapter 1 introduces the book by presenting the main arguments that information resolution is a necessary component of SNG capital market development and access to external financing. It also argues that local policy and management agency vis-à-vis financial sector firms is critical to achieve SNG governance tasks in the face of decentralized governance and growing local service pressures. This chapter defines the key terminology of information problems, information institutions, and information resolution. It situates the focus on SNGs, and more narrowly on policy makers at the city level, that are embedded within the national contexts and financial markets. Finally, the chapter identifies the book's contributions and details the organization of the book's remaining chapters.


Breast cancer occurs when breast cells grow out of control because they escape the fine controls that regulate cell multiplication, resulting in cell proliferation unresponsive to regulation. Most cases of breast cancer have no identifiable cause, but approximately 5% to 10% are caused by inherited genetic mutations. Although other genes are known to cause hereditary breast cancer, most studies evaluating clinical management strategies have focused on women with mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 (Breast Cancer) genes. People with these mutations have a significantly increased lifetime risk of cancer compared to the general population.


Commercial resin supports containing aromatic nitrogen bases as functional groups have been used as macromolecular ligands for palladium(II), thus yielding insoluble macromolecule—metal complexes. Preliminary tests were run with these materials as catalysts for the preparation of hydrogen peroxide from carbon monoxide, oxygen, and water. Pretreatment of the catalyst with an organic solvent was found to be necessary in order to achieve catalytic activity. The best results (turnover number = 6) were obtained with pretreatment in dioxane.


Social things face great uncertainty and complexity in their decision-making. This is true whether the social thing is as large as the electric grid of a country or as small as drug carrier targeted nanomachines employed for cancer treatment. The problem is further complicated when it is tasked with serving humans, with the intricate and ill-defined meaning of service. Therefore, there is a need for cognitive decision-making in which human factors of time, attitude, attention, trust, and bias are considered in the recommendation, prediction, analysis, estimation, and automated decision making. Here, we introduce a trust-based decision-making architecture for swarms of bioinspired nanomachines. Particularly, the factor of trust is used as an index for swarm joining and disjoining. Each nanomachine's decision is considered as a new attitude that is weakened or reinforced by a trust factor. The trust factor is derived using a Fuzzy Cognitive Map which is composed of integrity, competence, consistency, loyalty, and openness. Nanomachines with high trust factors form a dense group and change to a "trustee" swarm. The trustee converges to the cancer site. The result shows the proposed method in targeted drug delivery outperforms the competing strategies with lower hypoxic and endothelial cell density as the marker of cancer.


Corresponding Author: Liyanaarachchi L A T M, E-mail: < email@example.com> http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1359-5683 Received: March 2017, Accepted revised version April 2017, Published: May 2017 Competing Interests: Authors have declared that no competing interests exist This is an open-access article distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are attributed and materials are shared under the same license.


Walking is the basic human instinct to move from place to place, even in any traffic developed modern city walking is still indispensable. Pedestrian skybridge is a facility that provides safe and comfort environment for pedestrians to move around city without worrying about the traffic. This research develops a prototype maintenance management system of pedestrian skybridge. The system development, process, field investigation, system structure and demonstration are introduced in this article.


The paper presents an assessment of the economic and financial efficiency of sprinkler irrigation of cucumbers in vegetable farm production. This assessment was carried out using the discounted cash flow method ( DCF ). The base of calculation was the results of research parameters which are important in the statement efficiency (including increases in yields and revenues from the sale of cucumbers as a result of irrigation, the capital expenditures and operating costs of irrigation). Studies have shown that increases yields through irrigation in the study ranged from 3.0 to 9.1 t∙ha –1 (average 6.6 t∙ha –1 ) and the productivity of irrigation measured rise in the yields per m 3 of water was in the range 6.0 ‒ 19.2 kg (mean 14.5 kg). The financial internal rate of return ( FRR ) was 63%, financial net present value ( FNPV) under the discount rate r = 6% equals 21.8 thousand PLN, FBCR = 1.64, and the payback time was 1.5 years. These indicator shows that irrigation


The South Denpasar II community health centre has the highest reported nutritional anaemia among pregnant women (57,4%) in the year 2011-2012. Nutritional anaemia increased the risk of maternal and perinatal mortality, prematurity and low birth weight. This case control study aimed to identify the relationship between antenatal care (ANC) behaviour and nutritional anemia. The study involved 69 cases and 69 controls which taken from pregnant women records April to August 2012 by using a quota sampling. Cases were those with Hb Sahli levels 1st trimester, a parity of 1-3, and time window between births 1st trimester had 5.17 greater risk of nutritional anemia (95%CI 1.66- 16.06). Insufficient ANC behaviour increased risk of nutritional anaemia as many as 23.29 (95%CI 7.4972.33) and 9.85 for insufficient Fe tablets consumption (95%CI 3.27-29.68). Most of these women consumed less than <30 Fe tablets in the last month. Age, time between births, parity, family income, level of education, nutritional status and history of IUD use were proven not as Laaporan hasil penelitian n Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive, Volume 1, Nomor 1, Juli 2013 risk factors. An early approach to newly couples, sekaa teruna teruni and senior high school students is needed to be targeted in regard to information of ANC. A more intensive surveillance is also needed to monitor Fe tablets consumption.


Prof. Safieddin (Ali) Safavi-Naeini as a brilliant intellect, great mentor, a singular colleague and a dominant researcher in electromagnetics is no longer among us but his legacy continues to live and shine through the lives of his family, students and colleagues. This paper briefly introduces two dimensions in Ali's multi-dimensional and non-orthogonal research space.


The three key problems, i.e.selection of solvent, racemization of R acid and recovery of n octyl glucamine in naproxen resolution have been studied and gained some successful results.The yield and quality of naproxen were impvoved considerably with less comsumption of resolution agent.


The outcropped Late Triassic-Jurassic accretionary complexes are located along northern Bangong Co-Nujiang suture zone where a large subduction-type Duolong porphyry copper-gold ore concentration area is developed. Bulk-rock major and trace elements, Sr-Nd isotope and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb data are reported for gabbro rocks sampled from the Duolong accretionary complexes. The 206Pb/238U age of zircon in the gabbro analyzed by LA-ICP-MS is 246.0±1.4Ma, which represents the crystallization age of the magma. Na, Mg, LREE and large ion lithophile elements (Ba, U, La and Sr) are concentrated whereas Ti, K and high-field strength elements (Nb and Ta) are deficient. These characteristics suggest that the geochemistry of the gabbro is similar to that of the island arc type basalt. The isotopic compositions of the Sr and Nd ( (87Sr/86Sr)i=0.707605~0.709778, (143Nd/144Nd)i=0.512515~0.512678, and TDM2=0.54~0.99Ga) suggest that gabbro is developed on the arc in an intraplate environment. It is considered that the end of early Triassic igneous activity probably resulted from the northward subduction of the Bangong Co-Nujiang Ocean crust which interacted with the lithospheric mantle material. The discovery and understand ing provide the northward subduction of the Bangong Co-Nujiang ocean crust in early Triassic with important evidence of magma tism.


Various industrially and environmentally important trace contaminants in water and wastewater bodies are anionic ligands, namely, phosphate, selenite, arsenate, sulfide, phthalate, oxalate, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, cyanide, and a host of organic derivatives. Traditional sorbents such as activated carbons, ion exchangers, iron oxyhydroxides, etc. are not effective for selective sorption of the foregoing contaminants. This study reports the results and underlying sorption mechanisms of a tailored polymeric ligand exchanger (PLE) which shows very high affinities toward phosphate, selenite, and oxalate. The polymeric ligand exchanger used in the study is essentially a copper(II)-loaded specialty chelating polymer, and its preference toward anionic ligands is attributed to concurrent electrostatic and Lewis acid-base type interactions. PLE is also amenable to efficient regeneration with brine, and more than 90% phosphate was recovered in less than 10 bed volumes.


Abstract In this paper the performance, in terms of transparency and stability, of two control architectures for cooperative teleoperation systems are presented and discussed. The cooperative control schemes consider two pairs of teleoperation systems collaborating to carry out operations in a shared remote environment. The information exchange occurs only between the corresponding pairs, and the slave robots may physically interact among themselves either through a common tool or the manipulated object.


This report is a companion to Reference 1 on radian reduction. As in Reference 1, the motivation arises from a desire to eliminate messages like "argument too large" in trigonometric function routines. The presence of very large arguments in the VAX H format, on the Crayl, and on an IEEE machine with extended registers, make this a real problem. As for the radian reduction algorithm, the degree algorithm will reduce any argument, however large, so long as it is representable; its speed is nearly independent of the size of the argument to be reduced; and full accuracy is maintained in the neighborhoods of the zeros of the desired function. We believe that the approach is new and represents a significant improvement over procedures currently in use. A variant of the procedure is used in Version 3 of the VAX Math Library.


This study investigates the impact of FL on FP of textile sector (spinning, composite and weaving) of Pakistan considering the micro panel data of 56 firms over the period of 2011-2016. The study used FL as predictor measured by Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR) and Total Debt to Total Assets Ratio (TDTAR) while FP as dependent variable measured by Earnings per Share (EPS), Net Profit Margin (NPM) and Return on Capital Employed (ROCE). Assets Tangibility (AT), Growth (G), Size (S) and Age (A) used as control variable. Based on the recommendations of Hausman test fixed and random effect in utilized. Outcomes of the study reveal mix results in selected textile sectors FP. In spinning sector ICR positively relate with EPS, NPM and ROCE. DER positively relates with NPM and negatively relate with EPS and ROCE.TDTAR negatively relate with EPS, NPM and positively relate with ROCE. In composite sector ICR negatively pertain with EPS, NPM and positively with ROCE. DER positively pertains with NPM and negatively with EPS and ROCE. TDTAR negatively relate with EPS, NPM and positively with ROCE. In weaving sector ICR show negative relationship with EPS, NPM and positive with ROCE. DER reveals negative relationship with EPS, NPM and positive with ROCE. TDTAR show positive relationship with EPPS, NPM and ROCE. study considers ROE, ROA, EPS, sales, growth and met profit margin (NPM) taken as proxies of FP whereas to gauge the FL as DER is utilized as measuring proxy. The results of suggest that FL has negative association with NPM, EPS and ROE while FL positively pertain with sales growth and ROA. Enekwe et al, (2014) in Nigeria investigated the impact of FL on FP of pharmaceutical companies. The study used debt to equity ratio, debt ratio and interest coverage ratio as a proxy of FL whereas FP is evaluated by ROA. The findings of the study found a negative relationship of ROA with debt to equity ratio and debt ratio, however interest coverage (IC) show positive relation with profitability while debt ratio, debt to equity ratio and ICR has inconsequential impact on profitability of Nigeria pharmaceutical companies.Fosu, (2013) carried out study to determine the relationship between firms performance and capital structure in South Africa. Panel data of 257 firms by using (ICB) Industrial Classification Benchmark divided into eight different industries over the period of 1998-2009 of South African firms. ROA is used to measure firms' performance and various independent variables used to measure capital structure to realize capital structure impact on performance and how much connection between them depends on product market competition. The study employed Boone Indicator and a novel measure of competition to find the connection among performance and leverage. The study postulates positive and significant relationship among firm performance and FL. Akhtar et al, (2012) conducted a paper in power and energy sector to investigate the interconnection among FP and FL in Pakistan.


Promoting physical activity in Australian schools is something that many health and physical education (HPE) teachers believe we do well. Historically, there has been much support for physical activity in schools, particularly sport-focused, as it is regarded as an important part of Australian culture. Other forms of physical activity such as outdoor education, fitness training and recreational or leisure pursuits have also gained prominence in school HPE curriculum and sport offerings. But how are Australian students encouraged and enabled to be physically active during school hours?


Abstract In textile printing, hydrotropic components are usually added to print paste formulations promoting the hydration of textile fabrics by disrupting the hydrogen bonding network between water molecules. For this purpose, urea is commonly used but nevertheless, its presence causes water eutrophication and their reduction or replacement by more environmentally-friendly products is required. In the present work, we have studied an alternative hydrotropic product (polyethylene glycol, PEG) to replace urea. A factorial design of experiments has been carried out to identify the factors that optimize several variables of interest such as viscosity of the printing paste and fabric colour strength. The results showed that a reduction of 70 wt% of urea was achieved by using PEG 400, while preserving the performance of printing formulation. The viscosity of these eco-friendly printing paste formulations was similar to that of the original urea-based formulations and, more interestingly, fabrics showed similar colour strength and fastness to those of fabrics printed by the conventional method.


The distribution of oil‐ and gasfields in the Libyan Ghadames Basin is strongly influenced by the stratigraphic architecture of the Silurian‐Devonian succession. This interval encompasses part of two (second‐order) super‐sequences separated by the Caledonian unconformity: (i) a late Ashgillian‐Silurian super‐sequence, comprising the Melez Chograne‐Memouniat periglacial lowstand, the Tanezzuft transgressive to early highstand shales and the Acacus Formation late highstand systems tracts; and (ii) the lower part of a composite Devonian‐Carboniferous super‐sequence terminated by the Hercynian unconformity, which includes the lowstand Tadrart fluvial‐shallow marine sands, the Ouan Kasa (transgressive) and the Aouinet Ouinene transgressive to early highstand systems tracts of Devonian age.


A numerical simulation has been performed to investigate the control of base pressure with microjets in a suddenly expanded duct. Microjets placed at the pitch circle diameter (PCD) of 13 mm, two micro jets of 1 mm orifice diameter located at 900 for active control. The flow Mach number of the investigation was M = 2.2, the L/D ratio of the enlarged duct considered is 6, and the area ratio is 3.24. The convergent-divergent (CD) nozzle geometry has been modeled and simulated employing K-e turbulence model for standard wall function. From the code independently was checked with the commercial computational fluid dynamics software. The numerical simulations carried for nozzle pressure ratio's (NPR) 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11. From the present numerical investigation, it is observed that the NPR, Mach number, and area ratio plays a vital role in fixing the base pressure values. NPR's of the present study is such that the flow mostly remained over expanded. Despite jets being over-expanded the control is effective in decreasing the base suction and hence the base drag.


Carbon dioxide, along with nutrients, light and water, serves as one of the most important factors for growing plants. But the carbon dioxide contained in the atmosphere may not be enough. In modern crop production, they are increasingly inclined to use additional equipment, with the help of which the CO2 fertilization of plants is carried out. At the same time, control over the processes of vegetation and flowering (fruiting) improves. (Research purpose) The research purpose is creating an experimental setup and conduct experiments. Determine the external parameters that affect the maintenance of the required CO2 level. Find ways to control the concentration of carbon dioxide, independent of external conditions. (Materials and methods) Analyzed domestic and foreign literature, based on their own works on this topic, conducted experiments. An experimental installation for spraying carbon dioxide in a volume simulating the construction of protected soil was installed. (Results and discussion) We performed 4 measurements with a time difference of 2 hours. It was shown that the experimental setup based on the compiled algorithm levels the influence of external factors and keeps the set value of CO2 (600 ppm). Readings were taken from sensors located in the area of carbon dioxide cloud spraying, adjustments were made by affecting the operation of electric nozzles. (Conclusions) It was found that it is possible to solve the problem of lack of carbon dioxide when growing plants in the construction of protected soil. For this purpose, it was proposed to use carbon dioxide supply units directly to plants, capable of taking into account and correcting the movement of gas in the construction of protected soil. The results of the experiments carried out on the operation of electrical equipment for feeding plants of protected soil with CO2 were presented.


In the following article our intention is to try to introduce the negative ideas that exist today in Hungary regarding informatics education within the secondary education system. [Zs] As far as we know, these delusions are characteristic of not only Hungary, but we believe that we should look for our own mistakes, that is why we refer to Hungarian examples. We have examined the informatic knowledge taught in the first 10 years of secondary education, the possible curriculum of the general informatics subject. To reach our aim, first we have to deviate a bit from our original topic, because without this, it would be more difficult to understand the core subject of the article. In the deviation we will explain what is called informatics, what is called informatics subject. Then we will deal with the main topic and in the summary we will explain what we believe is the aim of general informatics education.


Summary
Giant ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L., was grown over a period of 36 days in a glasshouse at two levels of soil fertility. Growth was investigated both by the conventional (whole-plant) techniques of growth analysis and by these same techniques applied to data obtained on the growth of roots, stems and each of the successive leaves.

Results showed that the superior performance of the fertilized plants was due to their higher leaf-area ratio rather than to an enhanced unit leaf rate. Here, the rates of dry-matter commitment to leaves at nodes 2, 3 and 4, expressed per unit of whole plant dry wt, were initially around 0-04 g g−1 day−1 -about twice the values obtained for the same leaves in the unfertilized plants.

There was a heavy early commitment to root growth especially in the unfertilized plants. Stem production was moderately high throughout in both treatments. The large response to fertilizer application would be expected of the species since it colonizes arable land and flood-plains both of which experience nutrient pulses. This behaviour, together with the flexibility of material allocation contribute to the high success of the species.

The study provided the opportunity to assess the techniques of growth analysis when applied at the sub-organismal level. The value of this approach was discussed in relation to the parallel activity of leaf demography.


(1993). Shylock and Debt and Contract in "The Merchant of Venice". Law & Literature: Vol. 5, A Symposium Issue on The Merchant of Venice, pp. 65-85.


Low-frequency (∼10 3 Hz) acoustics was used to study the temperature dependences of the sound absorption and the dynamic elastic modulus of compounds La 2-x Sr x /CuO 4-y (0.00≤x≤0.10) at 100-450 K. The samples for which the temperature T 0 of the transition from the tetragonal (T) to the orthorhombic (O) phase was considerably above room temperature (x=0.00, T 0 ∼500 K; x=0.05, T 0 ∼400 K) showed, in the low- temperature O phase at T∼300 K, a relaxation process in which the degree of relaxation Δ increases with the orthorhombicity δ=(b-a)/(b+a) of the compound, as determined in the temperature range where the process occurs


An experiment compared the speaker recognition performance of human listeners to that of computer algorithms/systems. Listening protocols were developed analogous to procedures used in the algorithm evaluation run by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and the same telephone conversation data were used. For "same number" testing, with three-second samples, listener panels and the best algorithm had the same equal-error rate (EER) of 8%. Listeners were better than typical algorithms. For "different number" testing, EER's increased but humans had a 40% lower equal-error rate. Other observations on human listening performance and robustness to "degradations" were made.


In this study, four new N-(alkyl/aryl)imidazolium-borates were prepared, and their deprotonation reactions were investigated. Addition of BH3•THF to N-benzylimidazoles and N-mesitylimidazoles leads to imidazolium-trihydridoborate adducts. Ammonium tetraphenylborate reacts with benzyl- or mesityl-imidazoles with the loss of one of the phenyl groups yielding the corresponding imidazolium-triphenylborates. Their authenticity was confirmed by CHN analysis, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 11B-NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). 3-Benzyl-imidazolium-1-yl)trihydridoborate, (HImBn)BH3, and (3-mesityl-imidazolium-1-yl)trihydridoborate, (HImMes)BH3, were also characterized by X-ray crystallography. The reactivity of these new compounds as carbene precursors in an effort to obtain borate-NHC complexes was investigated and a new carbene-borate adduct (which dimerizes) was obtained via a microwave-assisted procedure.


Tables 1-4 present basic data about social inquiry reports in England and Wales for selected years between 1956 and 1971. Table 1 demonstrates the increase in the number of reports being prepared for all courts during the 15-year period: in juvenile courts, the figure has fluctuated slightly since 1963 and fell sharply in 1971 following the implementation of the Children and Young Persons Act 1969 which has led to local authorities taking over the responsibility for some juvenile inquiries; but in both other sectors the total growth has been dramatic with nearly a six-fold increase in inquiries prepared for the higher courts and almost a five-fold increase in magistrates' courts (adults).


The Dean's Award for Leadership in the Advancement of Women Staff was initiated in 1999 by Joseph B. Martin, M.D., Ph.D., former Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, to recognize staff members committed to the recruitment, retention and advancement of women at Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Dental Medicine. In 2007, the Award was renamed the "Joseph B. Martin Dean's Leadership Award for the Advancement of Women" to honor Dr. Martin for his long-standing support of this effort.


The aim of this work is to discuss the Brazilian National Solid Waste Policy potential to enhance Brazilian universities waste management by analyzing the University of Sao Paulo, Campus of Sao context in accordance with the national policy requirements. Universities in Brazil lack a legal instrument to strengthen its waste management, which brings this paper innovation by applying the Brazilian waste policy as a standardization instrument to adapt waste management at Brazilian higher education institutions. The research used a descriptive and qualitative approach, data were collected from literature review, university documents and semi structured interviews, a case study approach is used to analyze the campus solid waste management activities, procedures and operations inherent the. The main findings conclude that University of Sao Paulo waste policy is being deployed, based on Brazilian Solid Waste National Policy requirements, confirming it translation into a potential framework tool to support decision making for adequacy of environmentally sound management of Brazilian. Further studies are required ex-post the policy enactment to assess the impacts of the waste policy at the university impacts.


Building cost and properties of greenhouses should be considered in the designment of solar greenhouses.The method of multi-object fuzzy decision was used to select three types greenhouses with different materials in North Liaoning Province.The results showed that the greenhouses with span 7.5m,length of north slope 2.0m,ridge height 3.5m,height of north wall 2.2m is the best compared to other solar greenhouses with steel skeleton and earth wall,and with bamboo skeleton and earth wall.


A number of organizations have had big interests in studies concerning leadership and not only academia but also psychological areas do also. Until now, leadership has been accentuated by managers or team leaders especially. Recently, however, the concept of self-leadership directing one's own activities through self-control or self-management is being focused on in practices and in academia. This study is to investigate the influence between self-leadership strategies as predictors and learning performance in IT classes as dependents variables mediated by attitude of attendance focused on the social science students in two universities (Korea(116 samples) and India(36 samples)). And this research tried to compare difference between two university students. As a result of empirical analysis, Korean learners making an effort by themselves show a tendency to think constructively. Namely, even though the level of difficulty may be high, by positive self-talk, respondents usually make an effort to get high academic performance. In case of Indian respondents, students who are in behavior-oriented show higher academic performance. Research results can give us direction of task-taking attitudes in firms or learning attitudes in teaching organizations and implications to human resource managers who are in charge of improving learning performance or productivity.


Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common presenting symptom in gynecological outpatient department. Endometrial sampling could be used as the first diagnostic step in AUB. Aim of our study was to evaluate the endometrial causes of AUB and to observe the incidence of various pathology in different age groups.Methods: A study was conducted on 167 patients who presented with AUB, during the period from July 2015- January 2017.All endometrial curettage and hysterectomy specimens received in the Department of Pathology, Kannur Medical College during  this  period  were included.Results: Maximum numbers of patients were in the perimenopausal age group and normal cycling endometrium was the commonest pattern observed (41.3%).Abnormal patterns noted were hyperplasia without atypia (20.9%), disordered proliferative pattern (16.1%) and endometrial carcinoma (1.7%).Conclusion: Histopathological examination of endometrium showed wide spectrum of lesions from normal endometrium to malignancy. Accurate analysis of endometrial sampling is important in the management of AUB.


A low noise JFET has been built with a small diode diffused in the gate circuit. For these initial experiments the chips were bonded to an available 4-lead ceramic insulated header. Both dc and pulsed reset methods are possible. The present experiments with a dc reset method indicate that the device when optimized should give, at low count rates, similar resolution to opto-electronic feedback. An output count rate of 20,000 c/s at 6 keV adds 150 eV of noise.


In steel continuous casting, without the need for correction by shrink fitting or the like of the rivet of the cast steel, the solidification completion position is detected from the measured value by the sensor only with high accuracy. Specifically transmits the transverse ultrasonic wave with respect to the product 1, and transmits a longitudinal ultrasonic wave with respect to the, cast transverse ultrasonic sensors (6, 8) for receiving, and also receives continuously the longitudinal ultrasonic sensors (7, 9) for disposed at the same position or the same position of the cast slab width direction of the two portions apart in casting direction of the casting machine, and transverse wave receiving complete solidification location (4) on the basis of the intensity change of the signal of the ultrasonic sensor is a transverse ultrasonic sensor arrangement position detecting that the matched and to correct the calculation to obtain the solidification completion position from the propagation time of the longitudinal ultrasonic waves are a solidification completion position calculated from the propagation time of the longitudinal ultrasonic waves to agree with the arrangement position of the transverse ultrasonic sensor according to this point, after calibration is obtained a solidification completion position from the propagation time of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave on the basis of the correction calculation. Continuously cast slab, gosangbu, solidification completion position, an ultrasonic sensor, a heat transfer calculation section, molten steel bath surface


Objective To study WT 1 gene from 30 cases of sporadic wilms tumor.Methods WT 1 gene was studied by Southern bolt hybridization with WT 1 cDNA probe.Results Two cases with intragenic deletions of WT 1 gene were histologically classified as stroma predominated wilms' tumor. Conclusion The etiology of wilms' tumor is complex, the deletion of WT 1 gene may be correlated with stroma predominated wilms tumor.


suspensions of rumen fluid were positive after 2 hours incubation, but none after 24 hours. These experiments suggest that L. maculans cannot survive passage through sheep, probably due to inactivation of spores in the rumen. Feeding experiments (5) have shown that the first excretion of stained particles occurs 16 hours after ingestion, and that 28 hours are required for the first 5 per cent of ingested material to pass through sheep, which, from the above results, would be sufficient time to kill spores of L. maculans. It is concluded, therefore, that sheep are unlikely to be important in the spread of blackleg.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to design and describe a model of instruction for librarians to effectively teach evaluation skills for public opinion polls.Design/methodology/approach – The paper show a coherent framework for instruction was identified through a survey of the literature. Learning objectives or essential core questions were identified by looking at codes and standards from five major organizations: National Council on Public Polls, Council of American Survey Research Organizations, World Association of Opinion and Marketing Research, American Association for Public Opinion Research, and the European Society of Marketing and Research. The objectives were incorporated into the aforementioned structure.Findings – The paper finds from nine documents produced by these organizations 15 elements were identified and grouped into nine essential questions: purpose of the poll, sponsor of the poll, polling organization, questions asked, order of the questions, who was polled, how were the int...


A practical definition of forest biomass is "the total amount of aboveground living organic matter in trees expressed as oven-dry tons per unit area". Terrestrial carbon sequestration is the process of storing atmospheric CO2 as carbon in the stems, roots of plants and in soil. Estimating of biomass can give an idea of the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) that can be removed from the atmosphere by forests and plantations. Mapping, measuring and monitoring of biomass are now central issues due to the importance of biomass estimation in many ecology-related research areas. The estimation of biomass is a challenging task, especially in areas with both complex stands and varying environmental conditions, requiring accurate and consistent measurement methods. To efficiently and effectively estimate terrestrial biomass amount, it is important to have detailed knowledge of its distribution, abundance, and quality. Non-conventional approaches such as remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies offer the mean to enable rapid assessment of terrestrial biomass over large areas relatively quickly and at low cost. Indeed, RS and GIS have great potential in current estimation, future prediction and management of terrestrial carbon. In this regard, the deployment of an integrated RS / GIS solution for precision carbon management has high potential significance. This paper provides a mini review of biomass and carbon sequestered assessment using innovative non-conventional methods as compared to traditional conventional methods.


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The analysis of the electromechanical device with nanofluid filling is performed in the work. The principle of operation of this machine is developed theoretically. Mechanical characteristics, spatial representation of heating and distribution density of magnetic induction were obtained by numerical analysis by the finite element method. According to the simulation results, by applying the nanofluid in the device, an increase in the electromagnetic moment is achieved, heat exchange conditions are improved.


AbstractThis article describes the unusually detailed inventory made in 1696 of the South Stoneham paper mills near Southampton. It sheds light on methods of paper making in late 17th-century England, and gives an idea of the surprising scale of the undertaking.


: Background: Severe mental illness (SMI) is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. We sought to examine the prevalence, clinical outcomes and management strategy of patients with SMI presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: All AMI hospitalizations from the National Inpatient Sample were included, stratified by mental health status in to 5 groups: no-SMI, Schizophrenia, 'Other non-organic psychoses' (ONOP), Bipolar Disorder and Major Depression. Regression analyses were performed to assess the association (adjusted odds ratios, p≤0.001 for all outcomes) between SMI subtypes and clinical outcomes. Results: Out of 6,968,777 AMI hospitalizations between 2004 and 2014, 439,544 (6.5%) had an SMI diagnosis. Although patients with Schizophrenia and ONOP experienced higher crude rates of in-hospital mortality and stroke compared to those without SMI, only Schizophrenia patients were at increased odds of mortality (1.10[1.04,1.16]), while ONOP were the only group at increased odds of stroke (1.53[1.42,1.65]) following multivariate adjustment. Patients with ONOP were the only group associated with increased odds of in-hospital bleeding compared to those without SMI (1.11[1.04,1.17]). All SMI subtypes Abstract Background: Severe mental illness (SMI) is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. We sought to examine the prevalence, clinical outcomes and management strategy of patients with SMI presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: All AMI hospitalizations from the National Inpatient Sample were included, stratified by mental health status in to 5 groups: no-SMI, Schizophrenia, 'Other non-organic psychoses' (ONOP), Bipolar Disorder and Major Depression. Regression analyses were performed to assess the association (adjusted odds ratios, p≤0.001 for all outcomes) between SMI subtypes and clinical outcomes. Results: Out of 6,968,777 AMI hospitalizations between 2004 and 2014, 439,544 (6.5%) had an SMI diagnosis. Although patients with Schizophrenia and ONOP experienced higher crude rates of in-hospital mortality and stroke compared to those without SMI, only Schizophrenia patients were at increased odds of mortality (1.10[1.04,1.16]), while ONOP were the only group at increased odds of stroke (1.53[1.42,1.65]) following multivariate adjustment. Patients with ONOP were the only group associated with increased odds of in-hospital bleeding compared to those without SMI (1.11[1.04,1.17]). All SMI subtypes were less likely to receive coronary angiography and PCI, with the Schizophrenia group being at least odds of either procedure (0.46[0.45,0.48] and 0.57[0.55,0.59], respectively). Conclusion: Schizophrenia and 'other non-organic psychoses' are the only SMI subtypes associated with adverse clinical outcomes after AMI. However, all patients with SMI were less likely to receive invasive management for AMI, with women and schizophrenia diagnosis being the strongest predictors of conservative management. A multidisciplinary approach between psychiatrists and cardiologists could improve outcomes of this high-risk population. Patients with severe mental illness (SMI) are a high-risk group for cardiovascular disease. The present study examined the prevalence and outcomes of SMI patients in a national AMI cohort. SMI has doubled in prevalence amongst AMI patients, mainly due to a rise in Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder. Only Schizophrenia and 'Other non-organic psychoses' groups were associated with worse outcomes, but all SMI subtypes were less likely to receive invasive management for their AMI.


We propose a virtual-PON based Mobile Fronthaul (MFH) architecture that allows direct communications between edge points (enabling EAST-WEST communication). Dynamic slicing improves service multiplexing while supporting ultra-low latency under 100μs between cells and MEC nodes.


The Chronic heart and kidney disease are serious and common amongst the world population. They often appear simultaneously and they can cause each other, while they share a multitude of underlying risk conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. To help tackle cardiorenal disease, the European Commission funded the CARRE interdisciplinary research consortium to compile a variety of personalized alerting, planning and educational services so that patients and professionals alike are empowered and can make shared informed decisions. CARRE project uses commonly available personal sensors, such as activity trackers, scales and personal health records, to collect information about the person, which is then projected against current medical knowledge to produce a personalized risk prediction model. This paper presents an overview of the project outcomes including breakthroughs in sensor technology, semantic technologies, visual analytics, and decision support services.


IN A DEVELOPMENT that promises to ease structural analysis of proteins, British researchers have found a way to determine protein structures by using only basic and easy-to-obtain data complemented by theoretical calculations. The new approach, based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) chemical shifts, is faster and simpler than conventional NMR methods. Typically, NMR protein structures are based on interatomic distances, but these are difficult to measure. On the other hand, chemical shifts are the most readily obtained and accurate NMR parameters. They provide information about the molecular environment of atoms. They're used to determine structures of small molecules, and they're usually the first thing chemistry undergrads learn about NMR. Researchers have wanted to use chemical shifts to determine protein structures because that sidesteps the need to make time-consuming nuclear Overhauser effect measurements. NOEs, which are pairwise distances between specific atoms, are currently the p...


Environmental context. The environmental fate and bioavailability of metal ions in natural waters is determined by their thermodynamic stability and kinetic features, both of which are distributed and depend on the metal ion loading of the system. Diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT) is a dynamic technique for metal speciation analysis that measures a certain portion of these complexes as determined by its operational timescale. Reliable interpretation of data furnished by DGT necessitates characterisation of its features for the particular case of heterogeneous complexes. Abstract. Owing to their inherent heterogeneity, the thermodynamic stability of metal ion complexes with natural ligands is characterised by a distribution, and thus is a function of metal-to-ligand ratio. The kinetic features of such metal complexes are also distributed and can be probed by dynamic speciation techniques. The kinetic regime of the metal complex sample can be manipulated via the metal-to-ligand ratio, and the timescale over which kinetic parameters are actually in effect is defined by the window of the chosen technique. Here we detail the kinetic features of diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT), and show that the range of attainable measurement timescales (τ) is rather limited: variation of the gel layer thickness practically allows only one order of magnitude in τ to be scanned. The more effective use of DGT to probe the distribution of dynamic metal species in heterogeneous systems is via variation of the metal-to-ligand ratio in the sample solution. Compilation of the literature DGT data for natural waters shows that by assuming a Freundlich isotherm relationship, the degree of heterogeneity is reflected in the measured DGT concentration as a function of metal ion loading.


Objective:To construct chimeric T cell receptor (chTCR), which comprise scFv anti-erbB2, CD28 molecule, and CD3ζchain. They were cloned into pcDNA3 in sequence. The plasmids were transduced into peripheral blood T lymphocytes by electroporation to express chTCR on the surface of T cells. The anti-tumor efficacy was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Methods: scFv anti-erbB2 was preserved in our lab. The intracellular, transmembrane. and extracellular portion of human CD28 molecule and the cytoplasmic domain of CD3ζchain were obtained by RT-PCR from the total RNA, respectively. Then, these domains were cloned into pcDNA3. After confirmed by restriction endonuclease analysis, the plasmids were transfected into human peripheral T lymphocytes by electroporation. The binding of the transduced T cells to Her2 protein was determined by flow cytometry. The antigen-specific tumor-killing effect of genetransduced T cells was evaluated by a non radio activated cytotoxic assay. Finally, the anti-tumor efficacy of adoptive transfer of gene-modified T cells was evaluated against the BT-474 implanted tumor in nude mice. Results:We successfully constructed anti-erbB2 chTCR and expressed them on the surface of T cells. The genetic-engineering T cells had the ability to bind with Her2 tumor antigen in vitro and had the antigen-specific tumor killing effects. The genetic-engineering T cells significantly suppressed the growth of erbB2-positive BT-474 implanted tumors in irradiated BALB/c nude mice. Conclusion: T lymphocytes expressing chTCR have antigen-specific anti-tumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo. These preclinical studies demonstrates that human T cells might provide new approach for adoptive tumor immunotherapy.


In the study of the phylogeny of plants there are certain general principles upon which conclusions are based, among.which the law of recapitulation is of the utmost importance. This law in its application to plant anatomy shows that primitive conditions are found in the seedling and in the first annual ring of growth. Furthermore, investigation has shown other primitive regions, viz., the root, the leaf petiole, and the reproductive axis. Experimental work has also demonstrated the value of traumatic regions. Studies in these directions have shown that the root is the most conservative, while the stem is the most progressive region of the plant, and consequently this latter organ loses its ancestral characters sooner than any other. It has further been shown that of these organs, the leaf petiole and reproductive axis are more progressive than the root, but not so much so as the stem, which makes them valuable as localities of transitional tendencies. Lastly, but by no means of the least importance, is the region of injury. Many examples might be cited in illustration of these general principles taken from the anatomical features of the Conifers, an exceptionally favorable group for studies of this nature, owing to the abundance of fossil material of ancestral forms. One exemplification will serve. Pinus is considered to be the lowest genus of the Abietineae, a group in which resin canals appear normally in the woody cylinder, but in Abies, and other of the Abietineae, resin canals do not normally develop in the wood of the stem, but are found in the xylem of the root and other conservative organs, as well as in traumatic regions, thus illustrating the principles of retention and reversion. Since it has been somewhat generally admitted by competent investigators that the Abietae have been derived from the true pines, or Pineae, the natural inference is, that the conditions found in these conservative regions, just mentioned, may be taken as phylogenetic evidence of ancestral conditions (i). Still further illustrations of


A range of international bodies undertake assessments of Ireland's competitiveness and many of these have high visibility among international investors and commentators. This paper reviews these international assessments of Ireland's competitiveness and draws together their key findings in relation to Ireland's competitiveness.


Paris/Stockholm, 9 June 2022: After two years of social distancing, the members of EUROSAC got together for a physical congress on 20 May in Bilbao. Under the theme "Paper sacks on the move!", around 130 participants discussed recent developments for the fast-developing paper sack and sack kraft paper industry. In the focus of discourse were challenges and opportunities of paper sack recycling in Europe. As one highlight of the congress, the industry's most remarkable innovations from the past year were presented during the annual EUROSAC Grand Prix Award. The Gold Award went to dy-pack for Tidy, and the Silver Award was handed to Nordic Paper. Crown Van Gelder, Fiorini Packaging and Novidon received Bronze and Public Choice.


While wide-azimuth seismic surveys represent a routine in land environments, in marine environments things go differently. Conventional offshore 3D acquisition is still being performed mainly using narrow azimuth streamer configurations, even in structura


Controlled experiments were designed to evaluate the high frame rate (HFR) imaging method and compare it with the conventional D&S method on sidelobe, spatial resolution, contrast resolution, and detectability. A point object or modified ATS512 contrast-detail tissue-mimicking phantom was placed in a water tank, and a modified Acuson V2 array transducer was used. RF echoes were obtained with a homemade HFR imaging system. Data were constructed with both the Fourier-based method (with 1, 11, 19, and 91 transmissions) and the D&S method of 91 transmissions. The Fourier-based method provides a continuous compromise between image frame rate and image quality. At the same frame rate (91 transmissions), the Fourier-based method has a higher resolution and lower sidelobe than the D&S method, even at its transmission focal distance.


Renovascular
hypertension was produced in rats by partially clipping the left renal artery. The changes of the
responsiveness of dopamine 1 (DA 1) receptor on isolated visceral vascular rings were
observed during development of renovascular hypertension.The results showed that the
vasocontraction responsiveness of renal and mesenteric arteries induced by norepinephrine
(3 μ mol·L 1 ) increased during 2, 4 and 12 weeks after clipping left renal artery, the
vasocontraction reactivity at 12 weeks declined compared with at 4 weeks; and the
vasodilation responsiveness induced by fenoldopam, a selective DA 1 receptor
agonists,decreased to the lowest level,and retained the similar level to 12 weeks. It is
suggested that the decrease in vasorelaxing response induced by DA 1 receptor play an
important role in persistent hypertension.


[Problem] To provide a non-aqueous electrolyte battery separator which has excellent heat resistance and dimension stability, can be manufactured by a simple method and steps without a coating layer peeling etc. during a process such as battery creation, and is not susceptible to humidity. [Solution] This non-aqueous electrolyte battery separator comprises a woven or nonwoven fabric support body formed from organic fibers, and a support body covering layer containing inorganic oxide hydrated particles and an organopolysiloxane that satisfy numerical expression (1), and is characterized in that the surface resistivity of the separator is at least 10 15 Ω/□.
(1) 3 ≤ d50 ≤ 120 (nm)
(d50 represents the particle diameters of 50 vol% of the total volume counted from the small particle side in a particle size distribution of the inorganic oxide hydrated particles measured by dynamic light scattering. However, if a particle is not spherical, the particle diameter is regarded as being the diameter of a sphere corresponding to the same volume as the non-spherical particle. The unit for d50 is nm.)


5-th generation of mobile networks (5G) speeds up the data rate, serves more users, and improves the support for machine-to-machine communication. This paper investigates the impact of different communication technologies on the performance of UGVs (Unmanned Ground Vehicle). Specifically, we study the UGV energy consumption and decision time when it replaces the previous generation of cellular networks with 5G. Then, we propose a new test bed to extensively evaluate the performance of state-of-the-art communication technologies as well as 5G using several lab tests. Our extensive experiments, employing the proposed setting, show while using 3G takes more than 6 seconds to make a decision, using 5G, instead, decreases the decision time to less than 0.5 seconds.


Brain research is concerned with two types of electrophysiological signals: neural action potentials (AP), which are also known as spikes, and local field potentials (LFP). The demand for an increased spatial and temporal resolution leads to an enlarged data rate which has to be handled by an assumed wireless link between the signal sources and the base station. Without data compression, these data rates would conflicting the neurophysiological restrictions in terms of low energy and low area consumption. The theory of Compressed Sensing (CS) can be utilized to perform data compression right after or during the acquisition of the neural data. In order to apply a joint CS infrastructure to AP and LFP, a common basis in which both signal types can be characterized as sufficiently sparse has to be found. In this paper, we investigate and compare four different well-known bases for the joint compression of LFP and AP of which the discrete cosine transform (DCT) turns out to be best suited.


In 1970, the Chester County Water Resources Authority (Pennsylvania) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) established a longterm water-quality network with the goal of assessing the quality of streams in the county and understanding stream changes in response to urbanization using benthic-macroinvertebrate data (Lium, 1977). This database represents one of the longest continuous water-quality data sets in the country. Benthic macroinvertebrates are aquatic insects, such as mayflies, caddisflies, riffle beetles, and midges, and other invertebrates that live on the stream bottom. Benthic macroinvertebrates are useful in evaluating stream quality because their habitat preference and low motility cause them to be affected directly by substances that enter the aquatic system. By evaluating the diversity and community structure of benthic-macroinvertebrate populations, a determination of stream quality can be made. Between 1981 and 1997, the water-quality network consisted of 43 sites in 5 major basins in Chester County—Delaware, Schuylkill, Brandywine, Big Elk and Octoraro, and Red and White Clay. Benthicmacroinvertebrate, water-chemistry, and habitat data were collected each year in October or November during base-flow conditions (Reif, 1999; 2000). Using these data, Reif (2002) evaluates the overall water-quality condition of Chester County streams. This Fact Sheet summarizes the key findings from Reif (2002) for streams in the Red Clay and White Clay Creek Basins. These streams include East Branch Red Clay Creek (site 26),West Branch Red Clay Creek (site 27),East Branch White Clay Creek (site 28), theMiddle Branch White Clay Creek (site 29), andWest Branch White Clay Creek (site 30) (fig. 1). This summary includes an analysis of stream conditions on the basis of benthic-macroinvertebrate samples and an analysis of trends in stream conditions for the 17-year study period.


Abstract Introduction The COVID pandemic effects on the control of chronic diseases such as diabetes has been a growing concern. UK based studies have shown that during the pandemic, there were unfortunate reductions in A1c testing, an increase in diabetes related mortality, and an increased concern of subpar care in the outpatient setting. With the pandemic currently present in the US over a year, we retrospectively analyzed the trends of diabetic emergencies as it relates to A1c ordering frequency and telemedicine utilization. Methods Using the EPIC database, patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes that were affiliated with the institution's primary care and endocrinology outpatient centers were selected. From this patient population, diabetes related ER visits/ admissions (hyperglycemia, DKA, HHS), A1c ordering frequency, average A1c and telemedicine utilization (telephone visits/ virtual visits) were reviewed under the following phases from January 1, 2019 - August 31, 2021: PRE-COVID (January 1, 2019 - February 29, 2020); COVID (March 1, 2020 - December 31, 2020) and VACCINATION (Jan 1, 2021 - August 31, 2021). Generalized linear models were used to assess the impact of COVID-19 on ED visits/admissions, telemedicine and A1c ordering frequency; while their numbers were compared between the three phases. Spearman correlation was used to assess correlation between variables of interest. Results A total of 10,083 patients were included in the study. There were statistically significant differences in the average monthly ED visits and admissions between the phases COVID and VACCINATION as compared to PRE-COVID with an average increase of 4 visits during COVID as compared to PRE-COVID (p = 0. 0061) and an average increase of 5 visits during VACCINATION as compared to PRE-COVID (p = 0. 0048). Telemedicine utilization increased by an average of 284 during COVID as compared to PRE-COVID (p < 0. 0001). On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in A1c ordering during the COVID phase as compared to PRE-COVID by an average of 294 (p = 0. 0003) which returned to similar ordering frequencies to PRE-COVID during the VACCINATION phase. Of note there were no statistically significant difference of average A1c throughout each phase. There was significant positive correlation between telemedicine visits and ED visits/ admission where hospital visits increased with increased telemedicine utilization (ρ = 0.49; p = 0. 0049) . On the other hand there was significant negative correlation between telemedicine and A1c ordering frequency (ρ = -0.46; p = 0. 0076). There was no significant correlation between ED visits/hospital admissions with A1c ordering frequency however. Conclusion Correlations between telemedicine utilization, hospital visits and A1c monitoring suggest a negative impact of telemedicine utilization on A1c monitoring and the frequency of acute diabetic complications during the COVID pandemic. Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.


The effects of fuel composition,compression ratio,air-fuel equivalence ratio,inlet air temperature and pressure on the homogeneous charge compression ignition(HCCI) engine were studied by taking the mixture of the DME,methane/propane,and mixture of n-heptane and iso-octane as the fuel.The calculation results indicate that the ignition delay is reduced with the increase of octane number while it is raised with the increase of octane number.The compression ratio,air-fuel equivalence ratio and inlet air temperature have great effects on the ignition time of above three kinds of fuel.The inlet air pressure has the relatively less influence on the ignition delay of the high octane number fuel,but has an obvious effect on the ignition delay of the high octane number fuel.


Abstract Procambarus (Austrocambarus) cavernicola, a new species of stygobitic crayfish known only from Gabriel Cave, Oaxaca, Mexico, is described. The new species is characterised by a body that lacks pigmentation, except for small purple spots on the eyes; with small setae on the tip of the eye; elongated chelipeds, with the surface of chela covered with small tufts of short setae; first pleopod of form I male with mesial process elongated and conical, triangular central projection, reduced cephalic process and cephalic shoulder forming convex border; annulus ventralis with preannular plate covered with short setae, postannuluar plate oval-shaped, with blunt tubercles. The new species is morphologically similar to other stygobite members of the subgenus Austrocambarus from the Oaxaca–Veracruz area, whose relationships are discussed. The distributions and levels of adaptation to the subterranean environment of 16 cave-inhabiting taxa of Procambarus in Mexico are reviewed.


Dr. Richard T. Cimino is a Lecturer in the Experiential Engineering Education Department (ExEEd) at Rowan University. He received his Ph.D in Chemical & Biochemical Engineering from the Rutgers University, with a focus in adsorption science and the characterization of porous materials. His research interests include engineering ethics and broadening inclusivity in engineering, especially among the LGBTQ+ community. His funded research explores the effects of implicit bias on ethical decision making in the engineering classroom. He teaches common first and second year engineering courses at Rowan University.


A possibility to use the first three Fourier harmonics for practical calculation of the temperature regime in a concrete mixture in a solar installation is established. The maximum calculation error is at most 3%


Surface modification of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)-stabilized gold clusters (1.8 ± 0.6 nm) with aminated cyclodextrins induced aerobic oxidative kinetic resolution of racemic secondary alcohols (krel = 1.2).


The present invention relates to small peptides useful for treating angiogenic diseases, also relates to polynucleotides encoding these small peptides, vectors containing the polynucleotides and cells, and the use of these peptides, polynucleotides, vectors or cells for treatment of vascular the method of generating diseases and pharmaceutical compositions thereof.


The method of constructing Kirkman triple system with order 6n+3 is proposed. The fundamental theory of constructing Kirkman triple system with order 6n+3 is described and the conclusion is proved. The process of construction Kirkman triple system with order 27 and 45 are proposed in detail. The conclusion suggested that the fundamental theory of constructing Kirkman triple system which provided a new and effective ways for constructing Kirkman triple system of order 6n+3.


Objective To clarify the uncertain picture about the relationship of the Glu298Asp polymorphism of the eNOs gene with EH by conducting a case-control study of a relatively large group. Methods 277 patients with essential hypertension were selected from the outpatient clinics at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University. Genomic DNA was extracted . The eNOs Glu298As polymorphism was detected by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Results No significant difference was observed in the comparison of either genotype distribution or allele frequencies between hypertensive and normotensive groups. The frequencies of GG, GT, and TT genotypes at amino acid 298 were 84. 1% , 14.4% , 1.4% in hypertensive subjects and 85. 6% , 13. 5% , 0. 9% in normotensive subjects (P = 0. 73) . The frequencies of the Asp allele were 8. 7% and 7.7% , respectively (P = 0. 50). We analyzed the data by stratifying patients and control subjects according to age ,gender and BMI . Difference in the genotype distributions was also not seen. In addition, no significant difference was found when a subgroup of hypertensives having family history of hypertension was compared with the controls without family history (P = 0. 25) . When we assumed a recessive model of inheritance and the GG and GT genotype were combined and compared with the TT genotype, No significant difference was observed in the comparison of genotype (GG + GT versus TT) distribution between hypertensive and normotensive groups (P = 0. 49). Logistic regression was used to assess interactions between age, sex, family history of hypertension, TC, TG and BMI and the eNOs genotypes. Age, BMI, family history of hypertension and alcohol intake are independent risk factors of hypertension. The OR are 1. 09 (P 0 . 001) , 1. 28 (P 0. 001) , 9. 53 (P0.001) and 2.26 (P0. 05) respectively. Conclusions In summary, our data supporting body mass index (BMI) , age, family history and alcohol intake are independent risk factors for essential hypertension. And our data suggest that the eNOs Glu298Asp variant is not a major risk factor for essential hypertension in Dalian.


The groundwater levels of dryland in Shanghai suburbs were observed at regular intervals between May and December of 2007,and the groundwater nutrients were also determined.The results showed that just after rain the groundwater level rose rapidly and then fell slowly until the equilibrium;The groundwater level fluctuated daily with a range of 3~6 cm,and was the lowest at 12:00 and the highest between 20:00 and 22:00) The nitrate concentration of groundwater increased obviously after rain but decreased obviously when the groundwater level fell,being different at various groundwater levels;Both the nitrate concentration of groundwater and the nitrate content of soil layer gradually decreased from top to bottom.


Nakajima and Terakado (2003) measured rare earth elements in stream waters from eleven locations in the Rokko granite area. The present paper examines their data in the light of a model in which each sample arises from mixing two sources, followed by concentration or dilution. The concentrations of rare earth elements in the specimens will then follow particular equations, and a straight line will be seen if the data are plotted in a certain way. It is concluded that data from some, perhaps all, of the locations is compatible with this model.


Unit cell dimensions and oxygen contents of Ba2YCu3O7-y were determined at room temperature for two kinds of specimens with different oxygen contents as functions of annealing temperatures. Unit cell dimensions of ordered orthorhombic phases increase linearly with decreasing oxygen content regardless of the phase transition temperature which is about 570°C. This is evidence for existence of intrinsic phase transition caused by ordering of oxygen atoms. It has been found that oxygen content 7-y equals -5.454c+70.512 where c is c cell dimensions in angstroms.