In the summer and autumn of 1940, the German military planned the capture of Great Britain's naval base at Gibraltar. The operation promised success. Spain was willing to enter the war on Germany's side and provide land access for the attack. Britain could scarcely hope to hold Gibraltar against a determined assault. Germany could strip the Royal Navy of its key western Mediterranean base and thus imperil British communications with the Western Hemisphere and the Middle East. Yet the attack never occurred. On 7 December 1940 Generalissimo Francisco Franco refused Berlin's request that Spain enter the war. Franco blamed the refusal on Spain's economic difficulties. Yet the reasons for his reticence were more complex. They resulted from Adolf Hitler's motives for Gibraltar's capture. A reexamination of these motives provides the topic of this article. Previous scholarship on Germany's interest in Gibraltar has defined the Rock's importance in terms of a peripheral strategy in the Mediterranean against Great Britain. The argument runs as follows. The defeat of France in June 1940 left Germany unable to compel Great Britain's surrender despite the direct measures of blockade, bombardment and the threat of invasion. Hitler thus seized upon the suggestions of his advisers that the Axis could end the war with attacks on Great Britain's Mediterranean targets of Gibraltar and the Suez Canal. As 1940 progressed, Hitler hoped that this strategy could end British resistance so that Germany's flank would be clear by the spring of 1941 for his primary aim - the annihilation of the Soviet Union and the acquisition of Lebensraum in the East. The planned attack on Gibraltar then, was part of an interim stategy to permit the isolated war in the East that France's defeat alone had failed to create.'


There are many ways of designing a circuit of elevator auto control. To simplify the design and make it more flexible, the way of modularization based on CPLD is presented. The control system of four floor elevator is analyzed, then top graphic an every lower modules are designed. The JEDEC file is generated after compiling and debugging, and is loaded on the board by daily chain. Using the method, the design time is shortened greatly, the cost is reduced and it is easy to be modified.


PURPOSE: To estimate the outcomes of definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for bulky or advanced-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We enrolled patients who had been diagnosed as having cervical SCC or ADC and received definitive CCRT between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2015. A Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI); independent predictors were stratified or controlled for in the analysis, and the endpoint was all-cause mortality among patients with cervical SCC and ADC who received CCRT. Propensity score matching was performed to create well-balanced groups.

RESULTS: We enrolled 3258 patients who had International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IB2–IVA cervical cancer without distant metastasis. Among them, 2927 patients with cervical SCC and 331 patients with cervical ADC received definitive CCRT. The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that ADC, advanced FIGO stage, no intracavitary brachytherapy, old age, earlier year of diagnosis, and higher comorbidity scores were significant independent poor prognostic factors of all-cause mortality in patients with cervical cancer who received definitive CCRT. Patients with cervical ADC who received definitive CCRT had higher all-cause mortality, locoregional recurrence (LRR), and distant metastasis (DM) (adjusted HR [95% CI]: 2.10 [1.79–2.46], 1.79 [1.35–2.37], and 1.97 [1.54–2.53] for all-cause mortality, LRR, and DM, respectively) compared with patients with cervical SCC who received CCRT.

CONCLUSION: Definitive CCRT in patients with cervical ADC resulted in lower overall survival, higher LRR, and higher DM rate compared with patients with cervical SCC.

Funding Statement: Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, LotungPoh-Ai Hospital, supports SzuYuan Wu's work (Funding Number: 10908 and 10909).

Declaration of Interests: The authors have no potential conflicts of interest to declare.

Ethics Approval Statement: Our protocols were reviewed and approved by the
Institutional Review Board of Taipei Medical University (TMU-JIRB No. 201712019).


Recently, I wrote to a banker in Maine who was planning to withdraw his bank's membership from the ABA. I wrote that just as a banker hates to get a letter from a customer who decides to go with another bank, I don't like to see any member leave the ABA. When the ABA loses a customer--a member--we all lose. A strong, cohesive membership base gives the ABA something an army of Washington lobbyists could never provide, a viable grassroots lobbying capability. Members of Congress listen to our lobbyists, of course. But they really listen when they hear from the bankers back home, especially when we're united around a common cause. Presenting a united front paid dividends, for example, in reducing our industry's deposit-insurance premiums to zero for nine-out-of-ten banks this year. ABA played a critical role in challenging the FDIC's numbers and encouraging the agency to move to zero premiums at the earliest possible date. Even a premium of one cent, for example, would have meant $20,000 more, pre-tax, to my bank. On another issue of great importance to many banks, ABA has spent a lot of time and money on the credit union issue, I know firsthand of this effort since my bank has been a party, along with the ABA, to suing the National Credit Union Administration over what bankers believe to be an unlawful expansion of the common bond. A good trade association should know what is important to its members if it hopes to retain them. About a year ago, the ABA hired the Gallup Organization to assess how well we communicate with the members and, more important, how well we meet their needs. In telephone interviews with 478 randomly selected CEOs across the country, Gallup asked bankers to rate the importance of five broad ABA product and service categories. Multiple answers were allowed. Not surprisingly, the bankers ranked lobbying as most important, with a 74% rating. Next was news and information about banking at 66%. Then banker education and training, 50%; networking with peers, 34%; and products and services, 28%. The ABA Communications Council asked for this study, which they hoped would give ABA more information about what bankers think of the ABA, what services they use most and what, if anything, needs to be changed. One of the study's key findings was that satisfaction with the ABA increases with knowledge of ABA's products and services and agreement with ABA on its philosophies and positions. …


Abstract— The 26Al/27Al ratio in a large number of calcium-aluminum inclusions (CAIs) is a rather uniform 5 × 10−5, whereas in chondrules the ratio is either undetectable or has a much lower value; the simplest interpretation of this is that there was an interval of a few million years between the times that these two meteoritic constituents formed stable solids. The present investigation was undertaken as an exploration of the physics of the processes in the solar nebula during and after the accumulation of the Sun. Understanding the time scales of events in this nebular model, to see if this would cast light on this apparent CAI to chondrule time interval, was the major motivation for the exploration.

There were four stages in the history of the solar nebula; in stage 1, a fragment of an interstellar molecular cloud collapsed to form the Sun and solar nebula; in stage 2, the nebula was in approximate steady state balance between infall from the cloud and accretion onto the Sun and was in its FU Orionis accumulation stage; in stage 3, the Sun had been mainly accumulated and there was a slow residual mass flow into the Sun while it was in its classical T Tauri stage; and in stage 4, the nebula had finished accreting material onto the Sun (now a weak-lined T Tauri star) and was in a static condition with no significant dissipation or motions, other than removal at the inner edge due to the T Tauri solar wind and photoevaporation beyond 9 astronomical units (AU). It is found that the energy source keeping the nebula warm during stages 3 and 4 is recombination of ionized H in the ionized bipolar jets and the T Tauri coronal expansion solar wind. The parameters of the heating model were adjusted to locate the ice sublimation line at 5.2 AU. In this work, a nebular model is used with a surface density of 4.25 × 103 gm/cm2 at 1 AU and a variation with radial distance as the inverse first power.

Under normal conditions in the nebula, there is a negative pressure gradient that provides partial radial support for the gas, which thus circles the Sun more slowly than large solid objects do. Large objects undergo a slow inward spiral due to the gas drag; very small objects move essentially with the gas but have a slow inward drift; and intermediate objects (e.g., 1 m) have a fairly large inward drift velocity that traverses the full radial extent of the nebula in considerably less than the CAI to chondrule time interval. Such objects are thus lost unless they can grow rapidly to larger sizes. Near the inner edge (bow) of the nebula during stage 4, the pressure gradient becomes positive, creating a narrow zone of zero gas drag toward which solids drift from both directions, facilitating planetesimal formation in the inner solar nebula.

Recent theoretical and experimental results on sticking probabilities of solids show that icy surfaces have the best sticking properties, but icy interstellar grains can only stick together when subjected to impact velocities of less than 2000 cm/sec. However, if the solid objects are very underdense, then a collision leads to interpenetration and many points at which the small constituent grains can adhere to one another, and thus coagulation becomes possible for such underdense objects. Simulations were made of such coagulation in the outer solar nebula, and it was found that the central plane of the nebula quickly becomes filled with meter-sized and larger bodies that rapidly accumulated near the top of the nebula and rapidly descended; in a few thousand years this quickly leads to gravitational instabilities that can form planetesimals.

These processes led to the rapid formation of Jupiter in the nebula (and the slightly less rapid formation of the other giant planets). The early formation of Jupiter opens an annular gap in the nebula, and thus a second region is created in the nebula with zero gas drag. It is concluded that CAIs were formed at the end of stage 2 of the nebula history and moved out into the nebula for long-term storage, and that most chondrules were formed by magnetic reconnection flares in the bow region of the nebula during stage 4, several million years later. Carbonaceous meteorites should be formed on the far side of the Jovian gap, with the chondrules being heated by flares on the early Jupiter irradiating materials in the nearby zone of zero gas drag, and they should have essentially the same 26Al ages as the CAIs (this will be very hard to confirm owing to scarcity of Al mineral phases in these chondrules).


Excerpt The localization of the precise site of massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage is of considerable value in guiding therapy. Newer methods of diagnosing and documenting gastrointestinal h...


The article provides a theoretical justification of the personal and collective unconscious. The influence of archaic archetypes of the unconscious on the religious consciousness of an individual is described. Z. Freud's orthodox psychoanalysis is compared with the analytical psychology of K.G. Jung. Freud's works such as "The Future of an Illusion", "Totem and Taboo" and Jung's books "Essays on the Psychology of the Unconscious", "An Attempt at a Psychological Interpretation of the Dogma of the Trinity", "Psychology and Religion" are considered. The significance of religion contributing to the individuation of personality is analyzed.


This work aims at assessment of factors contributing to cell proliferation in relation to histopathologic diagnosis and clinical outcome of 90 brain tumour cases from Egypt. Cases were taken prospectively from the Neurosurgery Department of Mansoura University Hospitals, Egypt. Their median age was 46 years and their sex included 42 (46.7%) males and 48 (53.3%) females. Of these cases, 14 cases (15.6%) had an age <20 years. Brain biopsy samples were processed for histopathologic examination in addition to flow cytometeryic analysis of DNA ploidy pattern, apoptosis, p53 and Bcl2 expressions. Meningeal tumors were most frequent (37.8%) followed by astrocytic tumors (26.7%), sellar tumors (12.2%) while the neuroblastic tumors were detected in 10% of cases. Females were more affected by meningiomas and pituitary adenomas whereas males were more affected by astrocytic tumors. Older cases were affected mostly by meningeal and astrocytic tumors while the younger ones were more affected by neuroblastic tumors. Malignant tumors showed significant increased levels of mutant p53 expression, S phase of both diploid and aneuoploid cells than benign ones (P<0.05). On follow up, most of the cases affected with meningeal tumors had become symptom free while recurrence and death were mostly observed in astrocytic tumors. Significant increased expression of mutant p53 was also observed among recurrent cases (p<0.05) than cases that become free of symptoms. These results shows that cell cycle markers in addition to histopathology can help in predicting prognosis of brain tumours with a potential impact on management plan.


The tax treatment of split-dollar insurance plans continues to evolve. Previously, companies used split-dollar life insurance to help employees defer taxation on the yearly accumulation of the policy's cash surrender value as well as to provide a significant death benefit. Then, in revenue notice 2001-10 the IRS said any enrichment employers give employees using split-dollar insurance plans generally is taxable. Now, the IRS has issued revenue notices 2002-8 and 2002-59, as well as proposed regulations, which together make many of the benefits of split-dollar a thing of the past. Here's how the changes affect clients with split-dollar insurance plans and what CPAs can do about them. INTERIM GUIDANCE Notice 2002-8 offers guidelines to employers and employees until the IRS issues final split-dollar regulations; the rules make two critical points about the tax treatment: * IRC sections 1271 to 1275 and 7872 would treat premiums the employer pays as a series of interest-free loans to the employee. * Otherwise, the IRS would consider the economic benefits of the policy (including any share of cash values when an employee receives them) to be transfers to that employee under IRC sections 61 and 83. The employee would value the economic benefit using the appropriate tables and rates explained below. Under notice 2002-8 timing is critical when the employee computes insurance protection values using section 61. The key date for CPAs to remember is January 28, 2002. Plans entered into before this date must use table 2001, which is part of revenue notice 2001-10, to determine the value of life insurance protection the employer provides under the plan. (Table 2001 is the commonly accepted authority for valuing policies. It superseded the old PS 58 rates as of January 1, 2002.) Plans also can use the more favorable insurance company one-year term rates to determine the value of life insurance protection. A plan entered into after January 28, 2002, can use the insurer's published premium rates until January 1, 2004. Thereafter, for an employee to use these rates, the insurer must make them known to all persons who apply for term coverage and must use those rates when selling such coverage. That means the subsequent rates will be higher than those companies now are quoting. Timing also is critical to how the IRS will tax policy cash values transferred to employees. Participants in split-dollar arrangements entered into before January 28, 2002, can terminate or convert such plans to loans by January 1, 2004, with no tax liability to the individual taxpayer under the safe harbor in notice 2002-8. THE END OF REVERSE SPLIT-DOLLAR In notice 2002-59 the IRS specifically targets these plans, where one party buys a policy (usually a family member or employee) and then "rents" the death benefits to another (a wealthier family member or employer). With the rent payments typically greatly exceeding the actual cost of the death benefit the policy provides, this strategy transfers large amounts of cash from one entity or individual to another with little or no tax liability. Notice 2002-59 prohibits reverse split-dollar plans from using either table 2001 or the insurer's alternative premium rates to value current life insurance protection. Since these are the only two authoritative ways of doing so, there is no method a reverse split-dollar plan can use to safely compute a policy's economic value for tax purposes. Because the notice does not offer an alternative, it essentially eliminates reverse split-dollar plans as a means of transferring wealth. The notice similarly provides no apparent remedy for existing reverse split-dollar plans that now are out of compliance with the law. The IRS will likely address the disposition of these plans--one taxpayer at a time. PROPOSED REGS The regulations the Treasury Department published in July 2002 apply to split-dollar policies and have a variety of provisions. …


A relatively fast and sensitive high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC/MS) method was developed for determination of glycolic acid, one of the major metabolites of ethylene glycol, in extracts of canine urine and serum. The procedure involves extraction of glycolic acid with methyl ethyl ketone and derivatization with O-p-nitrobenzyl-N,N'-diisopropylisourea (PNBDI) in ethyl acetate solution. Recovery was greater than 94% from spiked samples. Ethylene glycol and commercial antifreeze were administered to experimental dogs at different dosage levels to reproduce the naturally occurring toxicosis associated with the consumption of commercial antifreeze. Glycolic acid was determined in either the urine or serum or both from these dogs by HPLC and GC/MS. 1,3-Butanediol, a competitive inhibitor of ethylene glycol biotransformation, was administered to one dog concurrently with antifreeze. In that experiment, it was effective in decreasing glycolic acid formation and prevented acute metabolic acidosis, kidney damage, and death.


In accordance with the decision of the finance minister 34/PMK.03/2005 UN taxation philosophy about sharing property tax revenues between the central government and local governments that receive the proceeds of land and building tax is directed for the purpose of public interest, then the proceeds from the PBB constitutes acceptance of the State which must be shared between the central government and local governments. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of tax compliance in Target and Realization of Land and Building Tax payments. Sources of data used in this study is secondary data is data that comes from the Tax Office Primary service Manado. The results showed that the Land and Building Tax Revenue in theperiod of four years from 2008-2011 continued to increase except in the year 2009. In general, most people are aware of their obligations as citizens of Indonesia are good and they are aware that taxes are a form of public participation in local development to better developed and developing countries. Also there is a small community is not aware of its obligations as a taxpayer PBB.


The diocesan tax is a compulsory cash benefit imposed on the income of both a juridical person and a physical person. There are two types of tax in canon law: ordinary and extraordinary tax. Although the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts issued the authentic interpretation of c. 1263 and ruled that tax may not be imposed on Mass offerings, some doubts might arise as to the legitimacy of the tax imposed on "other physical persons". The conciliar Decree Christus Dominius states that priests are to contribute from their clerical income for the needs of the diocese "according to the bishop's determination". As such, tax may be imposed only in the event of grave necessity determined by the diocesan bishop following consultation with advisory bodies. Extraordinary exaction by its very nature should be understood as the voluntary offerings of clerics as their contribution for a specific diocesan purpose. The aim of the article is to draw attention to the legal requirements for imposing an extraordinary tax, the motives for establishing it, as well as possible tax exemptions. The analysis of the article is based on an exploration of the history of development of c. 1263; the concept of tax in canon law; extraordinary exaction; the subject of extraordinary exaction; the qualities of the extraordinary exaction; legal requirements of imposing extraordinary exaction; the question of income.


Container-based virtualization has gradually become a main solution in today's cloud computing environments. Detecting and analyzing anomaly in containers present a major challenge for cloud vendors and users. This paper proposes an online container anomaly detection system by monitoring and analyzing multidimensional resource metrics of the containers based on the optimized isolation forest algorithm. To improve the detection accuracy, it assigns each resource metric a weight and changes the random feature selection in the isolation forest algorithm to the weighted feature selection according to the resource bias of the container. In addition, it can identify abnormal resource metrics and automatically adjust the monitoring period to reduce the monitoring delay and system overhead. Moreover, it can locate the cause of the anomalies via analyzing and exploring the container log. The experimental results demonstrate the performance and efficiency of the system on detecting the typical anomalies in containers in both simulated and real cloud environments.


Authors analyse their experience with the treatment of ninety-three cases of cerebello-pontine angle tumors. A trained team with an otologist and neurosurgeon can obtain best results, both functional and vital. The postero-trans-labyrinthine approach, as described by House and al is used ad the method of choice. Analysis of cases shows that big tumors are frequent and their therapy difficult even if the risk of mortality has been diminished.


Among plant traits, plant secondary metabolites such as tannins mediate plant-herbivore interactions but also have after-life effects on litter decomposition and nutrient cycling, which could influence their evolution. By modeling the flow of nitrogen and carbon through plants and soil in a spatially explicit context, we explored the relative contribution of herbivory and plant-soil feedbacks as drivers of tannin evolution. We assumed soil nitrogen to be composed of labile and recalcitrant compartments, the latter made of tannin-protein complexes accessible by plants via associations with mycorrhizal fungi. In unproductive environments and for plants with low biomass turnover rates, we show that when tannins modify soil properties locally, plant-soil feedbacks alone can drive their evolution. We further predict the existence of positive coevolutionary feedbacks between associations with mycorrhizae and tannins, possibly triggered by the evolution of the latter as protection against herbivores. In line with our results, tannins are mostly present in conservative plants, associated with mycorrhizae and inhabiting unproductive environments. Our work suggests that plant-soil feedbacks can be key to the evolution of certain plant traits, in what can be interpreted as niche construction mechanisms.


Glass micropipettes are easy to fabricate, have excellent flexibility and stable properties. HKUST-1 and MIL-68(In) are in situ grown in the tip of a micropipette to construct porous nanochannels. After absorbing H2S, the MIL-68(In)-based nanochannel shows effective metal ion responsiveness for Hg2+-detection.


FIELD: polymers. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to preparing polypropylene grafted copolymers with anhydride groups. Invention describes method for preparing grafted copolymers containing anhydride groups that involves the following steps: (1) preparing the grafted copolymer containing the main chain of material of propylene polymer with grafted polymerized monomers taken among the group consisting of: (a) at least one C 1-3 -alkyl-substituted acrylic acid and (b) mixture of (a) with at least one vinyl monomer that is able to copolymerization where the total amount polymerized monomers is about 20-240 parts per 100 parts of material of propylene polymer and amount of substituted acrylic acid is equal or above 60 mole% of polymerized monomers; and (2) heating the prepared grafted copolymer to temperature about 170-300 C for dehydration of acid groups in grafted copolymer to form anhydride groups; and grafted copolymer also. Grafted copolymer of this invention shows good value of the strength balance (rupture elongation), impact viscosity and strength of welded seams in the end product and their impact viscosity can be modified easily with broad order of rubber materials. EFFECT: improved preparing method, valuable properties of copolymers. 11 cl, 6 tbl, 4 dwg, 5 ex


Within the context of the study of urban areas in Mexican cities we need to concentrate on the present situation of public spaces. This topic has been little studied in our country while in other cities in the world it has been given great attention. This paper deals with the creation and transformation processes undergone by the outskirts of Mexican cities. It also states that public spaces in popular settlements are the result of direct actions by the inhabitants who aim at creating good quality and lasting public spaces. First the definition of public space is reviewed within the context of low income settlements. Then the paper deals with the processes of producing a public space and it takes a look at the protection, improvement and management strategies and the use the inhabitants make of the spaces in order to satisfy their need of public life. This paper comes from an ethnographic qualitative research which includes interviews and field notes and it argues that public space has a great importance within the urban integration and consolidation processes in low income areas.


This paper deals with the project of a merger between BAE systems and EADS, announced in September 2012 and finally cancelled one month later. It investigates the rationale of the merger project and the reasons that explain its collapse. Our first aim is to assess the importance - usually put forward in the literature - of the pre-merger phase in the success or the failure of a merger project. Our second aim is to put forward the specificities of mergers when defence firms are involved. Using a single case study methodology, we show that the economic rationality of the project was based on industrial complementaries, economic synergies and personal motives. We then investigate the many political divergences, specific to the defence industry, which emerged during the pre-merger phase. Finally, the paper draws on the implications of the failure of the merger project.JEL Codes: L10, L64, G34


The size-dependent growth of dexamethasone sodium phosphate was studied in a MSMPR crystallizer. The Bransom,CR,ASL,MJ2 and MJ3 size-dependent growth rate models were discussed in details. Using experimental steady state population density data of dexamethasone sodium phosphate, the parameters of five size-dependent growth rate models were determined by the non-linear least-squares method. By comparison of experimental population density data and linear growth rate data with those calculated from five size-dependent growth rate models, it was found that the MJ3 model was the best one for predicting the growth of dexamethasone sodium phosphate.


The massive effort required to reduce emissions of CO2 to atmosphere will inevitably require the roll out of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) at many existing and new power stations. Considerable effort has been focused on capture or storage, while only little effort has been directed towards filling the existing gaps of knowledge in CO2 handling and transportation in a safe, efficient and convenient manner. CO2 pipelines have been in operation in USA, Europe and North Africa since the 1980"s; however anthropogenic carbon dioxide transport by pipeline brings with it new challenges due to the effects of different impurities coming from flue gases. It cannot be assumed that knowledge regarding the transportation of pure CO2 for Enhanced Hydrocarbon Recovery (EHR) can be transferred to the design challenges presented by the transportation of anthropogenic carbon dioxide mixtures through densely populated regions of Europe. This paper will address the Scope of Work of SARCO2 Project "Requirements for Safe and Reliable CO2 Transportation Pipeline", presented as a research proposal from an integrated team of pipe producers (Europipe, Salzgitter Mannesmann Line Pipe, V&M Deutschland, Corinth Pipeworks), energy companies (eni, GdF Suez, National Grid) and research centres (Centro Sviluppo Materiali, Salzgitter Mannesmann Forschungsinstitute) with the support of EPRG. The aim is to develop specific design requirements and steel pipe performance criteria for anthropogenic carbon dioxide transportation pipeline systems, as a first step towards creating European Guidelines for the safe design and operation of anthropogenic CO2 pipeline networks. The most relevant technical topic is the improvement of know-how and experimental data on fracture control initiation (the strong cooling effect due to a leaking defect can cause a brittle/ductile transition) to prevent an unstable long running shear propagation event by developing crack arrest design tools (also including composite reinforced pipes). Furthermore, information and data on anthropogenic carbon dioxide dispersion from a suddenly-fractured pipeline and from leaking vessels will be collected. This last "by product" result will increase the available public data for validating existing models for assessing carbon dioxide release (the size of the affected area and the consequences) in the unlikely event of a leak or rupture. This breakthrough approach will add to the knowledge base through extensive and expensive full scale testing in a manner that has never been performed before.


The invention belongs to the field of herbicide, and discloses a mixed herbicide containing bentazone, propanil, and acifluorfen. The invention also discloses an application of the herbicide. The herbicide contains main effective components of bentazone, propanil, and acifluorfen. A mass ratio of bentazone to propanil to acifluorfen is 0.1-80:0.1-80:0.1-80. A total mass percentage of the three effective components in the herbicide is 1% to 85%. The mixed herbicide provided by the present invention has substantial effects in the application in paddy field post-seedling weeding, and especially in the application in controlling various poaceae and broad leaf weeds in paddy fields. Compared to single recipe herbicides, with the herbicide provided by the invention, the herbicide potency is improved, the weed resistance is retarded, the herbicide spectrum is wide, the effective duration is long, and safety is brought to paddy and succeeding crops.


Recent advances in experimental techniques in biology have resulted in a tremendous explosion in the amount of "raw data" available to the life sciences community. The challenge of computational biology is to turn this "raw data" into "information." In this paper, we review some of the many challenging problems in computational biology that are amenable to treatment using a systems approach. Though computational methods have a role to play in practically all aspects of the drug discovery process, attention is restricted here to just two areas, namely: genomics and proteomics. The list of references contains citations of sources of other problems to which the systems approach could be applied.


"Modern unfair practice" means commercial practices of disloyal nature found in new commercial platforms used to trade, such as social media, internet, international trade, advertising programs and other commercial events. Such identification of "modern unfair practices" should be directly or indirectly related to impairing the legitimate rights of trademarks, disturbing trademark rights and/or leading to trademark discrediting.


Location information in the application of underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) plays a very important role. According to the features of underwater sensor networks, the ranging technology based on Round-trip Time of Flight (RTOF) without time synchronization was adopted to calculate the distance between the nodes. An improved PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) method was adopted to locate the nodes in three dimensional space directly. The localization error of this method had been compared with USP method and the standard PSO method under the circumstance of different distance-measuring error and different numbers of beacon nodes and unknown nodes respectively. The simulation result indicates that the proposed method can effectively achieve better localization accuracy with less beacon nodes and faster convergence.


The present invention provides a facility for producing ethylene, the reactor is provided toward the oxidative coupling of methane (2), a first material flow generated by the oxidative coupling of the methane ( the S), at least, C According to the present invention, the post-processing device (3) and the steam cracking unit to be connected (5) is provided to generate a crude gas stream (R) containing olefins and hydrogen, where the post-processing device (3) is formed the crude gas stream (R) is the first material flow with (S), for separation into at least the C Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method corresponding to produce ethylene.


It was attempted that copper-graphite composite was prepared only on the surface of a copper plate using a spot welding machine. Experiments were carried out with changing the compressive load, the repetition number of the compression and the electrical current in order to study their effects on carbon content and Vickers hardness of the composite. Generally, the carbon content of the composite prepared without an electrical current ow was smaller than that prepared with an electrical current ow. The former composite was prepared with that relatively small angular graphite particles were pushed into the copper plate. In the case of owing electrical current, graphite particles was heated, and partially or wholly dissolved into molten copper. Therefore, the latter composite was prepared with undissolved graphite and precipitated graphite from the copper melt. In addition, the Vickers hardness of the copper matrix in the composite prepared without an electrical current ow was larger than that prepared with an electrical current ow, because energization heated and annealed the composite. The Vickers hardness of the copper matrix in the composite and the volume fraction of graphite were expressed by the rule of mixtures. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2017073]


By Michael Greenstone (3M Professor of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Aparna Krishnan (Executive Director, JPAL South Asia), Rohini Pande (Mohammed Kamal Professor of Public Policy, Harvard Kennedy School), Nicholas Ryan (PhD Candidate, MIT) and Anant Sudarshan (Giorgio Ruffolo Postdoctoral Fellow in Sustainability Science, Sustainability Science Program, Harvard Kennedy School)


Studies investigating the determinants of international news flow in the past few decades are systematically reviewed and analyzed. The factors found in these various studies can be demarcated into two broad categories: gatekeeper perspective and logistical perspective. A synthetic profile of the past studies is also provided, which includes the regions and topics covered by international news, geographic distribution of the studies' locales, space/newshole allotted for different regions, and media examined by the studies. The article ends with a critique of the past studies and offers some prospects for future research on this topic.


Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using polymer blends as a single emissive layer often suffer from large color shifts with changing operational voltage. Until now, such devices cannot stand the critical demands of lighting industry. In this contribution, we introduce a pulse-width-modulation-based driver concept, enabling the user to simultaneously and independently adjust color and luminance of a single device with two contacts. This concept makes color-shifting OLEDs highly interesting for "mood-light" applications.


Rail transit takes the advantage of large volume and fast speed as the first choice for many people to travel, and the way of pedestrian transfer is the preferred way for residents of mountainous cities. Compared with plain cities, the sharing rate of pedestrian transfer in mountainous cities is higher. However, due to the large vertical elevation difference in most mountainous cities and the urban characteristics of group development, there are problems of poor connectivity of pedestrian network, inadequate interchange crossing facilities and large bypass distance in the pedestrian transfer in mountainous cities, which causes potential safety hazards and inadequate convenience for pedestrians to travel. By redefining the actual transfer distance and the planning and design scope, this paper analyses the pedestrian transfer characteristics of mountainous cities from a psychological point of view. Taking Chongqing as a typical mountainous city as an example, based on the newly issued Guidelines for Connecting Rail Transit in Chongqing, the application of the Guidelines in actual projects is analysed to prove the generalization of the Guidelines.


This paper presents the analysis and design of multi-variables fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based on the semi-tensor product of matrices. Firstly, based on the semi-tensor product of matrices, we introduce one new expression of fuzzy control rules of multi-variables FLC, which is very convenient in logic inference. Secondly, we develop fuzzy reasoning by constructing fuzzy structure matrices, and obtain a reasonable set of least in-degree control rules while the control rules are not enough. Finally, this approach is applied to design fuzzy controller based energy management and control strategy for parallel hybrid vehicles (PHV).


We numerically consider the system of coupled Raman fiber lasers which depending on the phase shifts between coupled cavities can be operated either in PT-symmetric or PT-broken generation regime. Within the full dynamical model of coupled NLSE we plot the generation properties map over phase shifts and pump powers. We found different types of the generated radiation in both PT-symmetric and PT-broken phase: quasi-CW stochastic generation, generation of noise-like pulses, and stable pulsed generation of narrow pulses of 100-200 ps width. We also reveal transitions between different generation states and types of the radiation over pump power and/or phase shifts between coupled cavities. In addition, we determined the optimal parameters of a system of coupled Raman fiber lasers to achieve pulsed lasing depending on the lasing regime with respect to PT symmetry.


The integrated photoelectronic registration and shaft-less transmission control system for intaglio printing machine set includes one upper computer with touch screen; one lower computer comprising a PCC power source module, a CPU module, a communication card, a C analog quantity input module and a analog quantity output module; and one executing mechanism comprising an HUB interface, a servo driver, a photoelectric eye, a cursor signal analyzing card, a coder signal analyzing card, a servo motor, a mechanical reducing mechanism, a zero point confirming approach switch and a printing plate roll. The system has simplified mechanical structure, convenient operation, stable control performance and high product quality.


This paper discusses the theory for RIPless in compressed sensing (CS). In the literature, E.J. Candès has proved that δ2s < √ 2 − 1 is a sufficient condition via l1 optimization having s-sparse vector solution. Later, many researchers have improved the sufficient conditions on δ2s or δs. Such researches have supposed that a matrix A obeys RIP and a signal to recover is sparse. In this paper, we do not suppose that a matrix A obeys RIP and a signal is sparse. We propose the RIPless theory and the method of any signal recovery for noiseless and noisy cases in CS.


The worldview of American Indians turns on the Seventh Generation Principle, namely that decisions—personal, corporate, governmental—by those who came before us affect today and that the decisions we make now in turn affect those who follow, stretching 7 generations in each direction. This is the basis for the often-heard phrase in everyday discourse among Native people that "our youth are our future" and why we place such special store in youths' health and well-being. They embody the continuity of the past, present, and future of our ways of life. As our children fare, so too we all fare. But mounting evidence chronicles the increasing peril of substance use among American Indian youths and fuels growing concern for the future of our youths and thus communities. The article by Swaim and Stanley1 is the most recent account to document the nature and extent of this condition among young Native people and the unsettling disparities between them and their counterparts in the general population. It is not surprising that the title of their survey is Our Youth, Our Future (OYOF). Swaim and Stanley describe the results of their most recent phase of a long-standing, schoolbased epidemiologic study of substance use by American Indian youths living on or near reservations from across a geographically diverse swath of the country.2 Their current effort is distinguished by a pointed attempt to maximize comparison with similar questions asked by Monitoring the Future, a study of the behaviors, attitudes, and values of large samples of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students across the nation.3 Their key findings, cast in terms of self-reported lifetime and last-30-day use of alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs, are consistent with prior but much more select and partial studies of the nature of substance use among American Indian adolescents.3 Just as important, they permit direct comparison with the nation's youths in general. Focusing on participants in the eighth (n = 570), 10th (n = 582), and 12th (n = 508) grades, the OYOF survey revealed that American Indian students, compared with their Monitoring the Future counterparts, reported significantly higher use of virtually all substances except amphetamines and tranquilizers. These differences are greatest at eighth grade and continue, albeit slightly attenuated, into the 12th grade. Of special concern is that such disparities appear to be growing at an alarming rate. Swaim and Stanley note that, in reference to their previous 2014 survey, the relative risk of American Indian students using alcohol and marijuana in 2016-2017 did not change. However, the likely use of other drugs by Native youths increased substantially between these 2 periods. There is little doubt about the value of continuing surveillance efforts such as the OYOF survey, especially given the changing character of substance use with respect to possible determinants, initiation, drug type, modes of delivery, perceptions of harm, and impacts of social policies. In this regard, the OYOF survey is a remarkable contribution to our ability to monitor and describe the landscape of substance use among American Indian adolescents. It is particularly valuable given the underrepresentation of Native youths in national epidemiologic studies. While Swaim and Stanley carefully consider several important limitations to their findings, other limitations warrant additional attention. For example, previous studies describe marked tribal and geographic variation in substance use among American Indian students.4 The 31 schools participating in the OYOF survey are distributed across 7 regions, with nearly two-thirds of the students recruited from the Northern Plains (20.5%) and Southwest (43.3%). I wonder whether the analyses undertaken—which focus on the aggregate—may have obscured important regional differences + Related article


The classical result by R.A. Fisher concerning reproductive value dynamics is expanded to the case of varying vital rates with a constant cohort Lotka's r. Based on the demographic potential approach, generalization of the concept of reproductive value is introduced, which exhibits exponential dynamics both in the classical case of constant vital rates and in a wider class of populations. The generalized reproductive value introduced in the paper fits the classical interpretation by R.A. Fisher as a discounted sum of future births in the general class of models addressed in the paper. Results could be of importance for estimating the fitness of biological populations, aggregate population modeling, and studying the long-term consequences of varying vital rates.


The microfilarial prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in house dogs in Nagasaki City was examined in spring and autumn in 1968. Of 3370 examined dogs, which were about 18% of the total dogs living in Nagasaki City, 690 dogs, 29.1% were found to have *長崎大学熱帯医学研究所業績 第555号 長崎大学医学部医動物学教室業績 第193号 170 末永 斂・伊藤達也・西岡 猛 microfilariae. In the dogs under one year no microfilariae were found, but in the one year old dogs microfilarial prevalence was already over 10%, and in the three years or older dogs it ranged mainly between 30 and 40. The mean number of microfilariae per about 20mm3 blood of positive dogs was 52.3 in spring and 57.9 in autumn. The distribution pattern of the infected dogs in Nagasaki City suggested that more intensive transmission by vector mosquitoes occurred in the suburban districts especially in residential quarters than the urban districts of the City.


To display three-directional forces at a user's multiple fingertips and to allow the user to grasp a small virtual object, we previously developed a side-faced-type multi-fingered haptic interface. This haptic interface consists of a five-fingered haptic hand and an arm, and the haptic interface is located on the side of the user's body. Therefore, there is a risk that the haptic hand and the user's hand will collide while the user manipulates the haptic interface. In this paper, we realized a control system for collision avoidance for a side-faced-type multi-fingered haptic interface, and present experimental results demonstrating its validity.


This work focuses on artistic projects that can be described as politically engaged and those that are based on - or are using as their coponent - the medium of photography.


A high-voltage tube resistance-capacitance divider is characterized in less temperature effect and short high-frequency response time. The divider comprises a mechanical portion and an electric portion, wherein the mechanical portion consists of an aluminum core, a connector, a conservator, a high-voltage insulated skirt tube, a flange, a ceramic tube, lower baffle plate, a base, an output terminal, an annular circuit board, a one-time dividing capacitor, and an insulated oil, and the electric part consists of a one-time dividing circuit, a two-time dividing circuit, and an adjusting circuit, the one-time dividing circuit is formed by serially connected capacitor C1 and resistance R1, the two-time dividing circuit is parallel connected branch resistance-capacitance circuit, the adjusting circuit is formed by adjusting resisters R3, and 6-20 parallel resistance-capacitance circuits are arranged. The utility model has low demand on around condition.


Probiotics are microorganisms that have positive immunologic effects on their host [1]. Polymeric microenvironments were made to study bacterial behaviour. E. coli biocompatibility tests were successful, and further studies with Lactobacillus sp. probiotics should follow.


The present research on gastrointestinal parasites in dogs was held out in the town of Pasaje, based on the following objectives: 1) Establish the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs of the urban parishes of the city of Pasaje, 2) To determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs according to their area of origin, race, sex, age, type of food and habitat 3) Develop an epidemiological map of the canton Pasaje. In addition the prevalence was determined the gender of parasite, fieldwork methodology consisted of dividing areas (parroquias) to the Pasaje to take stool samples in 200 apparently healthy animals, which were analyzed at the laboratory of Parasitology of the Universidad Tecnica de Machala to determine the variables. After the respective analysis and tabulation of the data could be obtained, the prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs from the city of Pasaje, of the 200 animals evaluated, 121 turned to be positive to gastrointestinal parasites, giving a percentage infection of 60.5%. According to the source the highest percentage was found in Loma de Franco parish and Tres Cerritos 74.2%, depending on the size of the race the highest number obtained it in the big with 67.3% size and the lowest in medium-sized 55.8%. Female dogs were 61.0% compared to males who obtained 60.0%, under 6 months had a 64.9%. Youth doors home habitat animals had a 71.8% being one higher percentage.In this way concluded that animals evaluated to determine prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in case of the Ancylostoma caninum found a 35% while that Ajila (2012) found a 13% and Apolo (2007) 23.6% both investigations were held Machala, lower prevalence that may be due to the influence of the veterinarian in control of parasitic diseases in domestic animals in this city.


Method for making a novel shell mold for use in direc tional solidification and for casting alloys containing reacting components, wherein a binder comprising a non-fibrous aqueous acidic dispersion of alumina mono hydrate and being essentially free of silica, is employed. The resultant shell mold is particularly suitable for the casting of nickel and cobalt based alloys containing relatively reactive constituents such as zirconium, alu minum and titanium.


A standard with choices? Though some object to the notion, the proposed IEEE standardfor local networking reflects reality. Two general approaches are being standardized, each appropriate to certain applications.


The so-called `Open Compilers' is a technique to incorporate various self-descriptive modules for language customization and optimization based on computational re ection. We apply the open compiler technique to a Java Just-In-Time compiler to develop the OpenJIT compiler, which allows class-speci c customization and optimization, fostering research of new compilation techniques such as application-speci c customization and dynamic optimizations. Benchmarks with the current prototype, which is almost entirely written in Java, have seen comparable benchmark results compared to traditional C-based JIT compilers.


In the article the analysis of functioning of youth historical memory in dichotomy "traditional-innovative" is given. The functioning of historical memory is seen in three different aspects: dependent on behavior, world view and emotions. The self-determination and life choices of school graduates are studied on the materials of an interregional sociological study. In the questionnaire the researcher used the information about the sex, a type of town the respondent lives in and a type of school he or she has finished. The data in the answers of city dwellers have such features as the innovative prospects better expressed than in the answers of village youth. The city youth want to get higher education in 69% of all answers (village youth 42%), to get a well-paid job in 56% (39% for village youth), to have a good apartment of your own in 60% (village youth 52%), to visit other countries in 33% (village youth 17%). The research shows that the thinking of village young school graduates reflects the traditional way of behavior: a job, professions that they would like, a friendly family.


We present a novel method of performing quantum logic gates in trapped ion quantum computers which does not require the ions to be cooled down to their vibrational center of mass (CM) mode ground state. Our scheme employs adiabatic passages and the conditional phase shift first investigated by D'Helon and Milburn (C.~D'Helon and G.J.~Milburn, Phys. Rev. A {\bf 54}, 5141 (1996)).


With the social economy development' constant request on vocational talents' quantity and quality,the quality of vocational education has been increasingly given priority by the society and employment unit.Different from other education,the higher vocational education oriented on applicable talents,thus,the appraisal form should be identical with its cultivating targets.The students' appraisal proves a complicated and complex system,the lever of college education,plays roles of irritating orientation and quality supervisor.Hence,the issue turned out the paramount factor in vocational education reform.


A 7.5-mm twin-screw extruder was developed specifically for the processing of energetic formulations involving nanoparticles. Prior to extrusion of energetic formulations, simulants of CMC, water, and alumina nanoparticle gels were extruded. Quantitative measures of degree of mixedness (statistics of concentration distributions) were obtained on samples processed with the twin-screw extruder and with conventional processing methods using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and were corroborated with microscopy. Twin-screw extrusion process generated more homogeneous mixtures of nanoparticles than conventional (intensive batch) mixing technologies and the use of surfactants further improved the homogeneity. With increasing homogeneity the suspension exhibited lower elasticity and shear viscosity. Overall, the results of this study emphasize the important roles played by the surface properties of rigid particles, the interfacial tension between the particles and the binder, and the rheological behavior of the binder. In the absence of properly selected binder and surfactant(s), the processing of nanoparticles, without agglomeration, is difficult to achieve. This finding may be relevant to the evaluation of past efforts, which have aimed to improve the ultimate properties of energetic formulations by incorporating nanoparticles.


It is shown that spin waves propagating in a planar periodic array of dipolarly coupled magnetic strips or dots with in-plane static magnetization can be nonreciprocal. The conditions of the spin waves nonreciprocity are: (i) breaking of the mirror symmetry of an array with respect to its plane, and (ii) complex structure of the array lattice. These conditions can be satisfied, e.g., if an array consists of at least two groups of strips (dots) having different thicknesses (heights). The largest nonreciprocity can be achieved if the static magnetic state of an array is antiferromagnetic, and the difference in the strip thicknesses is about two times. A significant dependence of the spin wave nonreciprocity on the static magnetic state of a strip array allows one to create magnonic crystals with reconfigurable nonreciprocal properties.


With the progress of the times, economic management has occupied an increasingly important position in the development management of the state and enterprises. Therefore, Chinese educators have begun to pay more attention to the economic management majors of colleges and universities, hoping to pass effective Higher education to train more professional economic management talents for the society. As far as the current economic management majors in colleges and universities are concerned, their practical teaching content is very scarce, resulting in the cultivation of professional talents who do not have strong practical ability. Therefore, the construction of practical teaching system has become the main direction for colleges and universities to strengthen their economic management professional teaching. This paper introduces the principle of constructing the practical teaching system, and puts forward some construction strategies in a targeted way. It hopes to provide some effective enlightenment to the economic management teachers of colleges and universities.


With the development of global medical education,the ideals and models of education in international diagnostics have rapidly advanced.The overseas diagnostics research is worth being used for reference.This paper analyzes the difference in physical examination chirismus at home and abroad so as to probe into the new way in diagnostics innovation.


In this paper, we studied the structural transformation of screw dislocations through gas-phase 4H-SiC epitaxial growth. We confirmed based on the numbers and features of etch pits on a surface after KOH treatment that some micropipes were closed in the epitaxial layer, and were divided into several elementary screw dislocations. We discuss the magnitude of Burgers vectors of micropipes in 4H-SiC substrates in relation to the number of elementary screw dislocations generated by micropipe closing. A depth analysis further revealed that most micropipe closings took place in the initial stage of epitaxial growth.


Land as a limited natural resource can suffer damage and decrease productivity if it is not managed wisely. Land use of anarea affects the hydrology of the area, changing land use means changing the type and proportion of land cover which in turn affects its hydrological response. Incompatibility of land use can have an impact on decreasing land quality, so that it often resultsin floods, droughts, erosion which will reduce land productivity and community welfare. The equipment used in this researchare: (1) Computer with ArcGIS¬ 10.4 software, ArcSWAT version 2012.1_8 Microsoft Office 2013, SWAT Plot for calculating R2and NS values; (2) Global Positioning System (GPS); (3) Digital camera, stationery and external hard disk to store data.Planting with agroforestry patterns and the application of conservation techniques in the Batang Merao Hulu sub-watershedhave an effect on hydrological characteristics, this is indicated by the reduced runoff coefficient value before plantingagrofrestry with the application of conservation techniques from 0.4 to 0.09 and the flow regime coefficient from 48.49 m3/s to 17.18 m3/s. The best land management scenario is to carry out planting with agroforestry patterns and the application of conservation techniques in the form of mound terraces. This agroforestry pattern not only emphasizes the types of woodyplants and MPTs but also prioritizes local local plants which are the prima donna of the people of Kerinci Regency, namelycoffee and cinnamon, so that ecologically, the hydrological function of the watershed is maintained.


In recent years, supervised video summarization has achieved promising progress with various recurrent neural networks (RNNs) based methods, which treats video summarization as a sequence-to-sequence learning problem to exploit temporal dependency among video frames across variable ranges. However, RNN has limitations in modelling the long-term temporal dependency for summarizing videos with thousands of frames due to the restricted memory storage unit. Therefore, in this paper we propose a stacked memory network called SMN to explicitly model the long dependency among video frames so that redundancy could be minimized in the video summaries produced. Our proposed SMN consists of two key components: Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) layer and memory layer, where each LSTM layer is augmented with an external memory layer. In particular, we stack multiple LSTM layers and memory layers hierarchically to integrate the learned representation from prior layers. By combining the hidden states of the LSTM layers and the read representations of the memory layers, our SMN is able to derive more accurate video summaries for individual video frames. Compared with the existing RNN based methods, our SMN is particularly good at capturing long temporal dependency among frames with few additional training parameters. Experimental results on two widely used public benchmark datasets: SumMe and TVsum, demonstrate that our proposed model is able to clearly outperform a number of state-of-the-art ones under various settings.


For an arbitrary set of distances $D\subseteq \{0,1, \ldots, diam(G)\}$, a $D$-weight of a vertex $x$ in a graph $G$ under a vertex labeling $f:V\rightarrow \{1,2, \ldots , v\}$ is defined as $w_D(x)=\sum_{y\in N_D(x)} f(y)$, where $N_D(x) = \{y \in V| d(x,y) \in D\}$. A graph $G$ is said to be $D$-distance magic if all vertices has the same $D$-vertex-weight, it is said to be $D$-distance antimagic if all vertices have distinct $D$-vertex-weights, and it is called $(a,d)-D$-distance antimagic if the $D$-vertex-weights constitute an arithmetic progression with difference $d$ and starting value $a$.
In this paper we study some necessary conditions for the existence of $D$-distance antimagic graphs. We conjecture that such conditions are also sufficient. Additionally, we study $\{1\}$-distance antimagic labelings for some cycle-related connected graphs: cycles, suns, prisms, complete graphs, wheels, fans, and friendship graphs.


This study measures the effects of the 1970 amendment to the Bank Holding Company (BHC) Act on the profitability and risk of BHCs using capital market data. Differences in abnormal returns and risk among three portfolios of bank shares which differ in their regulatory status are examined in various periods preceding and following the enactment. No significant differences in performance and no change in the relative risk of any pair of portfolios were observed. Thus, the null hypothesis that the nonbank expansion provisions of the 1970 amendment had no effect on BHCs' risk and profitability cannot be rejected. THE GROWTH OF BANK holding companies and their expansion into nonbank activities following the 1970 amendment to the Bank Holding Company (BHC) Act of 1956 produced striking structural changes in the banking industry. The nonbank expansion provisions of the statute triggered a continuing debate about the costs and benefits of these provisions.' Black, Miller, and Posner [2] consider the amendment to be an important innovation that can increase the efficiency and hence the profitability of financial intermediaries. Other writers, however, suggest that nonbank activities of bank holding companies may increase the risk of bank failure, thereby increasing the regulatory involvement (Silverberg [14], Orgler and Wolkowitz [13], and Mayne [10]).2 This study analyzes the effects of the 1970 amendment to the Bank Holding Company Act on the profitability and riskiness of bank holding companies. Capital market data are used to measure risk and return (Fama [6]).


BACKGROUND: The effects of current distribution and cell hydrodynamics on the performance of an electrocoagulation (EC) reactor were studied. This analysis only considered the distributions of primary potential and current density. The hydrodynamic behavior was analyzed by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using a turbulent model (k–e). For this study, only the fluid movement between electrodes was taken into account. RESULTS: The analysis of current distribution showed the effects of cell geometry and electrode configuration on both the potential and current distributions on the anodes. Insulators placed at the edges of the electrodes produced border effects on the potential values that favored a secondary reaction and diminished the formation of aluminum clots. The CFD analysis indicated that the cell geometry arrangement generates low velocity profiles between the electrodes. From the experimental evaluation, it was observed that EC performance was improved when uniform potential and current densities were achieved with low flow velocity profiles. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the hydrodynamic behavior showed the impact of different hydrodynamic phenomena on both the formation of clots and the removal of the sludge formed. Likewise, it was confirmed that in optimizing energy consumption, an analysis of current distribution is a very useful tool for evaluating the arrangement of electrodes and the cell geometry. c � 2013 Society of Chemical Industry


This report, based on surveys of the actual condition and the present state, considered the continuance and development factors of agriculture-food cooperation efforts. The agriculture-food cooperation means the cross-sectional or partnership (capital, alliance, labor, skills, knowledge) between food and agriculture industries. First, I sorted the situation out in accordance with categorized contents of agriculture-food cooperation and presented challenges. As a result, I found out (1) that the efforts are not fully understood, (2) that it seldom contrib-utes to promotion of purchasing behaviors or activity participation of the people living in cities, and (3) that the management developments are getting sluggish or they are being out maneuvered due to the increased efforts of the saturated market. Next, I showed the results of case researches in rehabilitation facility for mentally disabled "COCOROMI- Gakuen" and "Coco Farm & Winery" run by the facility. The facility has supported the independence of the people with disabilities through farm operations and production of wine, and the business has continued and developed for 60 years since 1950. Based on the case analysis, I found that the cooperation aimed at challenges and the principle formulation are important for the continuance and development of efforts and that participations of various subjects who inherited the principle play a significant role.


Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) is acknowledged to be nature's silent healer. It is a prospective herbal plant applied world widely in traditional systems of medicine (TSM) to modern medicine. It is medically very effective for various diseases such as diabetes, blood coagulation, cancer, menstrual stimulation and several diseases. Momordica fruit is frequently used in TSM, because it is very potent for cure, multidimensional function and reduces the consequences of diseases. Bitter guard is well-known to have hypoglycaemic activity. The endeavor of this review is to comprehend the knowledge of plants used in TSM and in applied biotechnology, for researches in relation to formulate their use by eloquent their pharmacological properties, therapeutic agents so that the data and information of this review could be utilized in drawing approaches for coherent and more systematic and scientific use of medicinal plants in an approach that can be complete point of view for scientific and technical analysis in miscellaneous aspects. Here, we would like to light on its contribution in the field of biotechnology, and few highlights from TSM. In addition, we will uncover the supplementary medicinal properties of M. charantia that will help researchers to pull in concert data regarding the fruit effortlessly. Keywords: Momordica charantia, biotechnology, bitter gourd, traditional system of medicine (TSM) Cite this Article Parray ZA, Parray SA, Islam A. Bitter Gourd ( Momordica charantia ) : A Natural Gift in Support of the Research in Medicine and Biotechnology. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Biotechnology . 2017; 7(1): 1–13p.


We show that the sup-t-norm and inf-residuum types of fuzzy relational equations, considered in the literature as two different types, can be viewed as two particular instances of a single, more general type of equation. We demonstrate that several pairs of corresponding results on the sup-t-norm and inf-residuum types of equations are simple consequences of single results on the on the more general type of equation.


Background Autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) cover a spectrum of diseases, which lead to chronic or recurrent inflammation caused by activation of the innate immune system, typically in the absence of high titre autoantibodies.1 The most common monogenic AIDs are cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic fever syndrome (TRAPS). In hereditary AIDs, chronic and recurrent inflammation can lead to both acute disease and irreversible damage.2 Objectives To describe irreversible damage and diagnostic delay of AID in Polish adult patients (age≥18). Methods We rewieved the records of 11 Caucasian (2 women, 9 men) and one female patient with Middle Eastern ancestry followed in our center from Aug 2012 to Jan 2019. We analysed demographic features, diagnostic delay, previous diagnosis and organ damage3. Results Eleven patients had documented variant mutation and AID diagnosis (6-TRAPS, 4-CAPS, 1-FMF). One patient with AA amyloidosis had negative genetic results. The mean age of the patients at the time of disease onset was 9,1 years (0,1- 37) and 33 years (16-62) at diagnosis, In all Caucasian patients diagnosis was established after the age of 18. Previous diagnosis was: JIA (2), AOSD (2), UCTD (4), vasculitis (1), seronegative RA (1), FMF (3 finaly confirmed TRAPS) and allergy (3). Prior treatment included GCS (12/12), cDMARDS (7), antimalarials (6), colchcine (4), bDMARDS: tocilizumab-1, etanercept-2, adalimumab-1, CYC (2).After diagnosis 11 patients received IL-1 inhibitor, ankinra, Only one, 62 year old woman with TRAPS, did not need biological treatment. Only 3 TRAPS patients were free from damage accrual. We documented following damage categories: renal/amyloidosis (5 male cases), developmental (3 growth retardation), ear (severe hearing loss -3 CAPS cases). CINCA male patient at age 29 had multiple organ damage: neurological (epilepsy), severe hearing loss, severe ocular involvement (including optic nerve athrophy), joint restriction and deformity leading to complete physical disability. One FMF woman was adviced elective abortion, one MWS had miscarriage. Two of 3 women had history of malignancy (one: breast cancer and ovarian cancer, and another thyroid cancer). No any mental retardation occured. During follow up 2 male patients with extensive amyloidosis died despite anakinra treatment. Conclusion AID are misdiagnosed and have high risk of damage. We advocate the need for efforts in order to increase awarness of AID to reduce the diagnostic delay. The frequency of malignancy in AID should be addressed in future international collaborative studies. References [1] Masters SL, et al. Horror autoinflammaticus: the molecular pathophysiology of autoinflammatory disease. Annu Rev Immunol 2009;27:621–68. [2] Federici S, et al. Evidence-based provisional clinical classification criteria for autoinflammatory periodic fevers. Ann Rheumatic Dis 2015;74:799–805. [3] ter Haar NM, et al. Development of the autoinfammatory disease damage index. Ann Rheum Dis 2017;76:821–830 Disclosure of Interests None declared


On the evening of 19 June 1790, an "Arab" delivered a speech at the bar of the National Assembly for the first time in French history. He expressed, according to the procès verbale, "the sentiments of respect and admiration inspired in him by a Constitution destined to bring happiness to the entire universe." 1 Dom Denis Chawich spoke on behalf of the members of a deputation from the foreign communities in Paris who were seeking permission to participate in the first great festival of the Revolution, the grand "Festival of the Federation" to celebrate the imminent anniversary of the storming of the Bastille. The actual words of his speech have been lost. The Moniteur recorded simply, "Un Turc prend la parole. La difficulté avec laquelle il prononce le français ne permet pas de retenir son discours." (A Turk took the floor. The difficulty of his French pronunciation did not permit us to retain his speech.) 2 However, the Mercure de France went further, reporting, "an Asiatic made his personal compliments half in French and half in Arabic, such that he could be understood only by experts." 3 However, the President of the Assembly, the Baron de Menou, declared grandiloquently in response, "It was Arabia that once gave philosophy lessons to Europe.. today France wishes to acquit that debt by giving lessons in Liberty." 4 He recommended that these foreigners should return to their patrie to inform their monarchs of the enlightened actions of Louis


Nowadays, several commercial IT applications for asphalt road construction are available which relate to various sub- processes of production, transport and paving activities. A state-of-the-art of the main applications is given in this paper. In order to investigate the scale of use of such systems in the Flemish road construction sector, a survey was carried out at several Flemish contractors. From this, it was concluded that the use is quite limited, in contrast to its availability. Furthermore, other parties' views on this matter were also examined, including road authorities, certification bodies and research institutions. It was found that the lack of registration and archiving of parameters, that influence the pavement process and quality, complicate pro- found subsequently follow-up of the construction activities. The surveys show the need for an independently managed data storage system for the complete production of a road construction. An IT architecture is developed in order to provide an answer to this need. The developed system is objectified through four use cases, which are demonstrated in several demo tracks.


Although the No Child Left Behind Act was intended to help "all students meet high academic standards," it is focused on subgroups of low-achieving students. The authors analyze the possible impact of the legislation's requirement for performance reporting by racial subgroup in light of the considerable racial segregation in U.S. schools. In particular, using data on elementary and middle schools in New York State, the authors show that the schools are so highly segregated that more than half are too homogeneous to report test scores for any racial or ethnic subgroups. In addition, they show that the racial achievement gap is greatest across segregated schools rather than within integrated ones. The authors analyze the characteristics of schools that are and are not accountable for subgroups, finding that urban schools and large schools are particularly likely to be accountable, and conclude with implications for the reach of the law and for incentives for school segregation.


The Eastern Himalaya-SE Tibetan Plateau area is one of the cornerstones to understand the tectonic evolution that led to the formation of the Himalayan belt and the Tibetan Plateau. The Tethyan Himalaya series preserves a detailed record of processes which occurred since the closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean until present. The study area ranges between longitudes of E90°and E92°50 ́ and it is dominated by the Triassic flysch. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) measured in 53 sites, structural and thermochronology analysis provides new data to characterize the tectonic evolution of the Tethyan Himalaya Thrust Belt in SE Tibet. Magnetic mineralogy studies show that the geographical distribution of the axes of the ellipsoid of magnetic susceptibility can be interpreted in terms of preferred orientation of the phyllosilicates. The magnetic fabric can be characterized by the magnetic foliation and the magnetic lineation which are concordant with the planar and linear structures of tectonic origin defined by the preferred orientation of the iron-bearing silicates. In SE Tibet AMS is a useful tool because it help us to trace lineations (magnetic lineations) when it is difficult to identify them in the field or in thin sections.


Firstly, this paper points out the importance of modern service industry in improving urban competitiveness. Then the authors analyze the problems and prospects of modern service industry in Suzhou city, and discuss the industrial relationship between Suzhou and Shanghai. In the end of this article, the future strategies of development of modern service industry of Suzhou are provided.


In the present work, the design of a two-phase separation system (gas-liq) is carried out in a Diesel hydrotreating unit in Cartagena, with the central equipment being the knock out drum (KNO). The KNO is a device used in several industrial applications to separate vapor-liq phases, whose main objective will be to avoid the dragging of liquids to a compressor of the process. Which, is responsible for sending the sulfuric acid-free hydrogen to other sections where required. To achieve the proposed objective, initially the operational information of the teams involved in the process was collected, such as the gas stripping device, the rich amine drum and the compressor already mentioned above. Subsequently, a sequence of calculations was established for the design of the gasliq separator where parameters such as the compressibility factor, viscosity and gas capacity, critical speed and settling speed, nozzle diameter of the inlet, liquid capacity
among others intervened. factors necessary for the proper sizing of the equipment. Finally, an economic analysis was carried out to know the viability of the project. It was implemented when the initial investment started compared to the United States. Ultimately, the compressor failure only represents 0.12% of the cost of repairs and the cost of production for the stops required in this time...


Possibilities of the decision of a problem of preservation of health of the trained are investigated taking into account their gender features, including, their mental status and motivation on a healthy way of life.


In Hungary, prejudices toward Roma and the LGBT community are highly salient and explicit in public opinion, the media, and in the political discourse. The present study examined the effectiveness of the Living Library prejudice reduction intervention—in which participants as "Readers" have engaging contact with living "Books" who are trained volunteers from the Roma and LGBT communities. In a pre-post intervention study with high school students (N = 105), results suggest that the Living Library intervention reduced participants' scores on multiple measures of prejudice. The Living Library intervention appeared to be effective among both those participants whose friends endorsed prejudice or more tolerant attitudes toward Roma and LGBT people. In sum, Living Library appears to be a useful method for reducing prejudice in contexts which are characterized by strong negative attitudes toward these different groups.


The main purpose of the study is to analyze the socio-economic and demographic aspects of human potential development in Azerbaijan. The work is based on the methods of evaluation, structural-logical, historical and comparative analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction. The place and role of human potential in the system of social innovations as an important factor of innovative development of the country are revealed, characteristic features and effective mechanisms of economic management are revealed. It is stated that the human development index, calculated on the basis of indicators of education, average life expectancy and standard of living of the population, is directly related to the socio-economic and demographic development of the country. There is an urgent need to study the demographic and socio-economic aspects associated with this indicator. A deeper study of human potential development in Azerbaijan is required. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using it in improving the state policy in the field of education, personnel management, improving the innovative strategy for the development of regions and the country as a whole.


Article is devoted to problems of the organization of effective monitoring of financial indicators as a part of strategic financial value-based management by the enterprise. The main goals of offered research are to describe some analytical approaches and to modify them for effective valuation of the emerging markets enterprises (in particular, to valuate the strategic financial benchmarks of the unprofitable Ukrainian oil refineries which are absent on stock market). Finally, the author offers discriminant model which includes the main financial benchmarks of strategic corporate development (cash value added as an indicator of operating activity; total shareholders' return as a basic indicator of current quality of corporate governance; Z-score as an indicator of corporate default probability).


Ineos, the European petrochemicals giant, plans to start producing an off-road vehicle to replace the defunct Land Rover Defender. After a six-month feasibility study, the firm says it will spend "many hundreds of millions" of dollars to introduce the vehicle, which it hopes to build in the U.K. "We want to build the world's purest 4 x 4 and are aiming it at explorers, farmers, and off-road enthusiasts across the globe," says Jim Ratcliffe, Ineos's chair and a 4 x 4 enthusiast.


INTRODUCTION: Responsive neurostimulation (RNS) is efficacious in treating medically refractory epilepsy arising from neocortical foci. During clinical trials, most patients with neocortical seizure foci received cortical strip leads, perhaps due to intracranial monitoring with subdural grids/strips. Stereo-electroencephalography (sEEG) has become more widely utilized since the trials, resulting in increased placement of neocortical RNS depth leads. This is also an appealing approach when dural adhesions make strip lead implantation difficult. METHODS: We conducted retrospective chart review of adult patients with refractory epilepsy at seven institutions who underwent placement and connection of at least one RNS depth lead in the neocortex. RESULTS: 61 neocortical depth leads were connected to the RNS neurostimulator in 53 patients. 33 patients had additional depth leads in a non-neocortical focus, and 12 had an additional neocortical strip lead. Median follow-up was 2.2 years (range: 0.4 – 5.2 years). Median clinical seizure reduction in seizures was 63% at 1 y and 75% at last follow-up. 12 patients (23%) were seizure-free at last follow-up; a majority of these (83%) were seizure-free for >6 mo, with five patients seizure-free for >1 y. There were two (3.8%) scalp infections. One patient (1.9%) had each of the following: chemical meningitis, epidural hematoma, post-surgical status epilepticus (resolved with stimulation), new-onset non-epileptic seizures, and stimulation-related nausea (resolved with programming). CONCLUSIONS: Our multicenter series of 53 patients with neocortical-onset epilepsy treated with neocortical RNS depth leads demonstrated 75% median seizure reduction at 2 y of follow-up with a similar safety profile to placement of deep brain electrodes for movement disorders. Neocortical depth leads may be preferred with the RNS system following sEEG evaluation and/or if strip placement poses increased surgical risk.


Cooling for a gas turbine system includes a fuel oxygen eliminator for increasing the cooling performance of the fuel. Fuel oxygen remover to remove the dissolved gas from the fuel prevents the formation of insoluble precipitates. Prevention of an insoluble precipitate increases the usable cooling capacity of the fuel. The increased cooling capacity of the oxygen is removed, the fuel provides a larger heat sink than for cooling the air used to protect the engine components. The improved cooling performance of the cooling air provides increased engine operating temperatures to improve the efficiency of the entire engine.


A survey was made on detection limit, reproducibility, matrix effect, linear dynamic range and the memory effect of yttrium and europium in order to analyze rare earth elements which exist as impurities in the rare earth oxide which is raw materials of fluorescent substance. When analysing a certain amount of thulium quantitatively using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, it was found that the analysis was interfered with which is one of polyatomic ions caused by plasma. As the intensity of thulium linearly proportional to the europium concentration, it was possible to the determine the actual concentration of thulium.


Abstract Gait of post-stroke patients have been analyzed and classified in this paper. Data pertaining to gait of both post-stroke patients and healthy people of the same age group were obtained and analyzed. Xsens motion capture system was used for obtaining this data from 40 people belonging to both categories. Advanced modern machine learning techniques such as Logistic Regression, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) were employed for classifying the data obtained. Accurate spatiotemporal parameters values for gait were obtained. Amongst the different machine learning techniques, XGBoost gave the most accurate classification result of about 96%. The walking patterns of the patients who had undergone a stroke attack were analyzed. severity of abnormal gait patterns was a key factor that was taken into consideration and points were given accordingly. The data presented in this paper can be used to develop diagnostic tools for gait rehabilitation of stroke survivors, to evaluate and estimate their way of walking in order to understand their progress. It can be used to understand the different types of walking disorders post-stroke and thereafter select the right kind of treatment that needs to be implemented for proper recovery.


The onset of a noise (0.9‐2.1 kHz, 55 dB SPL) preceded that of a buzz (100 Hz, 0.5‐3.0 kHz, 70 dB SPL, 500 msec) by —10 to 80 msec and both terminated simultaneously. Eight adults discriminated among noise‐lead times in an oddity task. In separate sessions, they labeled singly presented stimuli with two responses of their choice such as "short noise" and "long noise" or "no noise" and "noise." The results are highly similar to those reported for the phoneme boundary between voiced and voiceless synthetic plosive consonants. Discrimination was optimal across a 16‐msec noise‐lead time boundary and labeling shifted abruptly at the same noise‐lead time. The results can probably be accounted for in terms of judgment of temporal order or the difference limen for duration of the leading part (noise‐alone) of the stimulus.


The simulation of Cherenkov photon's lateral density and arrival time distributions in Extensive Air Showers (EASs) was performed with the CORSIKA code in the energy range: 100 GeV to 100 TeV. On the basis of this simulation we obtained a set of approximating functions for the primary $\gamma$-ray photons, protons and iron nuclei incident at zenith angles from 0$^\circ$ to 40$^\circ$ over different altitudes of observation. Such a parameterisation is important for the primary particle identification, for the reconstruction of the shower observables and hence for a more efficient disentanglement of the $\gamma$-ray showers from the hadronic showers. From our parameterisation analysis, we have found that even though the geometry of the lateral density ($\rho_{ch}$) and the arrival time ($t_{ch}$) distributions is different for different primaries at a particular energy ($E$), at a particular incident angle ($\theta$) and at a particular altitude of observation ($H$) up to a given distance from the showe core ($R$), the distributions follow the same mathematical functions $\rho(E,R,\theta,H) = a E^{b}\exp[-\{c R + (\theta /d)^{2}-f H\}]$ and $t(E,R,\theta,H) = l E^{-m}\exp(n/R^{p})({\theta}^q+s)(u {H}^2+v)$ respectively but with different values of function parameters.


The bearing capacity of a road decreases greatly during spring
thaw, when the previously frozen road begins to thaw. The extent of this
decrease can be evaluated by making Falling Weight Deflectomt ...


therefore made to sustain the peripheral circulation. In two rabbits "Dextran" was infused intravenously, in a dose of four to five millilitres, wheneverthe systolic blood pressurefell below 40 millimetres of mercury. In neither case was the heart rate increasedor the blood pressure permanentlyraised. Mere maintenanceof the circulating blood volume is not, therefore, remedial. One of these animalsreceivedin addition "Antistine", an anti-histaminic drug, in a doseof 10 milligrammes. .This was given intramuscularlynaif an hour after the injection of the venom, again after tracheotomy,and twice intravenouslyover the next six hours. It did not counteractthe bradycardia,or materially raise the falling blood pressure.


The present research work has the purpose of determining the level of quality of the nursing records recorded in the medical records of the patients of the Surgical Center service of the Regional Teaching Hospital of Cajamarca, during the months of October to December 2017. The The population is made up of 1557 medical records, being the sample of 97 medical records and the measuring instrument was applied to them. The procedures used were those provided by statistics, starting with the construction of tables, construction of graphs and the application of the statistical test of hypothesis testing to test the research hypothesis. The conclusion was that the quality level is good for nursing records at 83.5%, with 87.6% in the structure dimension and 79.4% in content dimension. It was concluded that the quality level of the nursing records is good and they are recorded in the medical records of the patients of the Surgical Center of the Regional Teaching Hospital of Cajamarca, during the months of October to December 2017.


Chrysanthemum is one of the most popular flowers worldwide and has high aesthetic and commercial value. However, the cultivated varieties of chrysanthemum are hexaploid and highly heterozygous, which makes gene editing and gene function research difficult. Gojo-0 is a diploid homozygous line bred from a self-compatible mutant of Chrysanthemum seticuspe and is expected to become a model plant of the genus Chrysanthemum. After assessment of different growth regulator combinations, the optimal concentrations of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) in the regeneration system were 1.0 mg·L−1 and 0.2 mg·L−1, respectively. In the genetic transformation system, the selected concentrations of kanamycin, hygromycin and glufosinate-ammonium were 10 mg·L−1, 2.5 mg·L−1 and 0.6 mg·L−1 for bud generation and 12 mg L−1, 1.5 mg·L−1 and 0.5 mg·L−1 for rooting. The transgenic plants were verified by not only PCR detection and GUS staining, but also identification of the T-DNA insertion locus using high-throughput sequencing. Our results lay the foundation for gene functional research on chrysanthemum and will help with the identification of transgenic plants.


To study the stability of vitamin C in aqueous solution with HPLC(high performance liquid chromatography)Method.Chromatographycondition:C18 column;using methanol ∶ distilled water(3 ∶ 7,volume ratio) as mobile phase; flow rate: 1.0 mL/min; sample size: 10 μL; and the wavelength of detection was 260 nm. The linear relationship of VC displays good at 20 μg/mL-320 μg/mL; the regression curve: y = 2008.3x- 5303.7; the correlation coefficient is as R2= 0.999 4. Results showed the attenuation of VC in aqueous solution was the property of first order reacting, and the half-life being 75 min. HPLC method was suitable to study the stability of VC in aqueous solution.


Bufo olivaceus collected from Sheikhan Parak, Karuti in Sistan and Baluchistan Province, southeastern Iran, examined in terms of morphological characters, sexual dimorphism, environmental and distributional peculiarities.


In order to further elucidate the role of mesolimbic peptides in the
expression of alcohol reward, the present study investigated the effects
of ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on alcohol intake, in
addition to alcohol intake stimulated by systemic d-amphetamine or
cocaine treatment. All rats were initially habituated to a 6% alcohol
solution. We then demonstrated that intraperitoneal injections of
d-amphetamine and cocaine increased alcohol compared to the vehicle
condition. In subsequent testing we examined the effects of ventral
tegmental area (VTA) ghrelin or vehicle paired with a fixed dose of
d-amphetamine or vehicle. In separate rats we then investigated the
impact of the GLP-1 agonist exendin-4 (Ex-4), injected into the VTA, on
alcohol intake alone, or when Ex-4 was co-administered with
d-amphetamine or cocaine. Our results indicated that VTA ghrelin
significantly increased alcohol intake, and most importantly,
potentiated the effect of d-amphetamine and cocaine on alcohol
consumption. Conversely, VTA Ex-4 inhibited alcohol intake and
antagonized the stimulatory effect of d-amphetamine and cocaine on
alcohol consumption. In a final study we further demonstrated that VTA
Ex-4 treatment significantly inhibited the combined stimulatory effects
of ghrelin paired with d-amphetamine or ghrelin paired with cocaine.
Overall our findings are consistent with a critical role for both
ghrelin and GLP-1 receptor mechanisms in mesolimbic alcohol reward
circuitry. Moreover, our results further suggest that ghrelin and GLP-1
modulate the stimulatory effect of psychostimulants on alcohol intake.


Library user analysis has great reference values on the construction of library collection. Based on library's agricultural books collection data and readers'borrowing and reading data,this paper probes into how to make use of readers'borrowing and reading data to adjust library's collection construction policies and rural service contents purposefully.


This paper is to evaluate the feasibility of using warm mix asphalt (WMA) technology to produce quality open graded friction course (OGFC) mixtures. In the summer of 2012, a field trial project using Sasobit-OGFC was established in the Huanhu East Road project, Changzhou city. In line with the trail field project, the performances of raveling, draindown, rutting resistance and moisture susceptibility are conducted between Sasobit-OGFC mixtures and traditional HMA-OGFC mixtures. The results indicate that the mixing temperature of Sasobit-OGFC mixtures can be reduced by 20°Cwhen compared with that of HMA-OGFC mixtures. The performances of Sasobit-WMA mixtures are no worse than these of HMA-OGFC mixtures. A wider range of paving temperature is found when adding Sasobit into OGFC mixtures, which effectively enhances the quality of pavement construction.


Working capital is an important element for the company because without sufficient working capital, the operational activities of a company can not be carried out. The amount of working capital required by the company, is strongly influenced by the business activities of the company. Liquidity and profitability are very important for a company, because it is used as a reference. The type of research used is descriptive research. The data used is the financial statements of PT. Gudang Garam Tbk year 2014 - 2016 covering balance sheet and income statement. The data are each obtained from Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and www.gudanggaramtbk.com. After the data processing, the results showed that if a company improve its working capital then the company can improve liquidity and profitability in the company. PT. Gudang Garam Tbk every year is trying to improve its working capital even though its liquidity and profitability are still not stable. However in each year PT. Gudang Garam Tbk has shown improved working capital seen from the current ratio which increases in each year. Kata Kunci : Working capital, Liquidity , Profitability ABSTRAK Modal kerja merupakan unsur yang penting bagi perusahaan karena tanpa modal kerja yang cukup, aktivitas operasional suatu perusahaan tidak dapat dilangsungkan. Besar kecilnya modal kerja yang dibutuhkan oleh perusahaan, sangat dipengaruhi oleh kegiatan usaha perusahaan. Likuiditas dan profitabilitas sangatlah penting bagi suatu perusahaan, karena digunakan sebagai acuan.   Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif. Data yang digunakan adalah laporan keuangan PT. Gudang Garam Tbk tahun 2014 – 2016 yang meliputi neraca dan laporan laba rugi. Data tersebut masing - masing diperoleh dari Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dan www.gudanggaramtbk.com. Setelah dilakukan pengolahan data, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jika suatu perusahaan memperbaiki modal kerjanya maka perusahaan dapat meningkatkan likuiditas dan profitabilitas di perusahaan tersebut. PT. Gudang Garam Tbk setiap tahun berusaha memperbaiki modal kerjanya walaupun tingkat likuiditas dan profitabilitasnya masih belum stabil. Tetapi di setiap tahunnya PT. Gudang Garam Tbk sudah menunjukkan perbaikan modal kerjanya terlihat dari current ratio yang meningkat di tiap tahunnya. Kata Kunci : Modal Kerja, Likuiditas , Profitabilitas


In order to understand dynamic nature of our world and ourselves, we propose three models of individuals that can be used in multi-agent systems for dynamic linguistic or social simulations. They are developing word-web, simple recurrent network with selfinfluential connection (SRN-SIC), and coupled NZ maps. We briefly summarize the architecture of these models and show some dynamic behavior in multiagent simulations composed by these models.