In this study the relationship of expressed occupational daydreams and scores on the Self-Directed Search (SDS) were examined. Results were consistent with Holland's theory of careers. Implications for career counselors are discussed. ********** It has long been recognized that personal daydreams about ourselves have relevance for career planning and are a relatively good predictor of vocational choice (Brown & Brooks, 1991; Touchton & Magoon, 1977; Yanico, 1981). Literature supports the facilitative role of the use of occupational daydreams within the context of career counseling (Crabbs, 1979; Sarnoff & Remer, 1982). Holland, Powell, and Fritzsche (1994) indicate that current vocational daydreams are a moderate to good predictor of later career behaviors. Of particular interest to this study is the association of occupational daydreams and results from an interest inventory. Present results may be of value to those career counselors who assist others in the process of making career choices. Method Participants The sample consisted of 61 students (23 women, 38 men). Students volunteered from an afternoon section of an under-graduate psychology course taught at a medium-sized southern university as one of a number of ways to earn additional points. The students were mostly Caucasian (74%), followed by African-American (21%); they ranged in age from 18 to 52, having a mean of 21.76 and a standard deviation of 6.04. Measures Occupational fantasy.--Students were asked to respond to the following statement: "If you could obtain any job you wanted regardless of ability or years of training which job would you choose?" The title for each occupational daydream was located in the Dictionary of Holland Occupational Codes (Gottfredson & Holland, 1996) and assigned its corresponding three-letter code. If an exact occupational fantasy job title could not be located, efforts were made to identify a similar title. Interest measure.--The Self-Directed Search (SDS; Holland, 1994) was used in this study to measure vocational interests. The SDS is a self-administered, self-interpreted instrument designed to provide career guidance for students and adults. After completing the SDS, the individual sums all positive responses and arrives at a three-letter code on the summary page. An individual's personality (i. e., interests, values, abilities, fantasies) can be classified by means of a three-letter code, with each letter representing one of the six personality types (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Conventional) (see Holland, 1997). For example, a three-letter code of SAE would describe someone who is primarily Social (i. e., wishes to help others), followed by Artistic (i. e., enjoys self-expression), and Enterprising (i. e., uses social interaction to sell ideas or products). A thorough description of each type is provided by Holland (1997). Holland (1985) reported reliability estimates ranging from .70 to .89 as well as evidence of concurrent validity. Several hundred studies have been conducted on the SDS, with generally favorable results (Osipow, 1993). If, indeed, occupational daydreams are importantly related to interests as Holland (1994) theorizes, then one might expect a relatively high congruence between the two. Holland's (1985) congruence hypothesis (i. e., that worker satisfaction, performance, and well-being is positively related to the fit between the high point codes of his/her personality and environment) is the cornerstone of his theory. Scoring of Congruence The difficulty of quantifying the similarity between two Holland codes is at the heart of the issue of measuring congruence. Much of the research in vocational psychology concentrates on attempts to clarify this difficulty (Osipow, 1987). In his review, Spokane (1985) listed 8 indices of congruence. Later, Camp and Chartrand (1992) compared 13 different measures that had been developed to operationalize Holland's congruence construct and found meaningful variability in their intercorrelations. …


Introduction: Cancer clusters always get a lot of attention in the media. It is an aggregation of relatively unexpected high number of cancer cases. People become concerned that a cancer cluster exists in a certain community and that it is caused by some type of carcinogen that is being released into the environment. We investigated a similar concern regarding suspected clustering of cancer cases in an industrial area of a district in North India. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out from March 1, 2016, to May 31, 2016 taking the whole study area population as exposed. House-to-house search of cancer cases was undertaken retrospectively from the year 2011 onward. The total population of the cohort (denominator) was taken from the census of India 2011 data. Age-adjusted standardized rates were calculated. Results: A total of 53 cancer patients were identified. A maximum number of cases were of the lip and oropharynx (15.1%), followed by the lung (13.2%) and esophagus. The yearly incidence of cancer for both sexes ranged from 87.2 to 90.9/lakh population. The 5-year period prevalence for both sexes was 207.4/lakh population. Conclusion: This panic occurred due to a list of cancer cases given to the health department by the residents and public representatives of the area. As these were just figures without a denominator, it gave a false impression of a high number of cancer cases. However, on conducting this study, we found the age-adjusted cancer incidence to be similar or even lower than the Global Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence, and Indian Council for Medical Research figures for India. Hence, we ruled out a true cancer cluster.


In view of the two current tendencies of denying labor value theory in the economic theory circles,this paper, from the angle of the socialist economy's being the unification of commodity economy with coordinated labor and of the double property right of profit share and"seeing both things and people",not only expounds that labor value theory is the theoretical foundation of adhering to and consummating the socialist system,but also stresses that only by taking into account the features of Chinese socialism and the national conditions in the preliminary stage can one deepen knowledge of and bring into full play the guiding role of the labor value theory in our economic reforms.


Maximum_likelihood (ML) and its relaxation algorithm are discussed which are used to identify the mathematics model of an Underwater Vehicle (UV), the hydrodynamic derivatives of the UV were estimated from the trial data obtained through zigzag tests, and the better astringency of relaxation algorithm can be acquired from the contrast between the two methods.Then a simulation environment based on these parameters is established to verify the validity and effect of these methods.The result shows the model in credible and the methods are very useful for the research of maneuverability and adaptive control of underwater vehicles.


Building on our commitment to ensure safe, secure and properly maintained homes for tenants, the Royal Borough wants to hear your views on its licensing proposals for HMOs.


Universal serial bus power delivery (USB-PD) chargers are more attractive to consumers with multiple output ports where more devices can be charged simultaneously. Existing multiple-port charger designs take multi-stage approaches, which increases power loss, charger size, and cost. This paper addresses this issue by presenting a time-division multiplexing (TDM) quasi-resonant (QR) flyback converter that eliminates the buck converter stages with simple and commercial analog implementations without the need of microprocessors. The circuit operation and practical design considerations are discussed in detail. An universal AC input, dual-USB-C GaN prototype validates the concept, while demonstrating USB-PD compliant operation, passed conducted EMI, and superior efficiency which passes the most stringent efficiency standards with margin where the benchmark GaN charger fails. Thanks to the elimination of buck stages, the proposed dual-USB-C charger achieves 1.9 W/cm$^{3}$ uncased power density, close to that of single-USB-C charger.


This comment clarifies Tony Cox's theorem that "mean-variance decision making violates the principle that a rational decision maker should prefer higher to lower probabilities of receiving a fixed gain, all else being equal." The theorem follows from the observation that for any given positive expectation, there exist distributions of positive support having that expectation and arbitrarily large variances, as can be shown by direct construction. Tony Cox's main result(1) (Theorem 1) helps us to think better about fundamental ideas of risk and variance. The theorem is correct: a mean-variance decisionmaker must in general prefer "doing nothing" (accepting zero return with certainty) to receiving at least some random gains—those with sufficiently high variance—even when there is no possibility of loss. This can be proved under quite general assumptions without requiring the framework of expected utility theory. It indicates a significant limitation of mean-variance preferences as prescriptive models. There is a problem with the published proof, however. It does not apply to indifference curves that have a cusp at the origin or are discontinuous. For example, the (continuous, almost everywhere differentiable) indifference curve


Abstract The project in Cambodia is to confirm the presence of gravity lows, determine depth to basement, locate areas with large-scale structures and identify potential petroleum systems. There have been at least three main phases of uplift and erosion of pre Tertiary age identified in the Kampong Som and Tonle Sap Basins, onshore Cambodia. The basins surrounding the Tonle Sap Lake seem to have at least 5-6 km of Mesozoic and older aged sediments as identified by seismic data and gravity modeling. Potential Triassic and Permian age source rocks are mature for oil and gas over large parts of the basins. Oil could potentially be sources from late Triassic organic rich lacustrine shales while gas is potentially sources from Upper Carboniferous to Lower Permian marine shale. There are numerous potential leads in the area, inverted structures due to the Indonesian uplifts and Himalayan Orogeny with Mesozoic clastic reservoirs and carbonate buildups. The Tonle Sap Basin NE-NE seems to have potential Triassic and older petroleum systems while the Tonle Sap Basin SW has potential Mesozoic-Paleozoic petroleum systems. Keywords: Phu Quoc Basin • Khorat Plateau • Mae Ping Fault Zone • Kuchinarai Group • Si That Formation Presented at: 2009 South East Asia Petroleum Exploration Society (SEAPEX) Conference, Singapore, 2009


Objective To compare the efficacy and side effects between fluoxetine and clomipramine combined with clonazapine respectively in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD). Methods 60 patients with OCD who all were given clonazapine were divided in two groups-the fluoxetine group and the clomipramine group according to the usage of different drugs. Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale(Y-BOCS) and Treatment Emergent Scale(TESS)were used to evaluate the efficacy and the side effects.Results The efficacy of fluoxetine was similar to that of clomipramine. There was no significant difference between effective rates of these two groups (%P%0.05). And the side effects of fluoxetine were fewer and lighter than those of clomipramine (%P%0.05). Conclusion Both fluoxetine and clomipramine combined with clonazapine were effective in the treatment of OCD. Proper combined usage of clonazapine is beneficial to the patients. fluoxetine is better than clomipramine due to its fewer side effects.


This paper aims to investigate the application of firefly algorithm in scheduling optimization of combined cooling, heating and power with multiple objectives. Based on the latest multi-system optimization model of combined cooling, heating and power, a comprehensive analysis of various limiting factors such as cost, energy utilization, and environmental protection was conducted. Firefly algorithm was used to perform singletarget search. The results show that through the firefly algorithm, the speed of search can be improved, and an optimal scheduling scheme of cooling, heating, power system with multiple targets can be found in a very short time. In this system, the application of firefly algorithm is beneficial to solve the system optimization problem. Therefore, it has certain promotion and application value.


Excess lightweight products of slow neutron capture in the photosphere, over the mass range of 25 to 207 amu, confirm the solar mass separation recorded by excess lightweight isotopes in the solar wind, over the mass range of 3 to 136 amu [Solar Abundance of the Elements, Meteoritics, volume 18, 1983, pages 209 to 222]. Both measurements show that major elements inside the Sun are Fe, O, Ni, Si and S, like those in rocky planets.


We report on the Gaussian file search system designed as part of the ChemXSeer digital library. Gaussian files are produced by the Gaussian software [4], a software package used for calculating molecular electronic structure and properties. The output files are semi-structured, allowing relatively easy access to the Gaussian attributes and metadata. Our system is currently capable of searching Gaussian documents using a boolean combination of atoms (chemical elements) and attributes. We have also implemented a faceted browsing feature on three important Gaussian attribute types - Basis Set, Job Type and Method Used. The faceted browsing feature enables a user to view and process a smaller, filtered subset of documents.


The editors, renowned experts in the field of shoulder rehabilitation and surgery, have assembled a wide panel of sports medicine specialists interested in the upper extremity, all of whom, with one exception, are from North American institutions. It is not surprising that much of the expertise


There are 2 problems in this reserach, how is the image and form of a news about violence action againts girl child on a local news in Palembang city. The aim on this research is tovidentify violence ection and also to analyse the news form. This research use content analysis. All data on the news were clarified and observed on news form that displayed. The image about violence action against child on local newspaper in Palembang that mostly come up is violence form, raping action. Victim as a child that physically weak and in a moral way was in a fear condition were very risky as a violence victim. If we look on news form were mostly used a simple and past patterns were suitable for a daily news that printed everyday. But this form were not suitable for a violence againts child case because it only see the problem on the surface, there is no study on the problem. News is a report journal that have a big influence to the reader. It was hope that information about violence againts girl child were done with a gender perspective, it means there are support o the victim on her side. Investigation report is a right option for this problem because we will have the root of problem and it solution.

Key Word : tindakan kekerasan anak perempuan


Kemuning sub village district is located in Bunder village, Patuk, Gunung Kidul. This area is near by the Bunder forest park and Wanagama Educational Forest. Most of the people live there are farmers. As the soil is relatively unfertile, they prefer to plant trees, so they called as forest community farmers. Among the trees, they plant cassava, peanut, and corn, so it called as agroforestry. In the field, the area seems still has the opportunity that can be added to be planted. Based on this situation, in this project, the optimalization of land use was introduced to ask the farmers to plant the undergrowth species includes: zingiber, kunyit and kencur. This project was started by introducing the agroforestry system, where they can plant together both trees and non trees at the same land. The socialization was done by inviting the farmers to come to the meeting. The advantages of agroforestry was explained to them, and also the post harvesting management to produce the instant zingiber was also trained and demonstrated to the female farmers. This product is also useful for attracting the local tourist who usually come at the week end. The output of this project was the agroforestry demplot can be built in the field, so the farmers can learn and study to develope at their own land. The female farmer can also make the instant zingiber as the healthy drink.


Currently, membrane separation processes play a very significant role in the separation industry. Widely used membrane processes include microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, electrolysis, dialysis and gas separation. In particular, membrane-based gas separation is commonly used for O2/N2, H2/N2, H2/CH4, H2 recovery from ammonia plants or in oil refinery processes, CH4 separation from biogas, CO2/ CH4, and volatile organic compound (VOC) removal. Among these, CO2/N2 separation has been a hot issue in membrane fields because of an urgent need for CO2 capture from fossil-fuelled power plants, in industrial processes and in the fuel production and transformation sectors, to prevent global warming and climate change. But what are challenges for CO2 capture? CO2 capture can be done with technologies presently available, but this will increase power generation costs, will require more fossil fuel for the same power generation capacity and will increase our reliance on fossil fuels, increasing the supply security concerns. On top of this, there is no experience with CO2 capture at the power plant scale. CO2 capture technologies can be classified into either process or technology platform/components. The process component includes post-combustion decarbonization (conventional power plants), precombustion decarbonization (new power plants) and denitrogenation (new power plants). The technology component includes membranes, absorption, adsorption, cryogenics, carbon extraction, biotechnology and energy conversion. Undoubtedly, the best technology for individual CCS applications depends on the power plant and its fuel characteristics. A current leading technology for post-combustion CO2 capture is amine absorption. Indeed, amine absorption is a proven, mature technology for separating CO2. However, the cost of CO2 capture from flue gas with amines is still high (US$40–80/t CO2), while the US Department of Energy target requires below $30/t CO2 [1]. In addition, amine energy requirements are also high (>30% of the power plant production), while the US Department of Energy target is <20% parasitic energy loss. Amines are adversely affected by oxygen and SO2, and amine adds 3 m/h/MW in water usage [2]. Amine plants cover ~5 acres; therefore, large numbers of towers are needed so that the scaling advantage of absorption processes disappears. In this regard, membrane-based gas separations offer great potential as an energy-efficient, low-cost CO2 Carbon Management (2014) 5(3), 251–253


Feasibility of cloud seeding experiments in the Korean Peninsula was examined in a comprehensive manner. Long term (1971-2000) precipitation records from 68 weather stations, the Korean topography, and the unavailability of a seeding aircraft suggested that winter orographic cloud seeding experiments with glaciogenic particles at some high peaks of Taebaek Mountain Ranges with target areas to the west of the mountain peaks might be a reasonable option to choose for precipitation enhancement if conditions are met. Wintertime (November-March) precipitation distribution patterns in Gangwon Province and related meteorological data at Daegwallyeong and Sokcho weather stations showed that strong easterly winds at 850 mb was a key to extend orographically generated precipitations to the west of the Taebaek Mountain peaks. The most prevalent synoptic patterns that were relevant to these precipitation distribution patterns were a low pressure system passing over south of the Korean Peninsula, invoking counter-clockwise circulation to bring prevailing easterly winds to Gangwon Province. Furthermore recent two year records of liquid water depths measured by a microwave radiometer at Daegwallyeong weather station showed the largest values during these events. Therefore it was suggested that these types of synoptic patterns with below freezing temperatures at seeding sites (mountain peaks near Daegwallyeong) might pose a good seeding potential. The Clark-Hall mesoscale model was employed to predict dispersion of glaciogenic seeding material (silver iodide) and the effect of seeding on precipitation. For the case chosen for seeding simulation, seeding start time was critical in precipitation enhancement, earlier start time producing more precipitation increase. Moreover, precipitation increase did not occur at the target area, the western slopes of the seeding site, but was limited only to the eastern side of the seeding site. These simulation results illustrate the difficulty of finding the right weather conditions and the seeding time for a successful precipitation enhancement at the target area. Nevertheless, it seems to be demonstrated that a numerical model is an economic and reliable tool to aid in establishing a good seeding strategy.


New product development teams face important challenges to their performance due to the novelty of the work and the need to rapidly develop shared knowledge and goals. However, little is known about the relationship between the structural properties of communication and performance in these teams. This study examined the effect of communication structure, specifically hierarchical and small-world structures on the delivery performance and quality outcomes of a large-scale new product development project. Our longitudinal analyses revealed that structuring communication patterns in a hierarchical manner significantly improves delivery performance. However, hierarchical communication has a detrimental effect on quality while small-world communication structures improved the quality outcomes of development teams. We discuss the implications of these results for collaborative tools that support communication tradeoffs


Against the background of ever greater levels of ethnic polarization between all three of Punjab's major religious traditions, and a resulting tendency for each tradition to be represented in essentialistic terms, this paper sets out to show that the historical roots of these tendencies are extremely shallow. Developing a counter-view, the paper suggests that such politically-driven understandings of the religious scene in Punjab are strongly Euro-centric in character, and argues that a greater sensitivity to the logic of popular ideas and practices, together with an awareness of the different levels at which Punjabi religion operates reveals a much higher level of overlap between the three traditions than current discourse normally allows for.


It is interesting to look at the Head of Criminal Investigation statement of the Indonesian National Police Commissioner General Ito Sumardi (Kompas, 22 / 9/2010), which warns that the crime of terrorism is closely related to ideology. Sociologist Van Dijk (1993) states that ideology is basically a mental system that is exchanged, represented both in the level of discourse and action to achieve certain goals or desires in a groups (defined as the system of mental representations and processes of group members). Why (technology) Internet so powerful in spreading the message of terrorism? First, the interaction happens on internet can be done anywhere and anytime. Second, Internet users in Indonesia, which are increasingly growing in number, allow access to the site or content to be easily obtained terrorism. Third, Internet medium provides not only cheap but free access. Fourth, the Internet allows anyone to construct new identity. In fact it proves that the identities of individuals in cyber world are individuals who have two possibilities. It could be the same or different identities as in the real world. Furthermore, the individual does not only have one identity per se on the internet, they could have multiple identities as well as different  characteristics from each other. In addition, according to Gilmore (1996), those on the Internet nobody knows you at all, neither knows your race nor your sex. This is the opportunities that could be used by the perpetrators of terrorism to spread the ideology of terrorism and violence in the name of religion without having to worried their identity will be revealed.


Rural – Urban migration has been on the increase in Nigeria due to lack of social amenities in the rural areas and the quest for white collar jobs by the teeming youths of employment age. This situation led to the increase in population in the urban and semi – urban areas, consequently these areas are being over populated and the attendant's effect of insufficient social amenities resulted in poor sanitary condition of the area. The poor sanitary condition of urban areas in Nigeria pose a lot of set back to the control of tropical disease such as malaria, diarrhea, cholera and Ascaris infections. This write up x-ray the sanitary status of Nigeria and its implication on tropical disease control in the present age. The article will sensitize individuals, urban dwellers, landlord, voluntary organizations and the various tiers of government to intensify efforts towards improving the sanitary status of our environment. [Iwu, R. U, Onoja A. I, Oguwuike, T. U, Ogwo, V. O & Egerouh A.I. Sanitary Status of Urban Settlement: Implication for Tropical Diseases Control in Nigeria. World Rural Observations 2010;2(4):9-12]; ISSN: 19446543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural.


The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the potentials of Ge-Ga-S glass system as a host material for some important technological applications after, of course, doping with different active ions. In this thesis, we present our research on the photo-(or laser) induced optical properties changes in Ge-Ga-S based chalcogenide glass system. Here by "the optical properties changes", we mean 1) photoinduced change of refractive index, 2) photodarkening, 3) photoluminescence, 4) second harmonic generation and 5) third-order nonlinearity. And finally, part of the work has been devoting to the studying of a.c. ionic conductivity. When AgI was introduced into Ge-Ga-S matrix, we observed enhanced photosensitivities in terms of larger increase in the refractive index and absorption coefficient after exposure as compared with samples without AgI. These phenomena were characterized by means of ellipsometry spectroscopy and the time evolution of transmission spectra at every 10 milliseconds. Meanwhile, we also found that AgI-doped glass samples showed high ionic conductivities which were demonstrated by impedance spectroscopy. AgI-doped glasses are expected to find applications in photolithography, optical storage and solid state electrolyte. AgI doped glasses showed larger value of third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities χ as compared with glasses without AgI. This was confirmed by means of Z-scan measurement. Larger values of second-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities χ were obtained in AgI-doped glasses as well after simultaneous polarized optical treatment together with an electrostatic dc-electric field. The values of χ were calculated by Maker fringe method. Glasses exhibiting high nonlinear optical response are promising candidates for photonic applications like optical limiting devices, optical computing etc.


Objective:To discuss the clinical efficacy of vacuum sealing drainage(VSD) with continuous negative pressure lavaging and drainage combined with disinfectant in the treatment of operation area with fat liquefaction.Method:Select 36 patients with fat liquefaction in author's department from December 2010 to January 2013,which all were treated through surgical debridement,and given VSD with continuous negative pressure lavaging and drainage for 1-2 weeks,VSD dressing was replaced every 5-7 days.The growth of granulation tissue was observed,and then skin was sutured.Result:The 34 patients, granulation tissue in wound grew well which were given VSD closed drainage after 5-7 days;2 patients were debrided once again because of plugging in VSD and continued to use VSD drainage for 7 days,fresh granulation tissue grown,wounds were healed after sutured.Conclusion:The application of VSD with continuous negative pressure lavaging and drainage combined with disinfectant can clear away seepage of fat liquefaction,promote the growth of granulation tissue,enhance the rate of healing,and which can be considered one of the effective methods for the treatment of operation area with fat liquefaction and is worthy to be carry out.


WIEDERSHEIM1) says that the presence of finger-claw in the existing birds are found only exceptionally, and when they are found, itoccurs mostly on thumb. A similar statement is also seen in CARL R. HENNICKE's Essay' on birds in the Handworterbuch der Naturwissenschaften, 1915. Owing to studies onthe bastard-formation among domestic fowls which was carried out under the direction of Professor Chiyomatsu ISHIKAWA while I was in the College of Agriculture, Tokyo Imperial University, I had an occasion to observe a clawlike body on the tip of the thumb in one ofthe bastard between a leghorn and a Japanesevariety with a prolonged scream (Naganaki-dori=long-cry-fowl). The object in question was immediately shown toProfessor ISHIKAWA who at once recognized it to be distinctly a claw, and has suggested me to work it out thoroughly. The chicken was about six monthsold, and the claw appears as ayellowish body placed at the end of the thumb,and is slightly curved ventrally. In order to verify it, however, histologically, Prof. ISHIKAWA has adviced me to make a series of sections of the same. And to my great pleasure the structure of it shows that the body is beyond any doubt a claw. One.of these sections is shown in Fig. 1. whichdid not pass exactly through the median line of the finger, but slightly oblique to it.A


Abstract : Electrophysical and psychophysical evidence indicates that there channels in the visual system that are more sensitive to either spatially- structured stimuli or luminance-modulated stimuli. This sensitivity or tuning was demonstrated by having the largest or optimum response produced by either spatially-structured or luminance-modulated stimuli. The purpose of this study is to determine if the steady-state visually evoked response to three stimuli is significantly and predictably altered by the choice of temporal frequency. It is expected that, for each observer, there will be an optimal temporal frequency or frequencies corresponding to a given pattern size, contrast and intensity. Also, this relationship will likely vary between individuals, but will remain relatively constant for a given observer over time. Three subjects were each presented with three stimuli. These stimuli were: (1) a square pattern of small checks where each check subtended 15 minutes of arc; (2) a square pattern of large checks where each check subtended 57 minutes of arc; and, (3) an unpatterned square stimulus. The check stimuli were presented in such a manner that alternate checks were 180 deg out of phase with each other and the unpatterned stimulus was presented as a luminance charge.


The biodegradation of synthetic dyes was discussed comprehensively.Among the current pollution control technologies,biodegradation of synthetic dyes is emerging as the most useful approach.The biodegradation of synthetic dyes is an economic,effective,and environmentally benign process.The bioremediation potentials of many microbes for synthetic dyes have been demonstrated.Bioremediation of xenobiotics including synthetic dyes by different microbes will hopefully prove a green solution to the problem of environmental soil and water pollution in future.


The category of mixed waste is an ambiguous one that is not clearly defined nor assigned to any one federal agency. These wastes, according to definitions in several government documents, are combinations of low-level radioactive wastes and hazardous wastes regulated under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act–materials that have the characteristics of ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity or extraction procedure toxicity. Several agencies have jurisdiction over such wastes, and state agencies may also have oversight responsibility. States and waste generators have problems balancing the requirements of these several agencies. At present, commercial low-level waste disposal sites will not knowingly accept mixed waste for disposal. Elimination or minimization seems to be the only alternative for the short term and the long-term. Source control, product substitution, in-process treatment and process modification are among the possibilities. The U.S. needs a streamlined and coordinated regulatory system to deal with these wastes.


Although economic theory suggests that inflation should not have any significant influence on real housing prices and activity, inflation variations are the main drivers of housing price variability (Tsataronis and Zhu, 2004) and increases in inflation have preceded housing and economic recessions. The combination of the tilt effect (Lessard and Modigliani, 1975) and rigid lending constraints can help us understand these relationships, as well as explaining the failure of the Phillips curve in the USA from the late 1960s onwards. Inflation-indexed mortgages can avoid the tilt effect and help mitigate this type of economic recession. The inflation indexing of the main economic contracts would help to implement measures of demand stimulus.


11 Non timber forest products – the fruits, roots, bark, flowers, resins, and fibres that people collect from forests – make an important contribution to both subsistence and market economies, worldwide. In India alone, more that 50 million people are estimated to depend on forests for non-timber products (hereafter, NTFP). Locally, NTFP can account for 30-40 % of cash incomes for forest-dependent communities, and at a global scale the value of trade in NTFP runs into billions of dollars.


This paper presents a Meta-goal programming (MGP) approach for optimal allocation of land under cultivation and proposes a seasonal agricultural plan for different crops. In order to formulate a model for problem, net profit, cash expenditure, labor requirement, fertilizer requirement, water requirement, land utilization as well as machine utilization are goal described. Minimization of unwanted goal deviation variables in the goal programming model is obtained by implementation of an achievement function. In the decision-making situation, the choices of the achievement functions related to decisionmaker's personal preferences have a critical impact on the final solution of real world applications of goal programming. Therefore this paper focuses on the selection of achievement function which was made by introducing the concept of meta-goal and is also based upon a mix of achievement function not a single one. Three types of Metagoals are used which allow the decision maker to be (or remain) more flexible in expressing their preferences by means of setting Meta-goals. Application of the model to the case study of the Yazd district, Iran, demonstrated the reliability and flexibility of the model. As a measure of sensitivity, the problem is solved using different priority level specified by the decision maker. Results indicated that the cropping pattern of MGP model with the maximum percentage deviation equal zero had the best net return.


The objective of the study was to present a rare case of a double pyelo-calyceal system and duplicated ureter leaving the left kidney diagnosed in a female patient. The ureter was descending from the upper segment of the left kidney with an ectopic orifice into the vagina. The condition resulted in enuresis ureterica. We present diagnostic and therapeutic processes that often pose difficulties for many specialists, including urologists, gynecologists, surgeons, radiologists and pediatricians. fig. 1. Intravenous pyelography. No leakage of contrasted urine in the upper segment of left kidney.


The focus on place rather than space provides geography with a powerful raison d'être. As in human geography, the functional role of place is integral to the understanding of evolution, persistence and extinction of biotic taxa. This paper re‐examines concepts and biogeographical evidence from a geographical rather than ecological or evolutionary perspective. Functional areography provides convincing arguments for a postmodern deconstruction of major principles of the dynamic Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography (ETIB). Endemic oceanic island taxa are functionally insular as a result of long‐term island stability, confinement, isolation, and protection from continental invasion and disturbance. Most continental taxa persist in different, more complex and open spatial systems; their geographical place is therefore fundamentally distinct from the functional insularity of oceanic island taxa. This creates an insular‐continental polarity in biogeography that is currently not reflected in conservation theory. The focus on the biogeographical place leads to the development of the eigenplace concept defined as the functional spatial complex of existence. The application of still popular ETIB concepts in conservation biology is discouraged. The author calls for the integration of functional areography into modern conservation science.


All Higher Education Institutions play a decisive role in adapting the new courses to the needs of society and the world of work. ICTs widen the possibilities of uses, at a relatively low cost; therefore, additional measures need to be taken in terms of methodologies to implement flexible learning processes, at their own special pace. The possibility of performing real life experiments is essential to consolidate concepts taught in theoretical classes of scientific and technical curricular units. Real labs are seldom available, posing restrictions to learning and experimentation. New internet-based technologies can be used to improve the access to these experiences using laboratories with simulated experiments. This paper aims at presenting the development of a prototype using tools to create virtual learning environments. It uses virtual experimentation to perform laboratory practices and as an alternative tool to meet the needs of access to a Measurement and Instrumentation laboratory. The basis of the project was the creation of a 3D laboratory where all the equipment and its components may be observed and manipulated and virtual experimentation was chosen to facilitate all laboratory practices. A creative tool or authoring tool was used for the development of the program called "VEMA" -Virtual Electric MAnual. The use of WireFusion 5.0 ® authoring tool and an educational license explain the low cost of construction of the virtual reality (VR) program. This project was developed to demonstrate how a VR desktop prototype may be applied to an engineering curricular unit and also to increase safety and resourcefulness in the use of electrical equipment. From the educational point of view, VEMA should not be seen as a substitute of traditional teaching methods, but only as a complementary resource that can meaningfully improve students' understanding and motivation. The main objective of VEMA was to develop a prototype of a VR simulator to demonstrate the potential benefits of combining virtual reality to improve learning and measurement of electrical circuits in a specific controlled environment. No browser plug-in is required to show the presentations.


This workshop brought together, on the one side, mathematicians working in areas of global analysis and index theory, which are related with problems in algebraic topology, and on the other side, specialists in fields like surgery theory, higher homotopy theory or twisted cohomology theories. Its particular aim was to promote the flow of ideas and techniques between these two areas. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 53,55,57,58. Introduction by the Organisers The MFO workshop "Analysis and Topology in Interaction", organised by Ulrich Bunke (Göttingen), Sebastian Goette (Regensburg), Kyoshi Igusa (Brandeis) and Thomas Schick (Göttingen), was held from March 12th through March 18th, 2006. The aim of this meeting was to reflect on the current state of the interaction between mathematical fields of analysis and topology. It brought together representatives of various mathematical communities ranging from homotopy theory, index theory, global analysis up to mathematical physics. The program of the conference has been a mixture of research and overview talks, sometimes with introductory elements. Topics of the latter kind were the connection of Quantum field theory constructions with twisted K-theory, and motivic groups. There were two more informal introductory lectures on stacks in topological and smooth categories, and the insights given by the study of the Brownian motions into Hodge theory. The research talks reflected recent developments in the corresponding fields and covered a broad area between topology, geometry, and analysis. The intention of the program was to communicate these developments across the borders 730 Oberwolfach Report 13/2006 of mathematical communities. They stimulated discussions and hopefully future collaborations. More specifically, the subjects covered by research talks included in particular • twisted K-theory (explicit constructions and applications, and homotopy theoretic approaches to its calculation); • index theory on manifolds with boundary or with singularities, and study of corresponding index theorems and eta-invariants; spectral flow; • algebraic geometry methods in algebraic topology and vice versa (stacks, motivic geometry); • isomorphism conjectures in Kand L-theory; • signatures of singular spaces; • (refined) torsion invariants, in particular for families; signatures for families; • spectral theory and geometric implications; • symplectic geometry via topology of the loop space; • topology of the mapping class group. Altogether, there were 23 "official" talks and a number of informal presentations (partly extended discussions), and ample free interaction between the participants. One of the evenings was devoted to a problem session; the open problems presented are included in this report. The conference was attended by 52 participants coming mainly from all over Europe, Northern America and East Asia. Among them, a couple of very young pre-doctoral mathematicians, supported by the EU, had the unique opportunity to participate in such a stimulating event at a very early stage of their career. It is a pleasure to thank the institute for providing a pleasant and stimulating atmosphere. Analysis and Topology in Interaction 731 Workshop: Analysis and Topology in Interaction


MTV, the rock video station, recently celebrated its tenth birthday, and media pundits debated the impact of musical video. Computer terminals are invading our classrooms and phasing out our typewriters. Our pupils, too, are secondor thirdgeneration "video junkies" weaned on Nintendo games and clever educational software. The video revolution has been used as a scapegoat-and rightly so-for the literacy problem and the paucity of critical-thinking skills of young people ever since the 1960s. For language-arts and English teachers, the video revolution has spawned units about coping with the mass media and is directly responsible for the proliferation of television production courses, broadcasting and dramatic workshops which all harness the power of the written word recorded as visual image. Doubtless, video has application in almost every subject


Proof of Theorem 1.3. Let (M = G/Γ, J) be a nilmanifold with an invariant complex structure and let (g, J) be its Lie algebra. Assume that there exists a Hermitian-symplectic structure Ω on (M,J). Using Lemma 3.2 in [2], we may assume that Ω is left-invariant. Hence, Ω can be regarded as a Hermitian-symplectic structure on (g, J). Using Proposition 2.1 in [2], we have that Ω induces an SKT inner product on (g, J). Since g is nilpotent but non abelian, there exists a non-zero vector in the intersection of the center ξ and the commutator g1 = [g, g]. Since the center ξ is J-invariant, then Jξ ∩ g1 6= {0} and Theorem 1.1 in [2] implies the statement.


The Twelfth Meeting was held at the Medical College on Wednesday, the 8th December; Dk. Cayley presiding. Baboo Lall Madhub Mookerjee read the following notes of a Corneal tuaiouu which had bean removed by Dr. Cayley, and exhibited the globe of the eve which it hud subsequently been found necessary to extirpate. Kodom, a Hindu female, iet 40, admitted into the Eve Hospital on the 22nd October 1880, with a small wartylooking mass protruding from the right eye. States that about 1J years ago she first noticed a fleshy-lilce growth of about the size of a mustard seed growing near the external angle of the right eye, which gradually increased and extended to the outer edge of the cornea, where it attained the thickness of a pea. No history of injury or conjunctivitis. With this she attended the out-door department of the Eye-Infirmary. About 7 months ago she made up her mind to undergo operation, and became an in-door patient and had the growth shaved off. Three or four mouths after her discharge she noticed the recurrence of the same growth


This paper presents an experimental comparison between six sectors direct torque control (6_DTC) and twelve sectors direct torque control (12_DTC).Those different strategies are implemented by using a DSPACE experimental configuration and compared in term of torque dynamic and current distortions.


Thisthesis aimstoapplya standardreacting force toeachother. Itcanprovide tester with CMOS process todevelop aWheatstone-bridge- based reacting force average andoverall co-planarity ofprobe piezoresistive forcesensor. ThisCMOS-compatible cards whenprobe card works. So,wedesign thearray-type piezoresistive force sensor withsmallareaandeasy CMOS force sensor forvertical probe cardapplication. fabrication consists ofa thin-film receiver madeby And,itcanapply tomonitor thestate ofprobe on-line for passivation, silicon oxideanda piezoresistive layerwafer level probe card. made by thepolycrystalline silicon respectively.Itused tofabricate thepressure sensor bytheMEMS Additionally, utilize theRLSetching process offered by process inthepast, andits post process isalways adopted CICtoconduct itspost-process. Combining MEMS backside etching (3-4). However, inrecent years, there are withtheelectroforming process enables ustofabricate moreandmoreresearchers utilizing standard CMOS vertical spring probesfeaturing strength feedbackprocess tocombine MEMS process tomakemicro sensor function, makingitpossible tomonitor wafer-level (5-6). TheCMOS-MEMSprocess canbecombined with probecardeither on-line oroff-line. Intraditional, the integrated circuits. Inaddition, there areadvantages of working probenaturally sustaining repeated bendingreducing noise andnumberofpad. Ourdesign offorce actions andwear,absolutely needsa mechanism to sensor also adopts CMOS-MEMSprocess tofabricate, but prevent itfrombeing damaged, caused bythechangethepitch ofprobe cardgetssmaller andsmaller (7). The oftheprobe's geometry andtheincrease ofthecontactconventional postprocess hasbeenalready unable tobe resistance. Therefore, inthisstudy, we develop a satisfied. Sowedugachamber onthesilicon substrate for CMOS-basedchip in connection with the deformation ofmembrane bythepostprocess (RLSdry electroformed probesto detecteachof theiretching). counterforce, contact resistance toevaluate iftheir contact force andcoplanarity arecontrolled within


Author(s): Hone, James; Pedersen, Henry | Abstract: The changes in a feral pig population associated with 1080 poisoning were examined. There was a 58.1% reduction in population size after poisoning with no age-specific effect. The population size increased over 11.5 months after poisoning at an observed instantaneous rate of increase per year of 0.57. The results are discussed relative to feral pig control.


The properties of a solution of the boundary value problems for delay integro-differential equations are investigated, the conditions for the existence and uniqueness of their solution are found. An iterative scheme of finding an approximate solution using cubic splines with defect two is suggested. The sufficient conditions for the convergence of the iterative scheme are obtained.


This paper presents dynamic inversion control with a region control method. Dynamic inversion control is chosen to deal with the strong coupling effect present in an underactuated aerial vehicle (quadrotor). Dynamic inversion is effective in both linear and nonlinear control whilst the region control method is a method that can reduce the energy consumption of the quadrotor. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.


Youth in political arena throughout world is increasingly recognized as an important fact for the development of traditional political setup into modern. Through their capacities of decision making, sprit, and enthusiasm. Youth have a sheer population in this world mostly is region of Asia particularly in India. Instead of the sheer population their level of direct participation in sphere of politics is steadily decreases since the end of Second World War before the independence great achievements were meant by the youth through their active participation in socio-political affairs. The research work was endeavored to analyze the cause which h inders the youth to be active participants in politics and to study the youth in parliament an overview.


1039 Background: The aim of this retrospective study was to define the incidence of brain metastases as a first site of recurrence among women with triple receptor-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

METHODS
2,448 patients with stage I-III TNBC diagnosed between 1990 and 2010 were identified. We computed the cumulative incidence of developing brain metastases as a first site of recurrence at 2 and 5 years. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to determine factors that could predict for the development of brain metastases as a first site of recurrence. Kaplan-Meier product limit method was used to compute survival following a diagnosis of brain metastases.

RESULTS
At a median follow up of 39 months 115 (4.7%) patients had developed brain metastases as a first site of recurrence. The cumulative incidence at 2 and 5 years was 3.73% (95% CI 2.92%-4.55%) and 5.44% (95% CI 4.41%-6.47%), respectively. Among patients with stage I, II and III disease, the 2-year cumulative incidence of brain metastases was 0.8%, 3.1% and 8%, respectively (p<0.0001). 5- year cumulative incidence was 2.8%, 4.6% and 9.6% among patients with stage I, II and III disease, respectively (p<0.0001). In the multivariable model, patients with stage III disease had a significant increase in the risk of developing brain metastases as a first site of recurrence (HR = 3.51; 95% CI 1.85 - 6.67; p = .0001) compared to patients with stage I disease. Those with stage II disease had a non significant increased risk of developing brain metastases (HR = 1.61; 95% CI 0.92 - 2.81; p = .10) compared to patients with stage I disease. Median survival following a diagnosis of brain metastases was 7.2 months (range 5.7 to 9.4 months).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with non metastatic TNBC have a high early incidence of developing brain metastases as a first site of recurrence, which is associated with subsequent poor survival. Patients with stage III TNBC in particular would be an ideal cohort to research preventive strategies.


Rural communities, especially those that strive to become tourist destinations face many challenges, including limited human and financial resources in developing their own tourism sector. The importance of local visitor centres in promoting the region can be invaluable assets in addressing those limitations. However, to what extent can efforts among a community's residents also contribute towards the promotion of local tourism? The present study investigates this aspect of community involvement from the perspective of representatives (managers, staff) of an emerging rural tourism destination, the Blackwood River Valley in Western Australia. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted in four visitor centres. Volunteerism among local residents in various ways of tourism promotion emerged as a key finding in this study, as well as volunteer work providing support beyond involvement at visitor centres. Indeed, this aspect of community involvement was further illustrated in other forms of community involvement (e.g. helping host and cater for events). The findings, therefore, reinforce the notion that through volunteerism, local residents make direct and indirect participatory contributions that help strengthen the social aspect, or social fabric, of the community, while contributing to tourism development.


In this work, we tackle the correspondence problem between two point clouds. The points may lie in a space of arbitrary dimension, but they are mainly considered two and three dimensional point clouds. Our approach takes into account the geometrical and local information inherent to the matching problem. The Subspace Matching Theorem is extended to better deal with real cases. For this, the possibility of missing data or clutter are modeled, and the local features are included in our model. We formalize the problem as a convex optimization program and it can solve the problem for a moderately-sized dataset using available optimization algorithms. We compare experimentally our algorithm with ICP and show that our algorithm yields better results. To demonstrate the capabilities of our approach, we present experiments for several application examples.


The main characteristics of information processing taxonomy model consist of retrieving information from external memory and primary and secondary productions of Type A and Type B information. This characteristic becomes the components of different levels of thinking which could be used to confirm and explain the student's creative thinking. This paper describes the development of a geometry test for assessing mathematical creative thinking based on information processing taxonomy model at different hierarchical levels. The instrument development process followed two phases: instrument formation and instrument validation. Instrument formation consists of a literature review, generating items, evaluating proposed items, and a pilot testing draft. Instrument validation used a statistical method to find the indexes of validity, reliability, difficulty, and discrimination of test items. Results showed that the constructed test instrument consists of 5 items. All of the test items were valid and can be used to analyze mathematical creative thinking.


The employment competitive power of postgraduates with a Master degree of medical information science graduated from 6 institutions was investigated with questionnaires,which showed that they were satisfied with their employment position and adapted to it in a short time.The key conditions for employment competitive power were comprehensive literacy,professional skills,and related working experiences.Certain suggestions were put forward for improving their key employment competitive power.


Due to frequent high wind, low temperature, and blizzards, the Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) has installed gates along I-90 and I-94 to guide traffic off the interstate and prohibit access during life threatening situations. Mn/DOT conducted a study that assessed the costs and benefits of gate operations. The study included potential reduction in delays and the number of accidents. A severe snowstorm that struck southwestern Minnesota in November 1998 provided a good case study to compare costs for clearing sections of highways with and without gates. Generally, it costs Mn/DOT 15% less to clear and reopen highways controlled by existing manual gates. An intelligent transportation systems (ITS) solution to reduce safety risks for law enforcement and snow maintenance teams is presently being tested by Mn/DOT. Mn/DOT, through a partnership with ThomTech Design team, developed a freeway management system at the I-90 and US 71 interchange at Jackson, Minnesota. Mn/DOT installed an automated system using ITS technologies. The system is being managed from Mn/DOT's Windom office. The pilot project started during the summer of 2001. The research report, work plan, hardware installation, software development, and acceptance test have been completed. The system is being tested by Mn/DOT District 7 Windom office. The I-90 gate operation involves the coordination of the following major subsystems: (1) the Traffic Management Subsystem consists of automated gate closure devices that are designed to operate in all climates and are FHWA approved for crashworthiness, safety, and operability. The existing gate arms are used in conjunction with an automatic electronic actuator to raise and lower the gates using a wireless signaling device; (2) the Control and Monitoring Subsystem is a website with a user name and a password that controls the gate operations. The web server is located at the intersection and designed to be controlled from the Mn/DOT District 7 Office in Windom, Minnesota; (3) the Detection and Sensor Subsystem provides a reliable means of visual, audio, and graphic interfaces to detect violations. It is also able to display, record, log, and playback the incidents; and (4) the Communication Subsystem is wireless communication with Internet access and back-up landline. Lessons learned from the I-90 gate operational test will be used as a management toolbox for future ITS initiatives that will allow Mn/DOT to better manage the roadway facilities.


It was STRUMPELL (1879) who first designated as diffuse cerebral sclerosis a group of diseased conditions in which extensive sclerosis was seen in the cerebral white matter. N E U B ~ G E R (1921) classified it into three categories: inflammatory (Schilder's disease), degenerative (leucodystrophy) and neoplastic. The problems to be discussed here concern with the second category, leucodystrophy, which term was coined primarily by BIELSCHOWSKY and HENNEBERG in 1928 for metachromatic diffuse sclerosis of today and has become to be used to represent the general idea of degenerative difEuse sclerosis. In leucodystrophy, clearance of the debris from myelin sheath disintegration is characteristically prolonged and incomplete, while the products chemically differ from that of the usual demyelinization i.c. cholesterol ester. This peculiarity was fist pointed out by KALTENBACH (1922). Today, leucodystrophy may be defined as a diffuse degenerative disease, chiefly of the cerebral white matter, occurring among siblings and having frequently a metabolic disorder in its basis. It has been classified into several types, for example by POSER and VAN BOGAERT and by DIEZEL, but here we would like to follow the classification by PEIFFER (1962) (Table 1). The data from the cases we have personally observed are shown in Table 2.


We examined the relationship between environmental factors and the richness of submerged macrophytes species in 73 Danish lakes, which are mainly small, shallow, and have mesotrophic to hypertrophic conditions. We found that mean species richness per lake was only 4.5 in acid lakes of low alkalinity but 12.3 in lakes of high alkalin - ity due to a greater occurrence of the species-rich group of elodeids. Mean species richness per lake also increased sig - nificantly with increasing Secchi depth. No significant relationship between species richness and lake surface area was observed among the entire group of lakes or a subset of eutrophic lakes, as the growth of submerged macrophytes in large lakes may be restricted by wave action in shallow water and light restriction in deep water. In contrast, macrophyte species richness increased with lake surface area in transparent lakes, presumably due to expansion of the area colonised by submerged macrophytes. Thus, the size of the colonised area is a better predictor of species richness than lake surface area. The strong increase in species richness accompanying greater transparency can be accounted for by the combined effect of higher colonised area and higher habitat richness along gradients of deeper macrophyte growth.


5,10-Dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenaziniumyl 7,7,8,8tetracyano-p-quinodimethanide (M2P-TCNQ) can be doped chemically with neutral phenazine (P). We investigated single crystals of a phase with composition Po.4(M2P)o.6TCNQ, i.e. (C 12HaN2)o.4(C 14HI4N2)o_.6(C 12H4N4) , C25.2 n15.6N6, M r = 402.44, triclinic, P1, a = 3.843 (3), b = 7.730(6), c = 16.028 (11) A, a -91.93 (6), fl = 93.56 (6), y = 94.57 (5) ° , V = 4 7 3 A 3 , Z = 1, d c = 1.41 Mg m -3. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by least squares to R = 0.073 for 704 independent diffractometer data. The structure consists of segregated regular stacks of TCNQ and of dimethyl0567-7408/80/061435-06501.00 phenazine doped with 40% phenazine. Interplanar distances are 3.26 (1) A, in the TCNQ and 3.44 (1) A in the M2P stacks. The structure, the EPR data between 100 and 380 K and the electrical conductivity at room temperature are all very similar to those of N M P TCNQ.


Nanoscale materials are nowadays widely used in many different modern technologies. Special attention is thus required for their characterization in order to optimize fabrication processes. However, current characterization systems which can achieve nanometric resolution over a large area and in three dimensions are few. Classical optical microscopy presents a resolving power limited by diffraction, making impossible the visualization of elements with a size under half the wavelength. Recently, several methods have thus been developed to overcome this limitation, among them microsphere‐assisted microscopy. Indeed, using a transparent microsphere, a full‐field image of the sample can be retrieved with a higher resolution than the diffraction‐limit. In this paper, this new imaging technique is combined with phase‐shifting interferometry in order to reconstruct the 3D surface of nanostructures. An enhancement of a factor of 4.0 in the lateral resolution is demonstrated while combining this with the nanometric axial sensitivity of interferometry. Results are shown of the topography of reference gratings as well as periodic Ag nano‐dots on silicon and laser induced ripples in steel, spaced by a few hundred nanometres. A comparison of these results is made with those from SEM and atomic force microscopy.


The purpose of this paper is two fold. First to establish the Theory of discounted constrained Markov Decision Processes with a countable state and action spaces with general multi-chain structure. Second, to introduce nite approximation methods. We deene the occupation measures and obtain properties of the set of all achievable occupation measures under the diierent admissible policies. We establish the optimality of stationary policies for the constrained control problem, and obtain a LP with a countable number of decision variables through which optimal stationary policies are computed. Since for such a LP one cannot expect to nd an optimal solution in a nite number of operations, we present two schemes for nite approximations and establish the convergence of optimal values and policies for both the discounted and the expected average cost, with unbounded cost. Sometimes it turns to be easier to solve the problem with innnite state space than the problem with nite yet large state space. Based on the optimal policy for the problem with innnite state space, we construct policies which are almost optimal for the problem with truncated state space. This method is applied to obtain an-optimal policy for a problem of optimal priority assignment under constraints for a system of K nite queues.


Dispersal,defined as a linear spreading movement of individuals away from others of the population is a fundamental characteristic of organisms in nature.Dispersal is a central concept in ecological,behavioral and evolutionary studies,driven by several forces such as avoidance of inbreeding depression,density-dependent competition and the need to change breeding locations.By effective dispersal,organisms can enlarge their geographic range,and adjust the dynamic,sex ratio and genetic structure of a population.Birds are one of the groups that are studied intensively by human beings.Due to their diurnal habits,diverse life history strategies and complex movement,birds are also ideal models with which to study dispersal behaviors.Such studies on avian species represent a new frontier of ornithological research.Dispersal is distinguished between natal dispersal and breeding dispersal.The former refers to the movement between the natal area and the first breeding site. Breeding dispersal is the movement between two successive territories.The main objective of avian dispersal research is to obtain the proximate and ultimate perspectives in a diversity of bird species.Certain topics of avian dispersal including sex-biased,asymmetric dispersal caused by differences in body conditions,dispersal processes,habitat selection and long distance dispersal are discussed here.To collect data of parameters of dispersal like distance and rate,it is sensible to mark individuals.Bird-banding or marking,radio-telemetry and genetic markers are useful tools widely applied in many studies.Moreover,satellite-tracking,stable isotope analysis and hormone examination are methodologies currently underway.A number of empirical studies on avian dispersal have been published in recent years,proving it to be an active field in ornithology.The challenges that surround theories and methodologies impel scientists to continue their studies by following three aspects:(1) furthering methodological advances,(2) strengthening theoretical research,and(3) applying research into the conservation efforts for threatened birds and the management of their habitats.


Financial sector development (FSD) has been recognised as a supportive factor, acting as a shift variable in the growth function, besides the fundamental variables of capital stock and labour. Since the beginning of the new millennium, rapid strides in the spread of information and communication technology (ICT) have enabled the hitherto reluctant, urban-based banking institutions to reach the rural masses for mobilising savings. Digitisation through various innovations has made it possible that 'brick and mortar less' bank branches now increasingly provide financial services to rural India. This study examines the role of digitisation as a contingent factor in India's FSD and growth nexus during the last 13 years (2003–2015). The findings of the empirical study through employment of ARDL methodology and application of bounds testing procedure by utilising 52 quarterly observations of the data series of relevant variables reveal that digitisation has indeed emerged a significant factor in the FSD and growth nexus, by playing a complementary role to FSD. There are two policy implications: (a) as ICT has emerged a major tool, it has to be supported at all levels, and (b) the financial inclusion process should be carried forward as it has all the potential to speed up economic growth and development. JEL: G21, O16, O33


Every year, commercial testing labs earn millions of dollars from selling the anonymized results of blood, urine, tissue, and other tests with almost no public scrutiny or debate.2 Few outside the industry know anything about this trade, and lab workers are often in the dark as well.

When I tell people about the growing commercial trade in anonymized patient data from sources including electronic health records, insurance claims data, and prescriptions, the sale of lab data from companies such as Quest and LabCorp sparks the greatest surprise and concern. Discussing the secondary use of data unrelated to the direct treatment of the tested patient also makes labs and their data mining clients uneasy. Many prefer to avoid any substantive discussion of the tradeoffs between advancing scientific knowledge by sharing data and protecting patient privacy.

LabCorp provides a good example of such reticence. I unsuccessfully tried to contact LabCorp's CEO three times in 2015 while researching my latest book (1) and another two times in 2016 for this article.3 When asked whether LabCorp shares anonymized data with outside companies, and, if so, under what circumstances, privacy officer Don Luu responded: "LabCorp would disclose de-identifiable information to business associates for various purposes related to its business and operations."4 After I asked for more clarity Luu acknowledged such trade: "LabCorp would share de-identified information outside of its organization as it is permitted by the HIPAA Rules."5

I wrote LabCorp again regarding this article in Clinical Chemistry , and it took a few weeks to receive written responses from the company's chief information officer Lance Berberian. "The use of de-identified and aggregated patient data is a long-standing, widely acknowledged practice that leads to better patient outcomes," he wrote. "That data includes information derived from diagnostic results (including laboratory tests), prescribing …


All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Double-blind • Conference submission management system: submissions were received and • handled via e-mail • Number of submissions received: 35 • Number of submissions sent for review: 35 • Number of submissions accepted:23 • Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 65,7% • Average number of reviews per paper: 2 • Total number of reviewers involved: 19 • Any additional info on review process: All reviewers have academic status and are recognized scientific experts in their field. • Contact person for queries: Kirill E. Tokarev, firstname.lastname@example.com


For highly compact neutron stars, constructing numerical initial data for black hole–neutron star binary evolutions is very difficult. We describe improvements to an earlier method that enable it to handle these more challenging cases. These improvements were found by invoking a general relaxation principle that may be helpful in improving robustness in other initial data solvers. We examine the case of a 6:1 mass ratio system in inspiral close to merger, where the star is governed by a polytropic Γ = 2 , an SLy, or an LS220 equation of state (EOS). In particular, we are able to obtain a solution with a realistic LS220 EOS for a star with compactness 0.26 and mass 1.98 M⊙, which is representative of the highest reliably determined neutron star masses. For the SLy EOS, we can obtain solutions with a comparable compactness of 0.25, while for a family of polytropic equations of state, we obtain solutions with compactness up to 0.21, the largest compactness that is stable in this family. These compactness values are significantly higher than any previously published results.


Objective To study the effects of hyperbaric oxygen combined with anti-parkinson granule on apoptosis of substantia nigra in experimental parkinsonian rats.Methods Hemilateral PD rat model was established with right ventral tegmental injection of 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA).The rats were divided into 3 groups: sham operated group,model group,and treatment group(hyperbaric oxygen combined with anti-parkinson granule).The expression of TH,GFAP,Bc1-2 and Bax protein was examined by using immunohistochemistry.Results The activities of TH and Bcl-2 were significantly increased in treatment group,while expression of GFAP and Bax protein content was significantly reduced,compared those in model group(P0.05).Conclusion Hyperbaric oxygen combined with anti-parkinson granule can significantly reduce apoptosis of substantia nigra in PD rats.


The relationship between reactive power adjustment of wind power system and power grid voltage was studied,when wind power accounted for a considerable proportion of partial power system.The operating performance of fix-speed and variable-speed wind turbines was analyzed,and the special demands for reactive power control of wind turbine were proposed.


The invention discloses a recording auditing method under a Windows platform on the basis of a filter driver. The method comprises the following steps of: installing the filter driver; carrying out capture recording operation; carrying out analysis recording operation; acquiring a file path; acquiring a file type and an IP (Internet Protocol) address of a computer in which a file is arranged; and generating audit data. According to the method provided by the invention, under the condition of not changing a mode that a user executes the recording operation, the technical characteristics of a recorder are sufficiently utilized, recording information carried in the recording operation is subjected to comprehensive auditing by the method on the basis of the filter driver, the computer on which the recording operation is carried out and the recorded files can be rapidly and accurately identified, complete audit information can also be acquired and classified information is effectively prevented from being leaked or spread in a recording mode.


Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler (1921-1923), a German-Jewish art dealer know today as having discovered cubist art, assembled an incredible collection of more than 800 works of Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Juan Gris and Fernand Leger beginning in 1914. During the First World War, he was considered an enemy of France, both because of his German nationality and his pacificist stance. All the works in his possession were confiscated by the French government and sold at auction, with the profits filling the coffers of the treasury as war reparations. The four sales of this kind, which took place between June 1921 and May 1923, were an unprecedented event in the art world that merits analysis. This research is also the occasion to shed new light on Khanweiler himself, an unfortunate merchant who overcame the worst of crises without ever ceasing to defend the artists he believed in.


The quantum mechanical bound states of the −α/x2 potential are truly anomalous. We revisit this problem by adopting a slightly modified version of this potential, one that adopts a cutoff in the potential arbitrarily close to the origin. The resulting solutions are completely well-defined and "normal," and provide us with additional insight into the solutions of the "bare" −α/x2 potential. We present results here as a case study in undergraduate research—two independent methodologies are used: one analytical (albeit with very unfamiliar non-elementary functions) and one numerical (with a very straightforward methodology). These play complementary roles in arriving at solutions and achieving insights into this problem.


The following correspondence was solicited by the Editor. The recent warning issued by the manufacturer * about the danger of the development of cataracts after the use of triparanol (MER/29) and the publication of an account of such a hazard in a widely circulated medium 1 have caused considerable concern to members of the medical profession. I have been reluctant to present a formal account of my clinical observations of the use and effects of this agent because to date the data lack statistical weight. Still, the effect of the warning of the manufacturer and other comments on this drug inevitably cause the question of responsibility to patients, to general physicians, and to ophthalmologists to assume prime importance. The present statement of views on the use and effects of triparanol will be followed by a paper detailing the writer's experience with the agent. Undoubtedly, the news of the untoward effects of


This paper reviews a variety of techniques that can increase the large-scale use of vehicle safety belts. Activator approaches or behavior change strategies that precede opportunities to buckle up included: reminder techniques (i.e., buckle-up dashborad stickers, sound-light reminder systems in vehicles, and special "Airline Lifesaver" and "Flash for Life" prompting procedures), role modeling by television stars, educational tactics involving young school children, commitment pledgecard signing, incentives, and disincentives. Reward strategies can be direct and immediate, direct and delayed, or indirect. These three techniques for delivering rewards have been equivalently effective at increasing safety belt use in corporate and community settings. The conclusion is that a number of strategies are cost effective for increasing safety belt use on a large scale, and no single approach is sufficient.


The weak consciousness of protection of invisible property in many enterprise s of our country, especially in some middle and large enterprises, makes drainin g away a lot of state-owned invisible property as the very important element of state-owned property. It is very urgent to know from the strategical angle the p resent condition and the cause of the drain of the invisible property which has property right of knowledge as the main content in enterprises of our country an d find out corresponding countermeasures.


The alternating deposition on quartz of a cationic polymer and the integral bacterial membrane protein called Reaction Centre led to the formation of the polyelectrolyte multilayer called PEM. The PEM revealed to be a valuable tool for the determination of the presence of herbicides in water through the measurement of its optical properties. Among the most striking features of the PEM is the long time stability of the embedded protein that allowed the use of the same specimen for several months without any loss in sensitivity or reproducibility of the determinations. Here further details on the PEM structure and properties will be presented together with a first attempt to overcome the major drawback of the proposed biosensor, i.e.: its poor sensitivity.


Overlap joints of the SuperPower 2G HTS tape SCS12050 with surrounding copper stabilizer were prepared, in controlled conditions, using a lead-free solder and two types of fluxes in air atmosphere. A clamping device was developed, in order to control the evolution of temperature during the process. The reflow time (during which the solder melting is expected) and the pressure exerted on the joint area were utilized as parameters in the optimization of the soldering procedure. The melting point of the used Sn96.5Ag3Cu0.5 alloy was 217 °C; soldering temperatures slightly exceeded the latter temperature. Quality of the joint was evaluated by measurement of the voltage-current curve, from which the joint resistance, critical current, and n-value were determined. Resilience against temperature cycling was tested on one of the samples. Electrical characterization is complemented by structural investigation with scanning electron microscopy, which was focused on the microstructure of the soldered joint layer. Surprisingly, the best joints were obtained at the lowest pressures used in these experiments. With regard to the reflow times and used fluxes, a slight reduction in the joint resistance was observed at longer duration of melting conditions and using rosin flux.


A discussion on manufacturing technology and landscape function of high permeability concrete,with its high penetrating ability and the ecosystem filtrating bed functian,has been down.It can be sucessfully used for treatment and repair of river bank and has been sucessfully used in "Zhenjiang 863 water environment special item".


The most classic textbook hash function, e.g. taught in CLRS [MIT Press'09], is h(x) = ((ax + b) mod p) mod m, (◇) where x, a, b ϵ {0, 1, ..., p-1} and a, b are chosen uniformly at random. It is known that (◇) is 2-independent and almost uniform provided p is a prime and p ≫ m. This implies that when using (◇) to build a hash table with chaining that contains n ≤ m keys, the expected query time is O(1) and the expected length of the longest chain is O(√n). This result holds for any 2-independent hash function. No hash function can improve on the expected query time, but the upper bound on the expected length of the longest chain is not known to be tight for (◇). Partially addressing this problem, Alon et al. [STOC'97] proved the existence of a class of linear hash functions such that the expected length of the longest chain is (√n) and leave as an open problem to decide which nontrivial properties (◇) has. We make the first progress on this fundamental problem, by showing that the expected length of the longest chain is at most n1/3o(1) which means that the performance of (◇) is similar to that of a independent hash function for which we can prove an upper bound of O(n1/3). As a lemma we show that within a fixed set of integers there are few pairs such that the height of the ratio of the pairs are small. Given two non-zero coprime integers n, m ϵ ℤ with the height of n/m is max t{|n|, |m|}, and the height is a way of measuring how complex a fraction is. This is proved using a mixture of techniques from additive combinatorics and number theory, and we believe that the result might be of independent interest. For a natural variation of (◇), we show that it is possible to apply second order moment bounds even when a hash value is fixed. As a consequence: For min-wise hashing it was known that any key from a set of n keys has the smallest hash value with probability O (1√n). We improve this to n-1+o(1). For linear probing it was known that the worst case expected query time is O (√n). We improve this to no(1).


Haizhu bridge (in China) is a 3-span through steel portal frame bridge with a total length of 182.88m, whose middle span and side span are respectively 48.77m and 66.54m. This paper first introduces its damage circumstance; then calculates and tests its bearing capacity; after that, three strengthening schemes, i.e. the third chord member and external prestressing scheme, external prestressing continuous steel truss scheme and self-anchorage suspension bridge scheme, are analyzed; finally, some key techniques in the strengthening construction are discussed.


ABSTRACT Male Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) have red epaulets that are used as badges for intrasexual competition for territory acquisition and defense. Red epaulets reflect very little across ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths (300–400 nm) yet most birds, including Red-winged Blackbirds, are visually sensitive to UV light. Here, we conducted a field experiment to test if adding UV reflectance (UV+) to epaulets changed the effectiveness of signals to receivers relative to control epaulets. We constructed blackbird models with an epaulet made from red felt that reflected both long-wavelength (i.e., red) and UV wavelengths (UV+). To half of the models we applied sunscreen over the epaulets to block UV reflectance (UV–) and therefore mimic reflectance spectra of natural epaulets. UV+ and UV– models, along with small playback recorders playing oak-a-lee calls, were presented in established territories of male Red-winged Blackbirds. UV+ models received significantly more song flight displays (2017) and song spread displays (2019) from territorial males. Two territorial males physically attacked UV+ models but none attacked UV– models. To our knowledge, this is the first field experiment to add UV color to a plumage signal, resulting in a behavioral response from wild birds, raising questions for future research to explore a potential pre-existing visual bias for UV coloration in Red-winged Blackbirds and potential phylogenetic constraints on expression of UV reflectance of epaulets.


Introduction Directly Observed Polypectomy Skills (DOPyS) is a validated tool used to assess polypectomy skills (1). DOPyS has 34 parameters measuring technical and non-technical polypectomy skills and an overall polypectomy proficiency score on which a trainee is scored on a grade of 1–4. Trainees are certified as competent in level 1 (<1 cm) and level 2 (1–2 cm) polypectomy if they achieve overall scores 3 or 4 in their last 4 consecutive DOPyS, alongside other key performance indicators. The aim was to determine factors that could be targeted for training in safe and competent polypectomy. Method DOPyS evaluations documented were analysed to identify low-scoring parameters both during training and after attaining competency. Data from 707 trainees (4965 DOPyS) from Jan 2009 to Sept 2015 was examined. The low scoring parameters (scores 1 or 2) were identified during training (DOPyS overall score 1 or 2) and at competency (DOPyS Overall score 3 or 4). These were further analysed according to site, morphology and size of polyps removed. Results All 4965 DOPyS were entered into the analysis. 80% (3898) left sided polyps, 63% (3114) sessile polyps. Median size 6 mm and majority (68%) were <1 cm in size. Table 1 shows technical and non-technical parameters at which trainees had persistently low scores, which were independent of size, site and morphology of the polyp. Additionally, trainees had incompetent scores when choosing the appropriate polypectomy technique, using prophylactic haemostatic measures for right sided lesions and at tattoo placement skills for >2 cm polyps. Conclusion Trainees in the UK consistently underperform on some non-technical skills (choice of technique, checking diathermy settings, photo-documentation) and technical skills (snare control, submucosal injection technique), irrespective of polyp size, site and morphology. To improve proficiency of polypectomy skills, we suggest targeted interventions to increase the awareness of the required non-technical skills and specific focus during in-vivo training on the identified technical factors. This retrospective analysis of a large database is entirely novel in describing the detail of polypectomy skills that trainees lack during training and at competency. There is currently an ongoing prospective study to examine the learning curve for polypectomy skills. Abstract PTU-005 Table 1 Low scoring parameters during polypectomy assessment* *total number of DOPyS for each parameter varied due to come being married N: [not applicable] Reference Guptaet al, GIE (March 2012) Disclosure of Interest None Declared


We point out that the result on minus partial on the squares of non-negative definite matrix is hold for the Hermmite matrices,and investigate the relation between the minus and star partial ordering of the matrices.Further,a equivalencies for the star partial ordering of the Hermmite matrices is given using the linear combinations.


Purpose: To report a case of dorsal midbrain syndrome with binocular vertical diplopia treated by extra ocular muscle surgery. Method: A case report Result: A 28-year-old man suffered from binocular vertical diplopia due to head injury status post ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedure. Ophthalmic examination revealed best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 in both eyes, upward gaze palsy, alternate extrotropia with left hypotropia and light-near dissociation of pupils. The patient underwent recession-resection rectus muscle surgery (od) and inferior rectus muscle surgery (os) with good ocular alignment outcome. Absence of binocular diplopia with relief of abnormal head posture was noted postoperatively. Conclusion: Dorsal midbrain syndrome with vertical striabismus can be managed by extraocular muscle surgery. Absence of binocular diplopia with relief of abnormal head posture is achieved post-operatively.


Near–field radiative transfer between two objects can be enhanced by a few order of magnitude compared to the far–field radiative transfer that can be described by Planck's theory of blackbody radiation and Kirchoffs laws. We have developed a numerical technique to determine the near–field thermal radiative transfer between two spheres. We have measured near–field thermal radiation between a silica sphere and a flat silica substrate as a function of gap between them using an bi–material cantilever as a thermal sensor. The experimental results show qualitative agreement with numerical results. The results of this work indicate that the proximity force approximation, widely used to determine forces between curved objects, is not applicable to near–field radiative transfer between curved objects.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


And the war of words is also peculiar for the role that research has played in the struggle. Decodable text advocates have parlayed a few recent and unreplicated studies into support for their approach—even legislation, in a few states. Yet when we look at the broad, stillaccumulating body of educational research, we see that holistic approaches to literacy clearly remain our best documented, most reliable, and most thoroughly proved ways to teach reading to the majority of children.


Menurunkan Stres Akademik Siswa dengan Menggunakan Teknik Self-Instruction Abstract : The purpose of this study was to determine: 1) a decrease in students' academic stress after intervention with self-instruction techniques; 2) increase the ability of students before and af-ter the intervention in changing the thoughts, feelings, and physical Events negative when: a) opinion conveying; b) gather information; and c) take action. Subjects in this study amounted to 3 people, which is selected by purposive. Design studies using multiple treatments with ABCD type. Data was collected using observation, interviews, and job sheets. The data obtained is analyzed using graphic visual analysis and descriptive analysis. The results of the study are: in general self-instruction techniques can lower academic stress, and in particular the technique can improve: 1) expression in subjects 1 and 3 subjects after entering the second intervention phase (B). While the subject of 2 may indicate a change, and stable after being on the third intervention phase (D); 2) collect information on the subject since the middle third second intervention (C); and 3) act positively on the subject 1 and subject 2 since entering the first intervention phase (B), while three new subjects may indicate a change, and stable in the mid-third intervention (D). Key Words : academic stress, self-instruction techniques Abstrak : Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: 1) penurunan stres akademik siswa setelah dilakukan intervensi dengan teknik self-instruction; 2) peningkatan kemampuan siswa sebelum dan sesudah intervensi dalam merubah pikiran, perasaan, dan kodisi fisik yang negatif ketika: a) menyampaikan pendapat; b) mengumpulkan informasi; dan c) melakukan tindakan. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 3 orang, yang dipilih dengan cara Purposive. Desain penelitian menggunakan multiple treatment dengan tipe A-B-C-D. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan: observasi, wawancara, dan lembar tugas, kemudian data yang diperoleh dianalisa dengan menggunakan analisa visual grafis dan analisa deskriptif. Hasil penelitian adalah secara umum teknik self-instruction dapat menurunkan stres akademik, dan secara khusus teknik ini dapat meningkatkan kemampuan: 1) menyampaikan pendapat pada subjek 1 dan subjek 3 setelah memasuki tahap intervensi kedua (B). Sedangkan subjek 2 dapat menunjukkan perubahan, dan stabil setelah berada pada tahap intervensi ketiga (D);  2) mengumpulkan informasi pada ketiga subjek sejak pertengahan intervensi kedua (C); dan 3) bertindak positif pada subjek 1 dan subjek 2 sejak memasuki tahap intervensi pertama (B), sedangkan subjek 3 baru dapat menunjukkan perubahan, dan stabil pada pertengahan intervensi ketiga (D).  Kata kunci : stres akademik, teknik self-instruction


Tom McCallion's article is a clear and much needed exploration of an important section of Bernard Lonergan's thought on economics. In response I would like to discuss some points concerning Lonergan's notions of costs and profit in the aggregate basic price spread of a pure cycle. My interpretation of Lonergan's notions of costs and profit differs from McCallion's and may offer a considerable simplification to his analysis. McCallion contends that Lonergan's notions of cost and profit are no longer obverse terms (65). To set the framework for the brief discussion I will first say how I understand Lonergan's notion of the "pure cycle."


A problem of calculation of the stress‐strain state of viscoelastic heterogeneously ageing growing systems at the various moments of time is considered. The efficient numerical technique based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) is suggested. The constitutive equation between stresses and strains in the viscoelastic growing solid is corresponded with the Maslov‐Arutyunyan theory. The general system of equations of the FEM‐based technique is being formed for nodal displacement increments on the basis of variation of the total energy functional by components of the vector of nodal displacement increments. The numerical technique allows to take into account linear and nonlinear creep of the material, shrinkage (if it is necessary) and the instantly‐elastic modulus time‐dependence. (© 2010 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


During buzz pollination, bees use vibrations to remove pollen from flowers. Vibrations at the natural frequency of pollen-carrying stamens are amplified through resonance, resulting in higher amplitude vibrations. Because pollen release depends on vibration amplitude, bees could increase pollen removal by vibrating at the natural frequency of stamens. However, few studies have characterized the natural frequencies of stamens and compared them to the frequencies of buzz-pollinating bees. We use laser Doppler vibrometry to characterize natural frequencies of stamens of six morphologically diverse, buzz-pollinated, heterantherous Solanum taxa and compare the frequency of bumblebee buzzes produced on two Solanum spp. with different natural frequencies. We found that stamen morphology and plant identity explain variation in their natural frequency. The natural frequencies of the stamens in the studied Solanum taxa fell between 45 and 295 Hz; in five out of six taxa the frequencies were < 190 Hz, which only partly overlaps floral vibrations of buzz-pollinating bees. We show that captive bumblebees produce vibrations at a frequency of 345 Hz and do not change their floral vibrations to match the natural frequency of the visited flowers. Our results suggest that pollen release induced by vibrating stamens at their natural frequencies might only play a role in a subset of buzz pollination interactions.


Effect of Early Vs. Late Introduction of Intravenous Lipid To Preterm Infants on Death and Chronic Lung Disease (CLD) - Results of Meta-Analyses † 1250


We report a systematic theoretical investigation of the effects of metal substrates on the local magnetic moments of zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs). Representative metal surfaces of Au, Pt, Ni, Cu, Al, Ag, and Pd have been analyzed from atomic first principles. Results show that the local magnetic moments vanish when the nanoribbons are on top of the surfaces of Al, Ag, Pt, and Pd, while they are preserved for Au, Ni, and Cu. For s -dominated metals, the magnetic moments of the edge states of ZGNRs can be tuned by a bias voltage. For p - or d -dominated metals there is significant hybridization between the metal states and the nonbonding π orbital of the ZGNRs; thereby the tuning effect is reduced. We identify the microscopic physical reason behind the bias tuning of the magnetic properties of the ZGNRs.


[Objective] To investigate the protective effects of irbesartan on myocardium and its anti-oxidative stress mechanism in diabetic rats. [Methods] Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group(n=10), diabetic group(n=10), irbesartan group(n=10). At the end of 12 weeks, the rats were killed. Urine volume, body mass, heart mass/body weight, plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum or red blood cells and heart tissues were tested. Myocardium was taken for electromicroscopy.[Results] Urine volume, heart mass/body mass, plasma glucose, HbA1C, MDA levels of blood and heart tissue in diabetic rats were significantly greater than those of normal controls (P 0.05). But body weight, SOD activity of blood and heart tissue in control group were higher than that of diabetic and irbesartan group. After 8 weeks of treatment, SOD activity of red blood cells and heart tissue in rats of irbesartan group were significantly higher than those of diabetic rats (P 0.05). The injuries of the myocardium including sarcomeres, mitochondria and microvascular endothelial cells were less in irbesartan group than that in diabetic group. [Conclusion] Irbesartan could decrease the heart injury in diabetic rats. And the mechanisms might be that irbesartan can reduce the MDA levels and improve SOD activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats.