This research aimed to examine effect of commercial feed enrichment with Piper betle leaf extract on the growth and survival rate of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This study used an experimental method with 15-20 g tilapia seed as test organisms at a stocking rate of 150 fish/m2. A Completely Randomized Design was used with five treatments and three replicates. The treatments were: A (pelleted feed/control); B (10% Piper betle leaf extract/kg feed); treatment C (15% Piper betle extract/kg feed); treatment D (20% Piper betle leaf extract/kg feed); and treatment E (25% betel leaf extract/kg of feed). The parameters observed during this study were the net increase in biomass and survival rate of the tilapia seed. All data were tabulated, then analysed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Water quality parameters in each treatment remained within acceptable limits for tilapia grow-out throughout the study, with pH 6.0–7.96; temperature 27.1 - 34.8 °C; DO 3.7 - 4.8 ppm and 0 ppm ammonia. The Piper betle leaf extract concentration in treatment D (20%) gave the best results, with 342.33 ± 10.60 g net increase in tilapia seed biomass and 100%± 0% survival rate.


We propose a method for variable selection in multiple regression with random predictors. This method is based on a criterion that permits to reduce the variable selection problem to a problem of estimating suitable permutation and dimensionality. Then, estimators for these parameters are proposed and the resulting method for selecting variables is shown to be consistent. A simulation study that permits to gain understanding of the performances of the proposed approach and to compare it with an existing method is given.


A dissertation submitted in accordance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Educational Management in the Department of Educational Planning and Administration, Faculty of Education at the University of Zululand, 2019.


Abstract It has been shown that partial obstruction to digital venous outflow resulted in slight increase in tone and constriction of the precapillary digital vessels and from slight to marked increase in postcapillary vascular tone and constriction. The digital veins were among the postcapillary vessels. The mechanism for the increase in venomotor tone as well as the tone of the other vessels remains unknown. Four types of volume-time course curves for the initial pulse cycles after inflation of the digital collecting cuff were described. These included the patterns for (1) the resting, relaxed state of the digital vessels, (2) the dilated state, (3) the constricted state (Types A and B), and (4) the obstruction to digital flow. These curves have significant rheoplethysmographic, physiologic, and pathologic connotations. Noradrenalin was found to constrict the postcapillary digital vessels, including the veins, but the veins were not constricted as much as the precapillary vessels for the doses used. The orienting reflex, psychogenic and neurogenic reflexes, and deep inspiration were found to produce constriction of the postcapillary vessels, including the digital veins, as well as the precapillary vessels. It was found rheoplethysmographically that the pre- and postcapillary vessels constrict and/or dilate discordantly or disproportionately in the same manner described for the afferent and efferent arterioles of the kidney. This phenomenon probably exists for other organs as well. The phenomenon is most likely concerned with the regulation of water and solute loss into, and absorption from, the intercellular spaces, and with interstitial fluid circulation and lymph flow in healthy and diseased states. The value of digital rheoplethysmography in the study of the peripheral circulation was further emphasized by these observations.


From chemical reactivity to mechanical strength, crystal texture plays a central role in determining the key properties of solids. In organic electronics, texture determines the charge carrier mobility of the...


Band selection (BS) has been one of the hottest issues in the field of hyperspectral data analysis. Among the existing BS techniques, most of them are designed for classification and few of them are for target detection. In this article, we present a BS method designed specifically for target detection using sparse constrained energy minimization (CEM), named sparse constrained band selection (SCBS). SCBS is a supervised BS method embedded in CEM, which regularizes the CEM operator with a sparse constraint. Then, the sparse model is converted into a standard convex quadratic programming model where the global optimal solution can be obtained conveniently. The validation experiments show that SCBS is superior to the other compared BS methods in terms of target detection.


Over the lasts years there has been a growing interest on mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), in this network nodes are carried by people and connected to each other by multi-hop wireless links. Since the nodes can move freely, then the nodes mobility pattern became an important characteristic of the MANET. In this work we proposed a geographical routing protocol which takes forwarding decisions based on the current node's position and the its future position. To estimate the future position of the node we used a prediction method who has been based on real trajectories data. The algorithm proposed is compared with other proposed algorithms by simulation


The Constitutional History and Law of Sierra Leone (1961-1995) is a legal analysis of the complex interaction between constitutional norms and institutional and societal forces. Sierra Leone, a new Commonwealth state once regarded as a model of British parliamentary democracy in West Africa, offers both an extraordinary constitutional setting and a fertile source of material for legal analysis in that it has not escaped the wave of revolutionary change and constitutional instability that has swept the new Commonwealth after independence. In this book the author examines, from a comparative perspective, the complex interaction of constitutional standards and institutional and societal forces as a constraining influence on constitutional democracy in Sierra Leone. This book illustrates Sierra Leone's experience with one of constitutional law's most fundamental and enduring problems-the delicate relationship between its legal and political components.


The invention discloses a preserved Chinese flowering crabapple fruit and a manufacturing method thereof. The preserved Chinese flowering crabapple fruit is prepared from 80-120 weight parts of Chinese flowering crabapple fruits, 1-3 weight parts of licorice root, 20-40 weight parts of white sugar, 3-7 weight parts of table salt, 0.1-0.3 weight parts of potassium sorbate, 0.1-0.3 weight parts of complex sweet sugar, 0.01-0.02 weight parts of lemon yellow and 40-60 weight parts of water. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps of carrying out raw material selection, grading, salting, puncturing, desalination and sugaring, and adding accessory materials into the treated raw materials according to a specific ratio to obtain the preserved Chinese flowering crabapple fruit having low sugar content and a good taste. The preserved Chinese flowering crabapple fruit retains moisture in the Chinese flowering crabapple fruit. The manufacturing method has the characteristics of low sugar content, continuity, low labor and time consumption and small volume.


Objective To study the comprehensive effect of naloxone combined with salvia miltrorrhiza injection in patients with acute severe alcoholism. Methods 82 patients with acute severe alcoholism from January 2012 to December 2012 were randomly divided into control group (naloxone group,41 cases) and observation group (naloxone combined with salvia miltrorrhiza injection group, 41 cases),then the sober rate of the two groups at different time and the cardiac,liver function indexes before and after the treatment were compared. Results The observation group′s sober rate at 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h after the treatment were all higher than those of control group,cardiac and liver function indexes at 6 h after the treatment were all obviously better than those of control group, the differences were all statistically significant (P 0.05). Conclusion The comprehensive effect of naloxone combined with salvia miltrorrhiza injection in patients with acute severe alcoholism is better ,and it not only effectively promotes the clear of patients ,but also plays an active role in protecting the cardiac and liver function.


The selection of machines and their mode of operation in a given biomass technology depends on the plant species. The date and multiplicity of harvest also depend on the species of the plant and its destination. Under national conditions, energy crops are harvested in late autumn and winter when the plants are in a state of rest and have a resting vegetation. The aim of the study was to analyze the selection of biomass harvesting machines depending on the technology of growing plants belonging to solid biomass. Basic criteria were identified, which included the selection of machines for harvesting certain types of solid biomass. The selection of machines for different technologies of solid biomass harvest is made taking into account their division into groups gathering similar plants. Within the framework of the work, a flowchart of the selection of technical means for the applied technology of solid biomass collection was prepared taking into account the above division and the principles of sustainable agriculture. INTRODUCTION Machine selection and the way they are exploited in certain technology of energetic plants harvesting depend on plant species. The term and multiplicity of harvest also depend on plant species and on its purpose. It is one of the rules of sustainable agriculture. Under national conditions, plants designed for energetic purposes are harvested in late autumn and winter period, when the plants are in state of rest and their vegetation is stopped. In the period of the year appears bad weather conditions, the soil has a high moisture content, sometimes there is snow cover. For these reasons it would be advisable, that machines used in certain harvesting technologies were equipped with caterpillar track systems or wide tires. Selection of machines for different technologies of plants harvesting was made according to divide into three groups:  trees and bushes, including tree branches,  grass  perennials. BASIC RULES OF HARVESTING MACHINES COMPLETATION With consistent with the principles of sustainable agriculture choice of machine for biomass harvesting for energetic purpose, it is very important to consider a biomass production volume and owned tractor. Choice of machines and tractors should provide to accomplish the harvest of plants for energetic purpose in the most gainful term and short time. Then the number of tractors and the groups machines efficiency shouldn't be to large due to over-investment farm over the facility of it accumulation (Muzalewski 2008). In case of using tractor it's recommended to consider the tractor maximal power, which will be cooperate with biomass harvesting machines. Machines should be assort in the way which allow to used 70% to 85% nominal power of engine and about 80% of


A method is developed for decomposition of a recycle process so as to minimize the summation of weighting factors for variables torn. This procedure is based on application of dynamic programming to a state space representing combinations of cycles opened. The resulting algorithm is well suited to machine implementation and is more efficient for large problems than alternative procedures that also guarantee decomposition.


This chapter analyzes the two truths. Buddhists care deeply about getting at the truth and as a result have thought a lot about what truth is. One of the most important philosophical ideas to emerge from Buddhism is that of the two truths. Though it is more commonly known as the two truths, it could also be called the Two Realities. What is really true, not just within a set of conventions, is called ultimate truth. This does not entail that conventional truth is always bad or to be abandoned. Conventional truth can be useful as long as it does not blind one to what is really happening. This idea plays two different roles in Buddhism: One is as a philosophical idea about the nature of reality; the other is as an interpretive strategy to make sense of a variety of Buddhist texts.


15 Introduction 15 Theoretical background 16 Practical example 18 Experimental setup 19 Microinjection into termite guts 23 References 25 3 Hydrogen production and efficient recycling during symbiotic lignocellulose degradation in termites 27 Abstract 27 Introduction 27 Results 29 Discussion 37 Materials and methods 42 References 4527 Introduction 27 Results 29 Discussion 37 Materials and methods 42 References 45 4 Methane oxidation in termite hindguts – absence of evidence and evidence of absence 49 Abstract 49 Introduction 49 Results 50 Discussion 54 Materials and methods 58 References 5949 Introduction 49 Results 50 Discussion 54 Materials and methods 58 References 59 5 Expression profiles of fhs (FTHFS) genes support the hypothesis that spirochetes dominate reductive acetogenesis in the hindgut of lower termites 65 Abstract 65 Introduction 65 Results 67 Discussion 72 Materials and methods 75 References 7865 Introduction 65 Results 67 Discussion 72 Materials and methods 75 References 78 6 Supporting material 83 Hindgut metabolite pools in vivo compared to embedded guts 83 Microinjection of malate and succinate 87 Construction of polyribonucleotide probes targeting fhs-mRNA 89 References 92


【Objective】 Microbial community structure,population changes of microorganism and the quality characters of pickled vegetables were investigated,respectively,in order to elucidate the predominant microorganisms involved in pickled processing of mustard tuber under the condition of low salt concentration.【Method】 By means of 16S rDNA clone library and clone units analysis,the microbial diversity,predominant community and its changes were conducted during different fermentation phases at 5% and 7% salinity of pickled mustard tuber.【Result】 The results showed that Lactobacillus,Leuconostoc and Weissella were the predominant community at the early stage of the 5% salt concentration system,but the dominant microorganism at 7% system was Weissella hellenica.At the late phase of pickled processing,Lactobacillus plantarum played a leading role in the pickled system of mustard tuber.In addition,the pH change descended quickly at the 5% salt concentration,reached the lowest value of 3.79 within 10 days,but it reached 4.49 at 7% salt concentration within 20 days.In contrast,the population of lactic acid bacteria increased rapidly at lower salinity,which reached the 3.22×108CFU/mL at the 10th day,the total population of lactic acid bacteria was the 100 times lower compared to that of 7% salinity.The content of nitrate and nitrite in pickled product of three month preservation reached 320 mg·kg-1 and 2.9 mg·kg-1,respectively.【Conclusion】 Microbial diversity of pickled mustard tuber could be investigated by 16S rDNA clone library method.The pH value always descends until a stable level between 3.9 and 4.0.Low salt concentration is benefitical to the growth of lactic acid bacteria and the predominant species are Lactobacillus,Leuconostoc and Weissella at the early phase under the 5% salinity pickling.But the main species become Weissella hellenica at 7% salinity.The crucial microorganism is Lactobacillus plantarum in the stable periods of pickling.The content of nitrate and nitrite in pickled product is greatly lower compared with the traditional processing of pickled mustard tuber.No significant difference of other components occurred between them.


A study of the magnetostructural correlations in polynuclear complexes containing a Cu4O4 cubane structure has been carried out employing theoretical calculations based on Density Functional Theory. We have analyzed independently the magnetic properties of three different families of cubane complexes, classified according to the number of short and long Cu⋯Cu distances as 2 + 4, 4 + 2 or 6 + 0. The results indicate that coupling through four short Cu–O bridges can be from weakly ferromagnetic to strongly antiferromagnetic, while that through two or three short bridges can be from moderately ferromagnetic to weakly antiferromagnetic.


Objective To investigate the clinical rule,and to give better guide to the diagnosis,therapy and prognosis judgment for the patients suffering from gastric cancer with pyloric obstruction.Methods To summarize and analyze 78 cases suffering from gastric cancer with pyloric obstruction,according to staging TNM for gastric cancer.Results The cases in T_4N_2M_1 accounted for 64.1%.The average time of obstruction was 12.1d in grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲa,and 50.5d in grade Ⅳ,P0.01.A mass was felt over upper abdomen in 35 cases,among them 34 patients were in grade Ⅳ and one in grade Ⅲb.Conclusion Pyloric obstruction may promote advance of gastric cancer.The longer the time of obstruction was,the more possible gastric cancer advanced to later period.Most of patients can be grade Ⅳ of gastric cancer if the time of pyloric obstruction is more than one month,or if a mass may be felt over upper abdomen.An operation should be performed as soon as possible so that pyloric obstruction can be relieved,in order to prolong patients′ life.


The aim of this randomized double-blinded study was to evaluate the enamel surface roughness and color change after one month of whitening toothpaste use and the color stability obtained 1 month after its interruption. 30 volunteers were divided into 3 groups (n = 10) corresponding to the dentifrices: 1) Colgate Total 12 Clean Mint (TD) (Control), 2) Colgate Luminous White (LW) and 3) Sensodyne Whitening Extra Fresh (SB). The volunteers were impression with addition silicone to obtain an epoxy resin replica of the upper central incisor for the initial surface roughness evaluation using a profilometer and the initial color of the incisors and canines was evaluated with a spectrophotometer after one week of wash-out. After 1 month, the color of the central incisors and canines was measured again, and the volunteers were molded to obtain a second replica to the final roughness analysis. Data were submitted to ANOVA-one way (p≤0.05). The results showed that there was no statistical difference between the dentifrices for color difference and surface roughness for all the studied conditions. It was possible to conclude that the whitening dentifrices used in this study were not able to alter the initial color of the teeth and did not cause changes in the surface roughness of enamel.


This study aims to determine the effectiveness of ZIS funds in the field of education at LAZISMU Surabaya City. The research method used in this study was descriptive qualitative with a research strategy using case studies. Data collection carried out in this study is by observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques were by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that ZIS funds managed by LAZISMU are effective, including input standards, process standards and output standards. To help the educational sector, LAZISMU needs to increase educational scholarship funds.


This work focuses on the fine-line patterning of benzocyclobutene (BCB), a silicon containing, thermoset polymer for potential application as an interlayer dielectric (ILD) in multilevel metallization. Etch rates for BCB have been determined in p asmas containing mixtures of O 2 and CF 4 . Conditions needed to optimize the patternability of BCB have been determined with respect to etch rates and trench sidewall profiles. A trilevel system consisting of an imaging layer, a barrier layer (hard mask), and the polymer ILD has been employed to fabricate submicron trenches and inlayed structures of the dual damascene type. Effects of plasma treatment on the surface of BCB are also reported.


The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cleaning agent for contact lenses that is easy to handle and exhibits an excellent cleaning effect against dirtiness caused by oily ingredients adhering to the surface of the contact lenses, specifically oily dirtiness caused by the adherence of eye makeup and the like (cosmetic dirtiness), when compared to conventional non-abrasive cleaning agents for contact lenses suited to cleaning by scrubbing. The purpose is achieved by providing a gelatinous cleaning agent for contact lenses that is characterized by containing polyether-modified silicone oil, a solubilizing agent, and a gelling agent.


Landing maneuvers in flies are complex behaviors that may be conceptually decomposed into a sequence of modular behaviors such as body deceleration, extension of legs, and body rotations which are coordinated to ensure controlled touchdown. The composite nature of these behaviors means that there is variability in the kinematics of landing maneuvers, making it difficult to identify the general rules that govern this behavior. Many previous studies have relied on tethered preparations to study landing behaviors, but tethering constrains some behavioral modules to operate in an open feedback control loop while others remain in closed-loop, thereby inducing experimental artefacts. On the other hand, freely flying insects are hard to precisely control, which may also increase behavioral variability. One approach towards understanding the general rules underlying landing behavior is to determine the common elements of landing kinematics on surfaces that are oriented in different ways. We conducted a series of experiments in which the houseflies, Musca Domestica, were lured to specific visual targets on either vertical or inverted horizontal substrates. These conditions elicited landing behaviors in the flies that could be captured accurately using multiple high-speed video cameras. We filmed the houseflies landing on surfaces oriented along two directions: vertical (vertical landings), and upside down (inverted landings). Our experiments reveal that flies that are able to land feet-first in a controlled manner must satisfy specific criteria, failing which their landing performance is compromised causing their heads to bump into the surface during landing. Flies landing smoothly on both surfaces initiate deceleration at approximately fixed distances from the substrate and in direct proportion to the component of flight velocity normal to the landing surface. The ratio of perpendicular distance to the substrate and velocity at the onset of deceleration was conserved, despite the large differences in the mechanics of the vertical vs. inverted landings. Flies extend their legs independently of distance from the landing surface or their approach velocity normal to the surface, regardless of the orientation of the landing substrate. Together, these results show that the visual initiation of deceleration is robust to orientation of the landing surface, whereas the initiation of leg-extension may be context-dependent and variable which allows flies to land on substrates of various orientations in a versatile manner. These findings may also be of interest to roboticists that are interested in developing flapping robots that can land on surfaces of different orientations.


Thinking creative is a thinking process which to produce kinds of idea possibility and the way widely and many to completed a problem, when applied thinking creative, will produce many useful ideas to find the resolver. Creative connects with finding something, about the thing that produces something new with using something that has been there. Research methods will use is descriptive qualitative. As for the sample in this research are seventh grade with high ability, medium and low in Kabupaten Bandung Barat. For the instrument test thinking, the creative ability will deliver to students are five question and following with interview in each student. Then, the results obtained was the level of their thinking creative ability according to their writing test and results of the interview with the low-level students. Next, this research is parts of my research paper will be careful.


The operation and performance of a 45-kw electronbeam multichamber furnace are described. By using the multichamber principle in combination with established vacuum techniques and electron-optical methods, electron beam melting is achieved for the first time in which, even with strong outgassing of the charge, both the beam energy and contour remain completely constant. Measurements show that the pressure in the furnace vessel should reach values of 3 x 10/sup -2/ Torr without the pressure in the beam chamber exceeding the pressure of 10/sup -4/ Torr, which is critical for stable operation. These improvements open up the electron-beam melting process, which was formerly limited to a few high-melting metals, to the wide range of strong gas-adsorbing metals and other gas-adsorbing materials and mixtures. The furnace construction is so arranged that it can also be used when provided with simple attachments for alloying, casting, sintering, vaporization, or welding of metals in high vacuum. The process embodied in this apparatus has the further advantages of highest purity, convenient current and currentdensity regulation, simple construction, and the efficient use of electricity of the furnace and its feed mechanism. A related finding that would be of interest in the field of electron physics was reported.more » An electron filament beam was produced which had a current of almost 1 amp and a 2.5-mm diameter. (tr-auth)« less


Prior studies of ethanol location rest on the assumption that ethanol producers are economic free agents—evaluating sites as if all counties are contenders for their business, weighing the availability of feedstocks along with their infrastructure needs, operating without ties to localities, and being subject to enticement from policy incentives. We analyze the political-economic process through which ethanol plants come into communities by examining plant location decisions, plant financing, community receptivity toward the plant, local government incentives, and the dynamics of the approval process. We use case studies of ethanol plants in Wisconsin to explore the economic, social, and political dynamics of ethanol plant location. Our case studies provide evidence in support of some findings in the ethanol location literature—such as the importance of access to corn; however, they also suggest site selection criteria not adequately addressed by the literature. Furthermore, our data suggest that capital may not be as mobile as location theory assumes it to be and that location decisions are not primarily determined by consideration of profit maximization. Instead, the location of ethanol plants is greatly influenced by the extent to which the original initiators of the plant are locally embedded in its host community. Our research answers Barkley and McNamara's (1994:45) call for a return to a case studies approach in order to develop "reliable insights into the location process."


Log-normal and log-logistic distributions are often used to analyze lifetime data. For certain ranges of the parameters, the shape of the probability density functions or the hazard functions can be very similar in nature. It might be very difficult to discriminate between the two distribution functions. In this article, we consider the discrimination procedure between the two distribution functions. We use the ratio of maximized likelihood for discrimination purposes. The asymptotic properties of the proposed criterion are investigated. It is observed that the asymptotic distributions are independent of the unknown parameters. The asymptotic distributions are used to determine the minimum sample size needed to discriminate between these two distribution functions for a user specified probability of correct selection. We perform some simulation experiments to see how the asymptotic results work for small sizes. For illustrative purpose, two data sets are analyzed.


This paper combines zero phase error tacking controller and disturbance observer and proposes the robust designing method suitable for high performance CNC system. Further, features associated with the controller is discussed. Finally, simulation results show that the approach has the potential to improve the tacking performance.


The business game methodology is applied for the best universities in the world and has been improved itself throughout the years. Using simulated backgrounds, the players live some experiences that could live in their professional future and take decisions to have success in the game. As all research stream, business game's evolution not only has to prove your methods and benefits, but also has to know your criticisms. This paper studies these criticisms about the teaching model, specifically the fact that a round of decisions forces the student to take a decision, without he or she realized the real necessity of it. A business game literature review is needed so, and also about some parallel themes that could increase the knowledge and identify news alternatives for the criticisms, mainly about the role-playing-games method characteristics, proposing a new direction for the following researches focusing the improvement of the learning based in games.


PURPOSE: To provide the new derivatives comprising conjugates of modified vasoacitive intestinal peptides having specific amino acid sequences, which can be transdermally administered for enhancing virility and penile erection used for ointment compositions for treating penile atrophy or the like. CONSTITUTION: Solid phase method of Merrifield is applied and using methyl benzhydryl amine resin as phase carrier, the amino acid derivatives protected by the above carrier is combined one after another in accordance with the amino acid sequences of peptides by a codensing agent such as N,N- dicyclohexylcarbodimide or the like thereby forming vasoacitive intestinal peptide chains. Removing therefrom t-butyloxycarbonyl group of N-terminal by 50% trifluoro acetic acid in CH 2 Cl 2 and after allowing stearic acid to combine thereto in the presence of a condensing agent, de-protection of protecting groups and separation of peptides from resin are carried out, thus obtaining the conjugates of modified vasoacitive intestinal peptides having the formula [wherein R 1 , R 2 are each H, lipophilic group, 1-4C hydrocarbon or the like; Y 1 , Y 2 are each CH 2 , CO; X 1 to X 3 are each (non)natural amino acid residual group or the like]. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the presence of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) as a negative predictor of anti‐PD‐1 antibody efficacy.


An active disturbance rejection synchronous control is proposed for hydraulic servo position systems on driving side and operating side of a rolling mill to deal with the asynchronous pressing down positions due to uncertainties and inconformity between position systems on both sides. The quality of strip thickness and shape are impaired by the asynchronous hydraulic cylinder displacements on two sides. The dynamical mechanism model of the hydraulic servo synchronous system is built. Considering internal parameters variation and external load force fluctuation existing in the systems on both sides, we design an extended state observer to estimate the total uncertainties and inconformity of the synchronous system, and employ a state error feedback law to compensate the total disturbance actively for eliminating the synchronous error. A simulation is carried out on the hydraulic servo system of an 1850 mm reversible aluminum cold rolling mill, and an experiment is conducted on the hydraulic servo synchronous system of a 400 mm reversible cold strip mill for investigating the active disturbance rejection synchronous control. The results validate the controller ability in keeping the same dynamic response and steady state characteristics of driving side position system with that on the operating side, and demonstrate the improvement on the dynamic performance and the robustness of subsystems.


Saponin content and antioxidant activity of three major Indian varieties, i.e., Punjab long, Hardee and Kalitur were analyzed. These contained 80.4 g/kg, 49.8 g/kg and 119.7 g/kg saponin in soyflour, respectively. The black variety 'Kalitur' showed a higher saponin content and antioxidant activity as compared to the other two yellow varieties. Saponins A and B were present as major saponins. Effect of different processing conditions on soysaponin content of soybean cake were evaluated. A variety of commonly prevalent processing practices including boiling, soaking, sprouting and drying were included. The saponin content reduced on boiling and defattening. Soaking and sprouting under 50 o C temperature increased the saponin content. Saponins exhibited significant antioxidant activity which can be attributed to saponins A and B.


In the above titled paper (ibid., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 225-232, June 2012), Fig. 1 did not appear correctly. The corrected Fig. 1 is presented here.


The invention relates to a bamboo-wood sawdust pet clustering padding material. The bamboo-wood sawdust pet clustering padding material is prepared from, by weight, 80-90 parts of bamboo sawdust or wood sawdust, 10-20 parts of an adhesive, 3-5 parts of bamboo vinegar or wood vinegar and 50-100 parts of water, the formed particle padding material is light yellow or yellow or brown yellow, and the particle size is 1-8 mm. Aromatic wood sawdust of pine wood, Chinese fir wood and camphorwood is adopted as the wood sawdust. The particle size of the bamboo sawdust or wood sawdust is 60-80 mesh. At least one of sodium alginate, guar gum, food-grade polypropylene, starch, a lignin adhesive and a protein adhesive is adopted as the adhesive, and the adhesive is solid and needs to be ground into 100-120-mesh powder. The bamboo vinegar or wood vinegar is a scorched flavor removing type. According to the bamboo-wood sawdust pet clustering padding material, the adopted bamboo sawdust or wood sawdust are both waste obtained after natural wood processing, the adhesive is in a food grade, the padding material can serve as organic fertilizer to be completely and naturally biodegraded after being used, and therefore the padding material can be directly flushed into a sewer without blocking the sewer; the padding material is green and environmentally friendly.


The article titled "Ginkgo: A Modern Linear Operator Algebra Framework for High Performance Computing" by Anzt et al. presents a modern, linear operator centric, C++ library for sparse linear algebra. Experimental results in the article demonstrate that Ginkgo is a flexible and user-friendly framework capable of achieving high-performance on state-of-the-art GPU architectures. In this report, the Ginkgo library is installed and a subset of the experimental results are reproduced. Specifically, the experiment that shows the achieved memory bandwidth of the Ginkgo Krylov linear solvers on NVIDIA A100 and AMD MI100 GPUs is redone and the results are compared to what presented in the published article. Upon completion of the comparison, the published results are deemed reproducible.


In a few hours on a standard laptop, AA-CLP MD correctly reproduces the thermodynamic properties of bulk liquids and provides information on the nanoscale dynamics of liquid nanoclusters.


Do you want Van Gogh to paint your selfie? Using a technique called style transfer, you may be able to. Style transfer is a group of software algorithms that change the aesthetic and style of an image to match that of a target image. We decided to tackle the problem of style transfer since we are very interested in topics which synthesize the arts with computer technology. We were also inspired by the neural-style repository on GitHub created by Dr. Justin Johnson [1] and thought that changing the styles of images to an aesthetic which resembled some of the most famous paintings to be a very intriguing concept. This problem is fascinating since it opens up an opportunity to create digital art through the use of machine learning. This problem can be extended to programs that make their own art and visualize their own worlds. We are building off of many already-existing methods for style transfer. For instance, the paper "A Neural Algorithm of Artistic Style" [2] is one of the most well known style transfers that uses an optimization based style transfer. Other examples include the paper "Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation using Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks" [3] which uses a CycleGAN to transfer the style between unpaired sets of images. For this project, we decided to implement the adaptive instance normalization (AdaIN) style transfer method proposed by Huang et al. [4]. We also implemented the well-known optimization technique proposed by Gatys et al. [2] to compare and contrast the results. The AdaIN style transfer method is an arbitrary style transfer method, meaning it trains on a set of images to "remember" styles so that it can apply an arbitrary style to an image after it is trained. The method involves using a pre-trained encoder to extract style and content features, and then the AdaIN formula to shift the statistics of the content image to match the statistics of the style image. It is then passed through a decoder, which is trained to produce the content image with the style image's style transferred to it.


In the mid‐latitudes, the strongly meandering jet stream has contributed to worldwide weather patterns and climate variations. However, the shape variations of the jet and its climatic impacts remain unclear. In this study, we introduced an ellipse‐fitting technique to fit the high‐value wind speeds and identified the location, shape, and strength variations of the winter‐averaged North Pacific jet (NPJ). Particularly, this method has the advantage of objectively detecting the shape variations of the NPJ, including the area and orientation. Focused on the NPJ shape, the area and orientation variations are generally out‐of‐phase, leading to a large‐straight jet and a small‐tilted jet. The shape variation of the NPJ is highly linked to the variations in both mean and extreme temperatures in winter over East Asia and North America. Associated with the small‐tilted NPJ, northern East Asia and northern North America frequently suffer from warm and cold events in winter, respectively, while associated with the large‐straight NPJ, the patterns are almost opposite but with an asymmetric distribution to the small‐tilted NPJ. The distribution of the 300 hPa wind speed anomalies shows a spatial‐asymmetric feature at the exit and entrance of the NPJ. Large positive (negative) anomalies and the poleward (equatorward) shift at the NPJ exit and locations downstream (170°E−140°W) act in combination on the formation and maintenance of the large‐straight (small‐tilted) jet, which may be strongly connected with the sea surface temperature variations and synoptic‐scale transient eddy activities there. Our findings would be helpful in providing potential indicators of temperature variations.


Abstract Alkanolamine derivatives of general formula (1) have been claimed as beta-adrenergic blocking agents. They are prepared by treatment of the oxime derivatives (2) or (3) with a primary amine, or by reaction of the formyl derivatives (4) with a hydroxylamine. The intermediates (2) and (3) are readily prepared from the epoxides (5) by standard procedures. We have recently re-examined the reaction of the epoxides (5) with primary amines as a route to the formyl intermediates (4).


The purpose of the work is to study the main directions of the difference between the new approach in the development of information infrastructure from the traditional approach, as well as the feasibility of creating a single front-end information platform that would combine mobile banking technology, personal finance management and control combined with supervisory functions to ensure the monetization of information infrastructure products of the credit and financial sector. The research suggests the substantiation of the following assumption: the formation of a global financial ecosystem based on the big data bank is impossible today without the creation of joint projects and partnerships in the conditions of constant interaction and fruitful cooperation on the exchange of customer experience and technological solutions. One of these solutions may be the creation of a single front-end information platform (SFIP). The scientific novelty of the study is to substantiate the idea that the formation of a global financial ecosystem based on the big data bank is impossible today without the creation of joint projects and partnerships. © 2019 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


Green debt is viewed as one of the youngest segments on the global financial market. Green bonds were defined as fixed-income securities, issued in order to obtain the capital for further financing or refinancing of undertakings contributing to the improvement of natural environment. In other words, to develop economy which is low-carbon and resistant to climate changes. They are relatively recent instruments, which have quickly become a substantial part of the dynamic ecological trend on the financial market. The research objective of the article is to identify the factors determining the development of the green bonds market. It is reasonable to systematize the stimuli of the evolution of this process, as the green bonds potential has not been fully utilized yet. Research methods applied were: critical analysis of the subject literature as well as reports on green bonds, data analysis from international ecological financial market, inductive method and the author's own didactical material containing the case studies of five selected issuances of green bonds. The studies on subject literature were supplemented by an in-depth observation of how dynamically the green bonds market was developing in years 2012–2017. The outcome of the research: basic determinants of ecological bonds refer to demand, supply as well as realities and predictions regarding the functioning of the market. The research process confirmed that green bonds constitute a prospective dimension of the global debt market. It should be underlined, however, that if the environmental bonds segment is to develop rapidly, it is necessary to remove any barriers hindering its advancement, including low ecological awareness among the society or, in some cases, the country's passivity towards pro-environmental policies.


In this paper, poly-p-phenylene terephthamide(PPTA) resin was dissolved in methanesulfonic acid(MSA) to form PPTA/MSA solution for the first time. The properties of the solution was studied and PPTA pulp was made through precipitation method. The dissolving process of PPTA was observed under polarizing microscope(POM) and the stability of PPTA in MSA was analyzed through the change of inherent viscosity with time. The specific surface area, degree of crystallinity and thermal performance of PPTA pulp was studied by specific surface area analyzer, X-ray diffraction(XRD) and thermogravimetic analysis(TGA). The result showed that PPTA resin can be mixed uniformly with MSA and form stable solution when the weight fraction is low. The performance of PPTA pulp made from PPTA/MSA solution is better than that of PPTA/concentrated sulfuric acid solution.


Good morning ladies and gentlemen. Mesdames et Messieurs, bonjour. C'est avec grand plaisir que je vous adresse la parole, meme it distance, it I'occasion de la 31e reunion annuelle de la International Association of Law Librarians. While other commitments prevent me from joining you in person this morning at the IALL's 31st Annual Course, I am very pleased to have the opportunity to address you remotely thanks to modern technology. As Chief Justice of Canada, I bring greetings on behalf of the Supreme Court of Canada and the Canadian judiciary generally. En tant que juge en chef du Canada, je vous salue au nom de la Cour supreme du Canada et la magistrature canadienne.


By using laser-induced Raman spectrum technology, we researched the spectrum characteristic of relative normal human, atrophic gastritis and stomach cancer spectra except esophagus cancer. The intensity of each of three sharp peaks (A, B and C) can characterize all peak was different in different spectrum. And we differentiated the spectrum of these three cases. A notable difference is that the intensity of peak C excited by 488.0 nm is higher than excited by 514.5 nm in spectrum of stomach cancer, whereas lower in other cases. We utilized it as a criterion and got an accuracy of 80.77% in stomach cancer detection. Results showed that it is available of detection of stomach cancer and pre-stomach cancer.


Background  Interferon (IFN)‐γ appears to be an important hair cycle modulator in mice. It is unclear whether it has similar hair growth modulatory functions in human hair follicles.


We present a detailed theoretical analysis of the local radio emission at the lower part of the solar atmosphere. To accomplish this, we have used a numerical code to simulate the emission and transport of high-frequency electromagnetic waves from 2 GHz up to 10 THz. As initial conditions, we used VALC, SEL05, and C7 solar chromospheric models. In this way, the generated synthetic spectra allow us to study the local emission and absorption processes with high resolution in both altitude and frequency. Associated with the temperature minimum predicted by these models, we found that the local optical depth at millimeter wavelengths remains constant, producing an optically thin layer that is surrounded by two layers of high local emission. We call this structure the Chromospheric Solar Millimeter-wave Cavity (CSMC). The temperature profile, which features temperature minimum layers and a subsequent temperature rise, produces the CSMC phenomenon. The CSMC shows the complexity of the relation between the theoretical temperature profile and the observed brightness temperature and may help us to understand the dispersion of the observed brightness temperature in the millimeter wavelength range.


In addition to the extensively-studied problems in inverse optics, such as inverse scattering and phase reconstruction, there are some other problems that may be included in this field of study, the determination of grain size distribution in a silver emulsion is one of these. A microdensitometer is needed for the determination. The statistical properties of the emulsion transmittance T(x,y) are derived from that of the "combined" transmittance Ta(x4y) of the emulsion with the aperture function of the microdensitometer.


The safety of a bolted connection, as one of the most common ways of making two or more parts/components work together in engineering structures, is very important in order to ensure the health of the whole structure. However, bolt loosening or pre-load degradation may induce the failure of the bolt connection, threatening the normal operation of the system's structure. As a result, it would be beneficial if the health condition of the bolt connection could be monitored in real time. In this paper, a 'smart washer', fabricated by embedding a piezoceramic patch into two pre-machined flat metal rings, was invented and then introduced as a transducer to detect the looseness of a bolted connection. A simple specimen, which consists of two steel plates connected by a nut, a bolt and two smart washers, was fabricated as the test object to study the performance of the 'smart washers' (SWs). For the specimen, a smart washer was used as an actuator to generate a stress wave, and the other one was used as a sensor to detect the propagated wave that traveled through the interface of the bolted connection. A time reversal method was employed to quantify the energy of the stress wave propagating between the two washers, and thus it was possible to build a relationship between the extent of any pre-loaded degradation of the bolt connection and the response signal of the stress wave traveling between the two washers. In addition, a normalized bolt looseness index was proposed for evaluating the looseness of a bolt connection based on wavelet energy analysis.


Diffusion behavior of some metallic fission products in high-temperature reactor fuel elements, which had been irradiated in an in-pile gas loop (Saphir) installed in the Pegase reactor (France), was studied. Diffusion coefficients of cesium and silver in hightemperature isotropic pyrolytic carbon and graphite matrix under in-pile conditions were obtained by analyzing the concentration profiles of the fission products in the fuel elements, which had been measured by postirradiation examination. Although ruthenium profiles were measured, analysis of the diffusion coefficients could not be carried out because of the virtually flat distributions. By comparing the concentrations of the cesium isotopes in the fuel-free zone of the elements, it was found that TUCs behaved anomalously in the graphite matrix, which was, probably, caused by activation of an undetectable amount of TTCs impurity involved in the matrix. For the extremely high concentration of these fission products, which had been observed near the surface of the element, two causes, the uranium contamination concentrating there and the trapping effect in the defects introduced by fission of the locally concentrated uranium, were considered, although these high concentrations of the fission products were neglected in the analysis. Furthermore, Transport behavior of the fission products through the gas gapmore » from the fuel element to the graphite tube containing the elements was studied by measuring the concentration profiles in the tube. It was concluded that ruthenium transport occurred by direct fission recoil from the surface uranium contamination, whereas that of cesium, by desorption from the surface.« less


Abstract : Past research has demonstrated that steel stud walls can perform well when subjected to large blast events. The construction methods needed to achieve good performance that take advantage of the inherent ductility offered by steel, however, have been costly and have often required the use of specialized connection details that allow a stud to reach its full flexural and/or tensile capacities prior to connection failure. The goal of the current study is to develop techniques for mitigating large blast loads acting against steel stud walls using conventional construction materials and techniques. Two issues of concern for the current research are: 1) the performance under blast loads of typical connections, either commercial clips or the standard screwed-stud-to-track, has yet to be fully examined, and 2) current methods of design do not incorporate the mechanical interaction of veneer layers for potentially increasing the blast resistance of steel stud walls. To better understand the role played by connection design details and wall system construction details, research for this project includes laboratory testing, field testing, and computational modeling. In this paper, the authors provide an overview of the research program and a summary of the findings that have been developed to date. From the data collected during this project, designs that exhibit a balance of simplistic, economic, and adequate protection will be developed.


Fits a generalised linear (linear, logistic) or Cox survival model, penalised with adaptive co-data learnt ridge penalties. The ridge penalties correspond to normal prior variances which are regressed on (multiple) co-data sources, e.g. for categorical co-data, each group of variables obtains a group-specific ridge penalty. Co-data weights are estimated with an empirical Bayes method of moments, penalised with an extra level of hypershrinkage and possibly constrained by linear constraints. Various types of hypershrinkage may be used for various co-data, including overlapping groups, hierarchical groups and continuous co-data. P-splines may be used to estimate the relation between the prior variance and continuous co-data variables. This may be combined with linear constraints to estimate shape-constrained functions.


W it comes to manipulation and exploitation, parasites are the professionals. From hairworms that induce their grasshopper hosts to commit suicide, to wasp larvae that change the way spiders build their webs, these generally miniscule creatures can have sizeable effects on the behavior of other organisms. One such extraordinary parasite is the protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii. While the only host in which it can reproduce is the cat, T. gondii can be carried by the vast majority of warm-blooded animals and may even dramatically alter their hosts' behavior. Some experiments on rats, for example, have concluded that parasite-infected rats display a fatal attraction to their feline enemies (1). Interestingly, these studies have prompted questions about T. gondii's influence on humans, as the parasite has been found to infect humans ranging from 22% infection rate in the U.K. to 84% in France (1). While the infection only has seriously damaging consequences on those with compromised immune systems – such as fetuses, the elderly, and HIV patients – some research have linked the parasite to symptoms of schizophrenia, changes in IQ, and altered personality. Recently, vaccination strategies have been discussed in the prevention of toxoplasmosis, and perhaps this is necessary. These tiny protozoans may be more mischievous than we think. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention reports that more than 60 million people in the United States may be infected with T. gondii. Contamination may happen in a number of ways, including ingestion of food or water that may contain feces of infected cats, or ingestion of raw or undercooked meat. Most people infected with T. gondii are unaware of it. However, individuals with compromised immune systems may experience severe symptoms, including damage to the brain, eyes or other organs. Infants may be born with severe toxoplasmosis if their mothers were infected with the parasite during or shortly before pregnancy. In fact, women are encouraged to get tested for T. gondii exposure if they By Karolina Lempert "It is amazing that a single-celled organism is capable of such selfishness; its ends, like those of all of nature, are survival and reproduction, and it will do all it can to achieve them."


In this article the author describes the role of colleges in specialists' training. The article determines some problems and tasks of vocational education. It describes different ways of interaction between colleges and universities in solving mutual problems.


Intense synchrotron radiation from high power wiggler sources has long been a difficult high-heat-load problem to the design of properly cooled x-ray optics. Large, high power and very intense beams thermally distort crystal optics, reducing throughput and broadening rocking curves. An internally cooled silicon monochromator has been fabricated which demonstrated the capability of diffracting wiggler radiation of unprecedented power without significant degradation of the beam. Cooling water flows through rectangular cooling channels 1 mm wide, 1 mm below the diffracting surface, fed by a manifold bonded to the underside of the diffracting crystal. A novel silver diffusion bond was used to ensure leak-tight UHV performance. Recent test results at wiggler station F2 show a linear behavior of the x-ray flux with increasing storage ring current up to a total power of 3 kW and a peak surface power density of 5 W/mm2. The improved monochromator has led to an increase of x-ray flux by a factor of six over previo...


Exact metrics on some totally geodesic submanifolds of the moduli space of static hyperbolic N-vortices are derived. These submanifolds, denoted as Σn,m, are spaces of Cn-invariant vortex configurations with n single vortices at the vertices of a regular polygon and m=N−n coincident vortices at the polygon's center. The geometric properties of Σn,m are investigated, and it is found that Σn,n−1 is isometric to the hyperbolic plane of curvature −(3πn)−1. The geodesic flow on Σn,m and a geometrically natural variant of geodesic flow recently proposed by Collie and Tong ["The dynamics of Chern-Simons vortices," Phys. Rev. D Part. Fields Gravit. Cosmol. 78, 065013 (2008);e-print arXiv:hep-th/0805.0602] are analyzed in detail.


Introduction and Objective: Hanging is a form of violent asphyxial death. It produces painless death for the victims so that it is a widely accepted method of suicide. The rate of suicidal hanging cases is increasing day by day. The Objective of study is to find out demography of hanging, its distribution according to age group, sex, most common ligature material used by victim and observed post-mortem findings and in this way try to identify the causative factors and developing the preventive measures that are essential to reduce death due to hanging. Material and Methods: A retrospective study of hanging cases reported to mortuary of Vadilal Sarabhai General Hospital, Ahmedabad during a period of 2 years, (from November 2009 to October 2011) is carried out. Results: Out of total 2244 cases of post-mortem during 2 years, 74 (3.29%) were hanging cases. Maximum cases 34 (45.94%) of death due to hanging seen in age group 21-30 years. Majority of cases 46 (62.16%) were observed in Males. Majority of victims have used Dupatta, 40 (54.05%) as a ligature material. Manner of death is suicide in all cases. Cyanosis, salivary marks and petechial hemorrhage in brain observed in variable number of cases. Conclusion: Suicide by Hanging has become very common now a days. A well designed and comprehensive programme is needed to identify the causative factor and prevention of suicidal hanging. Appropriate education, reducing unemployment, improving the quality of self esteem and involvement of young generation in encouraging activities may reduce rate of death due to hanging.


ABSTRACT A hand-fed, single-row, leafy-vegetable seedling block transplanter has been modified to use cylindrical seedling blocks, 5.1 cm in height and 5.1 cm in diameter. A seedling block tray and feeding mechanism were add-ed to eliminate hand feeding. Field testing of the improv-ed equipment gave satisfactory results.


Background. Preventing transmission of infectious disease through blood transfusion presents one of the greatest challenges of transfusion medicine. All donations are monitored for syphilis since 1960, hepatitis B (HBsAg) since 1970, aids (anti HIV) since 1986 and hepatitis C (anti-HCV) since 1993. After introducing a donor questionnaire in 1994, we started to test all donors with a history of hepatitis for anti-HBc, antiHBs antibodies, and antibodies against hepatitis A (anti-HAV). Methods. Data on donors were found in the Datec computer program which is commonly used in all transfusion institutions in Slovenia. Results. Among 43,000 registered donors, 764 (1.78%) had a history of hepatitis. After testing, we found 666 of them positive (87.2%) for hepatitis A or B antibodies. 654 (85.6%) donors had hepatitis A antibodies and 98 (12.8%) had anti-HBc antibodies. Among these 98, 30 donors (30.6%) had no anti-HBs antibodies. 86 donors (11%) had antibodies against hepatitis A and B. Conclusions. After additional testing of donors for hepatitis B antibodies, we excluded 30 (0.069%) HBsAg negative, antiHBc positive and anti-HBs negative donors with history of hepatitis.


TWO-WEEK LOAN CO Y This is a Library Circulating Copy wh may borrowed two weeks. For a personal retention copy~ call Tech. Info. Division; Ext. 6782.


A method and a device for detecting the generation point of elastic wave in investigating the elastic wave are provided to increase the effect of exploration work by excluding a trigger line for transmitting a trigger signal generated from a transmission source, to a recording device. A method for detecting the generation point of elastic wave in investigating the elastic wave is composed of steps for installing a receiver array at a receiver source and the position adjacent to a transmission source(100); installing a multi-channel cable for connecting the receiver array to a multi-channel data collecting and recording device(200); recording a signal received through the specific channel from a receiver adjacent to the transmission source when the transmission source generates the elastic wave, in the multi-channel data collecting and recording device as a trigger signal(300); and receiving the refracted or reflected elastic wave signal received through the channel from the receiver installed at the receiving source, by operating a channel exchanger of the multi-channel data collecting and recording device and recording the received signal(400).


This study deals with wood density and static bending boards property of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Den. It was conducted using standardized, defect-free test specimens. Boards of air drying showed lowest value (749.117 kg/cm²) of static bending when compared with kiln (812.267kg/cm²) and solar (815.267kg/cm²) drying respectively, whereas, the quarter sawing boards recorded the lowest rates (586.633kg/cm²) when compared with flat sawn boards (1008.467kg/cm²), Also 2cm thickness level achieved the lowest rate (747.367kg/cm²) when compared with other two levels 4cm (812.650 kg/cm²) and 6cm (837.633kg/cm²) of thickness. But, there were no any significant effects of wood density on the studied factors. E. camaldulensis in Kurdistan Region of Iraq has potential for traditional uses and by itself it can be harvested by applying suitable techniques at plantation areas, in saw mills and drying for utilization.


Background: Many kinds of energy device (ED) recently are developed. Not much, however, has been done to clarify how the laparoscopic liver resection would be perfomed using with ED frugally, and safely. Method: We performed 22 laparoscopic minor hepatectomies using with a radiofrequency bipolar coagulation (RFBC) and an ultrasonic dissection (US). Under 10mmH 2 O intraabdominal pressure, hepatic parenchyma was coagulated and Glisson's sheath was sealed using RFBC via thre/four trocars stabbed. After the coagulation/seal, hepatic parenchyma was cut using US. The coagulation/seal and dissection were operated alternately, and the liver resection was performed. On the viewpoint of the ED used, we analyzed number of ED used, operation time, blood loss, postoperative complication, and days in hospital. Results: The mean operative time of the present method with RFBC/US was 172 minutes, the mean blood loss was 95cc, and the mean days in hospital were 8.7 days. No patient had postoperative com-plication. There was no significant difference between the other kinds of combination such as a microwave coagulation (MW)/RFBC, and MW/an ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA). Conclusion: Apply of two EDs, which is the combination of coagulative sealer and coagulative dissec-tor (e.g., RFBC/US), would contribute to skillful and safe laparoscopic hepatectomy.


Aging, renal pathology (eg SLE, ADPKD), X-ray exposition and pharmacological treatments, especially previous immunosuppressives, may negatively influence the ovarian reserve in childbearing age women. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is regarded as biomarker for ovarian reserve. The aim was to assess influence of immunosuppressive therapy, X-ray exposition and renal pathology on ovarian in female patients with normal menstrual cycle and chronic kidney disease, including kidney transplant recipients.

 Consecutive premenopausal females visiting renal outpatient setting at university hospital who gave informed consent and met exclusion criteria (past ovarian surgical procedure, PCOS, eGFR <30ml/min, diabetes) were enrolled in cross-sectional study. Clinical (renal pathology, smoking, X-rays exposition, eGFR standardized MDRD4, contraceptives) and demographic characteristics, as well as previous and current therapies were recorded. Serum AMH levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; AMH levels were classified as low or normal/above age-adjusted reference levels (published norms).

 In cohort of consecutive 153 premenopausal females (mean age 32,2 y.,range 18-45), 83 (54,2%) were treated recently with antiproliferation immunosuppressive regimen (mycophenolate/azathioprine/methotrexate) and 39 (25,5%) had received cyclophosphamide (CYC) in the past. Median eGFR was 68,5 (IQR 54, 82) ml/min/1.73m2 and renal pathology were as follows glomerulonephritis (n=75), lupus nephritis (n=42), ADPKD (n=6), interstitial (n=5), vasculitis (n=7), other/unknown (n=18). 55 patients were kidney transplant recipients.
 Median AMH concentration was 2,9 ng/ml (IQR 1,0 ; 5,2); AMH levels were classified in 45 females as low (median 0,64 IQR 0,05; 1,84) and in 108 as normal/above age-adjusted reference (median 4 IQR 2,1; 5,9). AMH levels did not differ between patients treated with or without antiproliferation immunosuppressives (2.6 IQR 0,9; 5,0  vs. 3.2  IQR 1,1; 5,2 ng/ml, p=0.33) or as well as between being kidney transplant recipients or not (2.72  IQR 0,8; 4,0 vs. 3,0 IQR 1,15; 5,0 ng/ml, p=0.08).
 Referring to CYC exposition, AMH levels were lower in females treated with CYC regardless of reason (1.1 ± 1.4 ng/ml vs. 3.2 ± 2 ng/ml, p=0.003). Linking AHA level with renal disease, only lupus patients showed low age-adjusted AMH levels ( 18/42 – 43%), especially with history of CYC exposition (11 of 18 with low level). Significant negative correlation was found between AMH level and age (r -0,45, p< 0,0001), and very weak with eGFR (r 0,2, p=0,005).

 Almost 1/3 of studied childbearing age women with chronic kidney disease (eGFR >30) showed a reduction of the ovarian reserve. It was associated with underlying disease (lupus), cyclophosphamide treatment but not with cumulative X-ray exposition, contraceptives or smoking. Further studies on biomarkers of ovarian reserve in renal patients are still needed for better therapeutic strategy and family planning.


"In situ" measurement of phthalocyanine films in ultrahigh vacuum has been conducted in order to know the relationship between molecular orientation and electric properties in the condition without acceptor molecules. Elimination of adsorbed oxygen on AlPcCl molecules was not realized by heating the sample above 230°C in 2×10-9 Torr. "In situ" measurement showed the thermal activation energy of 1.10eV for the oriented AlPcCl film (thickness: 200nm) which agreed with the optical absorption energy of the film measured in air. It is considered that AlPcCl film forms _charge transfer complexes with oxygen remaining in the vacuum of 2×10-9 Torr and gives EgCT=1.10eV.


Abstract The use of personal names for screening is an increasingly popular sampling technique for migrant populations. Although this is often an effective sampling procedure, very little is known about the properties of this method. Based on a large German survey, this article compares characteristics of respondents whose names have been correctly classified as belonging to a migrant population with respondentswho aremigrants and whose names have not been classified as belonging to a migrant population. Although significant differences were found for some variables even with some large effect sizes, the overall bias introduced by name-based sampling (NBS) is small as long as procedures with small false-negative rates are employed.


the variation in historical patterns of state-society formations in Europe can be extended to serve as explanations outside Europe" (p. 129). He rejects historical and cultural "essentialism" which "supposes that the events and configurations of the past determine or limit the possibilities of further developments in future" (p. 137). This does not mean that the past can be completely detached from present and future. For the fundamentalists, the past seems to dominate the future! In like manner, Zubaida challenges the contention that modern autocratic regimes in the Middle East are explainable in terms of historical and cultural Islamic patrimonialism. Socioeconomic conditions may be a valid explanation for the rise of autocrats, who tend to use religious slogans and rhetoric to legitimate their rule. Examples from recent Middle Eastern history abound. There is more in this book than can be covered in a review. The author has produced an insightful, well written, and challenging study of Islam in the contemporary Middle East. It is highly recommended for scholars, not only for the information it contains but also for the methodological challenges it presents. Among the many books published on contemporary Islam in the Middle East in recent years, Islam, the People and the State stands a good chance of being one of the best and most rewarding to read.


11041 Background: The internet and social media have become a common source of medical information. Previous analyses have found that YouTube videos disseminate biased cancer related information of low to moderate quality. We analyzed online information disseminated by NCI-designated Cancer Centers (CC) through their YouTube pages. Methods: We searched CC websites and online search engines to identify CC-specific YouTube pages. Our sample included each CC's top 20 most-viewed videos uploaded during 2019, which were < 5 minutes long, and available in English or Spanish. We examined video content themes and speaker demographics. For patient education videos, we evaluated content understandability and quality of information using validated measures [i.e., Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) and DISCERN]. Data was summarized using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 31 of 64 clinical NCI-designated CC had dedicated YouTube pages. Only 6 (19%) CC had videos in languages other than English. A total of 402 videos were examined for content themes and demographic characteristics. 43% focused on patient education (n = 175), 36% research (n = 139), 24% survivorship (n = 95), and 13% clinical trials (n = 52). 32% (n = 119) of speakers were doctors and 18% (n = 65) patients. Perceived speakers' ethnicity was 57% White (n = 229), followed by Asian (15%, n = 60), Black or African American (8%, n = 32), and Latinx (4%, n = 16). Perceived gender of speakers was 49% women (n = 197) and 51% men (n = 203). Most videos were understandable (91%, n = 159), but only 21% (n = 36) provided high quality information. Videos discussing treatments lacked discussion of risks, alternate options, and effects on quality of life. Conclusions: Most patient education videos uploaded to NCI-designated CC YouTube pages have low to moderate quality information and limited ethnic diversity of speakers. With ongoing trends of increasing misinformation spreading through social media, CC have an opportunity to create and disseminate high-quality, reliable, and comprehensive educational videos that meet the informational needs of patients with cancer and their caregivers.[Table: see text]


ORIGINAL ARTICLE Background: Drug addiction is a social problem, which, until recently, was considered specifically for men; however, drug addiction also affects women. The aim of this study was to identify the backgrounds for addiction in women and how they deal with it. Methods: This research was conducted using qualitative research through interviews. For this purpose, 51 addicted women, from two rehabilitation centers in Yazd, were selected through purposeful sampling and semistructured interviews, and the resultant observations were used for data collection. Data from the interviews were analysed using coding theory. Results: In the open coding Step 53, concepts were collected that were combined in the form of five major issues. Results show that the family condition is the most important factor that results in addiction among women. Friendly interactions and weaknesses in life skills are the conditions that lead to drug use among women. Breaking down of social relationships and job deviations are the consequences of addiction in women. Conclusion: woman drug use mostly affected by intimate relationships in family and friends. Social care systems should be developed for families with drug use persons to preventing family member's involvement.


ing to one story, as he gazed at the portrait Sir Godfrey Kneller painted of him in his prime, he murmured "that was once a man." Not surprisingly such a man has attracted many biographers, including his distinguished descendant Winston Churchill. Richard Holmes (who deserves to be better known in the US for his outstanding television programs), has written a first rate life which American readers will find especially useful because it sets Marlborough within the context of his times. Unlike Winston Churchill, Holmes is not an unthinking partisan for the duke. He sees his faults, such as his avarice and ambition-and his virtues. Malborough forged and ran alliances with Eisenhower's skills, and fought battles with Patton or Montgomery's ferocity and flexibility. This is basically a military biography that describes battles and sieges in a rather traditional fashion, which is a bit surprising for Holmes is well known for his ground-breaking study Acts of War: the behaviour of men in Battle (1985). Marlborough might not have been as fragile as Holmes suggests, but he certainly proves that the duke was a genius, without superior in the history of the British army.


This dossier was conceived in the context of unprecedented crisis experienced by the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). It has been becoming alarming since at least 2015. The acute crisis situation includes not only systematic delays in the payments of outsourced workers, servers, scholarship holders, quota students. But also the lack of funding for the basic operation of the university. We believe that proposing a reflection on the concept of "crisis" represents not only a form of resistance to the unfortunate current moment of the university. But above all, an opening is a provocation to reflection. The UERJ crisis then gains a sense of metonymy or a more extreme example of the current dilemmas of the public university in Brazil. The crisis of the public university is articulated with a crisis scenario in the humanities.


The challenge for rural communities to provide quality education for early childhood in Indonesia is difficult. National politics, policies, and economic and cultural conditions affect the Early Childhood Education system, and Indonesia is a large multicultural country, so, even the quality of education is difficult. This study aims to look at the quality of children's education in Pandalungan. Using qualitative methods with ethnographic design, data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that educational institutions for children in urban areas can be categorized quite high. However, for early childhood education services in Desa Sukorambi Pandalungan, the quality is quite poor. Research suggestions are the need for follow-up related to social, economic, cultural and environmental factors at the level of Pandalungan community awareness of early childhood education.
Keywords: Early Childhood, Learning Quality, Pandalungan Community
References:
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R2R embedding of conductive sintered grids:
Within the organic light emitting diode(OLED) and organic photovoltaic(OPV) applications, to improve the efficiency of these devices, high conductive met ...


An important characteristic of ubiquitous computing (UbiComp) environments is the integration of information, communication and sensing technologies into our everyday objects, giving rise to a new proactive computing model in homes. A smart home uses networked sensors, devices and appliances to build an intelligent environment in which many activities in the home are automated and where devices and services seamlessly cooperate to support domestic tasks. Programming and maintaining such an infrastructure is challenging because suitable abstractions are currently missing. In this work we have attempted to define ambient ecologies as a metaphor for modeling UbiComp applications, specify design patterns and programming principles and develop infrastructure to provide a paradigm of application engineering and tools to support ambient ecology designers, developers and end-users. We describe our model and the middleware architecture and present the engineering of applications in a smart home environment.


On July 14 the College of Physicians of Philadelphia (19, South Twenty-second Street, Philadelphia, 3, U.S.A.) awarded the Alvarenga Prize for 1949 to Owen Harding Wangensteen, M.D., Ph.D., Professor of Surgery, University of Minnesota, for his important contributions to the aetiology and therapy of gastric and duodenal ulcer. Dr. Wangensteen will deliver the Alvarenga Lecture on this subject at the College of Physicians of Philadelphia on November 2. The Alvarenga Prize was established by the will of Pedro Francisco daCosta Alvarenga, of Lisbon, Portugal, an Associate Fellow of the College of Physicians, of Philadelphia, to be awarded annually by the College on the anniversary of the death of the testator, which took place on July 14, 1883.


Recent high-precision data obtained with approximately 100 keV resolution in the missing mass variable of the proton knockout-reaction induced by electrons of 500 MeV are reviewed. The high-resolution feature has allowed the observation of knockout from quantum states at the Fermi-surface that are closely spaced in energy. Data are discussed for several nuclei ranging from the deuteron to 208Pb. In the few-body systems (A=2,3,4) and in 6Li the data are fairly well reproduced by 'exact' calculations. For heavier nuclei the ingredients and approximations of a distorted wave impulse approximation treatment of the (e,e'p) reaction are discussed in detail. For mass A>or=12 systems a systematic reduction of spectroscopic strength is observed amounting to 40-50% of the full-shell value expected in the mean field approximation to the nuclear many-body wavefunction. The author gauges the limits of validity of the mean field approximation and compare the (e,e'p) data to microscopic calculations of the effect of NN correlations on the proton spectral function and momentum distribution. Evidence is adduced for a substantial depletion of quantum states near the Fermi-surface. For deeper-hole states the depletion is found to be smaller, in keeping with theoretical expectations. Finally, a review is presented of future experiments in an enlarged kinematics domain that will address the physics of nucleon-nucleon correlations in many-body fermion systems with new experimental and theoretical tools.


Miranda, a ~470-km-diameter Uranian icy satellite, has a surface that exhibits evidence of a complex tectonic history. Tectonic structures are mostly localized in three regions termed coronae, but also form a rift system inferred to be global in extent. Ridges within the boundary of Arden Corona, and those that make up the 340° Chasma, part of the global rift system, have been interpreted as normal fault blocks. Using Voyager data, we test the hypothesis that these Arden Corona faults, as well as those at the northern edge of the 340o Chasma, are listric in geometry. For this testing, we use four geometric criteria for listric faults: (1) progressive down-dip decrease in fault scarp dip, (2) progressive down-dip increase in back-tilted face slope, (3) concavity of the exposed scarp surface, and (4) presence of a rollover structure. Results of this analysis support the hypothesis that the faults within the Arden Corona boundary are listric in geometry, but do not strongly support the hypothesis for the faults within the 340 ̊ Chasma. By analogy with terrestrial structures, the listric character of faults within the Arden Corona boundary suggests the presence of a subsurface detachment. This detachment likely occurred at Miranda's brittle-ductile transition zone at the time of faulting. Measurements of the Arden Corona fault system geometry are used to estimate depths to the proposed brittleductile transition zone at the time of faulting, resulting in values of 6.7 – 9.0 km. Those depths in turn are used to estimate a thermal gradient of 6 – 25 K km and a surface heat flux of 31 – 112 mW m. The weaker evidence of a listric geometry for the faults of the 340 ̊ Chasma suggests that those faults did not interact with a brittle-ductile transition at the time of their formation. Our estimated thermal gradient of the Arden Corona region is consistent with a previous heating event on Miranda that was as significant as Europa's current resonance-induced tidal heating. This heating event may be associated with a hypothesized previous tidal resonance of Miranda with Umbriel and/or Ariel.


The first-instar nymph, second- and third-instar female nymphs and the adult female of Kermes echinatus Balachowsky (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Kermesidae) are described and illustrated; micrographs of morphological details are also provided. The species was collected on the island of Crete (Greece) and on mainland Greece, new localities for this species, and are compared with Israeli specimens from where it was originally described.


Background : The purpose of the present study was to determine the body composition of elementary school children by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method with a subject in a standing position. The method is frequently used in Japan. The other aim was to evaluate the relationship between the body composition and percentile rank of the body mass index (BMI) in Japanese children.


A Martin Gerdes1 and Mervat Mourad2 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568-8000, USA 2Department of Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568-8000, USA *Corresponding author: Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568-8000, USA, Tel: 516-686-4039; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


1. An Introduction and History of Software Architectures, Components, and Reuse.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Software Architecture.- 1.3 Reusable Components.- 1.4 Setting a Context for Component Reuse.- 1.5 Components and How to Use Them.- 1.6 Current and Future Developments.- 2. Components, Scripts and Glue.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Motivation and State-of-the-Art.- 2.3 A Conceptual Framework for Software Composition.- 2.3.1 Terminology.- 2.3.2 Concepts in Practice.- 2.3.3 Other Aspects of the Conceptual Framework.- 2.4 PICCOLA ? a Small Composition Language.- 2.5 Discussion.- 2.6 Conclusions.- 3. Business Component Development.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.1.1 Business Needs.- 3.1.2 Software Components.- 3.1.3 Business Components.- 3.1.4 Structure.- 3.2 Business Component Concepts.- 3.2.1 The Business Component Vision.- 3.2.2 Terminology.- 3.2.3 Component Granularity.- 3.2.4 Distribution Models.- 3.3 Business Component Run-time Concerns.- 3.3.1 The Business Object Facility.- 3.3.2 BOF Transparencies.- 3.3.3 BOF Services.- 3.3.4 BOF Frameworks.- 3.3.5 Technologies and Initiatives.- 3.4 Business Component Development Process Concerns.- 3.4.1 An Approach to Business Component Development.- 3.4.2 Business Component Patterns.- 3.4.3 Standards.- 3.5 Summary.- 4. Designing Component Kits and Architectures with Catalysis.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 What is a Component?.- 4.3 Families of Products from Kits of Components.- 4.3.1 Larger Components.- 4.3.2 Component Strategies.- 4.4 Catalysis: Modelling Component Behaviour.- 4.4.1 Actions.- 4.4.2 Refinement and Traceability.- 4.4.3 Refinement from Domain to Components.- 4.5 Modelling for Component-Based Development.- 4.5.1 Domain Modelling.- 4.5.2 Specifying Component Behaviour.- 4.5.3 Designing Components.- 4.5.4 Defining Component Connectors.- 4.5.5 Component Partitioning.- 4.5.6 Processes for Component-Based Development.- 4.6 Summary.- 5. Reuse Requires Architecture.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 What do we Mean by Software Architecture?.- 5.2.1 Architectural Choice.- 5.2.2 Architecture-Driven Design.- 5.3 Case Study in Reuse ? Matra Cap C3 Systems.- 5.4 Architecture-Based Reuse.- 5.5 Organisation and Technology.- 5.5.1 Case Study ? "Diagonal" Inc.- 5.6 Managing the Technology.- 5.6.1 Case Study ?"Vertical" Ltd.- 5.7 Components and Reuse.- 5.8 Summary.- 5.8.1 Recommendations.- 6. Designing Software Architectures Through Evaluation and Transformation.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Requirements Terminology.- 6.3 Example.- 6.4 Overview of the Method.- 6.5 Functionality-Based Architectural Design.- 6.6Assessing Quality Attributes.- 6.6.1 Scenario-Based Assessment.- 6.6.2 Simulation.- 6.6.3 Mathematical Modelling.- 6.6.4 The Role of Experience.- 6.7 Architecture Transformation.- 6.7.1 Impose Architectural Style.- 6.7.2 Impose Architectural Pattern.- 6.7.3 Apply Design Pattern.- 6.7.4 Convert Quality Requirements to Functionality.- 6.7.5 Distribution of Requirements.- 6.8 Related Work.- 6.9 Conclusions.- 7. An Architecture for Internet Business Applications with Business Components.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Example.- 7.3 Database Access.- 7.4 A One-Layer Two-Tier Internet Business Application Architecture.- 7.5 Vision for Internet Business Applications.- 7.6 Internet Object Server for Business Entities with RMI.- 7.7 Business Entities Versus Business Processes.- 7.8 Five-Layer Architecture.- 7.9 Providing Layers of Business Objects as Components.- 7.10 Business Components.- 7.11 Conclusions.- 7.12 Acknowledgments.- 8. Lean Product-Line Architectures for Client-Server Systems - Concepts & Experience.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 The CACS System: an End User Perspective.- 8.3 Rearchitecting Client-Server Systems.- 8.4 Framework Technology and Reflection as a Basis of Self-Configuring Product-Line Architectures.- 8.4.1 Framelets - Small is Beautiful.- 8.4.2 Reflection Versus Abstract Classes and Interfaces.- 8.5 A Sample Framelet Family.- 8.5.1 List Handling Framelet.- 8.5.2 RPC Framelet.- 8.5.3 Framelet Coupling.- 8.6 Discussion and Conclusions.- 8.6.1 Java Evaluation.- 8.6.2 Quantitative Data.- 8.6.3 Software Engineering Challenges.- 9. Issues in Industrial Product-Line Architectures.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 The Case Study.- 9.2.1 Method.- 9.3 Product-Line Architectures and Reusable Assets.- 9.4 Issues in Product-Line Architectures.- 9.4.1 Organisation.- 9.4.2 Process.- 9.4.3 Technology.- 9.5 Related Work.- 9.6 Conclusion.- 10. Architectural Standards, Processes and Patterns for Enterprise Systems.- 10.1 Today's Enterprises Face Increasing Competitive Challenges.- 10.2 Distributed Components Offer a Route Forward.- 10.3 "Reuse" Really Means Achieving Economies of Scale.- 10.4 A Component-Capable Organisation Must be Mature.- 10.5 There are Several Synergistic Standards for Enterprise Components...- 10.5.1 CORBA ? Common Object Request Broker Architecture.- 10.5.2 UML ?Unified Modeling Language.- 10.5.3 XMI ? XML Metadata Interchange.- 10.5.4 Java ? a Standard Programming Language.- 10.5.5 Enterprise Java Beans ? a Standard Programming Model for Enterprise Componentry.- 10.5.6 TCP/IP, HTML, HTTP, SSL, etc. ? Standards for the Internet.- 10.6 Enterprise Components Require a New Generation of Middleware.- 10.7 Architecture Patterns are Encapsulated Solutions to the Distributed Application Design Problem.- 10.8 Conclusion.- 11. How Not to Reinvent Some Wheels: Lessons from Interactive System Architectures.- 11.1 Lessons from Another Place.- 11.2 Boxes and Arrows are Not Enough.- 11.3 Properties, Not Topologies.- 11.4 Domain Decompositions are Essential.- 11.4.1 Machine-Centred Decomposition Rationales.- 11.4.2 User-Centred Decomposition Rationales.- 11.4.3 Function Specificity.- 11.4.4 Abstraction Independence.- 11.4.5 Evolvability.- 11.4.6 Summary.- 11.5 Interactions Between Quality Attributes and Software Architectures.- 11.6 Trade-Offs are Unavoidable.- 11.7 Tools are Essential, but Virtually No Good Ones Exist.- 11.8 Conclusions.- 11.9 Acknowledgements.- 12. An Industrial Perspective.- 12.1 The Current Situation.- 12.1.1 What We Do.- 12.1.2 Sharing Common Solutions.- 12.1.3 Information Overload and Management.- 12.1.4 Addressing Change: the Impact of Architecture.- 12.1.5 Tools and Standards.- 12.2 Architectural Approaches to Software Engineering in Industry.- 12.2.1 How Does Software Architecture Fit "Industry" Software Development?.- 12.2.2 How are Frameworks and Patterns Used in Industry?.- 12.2.3 What is the Impact of these New Approaches on Traditional Software Development Methodologies?.- 12.2.4 Conclusions.- 12.3 Software Architectures and Component Engineering in Philips.- 12.3.1 Introduction.- 12.3.2 Why Components?.- 12.3.3 Approaches to Component-Based Development.- 12.3.4 Conclusions.


Silver nanoparticles have been synthesized from Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP)/ethanol solutions, and six different PVP to silver nitrate weight ratios (PVP:AgNO3) are studied in reduction of silver nitrate in ethanol with the presence of PVP as a stabilizer. The produced silver nanoparticles showed strong plasmon resonance peak centered at around 405nm in UV-Vis spectra. The particle morphologies were also examined and compared under secondary electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was utilized to determine the formation of silver nanoparticles. We found that the particle size and morphology were strongly dependent on the PVP:AgNO3 weight ratio. The average size of silver particles decreased from 19.25nm to 10.03nm as the weight ratio of PVP:AgNO3 increased from 1:1 to 20:1.


The invention relates to a method of data forwarding during handover in a mobile communication system, the mobile communication system comprising a plurality of base stations and a base station, the base station being coupled to a gateway, a telecommunication link being established between a user equipment and the base station, the method comprising: selecting a set of base station from the plurality of base stations as candidate base stations for a handover of the user equipment by the base station; selecting a first target base station for handover from the set of base stations by the base station; obtaining downlink data from a gateway and uplink data from a user equipment by the base station; forwarding the uplink and downlink data from the base station to the first target base station. The method further comprises: detecting a handover or radio link failure by the user equipment; - transmitting a connection establishment message to a second target base station of the set of base stations by the user equipment; accepting access request of the user equipment by the second target base station; transmitting a message by the second target base station to the base station, the message being indicative of access of the user equipment to the second target base station; and forwarding the uplink and downlink data to the second target base station.


The influence of y-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCC) on phosphatidyl inositol (PI) cycle activity was investigated in the guinea pig alveolar macrophage. Similar to stimulation by the chemotactic peptide N-formylrile-leu-phe (FNLLP), 125 PM HCC was found to stimulate PI cycle activity, calcium mobilization (4sCa2+ efflux and cytosolic [Cal+] elevation) and 0; production, although the action of HCC was prolonged in comparison. HCC treatment did not block subsequent stimulation by FNLLP. HCC is proposed to act at an early stage in the same activation sequence as does FNLLP.


ABSTRACT In the present study, the composite sheets were produced by powder rolling the ball-milled Al/SiC mixture. The effect of milling speed (350–550 rev min–1) and milling duration (8 and 12 h) on the Al particle morphology and subsequent mechanical properties were examined for composites with different volume fractions of SiC. From the microstructural investigation, SiC particles are evenly distributed and well dispersed in the Al matrix; those are prepared under higher milling speed (550 rev min–1) and higher milling time (12 h). Furthermore, the flattened-shaped particle morphology was obtained under lower milling conditions, whereas the reduced-granule shape was obtained under higher milling conditions (550 rev min–1, 12 h). Consequently, the Al/SiC composite sheets made from a granule-shaped Al/SiC mixture show higher density, microhardness, and tensile strength due to significant consolidation and SiC uniformity. In addition, the tensile strength of 430.26 MPa has been achieved for the Al/2vol.-%SiC sheet compared to pure Al (393.49 MPa) under similar processing conditions.