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People with severe and persistent mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, often receive inadequate general medical care1–6 and are documented to have a 25-year shorter lifespan than those without serious mental illness.7–10 Individuals with severe and persistent mental illnesses are frequently stigmatized, are often impoverished, frequently have co-occurring alcohol and/or substance use disorders, and are incarcerated in such large numbers that jails and prisons have become the new mental "institutions."11–14 Additionally, more than 68% of adults with a mental disorder have at least 1 medical condition,8 resulting in decreased quantity and quality of life, increased symptom burden, and increased health care costs.15–17

Due to the long-standing lack of integration between mental health and primary care services, the "Final Report for the President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health"8 recommended use of evidence-based models to improve patient care at the interface of general medicine and mental health. Patients often present to their primary care providers with physical complaints; however, careful evaluation determines that, in many instances, the visit is driven by mental health or substance abuse issues. A Center for Health Care Strategies analysis found that, among Medicaid patients with chronic conditions, a comorbid mental health or substance use disorder predicted 60%–75% higher health care costs compared to those without comorbid mental health or substance use disorders. Further, patients with comorbid mental health or substance use disorders were 4 to 5 times more likely to be hospitalized than those without.16 The Center for Health Care Strategies offered ways to address these patient needs including use of multidisciplinary health care teams for patients with multiple complex needs, integration of behavioral health and physical health care, and financial incentives to care integration.


Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a collaboration between a brain and device that enables the signals from the brain to done the external activity, i.e. Cursor, Prosthetic control or Wheel chair movement. The brain and object have the direct communication control by using BCI systems. Mostly the current research should be focused on non-invasive method. The array of neurons should be read by using the computer chips and programs then translate the signals in to action i.e., Motor Imagery (MI). The main objective is used to help the disable person without someone help. Mainly the BCI System should be very helpful for the people those who are affect from paralysis to write something and control the motorized wheel chair through thought alone. In Brain Computer Interfacing BCI) the Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a very challenging non-stationary signal. In this paper the preprocessing should be done by Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm and Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is a new method to extract the non-stationary signal should be apply on motor imagery recognition task. The features of EEG such as energy, fuzzy approximate entropy, Morphological features and AR coefficients are extracted using Masking empirical mode decomposition. The extracted features are selected by using the cuckoo search algorithm (CSA). In this paper the extracted features should be compare, with cuckoo search or without cuckoo search algorithm analyzed. After the feature selection features are classified by using the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) with respect to some parameters like Accuracy, Precision, Recall, Maximal (MI).


The multidimensional crisis in Indonesia today, is a real reflection of the government policy engineering, which fully relies on the foreign debt. This kind of crisis, therefore, can be seen as the implication of the implementation of the wrong, economic policies as occuring in many developing countries.Â


Seismic inversion for impedance is an important task for reservoir characterization. Supervised learning-based methods improve the inversion accuracy for impedance. However, they require a large number of training labels. To reduce the reliance on training labels and further improve the accuracy of impedance inversion, we propose a new data augmentation strategy to simulate layer thickness variation during semi-supervised learning which uses unlabeled seismic data properly. Using the Marmousi-II model, we first compare the impedance estimated using the open-loop (OL) method and that obtained using the physics constrained closed-loop (PC-CL) method at different data augmentation rates to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed inversion method. In the case of applying the proposed method to a field dataset, comparisons between estimated impedance results using the OL and PC-CL methods and that obtained using the model-based inversion method are shown for the verification. The detailed comparisons between the inversion results of impedance and well log data are displayed to emphasize the superiority of the proposed PC-CL method. The residuals between the observed field data and simulated seismic data generated using the estimated impedance are shown to further verify the accuracy of the estimated impedance of the proposed PC-CL method. Aside from the impedance inversion results, the epistemic uncertainties are calculated for further performance evaluations of the impedance inversion.


The use of patterns in the conceptual modeling of systems has become relevant in Software Engineering and especially in the field of scenario modeling. This guarantees a certain level of quality and avoids the inclusion of errors. But there is no relationship between business models and scenarios that allows transforming one model into another, regardless of whether the systems model is a support model of the previous one. This document proposes a method for mapping the automatable activities of a Business Model to a Scenario Model in Transactional Systems. This objective is achieved through the analysis and transformation of Business patterns to Scenario patterns, for the construction of conceptual modeling.


: A review of Lucy Küng's Innovators in Digital News (2015, University of Oxford). Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich


Four oligoresveratrols ranging from dimer to tetramer, isolated from stem bark of Hopea mengarawan (Dipterocarpaceae) plants were tested for their activity as hydroxyl radical scavenger. The activity of these compounds was evaluated against the 2-deoxyribose degradation induced by the hydroxyl radical generated via a Fenton-type reaction. Result showed that balanocarpol, heimiol A, vaticanol G, and vaticanol B had IC 50 3.83; 15.44; 2.01; and 4.71 uM, respectively. These results suggest that oligoresveratrols from stem bark of H. mengarawan maybe useful as potential sources of natural antioxidants. Key words: Oligoresveratrol, Hopea mengarawan


The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, has selected a multistate region in the mid‐Atlantic as a pilot location for its regional vulnerability assessment initiative. The study included an initial problem‐formulation (hazard‐identification) phase conducted in consultation with local stakeholders. Nine ecological hazard (stressor) categories were selected for study based on scientific criteria and resource limitations. Initial products included one or more stressor data sets (profiles) for each hazard category, which represented an initial attempt at creating a continuous baseline database necessary for subsequent ecosystem exposure assessment. Stressor profiles were developed from the interpolation of monitoring network point data, modeling forecasts, and the processing of continuous data sets. Disparate data resolutions and temporal inconsistences among profiles will require that uncertainties for each profile be documented during multiple stressor analysis. Such uncertainties in data quality must be effectively portrayed to illustrate how they can limit profile utility during quantitative exposure analysis. Current research efforts have focused on the identification of ecosystem receptor endpoints of critical importance to maintaining ecosystem function in the mid‐Atlantic. This research includes the establishment of stressor–receptor exposure period, magnitude, and duration of biological importance in an initial survey‐level analysis to support the selection of stressors and receptors for exposure assessment analysis. Subsequent to this selection process, receptor data sets will be assembled at appropriate spatial and temporal resolutions commensurate with the exposure pathway processes of interest. Exposure profiles will be developed based on the cooccurrence of both stressor and receptor in both space and time required to represent a biologically significant exposure.


The northern Tolima has significant remnants of Tropical Dry Forest (TDF), strategic ecosystems that harbor a high diversity and endemism. However, human act...


Background: Premature infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit are exposed on average to 14 painful procedures per day, as the retinopathy of prematurity screening. Neonatal pain is often underestimated and insufficiently treated, but there are short-term and long-term deleterious effects in premature infants exposed to repetitive pain. Since premature infants cannot verbalize the pain, the use of validated measurement tools is recommended for its evaluation and measurement of pain. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of a multimodal analgesic therapy proposed, to prevent pain in premature infants under retinal evaluation. Methods: We carried out a blinded, randomized clinical trial. Premature infants ≤ 34 weeks of gestational age received standard therapy (one drop of tetracaine in each eye) or proposed multimodal analgesic therapy (paracetamol oral at 15 mg/ kg, 30 minutes prior to retinal evaluation, and intranasal fentanyl 2 μg/kg, 5 minutes prior to retinal screening, as well as warm containment and non-nutritional suction. The primary outcome was the score of Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revised (PIPP-R). The application of the score PIPP-R was performed 35 minutes before the procedure, during, and 15 minutes after the procedure. Results: There were no significant differences in PIPP-R score prior to the retinal screening, however, during the retinal evaluation the PIPP-R score was significantly lower in the proposed multimodal therapy group (14.0 vs 6.5, p=0.0001); and 15 minutes after the procedure, score remained lower in the proposed multimodal therapy group (2.9 vs 1.6 p=0.0001). No adverse effects were documented in neither group. In conclusion, retinal screening cause's deep pain, the topical tetracaine is insufficient to mitigate it. The proposed multimodal therapy can be useful to prevent the pain caused by the procedure and it does not cause adverse effects.


Amino-functionalized graphene sheets were prepared through chemical reduction by hydrazine hydrate, amination or amidation of graphite oxide. For amination of graphite oxide were used polyamine such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine and triethylenetetramine. Addition of amine groups to graphene is identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, elemental analysis and thermogravimetry. Scanning electron microscopy data indicate that the organic amine is not only as nitrogen sources to obtain the nitrogen-doped graphene but also as an important modification to control the assembly of graphene sheets in the 3D structures. The electrical conductivity of the materials obtained by amination and amidation of graphene is much smaller than that of reduced graphite oxide.


Background: To ascertain whether the pharmaceutical companies are following the WHO criteria for "Ethical medicinal drug promotion 1988" and "OPPI Code of pharmaceutical marketing practices, 2012" and to what extent. Also, to evaluate the therapeutic claims made by them in their drug promotional literature and other aspects.Methods: Drug Promotional Literature (DPL) from different pharmaceutical companies was collected from various Medical practitioners and analysed to see if they achieved objectives. Therapeutic claims made by them were classified as authentic, exaggerated, controversial, false, and misinterpreted.Results: Total 250 DPLs were collected and critically analysed for information content. Out of the 11 WHO criteria for ethical medicinal drug promotion (1988), Majority (30%)  followed only 54.54% of the criteria while only 4% followed 100% of the criteria. The total number of claims in the 250 DPL were 354 of which 52.8% were authentic and 47.2% were misleading. From the misleading claims: 28.7% were exaggerated, 34.7% were controversial, 22.8% were false, 23% were ambiguous.Conclusions: This study enabled us to find out to what extent the pharmaceutical industries follow the standard criteria for DPL and evaluate the claims made by them. DPL is one of the important sources of drug information. Some of the pharmaceutical companies failed to follow the WHO criteria while advertising their products in order to make them look more lucrative having an underlying commercial motive. As they influence prescribing patterns of the clinicians, misleading promotional literature would result in irrational prescribing of drugs. To avoid this, DPL has to be critically evaluated.


Experiments were conducted in Regional Food Research analysis centre Lucknow. Apple pomace powder was obtained after extracting the juice from apples and then further the pomace obtained was dried in the tray dryer, so that complete drying may be obtained.This was accomplished using various equipments such as tray dyer, soxhlet apparatus etc. After the apple pomace powder was obtained it was incorporated in the bread in various proportions.further physio-chemical analysis was done and it was found that the protein content in the powder was found to be in good quantity. Moisture content,ash content, fiber content was also analysed.sensory analysis of the developed bread was done on the basis of nine point headonic scale.shelf life study was also accomplished where not much variation was found during one week storage.


Recent earthquakes have showed that the interaction between laterally spreading ground and structures with deep foundations is still far from being completely understood. During the 2010 M8.8 Maule earthquake, several pile-supported bridges were affected by this phenomena causing different levels of damage. Among these bridges, three were selected because clear evidence of liquefaction was observed at their respective locations, and also because their seismic performance was very different, ranging from little (Mataquito Bridge) to moderate (Llacolen Bridge) to large foundation deformations (Juan Pablo II Bridge). This article presents a comparison of two simplified methods to evaluate the seismic performance of these bridges. The first one is a modified version of the simplified design procedure proposed in the MCEER/ATC-49-1 report were the residual lateral displacement is estimated by means of intersecting two curves: one that represents the lateral force-displacement curve of the structure stabilizing the sliding soils mass, and one that corresponds to the estimated residual displacements of the soil mass for different levels of restraining force. The second method is based on a numerical model where after static equilibrium is reached (pre-earthquake condition) liquefied properties are assigned to those layers with high liquefaction potential (post-earthquake condition), and the model is run until equilibrium is reached once again (inertial effects are neglected). Reasonable agreement was found between these two models for the case of Mataquito and Llacolen, and some preliminary conclusions are drawn from the performed analyses.


As the population ages, the direct financial costs to governments are expected to rise due to the income support and health costs associated with an older population. This has led to an unduly negative, problem-oriented view of population ageing that neglects the contribution of older citizens to the social and economic wellbeing of the nation.


The injector of the TOP Linac (Oncological Therapy with Protons), under development by ENEA and ISS consists in a 7 MeV, 425 MHz RFQ+DTL (AccSys Model PL-7). It is actually in operation at ENEA-Frascati laboratories for the production of the positron-emitting radionuclide F18 for PET analyses by an intense proton beam (8 – 10 mA, 50 – 100 μs, 30 – 100 Hz). At the exit of the injector, the beam is guided through a magnetic channel to a target composed by a thin chamber (0.35 mm thick and 1 inch diameter) containing water enriched with O18. Two techniques aimed to flatten the proton beam distribution and so optimize the radioisotope production are compared: a spot scanning system and the use of a non-linear magnet system including octupoles. In the paper the details of the beam dynamic study and the first measurements results are presented.


ity of the works cited were written before 1999. In fact, Lo and Chiu, in collaboration with Allard and Wang (2018), began this analytical work in an article that focuses on the interviews with public library directors that they conducted for the present book using the conceptual framework of servant leadership. In its introduction, Lo, Cho, and Chiu state that the audience for this work goes beyond professional librarians and students in library science programs. The authors suggest their book will be an important read for "educators of all levels and, particularly, to government officials responsible for public policy formulation concerning social inclusion and the development of educational and cultural institutions in historical and contemporary sociocultural and political contexts" (4), However, this is a lofty goal that may not to be fully realized. Although it is critical for those in power to gain better understanding of the importance and potential of libraries, one may ask if it is realistic to expect that individuals that are not already invested in libraries will read through this volume in its entirety to achieve the desired awareness. That being said, different sections of this book may be of interest to potential collaborators such as leaders in other cultural organizations like museums, community centers, and educational institutions as a glimpse of the ethos of libraries and a sampling of successful projects. For individuals working (or training to work) in libraries, this title can serve as an interesting exploration of the knowledge and creativity needed to keep libraries vibrant and relevant to their communities as well as a deeper insight into the challenges their directors face and the opportunities they are creating.


Inspection data can be used to comprehend and plan effective maintenance of bridges. In particular, the year of initial construction is one of the most important criteria for formulating maintenance plans, making budget allocations, and estimating soundness. In an initial survey of bridges in Cambodia, it was concluded that the year of construction of only 54% of 2439 bridges surveyed is known, with the remaining 46% remaining unknown. In this research, Landsat satellite data is used to estimate the year of construction of these bridges. Landsat provides spatial spectral reflectance information covering more than 30 years, and for longer bridges this can be used to estimate the year of construction by visual judgement. However, limited image resolution means this is not possible for shorter bridges. Instead, a method using the Landsat Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) is used to estimate the year of construction. Three pixels are selected from Landsat image data in such a way that one lies on the current location of a bridge and two other reference pixels are placed on similar terrain at a certain distance perpendicular to the bridge axis. NDWI values are plotted over time for the three pixels and the difference in value between the bridge pixel and the two reference pixels is then compared. Before the bridge is constructed, all three pixels should have similar NDWI values, but after construction the value of the target bridge pixel should differ from the other two because the NDWI value of a bridge surface is different from that of the surrounding vegetation. By looking for this change, the year of construction of a bridge can be estimated. All the bridges in the Cambodian database are classified into three categories based on length (which affects their visibility in Landsat images) and year of construction is estimated. The results show that estimated year of construction has the same accuracy in all three categories.


One of the sheet metal forming processes known as single point incremental forming (SPIF) uses simple tools instead of devoted costly dies and gives us the flexibility to incorporate the change in ...


In this study, linked Western Australian health data were used to determine presence of an antibiotic‐resistant infection (ABRI) for all people diagnosed with a primary invasive cancer in 2009. Of 10 858 cancer cases, 154 (1.42%) had an ABRI. Patients with an ABRI were older (71.5 vs 66 years), and more had died in the year following diagnosis (37.7 vs 20.2%, P < 0.001). The ABRI cohort had a higher proportion of colorectal, genitourinary and haematological cancers (19.5 vs 11.9%; 14.3 vs 9.7% and 16.9 vs 5.8%, respectively). Hospital admissions with an ABRI were longer (22.3 vs 2.9 days, P < 0.001) and had a higher proportion of unplanned admissions (60.3 vs 15.2%), admissions through emergency department (36.8 vs 8.3%) and intensive care admissions (14.9 vs 1.7%, P < 0.001). Patients with solid tumours who developed an ABRI were more likely to have received chemotherapy (35.9 vs 27.8%, P = 0.04). In haematological cancer patients, a greater proportion of the admissions with an ABRI occurred after radiation therapy or chemotherapy (P = 0.01 and P = 0.005, respectively). This study is the first to report population‐level data on ABRI in cancer patients. Patients with an ABRI had more hospital admissions and poorer outcomes.


With the exit of Bretton Woods System and Gold Standard, the floating rate was adopted by most countries among ASEAN region. Floating exchange rate has been a major debacle issue for the volatility of world gold price in relation to national currency value including that of the ASEAN region. The motivation behind this empirical study is to examine the relationship between gold price and exchange rate of ASEAN major currencies such as Malaysian Ringgit (MYR/USD), Singapore Dollar (SGD/USD), and Thai Bath (THB/USB) against the US dollar. Gold price is primarily dominated in US dollar, and any variation in US dollar may influence the value of other currencies. The monthly meta-analysis involves the study of a span of 30-year data, effective from 1981 to 2010. While the findings report no short term relationship, a Johansen Co-integration test finds evidence of a long term relationship between gold price vis-a-vis the exchange rate of major ASEAN currencies, such as MYR/USD, SGD/USD and THB/USD. Further evidence from OLS shows that gold price has a positive relationship with MYR/USD but reports perverse relationship against SGD/USD and THB/USD.


This study investigated: (1) the relative social position of third grade speech-handicapped children as perceived by their peers and teachers, and (2) attitudes of parents of normal-speaking and sp...


Introduction: For a couple of decades particularly, both the increase in average age throughout the world and the developments in diagnostic technologies have gradually increased the importance of lumbar degenerative diseases in the practice of neurosurgery. Aim of the Work: The aim of this work is to evaluate the role of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with a single oblique cage and unilateral pedicular fixation in the treatment of degenerative lumbar disc disease . The results were recorded, tabulated & finally analyzed. Patients & Methods: This prospective study included thirty patients with degenerative lumbar disc diseases treated by lumbar interbody fusion using unilateral pedicular fixation. All surgeries were performed in the spine unit at Minia University Hospital, El Minia, Egypt. Patients were followed up for at least 6 months, and all of them were consented. Results: Follow up: All patients will be followed up closely; day after day for wound care until the removal of stiches after 15 days, clinical examination and radiographies will be performed at one month, three months, 6 months, 9 months and one year intervals after the operation. Conclusion: 1Unilateral PS instrumented TLIF is a viable treatment option for treating Degenerative disc disease as it successfully achieves: aDirect and indirect decompression and hence addressing the main pathology which is the nerve root compression. b-One stage circumferential fusion. 2-UNI-TLIF produces good results especially in terms of operative time, blood loss, implant costs, and hospital time for single or double-level diseases. 3UNITLIF should be extended to include other inclusion criteria. 4-An improved study design and longer period of follow-up are still needed to confirm this effect.


The most commonly used solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode material is a two phase nickel- and yttria-stabilized zirconia (Ni/YSZ) cermet. During typical fuel cell operation, this material remains a cermet; however, in a commercial SOFC system seal leakage, fuel supply interruption, or other situations may cause the anode to reoxidize. The cyclic reduction and oxidation (redox) of nickel results in large bulk volume changes, which may have a significant effect on the integrity of interfaces within the fuel cell and thus may cause significant performance degradation. Following initial study of the degradation mechanisms and redox kinetics, a number of solutions have been devised. These can be broadly categorized into system solutions and unit cell or materials solutions. The former includes purge gas, other means to produce a reducing gas, cell reversal, and passive solutions such as hydrides, oxygen getters, and steam purging. The latter includes alternative anode materials, microstructural modification of anode functional layers (AFLs), graded porosity, and composition ofAFL and redox barrier layers. This paper discusses the pros and cons of each approach and some initial feasibility testing in short-stack repeat units.


Electrical Machinery is an important curriculum for students who major in electrical engineering.But the some contents about special electrical machinery are abandoned by some teachers or learned by students themselves due to the less class hours.In the paper several efficient methods are put forward to help students learn several kinds of important and everyday household special motors in a short time.


Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Nervous System. Paul Kleihues, Webster K. Cavenee, eds. IARC, Lyon, France. 2000, 314 pp.

The new edition of this publication opens with the recently revised WHO Classification of Tumors of the Nervous System (Working Group, 1999) and then systematically presents each of these tumors and familial tumor syndromes in a …


When confronted with cracks or high stresses in turbine runners, we often wonder if the behaviour observed on one specific runner will be present on all other similar runners. In this case, we have a facility with 19 runners having the same blade geometry. In order to answer the question, we selected three runners for measurement campaigns. First, the runners were divided in groups using band length, materials and wicket gate geometries. We then examined two runners with different wicket gate geometries and were thus able to explain why one runner exhibited recurrent fatigue damage problems and not the other. However, even within a given group, significant reliability differences were found when comparing with a third runner. The observed data shows that an important turbine characteristic was overlooked. Our conclusions point toward eccentricities and imperfections in the discharge ring attributable to only the upper part of the labyrinth seal being refurbished in this facility. This may generate a significant imbalance in the force produced by the flow in the runner side chamber. The paper underscores the impact of such imbalance, which could be present in older refurbished facilities.


Monotonous increase of saturation drain current Idsat but linear-region drain current Idlin reduction during hot carrier injection (HCI) stress is observed in N-type Lateral Diffused MOSFET. But the phenomenon of Idsat increase is contrary to what we typically observed during HCI stress. The increase of Idsat has been attributed to the increase of saturation substrate current Ibsat after HCI stress. TCAD simulations showed that the lateral electric field increases under the high gate bias when a significant amount of electron trapping occurs along the STI corner in the drift region. The trapped electrons will change the distribution of localized electric potential and will result in the substrate current Ib increase. It is also observed that the 1st Ib peak at lower Vgs degrades, consistent with the reduction of drain and source current, due to HCI induced electron trapping. In another word, the electron trapping has two competing effects - one is with current degradation at lower Vgs and the other is with the electric field enhancement that causes the Idsat to increase at higher Vgs.


For the first time in 12 years, NICE has updated its guideline on the care of people living with dementia. This article summarises the key recommendations of the new guidance and how it differs from the 2006 document.


In the sports competitions of universities, the injury from the students' offensive actions should not be neglected. This article focuses on the reasons for the offensive actions form the viewpoint of psychology and finds out some effective measures of prevention based on the analysis of the competition motives, state of minds, the utilitarianism of students in competition, the strictness of the rules, and the levels of skills.


: Rural domestic waste treatment is an important part of the overall improvement of rural living environment, and its effectiveness is closely related to the participation of the waste producer and direct beneficiary of the governance effect - farmers. Based on the household survey data of rural areas in Shaanxi Province, this study used the double-column model (DHM) to analyze and investigate the influence of environmental concern on the farmers ' willingness to participate in treatment (willingness to participate and willingness to pay) in rural domestic waste treatment. Using hierarchical regression analysis, the moderating effect of institutional trust on the relationship between environmental concern and farmers ' willingness to pay was studied. The results show that environmental concern has a significant positive effect on farmers' willingness to participate and pay;institutional trust not only significantly promotes the willingness to participate and pay of farmers, but also has a significant positive moderating effect on the relationship between environmental concern and payment willingness to pay of farmers. For farmers with high institutional trust, environmental concern plays a stronger role in promoting their participation. In addition, years of education and the number of family members positively affect the willingness of farmers to participate, and the willingness to participate in waste treatment of families with higher income is relatively stronger. Therefore, improving farmers ' awareness of environmental issues, adjusting regulations to increase their acceptance by farmers, and creating a good environment of institutional trust will facilitate promoting rural domestic waste treatment.


Colour quantisation methods attempt to represent a colour image by a palette with fewer colours than the original one. This paper presents a method of this type, based on a previous algorithm called ant-tree for colour quantisation (ATCQ), which applies artificial ants for colour reduction. An important advantage of the new algorithm is that it does not require sorting the input data. Moreover, it applies an iterative process to increase the quality of the quantised image as iterations proceed. The proposed algorithm gives better results than the original one, and it is competitive with other well-known colour quantisation methods, such as Median-cut, Octree, Neuquant, variance-based, binary splitting or Wu's methods.


............................................................................................................................. i Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... iii Conference and Seminar presentations arising from this thesis ...................................... iv List of Figures ................................................................................................................... x List of Tables ................................................................................................................... x


to allow for strict quantitative analysis. To evaluate political 2 ♦ behavior through purely numerical means would leave many questions that statistics cannot answer. Thus, political scientists rely on nonquantitative analysis to explain these concepts. One tool used by political scientists to project future electoral outcomes is the evaluation of political culture. Political culture is "the configuration of ideas, attitudes, biases, and emotional attachments which characterize a political community."3 Political culture is rooted in the history of a people, with consideration given to their attitudes and demographic makeup as evolved over time. The use of political culture to explain electoral behavior is taken with some reservations because it is rather imprecise. Nevertheless, it is my contention that the study of political culture is a valuable option between pure statistical and pure historical analysis, and is a valuable method by which to study electoral politics. In 1988, the most widely discussed political phenomenon in the state of Montana was the defeat of United States Senator John Melcher. Much speculation and debate has arisen as to why he, as an incumbent, was unseated by Republican Conrad Burns. This event was even more unusual in light of the fact that it was only the second time that the voters of Montana had elected a Republican to the United States Senate. In 1946, Burton K. Wheeler, a four-term U.S. senator, was defeated in the Democratic primary and was succeeded by Zales Ecton. Why did Wheeler and Melcher lose? Were these chance occurrences? Did they do an ineffective job of campaigning? Do these elections represent watershed events in Montana politics? t 3 In this thesis I intend to show that the defeat of John Melcher in 1988 and Burton K. Wheeler in 1946 are explainable through an examination of Montana's political culture. By evaluating the historical development of Montana's political culture, we can see that these two unusual electoral outcomes are actually phenomena consistent with the state's political makeup, and should be a valuable lesson to future politicians who seek statewide office.


Two simple algorithms for the diagonalization of a set of sparse symmetric matrices of the form A+{Δk}k=1L for large values of L are proposed and investigated. The numerical strategies economize computer resources by requiring the reconstruction of the Lanczos basis for a small number of times compared to L. Each member of the set {Δk}k=1L is assumed to have a smaller number of nonzero elements compared to A. Both numerical procedures are derived from the Lanczos algorithm and use periodically a recursion to obtain the Lanczos vectors. Tests are conducted with both random symmetric matrices and with DVR Hamiltonians containing parametric potentials. The performance of the algorithms in terms of numerical accuracy, stability, and CPU time is studied as a function of two properties of the matrix set {Δk}k=1L.


Vegetable oils act in this way, especially sesame oil. Mineral oils are not satisfactory. Thomas suggests the following as a " sun-tan " oil: Methyl salicylate .. .. 10% Sesame oil .. .. .. 50% Liquid paraffin .. .. .. 40% It should be noted that none of these creams, lotions, or oils will protect against the development of certain of the more chronic effects of exposure, especially those arising from sensitization. Care should be taken to avoid undue interference with sweating, which may result from too lavish and persistent use of protective creams and occasionally may precipitate hyperpyrexia due to interference with heat loss (see Part I). The use of creams, etc., containing specific agents such as p-aminobenzoic acid must be watched carefully, since skin sensitivity to the chemical agent may be present, particularly if the area has been previously exposed to sunlight.


Every child will go through several stages in his or her life. They are different from each other as they are in the process of development of cognition, physics, emotion, and personality. For many children, a visit to the dentist can raise their anxiety. This anxiousness will lead to stress that influences the cardiovascular function in the body. The purpose of this research was to determine the difference in pediatric blood pressure between middle childhood and late childhood prior to dental treatment. This research was a clinical trial, pure experimental study. The sample consisted of 30 children within the range of 4-12 years old where they were divided into two groups of age; middle childhood (4-7 years old) and late childhood (8-12 years old). The blood pressures were measured before any dental treatment began and the values were recorded. The data were then analyzed using the One-Sample T-Test analysis. The results of blood pressure in middle childhood and late childhood were compared to the average mean values for each age group. It showed that there was a significant difference in the systolic pressure, which was found higher in the middle childhood group compared to the late childhood. From the result can be concluded that there was a difference in the pediatric blood pressure between middle childhood and late childhood prior to dental treatment.


Existing literature discusses a number of possible pioneering cost advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, we empirically test three different sources of long-term pioneering cost advantage---experience curve effects, preemption of input factors, and preemption of ideal market space---and three different sources of pioneering cost disadvantage---imitation, vintage effects, and demand orientation. We disentangle these sources by breaking total cost of a business unit into three different components---purchasing, production, and selling, general, and administrative SG&A costs---and identifying conditions that intensify or reduce the effect of the proposed source. Using two samples of business units, one for consumer goods and one for industrial goods, we find support for five of the six sources of pioneering cost advantage and disadvantage in both samples, while the advantage due to preemption of ideal market space is limited to the consumer goods sample. The unconditional analysis shows a pioneering purchasing cost advantage but even larger pioneering production and SG&A cost disadvantages. The complexity of our obtained findings suggests that managers need to think carefully about their particular conditions before making assumptions about the cost and, therefore, profit implications of a pioneering strategy.


In late 2014 and early 2015, the United States dramatically increased its presence in the oil market. This tremendous increase in production, which placed the United States ahead of every OPEC country besides Saudi Arabia, caused a global change in supply and demand that dropped the price of crude oil to $58 per barrel. This translated to an average gasoline price of $2.55 per gallon nationally on Dec. 15, 2014. The price drop reverberated throughout the global economy, affecting countries from Malaysia to Norway. In Venezuela, for example, it is estimated that a one dollar drop in the price of oil will cost the country approximately $770 million in annual revenue. The United States' decision to act influenced the entire world, and this is no surprise – economic control is just one of the many facets of hard power and hegemony.


The antemortem diagnosis of syringomyelia in the setting of sacral agenesis has not been reported before. We describe the clinical and neuroimaging features in 3 patients. None has required surgical intervention to date.


The graduates from Marine vocational institutes should also have wide coverage of knowledge. The future profession,shipping market and self-development require that school education focus on the cultiva- tion of integrated qualities.It can be successfully achieved by infiltration in profession subjects teaching and ed- ification of campus culture.


With the development of microelectronics and semiconductor, the density of electronic packaging increases quickly, which result in the high demand to the material. Aluminum reinforced with silicon carbide particles composites is one of potential materials for electronic packaging with its excellent properties such as low density, high thermal conductivity, lower coefficient of thermal expansion etc. In order to obtain the final product, packaging component of Al/SiCp must to be bonded with different materials in practical application. It is significant practical to research the infiltration bonding of aluminum silicon carbide electronic packaging materials and metal component. Al/SiCp electronic packaging materials embedded metal components are fabricated by gas pressure infiltration. The microstructure of interface is observed by EDS and XRD, Bend strength is in order to test the joint strength. The result shows that during the fabrication process of Al/SiCp electronic packaging materials, the reliable joint between composites and solid metal (FeNi50, Ti) can be realized. In the research of the infiltration bonding of Al/SiCp/FeNi50, it is found that (Fe,Ni)2(Al,Si)5 layer and (Fe,Ni)4(Al,Si)13 layer all exist in the interface reactive layer of the joint. With the increment of the infiltration bonding temperature, thickness of the former approximately stay the same, and the relationship between the latter and temperature is near linear. As a result of the formation of intermetallic compound, bending strength of joint is low. Interface bending strength is up to 46% of that of Al/SiCp (467MPa), when the infiltration bonding temperature is 670°C. On the study of the infiltration bonding of Al/SiCp/Ti, it is found that there wasn't any interface reactive layer in the joint. Mechanical and metallurgic combinations were all found in the interface at lower temperatures. When the infiltration bonding temperature is 710°C, atoms in the Al/Ti interface occurs interdiffusion and the interface, which has a 10μm thick diffusion layer, was bonded well. About the mechanical properties, it is found that, the bend strength of Al/SiCp/Ti is much more than that of Al/SiCp/FeNi50 and with the increase of infiltration bonding temperature, the bend strength increased first and then decreased.


Electronic speckle pattern interferometry with a cw laser has been used to study objects at very high temperatures. Interference patterns were observable to 1700°C, while high contrast interference fringes could be recorded up to 1550°C. These temperature limits were mainly set by the onset of surface reactions and melting of the objects. Examples on how the technique can be used to study deformations, oxidation shell growth, and melting zones are presented.


This is the 162nd book in the Routledge Studies in the History of Economics series, and the first to concentrate on the history of Chinese economic thought. It therefore provides a unique look at this topic—in fact, it is not only the subject matter that is unique, but also the framework of the book. In contrast to three earlier books on similar subject areas (Hu, 1984 and 1988; Ma and Trautwein, 2013), this book is described in the introduction as "a collection of papers on the history of Ch...


Objective To explore PstⅠ digestion polymorphism of omp2 gene of Brucella melitensis isolated in China.MethodsStandard strain of Brucella melitensis,vaccine strain(M5),wild strain of Brucella melitensis isolated in China and atypical strain were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis(PCR-RFLP).ResultsThe amplification product of omp2 gene had two PstⅠ digestion pattern.Of the 46 strains analyzed,43 had 2 straps of 238 bp and 44 bp,only 1 standard strain of Brucella melitensis biotype 1(16M) and 2 atypical strains of Brucella melitensis biotype 1 isolated in Qinghai had 3 straps of 282 bp、238 bp and 44 bp.ConclusionPstⅠ digestion of omp2 gene can distinguish some Brucella melitensis in wild animal and Brucella melitensis in cattle,which provide the evidence to reveal the geno-derivation of Brucella.


This study examines long term changes in the industrial and workforce structure of the Australian construction industry and their effect on the capacity of the industry to invest in training. The study finds that restructuring has raised the barriers to employer investment in vocational training and is the principal cause of sustained skill shortages in the industry. Using the 1986 and 2001 Population Censuses and economic and labour force surveys, it examines the significant changes in the occupational, industry, firm size, educational attainment and demographic structure of employment in the industry that have occurred over the last two decades. The major drivers of change include: new technologies; evolving consumer tastes; an intensification of sub-contracting through the intra-industry division of labour; outsourcing of activities through the inter-industry division of labour; and reduced role of the public sector in the industry. The study also finds evidence that a large proportion of sub-trade vacancies are filled by qualified tradespersons. This finding has important implications for current strategies to address trade skills shortages. It is concluded that changes in industry and workforce structure which exacerbate the lack of employer investment in training are creating an industry which does not have the skilled people required to meet demands.


Knowledge-bag" curriculum is characterized by the fact that students are supplied with the curriculums based on the concepts integrating persons with knowledge and stresses "an adaptability", which is regarded as a trial progress in the history of curriculum development. This kind of curriculum has paid too much attention to a social-culture adaptability and has an impractical and social-advance backwardness, so the key to changing "knowledge-bag" curriculum is just to establish the idea of cultivating the talents of creative ability.


The paper presents data on new locations of the rare species Potentilla freyniana Bornm. (Rosaceae) of the meadow communities in the Ussuri River lower course valley. The author gives the characteristics of phytocenoses in the places of this species growth. It is provided the data on the number of individuals in coenopopulations, frequency of occurrence, age spectrum, vitality, as well as morphometric parameters of individuals to assess their condition. Some measures are proposed to protect the Potentilla freyniana species.


e11107 Background: To compare the epidemiologic clinical features and therapeutic results of inflammatory (IBC) vs non inflammatory BC (non-IBC) in Tunisian patients aged younger than age 35. Metho...


Recently, Andeanist zooarchaeologists have introduced the so-called "ch'arki effect": a taphonomic factor to explain the disproportional occurrence of some camelid skeletal parts at archaeological sites. Briefly, it has been argued that the lower frequency of head and foot bones is the by-product of ch'arki (dried meat) exchange and therefore indicative of ch'arki consumption. This generalization, however, is problematic. When fresh meat is distributed (by trade) and consumed, exactly the same pattern as with ch'arki distribution is produced. To infer ch'arki consumption on the basis of the absence of head and lower limb bones is therefore misleading.


in this paper, by constructing learners portrait label system, integrating and screening out four dimensions of teaching interactive features, course completion features, learning engagement features, score features, it provides the measurement index for the labeling system of learners' portraits. Through data mining technologies such as clustering analysis and regression analysis, etc. it divides course learners into four groups, also explains the learning features and behavior features of each type of learners in detail, and identifies the factors that have the greatest influence on learning performance in learners' learning behaviors.


The present study employed Uses and Gratification Theory to analyze consumers' motives for using websites and weblogs to learn more about a specific product. In an online study (N = 182) four primary motives were located both for using websites and using weblogs: Convenience, information, entertainment and interactivity. Moreover, findings indicate that the motives differ significantly between the two media channels investigated.


Recent infarcts were compared with the anatomic boundaries of the involved vascular bed in human hearts to determine the amount and location of necrosis in relation to the myocardium at risk. The coronary arteries were injected with BaSo4 in 18 human hearts with 3–16-day-old infarcts. Thin (3–4-mm) slices were cut at 10–15-mm intervals, photographed, x-rayed and used for histologic analysis. Infarct outlines were traced from gross photographs using histologic confirmation of infarct boundaries, and the vascular bed was independently traced from the x-rays. Ischemic bed size and infarct size were then calculated by computerized planimetry. Infarct size ranged from 13–72% of the left ventricle (mean 30 ± 3.6%) and was linearly related to the size of the occluded vascular bed (r = 0.93). However, the infarcts were always smaller than the occluded beds. They involved 50–88% of the ischemic bed (mean 69 ± 3.0%) due to variation in the transmural extent of necrosis. A lateral zone of viable muscle within the ischemic bed was present but consistently narrow (mean 1.7 ± 0.3 mm) so that the infarcts involved 93 ± 2.3% of the width of the bed at risk. Thus, ischemic bed size is a major determinant of infarct size in fatal human infarcts. When natural limitation of infarct size occurs, it is due primarily to limitation of the transmural extent of necrosis.


Summary In any conservation programme, a variety of actors participate and interact in its different phases. They commonly have different perspectives and priorities regarding conservation, and diversity in the ensuing perspectives constitutes a barrier to effective conservation. In this paper, we analyse the different perspectives around the Programa de Conservación de Maíz Criollo (Programme for the Conservation of Native Maize in Mexico; PROMAC) in order to understand the possible causes that resulted in the programme not fulfilling its objectives. We used Q methodology and semi-structured interviews with farmers from a natural protected area to analyse the perspectives of the key actors who conceptualized, designed and implemented the programme and of the target population. Our research identified two different perspectives: (1) native maize can only be conserved with the support of community processes; and (2) the government, and not farmers, is responsible for the conservation of native maize. For farmers, native maize is key to their subsistence livelihoods, and they participated in the programme because of government monetary incentives. These differences contributed to dissimilar interpretations throughout the programme's implementation phase, which, in turn, likely contributed to PROMAC failing to meet its objectives.


Being able to monitor collaborative learning environments using unobtrusive measures is crucial to maximizing students' socioaffective experiences with a system. This analysis uses the cohesion of student responses to model students' feelings of power and connectedness to the group, two factors which emerge from a principal component analysis of a motivational survey.


PURPOSE: A micro-electromechanical system and an operation method thereof are provided to prevent the interference of voltage signals between micro-mechanical structures. CONSTITUTION: A micro-electromechanical system comprises a micro-mechanical structure(110) and an analog-to-digital converter(120). The micro-mechanical structure creates first electrical signals. The micro-mechanical structure comprises a digital shielding layer and an analog shielding layer on a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor circuit. The analog-to-digital converter is connected to the micro-mechanical structure.


The expression "isostructural polymorphs" would appear to be an impossible combination of two mutually incompatible words. "Isostructural" implies a high degree of structural similarity; however, conversely, "polymorph" implies structural distinguishability. The structures of two newly determined polymorphs of 3-chloromandelic acid nevertheless justify the use of this expression, for they differ only in crystal symmetry and hardly at all in molecular position or conformation within the crystalline lattice. We demonstrate that parameters derived by the XPac program can be useful in establishing the limits of isostructurality.


In December 1925, Vladimir Nabokov said that "everything in the world plays" and that "everything good in life - love, nature, the arts and domestic puns - is play." This thesis argues that, after December 1925, play was Nabokov's leading idea. Previous critics have spoken of Nabokov as a playful writer but have not drawn on the untranslated early Russian texts; have rarely discussed the actual games depicted in his novels; and have been vague on what it means to call Nabokov a playful writer. This thesis argues that Nabokov's novels after 1925 are all playful or game-like in different ways related to the games they depict, and become ever more radically so. It provides a chronological narrative of play as the evolving subject and style of Nabokov's writing. The first chapter discusses the sources of Nabokov's idea of aesthetic play in Kant, Schiller, and Nietzsche. The second chapter traces the emergence of play in Nabokov's earliest writings, from 1918 to 1925, isolating the themes of play of self, play as make-believe, and play as violence. The third chapter looks at how in King, Queen, Knave (1927) and The Luzhin Defense (1930), Nabokov adopted the scheme of Lewis CarrolPs two Alice books, first using cards as an image of play and freedom, then chess as an image of rule and game. The fourth chapter shows that in the 1930s Nabokov wrote about play in contrast to work, and deals with Glory (1931), Despair (1934), Invitation to a Beheading (1935-6), and The Gift (1937-8; 1952). The fifth chapter is about free play in Nabokov's American writing, and emphasises the influence of Joyce's Finnegans Wake. It covers Bend Sinister (1947), Speak, Memory (1951; 1967), Lolita (1955) and Ada (1969). The sixth chapter argues that Pale Fire (1962) belongs to the genre of the literary game, and is in complex intertextual relation to a previous literary game, Pope's Dunciad.


Flyer acceleration experiments are carried out using a KrF laser system with a pulse duration of 10–15 ns and an intensity of ∼1.0 × 10 13 W/cm 2 . Three-layered targets (aluminum–polyimide–tantalum) are used. First, an average velocity of laser-driven tantalum flyers with a thickness of 4 and 8 μm is estimated. Then, in a collision of a flyer with a copper layer attached to a diamond plate, we measure a transit time of a shock wave in the diamond. The impact velocity is estimated based on the transit time and a numerical simulation. This numerical simulation also shows that the initial peak pressure caused by the impact of a 4-μm-thick flyer is kept at 11 Mbar for 12–13 μm in thickness. Finally, whether this thickness is enough for EOS measurements is discussed.


The high inflation experienced by both developed and less developed countries in the 1970s and 1980s brought the Fisher Effect to the forefront of monetary theory. During this period, it became clear that inflation was an important factor in determining short-term as well as long-term interest rates. A rising rate of inflation not only increases the nominal amount of credit required to finance a given level of real expenditure, but through its impact on expectations influences speculative borrowing as well. Hence, inflationary expectations bear importantly on short-term interest rates. The main objective of this paper is to test the Fisher effect for Sri Lanka by modeling the expected rate of inflation from inflation forecasts derived from a forecasting model. A modified version of the monetarist explanation of inflation extended to incorporate the influence of import prices and movements in the exchange rate is employed to forecast the rate of inflation.' The paper is structured as follows. Section 11 provides an overview of the Sri Lankan experience with inflation. Section Ill presents the Fisher Hypothesis. Section IV presents the empirical models being tested. Section V describes the data sources and the time series properties of the individual variables. The study makes use of annual, quarterly and monthly data. Vi reports results of the Fisher hypothesis and evaluates the empirical results. Section VII summarizes the main conclusions. II. An Overview of the Sri Lankan Experience with Inflation


With the development of condenser materials, single-phase capacitor motors for domestic use have been made smaller, and the utility for it has been raised in these days. For saving electric energy consumed in motors, the authors have carried out experimental discussions on the capacitor motor. In short, with wedging of soft ferrite materials into the motor slots, the characteristics in locked, no-loaded and loaded motor have been investigated. Owing to ferrite magnetic wedges, Carter's coefficient estimated by the finite element method was reduced, and iron loss of the motor decreased. As the result, efficiency of the motor was improved about 6 % or above.


The self-avoiding Levy flight (SALF) in d dimensions with Levy exponent mu is formulated as a geometrical equilibrium statistical mechanical problem. A direct renormalisation theory, based on modern field theoretic techniques, is used to derive the critical exponents and the end-to-end distance probability function through first order in epsilon =2 mu -d. The non-perturbative structure of the probability function is characterised by a universal scaling function. The SALF represents a simple many-body system that can assume a continuum of values of epsilon near zero.


Rif today speak to the non-rapidity and non-smoothness of independence. This points to perhaps a larger issue in the question of which forces were important to the processes of decolonisation. In the book, the only place where the 'public' is important as an agent that can influence diplomatic affairs is in France. The 'leftor neutralist-oriented public' in France had agency in influencing the British diplomatic position on French decolonisation, in a book arguing that high-level diplomacy and international sovereign agreements were the key factors in decolonisation (142). So while not appearing anywhere in Tunisia or Morocco, 'the public' is an important actor, it is just the 'French' public. The problem is, of course, a function of the way that the 'public' is historically constituted: France by the 1950s had a public sphere built into its political institutions, one capable of having a 'voice' and thereby being an actor in the larger questions of the distribution of power (that is, politics). This public might be more or less powerful or consulted, depending on circumstances, but it was assumed as existing. Tunisians and Moroccans (along with other colonial peoples) had not already forced their recognition as a political force with a voice that carried any weight in political affairs, especially at the international level; indeed, it was the process of decolonisation that in large part constituted the recognition of the political agency of the various social groups in these countries. Because there was no recognised legitimacy to the political actions of people in these territories, there was no discourse or mechanism whereby 'the people' could appear as an actor at the diplomatic level, which partly explains their absence from the diplomatic archives and thus Ikeda's account.


murmur. Lymphatic glands were palpable in both axillae and in the neck, and the spleen was palpable. He was now found to have developed gross proteinuria with some hyaline casts. There was severe hypochromic anaemia: plasma proteins 4-15 g. per 100 ml. (fibrinogen 0-33, albumin 2 86, and globulin 0 96 g. per 100 ml.) An electrocardiogram again showed an inversion of T.3.


In this paper, we report our recent investigations into the effect of resist processing on defect printability. Simulations are conducted using both aerial image threshold and resist models in an attempt to determine the effect of the resist process. There is good agreement between the resist model simulation and the printing data obtained using the EUV micro exposure tool (MET) and a programmed defect mask. The CD error, or defect printability, introduced by edge defects on 70nm semi-iso lines predicted by the aerial image threshold model is larger than that by both the resist model and the actual printing results. However, this favorable difference vanishes for edge defects on 30nm lines. Mask error enhancement factor (MEEF) is used to understand the discrepancy between the aerial image threshold model and the resist model. Image quality measured by normalized image log slope (NILS) and resist process window characterized by exposure latitude are closely related to image MEEF and resist MEEF respectively, and ultimately determine defect printability for a given patterning and resist processing. Defect printability increases exponentially as the feature size shrinks. This nonlinear behavior presents a challenge for defining defect specifications for EUV lithography based on extrapolations from currently available printing data.


Previous studies in that line suggested that lateral interactions of V1 cells are responsible, among other visual effects, of bottom-up visual attention (alternatively named visual salience or saliency). Our objective is to mimic these connections in the visual system with a neurodynamic network of firing-rate neurons. Early subcortical processes (i.e. retinal and thalamic) are functionally simulated. An implementation of the cortical magnification function is included to define the retinotopical projections towards V1, processing neuronal activity for each distinct view during scene observation. Novel computational definitions of top-down inhibition (in terms of inhibition of return and selection mechanisms), are also proposed to predict attention in Free-Viewing and Visual Search conditions. Results show that our model outpeforms other biologically-inpired models of saliency prediction as well as to predict visual saccade sequences during free viewing. We also show how temporal and spatial characteristics of inhibition of return can improve prediction of saccades, as well as how distinct search strategies (in terms of feature-selective or category-specific inhibition) predict attention at distinct image contexts. Author summary Saliency maps are the representations of how certain visual regions attract attention in a visual scene, and these can be measured with eye movements. A myriad of computational models with artificial and biological inspiration have been able to acquire outstanding predictions of human fixations. However, most of these models have been built specifically for visual saliency, a characteristic that denies their biological plausibility for modeling distinct visual processing mechanisms or other visual processes simultaneously. In addition to saliency, our approach is also able to efficiently work for other tasks (without applying any type of training or optimization and keeping the same parametrization) such as Visual Search, Visual Discomfort [1], Brightness [2] and Color Induction [3]. By performing simulations of human physiology and its mechanisms, we propose to build a unified model that could be extended to predict and understand distinct perceptual processes in which V1 is responsible.


Although the clinical research and the clinical aspects of the other works in this collection of papers is very weak and although, according to most of these authors, the clinic of schizophrenia seems never to have progressed beyond E. Bleuler (and even he is so grossly misunderstood that one suspects he is only known second hand) much of the work is interesting and stimulating. Many of the participants are famous throughout the world, such as Pietrowski, Cattell, Shagass, Sheldon, Nolan Lewis and others and, as these names suggest, the papers range over many fields psychopathology (Salzman, Overall), clinical aspects (Goldman and others), psychometric studies (Cattell, Pietrowski), neuroelectric studies (Shagass et al., Rubicek), genetics (Rainer, Kaplan, Stabenau et al.), biochemical studies (Smythies et al., Friedhoff, and many others), therapeutics (Hoffer, Domino), constitution morphology (Sheldon et al., Zerssen) and many others. It is impossible here to discuss them all. They vary enormously in value. Some papers show serious care in methodology but many others roam happily somewhere in cloud-cuckooland.


Volume electron microscopy (vEM) approaches have increasingly provided critical insights into complex and multi-dimensional biological structures, including plants [1]. However, plant specimen face several challenges when processing for microscopy due to their hydrophobic cuticle, chemically diverse cell walls and intercellular air spaces that can collectively impede sufficient chemical fixation and staining. Optimal results for one vEM technique, serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM), depend on high atomic number contrast agents for improved throughput, resolution, image contrast and sample conductivity. conventional chemical fixation, plant tissues in paraformadehyde brain tissue high-pressure freezing and were fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide with 3% water in acetone, to temperature rehydrated and stained and embedded for conventional chemical readily compatible with x-ray microscopy imaged and selected area could be targeted for SBF-SEM images. Deep applied for and efficient segmentation of SBF-SEM dataset to visualize create quantitative 3D volumes. this chloroplasts, starch, Golgi, vacuoles and cell be readily discerned and segmented. These protocols demonstrated the utility of enhanced metalization for high-resolution 3D volume imaging of key plant structures and multiscale correlative workflows of plants.


Thermodynamics of adsorption of two synthetic food colours, Tartrazine and Brilliant blue, was investigated. The adsorbent used was activated carbon, produced from saw dust waste. For each of the food colours, equilibrium studies were carried out at different temperatures (308 K, 318 K, 328 K and 338 K). The Langmuir adsorption model was employed for equilibrium studies. Amount of colour adsorbed per gram of adsorbent, at equilibrium, was influenced by molecular size of adsorbate and temperature. Adsorption at the tartrazine-adsorbent interface was exothermic, while that at the brilliant blue-adsorbent interface was endothermic. Adsorption of tartrazine was associated with a negative entropy change, while there was increased degree of disorderliness at the brilliant blue-adsorbent interface. Each of the adsorbate-adsorbent systems was associated with positive change in Gibbs free energy, within the range of temperature employed in this work.


The construction of beautiful countryside is the national strategy of People's Republic of China, which involves the economic development, cultural revitalization and the happiness index of the villagers of the vast rural areas. The ultimate target of the construction of beautiful countryside is the construction of benign development of modern countryside lifestyle. The author introduces the paper with practical activity, and with the inheritance of cultural tradition of countryside and the design application using rural material as the tool. Through the comb of the latest voluntary service practice and relevant considerations on it, the study attempts to pursue the possibility and reasonability of ecological landscape design of beautiful countryside in China. In terms of the inheritance of cultural tradition of countryside, there are two forms. In the first place, it embodies in the protection of traditional countryside cultural landscape; and in the second place, it embodies in the continuation of the idea of harmonious relationship between human beings and the nature in the daily life of villagers. With the rural materials that are familiar to the local villagers, the landscape construction of the countryside can better exhibit the history of their own village, the memory of great humanity and honour. Only in this way, can the landscape design be welcome.


The paper deals with diagnosability and fault location of discrete event systems (DES). It presents a modular method for building diagnosable models wing Interpreted Petri nets, and proposcs an eficient strategy for computing faulty markings. A40del construction is based on a modular methodology in which the modules are PN state machines whew the diagnos- ability analysis is polynomially performed. Then several rules for module composition are defined in order tc, pre- serwe the diagnosability property in the global model.


A genetic algorithm-ant colony algorithm(GAA) solving long-term optimal dispatching of hydropower station is presented in this paper.The genetic algorithm is combined with ant colony algorithm.The advantages of ant colony technology such as the positive feedback,parallel computation and the global convergence performance are utilized in GAA.The evolution idea of genetic algorithm including the crossover and mutation operation can improve the speed of searching for the global optimization.On the other hand,a deterministic searching algorithm is embedded to improve the optimization performance.The result indicates that the proposed algorithm has the prominent efficiency and high searching performance by examples.


Published procedures (with modifications) were used for the analysis of arsenic species in geothermal waters, wine, tissue homogenates, and urine. Modifications of the standard system include addition of a water vapor trap to keep water vapor out of the arsine trap, thus disrupting the gas flow rate. The sodium hydroxide trap is adequate for elimination of low levels of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from the system, but for wine and geothermal waters, samples may require special handling to avoid interferences from these gases. The method of standardizing and ''sensitizing'' the system is described. The ''sensitizing'' procedure apparently decreases the number of analyses required to obtain reproducible calibration curves. (FR)


Aiming to teache education courses of Computer Science, the research sought to answer what are the challenges for teacher training in this area, from the analysis of some of the pedagogical education institutions in Brazil. The method consisted of a literature review of official documents considered by the higher education institutions, especially political projects and analyze educational institutions of the weight given to the basic disciplines, disciplines and specific pedagogical disciplines. What had the background of teacher education for this area ofexpertise was the need to overcome the dichotomy technical / didactic, leading achieved as a result of the need to promote the most qualified and committed training with courses in computing, allowing fitness training needs of the student front curricular guidelines. This part of training more qualified seeking freedom and autonomy by educators. Index Terms - Educational Projects, Computer Courses, Training Educator.


South Sumatra, socially intellectual, is one area that has a tradition of writing that is strong enough. Many found religious books or other themes that are found in this area. The abundance of these writings can not be released to the role of the scholars who actively and creatively to formulate the teachings of Islam to the people. This tradition is experiencing dynamic development along with the development of his time. The tradition of writing in South Sumatra typical "Arabic-Malay", can be traced historically in Palembang Sultanate era, which is the palace-centric. When the Sultanet Palembang by the Government of the Netherlands East Indies, this tradition pesantran move to boarding schools. One of the schools that is Pesantren Seribandung with the main characters K.H. Anwar bin Kumpul. From the hands of this phenomenal born clerics many religious books that can be enjoyed until now.

Keywords: -Malay Islam, -Kyai Anwar, -Pesantren Seribandung.


The agricultural environment continues to be used for inappropriate technology, reduced agricultural land, insufficient inputs (chemical fertilizers and inorganic pesticides), and air. Rice is the most important food crop in Indonesia because almost all residents use rice as a staple food. Rice straw is a source of organic material that is available after harvesting rice with a large enough amounts but the use of rice straw has only been used in paddy fields. This research is a field experiment followed by laboratory research with the following stages: (a) analysis of soil samples before the research was conducted at the Soil Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, (b) field experiments by planting Inpari 30 variety rice, biochar treatment and straw compost treated according to the combination of each plot treatment, and soil sample analysis at the end of the study to re-test the soil chemical properties after conducting research with biochar and straw compost. This research method uses factorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of two factors, namely: Biochar and Straw Compost. The results of this study indicate that biochar space has an influence on plant growth, namely plant height and number of paddy tillers. Observations on rice growth were 28 day after planting (DAP), 35(DAP) and (DAP) to find out the effects of giving biochar and straw compost, it is necessary to conduct further research on the next planting season so that it can be recognized and applied to save the use of chemical fertilizers. The administration of biochar and straw compost affects plant growth, namely plant height and the number of tillers in each rice with higher yields. It would be even better by giving biochar and straw compost together with higher yields. Thus, it is hoped that further research will be carried out in the next rice planting season to see how much residue is giving biochar and straw compost to improve rice yields. The results of the variance analysis showed that plant height 28 HST was significantly affected by biochar treatment with a significance value of 0.033. The results of the variance analysis showed that plant height 35 HST was significantly affected by the treatment of straw compost with a significance value of 0.018. The results of the variance analysis showed that plant height of 45 DAP was significantly affected by the treatment of biochar with a significance value of 0.019 while the treatment of straw compost had a very significant effect on plant height 45 DAP with a significance value of 0.001. The results of the variance analysis showed that the numbers of tillers 28 DAP were significantly affected by the treatment of biochar with a significance value of 0.013. The results of the variance analysis showed that the number of tillers 35 DAP and 45 DAP all had no significant effect by the treatment of biochar, straw compost, and interaction of biochar and straw compost because at plant age 35 DAP and 45 DAP the significance values were above 0.05.


Abstract Łódź, as a city of huge post-industrial and modern art potential, has become in recent years a unique Polish tourism destination whose urban fabric constitutes a perfect background for street art. Examples are the murals of the Urban Forms Gallery (large format artworks) which contribute to revitalisation as well as the creation of new tourism assets to form a new tourism space: art-tourism space. The paper describes both the process of creating this space as well as its distinctive features.


The security demands, main technologies of Electronic Commerce are analyzed and researched in this paper, and an example of encrypt signature is also introduced.


We propose a periodic cointegration model for the quarterly unemployment rate in Canada, i.e. a model in which long-run relations between unemployment and output and real wages are allowed to vary over the seasons. It emerges that in Canada this variation is related to the summer and winter season. Theoretical economie considerations result in a model that is able to explain the observed findings.


Lane marker detection is a crucial challenge in developing self-driving cars. Despite significant research, large gaps remain between research and needs for fully autonomous driving. We highlight the limitations of present work and present a unified approach for robust and real-time lane marker detection. We present a multi-feature lane detection algorithm and give evidence why relying on one type of features can be harmful. We design a lane model using geometric constraints on lane shape and fit the lane model to the visual cues extracted. We improve the robustness of our algorithm by tracking lane markers temporally. We test our algorithm on KITTI dataset and show results that our algorithm can detect lane markers in presence of occlusions, sharp curves, and shadows.


Context: The prosthetic technology in recent years has grown by leap and bounds. The most advanced gadgets like microprocessors are available worldwide at exorbitant costs. Developing countries have issues with terrain, access to services, and cost. The new design of the prosthetic knee joint was planned to develop a cost-effective, sturdy, and easy to fit a universal system. Methods and Material: This exploratory design was undertaken to develop a prototype. The design was further developed and tested for its materialistic properties. Pilot study assessing functions using this joint is also underway. Results and Conclusion: The novelty of this knee joint is that locking and unlocking are made simple such that it can be done by the transfemoral amputee at will, with ease, on the spot, independent of the terrain he/she is traversing. The awareness of such a prosthetic joint is vital for family physicians.


In this paper, we will solve 2Riccati ODEs using Maxima computer algebra package with applications in: (a) generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation, (b) cosmology problem. The results presented below deserve further investigations in particular for comparison with existing analytical solutions.


It is essential to establish optimum parameters for maintaining the quality of stored milk until the moment of consumption with minimal deterioration of its properties. The aim of the study was to evaluate total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidation status (TOS) of fresh and freeze‐stored samples (at −80°C) of preterm human milk (HM).


Abstract:Did Chaucer drop his philosophical interests in writing fabliaux? Critics often deny them serious implication, yet these tales share with "Troilus" and the Knight's Tale a core structuring concept expressing Boethian ideas on chance and providence. The Miller's Tale draws on the representation of flood in the Roman de la Rose as a providentially ordained event which human astrological science vainly seeks to forecast. Chaucer's fabliaux give readers the sensation of embracing intricate configurations of events in one climactic 'strok of thought', like Providence in the "Consolation of Philosophy." But the sensation is paradoxical: it reveals comical human short-sightedness.


This paper describes techniques for searching in handwritten and handdrawn documents. We assume that more and more handwritten documents will accrue, as pen-based computers like PDA or TabletPC get increasingly popular. In order to manage the anticipated amount of handwritten documents, powerful abilities for searching within the documents are needed. The techniques, which we propose, are well researched in the field of bioinformatics, where they are used for finding parts within sequences of amino acids or genes. This paper documents a work in progress research activity.


The final report titled "development planning gedung house store ( shophouse
) kenten mas palembang". The purpose of the final report this is to plan and
take into account the planning of the building structures shop-house. In doing this
planning data obtained from documentation and analysis of this use sni poles no
03-2847-2002 "procedures of reckoning structure concrete to building".
Regulation encumbering indonesa to the 1983.
Calculation planning covering calculation of the building structures
consisting of reckoning thick bony plates, the size of a beam and column. While
calculation structure, covering plate a ladder, the beam, a column sloof and legs.
To project management plan covering specifications ( rks ), and the terms of a list
of wage labor, a listing of prices of the material, nwp, barchart, and the curves ' S.
Planning structures using the quality of concrete Fc' 25 MPa, and the
quality of steel fy 400 MPa, The size of the dimensions of a column 25x40 cm
with long landscapes maximum 5.5 m, girder 25x40 cm, with size thick plate a
roof 11 cm and thick plate 12 cm, the floor a measure of sloof 25x40 cm with the
foundation of m. tread the depth of 2 m.
On the basis of calculations, writer can be concluded that in plotting data
and pictures must complete and calculation should be accurate to structure safe
and enforceable development of building houses the store.


More than three decades after the concept of international regimes was introduced, the study of why and how states may choose to cooperate, particularly around security, remains contested. While the field has evolved considerably over that time, there remain significant puzzles in the literature concerning the emergence of different types of security regimes. We aim to address these issues by developing the concept of a tacit security regime (TSR) literature. We define a TSR as an interest-based, limited, and informal mechanism of cooperation between states for the purpose of deconflicting their respective interests over a specific security issue. We illustrate the usefulness of our concept in the two contemporary cases of Russian-Israeli and Russian-Turkish security cooperation over the Syrian crisis (2015–2018).


Low frequency nadir and high rate-of-change-of - frequency (ROCOF) are the challenging issues to realize the concept of "100% inverter-based power system" or "non-inertia system" when all inverter-interfaced generating systems are considered as non-inertial systems. The appearance of new control technique named "grid-forming" (GFM) makes this concept becomes more of reality. However, there are various questions about the suitable GFM methods which should be used or how system operates with different control methods from inverter-based systems, etc. In this paper, the operation of droop based GFM inverter is verified, in comparison with other control methods including virtual synchronous generator (VSG) typed GFM and grid following (GFL) inverters. Simulation results are obtained by a modified IEEE 9-bus model built in PSCAD software.


The weir of the Hričov water structure has an untypical shortened stilling basin, which affects significant scour development in the downstream riverbed. A rockfill embankment structure adjacent to the stilling basin was constructed to prevent the formation of scours in the riverbed. However, increased flows at the weir erode this fortification and it is necessary to replenish the material back to the embankment after the flow situations. A 2D hydraulic model constructed in a flume of the Hydraulic laboratory was used for the research of new downstream fortification, which would be better resist the scouring effects. The model was created according to Froude's modelling similarity as a 2D model of the weir structure with control gates and part the downstream riverbed consisting of gravel. Different designs of the embankment were not allowed to interfere with the existing construction of the water structure. The construction of the embankment was designed as a concrete "secondary" stilling basin adjacent to the existing one. Tested variants of the embankment were of different length and depth of the stilling basin. The length varied from 11 to 24 m and the depths varied from 0 to 1,8 m. Overall 11 different design of the embankment were investigated. Each design was tested for three different flow rates on the model simulating common and extreme flow situations at the weir. The flows were selected to simulate also different hydraulic phenomena at the weir – overflow, outflow, and free overflow. After each flow simulation the scour in the riverbed was measured. The measured scour parameters were depth of the scour, the distance of the deepest point from the existing water structure and the amount of the material carried away. The resulting parameters were assessed with respect to each other for the corresponding flow rates. The best results in scour reduction were achieved for horizontal embankment with the depth of 0 m. The designs with increased depth were causing secondary hydraulic jump in the riverbed which increased the scours. The tested designs of the embankments were able to reduce scour size by up to 45% for the outflow, by less than 20% for free overflow and by more than 80% at the overflow.


The method is based on the adsorption of hydroxypropyl acrylate on charcol, desorption with dichloromethane and gas chromatographic (GC-MSD) analysis of the resulting solution. The determination limit of the method is 0.2 mg/m 3 .


We consider a discrete time Heath--Jarrow--Morton type forward interest rate model, where the interest rate curves are driven by a geometric spatial autoregression field. Local asymptotic normality is proved for stable and unstable no-arbitrage models containing a simple stochastic discounting factor. Based on these results, asymptotically optimal tests are constructed for testing the autoregression parameter.


The potential of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technique coupled with multivariate analysis was evaluated for non-destructively assessing texture of salmon fillets. Hyperspectral images (400 1000 nm) were acquired for salmon samples and their spectral data were extracted. Three texture profile analysis (TPA) parameters of hardness, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness were measured for each sample by using an Instron Universal Testing Instrument. Partial least square regression (PLSR) was then applied to establish quantitative models between spectral signatures of samples and their corresponding TPA parameters, resulting in correlation coefficients ( C r ) of 0.665, 0.555 and 0.606, and root mean square errors estimated by cross validation (RMSECV) of 4.09, 0.067 and 0.504 for hardness, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness, respectively. The results demonstrated that hyperspectral imaging is a potential technique to quantitatively measure texture of salmon fillet in a rapid and non-invasive way.


This work presents two approaches to design and implement three-dimensional (3D) graded index (GRIN) flat lenses consisting of concentric annular segments. Generally, the design of GRIN flat lenses calls for segments with very specific tailored permittivity which makes the realization of the lens challenging. To meet this challenge, each segment of the lens is replaced with a three-layer structure consisting of two materials with a high and a low dielectric constant in such a way that the high permittivity layer is sandwiched between two low permittivity layers. By treating the lens segments as transmission lines and taking the effect of multiple reflections into account, the layer thicknesses are adjusted in such a way that the rays passing through different segments interfere constructively at a focal point. To further improve the focusing performance, a practical design approach is introduced in which each segment of the lens is made of a symmetric seven-layer structure using only two materials (alternating in arrangement) with a high and a low dielectric constant. This design provides the following features: (1) almost all of the incident power passes the lens without considerable reflection, (2) the lens provides a constructive interference of the incident wave at a focal point, and (3) the lens has the potential to be manufactured using available material and technology. Numerical examples are provided in which silica and silicon are utilized as low and high permittivity materials, respectively.This work presents two approaches to design and implement three-dimensional (3D) graded index (GRIN) flat lenses consisting of concentric annular segments. Generally, the design of GRIN flat lenses calls for segments with very specific tailored permittivity which makes the realization of the lens challenging. To meet this challenge, each segment of the lens is replaced with a three-layer structure consisting of two materials with a high and a low dielectric constant in such a way that the high permittivity layer is sandwiched between two low permittivity layers. By treating the lens segments as transmission lines and taking the effect of multiple reflections into account, the layer thicknesses are adjusted in such a way that the rays passing through different segments interfere constructively at a focal point. To further improve the focusing performance, a practical design approach is introduced in which each segment of the lens is made of a symmetric seven-layer structure using only two materials (altern...


1. Why Biodegradable Polymers? G. Scott. 2. An Overview of Biodegradable Polymers and Biodegradation of Polymers S.H. Huang. 3. Degradation and Stabilization of Carbon-Chain Polymers G. Scott. 4. Techniques and Methods of Polymer Degradation S. Karlsson, A.-C. Albertsson. 5. Biodegradation of Aliphatic Polyesters Suming Li, M. Vert. 6. Starch-Polymer Composites C. Bastioli. 7. Polymers from Renewable Sources E. Chiellini, et al. 8. Sustainable Poly(Hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) Production G. Braunegg. 9. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Properties and Modification for High Volume Application I. Chodak. 10. Biodegradable Polymers in Medicine E Piskin. 11. Environmentally Biodegradable Water-Soluble Polymers G. Swift. 12. Plastics and the Environment J. Guillet. 13. Degradable Hydrocarbon Polymers in Waste and Litter Control G. Scott, D.M. Wiles. Subject Index.


a monoacyl glycerophosphor-vl glycerophosphate, which may serve as a precursor of diphosphatidyl glycerol, and phosphatidyl glycerophosphate. This organism also contains cholesteryl glucoside atnd an unidentified glycolipid which appears to be similar to a monoglucosyl diglyceride. No turnover or radioisotope labeling of the phospholipids occurs during nmetabolism. This lack of turnover during growth


Developing students' vocational ability is the core content of higher vocational education. Understanding the connotation of vocational ability and adopting the correct developing view of vocational ability are the foundation of developing vocational ability. Higher vocational colleges can effectively develop students ' vocational ability through implementing project course reform,exploring practical base construction,making excellent teachers and building practical community.


Educational programme on the theme of habitat conservation and biodiversity aimed at different groups, from preschool children to fisherman, was developed at the Dubrovnik Natural History Museum, with an objective to educate about the necessity of conservation of the threatened species of the marine fishes and their habitats. On the example of the research of Museum objects, the head and the caudal fin of tuna Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758.), as species described in the Red Book of Sea Fishes of Croatia, the workshops' participants got acquainted with the IUCN categories of threat and the Legislation. Since this particular tuna was caught at the Mali Ston Bay in 1897, the emphasis is also on this lawfully protected area of the special marine reserve, listed in the National Ecological Network of the Republic of Croatia. Educational programme titled How large was tuna at our Museum? consists of the interdisciplinary educational workshops on the following themes: assessment of morphometric parameters of tuna with the purpose to create life-size model of tuna, traditional fishing gear and its use, and finally the Legislation. Thus conceived programme of the interdisciplinary didactic workshops with the accompanying published material can also be applied as a separate educational programme about lawfully protected natural values of the Dubrovnik-Neretva County.


A vapor deposition reactor is provided to acquire uniform film characteristics, to improve deposition efficiency and to reduce a pumping time by using a small sized inlet portion. A substrate penetrates into a vapor deposition reactor without contact by moving relatively the substrate and the vapor deposition reactor against each other. The vapor deposition reactor includes a small sized inlet portion and an exhaust portion. A source material and a reactant is injected into the inlet portion(41). The exhaust portion(42) is used for pumping completely the source material and the reactant under a purge gas condition. The inlet and exhaust portions have the same structure composed of a plurality of holes.


Summary Milk phospholipids were fractionated into the major phospholipid classes by successive elution from a silicic acid column with chloroform, acetone, methanol (20% and 40%) in chloroform, and methanol. Each fraction was analyzed by infrared spectrophotometry as well as by chemical methods. Potassium bromide disk spectra of milk cerebrosides, cephalins, lecithins, and sphingomyelins are presented and compared with pure reference compounds. Concentrations of each class were calculated from specific bands measured either in chloroform or in carbon disulfide solutions. Respective weight percentages of cerebrosides, cephalins, lecithins, and sphingomyelins were: 6, 35, 32, and 24. Evidence is given for the presence of minor amounts of other constituents, including carbohydrate-containing phospholipids, lysolecithins, and unidentified lipids. Advantages and limitations of the method at its present state of development are discussed.


Background Access to neurological care for Parkinson disease (PD) is a rare privilege for millions of people worldwide, especially in resource-limited countries. In 2013, there were just 1200 neurologists in India for a population of 1.3 billion people; in Africa, the average population per neurologist exceeds 3.3 million people. In contrast, 60,000 people receive a diagnosis of PD every year in the United States alone, and similar patterns of rising PD cases—fueled mostly by environmental pollution and an aging population—can be seen worldwide. The current projection of more than 12 million patients with PD worldwide by 2040 is only part of the picture given that more than 20% of patients with PD remain undiagnosed. Timely diagnosis and frequent assessment are key to ensure timely and appropriate medical intervention, thus improving the quality of life of patients with PD. Objective In this paper, we propose a web-based framework that can help anyone anywhere around the world record a short speech task and analyze the recorded data to screen for PD. Methods We collected data from 726 unique participants (PD: 262/726, 36.1% were women; non-PD: 464/726, 63.9% were women; average age 61 years) from all over the United States and beyond. A small portion of the data (approximately 54/726, 7.4%) was collected in a laboratory setting to compare the performance of the models trained with noisy home environment data against high-quality laboratory-environment data. The participants were instructed to utter a popular pangram containing all the letters in the English alphabet, "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog." We extracted both standard acoustic features (mel-frequency cepstral coefficients and jitter and shimmer variants) and deep learning–based embedding features from the speech data. Using these features, we trained several machine learning algorithms. We also applied model interpretation techniques such as Shapley additive explanations to ascertain the importance of each feature in determining the model's output. Results We achieved an area under the curve of 0.753 for determining the presence of self-reported PD by modeling the standard acoustic features through the XGBoost—a gradient-boosted decision tree model. Further analysis revealed that the widely used mel-frequency cepstral coefficient features and a subset of previously validated dysphonia features designed for detecting PD from a verbal phonation task (pronouncing "ahh") influence the model's decision the most. Conclusions Our model performed equally well on data collected in a controlled laboratory environment and in the wild across different gender and age groups. Using this tool, we can collect data from almost anyone anywhere with an audio-enabled device and help the participants screen for PD remotely, contributing to equity and access in neurological care.