Breath-holding spells (BHS) affect 0.1 to 4.6% of children. ARSs are most often observed at the age of 6–18 months, and are associated with autonomic nervous system dysregulation, delayed myelination of the brain stem, iron deficiency anemia. The article presents information from domestic and foreign literature on the features of pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, assessment and treatment of children with BHS. A search was performed in MEDLINE, PubMed, e-library using the keywords: «affective-respiratory seizures», «breath-holding seizure in children». The search strategy included meta-analyzes, randomized controlled trials and clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews.


This study aimed to identify the effect of resveratrol and sulforaphane on the regulation of inflammation in the orofacial inflammation-induced model. Orofacial inflammation was induced by injecting 5% formalin (50 μl) under the skin of the right side of the face of rats using an insulin syringe. Resveratrol and sulforaphane were found to suppress the secretion of IL-6 or IL-1β and regulate the expression of Nrf2 (or NFE2L2: Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2), iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthases) or Nox4 (NADPH oxidase 4). Resveratrol and sulforaphane seem to regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 or IL-1β) and iNOS/Nrf2, and thus to reduce and protect against orofacial inflammation.


The particular charm of these selections is due to the fact that they make available for schools a large repertory of music cast in a modern idiom, and yet nicely adapted to the technical abilities and expressional capacities of children. In all probabilty, the child today, like the adult, has characteristic ranges of musical feeling that are different from those possessed by children of other periods in history. His ears are attuned also to rhythms and harmonies and tonal procedures of all kinds that were absent from those present in older music. That he should have, in addition to the folktunes and classical music of other ages, some music that expresses this un-analyzable but indubitably present modern spirit and technique is unquestionably desirable: and no better music of the kind can be found than that which is issued in the YEAR BOOK PRESS SERIES of Unison and Part Songs.


By mass, thermal plasma dominates near-earth space and strongly influences the transport of energy and mass into the earth's atmosphere. It is proposed to play an important role in modifying the strength of space weather storms by its presence in regions of magnetic reconnection in the dayside magnetopause and in the near to mid-magnetotail. Ionospheric-origin thermal plasma also represents the most significant potential loss of atmospheric mass from our planet over geological time. Knowledge of the loss of convected thermal plasma into the solar wind versus its recirculation across high latitudes and through the magnetospheric flanks into the magnetospheric tail will enable determination of the mass balance for this mass-dominant component of the Geospace system and of its influence on global magnetospheric processes that are critical to space weather prediction and hence to the impact of space processes on human technology in space and on Earth. Our proposed concept addresses this basic issue of Geospace dynamics by imaging thermal He(+) ions in extreme ultraviolet light with an instrument on the lunar surface. The concept is derived from the highly successful Extreme Ultraviolet imager (EUV) flown on the Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) spacecraft. From the lunar surface an advanced EUV imager is anticipated to have much higher sensitivity, lower background noise, and higher communication bandwidth back to Earth. From the near-magnetic equatorial location on the lunar surface, such an imager would be ideally located to follow thermal He(+) ions to high latitudes, into the magnetospheric flanks, and into the magnetotail.


The Library's constant growth in variety as well as in physical size is nicely illustrated by the recent acquirement of the three books which form the subject of this article. Not only is a very wide range of American material available, but also we are reaching out into other lands and other times.


To bridge the digital divide, subsidized access to information and communications technology (ICT) is often provided in less-developed countries. While such efforts can be helpful, their effectiveness depends on targeted users' willingness to utilize the ICT provided. This study examines the factors influencing individuals' use of one such ICT, public internet kiosks, in Mauritius. Findings from a survey indicate that individuals' self-efficacy, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control have significant effects. This study contributes to research by highlighting key factors influencing the use of public internet kiosks and discussing how the factors' perception and assessment differ from those in the developed world. Mauritius also provides an interesting context for this study, as her government has been actively promoting the diffusion of ICT in the country yet there have been limited empirical studies on Mauritian and sub-Saharan African users in the digital divide research. Suggestions for promoting the use public internet kiosks in less-developed countries are also provided.


Diagnosing the febrile returned traveller is a problem faced ever more frequently by the practising physician. This article aims to provide a structured approach to what may, at first, seem a complex issue.


Children with disabilities in Texas began to receive services through managed care Medicaid on November 1, 2016.1 Managed care organizations (MCOs) are often charged with the aim to reduce costs, particularly for the small but high health care–using population of children with medical complexity (CMC). We describe a child whose loss of services through managed care Medicaid resulted, ironically, in unnecessary use of health care resources.

"John" was a 15-month-old male infant with a constellation of congenital anomalies, global developmental delay, insufficient oral intake with dysphagia necessitating gastrostomy tube (GT) placement, facial dysmorphisms, a bicuspid aortic valve, bilateral hearing loss, visual impairment, seizures, and a pineal gland cyst.

Because of his complex medical needs, John's primary care physician documented a medical necessity for skilled nursing and ordered 56 hours/week of private duty nursing (PDN) services through a home health nursing agency. The Medicaid MCO involved in John's case initially approved only 45 hours/week. This decision led to multiple appeals, peer-to-peer discussions, and a fair hearing. Ultimately, the MCO upheld the 45 hours/week ruling. Despite a decrease of only 11 hours/week in nursing hours, the mother relied on John's family members, who were not as familiar with the necessity and administration of GT feeds, to care for him while she continued to attend school.

Subsequently, John presented to the emergency department in September with a reported 2-month history of weight loss and developmental regression. His mother and home health habilitative therapists noted regression in gross motor milestones.

Three days before admission, he experienced 6 episodes of emesis, fussiness, irritability, and weakness, and his mother noted a weight loss of 3 pounds. During this time, his mother reported several episodes of …


Semantic grasping aims to make stable robotic grasps suitable for specific object manipulation tasks. While existing semantic grasping models focus only on the grasping regions of objects based on their affordances, reasoning about which gripper to use for grasping, e.g., a rigid parallel-jaw gripper or a soft gripper, and how strongly to grasp the target object allows more sophisticated robotic manipulation. In this letter, we create a knowledge graph of robotic manipulation named roboKG to represent information about objects (e.g., the material and the components of an object), tasks, and appropriate robotic manipulation such as which component of an object to grasp, which gripper to use, and how strongly to grasp. Using knowledge graph embedding, we generate semantic representations of the entities and relations in roboKG, enabling us to make predictions on robotic manipulation. Based on the predicted gripper type, grasping component, and grasping force, a real robot performs seven different real-world tasks on 42 household objects, achieving an accuracy of 95.21%.


The Environmental Analysis Section (EAS) of the Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) conducted a quarterly monitoring program of the Fourmile Branch (FMB) stream and its associated seepline located down gradient from the F- and H-Area Seepage Basins from May 1992 to May 2995. The overall summary (1989-1998) indicates that the tritium plumes are surfacing in somewhat localized areas along the F-Area and 643-E seeplines.


Objective. To compare general pediatric knowledge acquisition and clinical problem-solving skills by students preand postcurricular reform based on the 1994 Ambulatory Pediatric Association and the Council on Medical Student Education in Pediatrics (APA–COMSEP) curricular guidelines. Setting. A large, urban academic medical center. Subjects. Third-year medical students on a required clerkship in Pediatrics. Intervention. Preand postcurricular revision, the students were given both the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Pediatric Subject Examination and an objective examination, which was developed inhouse, based on the APA–COMSEP guidelines (Pediatric Clerkship Examination [PCE]). Baseline data before curricular revision were obtained on 52 students from May 1995 to May 1996. After curricular redesign in May 1996, data were obtained on 42 students from May 1996 to May 1997. Curricular revision focused on the following: defining educational principles, selecting teaching strategies, defining learning objectives, implementing the curriculum, and evaluating the students with an examination. Results. Before curricular revision, the average NBME score was 521 6 122. The average PCE score was 53.7% 6 10.1%. After curricular revision, the average NBME score was 520 6 109, and the average PCE score was 67.7% 6 8.4%. Content areas showing the greatest improvement were fluids and electrolytes, issues pertaining to the newborn, and health supervision. Conclusions. Our baseline data indicate that despite spending two thirds of the clerkship in the ambulatory setting, students did not acquire adequate general pediatric knowledge or clinical problem-solving ability. After broad clerkship revision based on the APA–COMSEP Core Curriculum, students' acquisition of general pediatric knowledge and clinical problem-solving improved significantly, as measured by the PCE. The overall NBME Pediatric Subject Examination scores did not reflect this increased acquisition of general pediatric knowledge. Pediatrics 1999;103:898–901; pediatric clerkship, general pediatric competencies, curricular reform. ABBREVIATIONS. APA, Ambulatory Pediatric Association; COMSEP, Council on Medical Student Education in Pediatrics; NBME, National Board of Medical Examiners; PCE, Pediatric Clerkship Examination. Health care delivery in the United States has undergone dramatic change in the past 15 years. Medical education, however, has been slow to react to this new paradigm; despite the increasing shift of medicine into the ambulatory setting, students often spend a majority of their time on the wards and have limited exposure to ambulatory patients. Clerkship curricula often focus on diseases encountered in the inpatient setting, a problem that has grown more severe as the nature of hospitalized patients has become limited to those with complex or multiple coexisting diseases, those who have failed to respond to outpatient treatment, or those who need the advanced technology of intensive care units.1 Leaders in medical education have recognized that undergraduate medical education has not provided adequate teaching of important generalist competencies. The Association of American Medical Colleges produced a Policy on the Generalist Physician that states: "Medical schools should require that all medical students have meaningful curricular experiences in the generalist specialties."2 The physician's role has been redefined to that of caring for the health and wellbeing of a group of patients over time, providing patient care that is comprehensive and longitudinal, and incorporating health-promoting tasks, in addition to the care of acute and chronic illnesses.3 In addition, the principles of prevention, therapeutics, and supportive care should be taught to meet the needs of patients, their families, and their communities. The Ambulatory Pediatric Association (APA) and the Council on Medical Student Education in Pediatrics (COMSEP) recognized a need for curricular reform in pediatric undergraduate medical education. A task force with broad national representation developed a Core Curriculum in General Pediatrics to help pediatric clerkship directors plan and implement curricular change. This curriculum outlined goals and objectives in the following 10 areas: health supervision, growth and development, behavior, nutrition, prevention of illness and injury, genetics, common pediatric problems, therapeutics, fluids and electrolytes, and pediatric emergencies.4 It also recommended that ;50% of a From the *Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Cedars– Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and the ‡Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Center for Health Sciences, Los Angeles, California. Received for publication Dec 31, 1998; accepted Jan 5, 1999. Address correspondence to Stuart J. Slavin, MD, MEd, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Medical Center, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA


With the rapid decline in costs, China's new energy development has entered a new period of subsidies. In order to achieve energy transition, new energy will keep playing a greater role, reflected in the installed power capacity and power generation electricity. How to improve the new energy carrying capacity of power system and promote the healthy development of new energy are still important problems, on which should be paid more attention in the future. Firstly, the changing trend of new energy generation cost has been analyzed in this paper. Then the development of new energy in the future has been pointed out. Thirdly, the comprehensive measures have been proposed to improve the accommodation capacity, and the relevant policy recommendations also have been figured out finally.


Commercially developed basal reading programs are used in most elementary school classrooms in this country. Yet, often neither the publishers developing these programs nor the members of state and local textbook adoption committees selecting programs are able to take advantage of the best and most up-to-date knowledge about the reading process and reading instruction. The development and piloting of A Guide to Selecting Basal Reading Programs is a major effort to make such knowledge available to publishers and members of adoption committees. The Guide presents current information about research and practice in reading and provides guidelines for evaluating basal reading programs. Case studies of 4 textbook adoption committees that piloted the Guide are presented. In general, these committees found the Guide contributed to a more informed selection process and committee members focused more attention on substantive issues associated with the quality of instruction and content and less attention on superficial aspects of programs and political considerations. In particular, 4 factors contributed to the successful use of the Guide: committee leadership, committee enthusiasm, adequate time to use the materials, and in-service support from a knowledgeable source. The role of this project in the larger endeavor to improve reading instruction in our elementary schools is addressed.


Vemuri et al. show that amyloid and vascular pathologies are independent processes, and that both are major drivers of cognitive decline in the elderly. Cognitive reserve as measured by educational/occupational level and mid/late-life cognitive activity seems to offset the deleterious effects of both pathologies on cognitive trajectories.


. We have (1) accumulated long-term (up to 15 years) photo electric photometry of 76 bright pulsating red giants (PRGs) and related stars, with V amplitudes of 0.04 to > 1 magnitude; (2) used a variety of techniques, including autocorrelation, to determine both "short" radial pulsation periods, and long secondary periods; (3) determined pulsation modes using the Q-value method; the modes range from fundamental to second overtone, independent of temperature; (4) tested wavelet analysis on small-amplitude PRGs; (5) made a special study of PRGs with V am plitudes less than 0.1 magnitude; and (6) called further attention to the problem of the long secondary periods of these stars. Our studies provide a "model" for the analysis and interpretation of larger, fainter surveys such as MACHO and OGLE.


National citizenship within the European Union is undergoing a process of Europeanization. Yet, instead of describing this development as 'European citizenship', it is less misleading to anchor the process within the broader context of the Europeanization of other facets of political, economic and social life within the European Union. By interpreting the Europeanization of citizenship as essentially the metamorphosis of an existing concept within a new framework of governance one avoids the difficulties of defining the entity to which any such European citizenship would be attached. Moreover, it can be argued that the alleged benefits of a European citizenship can be achieved, and are being achieved, by other means. Such means include legal harmonization, the development of an EU social policy and the gradual establishment of a more effective European Parliament. To encapsulate such changes under the rubric of European citizenship may oversimplify a fairly complex process or, worse still, generate misconceptions by reconstructing the term 'citizenship' ad absurdum.


ABSTRACT The elevational gradient in biodiversity, i.e. the decrease in species richness with increasing altitude, is well established in ecology. Here, we examined the respective gradient of parasitic hymenopterans (Encyrtidae) and plants in the Lagodekhi National Park (Country of Georgia) across an elevational gradient from 665 m to 2559 m a.s.l. by means of a year-round sampling of insects and a seasonal sampling of plants. Contrary to expectation, we found species richness of both taxa to peak at highest elevations. This unusual pattern was related to particular shifts in vegetation types, from relatively species-poor forests over rich grasslands towards poorer highland scrub vegetation. Our results call for a closer look at elevational gradients and highlights the need for including vegetation types in the assessment of altitudinal diversity gradients.


We consider semi‐linearized compressible Navier–Stokes equations, in a two‐dimensional periodic domain, introducing in this scheme generalized diffusive terms. After rewriting the equations in terms of a potential flow for the velocity, we prove existence and regularity for a suitable class of weak solutions.


The media and crisis communication of a company operate according to different logics. The media are known to be more entertainment driven, while the company tries to remain trustworthy and publish ...


Nuclear DNA C-value is an important genomic biodiversity character with many uses. An international workshop sponsored by Annals of Botany and held at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK, in 1997 identified major gaps in our knowledge of plant DNA C-values and recommended targets for new work. Improved taxonomic coverage was highlighted as a key need for angiosperms, especially at the familial level. In 1997 C-values were known for only approx. 32% of angiosperm families; a goal of complete familial representation by 2002 was recommended. A review published in 2000 (Bennett et al.;Annals of Botany86: 859–909) noted poor progress towards this aim: of the 691 first C-values for species only 12 (1.7%) were for unrepresented families. We began new work to address this in 1999, reporting first DNA C-values for 25 angiosperm families in 2001 (Hanson et al.;Annals of Botany87: 251–258). Here we report first DNA C-values for a further 25 angiosperm families, increasing familial coverage in angiosperms to approx. 45%. Such targeting remains essential to approach the goal set by the 1997 workshop of familial coverage for angiosperms within 5 years. The 4C DNA amounts presented here range from 0.76 pg (similar toArabidopsis thaliana ) in Roridula gorgonias(Roridulaceae) to 29.74 pg in Gunnera manicata(Gunneraceae). 1C values were < 3.5 pg in 23 of the 25 families; these data provide further support for the view that ancestral angiosperms almost certainly had small genomes (defined as 1C ⩽ 3.5 pg). Chromosome counts are reported for 20 taxa, including first records for one genus and five species.


Abstract 1868

Background ARRY-520 is a kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitor that has demonstrated clinical activity in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Although ARRY-520 is administered IV, it displays variable pharmacokinetics (PK) among patients. The degree of binding of certain drugs to serum proteins can alter their free fraction (fu) and PK, with a possible impact on clinical activity. Alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) is an acute-phase reactant protein that is often elevated in the blood of patients with cancer, including multiple myeloma. We investigated the significance of the interaction of ARRY-520 with AAG, and other relevant blood proteins, using both in vitro models and clinical data.

Methods Compound-protein binding was assessed using several in vitro assays. In addition, the effect of increasing concentrations of AAG on MM cell line viability was measured. Patient data were obtained from 3 clinical studies of ARRY-520: a Phase 1 solid tumor study, a Phase 1/2 AML study, and a Phase 1/2 study in MM. The MM Phase 2 portion consists of 2 separate, 2-stage cohorts. Cohort 1 evaluated ARRY-520 administered as a single agent, and cohort 2 investigated ARRY-520 in combination with low-dose dexamethasone (LoDex). The concentrations of multiple proteins, including AAG, and the degree of ARRY-520 total protein binding, were measured in pre- and post-dose blood samples for patients in the analysis. AAG levels in MM patients were further correlated with time-on-study and clinical response rate.

Results ARRY-520 exhibits low micromolar affinity for AAG in in vitro assays, but not for other common serum proteins, such as albumin. To investigate whether AAG binding impacts biological activity, we found that increasing AAG concentrations within a clinically relevant range resulted in increasing IC50 values for ARRY-520 on MM cell line viability. Of other MM agents tested, none exhibited high affinity binding to AAG in vitro , and a range of AAG concentrations did not alter the cellular activity of these compounds.

Pre-dose concentrations of AAG were measured using blood samples collected from patients on all 3 ARRY-520 studies (0.4 – 4.1 g/L AAG in solid tumor study; 0.5 – 2.4 g/L in AML study; 0.2 – 2.8 g/L in MM study). Post-dose blood samples from the MM study also indicated that AAG levels do not significantly change with time. The fu of ARRY-520 in blood was meaningfully reduced among patients with the highest AAG concentrations. Furthermore, AAG and fu were correlated with changes in clinical PK: CL and Vd decreased with increasing AAG, trends consistent with a lower fu.

Among the MM patients, 72 patients were evaluable for AAG determination (27 from the dose-escalation portion, 27 from Cohort 1, and 18 from Stage 1 of Cohort 2). Across all of these cohorts, the group of patients with AAG above an empirically-determined cutoff of 1.1 g/L showed a decreased median time on study (1.5 months vs 4.7 months) and no clinical responses (0/19 vs 12/53) as compared to patients below this cutoff. For example, as reported separately, ARRY-520 in combination with LoDex showed a promising 22% overall response rate (≥PR) in the 1st-stage of Cohort 2. In this cohort, 6 patients were determined to have AAG concentrations above the empirical cutoff. None of these patients had clinical benefit. Excluding these 6 patients would significantly improve the overall response rate (≥PR) from 22% (4/18) to 33% (4/12).

Summary AAG has been proposed as a prognostic marker for MM disease severitya. Our preliminary data suggest that AAG levels can affect the free fraction of ARRY-520 in blood over a clinically relevant range both preclinically and in clinical studies. In retrospective analysis, patients with higher AAG levels show a lower fu and therefore may not achieve sufficient exposure to gain therapeutic benefit from ARRY-520. In preclinical analyses, this effect is specific to ARRY-520, suggesting that AAG levels may be predictive for ARRY-520 activity relative to other MM drugs. We hypothesize that prospective screening for AAG may enable exclusion of patients who may not achieve therapeutic exposure to ARRY-520, increasing the overall activity of ARRY-520 and preventing exposure of non-responders to an ineffective therapeutic dose. Further, experiments are currently underway to investigate the relevance of other acute-phase proteins in blood.

Disclosures: Tunquist: Array BioPharma: Employment. Off Label Use: ARRY-520 alone and with dexamethasone for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. ARRY-520 is not currently approved for any indication. Brown: Array BioPharma: Employment. Hingorani: Array BioPharma: Employment. Lonial: Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol-Meyers Squibb: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Onyx: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Merck: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Kaufman: Millenium: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Onyx: Consultancy. Zonder: Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Millenium: Honoraria, Research Funding. Orlowski: Array BioPharma: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Shah: Array BioPharma: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Onyx: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Hilder: Array BioPharma: Employment. Ptaszynski: Array BioPharma: Consultancy. Koch: Array BioPharma: Employment. Litwiler: Array BioPharma: Employment. Walker: Array BioPharma: Employment.


A three-section separate injection string for horizontal well water injection is characterized in that an inlet of a first-section injector (6) is cone-shaped, a sliding sleeve body (10) with a sealing body (9) is mounted in a pipe of a second-section injector (12) through a shear pin (8), and an insertion pipe (8) is sleeved on the lower portion of a central pipe (3), inserted into the first-section injector (6), in a self-oiling pipe (2). The three-section separate injection string is used for subsection water injection of oil field horizontal wells. Since the inlet of the first-section injector (6) is cone-shaped, and the sealing body (9) is mounted in the pipe, the central pipe (3) can be guaranteed to be inserted smoothly, and reliable sealing connection is achieved.


When solving partial differential equations with an analog computer, they are usually transformed first to difference equations. This transformation causes truncation errors because of the finite number of sections. In this paper, a method is proposed whereby two solutions involving trun cation errors are extrapolated to find the true solution. The proposed extrapolation formula is based on the fact that the error in the solution is approximately proportional to the square of the section length. It is a quite simple method and has a wide area of application. Application to the diffusion equation resulted in good accuracy. The method is shown to be effective in estimating the error and the optimum number of sections in a traditional dif ference equation solution.


With the implementation of the new curriculum reform, more attention has been paid to the education undertaking. The flipped classroom teaching model is an innovation of the current teaching model. The personalized classroom teaching with students in the center and based on self-study has been increasingly popular among students and teachers. Flipped classroom has promoted the reform of traditional teaching models, and overturned teacher-oriented teaching models. It has been widely applied to classroom teaching practices of various universities and colleges, and achieved satisfying results, greatly improving classroom teaching efficiency, English teaching level and students' learning interest.


The two broad carbon-reducing policies, carbon tax and cap-and-trade, have been implemented at various national and sub-national levels. This paper examines the relationships between emissions-reducing policies and their effect on the country's economic growth (GDP) using carbon tax and CO2 emission as explanatory variables and population and R&D as control variables. The study employs Granger causality analysis (GCA) and panel data regression analysis to find the relationships between GDP, emissions, and carbon tax. GDP usually increases as a country's carbon emissions, carbon tax, R&D, and population increase. The analysis of carbon reduction policies, especially carbon tax and their general impact on a country's economy, is a unique contribution of this study. The applications of this study are to motivate governments to form a national carbon abatement policy and encourage corporate leaders to invest in clean technology to grow the economy.


This article examines Robert Semple's Walks and Sketches at the Cape of Good Hope (1803), a largely forgotten early colonial text which intriguingly blends the genres of travel writing and the sentimental novel. My analysis seeks to place the text within the longer genealogies of South African literature in English by arguing that it anticipates a number of the central concerns this literature, among them sympathy for the suffering of others, the representation of racial and social difference, and the fracturing of metropolitan literary protocols in the colonial context.


An emerging class of end-user programming is the assembly of flow-based applications from a set of reusable components. Testing has become a major challenge, as a very large number of flows can be assembled from a set of components with the expectation of functioning correctly. Faults in assembled flows can create dissatisfaction among users and thereby potentially undermine this end-user programming paradigm We approach this problem as a flow-selection problem, and are interested in ways of testing a subset of flows that provide a high likelihood of revealing faults. We describe a number of flow-selection strategies, which run in the context of a flow pattern, a specification mechanism that constrains the space of assemble-able flows. We evaluate the different strategies on real-world flow patterns in terms of efficiency, i.e., the reduction of flows to test, and effectiveness, measuring of how well the strategies can catch faults.


BACKGROUND Vascular calcification is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). In Western countries, Blacks with ESRD appear to have lesser degrees of vascular calcification compared to non-Blacks. However, there is no published data on the association of ethnic differences in vascular calcification and survival in ESRD from Sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS This study assessed 5-year changes in vascular calcification and mortality in a previously published cohort of patients with ESRD. Vascular calcification was assessed by abdominal aortic calcification score and vascular stiffness by pulse wave velocity. RESULTS Sixty-six of the original 74 participants, studied at baseline, were identified. The median age was 46.6 years (37.6-59.2) and 57.6% were women. Abdominal aortic calcification showed no progression among Blacks [baseline range 0-5, follow up range 0-8 (p=1.00)], but a non-significant trend to progression among non-Blacks [baseline range 0-19, follow up range 0-22 (p=0.066)]. Black participants did not display a survival advantage (p=0.870). Overall, sepsis was the most common cause of mortality (64% of those with an identifiable cause of death). Non-Blacks had higher parathyroidectomy rates than Blacks with 9/30 cases compared to 2/36 (p=0.036). After adjustment for parathyroidectomy at follow up, the odds ratio of having abdominal vascular calcification score of ≥1 amongst non-Blacks was 8.6-fold greater compared to Blacks (p= 0.03). Central aortic systolic pressures (CASP) and pulse wave velocities (PWV) were higher in the study population than age matched normative values. At follow up, a positive correlation (r=0.5) was observed between PWV and abdominal aortic calcification (p=0.047). Elevated baseline coronary artery calcification score and FGF-23 level at baseline were not associated with a difference in mortality. CONCLUSION There was no significant progression in vascular calcification among Blacks. After adjusting for increased parathyroidectomy rates, there was a greater progression of vascular calcification amongst non-Blacks compared to Blacks highlighting possible ethnic differences in calcium phosphate metabolism in patients with ESRD. Lack of vascular calcification progression in Blacks was not associated with improved survival, but the sample size was small.


The development status of urban public transportation,one component of the public services system,directly reflects the urban travel conditions and the overall level of urban development.From the passengers' point of view,theoretical and practical researches in urban public transportation were carried out both at home and abroad in the hope to improve the level of services of the urban public transportation systems.Grounded on the core concepts of the customer satisfaction index model adopted in American public sector,this paper is intended to propose a modified model according to characteristics of transit industry in China,and to perform a validation study of the model.To this end,an on-board survey was conducted along 25 bus lines in Shenyang,with the data analyzed using Structural Equation Models.Based on this survey and its resulting data,including customer expectation,perceived quality,customer satisfaction and royalty,an initial model was established to evaluate urban public transportation services in terms of the above customer satisfaction indices.The analytical and validating results show that the empirical data from the survey enjoyed a good fitness to the theoretical model,which indicates that the model is promising and can be applied to evaluating urban public transportation systems in China.


A comparanive stady was made of specific discharging capacity of metal hydride electrodes (MH) based jn a hydrogen-sorbing AB2 alloy (ZrNi1.2Mn0.5Cr0.2V0.1) and its compositions with an AB5 alloy [the intermetallide LaNi5 with predominating components (Co, Mn, Ca)] in thecourse of the nickel-metal hydride battery formation. The formation of the active mass of the MH electrode (on the fifth charge-discharge cycle) has been found to proceed most effectively at a powder composition ratio of alloys AB2:AB5 = 1:1.


By the end of the sixteenth century, the Japanese mission had become the largest overseas Christian community that was not under the rule of a European power. Its uniqueness was emphasized by Alessandro Valignano since 1582, who promoted a deeper accommodation to Japanese culture. It was also understood by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who issued the first national anti-Christian laws while he was unifying the Japanese empire. The main reason for the religious success of the Catholic Church in Japan was, undoubtedly, the engagement of many converts and their descendents. This article deals with the role of Japanese lay people within the Church, analyzing how individuals gave support to daily activities and how the communities strengthened themselves through the formation of brotherhoods. Japan was then the sole overseas country where all members of those confraternities were locals, in spite of the presence of a colonial elite. KEYWORDS: Portuguese - Japanese Christianity - local communities - brotherhoods (ProQuest-CSA LLC: ... denotes non-USASCII text omitted.) The Portuguese sustained contact with the Japanese for nearly a century (1543-1639).1 The main reason for the regular visits of the nanbanjin ... ("southern barbarians") to the islands was trade, since the Portuguese controlled much of the Sino-Japanese commerce for several decades and founded two new and distinctive cities in the China Sea region: Macao and Nagasaki.2 The ships that sailed between those cities, however, did not carry only goods for trade. They also brought men of different races, animals, many objects (such as glasses, chairs, buttons, or firearms), and scientific knowledge in areas such as geography, medicine, astronomy (see Nakayama 1969) and mathematics (Leitao 2000), which opened a new era in Japan. After centuries of isolation from Europe, Japanese civilization acquired a more accurate understanding of Earth and an awareness of contemporary technological developments.3 The Portuguese, in turn, were initially received by a medieval and anarchic society in the mid-sixteenth century, and were subsequently expelled a century later by a modern and centralized empire. The sengoku had been replaced by the taihei-an evolution that cannot be explained without reference to the nanbanjin contributions (Nosco 2003), who exhibited "for once [...] a genuine international dimension in a period of Japanese history" (Elison 1981, 60). Along with European trade goods and Western cultural influences a new religion also came to Japan. The propagation of Christianity was always one of the motivations which pushed the Portuguese during the Age of Discoveries.4 There was a sincere desire that Christendom would profit from those voyages, enlarging the areas and the populations under the leadership of the Catholic Church, and by the 1460s the Portuguese Crown acquired absolute control of overseas ecclesiastic activities. Later, from the middle of the sixteenth century, when private traders became more autonomous, pushing Portuguese influence to areas where state authority was weak, those adventurers also brought with them clergymen, just as the king's representatives had done before.5 Therefore, the arrival of Portuguese explorers to Japan in 15436 opened a new field to missionary activity, and the first clerics of the Society of Jesus landed in Kagoshima in 1549.7 Christianity in Japan A SUCCESSFUL MISSION The Jesuits were able to found a sizable community in Japan, which had about three hundred thousand baptized by the end of the sixteenth century. It was at the time the largest and most important overseas Christian community not under the control of a colonial power, as was the case with Christian missions in Mexico, Peru, Brazil, the Philippines, or India.8 Most Japanese Christians lived in Kyushu, but Christianization was not a regional phenomenon and had a national impact. By the end of the sixteenth century it was possible to find baptized people in virtually every province of Japan,9 many of them organized in communities. …


We applied FFT simulation to mirrors for TAMA Fabry-Perot Michelson interferometric gravitational wave detector. Phase maps of mirror surfaces were measured by a Fizeu interferometer and used in FFT simulation. The numerical results show that the surface quality of these mirrors are sufficient for the first phase requirements of TAMA.


The popularity of facial fillers for aesthetic rejuvenation is growing. The demands of the patient population for 'minimally invasive' alternatives and improvement in the physical characteristics of the products has fueled this to a large degree. Practitioners administering these products should be highly competent in the nuances of performing these procedures. The most important aspect of successful facial filler injection is competence in understanding the relevant anatomy which enhances outcomes and minimizes complications. This chapter highlights the pearls of facial anatomy as it relates to filler injection techniques.


Case analysis approach is a very important way in developing students' ability to analyse and solve practical problems. This article is to provide students with platform and time to bring students' positive factors and initiative to the full, combine the case study approach with chatting style approach in which teachers play the role of making comments and inducing approach with guiding approach, aiming at developing students' comprehensive ability in the application of case study in three aspects.


The estuarine interface of Upper Newport Bay is located within the San Diego Creek Watershed of south central Orange County, California. The main purpose of the study is to characterize water quality dynamics at the interface. Processes that occur at the interface may affect the quality of life for over 200 types of organisms found in the Upper Newport Bay Ecological Reserve. Salinity patterns were studied by tracing the spatial extent of terrestrial and tidal flows through chloride measurements. San Diego Creek water has a chloride concentration in the range of 150 to 400 mg/L Cl, while Newport Bay water ranges from 15,000 to 19,200 mg/L Cl. Chloride results indicate that there is a degree of mixing at the interface because most of the measured values fall somewhere between the two end member waters. In general, a sheet flow scenario develops where a terrestrial freshwater lens up to 1.1 meters thick floats above a denser saltwater layer, which varies from 0 to 2.9 meters thick. Studying the nutrient and selenium distribution from the top and bottom of the water column indicates possible speciation and stratification of nutrients and selenium. The nutrients are notably stratified, with moderately low nitrate-nitrogen (0.11 to 1.7 mg/L), and low selenium (0.3 to 1.5 ug/L) concentrations in the underlying saltwater layer. In the dominantly terrestrial (dilute) layer there is moderate nitrate-nitrogen (2.5 to 5.5 mg/L) and moderately high selenium (5 to 15 ug/L). Study results point to terrestrial loading of nitrate and selenium to Upper Newport Bay via a sheetflow scenario due to outflow from San Diego Creek.


The analog circuit implementation and the experimental bifurcation analysis of coupled anisochronous self-driven systems modelled by two mutually coupled van der Pol-Duffing oscillators are considered. The coupling between the two oscillators is set in a symmetrical way that linearly depends on the difference of their velocities (i.e., dissipative coupling). Interest in this problem does not decrease because of its significance and possible application in the analysis of different, biological, chemical, and electrical systems (e.g., coupled van der Pol-Duffing electrical system). Regions of quenching behavior as well as conditions for the appearance of Hopf bifurcations are analytically defined. The scenarios/routes to chaos are studied with particular emphasis on the effects of cubic nonlinearity (that is responsible for anisochronism of small oscillations). When monitoring the control parameter, various striking dynamic behaviors are found including period-doubling, symmetry-breaking, multistability, and chaos. An appropriate electronic circuit describing the coupled oscillator is designed and used for the investigations. Experimental results that are consistent with results from theoretical analyses are presented and convincingly show quenching phenomenon as well as bifurcation and chaos.


(07/12/2018) Optimization of morphing flaps based on fluid structure interaction modeling This article describes the design optimization of morphing trailing edge flaps for wind turbines with 'smart blades'. A high fidelity Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) simulation framework is utilized, comprised of 2D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models. A coupled aero-structural simulation of a 10% chordwise length morphing trailing edge flap for a 4 MW wind turbine rotor is carried out and response surfaces are produced with respect to the flap internal geometry design parameters for the design conditions. Surrogate model based optimization is applied in order to converge to a flap design, which maximizes aerodynamic lift control performance while minimizing drag penalty, subject to material strength and manufacturing constraints. The purely structural optimization of the flap response is compared to the coupled aerostructural optimization.


A direct injection type gas burner comprises a burner head and a burner cap. The burner head comprises a hollow frustum-shaped base and a gas outlet pipe which is arranged at the top of the burner head, a gas ejector pipe frame is arranged in the frustum-shaped base, the burner cap is buckled with the top of the gas outlet pipe, a gas mixing cavity is arranged at the top of the gas outlet pipe, and the burner cap covers the gas mixing cavity. Due to the fact that the structure is adopted, gas and air are premixed in the base, the gas outlet pipe is pressured, the gas and the air enter the gas mixing cavity to be released, full mixing of the gas and the air is achieved, and the gas is sufficiently burned, so that an energy-saving purpose is achieved.


The demand for fossil fuel is at an all t ime h igh worldwide. Annually ~30 billion barrels of petroleu m is being consumed worldwide. In this busy society, transportation is vital and, for transportation, petroleum is an obligation. All the major forms of business, agricultural, exports and imports depend on transportation. Transportation requires petroleum to function. Vehicles in the road require fuels, airway transportation requires Aviation fuel and sea transportation requires fuel oil. Fo r not only transportation but also, petroleum is required to make all kind of daily usable plastics. Deplet ion of petroleum is inevitable at th is current rate of consumption. Emissions released fro m evaporation and co mbustion of these fuel contributes to too many environ mental and health problems; including emitting greenhouse gases that contribute immensely to global warming. Annually ~7 billion tons of carbon dioxide is released to the environment due to petroleum emission. Moreover, when the plastics are discarded into the landfill, it becomes waste plastic and since plastic is non-biodegradable, it can remain in the landfill fo r thousands of year. Waste plastics presence in the landfill causes environmental problems e.g., it can cause soil to decay. Alternative source of energy created fro m Solar, W ind, Hydrogen Fuel, Bio mass Fuel, Bio-Diesel, Green Diesel, Bio-ethanol, and Geo-thermal has been proposed as a solution to these problems. A developed process of thermally breaking down the hydrocarbon of chains of plastic has been studied and imp lemented to produce a liquid fuel in the presence of activated carbon. The activated carbon acts as a filter to absorb dye from the waste plastic during the thermal process to increase the quality of the final product. This fuel can be used for all kinds of transportation, and will emit much less emission compared to the current commercial fuel and it will be cost effective.


I believe that what can best define Feliciano Morcuende is his unclassifiable personality (although it seems a paradox), along with his constant commitment to the most underprivileged and the regional identity of Extremadura. In my opinion he is the prototype of modern man, in the sociological sense of the term, who, as Guy Rocher indicates, is identified with the development of a plurality of roles, of social roles; in contrast to the model of a man of traditional society whose roles are reduced to the derivatives of the model of patriarchal society: segmentation by gender and age.


Abstract This note contains some sufficient conditions for the complete convergence in the strong law of large numbers for arrays of rowwise negatively dependent random variables. Moreover, the rowwise sums are randomly indexed.


Many plant disease outbreaks are triggered by suitably warm temperatures during periods of leaf wetness. Measurements or estimations of leaf wetness duration provided by Agrometeorologists have allowed Plant Pathologists to devise weather timed spray schemes which often reduce the number of sprays required to control plant diseases, thus lowering costs and benefitting the environment. In the near future, tools such as numerical weather models with small grid spacings, and improved weather radar, are expected to reduce the need for tight networks of surface observations. The weather models will also provide growers with forecast warnings of potential upcoming disease outbreaks, which will further enhance the contribution of agrometeorology to plant disease management.


A new solution is proposed that is suitable for large multiprocessor systems for numerical applications. The solutions does not need a common bus linking structure. Instead the coherence is assured by a snoop controller. It is shown that this solution is characterized by a relatively low level of performance loss


The energy levels and optical spectra are much more complicated for atoms with more than one electron in the outer shell. In this section we will discuss qualitatively the energy levels for helium and the alkali earths, atoms in the second column of the periodic table. These atoms all consist of a core of electrons plus two electrons in an outer s shell. Most of the observed spectra can be understood in terms of energy levels corresponding to the raising of one of these electrons to a shell or subshell of higher energy. These are called normal levels. Energy levels involving excitation of both outer electrons are called anomalous and will be discussed only briefly here. The model used to calculate the energy levels for these atoms consists of two identical electrons moving in a potential due to the nucleus and the core electrons. The simplest such atom is helium, but beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium are all very similar. Let us consider magnesium (Z ϭ 12) as a specific example. The ground-state electron configuration is (1s 2 2s 2 2p 6)3s 2. In the ground state both outer electrons have the same space quantum numbers 1n = 3, / = 0, m / = 02, so the resultant spin must be zero. When one of the electrons is excited to a higher energy state such as 3p, the spatial quantum numbers are no longer the same, so the resultant total spin need not be zero. For example, the resultant spin S for two particles with spin s = 1 2 can be either S ϭ 0 (antiparallel spins) or S ϭ 1 (parallel spins). If S ϭ 0, the total angular momentum of the atom is due entirely to the orbital angular momentum of the excited electron, so j = /. The S ϭ 0 states are called singlet states. If S ϭ 1, there are three possible values for the total angular momentum number j corresponding to the three possible orienta-tions of S relative to L: j = / + 1, j = /, or j = /-1 (except if / = 0, in which case j = / is the only possibil


Emergent techniques based on Fuzzy Logic have successfully entered the area of nonlinear filters. Indeed, a variety of methods have been recently proposed in the literature which are able to perform detail-preserving smoothing of noisy image data yielding better results than classical operators. The aim of this paper is to present a selection of the most significant contributions in this field focussing on their similarities and differences. A brief introduction to the theory of fuzzy sets and systems is presented in order to make these results available to non-fuzzy researchers too.


Results from the KTeV experiment at Fermilab using Ⅺ0 hyperons are presented, especially the first form-factor (FF) measurement from its semi-leptonic decay. This decay, which is an important test of the Standard Model, was observed for the first time using the 1997 KTeV experiment. We also report on the analysis of a large samples of Ⅺ0 weak radiative decays, and a search for the decay of a lightly bound H0 dibaryon.


Abstract Background Safety net HIV providers face operational challenges during the COVID pandemic with services often transformed to telehealth. HIV infected persons are a priority population for SARS CoV-2 vaccination. Medical mistrust of COVID vaccines has been cited as a contributor to vaccine hesitancy. Data on efficient and successful vaccination efforts of HIV infected persons in safety net health systems is needed. In San Mateo County, Latino persons comprised 42% of all COVID cases, Whites 16%, and African Americans 2%. Methods SARS CoV2 vaccination with BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna) or Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen) vaccine were offered beginning February 2, 2021 through May 28, 2021 in a northern California public County HIV clinic. Clinic patients were contacted by bilingual English/Spanish speaking HIV clinic staff and appointments scheduled at County affiliated vaccination sites. Clinic staff followed up by phone with patients who did not initially accept vaccine. We calculate the percentage of patients who completed vaccine series and use multivariable logistic regression analysis to estimate the odds of series completion by patient race/ethnicity, gender and age. Results Virtually all, 95% (349/365) of HIV patients in our County HIV clinic were offered vaccine during a 17 week period. Among those, 86% (313/365) accepted and received at least one dose and 80% completed the series (292/365) at time of this analysis. Janssen vaccine was given to only 2% (7/313) patients. Series completion was highest among Latinos and Asians. Latinos had the highest odds of vaccine series completion (OR = 4.12; 95% CI 1.71 - 9.93). COVID-19 Vaccine Series Completion in a California Public HIV Clinic by Race/Ethnicity, Age and Sexual Orientation, n=364 Conclusion HIV patients offered SARS CoV2 vaccine by County HIV clinic staff with established patient care relationships had high vaccine acceptance (80%), comparable to 68% series completion in the county overall and 56% in the health equity quartile county census tracts. Latino HIV infected persons were most likely to complete the COVID vaccine series. Ryan White funded HIV clinics are ideal hubs to coordinate HIV patient COVID vaccination efforts. Adding COVID vaccine completion to HIV clinic performance measures would likely be beneficial. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures


The present invention relates to mechanical parts, the bearing is an anti-creep. The bearing comprising an outer ring, an inner ring, ball, retainer, dust cover, connected to the bearing housings. The design point is provided with a stopper groove of the outer ring, O-ring in the stopping groove. Has simple structure, it is convenient to use the installation, as a retrofit for existing similar anti-creep bearing structure.


During the early 1990s, marketing discourse in key US magazines attached a newly invented "feminine"; identity to the personal computer, fuelling a second great wave of home adoption. These public fantasies, which attempted to ease the machine into the pre‐gendered spaces of the American family home, drew upon a slate of postfeminist appeals, emphasizing the PC's value in women's work‐both income‐producing and family‐centered. This three‐part paper traces how Utopian expectations for a postfeminist work tool and recommendations about where to place it on the domestic map ultimately collided with the gendered constraints built into the pre‐established territories of the US home. The first part of the paper documents the addition of postfeminist work applications to a formerly masculinized technology; the second part reviews the marketing appeals that extolled the PC's potential to help a woman produce income, manage her household, and provide educational advantages to her children, all at once; the final part uncovers how these hopeful dreams were deconstructed by a second stream of discourse that failed to situated the PC comfortably within the domestic sphere, signalling fundamental vacillations about the micropolitics of homebound feminism.


This paper describes a Cultural Heritage related project concerned with developing computer technology for reimagining a 2D painted still portrait made in a distinctive fine art style as an animated 3D sculpture whilst preserving the principal features of the initial painting yet resulting in an artefact of original quality. This work explores both artistic and technological aspects of a production pipeline. The case-study to prove the concept relies on Francis Bacon's "Study for Portrait (Michel Leiris)". A supplementary video shows the resulting animated piece with Bacon's voice-over.


[Objective] To study the mechanism of allitridi-induced apoptosis in BIU87 cells.[Methods] Growth inhibition were estimated using MTT assay. Apoptotic cells were detected by in-situ cell apoptosis detection kit, and confirmed by flow cytometry. The mRNA level affected by allitridi was determined by RT-PCR. Caspase-3 activity was estimated with chromometry. [Results] Allitridi inhibited the proliferation of BIU87 cells and induced apoptosis, S-phase and G2 -phase arrest was induced. There were apparent changes of bcl-2, caspase-3 mRNA and a rise of caspase-3 activity; while no changes of bax was found. [Conclusion]Allitridi can inhibit the proliferation of BIU87 cells by inducting apoptosis, which may be through S-and G2-phase arrest, down-regulation of bcl-2, and increasing caspase-3 expression and its activity.


ABSTRACT Small and medium-sized enterprises (further SMEs) are the backbone of the economic development in all countries around the world (Storey, 1994; Saee, 1995; 1997; Saee & Mouzytchenko, 1999). In the era of globalization, the well-being of any national economy depends on the export performance of local companies and their integration in the world economy. Therefore, in the past decade, issues of internationalization of SMEs have been attracting much attention from academic researchers and policymakers. However, there are still gaps in the knowledge regarding international behavior of SMEs involved in subcontracting. This exploratory research looks at the international activities of a number of SMEs involved in subcontracting. The research is of qualitative nature and is based on in-depth interviews with eight senior managers of four Scottish SMEs operating as subcontracting firms. Further, the following issues arising from the international behavior of the subcontracting SMEs, namely the motives for internationalization; the relationship between growth of the company and international expansion; the relationship between characteristics of management team and internationalization; the problems and the strategies of internationalization; and the use of government support programs/initiatives to promote their international operations relating to subcontracting SMEs are analyzed and discussed.


Experimental investigations of carrier transport and capture into quantum wells are performed for InAlGaAs/InP laser structures. Time‐resolved photoluminescence measurements are made by upconversion technique. The characteristic times for the ambipolar carrier transport in the confinement region and the electron capture into the quantum wells are about 2–5 and 1 ps, respectively. The obtained results show a good potential for high‐speed InAlGaAs/InP quantum well lasers operating in the 1.5 μm spectral region.


The processes of care coordination of patient transition from hospital to outpatient settings are an integral part of the Patient-Centered Medical Home. We report a cooperative initiative between our admission hospital and family medicine residency to analyze the discharge process using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Re-engineering Discharge initiative, focusing on efficient information transfer and communication with discharged patients to insure rapid follow-up in the clinic. Our project yielded markedly reduced readmission rates compared with both local hospital and national rates.


This article demonstrates the 'patterning' of the ways discourse markers such as okay , right and yeah are used in academic lectures by native speaker lecturers. It presents an analysis of a) what the lecturers thought they would say and b) what they actually say in comparison to what the lecturers actually do say. In other words, it focuses on the differences between expectations of what would be said and speech, that is, what is actually said.The data comprise verbatim lecture transcriptions of four native speaker lecturers of different disciplines, analysed using a discourse analytical approach. The findings and discussions exhibit the reasons for the differences between the 'anticipated' and 'real' meanings of the use of these discourse markers.They also reflect upon the significance of non-verbal features in determining the actual functions of these markers. In short, this article highlights the reality use of okay, right and yeah as interactive conversational markers in academic lectures.


Objective To discuss the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of traumatic optic nerve injury.Methods 49 patients(52 eyes)of traumatic optic nerve injury were analyzed retrospectively about characteristics of its pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment.Results Among the 17 eyes in surgical group and 35 eyes non-surgical group,visual acuity of 26 eyes showed the varying degree improvement.Among them,surgical group effectiveness is 64.7%,the non-surgical group is 42.9%.Conclusion The treatment of traumatic optic nerve injury should be as early as possible.An early combined therapy could enhance the curative effect and improve the eyesight.


The study of unknowns about the lives of heroes who represent our music history is one of the research areas of Turkish musicologists. Healthy writing of biographies depends on research results. World musicologists also made efforts in this field. Abdulkadir Maragi or Abdulkadir of Maraga, who was studied on him in Turkey since 1925 is an important figure in the history of Turkish or Eastern music. He has attracted the attention of local and foreign researchers as both music theorist and performer and the theoretical commentator. In this article is determined Makasid al-alhan one of his Works that was given a complete list of the manuscripts of it in some research books. However, all the researchers' thought that the manuscripts of Makasid was a single work, consisting of a single composition compared to others. In fact, this research aims to reveal that not Makasid manuscripts are composed of a single composition with the comparative text method or the critical edition method. It has been determined that the critical edition method cannot be applied between Works of the same name which do not consist of a single composition. Even though Makasid manuscripts have the same name, it has been determined that they are three versions and can only be downloaded to two group versions with the critical edition method. The first group of Makasid was written for the name of Sultan Shah Rukh Timurid and second group was written for the name of Murad II Ottomani and their composition is different in ninety percent.


In this paper, we present recent work on the fabrication and testing of a silicon bulk micromachined vacuum sensor. The fabrication process, electronics, and various modes of operation are described. The pressure sensitivity is demonstrated between 10/sup -6/ Torr and 10/sup -1/ Torr by "calibrating" against a thermocouple gauge, a capacitance manometer, a spinning rotor gauge, and a hot cathode ionization gauge. For the preferred mode of operation, the frequency dependence on temperature is 0.007 Hz//spl deg/C, the device is vibration insensitive, and has a measured intrinsic Q-factor above 100,000.


Egypt imports camels from east Africa to compensate for the gap in meat production. Some imported camels are kept for breeding as scattered populations countrywide without being ear-tagged. The seroprevalence of brucellosis among camels in the source countries is an indicator for potential transboundary brucellosis being introduced to Egypt through untested camels. Brucella antibody profile was studied in male one-humped camels from Somaliland and Eastern Ethiopia quarantined in Berbera for intended export to the Arabian Gulf States for meat consumption. A total of 3,200 camels were screened for brucellosis by the modified Rose-Bengal plate test, where 103 failed the test. The apparent prevalence was 2.9375% and the estimated true prevalence was 0.445%. These samples were further tested using the buffered acidified plate antigen (BAPA) test, brucellosis card test (BCT), microplate agglutination test with and without EDTA and mercaptoethanol, rivanol-precipitation plate agglutination test (Riv.T) and competitive ELISA (C-ELISA). Complement fixation was used as a gold standard in lieu of bacteriologic examination. Statistical analyses including analysis of variance followed by post hoc test, receiver operating characteristics curves, kappa agreement and diagnostic performance metrics, viz. sensitivity, specificity, false positive/ negative rates, positive/ negative predictive values, likelihood ratios of positive and negative results and diagnostic odds ratio were used. Results were fully discussed. It was concluded that the serologic profile had a dominating IgG subclass of antibodies due to 1 active infection. BAPA and modified BCT performed really well as binary screening markers. The performance indicators suggested Riv.T as an excellent candidate for simple and rapid disease confirmation. C-ELISA needs further adaptation to boost its performance in camels.


Performance-oriented Congestion Control (PCC) [3] is a recent congestion-control architecture in which each sender uses their local observation of network performance to update their actions. It has been experimentally shown to yield fast and fair performance in a variety of network scenarios [2]. In this paper, we are concerned with the mathematical and model-based underpinnings of PCC, specifically with the theoretical justifications that is provided by its authors that the distributed actions converge to a unique pure Nash Equilibrium (NE) [9] of a certain user utility model in finite time. We show that this result does not justify the PCC protocol as it does not use all available information to ensure fast convergence to equilibrium, and so the empirical success of PCC does not validate the utility model that it is based on. We argue theoretically and demonstrate empirically that simple, gradient-based distributed network protocols provide much faster equilibrium convergence. By directly optimizing the sender utility function, we significantly improve performance under the simple PCC utility model and provide robustness to modifications such as noisy loss-rate observations and asynchronous sending rate updating. Our work points to new directions for principled design of congestion control protocols.


Tortuosity is a porous medium property which measures the interconnectedness and sinuosity of the pore space. It is important in order to understand advective, diffusive transport and electric current flow in low porosity low permeability reservoirs such as unconventional shale reservoirs. However, experimental values of diffusional and electrical tortuosity of shales are scarce in the literature. To improve the understanding of diffusive transport and electrical flow in unconventional shale reservoirs, we have conducted the independent measurements of diffusional and electrical tortuosities of 12 shale samples from Utica, Bakken, Wolfcamp and Eagle Ford formations and 3 sandstones as control samples.
 For the purpose of this study, the samples were characterized by measurements of total organic carbon (TOC), mineralogy, and total porosity. Diffusional tortuosity was measured by immersing brine saturated samples into D2O to allow the diffusion of D2O into the samples. The rates at which D2O diffused into the samples were measured with 12 MHz NMR measurements. The combination of the effective diffusion coefficient of D2O and the bulk diffusion coefficient of D2O were used to compute the diffusional tortuosity.
 To measure electrical tortuosity, the samples were resaturated with 2.5% KCl brine prior to immersion into 6% KCl brine. The measurements of the samples' resistivities as function of time after the immersion into the 6% KCl brine were used to compute ionic diffusion coefficients. Electrical tortuosity was calculated using the bulk ionic diffusion coefficient and the ionic diffusion coefficients of the samples.
 The results show that diffusional and electrical tortuosity have similar values. These tortuosities vary between 1.7 and 5.8 for shale samples while they have values between 1.4 and 3.9 for sandstones. We also observed that TOC exerts a primary control on the tortuosity of shales.


Neither anabolics or ionophores have demonstrated much benefit to the extensively managed herds of the semi-arid rangelands of northern Australia (Moran 1972). The anabolic agent, trenbolone acetate, appears to increase metabolic efficiency by reducing the rate of tissue protein breakdown (Hunter and Magner 1990). This trial was designed to test the effect of implantation with 140 mg trenbolone acetate and 28 mg oestradiol-17P (Revalor, Roussell Uclaf Australia Ltd) on steer growth on native pasture over 1 wet season, and to assess the financial implications of its use under present market conditions. The trial was conducted at Kidman Springs in the Victoria River District. Seventy 9-15 month-old Brahman cross steers, with an average liveweight of 161.2 kg, were implanted in December 1990 just before the start of the wet season. Seventy-four similar steers (liveweight 160.8 kg) formed an untreated control. The 2 groups grazed together in a 20 km2 paddock dominated by black spear grass Heteropogon contortus, ribbon grass Chrysopogon fallax, wiregrasses Aristida spp. and curly spinifex Plectrachne pungens on sandy emu red soils. The steers received mineral supplements (averaging 3.3 g N/day and 3.3 g P/day) until vehicle access became impossible in March. Between early December and the end of March 786 mm of rain fell. This was higher than the average of 683 mm but fell over a shorter period. The steers were weighed at the beginning (December), middle (March) and end (June) of the trial. The average final weight of the treated group was 290.4 kg (s.e. 6.52) while that of the control was 271.7 kg (s.e. 5.85). (Table 1).


This paper presents a vibration measurement and analysis technique for use during a machine's spin-down procedure. During spin-down, the machine's operation covers a continuous wide frequency band, from operating speed to standstill, which allows the estimation of the machine's vibration transfer function (VTF). This transfer function is rich in information for detecting and differentiating not only machinery pathologies but also problems with vibrational mounts. Utilizing a back-electromotive force sensor to infer rotor speed and a single-axis accelerometer for vibration measurements, this technique allows minimally intrusive estimation of a machine's VTF. Data collected in laboratory and field tests aboard U.S. Navy ships are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of this monitoring technique.


A new time delay compensation strategy for nonlinear processes is developed and evaluated. Simulation results for a continuous stirred tank reactor demonstrate that the globally linearizing control (GLC) compensation technique can yield poor performance in the presence of unmeasured disturbances and/or plant/model mismatch. A theoretical analysis of a discrete-time version of the GLC predictor indicates that the poor regulatory performance is attributable to ineffective use of the process state variables, which are assumed to be measured. A new discrete-time prediction strategy is developed which provides improved predictions, yet maintains the desirable characteristics of the GLC approach. A continuous-time version of the predictor is combined with an input-output linearizing controller to yield the new time delay compensation strategy. The proposed scheme is computationally efficient and not restricted to open-loop stable processes. Simulation results for the reactor example demonstrate the superior performance and robustness of the proposed compensation strategy as compared to the GLC approach


Dealing the occupational stress and turnover intention have become a momentous phenomenon in career management literature. Majority of the manufacturing companies in Sri Lanka are experiencing the high turnover rate of employees and it becomes a critical problem to maintain the competitive advantages. Various factors are affecting to the turnover intention and the work stress is the one of the major determinate which leads to turnover intention among the employees. This study investigates the significant impact of work stress on the turnover intention in the Edinborough Products (Pvt) Limited. This study is based on two objectives as main and sub objectives. The main objective is to identify the impact of the work stress level of the employees with related to the intention to leave from organization and work stress is measured by combining co-workers behavior, supervisor's behavior, work pressure and work environment.70 employees are surveyed by questionnaires and results were finalized by using both descriptive and inferential statistics through correlation and regression. In agreement with hypothesis it indicates that work stress has positive significant impact with turnover intention and which resulted as 0.533 positive value. Hence, these findings would be important to the human resource managers of the company to develop their stress management practices and retention programs.


Indonesian consumer who connected to the internet in 2016 reach 90,5 million. The numbers of consumer who transact online reach 26.3 million or 29% of the internet users. Based on the research, the readiness of internet user for e-commerce transaction reaches more than 85%. However, there is still challenge in trust. In the same prices, consumers still prefer to shop ofline. Level of trust is divided into four categories, involve trust to the e-commerce industries in general, trust to the ordered and delivered the product, trust to the security of payment, and trust to the courier company. Due to trust becomes a most important factor in an online transaction, research about it have to be conducted periodically, so readiness ofIndonesian to the online transaction can be tracked. The result of the research is to not only for e-commerce industries but also for the traditional trade (ofline) industries and economy ofIndonesia.


Through the investigation of student sport injury in phisical education of the students of 2006 class,it is shown that 74.4% of injury happened in dual sports(such as football,basketball and valleyball),11.6% of injury happened in track and field sports,8.1%,4.6% and 1.2% of injury happened respectively in phisical dance,calliscenics and wushu.To analyse the injury cause and prevention method may decrease the sport injury in phisical education.


The images of campus protests and street battles of 1968 are deeply ingrained in public memory and have been the subject of many academic writings. However, the courtroom as a site of protest has been neglected as a serious field of inquiry. By comparing the 'Chicago 8' trial of 1969 in the USA with the proceedings against the members of the West German Kommune 1 of 1967, this article not only demonstrates the importance of the legal process as part of a wider movement strategy, but it also reveals striking similarities between the two cases – in the defendants' protest strategies, and in the repertoires of 'social control' by the legal authorities. In spite of the different legal systems in which the trials took place – and without any transnational exchanges of legal strategies between participants – the dynamics of contention were almost identical in both countries. When asking how contention happens, evolves, and escalates, it seems that similar goals and strategies of the contending parties and the interaction between them mattered much more than the structural or institutional differences between the two legal systems. This interaction determined the very nature of the trials and established their central role in the history of the era.


Availability of different single-cell multi-omic datasets provide an opportunity to 1 study various aspects of the genome at the single-cell resolution. Jointly studying 2 multiple genomic features can help us understand gene regulatory mechanisms. 3 Although there are experimental challenges to jointly profile multiple genomic 4 features on the same single-cell, computational methods have been develop to align 5 unpaired single-cell multi-omic datasets. Despite the success of these alingment 6 methods, studying how genomic features interact in gene regulation requires the 7 alignment of features, too. However, most single-cell multi-omic alignment tools 8 can only align cells across different measurements. Here, we introduce SCOOTR, 9 which aligns both cells and features of the single-cell multi-omic datasets. Our 10 preliminary results show that SCOOTR provides quality alignments for datasets 11 with sparse correspondences, and for datasets with more complex relationships, 12 supervision on one level (e.g. cells) improves alignment performance on the other 13 level (e.g. features). 14


The research finds that the interference of the government and the interpersonal relationship in the relationship play very important roles in the development process of the transaction relationship. The interpersonal relationship between the broker and fanners can make the relationship be stable and promote the upgrade process of the relationship. The paper constructs a conceptual model of the development process of the transaction relationship in the contract fanning.


We introduce BROUTE, a benchmark suite for vehicle routing optimization algorithms. We define a selection of algorithms traditionally used in vehicle routing optimization. They capture essential features that are also relevant in optimization algorithms for different application domains, like local search move evaluation, memory allocation, dynamic programming, or insertion and deletion from a list. Each algorithm is deterministic. We implement these benchmark algorithms using a selection of programming languages and different data structures. BROUTE is free, open-source, and can be used to inform early decisions in projects that involve programming, such as which language to use.


Three main approaches exist to solve the optimization problem described in the paper; linear programming methods, greedy resource allocation methods and heuristic methods.


As a resolution for air pressure control challenges in ultra-low frequency modal testing suspension systems, an incremental PID control algorithm with dead band is applied to achieve high-precision pressure control. We also develop a set of independent hardware and software systems for high-precision pressure control solutions. Taking control system versatility, scalability, reliability, and other aspects into considerations, a two- level communication employing Ethernet and CAN bus, is adopted to complete such tasks as data exchange between the IPC, the main board and the control board ,and the pressure control. Furthermore, we build a single set of ultra-low frequency modal testing suspension system and complete pressure control experiments, which achieve the desired results and thus confirm that the high-precision pressure control subsystem is reasonable and reliable. Copyright © 2014 IFSA Publishing, S. L.


Aureomycin, one of the newer antibiotics first described by Duggar, 1 has been shown to be active against certain viruses and rickettsia, 2 gram-positive and gram-negative micro-organisms, 3 and to be even more effective than penicillin in experimental spirochetal infections, namely: relapsing fever (Borrelia novyi) and spirochetal jaundice, or Weil's disease (Leptospira icterohemorrhagiae). 4 This last-mentioned observation by Heilman prompted O'Leary, Kierland and Herrell 5 to investigate the effect of aureomycin on Treponema pallidum in man. It was concluded on the basis of a study in 2 patients with syphilis in an early stage that "aureomycin appears to have some anti-spirochetal activity when administered by the oral route." On March 1, 1949 a study was initiated at the Chicago Intensive Treatment Center concerning aureomycin and its effect in early infectious dark fieldpositive syphilis. Twenty-seven patients had been treated by May 5, 1949. All patients in the study had dark field-positive


The low-frequency dielectric loss maxima for glasses with low alkali concentrations are often obscured by a much larger dc conductivity contribution to the dielectric loss. Therefore, quantitative determination of the dielectric relaxation strengths for these glasses is difficult. An approximate relation between the impedance, electric modulus, and dielectric constant relaxation maxima is developed for glasses exhibiting small dielectric relaxation strengths. Using the obtained relations, the dielectric relaxation strength, Δe, for a GeO2 glass containing 47 wt ppm Na2O is estimated to be ≅0.3.


Infrared absorption properties of gases are the bases of gaseous analyses by infrared optical methods. Based on HITRAN2004 database, the infrared absorption properties of dissolved gases in transformer oil including CH4, C2H6, C2H4, C2H2, CO, CO2 and H2O, were researched by the line-by-line integration method. The absorption coefficients, the locations of main absorption bands, the central wave numbers and the peak absorption coefficients of the strongest absorption lines of each gas in the 500~4000cm?1 spectral range were given. As for the absorption lines in the characteristic spectrum of each gas, the laws that the peak absorption coefficients vary with the pressure and temperature were also analyzed. Calculation and analysis results are important bases that can be used in qualitative and quantitative analyses of dissolved gases in transformer oil by infrared optical methods such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and photoacoustic spectroscopy.


In the circles of mordern western linguistic philosophy, the question on how the meaning fixes its reference is always controversial. "The description theory" argues that linguistic expression's reference is fixed by the description, which describe or reflect its meaning. The contextual theory holds that situation is the descisive factor in what ways the meaning fixes its reference. This paper maintains the two factions of theories have not only their national factors but also their shortcomings, and as to this problem, we must grasp three basic principles in combination with Kripke's historic causality.


The train's head type,cross-section shape,bottom profile and so on were considered in research of aerodynamic drag,and the shape of pantograph was also considered in study of pantograph's drag reduction.However,research of wind tunnel test of pantograph's drag reduction has been poorly studied.In order to obtain the aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed train and investigate effects of different measures of resistance reduction,the wind tunnel test of train model in the 8m×6m wind tunnel in low-speed aerodynamic institute of China Aerodynamics Research Development Center was conducted.The influence of pantograph' resistance was test by installing kinds of domes and windscreens in the wind tunnel.The results show that: pantograph increases the train's aerodynamic drag around of 3.2%;it will effectively decrease pantograph's aerodynamic drag that contra-bossing is installed at the tail of head car;there is some effect of pantograph's drag reduction when windshield was installed at the head of pantograph and the side slip angle of windshield is 0°.


A method has been developed for the preparation of oxygen comparison standards for charged particle activation analysis, particularly for the use of helium-3 as the activating particle, by anodic oxidation of tantalum foil. The isotopic composition of the oxide is varied by using isotopically enriched water in the electrolyte, which is 0.1 percent potassium chloride. The current passing through the cell is held constant at 40 mA while the voltage is allowed to vary. The thickness of the oxide film produced is a smooth function of time and is reproducible to within a few percent. 2 films have been produced which vary in thickness from 0.5 mg/cm for a 1 min ,2 anodization, to over 35 mg/cm for an anodization time of 3 hours. The uni-formi ty of the anodi.zed foil and the oxygen content have been verified by . I helium-3 activation analysis. Standards for activation analysis may be made by this method which will reproduce any beam degradation in a sample from negligible energy loss to the complete stopping of a 10-MeV heliurri-3 beam. These standards have been used for isotopic oxygen analysis of several materials and for measuring excitation functions for the production of 19 o 2°F from 1·8 o and fo:i' production of 18F, 15 o, 11 c, and 17 F plus 14 o from 160. and


Second-order symmetric Lorentzian spaces, that is to say, Lorentzian manifolds with vanishing second derivative of the curvature tensor R, are characterized by several geometric properties, and explicitly presented. Locally, they are a product M=M_1 x M_2 where each factor is uniquely determined as follows: M_2 is a Riemannian symmetric space and M_1 is either a constant-curvature Lorentzian space or a definite type of plane wave generalizing the Cahen-Wallach family. In the proper case (i.e., with non-zero first covariant derivative of R at some point), the curvature tensor turns out to be described by some local affine function which characterizes a globally defined parallel lightlike line. As a consequence, the corresponding global classification is obtained, namely: any complete second-order symmetric space admits as universal covering such a product M_1 x M_2. From the technical point of view, a direct analysis of the second-symmetry partial differential equations is carried out leading to several results of independent interest relative to spaces with a parallel lightlike vector field ---the so-called Brinkmann spaces.


Microwave thermal ablation is under consideration as a minimally invasive modality to treat 10–20 mm benign adrenal adenomas, while preserving normally functioning adjacent adrenal tissue, and returning the gland to a normally functioning status that is under normal regulation. In contrast to applications for tumor ablation, where devices have been developed with the objective of maximizing the size of the ablation zone for treating large tumors, a challenge for adrenal ablation is to minimize thermal damage to non-targeted adrenal tissue and thereby preserve adrenal function. Here, we investigate methods for creating small spherical ablation zones of volumes in the range 0.5–4 cm3 for the treatment of benign adrenal adenomas using water-loaded microwave monopole antennas operating at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz. Coupled electromagnetic and bioheat transfer simulations and experiments in ex vivo tissue were employed to investigate the effect of frequency, applied power, ablation duration, and coolant temperature on the length and width of the ablation zone. Experimental results showed that small spherical ablation zones with diameters in the range of 7.4–17.6 mm can be obtained by adjusting the applied power and ablation duration. Multi-way ANOVA analysis of the experimentally-measured ablation zone dimensions demonstrated that frequency of operation and ablation duration are the primary parameters for controlling the ablation zone length and width, respectively. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the coolant temperature provides another effective parameter for controlling the ablation zone length without affecting the ablation zone width. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of creating small spherical microwave ablation zones suitable for targeting benign adrenal adenomas.


In the eighties,due to the innovation of the determination technology of boron isotopes,the researched fields of the geochemical characteristics of boron isotopes are continuously broadened.The previous research shows that there is a large variation of 11 B / 10 B ratios in the various,natural samples with δ 11 B values from -37‰ to +58‰.The boron isotope composition(δ 11 B)may vary,depending on their circumference.Wereas,geological environment of cause of forming or process may evidently be showed by boron isotope composition.Recently,boron isotopes may be used to estimate seawater intrusion and trace the condition of paleo-ocean and paleo-climate and distinguish the environmental contamination.


This qualitative study explored the challenges and stressors that are experienced by addiction counsellors in providing substance abuse treatment. In order to tap into rich and descriptive information on occupational stress in the addictions field, a modified grounded theory focused on conceptual ordering (Corbin & Strauss, 1998) was used for the research design. Participant sample consisted of 10 addiction counsellors who were recruited using purposeful selection from addiction treatment centres in Ontario, Canada. Data collection was conducted through face-toface interviews using semi-structured, open-ended questions. Four major categories emerged from the data analysis using systematic thematic analysis: 1) Sources of Stress, 2) Signs and Consequences of Stress, 3) Stress Management and Intervention, and 4) Resiliency Against Stress. Results from this study contribute to the understanding of occupational stress in addictions counsellors. Implications for addiction organizations, educators, and counsellors are discussed. OCCUPATIONAL STRESS IN ADDICTION COUNSELLORS 6


TOO INFREQUENTLY are neurologic examinations conducted with the consideration of the sensory system of the body as a total functioning, integrated unit. Examination of the motor system usually includes observations on the strength and status of muscle groups, the gait and the associated movements of the head, trunk and arms. In the sensory examination, however, this integrated function is more difficult to study. Ordinarily, the relation of one sensory area to another is not tested. Sensory perception of pinprick on the right side is noted to be normal; the left side is next tested, and it, too, shows no defect. The conclusion is too easily drawn that "pain perception is normal." The purpose of this paper is to report a disturbance of sensation which can be detected only when the sensory nervous system is regarded as a functioning unit. Perceptual disturbances have always been extremely difficult to explain on a


This article describes the necessity of the intensive wastewater treatment in China nowadays. It analyses the characteristics of fiber-ball filtering material such as high porosity,reasonable pores distribution in the filtering layer. It also introduces the operational characteristics such as excellent treating effluent,large capacity to capture SS,long operation period,high velocity and so on. So that the fiber-ball filtration should be the first choice intensive wastewater treatment method in China.


Abstract Introduction. Although the incidence of cardiac arrest in children is much lower than in adults, the condition is still considered a major health problem with a very low chance for survival. As in adults, the timely provision of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in children is crucial. Current guidelines for CPR in children were published along with the guidelines for CPR in adults in 2015. As in previous years, they are based on consensus provided by International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). Guidelines of particular ILCOR member councils may vary and reflect regional characteristic such as different access to health care, education methods or willingness of population to provide emergency assistance. Moreover, the conditions requiring CPR in children are characterized not only by different incidence, but also by aetiology or techniques used for different age groups. Therefore, emphasis is put on simplicity and feasibility as well as on consistency with adult guidelines to improve retention of the paediatric sequences. Nurses may be first rescuers not only in health care facilities. Better understanding of CPR guidelines might help them to improve their ability to detect conditions requiring CRP and also initiate and provide effective emergency care. Aim. The aim of this study is to compare different approaches to paediatric CPR, in particular to basic life support (BLS), used in current guidelines of different ILCOR member councils. Results and conclusions. General algorithm for adult CPR may be followed for victims of all age, but in case of children, slightly different approach might have much more favourable outcome.


First-order interpolation properties are notoriously hard to determine, even for logics where propositional interpolation is more or less obvious. One of the most prominent examples is first-order Gödel logic. Lyndon interpolation is a strengthening of the interpolation property in the sense that propositional variables or predicate symbols are only allowed to occur positively (negatively) in the interpolant if they occur positively (negatively) on both sides of the implication. Note that Lyndon interpolation is difficult to establish for first-order logics as most proof-theoretic methods fail. In this paper we provide general derivability conditions for a first-order logic to admit Lyndon interpolation for the prenex ⊃ prenex fragment and apply the arguments to the prenex ⊃ prenex fragment of first-order Gödel logic.


It is challenging issues to extract the moving foreground objects from background robustly in visual surveillance system. In this paper,we present a novel texture-based cluster-like algorithm to detect motion with codebook and Gaussian local binary patterns(GLBP),which may get texture background model on-line.Firstly,a codebook model like pixel cluster is constructed.Distribution of background pixels is presented by pixel cluster using computing the color and brightness distortion between codebook and current pixel.Our algorithm updates the codebook model both in initial step and detection step to deal with changes of background pixels. A single Gaussian model of pixel-wise is used to build the pixel' s value change model on-line.Gaussian local binary patterns background model is constructed on-line by applying the correlation and texture of spatially proximal pixels.Finally current image is segmented into two parts,foreground and background by fusing the three features;codebook model,single Gaussian background model and Gaussian local binary patterns.Experiments show that our proposed algorithm achieves robust performance in natural videos.


The American West has long experienced strong economic growth. The varied economy of the region though has produced a diversity of economic outcomes and trends. In this paper, we assess whether there have been significant relative shifts in economic growth across the nonmetropolitan counties of the region between the periods of 1992-2004 and 2004-2016. We find significant relative downward growth shifts in areas most abundant in natural amenities. Further analysis suggests the downward growth shifts in high amenity counties resulted from the capitalization of the amenities into housing costs, not from diminished quality of life in the counties. Economic growth significantly accelerated in counties where significant oil and gas extractive activity occurred, in which most of the counties were not previously considered as highly dependent on the energy industry. Counties with low levels of natural amenities and an absence of oil and gas resources continued to struggle and are suggested to likely be in need of place-based labor demand policies.


Editor: As an anatomist, I have spent my academic life supporting simplistic accurate anatomical terminology that adheres to the rules established by the authors of Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (2005). Despite this dedication, a former student of mine recently asked me why a nerve is identified as peripheral when there are no central nerves. I commended this obvious observation and wondered why I had never thought of it myself. We have central and peripheral nervous systems, but all nerves are peripheral and do not need this designation. Therefore, the excellent publication in the November issue of Veterinary Pathology (46:1166–1180, 2009) concerned the characteristics of feline nerve sheath tumors rather than feline peripheral nerve sheath tumors. The use of peripheral with nerves is redundant and unnecessary. I urge you to join me in making this change.