works, this article describes how unsupervised neural network technologies can be used with "unclassified" data, a much more difficult problem having higher value results. A supervised neural network operates on data that have been classified, i.e., the answer is known in specific locations, providing reference points for calibration purposes. In the case of seismic data, for instance, a portion of a seismic survey at each logged well is known. The well log provides the ground truth. Supervised neural networks link the seismic data at the well to the known results from the well. However, supervised neural networks have limited application since the earth is so heterogeneous, thus rendering classification away from boreholes difficult. In contrast, unsupervised neural networks do not require that the "answer" be known in advance and therefore are unbiased. The other challenge working with supervised neural networks is that statistics grow more powerful as more wells provide more classified data. But that flies in the face of the more typical situation where our most important decisions need to be made when there are no or few wells. As the number of wells increases, the value of a supervised The energy industry is faced with an exploding growth of information from a variety of sources: seismic surveys, well logs, and field production. A step-change in technology is being developed that has the promise of geoscientists finding hydrocarbons more rapidly and with greater certainty by utilizing this large volume of data more effectively. Further, apart from automated tools to make better use of the data being collected, the industry risks wasting this valuable resource. Supported by advanced software, a branch of neural networks is being found to be at least one practical solution for reducing the risk and time in finding oil and gas. Neural network technology is used today in financial services software, pattern recognition systems, and many other settings. The general class of problems addressed by neural network technology in business is varied and diverse. While there are several commercial tools in the upstream oil and gas industry that are based on "supervised" neural net-


The recently proposed space-time model, the modified cascade model, for hadron-nucleus collisions is investigated further and also extended to apply to photon and lepton nucleus collisions. Dependences of the multiplicity on incident particle, nucleus, rapidity, and energy, as well as the A dependences of the total inelastic cross sections, are calculated, with the model's only free parameter fixed by a normalization as determined previously. Results are compared and found to be in agreement with published experimental data from p, ..pi.., K, ..mu.., and ..nu.. nucleus collisions. Several representative predictions of the model are also presented. 29 references.


Continuous domestic respiration monitoring provides vital information for diagnosing assorted diseases. In this article, we introduce RespTracker, the first continuous, multiple-person respiration tracking system in domestic settings using acoustic-based COTS devices. RespTracker uses a multi-stage algorithm to separate and recombine respiration signals from multiple paths so that it can track the respiration rate of multiple moving subjects. And it leverages features from multiple dimensions to separate different users in the same area. Our experimental results show that our two-stage algorithm can distinguish the respiration of at least four subjects and cover a distance of three meters.


The NASA-OAST high performance solar array program is described. The rationale for this effort, its objectives and strategy, as well as progress made during the past 5 years, are discussed. It is shown that welded, ultrathin silicon solar cell array blankets are on the verge of technical readiness. It is argued that the most reasonable approach to achieving more significant performance improvements (to about 300 W/kg) involves the development of a higher efficiency (16-18 percent AM0) solar cell and a lightweight, efficient structure.


The operation of turbochargers under unsteady flow conditions has been actively researched and yet relatively little is knownabout the turbine behaviourand itsability to utilise exhaust energy of the internal combustionengine. This is particularly true of mixed-flow turbines. This paper describes the details of pulse operation of a mixed-flow turbine and provides new insights intothe behaviour of such configuration undertime-varying inlet conditions.A constant blade angle mixed-flow rotor1 was used in a single-entry nozzleless turbine and tested under steady and unsteady conditions. The unsteady results were obtained over a reduced turbine operating speed range and two engine representative frequencies. The unsteady mass flow parameter and efficiency results of this mixed-flow turbine showed that the curves substantially deviated from the steady curves. These testify that the quasi-steady assumption normally used in the performance assessment of turbines could be inadequate for the detailed measurement of the pulse operation of an automotive turbocharger. Preliminary comparison with a radial-inflow rotor of a similar non-dimensional speed parameter showed relatively higher cycle-mean efficiency with mixed-flow rotor.


The invention discloses an optimized picture shape feature extraction and structuring description device and method based on a horizontal coordinate. According to the scheme, PAL format analog video signals are encoded through a TVP5150 and then are collected by a DM6446 chip, an algorithm processing thread in a codec engine frame is called for achieving processing of video data and extracting of picture shape features, structuring descriptions are conducted on the features, and finally a processed result is uploaded to the Internet through the Ethernet so that users can achieve retrieval. With regard to extraction of the picture shape features, when the structuring descriptions are conducted on the features, first, graying processing is needed, then binarization processing is carried out, edge processing is conducted, afterwards, all positions with effective pixels appearing are recorded into coordinate data, the data are further divided into two lines, one line is used for browsing the shape of a picture and reappearing the original shape of the picture, and the other line is used for describing the shape in a semantization mode. The optimized picture shape feature extraction and structuring description device and method can lower product cost, reduce network data flow and improve real-time performance.


This paper discusses the effects of the emerging second generation copper electrochemical deposition (ECD) bath additives on the fill mechanism for advanced interconnect trenches. The role of the accelerator (organic disulfides) and suppressor (polymers) for a two component additive package was evaluated. In addition the effects of the polymer-Cl interaction on the fill mechanism as a function of chloride ion concentration was explored. SEM cross sections of partially filled electroplated copper trenches show a two stage fill mechanism consisting of (1) conformal fill followed by (2) bottom-up fill. It was determined that the polymer-Cl complex plays a critical role during the initial stages of fill for sub one-micron trenches.


An autopsy case of hypervitaminosis D was reported, in which vitamin D, 500×104 I.U., was administrated during a 6 months period and the patient died of uremia. Calcium was found to be deposited in the kidneys, lungs stomach, heart, blood vessels and esophagus. The mechanism involvoved in the calcium deposition was discussed.


According to the theory of petroleum disperse system, the effect of three surfactants 1 #,2 #,3 # on viscosity of the system which is made up of Daqing waxy oil mixed by 60% Daqing residue oil under the condition of different surfactant amount and different temperature . The results show that all the three surfactants can effect on the system and the active ability order is 3 #1 #2 #. And when the temperature is the constant, the influnce of the three surfactants on viscosity exists various extreme value with the increase of surfactant amount. Moreover, when the surfactant amount is fixed, the relations of viscosity and temperature of the three samples are the same, the viscosity is decreasing with the temperature increasing. At the same time, the author has found that when the viscosity is the lowest number, the system is under the active state and the relation of viscosity and temperature is the best. Contrarily, the relation of viscosity and temperature is the worst.


Human rights and anti-discrimination law in Australia, as in many countries in the Asia Pacific region, provides for complaints made under the law to be resolved through processes which would traditionally be defined as Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). This paper provides an overview of the complaint resolution work of human rights institutions in the Asia Pacific, including the Australian Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, and explores the defining characteristics of ADR in this context. The paper firstly discusses the appropriate classification of such dispute resolution processes and proposes that ADR in this context is best understood as a hybrid process in which the role of the ADR practitioner can be facilitative and/or advisory in nature. Secondly, the paper considers how apparent obligations on staff of human rights institutions to further the objectives of the law and to intervene to address power differentials between parties to disputes are reconciled with traditional notions of ADR practitioners as 'third party neutrals'. The paper also discusses the tension between legal-rights and interest-based approaches to resolution that arise in this context and outlines key ADR practitioner knowledge and skills relevant to the effective resolution of human rights and discrimination disputes. Tracey Raymond is the Principal Training and Policy Officer and a Principal Investigation/Conciliation Officer with the Australian Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (HREOC). Tracey has an academic background in psychology, social work and law, is a Churchill Fellowship recipient and has extensive experience in the conciliation of complaints in a human rights/anti-discrimination law context. Tracey has undertaken comparative international research on ADR as conducted by human rights and anti-discrimination agencies and published/presented papers on the theory and skills of statutory conciliation. Tracey is currently responsible for the on-going development and facilitation of the HREOC's investigation and conciliation training programs and has conducted training for various agencies in Australia as well as human rights and antidiscrimination agencies in Indonesia, Hong Kong, South Africa, Fiji, Sri Lanka, Mongolia and the Philippines. Tracey Raymond Australian Human Rights & Equal Opportunity Commission GPO Box 5218, Sydney, NSW 2001 Ph: 61 2 9284 9680 Fax: 61 2 9284 9689 E-mail: email@example.com Tracey Raymond Page 1 of 11


Helminthiasis is a common parasitic condition particularly among children in rural areas in developing countries where poor hygiene standard is practiced. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of helminthiasis among Indian preschoolers in urban areas in Penang and its associated factors. A total of 194 urban Indian preschoolers aged 4 to 6 years old were selected randomly from 11 kindergartens in the state of Penang for this cross sectional study. Data collection was carried out in 2 phases. First, microscopic stool examinations were done to examine the presence of helminths. Second, self administered questionnaires which inquired about human, environment and socioeconomic factors were completed by the parents/guardians. The overall prevalence of helminthiasis was 7.2% and the most frequently encountered infective agent was Ascaris lumbricoides (57.14%) and followed by the tapeworms (42.86%). The logistic regression indicated that habitual thumb sucking (AOR= 5.6. 95%CI: 1.73-18.39) and families owning domestic pets (AOR= 3.2; 95%CI: 1.03-10.14) were the significant contributing factors to helminthiasis among the Indian pre-schoolers in urban Penang. Although the prevalence of helminth infection among the urban Indian preschoolers is lower than rural area, it is still a public health concern. Children habitual thumb sucking and rearing domestic pets at home were the significant contributing factors in helminthiasis. Thus, prevention strategy should focus on health education and promotion among adults and children, awareness on domestic animal hygiene and maintaining good environmental sanitation. Multi agency collaboration is clearly essential, especially between state health, education and veterinary departments in curbing this disease.


Reverse micelle is a new biological technology.The activity of protein can be retained during extraction.Protein of defatted soybean meal was extracted by using cocoanut amide propyl betaine(CAB)/n-heptane/n-hexyl alcohol reverse micelle system and simultaneously alkali protease were added for protein hydrolysis.The effect of alkali protease on extraction and the optimum process parameters are investigated and obtained.


Citric acid needed is food additive in food industry development. Processed of citric
acid is batch, fed-batch, semi continue and continue made use of microorganism. The
research was used immobilized Aspergillus niger ITBCC L74 in immobilized column to
obtained high pure product. Fermentation medium is molasses which by product sugar
industry, because sugar content in molasses is higher. Characteristic of molasses was
analyzed to be known MgO, Fe, Mn and Zn content. The content were approximately 0,37%,
226 ppm, 31 ppm and 10 ppm, content of sugar is 43,98 % and pH 5,6. Productivity of cell
will be incread product, and then to be determined to grow of optimum time is fine product
with total spora on seven days reached 14,7 x 107 spora/ml medium, with total acid reached
0,16609 N and citric acid content is 0,0029 N (1,7415 %) and yield 17,65 %, pH 3,94 and
biomass 0,5041 gr/ml and sugar content is 8,44 %. Increasing of biomass showed of activity
cell. To be increasing total acid content was added suplemen VCO, because fat can be
increased productivity. Variation of added VCO 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 %, the greatest of total acid is
increased 3 % (v/v) VCO reached 100 %. Datas on batch process to be made for immobilized
cell on semi-continue process. Total acid product on 21 th is 0,11326 N with total acid
0,00773 N (6,82 %) and yield 23,52 % with increased 3 % (v/v) VCO total acid is 0,1298 N
with total acid 0,0092 N (7,11 %) and yield 28,02 %.


The high fishing pressure may cause species evolutionary changes toward smaller maturation sizes. In this context, the fishing practices of mackerel scad, Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier, 1833), in tropical eastern Indonesia provide an excellent opportunity to examine this hypothesis. Two distinct fishing grounds, the Sulawesi Sea and Maluku Sea, were selected to explore this phenomenon. Samples of D. macarellus caught by purse seine fishers operating were sourced from the two fishing grounds. Analysing the total length and maturity stage of each D. macarellus specimen from the two stocks were made to estimate key parameters such as the length at first maturity (Lm) and total mortality (Z). The results revealed that total mortality, used as an indicator of fishing pressure, was higher in the Maluku Sea (5.3 year-1) than in the Sulawesi Sea (3.7 year-1) and other areas. Additionally, the Lm of D. macarellus in the Maluku Sea was remarkably lower (22.9 cm) than in the Sulawesi Sea (23.9 cm), which can be attributed to the higher fishing pressure. These findings support the fisheries-induced evolution hypothesis, particularly within Indonesian tropical fish stocks and their respective regions, adding new growing evidence that fishing pressure affects fish reproductive biology. The length at first maturity may serve as a valuable proxy for assessing the intensity of fishing pressure on fish stocks.


A "judge of guarantees" is a magistrate who acts only in the investigation phase, assessing the legality of the acts and deciding personal and real precautionary measures. Its adoption seeks to avoid psychological contamination of the magistrate, who will judge an eventual process. Introduced in Brazil by Law 13.964/2019, it is being challenged in four direct actions of unconstitutionality. In a preliminary decision, minister Fux accepted the intention to suspend the rules included in the Code of Criminal Procedure, for an indefinite period. Among them, art. 3o-D, which proposes the creation of a system of rotation of magistrates in the counties where only one judge works, as a solution to make the presence of the "judge of guarantees" feasible in the interior of the country. The central argument for this decision was the undue interference of the Legislative Power in the budgetary autonomy and self-management of the Judiciary, added, both to the high cost of hiring new magistrates, prosecutors, police officers and public defenders, as well as the routine expenses with daily physical displacement of these professionals. This article aims to present the adoption of the electronic police inquiry as a mitigation for the costs of implantation of the "judge of guarantees" in Brazil, neutralizing the discussion of the constitutionality of art. 3rd-D in the Federal Supreme Court.


Contents: Lars Willnat/Annette Aw: Social Media, Culture, and Politics in Asia - Jason Martin: Social Media and Political Participation: Review of the Literature - Lu Wei: Social Media and Political Participation in China - Francis Lee: Hong Kong: Social Media and Political Participation in a "Protest Society" - Tsung-Jen Shih: Social Media and Political Participation in Taiwan - Jihyang Choi/Jae Woong Shim: New Media and Participatory Politics: The Case of South Korea - Toshio Takeshita/Shinichi Saito/Tetsuro Inaba: Social Media and Political Participation in Japan - Ezhar Tamam/Md. Salleh Hassan/Zohair Sabaghpour Azarian: Social Media and Political Participation in Malaysia - Cherian George/Xiaoming Hao/Nainan Wen: Social Media and Political Participation in Singapore - Smith Boonchutima/Shuo Tang: Social Media and Political Participation in Thailand - Usha Raman/Roshni Verghese: India Youth and Social Media: Modes of Engagement? - Lars Willnat: Social Media and Political Participation in Nine Asian Nations.


Background and Aims: The incidence of a IBDV in Croatia in 1995 seems to be a natural consequence of the global spread and resulted in up to 60% and 20% mortality of laying hens and broilers, respectively. Vaccination of a parent stock with a live vaccine and revaccination with an inactivated vaccine at the point-of-lay in order to ensure transfer of maternal antibodies (MN-Abs) to the progeny, was proposed as a prophylactic measure. For this purpose, an inactivated vaccine, adjuvanted by a multiple water-in-oil-in-water emulsion (WOWE) of a low viscosity, was designed. The IBDV-WOWE was tested in order to determine its ability for eliciting a levels of specific Abs in parents which should result in an improved progeny protection.
Methods: Winterfield 2512 strain of IBDV, inactivated with 0.1% v/v formaldehyde, was prepared in a WOWE. The WOWE contained 3.3% w/v of both aqueous- (Tween 80) and oil-phase surfactants (Aralcel 83) and a low quality of mineral oil (30% v/v). The aqueos/oil ratio (2/1) and hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB = 9.35) were high, while the relative viscosity (n = 3.45) was low.
Flocks of 4500 light ISA Brown SSL layers and 2400 heavy Hybro breeders, aged 10 days, were vaccinated by a live IBDV (Gumbokal, Pliva, Zagreb, Croatia) vaccine in drinking water. Trials were carried out under field conditions. Light pullets aged 19 weeks and heavy pullets aged 18 weeks, were both divided in three equal groups and i.m. vaccinated with 1.0, 0.5 and 0.25 ml vaccine/bird. Serological response (ELISA-titers) was monitored during the whole laying period. The eggs, collected 31 weeks after vaccination of dams, were hatched. Sera from 3- and 10-day-old hatched chickens were analysed for the presence of MN-Abs. Results and Conclusion: A WOWE contributes to the stability, low viscosity and injectability of the IBDV vaccine without side-effects. Serological responses in both light and heavy breaders, were directly related to the doses of the vaccine administered. A single vaccination generated high and a long-lasting humoral immunity and no additional vaccinations were required during the laying period. The vaccination with the IBDV-WOWE vaccine had no influence on the egg production. The levels of specific Abs in the egg yolks were at least twice higher than those in the sera of the vaccinated dams. The anti-IBDV antibodies were transferred to progeny. The ELISA-titer of the MN-Abs in the sera of 3-day-old offspring was about 2800 and decreased till the 10th day of life.


under bedclothes to detect body movements of the user to measure the user!ssleep state. As the measured data is to be transmitted via the Internet, the user does not need to operate the device. Data is measured non-invasively without restraining the user in a certain position, which allows long-term continuous measurements of data. We focused on these specific properties of this device and installed 20 sleep monitors in a special nursing home in A prefecture. In this report, we discuss technical problems associated with the installation of this device and the resulting burden imposed on the facility and target users and introduced measures to deal with these issues. The device failed to record data in 61 cases of a total of 481 cases;it was possible to collect data on the user!ssleep state in over 87% of all cases. The most common causes of record error were as follows:disconnection of the power cable and communication error in data transmission. No issues such as burden with regard to the installation of the device and/or the measurement have arisen thus far. Therefore, it was confirmed that it is possible to measure the sleep state of elderly people living in nursing homes with this device on a long-term basis.


Pretreatment Assessment and Decision Making: The Initial Interview. Individual Diagnosis and Marital/Family Assessment: A Complementary Process. Choosing Appropriate Assessment. Instruments for Marital and Family Intervention. The Assessment Interview: The Case of Mr and Mrs M. Assessment in Crisis Situations: The Case of Ron and Sara. Assessment and Developmental Transition: The Case of Mr and Mrs Z. Assessment in Context: Two Case Studies - Nuclear Family and Intergenerational. Accountability in Managed Mental Health Care Practice.


Human behaviour is commonly noted as a contributing factor in amusement ride accidents, as it is in many other domains. However, the category of "human error" is generally undifferentiated in investigations, providing little guidance for developing interventions based on accumulated data. As a result, opportunities to shape behaviour through modified interface design may remain unexploited. An archival dataset of amusement ride accident investigation reports was analysed using a tool developed to both classify errors and prompt extended antecedent investigation. The study found that numerous unexploited opportunities may exist for investigation of human factors antecedents, with 58% of documented errors having unexplored follow-ups or clarification requirements suggested by the tool. Further, many of these "missing links" would point toward factors not generally considered in current investigations, particularly consideration of design features of the amusement devices that might be modified to improve the reliability of human performance, and processes of design.


Laminar-turbulenttransitionmechanismsinducedbyaharmonicpointsourcedisturbanceinae at-plateboundary layerwithadversepressuregradientareinvestigated by fourth-orderaccuratespatialdirectnumericalsimulation based on the complete three-dimensional Navier ‐Stokes equations for incompressible e ow. The disturbance is introduced into thetwo-dimensionalbasee owbytime-periodicsimultaneousblowing andsuction within acircular spot at the wall to quietly mimic the momentum input by an active loudspeaker below a hole in the surface in respective experiments. Thus a wave train consisting of pure Tollmien ‐Schlichting waves of a singlefrequency and a large number of obliqueness angles is stimulated, and its downstream evolution in both physical and spectral space is investigated. A breakdown scenario dominated entirely by oblique modes is observed that shows a spanwise peak/valley amplitude splitting with the valley plane at the centerline of the wave train. Dominant vorticity structures develop off centerline, and a clear-cut -shaped structure is formed in e nal stages related to the wall shear being a footprint of a e rst pair of K -vortices in the e ow.


This paper presents a screw driven in-pipe inspection robot (IPIR) that runs on the principle of screw. The IPIR composed of a fore leg system, rear leg system, connectors and a DC motor. In this research work, a prototype of in-pipe inspection robot has been designed and developed. To verify the potency of the driving mechanism of IPIR, numbers of experiments are conducted through straight pipes, couplings, and 90-degree bends of 8 to 10 inches diameter range at 0-degree, 45 degree, and 90 degree inclination. This robot can be utilized for special tasks such as inspection, maintenance, and cleaning of water pipelines, gas pipelines, oil pipelines, and sewage systems.


Students There are those who want to work As civil servants, there are those who want to be entrepreneurs, all of them need someone who wants to have their own office. As a researcher, I would like to research if students research and want to have a professional career in the taxation field, considering that a career in the taxation profession is generally well-paid for reasons of economic considerations considering that business opportunities in taxation are very wide and promising, including: becoming a tax employee in the environment. The Directorate General of Taxes, becomes a Tax Planner at the Public Accounting Firm (KAP), becomes a Tax Adviser at the Tax Consultant Office, becomes a tax auditor in the company, becomes an employee while in the accounting field who master taxation can establish an independent tax consultant office. Researchers examine professional motivation careers and their perceptions in careers at FEB students of PGRI Adi Buana University Surabaya The result: Accepted (H1) which states that motivation (X1) shows that the interaction between Motivation and Career in the field of Taxation shows a = 0.975 with a significant level with ρ = 0.197> 0.05 H2: There is an influence from the perception of career quality of accounting students for a career in taxation that the perception of career (X2) has a positive effect on a career in taxation in influencing the performance of leaders (y), because the results of hypothesis testing show that the interaction of perceptions A career with a career in taxation shows a positive effect of 92.885 with a significance level or ρ = 0.098> 0.05 H3 is accepted, which states that motivation (X1), career perception (X2) has a positive effect on a career in taxation (y) because of the test results. The hypothesis shows that the interaction between Motivation and Perceptions of a Career Career in the field of Taxation simultaneously shows a positive number of 98.887 with a significance level or ρ = 0.055 <0.05


Barbopoulos, I. (2017). Seven dimensions of consumption. Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. This thesis presents the development of the integrative, context-sensitive, and multi-dimensional Consumer Motivation Scale (CMS). The CMS is based on the three higher-order master goals of goal-framing theory: the gain goal ("to guard or improve one's resources"), the hedonic goal ("to feel better right now"), and the normative goal ("to act appropriately"). Across three articles, nine empirical studies, and various product categories and consumption contexts, the dimensionality and situational variability of the master goals are examined. The emergent goal structure—consisting of the three gain sub-goals Value for Money, Quality, and Safety, the two hedonic goals Stimulation and Comfort, and the two normative goals Ethics and Social Acceptance—is demonstrated to be linked to corresponding consumption behaviors and preferences. The resulting 34-item measure draws on a broad range of research, from economics and marketing to social and environmental psychology, and takes the cognitive, context-dependent, and multi-dimensional nature of motivation into account, providing consumer researchers and practitioners with a more nuanced and psychologically accurate measure of consumer motivation. It should prove useful in standard marketing research, as well as in the development of tailored marketing strategies and the segmentation of consumer groups, settings, brands, and products.


U. S. behavior in its environmental relations with Canada, especially concerning acid rain, is indicative of recent U. S. unwillingness to cooperate with the world community on environmental issues.


Based on the characteristics of regional seismic activity, the practical efficiency tests of predication are made in different areas in east China by sing the seismological integrated quantitative predication method The results show that the test is passed in 5 areas, the predication efficiency is good, but the test is not passed in the other 4 areas The trend of seismic activity in 5 areas, where the test is passed, is analyzed


I am often struck by the irony of my current involvement in projects that involve technology. I am the stereotypical middle-aged parent who can only programme our domestic video with support from the eight-year-old who lives next door. The machine has a remote control on which I use, at most, six buttons. After three years I still have no idea what the other 27 are for. How needlessly complex our modern world can be! If technology is confusing for me (and possibly, for you), how much more bewildering is it for people with cognitive impairment? No wonder critics have scoffed at the idea that technology has anything to offer dementia care. As 1999 drew to a close we began to realize just how much support we have from modern technology. Threatened with the 'Millennium Bug', we found that there is technology in almost everything that forms part of our daily lives. If this unseen technology can support us without our being aware that it's there, perhaps we can find some uses for it in dementia care, so that it supports people without their having to interact with the technology. I was first introduced to the potential of technology by a carer, a man who looked after his wife who had dementia. They slept in separate rooms and she would usually get up during the night to use the bathroom without any difficulty. But sometimes she didn't return to bed, but would go downstairs and 'fiddle' with the gas fire. Her carer felt obliged to sleep with one ear open for her movements, and to get up whenever she did. Then he found a passive infra-red detector (PIR) – the sort of small movement sensor that is normally used to detect ingress as part of an intruder alarm system. He placed this at the top of the stairs, attached to a bell. Thereafter, he was able to sleep soundly knowing that his wife would use the bathroom when she needed but that he would be alerted should she attempt to go downstairs. His restored sleep patterns increased his caring abilities. At about the same time, work was ongoing in Norway to install simple technologies into the homes of people with dementia and assess their value for both professional and family carers (Bjørneby, 1998). Since this time, there has been growing interest in the role that technology can play to de men tia


Dramatic changes in human services funding in the 1980s prompted a redefinition of leadership in family service agencies. In this study of family service executives, attention is focused on changes in the roles executives play within their agencies, the skills they need, and the problems they face in the current environment. Their involvement in advocacy activity is discussed. The authors conclude that the future viability of the voluntary social service sector is tied to the type of leadership provided by agency executives.


Background: The best food for newborns up to six months of age is breast milk. This is due to the complete nutritional content so that it can meet the baby's needs. Breastfeeding after the baby is six months old is recommended with complementary feeding. The percentage of exclusive breastfeeding in Banjarnegara Regency in 2019 was 61.4%. History of breastfeeding factors that can influence the nutritional status of children. This study aims to describe the history of breastfeeding and the nutritional status of children in Dusun Ratan, Batur Village, Batur District, Banjarnegara Regency. Method: This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. There were nine informants in this study consisting of mothers who had toddlers with the criteria of under-fives being less nutritional status, over nutritional status, and good nutrition status. Collecting data in this study through interviews. Result: Most of the informants gave exclusive breastfeeding. But one of the informants who had a toddler with more nutritional status did not exclusively breastfeed. The knowledge of the informants is not good. This may be related to the level of education of the informants which is still low on average. A mother's motivation in breastfeeding comes from herself and also her family. Information about breastfeeding was obtained by informants through counseling, KIA books, the internet, articles on breastfeeding, and midwives. Conclusion: The history of exclusive breastfeeding is related to the nutritional status of toddlers, although exclusive breastfeeding is not the only factor that can determine the nutritional status of toddlers. Husband and family


In this paper, the authors present space charge accumulation data for planar low density polyethylene samples subjected to 20 kV/mm DC fields at room temperature. The data were obtained using the laser-induced-pressure-pulse (LIPP) technique. Some of the samples were conditioned by holding them at 40/spl deg/C in short-circuit at rotary pump pressure for 48 hrs prior to measurement. Such conditioning had no consistent effect on the space charge. The extent of charge injection/extraction at the semicon electrodes appeared to vary considerably between samples.


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Conflict of Interest: The editor in chief has reviewed the conflict of interest checklist provided by the author and has determined that none of the authors have any financial or any other kind of personal conflicts with this letter. Author Contributions: All authors were involved in the analysis and interpretation of clinical data and the preparation of the letter. Sponsor's Role: None.


The ALMENDRO Event was conducted on Pahute Mesa at NTS, and was announced as an intermediate yield event (200 to 1000 kt). Strainmeter records were obtalned at three locations in Yucca Flat. One recording site was a triaxial station; the other two were two component stations. The station parameters and pertinent data relating to ALMENDRO are summarized in tabular form. (TFD)


This paper describes how the establishment of a Road Fund (RF) in Swaziland through road user charges (RUC) could be used to pay for all the maintenance and part of the rehabilitation of the roads in the Kingdom. The paper contains an analysis of the different mechanisms presently available for the financing of the maintenance and rehabilitation of roads in developing countries. It elaborates on the main instruments used to charge road users and that might be included in an RF. Some of the actual charging instruments used in Africa are listed and a suggestion is made for the most appropriate one for Swaziland, where there are at least three major sources of RUCs to support an RF: bus operators license fees; levies on transportation fuels; and, vehicle license fees.


Native Americans, Latinos, and Asian Americans, but the vast majority of the story is told in terms of black and white. While the reader desires to know more about other racial communities, the overarching focus on African American and white residents of D.C. is understandable given the city's racial makeup and history. The shortcomings of Asch and Musgrove's work, however, pale in comparison to the book's success in providing a racial history of the nation's capital. They draw several threads throughout the city's history, which is perhaps their most significant contribution, and they challenge readers to think about the ways race and democracy continue to interact in contemporary society. Chocolate City is an important addition to the bookshelf of anyone who studies race, particularly in an urban setting, as well as scholars of the District of Columbia.


We present a decade and a half (1998–2013) of carbon dioxide fluxes from an old-growth stand in the American Pacific Northwest to identify ecosystem-level responses to Pacific teleconnection patterns, including the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This study provides the longest, continuous record of old-growth eddy flux data to date from one of the longest running Fluxnet stations in the world. From 1998 to 2013, average annual net ecosystem exchange (FNEE) at Wind River AmeriFlux was −32 ± 84 g C m−2 yr−1 indicating that the late seral forest is on average a small net sink of atmospheric carbon. However, interannual variability is high (>300 g C m−2 yr−1) and shows that the stand switches from net carbon sink to source in response to climate drivers associated with ENSO. The old-growth forest is a much stronger sink during La Niña years (mean FNEE = −90 g C m−2 yr−1) than during El Niño when the stand turns carbon neutral or into a small net carbon source (mean FNEE = +17 g C m−2 yr−1). Forest inventory data dating back to the 1930s show a similar correlation with the lower frequency Pacific North American (PNA) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) whereby higher aboveground net primary productivity (FANPP) is associated with cool phases of both the PNA and PDO. These measurements add evidence that carbon exchange in old-growth stands may be more sensitive to climate variability across shorter time scales than once thought.


We present a new way to solve the strong CP problem in models with a spontaneously broken CP invariance. It is simpler than existing non-Peccei-Quinn approaches. It predicts the existence of light (i.e., weak scale) colored Higgs bosons which could be seen in colliders.


iT~~~~~~~~~~~~ RECONSTRUCTED kDIGITAL TOANALOGCONVERTERSl problem oftransmitting digital datainreal time ona SIGNAL IL ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~U1(t) 1 single channel tosome distant plant often arises. The information should betransmitted insuchawaythat


The grid-connected operating condition of hydropower station is a common operation mode to provide electric energy for the load side. This paper investigates the dynamic performance and sensitivity of grid-connected hydropower station (GCHS) under uncertain disturbance. Firstly, the nonlinear uncertain model of GCHS under uncertain disturbance is established. Then, the dynamic performance of GCHS is studied when the governor parameters change under certain step disturbance, periodic disturbance and uncertain random disturbance, respectively. Finally, based on the sensitivity index of the uncertain output obtained from the extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test method, the sensitivity of the uncertain random disturbance at different input positions is studied. The results indicate that the GCHS under periodic disturbances or random disturbances have more complex dynamic performance than that under certain step disturbance. Under periodic disturbance, the forced oscillations and high frequency resonances are generated in dynamic response of GCHS. Under the uncertain random disturbance, the system of GCHS always presents random oscillation. The state variables q H , z, qP, y, x s , x t , and δ of GCHS are the most sensitive to uncertain disturbances, which are introduced at the generator or surge tank. The uncertain disturbances have significant interaction on the dynamic response of GCHS.


Networking evaluation techniques have been carried out different procedures and behavior for presenting the TCP/IP state over different areas. Furthermore, the rapid growth of using quality of services technique (QoS) for measuring and monitoring the TCP/IP state has growth rapidly due to the improvement process for presenting new techniques over LAN. TCP congestion algorithm has been used to control and monitor the TCP/IP state over local area network. Different difficulties have been presented the integration or the using of first in-first out technique among router for scheduling TCP/IP state. Hence, this study has been
concerned on using the quality of service evaluation process of the TCP cognition control algorithm and to measure the TCP cognition control algorithm state over local area network by deploying QCheck system. However, Object Oriented Approach Modified (Hoffer, 1999) has been employed for deploying QCheck system over LAN, development, and testing the deployed system (QCheck) over LAN.


The Easter Rising revived the use of political violence and transferred it from the margins to the centre of Irish nationalism. It restored continuity with past insurrections, it maintained and enhanced the revolutionary tradition, and it provided a model for later generations of Irish republicans who would take arms to achieve their objectives. In all these ways it fulfilled the hopes of the rebel leaders. Its immediate effect was to transform Irish public life, and it did so in ways which were often unexpected and sometimes paradoxical. Insurrection The rebellion was a Dublin affair. A few incidents took place outside the capital: a skirmish in Galway, shooting incidents in Cork and Wexford, and a guerrilla campaign in Meath and north Co. Dublin which foreshadowed the war of 1919–21. But with these exceptions the rising was confined to the capital. The separatist newspaper The Spark had recently prophesied a Volunteer revolt during 1916 which would involve a landing by the Germans, the liberation of most of Ireland, and Dublin remaining in British hands. It was wrong in every detail. (Curiously H. G. Wells's recent novel The new Machiavelli anticipated indirectly one aspect of the Easter Rising; its hero imagined a revolutionary provisional government in London 'which occupied, of all inconvenient places! the General Post Office at St. Martin's le Grand'.


In this paper, we report our studies on the gaseous and chemical properties of a relatively large sample (53 members) of blue compact dwarf galaxies (BCDs). The results of correlations among the oxygen abundance, stellar mass, gas mass, baryonic mass, and gas fraction are present both for E- and I-type BCDs, which are classified according to Loose & Thuan and show elliptical and irregular outer haloes, respectively. These correlations of I-type BCDs show slopes similar to those of E-type ones. However, in general, E-type BCDs are more gas-poor and metal-rich than I-type ones at a given baryonic mass. Based on these results, we suggest that E-type BCDs, at least a part of them, and I-type ones might be likely at different evolutionary phases and/or having different progenitors. Our investigation of the correlation between oxygen abundance and gas fraction shows that BCDs appear to have not evolved as isolated systems, but to have experienced some gas flows and/or mergers.


The feast of all the saints who illuminated the land of Russia was established after the Macarius councils in 1547 and in 1549, and by the early 1550s. a monk of the Saviour-Euthymius monastery in Suzdal, Grigoriy, composed a service. The service is built according to chant models predominantly using Russian saints. It uses both direct borrowing with adaptation and creating according to a model. We can say that this service is a typical demonstration of the way in which hymnographical sequences were compiled in the 16th century. This report examines the sources and methods used by Grigoriy to create this service, analysing all the hymns of the small and great vespers.


An analysis is conducted of the focal mechanism solutions of 2150 shallow earthquakes that have occurred in the central part in the Kinki district, Japan. It is found that in regions shallower than the characteristic depth (the depth at which the frequency-depth distribution of earthquakes is maximum), T axis plunges are widely distributed in the horizontal and vertical directions. Furthermore, the distribution of the plunges does not change with depth in the region. In regions deeper than the characteristic depth, the plunges are concentrated horizontally. That is, both strike-slip and reverse fault events are found in regions shallower than the characteristic depth, while strike-slip events dominate in the deeper region. It is inferred from the above results that the minimum horizontal stress has almost the same magnitude as the vertical stress in regions shallower than the characteristic depth, while in the deeper regions the minimum horizontal stress is less than the vertical stress. This conclusion implies that the minimum horizontal stress increases proportional to the depth in regions shallower than the characteristic depth but does not increase in proportion to depth in the deeper regions. It was also concluded that the brittle-semibrittle transition could possibly occur at the characteristic depth.


"If it were not for the great variability among individuals, medicine might as well be a science and not an art"

- Sir William Osler, 1892


In 1966, range ecologists from the states of Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming2 initiated co-operative Western Regional Project W-90, entitled "Ecological Life Histories of Selected Western Range Plants." This group was formed because of recognition that the lack of autecological knowledge on many important western range species was impeding range management progress. Our knowledge of range plants lags considerably behind the foresters' autecological understanding of the trees they manage. Ready availability of current information to the practicing forester is now possible because of the recent publication of U.S.D.A. Agricultural Handbook 271, Silvics of Forest Trees of the United States. Here the essential information on the autecolo<gy of 125 principal tree species has been assembled through the efforts of about as many authors. The only thing comparable that range men have access to is the Range Plant Handbook, now 30 years out of date and yet recently reprinted. I estimate that only about a dozen native range species have received study comparable to that of the commercially important trees or improved pasture plants. Summarization of all available autecological knowledge under one cover can be found for only about four species. Two of these


Purpose: This descriptive study aimed to identify the relationships among grit, job satisfaction, and the intention to stay of clinical nurses in Korea. Method: Data collected from a total of 239 experienced nurses in four general hospitals of the Jeolla province. The t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson''s Correlation Coefficient were performed using the IBM SPSS/WIN 21. Results: There were positive correlations between the grit and job satisfaction of the nurses (r=.31, p<.001), between their grit and intention to stay (r=.25, p<.001), and between their job satisfaction and intention to stay (r=.49, p<.001). Conclusion: Developing and adapting educational programs to enhance the grit enthusiasm, and patience can contribute to increasing the intention to stay of nurses in hospitals.


AbstractVisitors to Haworth Church almost invariably ask the question: "Where are the Brontes buried?" Occasionally they ask where "the family" is buried, and are inturn asked to say which family; for it is estimated that the number of interments in the church yard through the centuries is about 30,000, which will include a good many families! The difficulty of answering the question so often put is complicated in various ways; not least—for lovers of poetry—by the fact that Matthew Arnold seems to have settled the question beforehand. Indeed, it was an inquiry from an American University professor, who was editing and annotating Arnold's poems, that first roused in the writer a wish to have this question settled.


Aristotle and Schelling constitute two ends of a discontinous line: its beginning points out the position of a "logos" as its highest point linked to the archaic sense of "phusis"; its end represents teh dissolution of a "logos" bound in Schelling to a notion of "Natur" understood as pure continuity and process from which every difference has vanished. Following the thread of the reading that leads erroneously form de Greek notion of "hule" to the idealistic of "Materie", it shows the "never-shall-meet" between Aristotle and Schelling, Greece and Idealism.


Network coding improves TCP's performance in lossy wireless networks. However, the complex congestion window evolution of network coded TCP (TCP-NC) makes the analysis of end-to-end throughput challenging. This paper analyzes the evolutionary process of TCP-NC against lossy links. An analytic model is established by applying a two-dimensional Markov chain. With maximum window size, end-to-end erasure rate and redundancy parameter as input parameters, the analytic model can reflect window evolution and calculate end-to-end throughput of TCP-NC precisely. The key point of our model is the novel definition for the states of Markov chain. It substantially reduces related states and much lower complexity is obtained. Our work helps understand the factors that affect TCP-NC's performance and lay the foundation of optimization. Extensive simulations on NS2 show that the analytic model features fairly high accuracy.


Heat transfer performance affected by condensate is studied for condensation of R-11 on horizontal integral-fin tubes. Eight tubes with trapezoidally shaped integral fins having fin density from 748fpm to 1654fpm and 10, 30 grooves are tested. The liquid retention angles are measured by height gauge. The average retention angle increases with the inclease of both surface tention-to-density ratio(σ/р) and fin density(fpm). The tube having a fin density of 1299~1654fpm has the best heat transfer performance. In this case, the amount of surface flooding ranges are 32~40%. Hence, for the best heat transfer performance in condensation, the amount of surface flooding must maintain under the range of 32~40%. Refrigerants having high value of σ/р(water, NH₃ etc.), fin density must be small while refrigerants having low values of σ/р(R-11, R-22 etc.), fin density must be large.


It is desirable to evaluate the possibility of developing a deeper dielectric permittivity based Sw measurement for various petrophysical applications. The low frequency, (< MHz), resistivity-based method for water saturation (Sw) evaluation is the desired method in the industry due to its deepest depth of investigation (DOI, up to 8 ft). However, the method suffers from higher uncertainty when formation water is very fresh or has mixed salinity. Dielectric permittivity and conductivity dispersion have been used to estimate Sw and salinity. The current dielectric dispersion tools, however, have very shallow DOI due to their high measurement frequency up to GHz, which most likely confines the measurements within the near wellbore mud-filtrate invaded zones. In this study, effective medium-model simulations were conducted to study different electromagnetic (EM) induced-polarization effects and their relationships to rock petrophysical properties. Special attention is placed on the complex conductivity at 2 MHz due to its availability in current logging tools. It is known that the complex dielectric saturation interpretation at the MHz range is quite difficult due to lack of fully understood of physics principles on complex dielectric responses, especially when only single frequency signal is used. Therefore, our study is focused on selected key parameters: water-filled porosity, salinity, and grain shape, and their effects on the modeled formation conductivity and permittivity. To simulate field logs, some of the petrophysical parameters mentioned above are generated randomly within expected ranges. Formation conductivity and permittivity are then calculated using our petrophysical model. The calculated results are then mixed with random noises of 10% to make them more realistic like downhole logs. The synthetic conductivity and permittivity logs are used as inputs in a neural network application to explore possible correlations with water-filled porosity. It is found that while the conductivity and permittivity logs are generated from randomly selected petrophysical parameters, they are highly correlated with water-filled porosity. Furthermore, if new conductivity and permittivity logs are generated with different petrophysical parameters, the correlations defined before can be used to predict water-filled porosity in the new datasets. We also found that for freshwater environments, the conductivity has much lower correlation with water-filled porosity than the one derived from the permittivity. However, the correlations are always improved when both conductivity and permittivity were used. This exercise serves as proof of concept, which opens an opportunity for field data applications. Field logs confirm the findings in the model simulations. Two propagation resistivity logs measured at 2 MHz are processed to calculate formation conductivity and permittivity. Using independently estimated water-filled porosity, a model was trained using a neural network for one of the logs. Excellent correlation between formation conductivity and permittivity and water-filled porosity is observed for the trained model. This neural network- generated model can be used to predict water content from other logs collected from different wells with a coefficient of correlation up to 96%. Best practices are provided on the performance of using conductivity and permittivity to predict water-filled porosity. These include how to effectively train the neural network correlation models, general applications of the trained model for logs from different fields. With the established methodology, deep dielectric-based water saturation in freshwater and mixed salinity environments is obtained for enhanced formation evaluation, well placement, and reservoir saturation monitoring.


To the flow of using integration performance index ITAE as objective function,a better objective function is made by introducing rising time,error,control and overshoot quantity.The merit and drawbacks of fuzzy controller optimized by simple genetic algorithm(SGA)are analyzed.An improved genetic algorithm based on parallel genetic algorithm(PGA)is presented by using proper operators and elitist strategy.The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether capital structure matters for earnings management of microfinance institutions.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical study is conducted using a sample of 575 MFIs over 2007 to 2015, we determined in the first step the discretionary part of provision for loan impairment. In the second step, we examine the effect of debt and donated equity on discretionary provision for loan impairment.FindingsWe found robust evidence that MFIs manage their earnings for external finance purposes. Debt exhibits a negative effect on earnings management for both profit and nonprofit MFIs. However, donated equity incites managers of MFIs to engage this practice in nonprofit MFIs.Practical implicationsFindings could be valuable to fund providers and investors who should consider accounting information quality in order to reach a better investment decision.Originality/valueThis paper is among the few to explore earnings management motivation of MFIs and to determine the role of external financing on earnings management practice.


Owing to needs of biomechanical comprehension and analysis to obtain various medical treatment designs which are related with the spine in order to cure and diagnose LBP patients, the FE modeling and nonlinear analysis of lumbosacrum including a partial ilium and iliolumbar ligaments, were carried out. First, we investigated whether the geometrical configuration of vertebrae displayed by DICOM slice files is regular and normal condition. After constructing spinal vertebrae including a partial ilium, a sacrum and five lumbars (from L1 to L5)with anatomical shape reconstructed using softwares such as image modeler and CAD modeler, we added iliolumbar ligaments, lumbar ligaments, discs and facet joints, etc.. And also, we assigned material property and discretized the model using proper finite element types, thus it was completely modeled through the above procedure. For the verification of each segment, average sagittal ROM, average coronal ROM and average transversal ROM under various loading conditions(), average vertical displacement under compression(400N), ALL(Anterior Longitudinal Ligament) and PLL(Posterior Longitudinal Ligament) force at L12 level, strains of seven ligaments on sagittal plane at L45 level and maximal strain of disc fibers according to various loading conditions at L45 level, etc., they were compared with experimental results. For the verification of multilevel-lumbosacrum spine including partial ilium and iliolumbar ligaments, the cases with and without iliolumbar ligaments were compared with ROM of experiment. The results were obtained from analysis of the verified FE model as follows: I) Iliolumbar ligaments played a stabilizing role as mainly posterior iliolumbar ligaments under flexion and as both posterior and anterior iliolumbar ligaments of one side under lateral bending. 2) The iliolumbar ligaments decreased total ROM of 1-8% in total model according to various motion conditions, which changed facet contact forces of L5S level by approximately 0.8-1.4 times and disc forces of L5S level by approximately 0.8-1.5 times more than casewithout ilioligaments, under various loading conditions. 3) The force of lower discs such as L45 and L5S was bigger than upper discs under flexion, left and right bending and left and right twisting, except extension. 4) It was predicted that strains of posterior ligaments among iliolumbar ligaments would produce the maximum 16% under flexion and the maximum 10% under twisting. 5) It's expected that this present model applies to the development and design of artificial disc, since it was comparatively in agreement with the experimental datum.


Resistance against cotton bollworm is one of the main arguments for the use of genetically modified (GM) Bt cotton around the globe. The use of GM is prohibited in organic systems and thus the remunerative value of organic cotton cultivation depends on effective bollworm control. In this study, we investigated the extent of bollworm and sucking pest damage in 68 different hybrid and varietal lines of Gossypium hirsutum and varietal lines of G. arboreum at two different locations with contrasting soil fertility and water dynamics. The damage potential of bollworms was assessed from open capsules at two time points. Sucking pests were assessed at three time points using a scoring method. G. arboreum varietal lines and G. hirsutum hybrids were on average significantly more tolerant than G. hirsutum varietal lines to bollworm under fertile and irrigated situations. For sucking pests, the G. arboreum varietal lines were clearly more tolerant than G. hirsutum hybrids and varietal lines. Since, recently, pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) became resistant against Bt cotton and pressure of sucking pests severely increased, screening of genetic resources and systems-based cotton breeding for bollworm and sucking pest tolerance will improve sustainability of organic and conventional cotton production.


Defects in Ge0.947Sn0.053 layers grown using molecular beam epitaxy on (001) Si substrates with 4.9% mismatch are investigated using optical, scanning, and transmission electron and atomic force microscopies. It is shown that the strain relaxation occurs via the introduction of 90° misfit dislocations of short length, at the Ge0.947Sn0.053/Si interface. An irregular morphology in the form of mounds is observed on the surface of epitaxial Ge1−xSnx (0.031 ≤ x ≤ 0.093) and is found to be associated with carbon impurities at the hetero-interface. A low-cost and fast defect selective wet etching technique is described to determine the etch pit density in epitaxial Ge1−xSnx with a low Sn content (≤5.3%). On the basis of etch pit morphology, different defects, e.g., dislocations, stacking faults, and crystal originated particles, are distinguished.Defects in Ge0.947Sn0.053 layers grown using molecular beam epitaxy on (001) Si substrates with 4.9% mismatch are investigated using optical, scanning, and transmission electron and atomic force microscopies. It is shown that the strain relaxation occurs via the introduction of 90° misfit dislocations of short length, at the Ge0.947Sn0.053/Si interface. An irregular morphology in the form of mounds is observed on the surface of epitaxial Ge1−xSnx (0.031 ≤ x ≤ 0.093) and is found to be associated with carbon impurities at the hetero-interface. A low-cost and fast defect selective wet etching technique is described to determine the etch pit density in epitaxial Ge1−xSnx with a low Sn content (≤5.3%). On the basis of etch pit morphology, different defects, e.g., dislocations, stacking faults, and crystal originated particles, are distinguished.


Abstract The modelling of fuel sprays has for the past two decades been dominated by the mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian approach in which the gas-phase equations are expressed and solved in an Eulerian framework, whereas the spray is discretized into droplet parcels whose progress through the gas is characterized by Lagrangian equations. The Eulerian-Eulerian approach employed to date is computationally much more expensive as the spray is discretized into drop size ranges, resulting in equations having to be solved over size range space as well as physical space and time. An alternative Eulerian-Eulerian methodology has recently been receiving attention. In this method the polydispersed nature of the spray is captured through the use of probability density functions based on the moments of the drop number size distribution. Thus no discretization into drop sizes is required. The work described here involves the implementation of such a spray model. Transport equations are written for the two moments which represent the liquid mass and surface area, while two more moments representing total radius and droplet number are approximated via use of a truncated presumed distribution function which is allowed to vary in space and time. The velocities used in the two transport equations are obtained by defining moment-average velocities and solving transport equations for the relevant moment-average momentum. The model is completed by an equation for the energy of the liquid phase and standard gas-phase equations, including a k-ε turbulence model and a fuel vapour transport equation for evaporating sprays. All the equations are solved in an Eulerian framework using the finite volume approach and the phases are coupled through source terms. Effects such as drop drag, droplet break-up, droplet-droplet collisions and evaporation are also modelled through the use of source terms. All the source terms are derived in terms of the four moments of the droplet size distribution to find the net effect on the whole spray flow field and surrounding gas. In previous journal publications, the model has been qualitatively assessed by examining the predicted structures of narrow-cone, wide-angle full-cone and hollow-cone sprays, and the dependence of the results on parametric changes. Quantitative verification using experimental data has largely been confined to macro features of the sprays, such as penetration rates. In this paper all the calculations that have been made to date relating to fuel sprays are brought together. In total, the predictions of 24 cases are compared with experimental results. The data used for these comparisons include the spray penetrations, but also include more fine-scale data such as drop sizes and, for evaporating sprays, the liquid and vapour mass fluxes. The model is applied to a wide variety of different fuel sprays, including high-pressure diesel sprays and hollow-cone sprays under both non-evaporating and evaporating conditions. The comparisons of the results with experimental data show that the model performs well. Good agreements in the spray penetration results for a wide variety of sprays indicate that the inter-phase drag model works well. The moment-average velocity approach gives good radial distributions of droplet size, showing the capability of the model to predict polydisperse behaviour. Droplet break-up, collisions and evaporation effects are also successfully modelled.


Objective The investigation aimed at producing transgenic mouse model with myocardium-specific overex-pression of human KCNE4 (hKCNE4) gene so as to research into the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of hKCNE4 gene on a certain subset of atrial fibrillation. Methods hKCNE 4 gene was cloned by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), digested with restrictive endonuclease, and inserted into the cardiomyocyte-specific expressing plasmidα-MHC-Clone 26 by ligase. Enzymatic and sequencing analyses were performed to confirm hKCNE4-α-MHC-Clone 26 prior to obtaining the BamHI treated transgenic element hKCNE4-α-MHC-hGH pA. The hKCNE4-α-MHC-hGH pA was microinjected into the male pronucleus of fertilized oocyte of C57BL mice and the oocytes surviving microin-jection were transplanted into the oviducts of pseudo-pregnant mice. The positive transgenic founder (G0 generation) mice were identified by PCR from offspring generated by pseudo-pregnant mice. The G0 transgenic mice were mated respectively with wild-type C57BL mice to reproduce G1 transgenic progeny. RT-PCR and sequencing were applied to screening for transgenic mice expressing hKCNE4 from G1 transgenic descendants. Results hKCNE4 gene was cloned and ligated to the vectorα-MHC-Clone 26 correctly. 86 mice were generated 9 of which were identified to be transgenic and the trans-gene hKCNE 4 carried by 2 transgenic mice (titled as Line A and Line B respectively) was not only transmitted to the next generation but also overexpressed restrictedly in the hearts. Preliminary phenotypic analysis on the transgenic progeny of Line A and Line B showed that they developed normally, reproduced generally, and suffered from no arrhythmia documented by surface electrocardiography. Conclusion The results indicate that the transgenic mice cardiomyocyte-specifically overexpressing hKCNE 4 are successfully procured, which provides a valuable tool for the exploration of the preventive and remedial influence of hKCNE 4 on a subgroup of atrial fibrillation.


Due to globalization and the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards - NIIF, and considering that most companies in Colombia report financial information to control entities, with the use of a variety of formats, which generates great efforts by the use of human, technological and financial resources. It is important to know that the implementation of Extensible Business Reporting Language – XBRL, this allows these situations are reduced, which brings multiple benefits for businesses and for the State.


The quality of course teaching is directly related to education quality. Many scholars have attempted to identify the associations between course-teaching quality and teachers' characteristics, such as educational background, degree, professional title, age, teaching age, job burnout, and academic research. However, because these characteristics are mostly evolvable, research findings are inconsistent. Therefore, we attempted to identify the association between teaching styles that reflect teachers' stable psychological quality, Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), and teaching quality. To this end, we first collected data from three different disciplines at a university using the constructed teaching quality, TPACK, and course difficulty questionnaires, together with the TSTI scale proposed by Grigorenko and Sternberg. We constructed three matrices with different sparsities as experimental datasets using teachers with the teaching style and PTACK attributes, courses with the course difficulty attribute, and teaching quality. We then constructed a weighted bipartite graph with the teachers and courses in the matrix as nodes and the teaching quality divided by course difficulty as the weights of the edges. We proposed an improved Slope One algorithm based on a weighted bipartite graph to scientifically predict teachers' teaching quality in untaught courses. Finally, we constructed a TOP-N recommendation model for course teachers that combined teaching style and TPACK features to achieve accurate recommendations for course teachers. The experiments show that our proposed solution is feasible and that the algorithmic model is effective. Therefore, we developed a scientific method to improve the quality of university course teaching.


Congenital diaphragmatic hernia a rare congenital malformation which often requires surgical interventions. The surgery is not an emergency, and it can be done within days with planned preoperative optimisation. We present a case of a premature neonate presented with co-existence of left side diaphragmatic hernia with imperforate anus. Presence of imperforate anus prevents the passage of meconium leading to distention of bowel increasing the resistance inside the left hemithorax. Therefore, an urgent repair of the diaphragmatic hernia with colostomy formation was done under general anaesthesia after 48 hours of birth. Patient was managed in a paediatric intensive care unit both pre and post operative period. Even though the post operative period was complicated with a broncopneumonia and a pleural effusion, he was discharged from ICU 20 days after the procedure.


Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films with addition of atmospheric air to benzene were prepared by DC discharge plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). These films were compared with films made from benzene/argon mixture. Some properties of the films including their optical transmission, hydrogen content and Raman spectra were investigated. It was found that such films fabricated with air addition (even at low vacuum) exhibit properties suitable for optical applications.


In this paper,heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) are extracted from ECG,and the five indexes in both time and frequency domains are analyzed.The result shows that the standard deviation (SDNN) of R-R intervals,the value of total power (TP),the power value of low frequency (LF) of HRV and the value of LF/HF increase obviously,while the power value of high frequency (HF) decreases markedly after fatigue.The physical fatigue level is classified according to the rate of increase and decrease of the indexes above.It is suggested that these five ECG indexes be used to reflect and evaluate the degree of physical fatigue quantitatively.


The problem of estimating atmospheric temperature and composition profiles from satellite-sensor or ground-sensor radiance measurements is generally ill-conditioned, so that constraints must be imposed to obtain a unique solution. A number of estimation methods have been developed, some of which incorporate explicit constraints whilst in others the constraints are implicit. In this correspondence we relate the Chahine-Twomey method to a special case of the Maximum Entropy method. This relationship provides insight into the operation of the Chahine-Twomey method, and explains how this method incorporates a priori information.


Bonded dissimilar materials are being increasingly used in automobiles, aircraft, rolling stocks, electronic devices and engineering structures. Bonded dissimilar materials have several material advantages over homogeneous materials such as high strength, high reliability, light weight and vibration reduction. Due to their increased use it is necessary to understand how these materials behave under stress conditions. One important area is the analysis of the stress intensity factors for interface cracks emanating from circular holes in bonded dissimilar materials. In this study, the bonded scarf joint is selected for analysis using a model which has comprehensive mixed-mode components. The stress intensity factors were determined by using the boundary element method (BEM) on the interface cracks. Variations of scarf angles and crack lengths emanating from a centered circular hole and an edged semicircular hole in the Al/Epoxy bonded scarf joints of dissimilar materials are computed. From these results, the stress intensity factor calculations are verified. In addition, the relationship between scarf angle variation and the effect by crack length and holes are discussed.


The photo-reaction of halogen-substituted anthraquinones in sulfuric acid was studied with near UV or visible light. α-Chloro-substituted anthraquinones were photo-hydroxylated mainly to form α-hydroxyanthraquinones in fairly good yields. However, β-halogenoanthraquinones gave no dehalogenated products under the same conditions.


SUMMARY Atrial stimulation atratesless thantheatrial ratewas effective interminating junctional tachycardia andatrial flutter intwopatients. Analysis ofthestimulus response inthepatient withjunctional tachyeardia defined an atrial excitable andrefractory period anda critical interval, thefirst 12milliseconds oftheexcitable period, during which atrial stimulation terminated thetachycardia. Thetermination ofatrial flutter appeared tooccursimultaneously withcapture oftheatrial ratebytheslower atrial stimulus. Atrial fibrillation didnotoccur.Theseobservations suggestthat a variety oftachycardias are supported byre-entry mechanisms andthattheresponseto atrial stimulation may beuseful inrecognizing andtreating sucharrhytbmias.


A strong and stable financial sector is the main element of investment inflow and increase of liquidity in the economic system of the state, striving for a developed economy. The practice of several previous years has shown the presence of certain factors of instability in the Russian financial sector. The most important factor of the instability of the national financial sector is the problem of ensuring the financial obligations of financial institutions, which at best forces credit institutions and investment institutions to introduce external management from the Central Bank, and in the worst case leads to bankruptcy. Traditionally, the main direction in assessing the quality of assets of financial institutions is to determine the market (fair) value of tangible assets, namely financial assets and real estate. However, recent events that have occurred with large Russian credit institutions have revealed shortcomings in this approach. First of all, since the objects of intellectual property and other intangible assets are either undervalued or overvalued. Proceeding from these facts, the team of researchers developed and presented a mathematical model that allows an alternative valuation of intangible intellectual assets in the ownership structure of financial institutions. The model was used to analyze the activities of individual financial organisations operating within the national economic system.[1]


The responses of 23 single family residences to motions from surface mining blasts were analyzed with Fourier power spectral density and transfer functions to determine their dynamic response properties. The fundamental frequency of the structural frames, which had an average value of 7.0 Hz, decreased with increasing height of the structure. The damping of these structures was observed to increase with increasing induced absolute motions. Walls vibrating in flexure had fundamental frequencies higher than those of the structural frames (12 Hz - 21 Hz). These results apply directly to the study of the response of structures subject to ground motions from mining activities, and are also useful for the study of response to earthquakes.


This paper addresses the preliminary design of a parabolic structure suitable for specific space applications, such as in solar power collector systems, which relies upon the sole use of an initially flat circular membrane rigidly constrained across its perimeter. In particular, the possibility for this concept to make use of solar pressure as a means of obtaining the intended parabolic curvature is explored. Assuming the membrane´s film as an ideally reflecting surface, parametric studies are conducted in order to determine several parameters of interest as functions of its radius and thickness. In order to do so, a set of numerical simulations are carried out using the finite element code ABAQUS®. It is shown that the shape of the deformed membrane is very close to parabolic, therefore being capable of concentrating sunlight power over a focal plane.


A method and apparatus for reproducing data comprising the sub-screen motion picture data. The method comprising: moving picture data output instruction message includes a sub-screen data; receiving a selection of data on the sub-screen is displayed; and selectively displaying the sub-screen data according to the selection. Thus, the display can be selectively sub-screen data.


Limited delay lossy coding schemes are considered for individual sequences. We address the problem of tracking the best code (from a given reference class) which is adaptively matched to the source sequence with piecewise different behavior. A general randomized algorithm is presented which can perform, on any source sequence, asymptotically as well as the best combined coding scheme matched to the sequence that is allowed to change the employed code (from a finite reference class of limited delay codes) several times during the coding procedure. In particular, a low complexity algorithm is presented for the special case where the reference class is the set of scalar quantizers.


One important arena for the study of the impact of larger retailers is, in the UK, the market town. This paper shows how locational policies of larger retailers – akin to WalMart openings in the US Midwest – are affecting these traditional towns in rural areas. The paper takes a case study approach by examining the pioneering fightback using the local loyalty card first adopted by Leominster in Herefordshire. Through time it emerges that the community has not been able to sustain its trading opposition to a large format intruder. However, its successes are noted – and study is made of copycat schemes in the UK. A paradox emerges: the most cohesive smaller communities with many independent retailers lack the resources to maintain the fight. Larger settlements can and do support more viable card schemes: but these towns (and cities) having greater populations are themselves already dominated by larger retailers.


The Third International Conference on Green Energy and Environment (The 3rd ICoGEE 2021) was organized by the Faculty of Engineering – Universitas Bangka Belitung together with some co-organized members such as the Faculty of Engineering – Universitas Tadulako, Faculty of Engineering – Universitas Bengkulu, Faculty of Engineering – Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji, Faculty of Technology and Science – Universitas Jambi, MIPAnet and Asian Federation of Biotechnology (AFOB). We planned The 3rd ICoGEE 2021 to held on September 29th – 30th, 2021, in Pangkalpinang, Indonesia. However, the COVID-19 pandemic that is still engulfing various countries has hampered diverse gathering and traveling activities. Therefore, The 3rd ICoGEE 2021 has been held virtually using the Zoom Meeting platform. The 3rd ICoGEE 2021 is a scientific conference involving various disciplines that aims to create innovations related to the development of science and technology to protect energy and the environment. Another goal of ICoGEE is to build a collaborative network between government, practitioners, and academics to solve problems in the energy and environmental sectors. Thus, this year's ICOGEEE carries the theme: "Innovation Science and Technology Innovation for Sustainable Development Green Energy and a Cleaner Environment." Although held online, this conference was attended by about 150 researchers, engineers, and scientists from various institutions. There are more than 60 institutions from nine countries: Indonesia, India, Viet Nam, Japan, Spain, China, Malaysia, Thailand, and Cyprus, participating in The 3rd ICoGEE 2021. The conference consists of two parts: keynote presentation and oral presentation. There were 114 papers (after the review process) divided into three topics: Green Energy and Application, Environmental Science and Technology, and Energy and Environmental Management. During the oral presentation session, the participants were divided into academic groups according to the topic. We are very grateful because, in 2021, The 3rd ICoGEE has keynote speakers from different countries and institutions who are experts in energy and environmental aspects. Our great honor is that five experts gave excellent keynote speeches: Prof. Misri Gozan as Vice President of Asian Federation of Biotechnology, Associate Prof. Dr. Oki Muraza from King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Prof Taufik from Cal. Poly. State University, Prof. Ocky Karna Radjasa as Deputy Chairman of Earth Sciences - LIPI, and Prof. Jatna Supriatna as Vice Chairman of the Belantara Foundation. Although The 3rd ICoGEE was held virtually, the conference can still achieve its primary purpose or benefit. All manuscripts published in the proceeding have been through a rigorous review to meet the requirement of high-quality papers. The committee wishes to acknowledge speakers and participants who attended this virtual conference. We are beyond glad as this pandemic situation, which has been going on for more than a year, would not let their spirit down to keep participating in this conference. Plenty of thanks are given to all persons who have helped and supported this conference. Warmest Regards, Chairman of Organizing Committee Herman Aldila Conference Committees are available in the pdf


The primary objective of the Silicon Sheet Task of the FSA Project was the development of one or more low-cost technologies for producing silicon sheet suitable for processing into cost-competitive solar cells. Silicon sheet refers to high-purity crystalline silicon of size and thickness for fabrication into solar cells. The Task effort began with state-of-the-art sheet technologies and then solicited and supported any new silicon sheet alternatives that had the potential to achieve the Project goals. A total of 48 contracts were awarded that covered work in the areas of ingot growth and casting, wafering, ribbon growth, other sheet technologies, and programs of supportive research. Periodic reviews of each sheet technology were held, assessing the technical progress and the long-range potential. Technologies that failed to achieve their promise, or seemed to have lower probabilities for success in comparison with others, were dropped. A series of workshops was initiated to assess the state of the art, to provide insights into problems remaining to be addressed, and to support technology transfer. The Task made and fostered significant improvements in silicon sheet including processing of both ingot and ribbon technologies. An additional important outcome was the vastly improved understanding other characteristics associated with high-qualitymore » sheet, and the control of the parameters required for higher efficiency solar cells. Although significant sheet cost reductions were made, the technology advancements required to meet the Task cost goals were not achieved.« less


Counterfeits are acts of unfair competition to carry on transactions in the market and cause damage to competitors according to the law of the PRC for countering unfair competition. The illegal act has four forms of expression. The authors have provided a detailed analysis of the determination of the unlawful act.


This paper presents the introduction of a method for optical design, modelling and simulation of a three-dimensional microelectromechanical system (3D MEMS) based on a photonic cross-connect. The 3D MEMS switch fabric architecture based on highly reactive micromirrors is ideal for switches with large and medium ports of counts. Due to this reason, it is necessary to provide responsive closed-loop control to position the mirrors accurately representing optimization of control by an advantage of the 3D optical MEMS. In optimization of control of 3D MEMS technologies, the position control utilizing an optical feedback is not capable of correcting shocks, vibrations and other instabilities. The forwarded 3D MEMS closed-loop control technology employs integrated position-sensing electronics in a closed-loop control system of a position of micromirrors and maintains stability. Simulation results of modal control represent a chosen position of a micromirror depending on capacity changes between the micromirror and the electrodes. The paper presents closed-loop control, as well as multi-physical modelling and simulation of a double-gimbaled MEMS-based cross-connect. Moreover, the case study including simulation and optimization of micromirror tilting is also given. Possibilities of applying the presented optimization of closed-loop control are straightforward, and they are able to improve dynamic behaviour of micromirrors significantly.


Imaging aperture is a key issue in applying Kirchhoff-type migration methods. Both the size and the form of the imaging aperture significantly affect the computational efficiency, the signal-to-noise ratio of the image, and the true amplitude information. We propose a new implementation of Kirchhoff migration with an optimized imaging aperture that is determined using migration velocity and ray incidence angle information computed directly from the data. Different from Kirchhoff migration with an artificially truncated aperture, the new method migrates a trace to a narrow region filled with specular reflection points, leading to higher computational efficiency and fewer migration artifacts. In contrast to wavepath migration, the new method smears trace energy not only to discrete Fresnel zones associated with strong reflectors, but also to the gaps among the Fresnel zones. Therefore, weak reflectors are better imaged in the new method, and the interface continuity is also improved. Numerical results with the Marmousi dataset show that the new method performs well in resolving the target anticline and revealing weak reflectors.


Field experiments were conducted for two years on a krasnozem at Devonport and on an alluvial soil at Ouse in Tasmania to investigate the effect of basal and side-dressed phosphorus (P) on the yield (achene yield) and pyrethrins (Py) concentration in dry achenes, on tissue P concentrations of pyrethrum and on soil Colwell P (P,). At both sites, 0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 kg P ha-' was band-placed at planting (basal P) in May 1990. In September 1991, plots were subdivided and 0, 75, 150 and 200 kg P ha-' was side-dressed. Application of up to 100 kg basal P ha-' increased achene and Py yield by > 50% in the 1990 crop at both sites. Residual P from the 1990 application tended to reduce the 1991 achene yield, Py concentration and Py yield at both sites (P = 0.09). Side-dressing of P in spring 1991 did not influenced the achene and Py yield at either site. The maximum of combined 1990 and 1991 achene and Py yield was attained with 50 kg P ha-' and no side-dressed P. Top-soil PC in 1990 was highly correlated with rates of both basal and side-dressed P, achene yield and P concentration in plant tissues. The concentration of P in shoots, apical tissues and youngest fully expanded leaves of the 1990 crop was highly correlated with the rate of basal P and achene yield. The apical tissues were more suitable for diagnostic work because of the ease and speed of sampling.


Control rolling is an efficient way in strengthening properties of steel. This paper summarized the way of control rolling in forepart and the practice of production Ⅲ grade bar with Q235 in steel rolling plant of Shuicheng Iron Steel Co.Ltd. This paper also put forward the imagination of further practice.


A hybrid procedure is presented that combines the least-squares finite element method (LSFEM) and the transfinite element method for analysing microwave circuits. The benefits of the LSFEM for modelling the interior region of the circuit are combined with those of the transfinite element method to effectively couple the fields to semi-infinite port regions where the scattering parameters of the circuit are to be determined. The validity and efficiency of this new technique are demonstrated.


This is a preliminary report of an experiment in a rotating dishpan with topographical barrier and no temperature gradient, to study the effect of topographical barriers on zonal currents in the atmosphere or in the ocean, in the case of no latitudinal variation of rotating velocity to verify the author's previous theoretical results.


We consider a version of pattern matching useful in processing large musical data: δ-matching, which consists in finding matches which are 6-approximate in the sense of the distance measured as maximum difference between symbols. The alphabet is an interval of integers, and the distance between two symbols a, b is measured as |a - b|. We present δ-matching algorithms fast on the average providing that the pattern is non-flatand the alphabet interval is large. The pattern is flat if its structure does not vary substantially. We also consider (δ, γ)-matching, where γ is a bound on the total number of errors. The algorithms, named δ-BM1, δ-BM2 and δ-BM3 can be thought as members of the generalized Boyer-Moore family of algorithms. The algorithms are fast on average. This is the first paper on the subject, previously only occurrence heuristics have been considered. Our heuristics are much stronger and refer to larger parts of texts (not only to single positions). We use δ-versions of suffix tries and subword graphs. Surprisingly, in the context of 6-matching subword graphs appear to be superior compared with compacted suffix trees.


As emergency physicians become more skilled in using rapid sequence intubation (RSI), more questions arise about the specific agents used in this


With the development and progress of equipment status monitoring and fault diagnosis technology, the status maintenance based on equipment status evaluation is gradually popularized and applied. By monitoring the quantity of equipment state and diagnosing the equipment state, a reasonable method of equipment state evaluation can be used to determine whether the equipment needs maintenance or not. This paper proposes a method of power equipment failure rate model based on meteorological environment. This method firstly uses the fuzzy c-means algorithm(FCM) to conduct fuzzy clustering of meteorological environment sequences in the historical sample data and forecast meteorological sequences in the maintenance period. Then, on the basis of clustering analysis, the grey relational degree analysis is carried out on the same kind of meteorological feature sequence, so as to obtain the power equipment failure probability with meteorological conditions in the maintenance period. The results show that the proposed method can more accurately calculate the failure probability of the equipment, and it is of practical significance to reduce the influence of maintenance on the reliability of power grid operation.


Four kinds of palladium catalysts,supported on γ-Al2O3 and promoted by La and/or Mn,were prepared by impregnation method.The physico-chemical properties of these catalysts were characterized by BET and XRD techniques.The effect of methane combustion activity of the catalyst samples were investigated.The results indicat that the catalyst mixed with the transition metal Mn leads to an enhancement in methane combustion,whereas accelerates transition of γ-Al2O3 to α-Al2O3.The catalyst mixed with the earth metal La does not improve methane combustion activity obviously,but restrains transition γ-Al2O3 to α-Al2O3 as well as enhances thermal stability of catalysts under high-temperature calcination.0.5Pd/Mn/Al2O3 performs reasonably better catalytic activity during low temperature stage,however 0.5Pd/LaMnAl11O19 shows the best catalytic active among the all catalysts under high temperature stage.As a interim product of CH4,CO yield increases gradually between 700 ℃ and 800℃,which is caused by decomposition of PdO to Pd with less activity.After that,CO yield derceases quickly and nearly disappears when the temperature rises to 830 ℃ caused by cooperate effect of catalytic activity and homogeneous combustion.


Internet commerce is nowadays a well known phenomenon. There is awareness that a lot of newly created companies operate their business through the Internet. You can see a tendency where many young ...


Michael Given's essay on the situation under early British rule does show that then, as today, proμt is a powerful force in society (pp. 255–60). However rapacious the nineteenth century was, the progressive legislation under the Ottomans to control excavation and the export of antiquities and the plan to create a museum were eventually realized under British rule. It is a pity that the founding of the Cyprus Museum is given so little treatment (pp. 270–1). Cyprus in the nineteenth century was not just a source of curious antiquities; it was a romantic world in the eastern Mediterranean, and early travellers were attracted by this. But it is clear from the accounts of early travellers that something was missing—the major monuments of antiquity still standing (A. Serghidou, pp. 21–31). The acquisition of the island by Britain in 1878 faced incredible ignorance of all parties concerned and was motivated by military strategic concerns (P. W. Edbury, pp. 13–20). The essays on archaeological material generally complement the historical analyses, in that they provide new evidence on material collected in the nineteenth century. Most important is Veronica Tatton-Brown's extensive list of original manuscripts and correspondence in the British Museum (pp. 168–83); Maria Hadjicosti's work on Ormideia (pp. 53–69); Despo Polites's work in Nicosia (pp. 80–92); Donald M. Bailey and Marilyn Hockey's on material from Tomb 73 at Curium, now in the British Museum (pp. 109–33); and Marco Bettelli and Silviana di Paolo's on Cypriot objects in Perugia (pp. 134–40). The organization and editing of this volume leave something to be desired; there are quite a number of typos, but primarily the sequence of articles is at best capricious. Yet it is clear that this book provides in one place a wealth of information on the exploration of Cyprus and will serve as a useful guide for further research.


SUMMARY– A procedure for direct GLC analysis of orange essence was developed. The procedure uses a Porapak precolumn to separate the water, methanol, acetaldehyde and ethanol from the remainder of the volatile organic constituents of the essence. Determination of the organic material in the essence can be obtained by this method from a 25 μl sample of aqueous essence. The method allows a quantitative estimation of acetaldehyde, methanol and ethanol as well as the smaller amounts of other organic compounds in the essence.


Much of natural language processing is focused on leveraging large capacity language models, typically trained over single messages with a task of predicting one or more tokens. However, modeling human language at higher-levels of context (i.e., sequences of messages) is under-explored. In stance detection and other social media tasks where the goal is to predict an attribute of a message, we have contextual data that is loosely semantically connected by authorship. Here, we introduce Message-Level Transformer (MeLT) -- a hierarchical message-encoder pre-trained over Twitter and applied to the task of stance prediction. We focus on stance prediction as a task benefiting from knowing the context of the message (i.e., the sequence of previous messages). The model is trained using a variant of masked-language modeling; where instead of predicting tokens, it seeks to generate an entire masked (aggregated) message vector via reconstruction loss. We find that applying this pre-trained masked message-level transformer to the downstream task of stance detection achieves F1 performance of 67%.


Agriculture has always been a basic problem of China's economy. China's agriculture is difficult to carry out scale and industrialization management.The income per capita is very low too. After the entrance of WTO, a large number of foreign agricultural products were poured into the domestic market, the trade of agricultural products was assaulted intensely because of the lost of the comparative advantage. China should take the positive measure to promote agriculture industrialization management, change existing agricultural institutional framework , make great efforts to raise peasant's income.


The security of state and social property in agriculture is a task of the utmost importance. In Krasnodar Territory much attention is given to protecting socialist property in agriculture.