The remote sensing exploration measure based on the geological model is applied to copper deposit prospecting in northeast Yunnan.It is different from normal process,which the prediction region is designated in ETM remote sensing image after the image is described,that the geological model is built based on the field work in typical area,and the distribution of ore deposits is derived from the model analysis,and then the remote sensing prospecting model is further developed.Thus,lithology,structure,alteration and other ore elements selected according to the prospecting model through remote sensing interpretation,combined with other multiple information controls the distribution of deposits into a comprehensive analysis and,ultimately,integrated anomalous area delineated.


In the late 1880s a pre-fabricated Japanese house was shipped from Kobe, Japan, to Brisbane, Australia, and erected in the up-market suburb of New Farm by Japanese tradesmen. This paper is developed from a broader project researching the life of G W Paul, the man who had the house built and subsequently lived in it for the remainder of his life. Paul's motivation in importing the house represented a unique, but unfulfilled effort to develop a future, hybrid culture for Queensland. This effort took the form of a commercial venture to construct Japanese houses as desirable and climatically suitable dwellings. Against the backdrop of this ambition, this paper presents new research to elucidate and extend previous knowledge, assesses the reception of the house by its nineteenth century Brisbane audience, and considers possible reasons for the limited response which signalled the cancellation of the commercial venture.


Particles contained in air can deposit on the blade surface to cause fouling when lubricating oil and water steam are existed. Fouling changes blade geometry and blade surface roughness is increased, thus aerodynamic performance is affected. Many researchers simulated axial flow compressor fouling by adding constant surface roughness and modifying blade thickness which can't reflect the real status of fouled compressor. In this paper, reverse technology is introduced to reconstruct the solid model of fouled compressor which is imported into fluid flow simulation software. The flow of gas phase and gas-solid coupling phase are implemented to reveal the nature of flow in fouled axial flow compressor. Based on Euler-Lagrange model, this paper made numerical simulation of gas-solid two phase flow in the axial flow compressor rotor cascade. Simulation result shows that fouling causes the decrease of effective flow area, thus thermodynamic performance is degraded. Gas-solid phase flow shows that particles are not uniformly deposited on the blade surface. When particle is smaller and rotor blade is rough, it is more easily deposited on the surface. And particle mass concentration is affected by ambient conditions such as inlet temperature, rotational speed, particle diameter, particle mass flow rate.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


It is well known that in a multiple-user synchronous DS-CDMA system with multipath fading, the widely used RAKE receiver is suboptimal. Recently there has been interest in the use of chip-equalizers before despreading in order to restore the orthogonality of the transmitted sequences at the receiver. However, the issue of adapting these equalizers fast enough to track a wideband fading channel is still an open problem. In this paper we first show that if the optimal MMSE equalizer taps for a pilot sequence are used for equalizing other users, the MSE performance is very close to that obtained by using the optimal taps for that user, i.e. the equalizer taps that are optimal for the pilot sequence are, when multiplied by a gain factor, close to optimal for any other user in the system. We then go on to show that a DS-CDMA system that uses multiple pilot sequences can very effectively track fast-fading channel variations using least-squares adaptation on the known pilot sequences.


The EU Nitrates Directive is of a prime importance in respect of sustaining the natural resources for the reduction and prevention of nitrate pollution resulting from agricultural activities, and it constitutes an integral part of the EU Water Framework Directive. Accepted by the European Council in 1991, the directive entered into force being published in Official Gazette in 2004 in Turkey as "Regulation on the Protection of Waters against Pollution Caused by Nitrates from Agricultural Sources." As of this date, works on harmonization have been intensely continued. The works brought together multiple organizations that are notable in terms of waterworks and ensured informatory exchange through the contributions of the EU member states. Approaching to the finalization of its harmonization process, Turkey will proclaim its country either a "border to border nitrate-sensitive zone" or "nitrate vulnerable zone" in order to issue the secondary legislations required by the Nitrates Directive in accordance with these approaches. This paper covers the current works conducted with regard to the implementation of the Nitrates Directive and it has been prepared aiming at inviting attentions to the current and possible complications in the implementation process.


Myanmar is both a dream and a nightmare for energy companies. First, it is undoubtedly resource rich. According to the BP Statistical Review of World Energy, the country had 17.5tn cf of proven natural gas reserves at the end of 2008, roughly the same as Vietnam. Yet it is ruled by a pariah military regime that is accused of gross human rights violations. Both the European Union (EU) and the US have imposed stiff economic sanctions on Myanmar while human rights groups lobby tirelessly, pressuring overseas companies working in the country to spend money on damage control to their corporate image. Dinah Gardner reports.


Abstract The tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI)-promoted generation of sulfur-containing compounds from benzenesulfonyl chlorides and alkenes is described. Under acidic condition, a wide range of β-alkoxy sulfides were obtained in good to excellent yields, whereas under alkaline conditions, various vinyl sulfones were produced in moderate to good yields. A novel preparation of (E)-β-iodovinyl sulfones was achieved through direct difunctionalization of alkynes with benzenesulfonyl chlorides and TBAI.


The paper deals with modeling the stress state experienced by rocks in a loaded around-borehole volume to justify a promising method of in-situ stress measurements based on the Kaiser effect. Mathematical modeling of loading the horizontal borehole walls with a NX-borehole jack in a direction of principal components σ1 or σ3 of the natural stress field was performed for conditions of the unperturbed salt rock mass of the Verkhnekamskoe potassium salt deposit. As a result of the numerical calculation of stresses, it was determined that recovery of radial component σr in compression regions of the rock volume around the borehole occurs when the jack's pressure reaches the initial value of the principal stress. At the same time, the concentration of tangential component σθ in these regions is retained. The rock salt specimens were tested under modes similar to the stress states of the rocks in the around-borehole volume to study the Kaiser effect under these conditions using a triaxial compression vessel. It was found that in the second loading cycle, the recovery of the initial values of axial component σaxial of the specimen stress field, unloaded after the first cycle, stimulates acoustic emission. This regularity is true for the case when there is no increase in confining pressure σconf on the specimen between the cycles. In the conditions with an increase in confining pressure σconf between the first and second cycles, the Kaiser effect is found at higher values of σaxial component than the initial ones. It is shown that the nature of the effect depends on a type of a specimen's initial stress state and is caused by the growth resumption of longitudinal microcracks, if σaxial > σconf in the first loading cycle, or by a closure of lateral microcracks when σaxial < σconf in the first loading cycle.


Actively mode-locked diode-pumped solid-state lasers regularly generate pulse widths which are several times shorter than those predicted by classical mode-locking theory.


The present invention has a nutritional value and improved, and protein products having improved organoleptic properties and uses thereof. In particular, the present invention provides a rich product fermented protein based on bean and yeast fermented, the heating step is performed where next to fermentation. .FIELD 1


rhages. "Platelet stickiness" can be reduced by a variety of drugs such as aspirin and dipyridamole. Although a Canadian study showed a reduction of strokes after transient ischemic attacks with the use of four aspirin a day, the benefit, which was for men only, was at best modest. The expectation of developing more effective and specific treatment to prevent strokes has dovetailed with research on the pathophysiology of platelets, coagulation and prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are inhibited by aspirin, but two prostaglandins are crucial in platelet aggregation. Prostacyclin, which is synthesized in vessel walls, is a powerful antiaggregant and is opposed by thromboxane A., a potent platelet aggregant that is synthesized in the platelets. Low-dose aspirin therapy preferentially interferes with function of thromboxane A2, which reduces the likelihood of platelet aggregation. Adenosine diphosphate plus thromboxane A2 are two potent platelet aggregants; therefore, inhibition of adenosine diphosphate secretion with dipyridamole may be synergistically effective. Ongoing collaborative studies by Fields and co-workers on combination therapy using aspirin (one 320-mg tablet four times a day) plus dipyridamole (75 mg four times a day) and by Bousser and associates in Paris should shed light on this problem. Furthermore, more specific agents that will directly affect the prostaglandins show promise of even greater effectiveness. While awaiting the results of clinical trials and newer drugs, the following medical therapy for transient ischemic attacks of the brain can be recommended: low-dose aspirin (one 320-mg tablet a day) and dipyridamole (50 mg three times a day). FRANK M. YATSU, MD


To have a language-symbol based examination of human cognitive action,we should first represent the situation of language-symbol existence.Language-symbol is only the representation of cognitive action and of experience or knowledge.As a cultural reality,the reality of human cognitive action is that of language-symbol in context;this is an overturn of the reality of physical positivism in the domain and the way of identification about reality.The epistemological essence of the subject of context lies in the following: it's not to surpass,let alone to betray the real human life to acknowledge philosophy and other human experience/knowledge;we should examine human wisdom and other mental life in the framework of cultural wholeness.


Heated soybean diet, supplemented with Birk-Bowman trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor from soybean or with chicken ovomucoid, caused pancreas enlargement in chicks but did not affect significantly their growth rate. The effect of the two inhibitors upon the enzymatic activities in the intestinal tract was tested and found to be quite similar.


Most of the investigations of ultraviolet(UV)-radiation effects on organisms have been made with 254nm from a germicidal lamp. The specific DNA lesion, pyrimidine dimers, caused by UV irradiation have been shown to be toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic. In contrast, knowledge of the biological effects of far UV(UV-C) radiation may not be relevant to the carcinogenic, mutagenic and lethal effects of UV in sunlight. Recently, since it has been indicated that the DNA lesions caused by mid-UV(280-320nm, UV-B) and nearUV(320-400nm, UV-A) is harmful to a wide variety of organisms, the studies of mid-UV and near-UV effects are considered to be important. The possible DNA damages caused by mid-UV and near-UV are summarized in the present review. In mid-UV range, both the pyrimidine dimers and other photoproducts such as 5-hydroxy-methyl cytosine may be responsible for the observed biological effects and they are repairable by excision repair systems or T4 endonuclease. Several DNA damages of near-UV are indicated to be DNA strand breaks dependent on pol+ and nur+ repair systems, DNA-protein cross-links and a small amount of pyrimidine dimers which are responsible to repair deficint mutants including human patients. In addition, other kinds of photodamages in tRNA carrying cytidine 13 and thiouridine 8 link than DNA damage are indicated to also interact to repair processes.


Ultrasonic imaging is taking a larger and larger role in the NDE of turbine engine materials and in support of fracture mechanics calculations. It is also playing an increasing role in quality and process control. For most fracture toughness calculations, it is necessary to establish the accuracy with which a flaw's size and shape are imaged, whether single or multiple flaws are involved, and the spacing of multiple flaws. Because of these requirements, resolution, as well as detection sensitivity, has become an issue. There are a number of resolution targets that can provide this type of calibration information for an ultrasonic imaging system. A fused quartz USAF 1951 target, similar to the patterns used in this work, was first used by Gilmore (1986), but Gilmore's pattern was superficial and subsurface evaluations were limited to focusing on the pattern from the opposite side of the blank and monitoring the reflection from what is now the target backwall. Work by Paton (1977) did produce buried targets in titanium samples, but there was no practical method to produce buried targets in high-temperature ceramics until the techniques developed by Rodel and Glaeser (1987) were used to produce the targets described in this paper. Optically transparent resolution targets make it feasible to verify visually that the resolution target has been correctly fabricated. An image of the target with a candidate ultrasonic transducer then permits quantitative image resolution estimates to be made even when the interrogating acoustic beam contains significant refractive aberration. This is important because useful subsurface images can be acquired with the use of acoustic beams that are aberrant to the point that diffraction-limited beam-width calculations are meaningless. This work also demonstrates how the interdisciplinary skills of manufacturing companies can be combined with those of universities to produce results that any one of the individual members of the team could not have produced alone, without significant increases in labor, time, and cost.


In patients with esophageal varices, hemorrhage is common and often lethal and is one of the most serious complications of cirrhosis. Majority of persons who survived initial episode experienced rebleeding within one year which has a mortality rate of 33%. In the present case, the patient had an episode of rebleeding from esophageal varices, 6 months after the first episode which proved fatal.


When electric power supply interruption is caused by a fault, it is imperative to restore the power system promptly to an optimal target configuration after the fault. The problem of obtaining a target system is referred to as power system restoration. Both mathematical programming (MP) and expert systems (ES) have been used to solve restoration problems. However, existing approaches based on either MP and ES alone have inherent limitations stemming from their own paradigms. Mathematical progressing can obtain an optimal configuration under specified operational constraints, but requires a relatively long solution time. Although ES are effective in that they can utilize expert knowledge, maintenance of large-scale ES requires inordinate effort.

This paper proposes a new approach to power system restoration that utilizes both methodologies so as to exploit both systems' advantages. That is, a system under study is decomposed into a set of subsystems based on the knowledge of restoration experts, which is realized as an expert system. Then, MP is applied to each decomposed subsystem to obtain an optimal target configuration. A feasible operation sequence leading to the target configuration is generated by ES. This approach reduces significantly the computation time required to obtain target systems and is far less than would be the case if the total system is solved (as a unity). Moreover, the number of rules in the knowledge-base are greatly decreased.


The road of new-type industrialization is relative to the traditional road of industrialization. The traditional industrialization roads refers to the road taken by the western capitalist countries and former U.S.S.R as well as China before the reformation. The new-type industrialization differs completely with the traditional one in the property possession system, realization mechanism, realization route, development base and exterior circumstance .Following the new-type route of the industrialization is the right choice on the base of summarization the experience of the traditional industrialization and true orientation to the phase of the development of industrialization in our country .The essential of the new-type route of the industrialization is to upgrade the industrial structure, namely to upgrade the choice of the leading industry , the furnishment of the technology and the industrial structure.


Summary A filter paper disc method for the determination of polymyxin in blood and urine is described. Using 1/4-inch diameter discs, 0.25 μg of polymyxin per ml of blood may be determined in triplicate with samples of blood as small as 0.05 ml.


Abstract (1 A) Norwegian group life insurance does not have the multiplicity of benefits provided by American [4] or even Swedish [1, 2, 3, 7, 12] insurers. The only coverage given 1 is a straight death benefit for groups of lives, such as the employees of a firm or the members of a professional or vocational association. The sums assured of this group term life assurance are, in principle, stipulated for one year at a time, and natural premiums are paid for the single-year risk at the beginning of each contract year. Renewal of a group policy at the end of a contract year is usually quite automatic, however, and the insurer will commonly assume that the same sums will be in force until otherwise notified. Still, the whole contract is really a single-year transaction which can be terminated (or where the tariff can be changed) at the end of any contract year without necessitating any settlement of future obligations.


Through understanding pricing ma-nagement modes of developed countries, the reasons have been analyzed and the disparity found out. This paper expounds the importance of pricing management system in China and the government should play effect in municipal engineering pricing management.


Tailoring the graphene-covered Fe with Cs modifies the surface electronic properties of the catalysts such that selective C–O bond cleavage of phenol is achieved in liquid phase by inhibiting the facile tautomerization followed by ring saturation.


Endo,exo- 11,11-Dimethoxytetracyclo[184.108.40.206 3,6 .0 2,7 ]dodeca-9-en-12-one (1), C 14 H 18 O 3 , M r =234.30, monoclinic, P2 1 /n, a=14. 1 13 (2), b=10.032 (1), c=17.086 (2) A, β=103.55 (1) o , V=2351.74 A 3 , Z=8, D x =1.323 g cm -3 , λ(Cu Kα)= 1.54056 A, μ=7.038 cm -1 , F(000)=1008, T= 133 K, R=0.0433 and wR=0.0435 for 4255 unique reflections. The molecule contains a norbornanone unit fused to a substituted norbornene. The ring C atom of the ketone is sigificantly pyramidalized


In the present paper, CFD predictions for the Benchmark test of the JAPAN Bulk Carrier (JBC) with and without an energy saving device (ESD) were performed. The comparisons between the results of CFD predictions and model tests show that the present method could predict the delivered power tendency of ESD. Then this method is used for the design and optimization the ESD of an oil tanker, three parameters are investigated based on SOBOL algorithm, series CFD predictions are performed to assess the delivered power of different variants. The best ESD variant with 2.95% reduction of delivered power is obtained for the oil tanker. The model tests of resistance and self-propulsion were conducted for the validation the effects of ESD, the results show that about 3.5% delivered power reduction with the optimized ESD


Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to report the prevalence and risk factors of bilateral meniscal tears during a tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO). Methods Data from 362 dogs that underwent staged or simultaneous TPLO between January 2006 and April 2019 were retrospectively collected. Variables such as breed, sex, weight change and intervals between surgeries were analysed with logistic regression. Preoperative tibial plateau angle, age, cranial cruciate ligament status and body weight were analysed with a generalized linear mixed model. All analyses were performed to assess the likelihood of bilateral meniscal tears versus unilateral tears and no tears. Correlation of meniscal tears between stifles was assessed with Cohen's kappa coefficient. Results Prevalence of bilateral meniscal tears was 48.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 43.0–53.0%). There was moderate agreement of the presence of meniscal tears between stifles (Cohen's kappa coefficient = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.31–0.51).The odds for bilateral meniscal tears were higher for Rottweilers (odds ratio [OR:] 4.5 [95% CI 1.1–30.3], p = 0.033), older dogs (OR: 1.2 [95% CI: 1.1–1.4 per year], p < 0.0001), smaller dogs (OR: 0.98 [95% CI: 0.97–0.99 per 0.45-kg], p = 0.001), stifles with complete cranial cruciate ligament tears (OR: 21.1 [95% CI: 7.1–62.4], p < 0.0001). Conclusion Contralateral meniscal tears, breed, older age, lower patient weight and complete cranial cruciate ligament tear were significant risk factors for bilateral meniscal tears. Surgeons can use these results to determine prognoses and propensities for meniscal tears in at-risk dogs.


A set of terminal scripts and benchmarks were derived for comparing the performance of time sharing and batch computer operating systems. Some of the problems encountered in designing valid benchmarks for comparing computer operating systems under both terminal and batch loads are discussed.The results of comparing TSS/360, CP/67 and MTS time sharing systems for the IBM 360/67 over a wide range of load conditions are presented. The results of comparing TSS, MTS and OS/MVT under batch loads are also presented. The tests were conducted with Simplex and Dual processor configurations with 256K bytes to 768K bytes of main memory.The conclusions were quite surprizing in that CP/67 running on a minimal system performed competitively with TSS/360 on a much larger dual processor system. With equal configurations CP/67 out performed TSS/360 by a wide margin. Furthermore, MTS providing both batch and terminal support produced performance that was 5 percent to 25 percent better than the split configuration with CP/67 providing the terminal support and OS/MVT providing the batch processing support.Serious performance degradation of the time sharing computer systems from overloading was experienced and a simple solution is suggested to prevent such degradation. The degradation was so severe as to render the performance less than that of a sequential job processor system.


: Based on a 6 month retrospective analysis of clinic records, the present study reports a detailed profile of nursing services provided for guests at three tropical island tourist resorts. A total of 1183 clinic visits were analysed, with presentations coded according to the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC). The main reasons for presentation were skin problems, ear disorders, respiratory, digestive and musculoskeletal complaints. Health services consisted mainly of medication, specialist nursing care and first aid. Study findings highlight the importance of using an internationally accepted classification system for primary health research, and the critical role of the nurse in tourist health services.


In the early stages of the design process, the conceptual design is the stage that can determine the product cost up to 80% on average. In this stage, there are more than one product concept program to choose from. However, to make a concept prototype, and to survey a sufficient number of consumers need, a lot of time and cost need to be spent. In order to solve the above problems, this paper introduces a real-time innovative design of the network-based customer evaluation and selection methods. This method makes full use of the internet and information technology which is able to quickly transport consumer demand to the conceptual scheme at a lower cost and by calculating the extent of consumer preferences on a variety of conceptual design schemes in a short period time allow consume make their decision on a real-time basis during the design phase.


The leaves of tissue culture stocks and of 8 years old trees of transgenic Populus tomentosa were taken as materials using centrifuge tube.The materials were grinded for 15~20 s with DNA extraction buffer at room temperature.Samples were centrifuged,and the supernatants of 5-fold diluted were used as a PCR template DNA to detect the Bt gene and the NptⅡ gene.


In the first part of this work we assessed water relations that contribute to determine the behavior of a hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) orchard.
Hazelnut can still be considered a semi-wild forestal plant that was domesticated through the years without undergoing substantial changes from its wild habitus. In particular genetic improvement, a technique that has been successfully applied to almost all fruit crops, didn't really take off for hazelnut and, of the few cultivars released in time, no one has been adopted globally. The lack of standardized cultivar in terms of adaptation and reactions to environmental factors has led the management of the hazelnut orchard to be frequently performed unprofessionally with many different theories applied. It has also to be considered the strong expansionistic momentum that the crop is experiencing both in industrialized countries (Italy. USA, France) and in economies in transition (Georgia, Azerbaijan, China). In the formers is competing with cash crops taking marginal land and carving its own niche on the market thanks to its effect of diversifying agricultural investments and keeping the risks low. The main drawback this crop is subject to is the lack of a proper monitoring of environmental stresses, especially those related to water use and its implications in the functioning of the plant. Particularly the Italian scenario, where most of the orchards are thought not to be needing scheduled irrigation, suffers from recurrent water deficits that alter production and pose a threat to plants' health. The object of this work is to individuate simple key performance indicators that could be effectively used to determine risk thresholds for the need of a temporary irrigation in the productive orchard.
To do so the work was carried out in several different areas that highlighted dissimilar parameters, two permanent plots were set up in the villages of Cravanzana and Baldisserod'Alba in the Piedmont region. Different parameters were measured using a full set of sensors among which a weather station, multilevel soil moisture probes, Granier's probes for sap flow and a dendrometer for stem radial variations. At the same time field measurements with a gas analyzer and a pressure chamber were conducted both in the permanent plots and in the temporary ones; these comprise sites in Georgia, Chile and South Africa. Soil moisture data showed a peculiar trend for the year 2011, the 16 cm stratum gave evidence about water stress situations already in May and other 3 stress events were detected throughout the growing season. When the most superficial level of the soil was completely depleted, deeper roots were observed to activate and to absorb water from lower levels such as the ones at 86 cm and at 116 cm. The investigations of these dynamics allow to define the thresholds for water depletion at each soil level thus to understand when the water content was minimal and to focus on the plant's reactions during these events. Sap flow was correlated with VPD (Vapor Pressure Deficit) when water was available in good quantities while it became more related to the diameter at breast height of each individual when the water supply started to be scarce. Through the identification of the stress period during May and of a relatively safe period in terms of water availability in July, it was possible to spot consistent differences in terms of net photosynthetic rate and WUE (Water Use Efficiency) in all the trees. In particular the low water supply during May along with exceptionally high values of VPD could have affected the correct development of new twigs, it will be possible to estimate the consequences only next year since it will be these branches to bear the crop. On the other hand the favorable conditions encountered during the month of July are a reliable indicator for the filling of the kernel that takes place during this time of the year. The kernel to shell ratio was found to be dependant from the average temperature during May with the highest values ranking always for the above average years. The same relations was expressed in the total production by hectare with the mean temperature of August that resulted to be detrimental in decreasing the yield when too high. The latter issue could be solved applying emergency irrigation when the water stress is detected during this period.
In the second part of the study a TGdL hazelnut orchard located near in the village of Diano d'Alba (Piedmont) was analyzed to determine carbon fixation by the plants also working out biomass accumulation per hectare. To do so 15 hazelnut trees (26 scaffolds) considered to be representative of a diameter range spanning from 1 to 18 cm where selected and cut at the collar. Once at the laboratory the samples where subdivided in 3 categories, stem, main branches (> 1 cm in diameter) and twigs (< 1 cm in diameter) and were measured for fresh weight, volume and, after being oven dried, dry weight. For each individual, leaves were weighted and leaf area was obtained by selecting representative samples of leaves. Biomass accumulation, for each fraction, was determined for each diameter of the range using already existing allometric relations, a carbon fixation curve was elaborated for each individual and by hectare. Ring count allowed to relate the results to the age of each plant but this value is not considered to be fully accurate because of the many parameters that concur in shaping the growth of the orchard through time. SLA (Specific Leaf Area) was determined as the LAI (Leaf Area Index) that derives from it. Wood density was measured in the process and it resulted in accordance with existing literature. The results of this work permit to rapidly retrieve the output, as total above ground biomass, using a simple input as breast height diameter, measured in the field. The resulting values are necessary in the development phase of any carbon related project within the Kyoto mechanisms framework.


Lincoln, Thomas R. , M.A. , September 1979 Anthropology Core Reduction and Artifact Curration: Patterns of Prehistoric Behavior from Northern Wyoming (85 pp.) From analysis of lithic assemblages from surface sites that have been 100 percent collected archaeologists should be able to get more informa tion about prehistoric behavior. The purpose of this research is to identify prehistoric cultural behavior as it is reflected in the lithic material from these small sites. Surface collections of lithic material collected from two areas in northern Wyoming were used; 11 sites from the Polecat Bench and 25 from the Acme, Wyoming, area. By analyzing each artifact on the basis of observed attributes, those behaviors associated with material procure ment, artifact movement, and site activity were identified. Of major importance was the identification of differences in core reduction stages for the two areas. It was discovered that different patterns of artifact movement and core reduction activity are represented in the two study areas. Seventy-two percent of the Polecat Bench sites had raw material on-site. Most sites in this area were initial core reduction sites. Raw material was imported to 96 percent of the Acme sites. These sites showed more secondary core reduction and tool manufacturing activities than was present at Polecat Bench. Director: Dee C. Taylor


The fatty acid synthetase system from E. coli catalyzes the formation of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids from acetyl-CoA,I malonyl-CoA, and TPNH, in the presence of acyl carrier protein (ACP).2-4 Olefinic acids are favored; cis-vaccenic acid is the major product, comprising 70-80 per cent of the nonpolar fatty acids formed. cis-vaccenate.


land, giving land as gifts, and resolving disputes into the wider political settings of the Merovingian and Carolingian eras. Innes's perspective is usually from the bottom up (the workings of local groups, particularly the aristocracy) and not from the top down (royal assertions of power over lower jurisdictions). The strength of this excellent book is to demonstrate how the local and central authorities responded to each other and how regional aristocrats served as mediators between kings and localities. Innes emphasizes how the types of land tenure generally precluded direct royal authority in local communities; kings intervened only in exceptional activities, such as the recruitment of armies or the maintenance of roads. Some of Innes's most original conclusions concern the ways local groups—monasteries and towns—developed complex patterns of collective action, patterns that allowed the local elites to link the localities to the political center. The author prefers not to distinguish too sharply between private and public power, as if the two were constantly engaged in a struggle for control. Instead, he convincingly portrays the dualism between locality and political center as one of mutual influence and self-interest. The Carolingian reforms were not attempts to create a state, but methods to maintain closer ties with the ecclesiastical and lay elites, who possessed much of the de facto power in the local communities. The kings after Charlemagne gradually learned how to define the limits of these intermediary groups between locality and center.


Asenapine maleate (ASM) is a new second-generation antipsychotic approved in August 2009 by U.S FDA for the acute treatment of schizophrenia and manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar disorder in adults. It shows poor oral bioavailability of < 2% due to extensive first pass metabolism in liver. The present study was aimed at developing and characterizing solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of ASM.SLNs were prepared by solvent injection method by employing Compritol ATO 888 as the lipid matrix and Poloxamer 188 as stabilizer. A 3 full factorial design was employed to study the influence of independent variables (amount of lipid and % surfactant) on dependent variables (particle size, and % entrapment efficiency). Optimized ASM-loaded SLNs were further studied for zeta potential, in vitro drug release and TEM. Nanoparticles were lyophilized to improve the physical stability and obtain free flowing powder. Mannitol was employed as a cryoprotectant. Lyophilized ASM-loaded SLNs were characterized using DSC and XRD. The optimized ASM-loaded SLNs exhibited mean particle size 318.5 ± 3.2 nm; polydispersity index of 0.255; zeta potential -29.75 ± (-0.92) mV; entrapment efficiency 53.13 ± 1.77 %; drug release extended up to 36 hours. TEM image exhibited spherical smooth surfaced nanoparticles. Accelerated stability studies of optimized ASM-loaded SLNs and Lyophilized ASM-loaded SLNs revealed its stability. The formulation developed shows reduction in dose and dosing frequency and thus reduces dose related side effects and improved patient compliance.


The greatest advantage of the EZ method is that it provides a simple, rapid and reliable technique to screen and evaluate the lithographic process. Thorough lithographic and dissolution rate examination can be performed for only the final selections of resist materials and process.


This thesis focuses on the marine carbonate gas reservoirs' perforated liner completion seepage law of Yuanba area,and considering the real gas deviation factor,density,and viscosity based on pressure,it also established the mathematical model. With the help of COMSOL Multiphysics software,the model could carry on seepage calculation,and then get near well seepage field distribution of perforated liner completion. The research obtained that the pressure change obviously shown as cone of depression from supply boundary to hole bottom,consistent with the trend of conventional analytical solution. When the gas in the wellbore location away from the flow rate of the flow velocity is small and close to stable,near-wellbore region wavy flow velocity distribution in which the maximum flow velocity at both ends,with emphasis on the speed of the sensitivity analysis.


Experiments have been performed on cracks growing in a weak elastic layer bonded to a stiffer beam. The plane of the initial crack is perpendicular to the interface between the layer and the beam (see Fig. 1). The applied load is initially mode I. A frequent observation is that the crack deflects following a curved path. Finally the crack runs almost parallel with the interface. Different ratios of layer heights are studied. The conditions for crack deflection are investigated, using finite element calculations verified by photoelastic data. A pure mode I path seems to be followed. A simple beam model shows that the crack after deflection will either approach the interface, find a steady-state path in the weaker material parallel to the interface or return to the stress free surface of the layer to form a fragment. (Less)


The article presents the main results of the participation in 2021 of the Regional Sociopsychological Center in the project "Providing services of psychological, pedagogical, methodological and advisory assistance to parents (legal representatives) of children, as well as citizens who wish to take in their families children left behind without parental care". The project was carried out on the basis of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education MSUPE within the framework of the federal project "Modern School" of the national project "Education". The materials confirming the demand for consulting assistance to parents on the development, upbringing, education and socialization of children are considered. The main participants of the project were educational psychologists, as well as recipients of counseling services — women and men aged 20 to 45, raising minor children. Counseling was carried out in various forms: face-to-face meetings, telephone conversations and online counseling. The results obtained make it possible to say that, on the one hand, there is a high interest of citizens of our country in receiving psychological, pedagogical, methodological and consulting assistance, and on the other hand, psychological counseling provides a wide range of opportunities for the professional development of specialists.


The current study focused on the antioxidant potential, α-amylase inhibitory activity, and hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and histoprotective (pancreas and kidney) effects of polyherbal emulsion on the alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Polyherbal formulations were prepared from extracts and oils of Nigella sativa (N. sativa), Citrullus colocynthis (C. colocynthis), and Silybum marianum (S. marianum). Out of nine stable formulations, one formulation named F6-SMONSECCE was found to be the best after its evaluation using antioxidant and in vitro α-amylase inhibition assay. The prepared herbal formulations showed significant (p < 0.05) antioxidant activity in terms of radical scavenging as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays and also revealed the presence of a significant amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. "F6- SMONSECCE" (prepared with composition; Silybum marianum oil (SMO) + Nigella sativa extract (NSE) + Citrullus colocynthis extract CCE) was selected for an in vivo trial to ascertain its antidiabetic potential. The treatment dose was determined by using an acute toxicity trial on rats. Administration of alloxan (150 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) significantly (P < 0.05) augmented the blood glucose levels and lipid contents as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoproteins (LDL-c), and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL-c). However, the levels of insulin and high-density lipoproteins (HDL-c) were found to be decreased, and the histopathological alterations were also found in the pancreas and kidney. The administration of the polyherbal formulation (F6-SMONSECCE) significantly attenuated the blood glucose levels (22.94%), TC (29.10%), TG (38.15%), LDL-c (27.58%), and VLDL-c (71.52%), whereas on the other side, the insulin (−149.15%) and HDL-c levels (−22.22%) were significantly increased. A significant histopathological normalization was observed in the pancreas and kidney tissues of the F6-SMONSECCE-treated rats. The current findings proposed that the prepared polyherbal formulation "F6-SMONSECCE" exhibited significant antioxidant, antilipidemic, and hypoglycemic potential and hence might be suggested as a remedy against diabetes or as a coadjuvant to synthetic medicines to maintain normal physiology.


Several methods exist for printer identification from a printed document. We have developed a system that performs printer identification using intrinsic signatures of the printers. Because an intrinsic signature is tied directly to the electromechanical properties of the printer, it is difficult to forge or remove. There are many instances where existance of the intrinsic signature in the printed document is undesireable. In this work we explore texture based attacks on intrinsic printer identification from text documents. An updated intrinsic printer identification system is presented that merges both texture and banding features. It is shown that this system is scable and robust against several types of attacks that one may use in an attempt to obscure the intrinsic signature.


In the mass collaboration mode, there exist a large number of product ideas with low value density and thousands of participants who are differed on their professional backgrounds, knowledge structures, and value orientations. It is impossible for each participant to give a comprehensive evaluation of each idea as that in traditional methods for the reasons as mentioned above. In order to solve this problem, a mass collaboration-driven method for recommending product ideas is proposed based on Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence (DST). Firstly, the method for computing basic probability assignment (BPA) function, which can effectively reflect the facticity of experts' evaluations, is introduced by discounting belief degrees with weights to extract the evaluation information of product ideas. Then, Dempster's combination rule is used to combine the derived BPA functions for two times: the first one is to combine the discounted BPA functions on all criteria with respect to a specified expert and the other is to combine the combined BPA functions for all experts with respect to a specified alternative. Finally, the steps of mass collaboration-driven method for recommending product ideas based on the DST are proposed. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method.


The courts of modern countries do not want to use the monopoly in the area of deciding about investments or sports cases. Henceforth, in time appeared a construction of alternative forms for solving such a dispute. They constitute an open category of proceedings solving sports disputes, which are undergoing a big evolution in some countries nowadays. Their common characteristic is the interference of a neutral third party (for example an arbitrator), with a purpose to present or propose to the parties a solution of a dispute. Arbitration is often thought as a quick and efficient method for determining controversies. The modern law prescribes formal and substantive requirements for the arbitration agreement, which must be made in writing. The requirement of a written form is also satisfied if in a contract between parties, they refer to a document containing a clause with a decision to resolve their dispute in arbitration, provided that such a contract is made in writing and the reference incorporates that clause into the contract. The principal problem related to the arbitration agreement "per relationem" or "by reference" lies in the consensual character of such agreement whereas the form of the agreement has been found to be a preliminary question to this matter. In the article the author analyses the institutional basis for obligatory arbitration in past and currently. This type of arbitration may be forced by a law, a third party (e.g. international sports federation) or a party of the legal relationship.


The Internet of Things network consists of smart devices connected to each other and deployed in domains of Industrial Monitoring, Military, Automatic Meter reading, Environment, Home automation, Healthcare etc. The network here is classified as LLN (Low Power and Lossy Network) due to resource constraints and the noisy employment environment. The design of Routing Algorithm is a crucial factor governing the performance of LLN's. The RPL (IPv6 Routing protocol for LLN's), specially designed for LLN's, is proposed by IETF ROLL working group. This protocol aims to construct a Destination Oriented DAG using a set of parameters and constraints defined within the chosen Objective Function. The two standard OF's documented in this protocol are Minimum rank with Hysteresis Objective Function (MRHOF) and Objective Function zero (OF0). The selection of Objective Function during the network implementation impacts the formation of the DODAG and in turn influences crucial parameters like Power Consumption, Packet Delivery Ratio, Latency, Convergence time, Network Lifetime etc. This paper aims to evaluate the RPL performance with OF0 and MRHOF, using Contiki-2.7 OS based COOJA simulator, for light and medium density networks. The simulation results indicate that MRHOF out performs OF0 for networks up to 70 nodes with respect to Energy Consumption. Above 110 nodes performance of OF0 is seen to be comparable to MRHOF.


The paucity of evidence of pre-1450 Ma tectonism in northern New Mexico limits the understanding of Paleoproterozoic magmatism, metamorphism, and deformation and correlating events regionally. Here, we report new field, petrographic, geochemical, and geochronological data from metamorphic rocks from the Gallinas Canyon area in the southern Sangre de Cristo Mountains of New Mexico that preserve evidence for 1.7 Ga tectonothermal metamorphism. Gallinas Canyon area metamorphic rocks include medium-grained quartzofeldspathic gneiss, amphibolitic gneiss, biotite schist, and granitic pegmatite. The units are in many places strongly layered and penetratively foliated with a dominant fabric dipping moderately to the southwest. Mafic units (amphibolite and biotite schist) show igneous differentiation trends and major and trace element characteristics of island arc tholeiites and ocean island arc basalts. All of these units were deformed and metamorphosed at upper-amphibolite facies (725°C, 550 MPa). Zircons from an amphibolite sample showed soccer ball morphologies and high (>10) elemental U/Th ratios indicative of metamorphic zircon. U-Pb isotopic analyses of this zircon population yielded an age of 1717 ±14 Ma, which we ascribe to amphibolite facies metamorphism during syntectonic emplacement of the ca. 1.7 Ga Hermit Peak granite. These data document Yavapai province arc-related magmatism, metamorphism, and deformation in northern New Mexico.


Objective To introduce the clinical experience of Professor Xie treating obesity with acupuncture and moxibustion. Methods According to syndrome differentiation, treating obesity with characteristic treatments of acupuncture and moxibustion such as acupuncture, catgut-embedding therapy at acupoints, auricular acupuncture ect. Results Acupuncture and moxibustion shows a good curative effect on obesity in clinical practice. Conclusion Treating obesity with acupuncture and moxibustion could be promoted clinically.


There are disadvantages in the practical application with Three-layer architecture of IOT (Internet of Things). In order to emphasize the level of IOT intelligent application, this paper introduces the five layers system architecture which can better interpret the meaning and features of the IOT, and discusses the gateway technology which connecting the sensing network and traditional communication network. According to the actual demand of hotel chain industry for improving guests' living environment, the paper also discusses the design of IOT application scheme with using the IOT gateway as a bridge. The scheme may effectively meet the service requirements of hotel chain industry.


A simplified mathematic-mechanical model for nonlinear analysis of beam-column is presented, using the varying section method of power function to simulate the distributing rule of the section stiffness of plastic beam-column in its longness and its validity is proved. This model to a certain extent unveils the inner distributional regularity of the plastic beam-column,with legible results and character of simple calculation. It can be regarded as a basic model for researching the elastic-plastic beam-column frame.


analysis identifies a synergistic interaction between FOXM1 and CENPF that drives prostate cancer malignancy. Cancer Cell 2014; 25: 638–51. 29 Dai Y, Liu L, Zeng T et al. Characterization of the oncogenic function of centromere protein F in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2013; 436: 711–8. 30 Ren B, Yu G, Tseng GC et al. MCM7 amplification and overexpression are associated with prostate cancer progression. Oncogene 2006; 25: 1090–8. 31 Padmanabhan V, Callas P, Philips G, Trainer TD, Beatty BG. DNA replication regulation protein Mcm7 as a marker of proliferation in prostate cancer. J. Clin. Pathol. 2004; 57: 1057–62. Supporting information


Disclosed is an etching method for semiconductor processing by which a pattern loading phenomenon is reduced. First, plasma is generated while setting a bias power applied to a wafer to zero and applying a source power. After a predetermined time period, an etching process is implemented onto a predetermined layer formed on the wafer by setting the bias power to a predetermined value. Since by-products generated during preceding etching processes can be readily removed during an etching using plasma, an etching process change due to a difference of pattern densities can be reduced. In addition, a progressive pattern loading generated as the number of processed wafers increase, can be prevented.


The article considers scientific grounds of theoretical and applied issues related to methodology and construction of statistical charts and their use in various statistical methods of processing and analyzing environmental and economic information. It is stressed that the graphic method is a special method of visual presentation of statistical data and images using geometric symbols, for generalization and analysis. The images are especially useful in preparing various presentations and making reports. A comprehensive and in-depth analysis of statistics allows for using various special techniques, with graphics taking an important place.


Abstract In this paper, a general performance of the PSS‐LCD or Polarization Shielded Smectic Liquid Crystal Display is discussed. This smectic base LCD does not use any spontaneous polarization, but uses induced polarization just sa me with current nematic base LCDs. Specific initial molecular alignment as well as specific cell design realizes ext remely fast optical response speed with native wide viewing angle. Moreover, this performance is provided by full compatible electronics for current conventional LCDs. A general performance of the PSS‐LCD is introduced herein.


For braking problems of high power BLDCM on aviation, with the characteristics of air power supply, this paper respectively studies the change of phase current in dynamic braking and plug breaking. It compares the speed performance of the different braking methods, and proposes using different phase current detection ways for different braking methods and the phase current control method based on current cut-off negative feedback. Finally, the relevant waveforms are simulated in Matlab environment. The simulation results show that the theory is correct and current detection and control methods are very effective.


The present study deals with the economic potential of gold occurring in the bed rocks and mineralized zones at Umm-Gheig district as well as the resource calculation of KabMoussa placer gold, Eastern Desert, Egypt. The experimental techniques of the amenability of gold extraction using cyanide carbon in pulp (C.I.P) leach technique, are carried on eight representative composite samples of the bed rocks and mineralized zones cropping out at the different localities in the district. High recovery of gold extraction is recorded at the areas of Kab-Mussa, Khor Abu-Merewa , and Hamrat Ghannam. Moderate gold recovery is recorded at Gabal Nusla, and Wadi El-El-Sherm El-Bahari. The least recovery is recorded in the banded iron ore at Umm Shaddad area. Using both the arithmetic (Ẍ) and geometric means (π) the calculated resource of placer gold at Kab -Moussa area are 1.260 ton and 1.208 ton respectively.


This two part report is a validation of the non-linear and the linear freight car hunting models respectively, which were developed under the TTD program. A specially conducted field test program provided the data used to validate each of the two models. A comparison of field test results and hunting model predictions shows good agreement; particularly in predicting the critical or onset speed for hunting. Eight different test car configurations were used for the field test program which included: (1) different torsional resistances at the truck-carbody interfaces using equivalent constant contact side bearing pressures thru use of an air-bag side bearing. (2) different wheel profiles (AAR standard wheel, CN profile a wheel). Model predictions are compared with field test results using selected field test configurations.


Noise pollution in the closed space such as railway carriage is an important problem because the noise pollution seriously affects comfort and health of people in the closed space. We propose the method to detection, integration, and optimization of acoustic field simulation in the closed space. First, we analyze the acoustic field distribution in the virtual 3D close space. We use harmonic sound wave propagation in the closed space and present the distribution according to geometric analysis. Second, we introduce Delaunay triangulation and k-means clustering into visualization to form the quiet zone and show it in 3D perspective. Our method used acoustic simulation to develop the sound barrier system. The simulation results show that our method can improve the analysis of the noise problem in the closed space.


We show the improved performance of PPM signaling in an optical spread-time code-division multiple-access (ST-CDMA) for high bit rate communications. The effects of PPM signaling on the total capacity and the requirements for phase masks are investigated.


This paper presents a multi-variable dynamic simulation of two degree-of-freedom vehicle applying the program and function of graphic with Matlab. Simulation shows that when at low spead, vehicle dynamic characteristics is in over-damping state and when at high spead, in under-damping state. Each state variable response appears resonance in working frequency domain, which deteriorates the vehicle handling and stability.


Fundament: The proteolitic rupture of the extracellular matrix due to metalloproteinase 2 and 9 is one of the aspects that can influence in the alteration of the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in multiple sclerosis. Obejctive: To determine metalloproteinase activity with gelatinous activity in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis. Methods: the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples taken from 31 patients suffering from multiple sclerosis and a control group formed by 21 patients without neurological disease. The metalloproteinase 2 and 9 activities in the cerebrospinal fluid were determined by zimografica technique through


I propose a numerical model which describes the dynamical features of vibrated beds. It succeeds in reproducing convective motion in vibrated beds which was observed by Faraday for the first time in 1831. In addition to this, this modeling can explain threshold value of instability and surface fluidization. Moreover, I numerically show vibrated bed without side wall can exhibit strong non-linear feature like turbulence or anomalous diffusion.


In this paper, we devise a method for introducing affine invariance into the SIFT algorithm considering the addition of affine invariance property to the efficient SIFT algorithm for image matching. An intermediate step of detecting MSER in Comparison of matching performance was performed with reference to original SIFT algorithm. Other deciding factors such as execution time, number of detected interest points, resolution of the original and target images were also provided for comprehensive comparison. Conclusions are drawn based on the observed results and possible factors are considered for any improvement.


The Korean peninsula is located as a strategic point. In the North it has border with the Republic of China, and the Russian Federation. The west sea separates Korea from Japan. That is the Korean importance to the powerful countries such as the United States and the countries mentioned before. The reunification topic is crucial when we are talking about Korea, and that is the reason of this essay. I t explores the reunification through Korean history until the results of the Sunshine Policy. The Sunshine Policy goals let us know that the Korean conflict has top be solved by the Korean citizens without other countries' intervention. By the way, I focus in the role of the private sector to get contact with North Korea perhaps, that is not important, however it can be useful to open the door to rejoin families from both sides, who share the same culture, language and history.


The invention provides a real-time task scheduling method based on a multicore processor, comprising the following steps of: distributing the corresponding interrupt source of a real-time periodic task to a main processor; distributing the interrupt source of a timing clock to an auxiliary processor; defining the interrupt priority level corresponding to each real-time periodic task; triggering the corresponding interrupt source of each real-time periodic task in the main processor in sequence according to established period by the timing clock of the auxiliary processor; and switching the corresponding task according to the priority level of the interrupt source corresponding to each real-time periodic task by the main processor. The method can reduce the load of the main processor, and has the advantages of small resource occupation, high cost performance and low development threshold.


This chapter examines the reception of Ajax in Athens during the archaic and the classical period. The discussion is organized in three sections which reflect distinct manners in which the Athenians related to the hero, and which also correspond to different phases in the history of Athens. The first section investigates the role Ajax played in the Athenians' struggle to take control over Salamis in the sixth century. It analyses the different entries on Ajax in epic catalogues (Catalogue of Ships, Teichoscopia, Catalogue of Women) and surveys the archaic representations of the hero in Attic art. Amongst other things, the chapter broaches the question of the possible influence that the use of the Iliad in Athens may have had on the literary transmission of the poem. The second section ranges approximatively from the time of Cleisthenes' reform to that of the advent of a more radical form of democracy in Athens in the middle of the fifth century BCE. It investigates the different roles the figure of Ajax plays as one of Athens' tribal heroes and as a symbol of the Greeks' victory against the Persians following the battle of Salamis. Ajax's genealogical connection with the Philaid Miltiades and Cimon is scrutinized. This leads to a discussion the fragments of Aeschylus alleged trilogy on Ajax. The last section focuses on Ajax's reception in the second part of the fifth century BCE. It mainly shows the way Sophocles exploited the various forms of the myth of Ajax in his eponymous play.


ABSTRACT In the broadest sense, the term confrontation describes an interaction in which persons are brought together to elicit truth—an encounter central to all analytic work. Within the psychoanalytic literature, the term has generally been defined according to the theoretical assumptions of classical ego psychology and has referred to an interaction in which an objective, observing analyst confronts the patient with aspects of himself that the analyst sees and the patient does not, leading the patient to see first his wish not to know and then the unknown part of himself—the stranger within. In newer, intersubjective models, confrontation continues to be an essential interaction in analytic work, but it takes a different form. As the analyst comes to know the patient, the patient's confrontation with the analyst's separate subjectivity—with the stranger without—leads for the patient to a confrontation with his fantasies of becoming known to another and, ultimately, to other unconscious aspects of his inner world. An extended clinical example illustrates this technical approach and its yield and points to potential problems that may be associated with it.


This research aims to analyze a long run relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflow and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Indonesian economic since 1981 until 2012. The analysis method used is Cointegration Test by using Johansen and Granger Causality Test Model. The result suggests that both variables do not have the same trend in Indonesian economy since 1981-2012. The GDP has increased more slowly, although FDI flow has fluctuated progress in Indonesia. In the long run, there isn't any relationship between FDI flow and GDP in Indonesia. But in the short run, GDP causes FDI flow in Indonesia during 1981-2012. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product, Cointegration Method, Granger Causality


This paper may be said to consist of two divisions. The first contains an account of some experiments and observations undertaken with a view co ascertain how far the refraction of sound caused by the upward variation of temperature may he the cause of the difference in the distances to which sounds of the same intensity may be heard at different times.


INTRODUCTION WITH OVER 150,000 DOCTORATE DEGREES AWARDED in U.S. universities in 2009-10 (Digest of Educational Statistics: 2011 2012), the demand for doctoral education remains strong. Interest in advanced graduate education may be due to increasingly sophisticated work tasks and technologies that require advanced training, the prolonged recession, an increase in the number of education seekers from across the globe, and a continued emphasis by President Obama and philanthropic agencies (e.g., Lumina and Gates Foundations) on increasing postsecondary completions. Along with considering issues of increased access to undergraduate education, academic planners must also determine if and how they will maintain or increase access to doctoral-level study, in what disciplines, and with what funding. Recent projections from the Bureau of Labor Statistics indicate that the demand for workers with a doctoral (typically Ph.D. and Ed.D.) or professional degree (M.D., Psy.D., D.D.S., Pharm.D., and Law) may increase, especially in the sciences and engineering. Sommers and Franklin (2012) project that between 2010 and 2020 the overall growth in job openings will be 14.3 percent regardless of the required education level; however, it will be nearly 20 percent for jobs that require a doctorate or professional degree. While this may be an encouraging sign, there are growing concerns about diminishing employment opportunities for doctoral recipients (e.g., Weissmann 2013). When the supply of doctoral recipients outpaces the demands of the market, the level of unemployment can increase and/or the economic benefits relative to those of individuals holding the master's degree or less can decrease. In addition, diminished state and local appropriations and the resulting increased institutional reliance on tuition have required students to assume a greater share of their tuition, often through financial loans, which adds to the costs of acquiring the degree. Like any individual seeking to make a rational decision, doctoral students must decide if the benefits of earning this degree outweigh the costs. Academic planners, too, must consider the advantages and challenges of increased demand for doctoral-level education. The ability to attract and keep the best and brightest doctoral students requires plentiful funding, typically through assistantships and fellowships, fully-furnished facilities, and star faculty members to mentor them. However, doctoral students (and postdoctoral researchers) contribute substantially to institutional research and extramural revenues. Further, an institution's research output has a strong impact on college rankings and overall reputation. Although doctoral-level education can create its share of challenges for college and university officials, it can also yield significant benefits. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The decision to acquire advanced postsecondary education can be seen as an investment in human capital. It is estimated that, in general, an individual with a doctorate will earn approximately $1 million more over his or her lifetime than a peer with a bachelor's degree (Carnevale, Rose, and Cheah 2011). Although the acquisition of the doctoral degree most visibly includes the economic benefits of increased wages and decreased chances for unemployment, other benefits may include social and cultural advantages such as increased professional networking and higher quality of life (e.g., Adler and Kwon 2002; Perna 2003). In addition, we know that institutions and state and national economies benefit from doctoral-level education through increased R&D funding, knowledge production, and tangible products such as patents. However, we do not know the precise factors that affect wages for recent doctorate recipients. A deeper understanding of the economic benefits of the earned doctorate is important to students seeking to make a rational decision regarding whether or not to enroll. …


Perceived abusive supervision implies detrimental human consequences and negative performance effects. However, paradoxically, there are numerous anecdotal reports on managers who appear to deliberately mistreat most of their subordinates in an effort to enhance work group performance, preferring abusive methods of influence over more constructive motivational approaches. Because destructive leadership theory does not provide a compelling explanation for this perplexing phenomenon, I conducted an inductive, longitudinal case study at the executive level of a large corporation to explore antecedents of performance-oriented abusive supervisory behavior. The analysis of rich, contextualized data reveals that empathic incompetence of superiors to consider the emotions, goals, and limitations of inferiors can imply a belief in the efficacy of harsh management tactics, resulting in abrasive supervisory conduct and an abusive supervision climate collectively perceived by subalterns. The findings suggest social dominance orientation (SDO) of upper-level managers to moderate these relationships through cognitive activation of abusive supervisory values.


The construction of urban shallow tunnel induces deformations of soil that spread from the cavity and towards the surface forming a settlement trough. In urban zones, it is essential to control the volume and shape of the settlement depression in order to avoid damages on neighbouring buildings. This paper presents the case of the South Toulon tunnel, realized by a full-face excavation with soil reinforcement ahead of the face by a pipe umbrella and face bolting. This project shows how it is possible to regulate the tunnelling process (reinforcement and lining adjustments) by mainly considering the monitoring and the prediction of surface settlements. For this purpose a simple analytical equation, describing the development of surface settlements on the tunnel axis against the tunnel face progress, has been used. Some examples of this approach will be presented. evolution with the tunnel progress and in particular its final stabilized value. This permits to continuously adapt the tunnelling process in order to avoid building damage and to optimize economically the pre-reinforcement. Firstly, the principal characteristics of the South Toulon tunnel will be presented. Then, the study will focus on the method used to analyze and predict the ground displacements in order to optimize the tunnel progress. Some examples of this approach will be described as well. 2 SOUTH TOULON TUNNEL The South Toulon tunnel will connect motorways A50 and A57 from Nice to Marseille (Fig. 1). It is parallel to the North tunnel previously built between 1994 and 2000. It has a 120 m section and is 1820 m long. It is realized in an urban area with a limited overburden (about 35 m maximum). The tunnel construction presents many difficulties starting from the characteristics of crossed soils. 2.1 Geology and geotechnical context One of the most important difficulties of this project is the Toulon geology. In fact, it is very heterogeneous at the tunnel face scale (Fig. 2) and


To overcome the limitations of conventional floating-point number formats, an interval arithmetic and variable-width storage format called universal number (unum) has been recently introduced [1]. This paper presents the first (to the best of our knowledge) silicon implementation measurements of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for unum floating-point arithmetic. The designed chip includes a 128-bit wide unum arithmetic unit to execute additions and subtractions, while also supporting lossless (for intermediate results) and lossy (for external data movements) compression units to exploit the memory usage reduction potential of the unum format. Our chip, fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process, achieves a maximum clock frequency of 413 MHz at 1.2 V with an average measured power of 210uW/MHz.


Two amorphous films, CuxO-W03 and V205-W03, are investgated Co determine electrochromism and their optical properties. The color and transmittance of the films can change continuously and reversibly. This multi-colored effect is due to sequential transfer of Cu2-Cul+ and W6+=== W5+ in Cux0W03 films and V4+ reversible processes occurring in V205-W03 films. Because of these optical properties, this type of films may be used for selectively transmitting windows or information display devices.


In this paper, a hybrid model integrating wavelet decomposition and least squares support machines (LSSVM) is proposed for crude oil price forecasting. In this model, the Haar a trous wavelet transform is first selected to decompose an original time series into several sub-series with different scales. Then the LSSVM is used to predict each sub-series. Subsequently, the final oil price forecast is obtained by reconstructing the results of the sub-series forecasts. The experimental results show that the integrated model, based on multi-scale wavelet decomposition, outperforms the traditional single-scale models. Furthermore, the proposed hybrid model is the best among all the models compared in this study. To fully integrate the advantages of several models, a combined forecasting model is presented. The study shows that the combined forecasting model is clearly better than any individual model for crude oil price forecasting.


Today's difficult conditions provide for the presence of a high form of ownership of organizations to some extent limit the possibility of obtaining a sufficient amount of funds to expand production, as the main vector for the development of a private company in the market. In such a situation, rent becomes a fairly simple and relatively affordable resource for replenishing the production potential, not only for small and medium-sized businesses. The article examines the causes and factors that determine and limit rental relations in modern realities, and concludes that current events and circumstances may have an impact on all sides of the lease relations of operations. The author considered the regulation of rental relations, which has undergone certain changes since the beginning of the pandemic. The article reveals the accounting aspects of lease relations, taking into account the mandatory application of new rules, starting from the reporting of the current year.


Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the disease in which abdominal pain and related bowel movements such as diarrhea and constipation persist. IBS is classified in chronic primary pain as well as fibromyalgia and non–specific low back pain. Psychological intervention is important in the treatment of refractory IBS. In particular, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) which is a kind of psychotherapy has attracted attention recently. We have developed a Japanese version of the cognitive behavioral therapy protocol for IBS which called CBT–IE and have been practicing on IBS patients. When conducting CBT for patients with chronic pain, including IBS, it is important not to target the disappearance of symptoms, but to aim for improving the quality of life.


In his Presidential Address to the Institute this year the Astronomer Royal, Sir Harold Spencer Jones, stresses the importance of an early resumption of the general survey of the Earth's magnetic field and developments in airborne magnetometers in the United States have suggested the possibility of using aircraft for this purpose. The techniques which are available for aerial survey will be discussed in this paper and an attempt will be made to evaluate the relative merits of conducting world wide magnetic surveys by sea and by air.


Nowadays, we have witnessed a significant increase of renewable sources across the existing power grids as a result of the undeniable need to mitigate the effects of environmental pollution and to assist the economic development of the countries. However, due to the lack of rotational inertia and their intermittent nature, renewables have increased the severity of the occurring disturbances and instability phenomena, which in turn, place a demand for more accurate modeling of the grid and the power system components. In this paper, we propose a novel network formulation for AC microgrids that allows the consideration of less conservative conditions for the network whilst facilitating the adoption of higher order inverter-based generation dynamics and the stability analysis and control. In particular, we formulate the network as a dynamical multi-input/multi-output system, which we show is both stable and passive, even when the network's dynamic and lossy nature is considered. Then we present the opportunities and the advantages offered by the proposed framework and provide useful guidelines for a more accurate modeling of power system components. Finally, we verify the proposed network formulation through a numerical application on the Four Machine Two Area Kundur test system and a dynamic simulation on typical Medium Voltage (MV) distribution lines.


Airport baggage transportation is prone to violence. This paper proposes a deep learning-based airport violence sorting identification method to replace the traditional manual detection. The Retinanet target detection model is selected to realize the detection of people and luggage at the sorting site. We select live images for training and constructing them to form a dedicated data set. The methods of constructing a data set include data set selection, data enhancement, and data annotation. Then we use the selected model for training. At the same time, AP value is calculated by Precision and Recall as the result to verify the applicability of the deep learning model to our data set. Finally, the selected video is detected by the proposed method.The whole detecting process includes video preprocessing, preliminary detection, and detailed detection etc. In the process of tracking luggage, the color of the luggage is chosen as the main tracking feature. Based on the idea of meanshift. The final experimental results show that the proposed method is stable and efficient in detecting violent sorting behavior.


. Discusses issues of management activities on conflict management in an educational organization. The author considers the definition of 'conflict', 'conflict management', given by domestic researchers. Analyzes the implementation of basic management functions with regard to the conflict management process. The main objective of the work was to analyze the literature on conflict management methods in domestic literature and predefine the most pressing problems in the study of this issue.


Objective:To establish three dimensional finite element model of edentulous mandible in which four implants were inserted,and the stresses loading for different location combined designs of four implants were carried out,which to simulate the stresses distribution of mandibular implant overdentures that were retained by different locations telescopic crown attachments.Thereby the optimum designs were determined concerning of telescopic crowns retentive location.Methods:The modeling software of CATIA and 3-D finite element software of ABAQUS were used to build finite element mandible models in which four standard ITI implants(4.1×10mm)were inserted.According to different implant locations,I-VII models were established.These models were loaded with 100N vertical and static loading on the simulated denture base plate.Results:The result of stress distribution around implants showed:the model of 3-6 design showed better stress distribution,the models of 2-4design and 3-5design were secondary.For the rest models,stress distribution seemed to be malconformation.Conclusion:The designs that inserting implants in the molar areas should be considered,especially for the 3-6 design.Because the stress distribution seemed to be more balanced and reasonable in 3-6 design,at the same time,the distance between mesial and distal implants should be concerned.


Since the development of 'frozen mince' (reito surimi) from Alaska pollack in 1959, there has been a remarkable increase in the catch of this North Pacific fish, resulting in a supply of three million tonnes of fish per year to the Japanese market. The frozen mince technique is based on the prevention of denaturation, during freezing, of the fish actomyosin by the removal of albumins and inorganic salts and by the addition of sucrose and polyphosphates. Based on a fundamental study of frozen fish mince, the author and his colleagues have proposed some twenty new cryoprotective additive compounds, among which glutamate and aspartate have the greatest effect. These compounds can also modify the eating quality of cooked products. These results, together with the technical success of fish mince and a proposal for another new technique, illustrate the potential for products developed from fish mince in many areas of the world. The success of the frozen surimi (frozen mince or reito surimi) industry in Japan presents an example of the successful development of an unutilized food resource by introducing an original technique. This paper deals with a profile of the frozen surimi industry, its scientific background and an analysis of the conditions which were instrumental t o success. FROZEN SURIMI INDUSTRY


Good quality of accounting information is the prerequisite for the accounting in formation system to function normally and give efficiency to its full play.However,many undesirable factors involved make it difficult to reach the high level as expected.


introduction: after the consensus conference in st. gallen and updated nccn guidelines, we started doing sentinel lymph node biopsy (slnB) in May 2017, for breast cancer patients who achieve clinical axillary remission following neoadjuvant treatment. this study's primary goal was to evaluate the clinical impact of slnB after neoadjuvant therapy in the group mentioned above. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all neoadjuvant breast cancer patients from May 2016 until May 2018 at clinical Hospital center rijeka. our preliminary results recorded the appearance of locoregional and distant recurrence. results: from 65 patients involved in this analysis, 48 patients were node-positive at the time of diagnosis, and 45.83% among those achieved complete pathological axillary remission. After the first postoperative year, there were no locoregional relapses nor statistically significant differences in the prevalence of distant recurrences, regardless of the extent of surgical procedure. However, results showed higher rates of locoregional and distant relapse for the group of patients that did not attain complete axillary remission. conclusion: slnB is a reliable alternative to alnD for locoregional and overall disease control for breast cancer patients who achieve complete clinical axillary remission after preoperative systemic treatment. the clinical axillary lymph node status, after neoadjuvant therapy, is a more relevant prognostic factor than the clinical axillary lymph node status at the beginning of the treatment. KeYWorDs: sentinel lymph node biopsy, neoadjuvant treatment, recurrence


Summary plankton and whole RA species collection and processing data for all samples other then OTB,MT,VM,EMPS. Only smooth data, samples from dip net, or others given from other locations.


In 1997, we proposed a model of the ball lightning (BL) whose activity is accounted for by energy release in the fusion of light nuclei, most probably, carbon in organic fibers (Proc. ISBL 97, p.157). The fusion is provided by catalytic action of superheavy negative particles making up the Galactic Dark Matter. We called them DArk Electric Matter Objects, or daemons. The daemons are assumed to be elementary black holes (M ~ 10^-5 g) carrying a charge of up to Ze = 10e. Experiments have culminated in 2000 by the discovery of daemons. We used the two-screen scintillation technique with a scintillator ZnS(Ag). Measurements showed the daemon flux striking the Earth to be ~10^-9 cm^-2s^-1 for an object velocity of as low as ~<10-30 km/s. The half-year periodicity of the flux was revealed, which can be assigned to daemons being captured into helio- and geocentric orbits as the Solar system moves through the DM background (see astro-ph/0402367). The next step in creating a daemon-mediated BL to achieve controlled energy generation through catalytic fusion of carbon nuclei will be a search for methods of capture and stable holding of a daemon, which could involve the use of the tip of a carbon fiber, as it apparently occurs in nature.


Around 5,000 years ago, different Neolithic populations in Europe started to reduce in size and even disappear. The reasons of this decay are still largely discussed, but the process is known as the Neolithic Decline. We found evidences suggesting that infectious diseases, and precisely plague, may have played a role on this process.


comparing mean educational attainment (pp. 288-89). Despite these problems, Kelly and Boutilier usefully propose hypotheses and provide a comparative perspective. They do this with a sense of humor and within a nicely structured study. They state "that even with the limitations in the design our efforts are more likely to reveal the processes actually needed to socialize real political women than studies done on random, representative samples of . . . students or even of women in general which may well meet more adequately the rigorous scientific requirements usually established for such studies" (pp. 92-93). They may well be correct. Their study of socialization and role conflict is a landmark effort.


The present invention relates to systems and methods for recovering cadmium telluride (CdTe), and specifically, the present invention provides a method for recovering the plating member to be used for producing parts, such as photovoltaic (PV) module (12) cadmium telluride (CdTe) on the system (30) and related methods. The system comprising: a vacuum oven (14), which is configured for maintaining a vacuum and heated to cause sublimation of CdTe is placed apart from the effective temperature of the furnace member. CdTe collection member set (16, 18), so that the sublimed in the diffusion furnace to the collecting member. The collecting member is held in respect sublimated CdTe plated to the effective temperature of the collection member. Subsequently treating the collecting member to collect the plating CdTe.


Automation is an ongoing development that has already changed the inland waterway transport sector (IWT) fundamentally. One of the next possible steps is the technology for fully automated operation systems under conditions and with the possibility for human intervention from on-shore. This article develops and explores a fully automated and unmanned inland vessel and questions if a positive business case for the IWT and society is possible. It also identifies the success and failure factors of this innovation. Two analyses were applied regarding barriers that could prevent market uptake (System of innovation approach, SIA), and the social costs and benefits of automation (Social Cost/Benefit Analysis, SCBA). The innovation has the potential to be disruptive in the entire supply chain as all transport modes are discovering their automation potential. The technology is assumed to have a possible impact on vessel safety, trip planning, fuel efficiency and even freight capacity. Also the institutional framework of the European IWT is taken in account regarding crew requirements and safety standards.


Armed conflicts have changed in complexity and nature over the past few decades magnifying health challenges for children. Conflict impacts children's health in four important ways. First, conflict‐driven displacement increases child death and injury, mainly through increased susceptibility to infectious disease from unsanitary living conditions. A case study on Southern Sudan illustrates that conflict reduces sanitation, clean water, and health services making it difficult to stop the spread of neglected tropical diseases, such as visceral leishmaniasis and trachoma. Second, children have a higher risk of food insecurity and malnutrition during times of conflict. The country case of Chad illustrates that food insecurity is heightened by the resettlement of displaced people leading to higher rates of malnutrition. Third, children, especially girls, are subjected to an increased risk of sexual violence from armed combatants during conflict. Rape has been a prevalent component of armed conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo causing increased risk of psychological trauma, unwanted pregnancy, and susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections. Fourth, conflict induces long‐term physical and psychological disability in children, especially among child soldiers. In Afghanistan, rehabilitation and educational interventions are critical in improving the health outcomes of children. Introduction Contemporary armed conflicts are frequently complex, with protracted duration, and fought by irregular armed combatants. Armed conflict involves the intentional use of illegitimate force with arms or explosives against a person, community or state (Geneva Declaration 2008) and is generally characterized by at least 1,000 conflict‐related deaths per year. Armed conflict is the fourth leading cause of death for people between the ages of 15 and 44 worldwide (Geneva Declaration 2008). Armed conflict now involves massive civilian casualties and injuries. The 20th century revealed dramatic increases in violence against civilians during armed conflict. 19% of casualties were civilians during World War I, and nearly half of World War II casualties were civilian. In the 1980s and 1990s, the majority of casualties (80%) were civilians (Bhutta, Yousafzai et al. 2010). In addition to increased prevalence of violence against civilians, conflict is also inextricably linked to poverty. 90% of the 150 conflicts post‐World War II have occurred in developing countries (Pollard, Finn et al. 2005). Asia and Africa have the largest concentration of violent conflict where both regions account for over 75% of global conflicts (Project Ploughshares 2009). Many Sub‐Saharan African countries are poverty stricken during times of peace, and armed conflict deepens civilian vulnerability, diminishes safety networks, and …


The present invention, the surface of various articles and matte, with capable of imparting design quality that is more luxurious, coated film matte be a molding such as stretching is not reduced, once the coating It provides an article using an aqueous surface treatment agent obtained in the factory and the same. Using an aqueous polyurethane (A), an aqueous polyester (B) or aqueous acrylic resin (C), matting agent (D), the aqueous surface treatment agent characterized by containing a crosslinking agent (E). In particular, the aqueous polyester (B) is a polycarbonate-based aqueous polyurethane, wherein the crosslinking agent (E) is an aqueous surface treatment agent is a carbodiimide.


The invention discloses a method for preparing graphite paper with high thermal conductivity. The method comprises the following steps: firstly preparing a nickel catalyst layer on a graphite sheet with a thickness of 0.2-1 mm by adopting a magnetron sputtering system, wherein the thickness of a nickel film is 10-500 nm; performing high temperature annealing on the prepared nickel catalyst layer to form nickel single crystal particles with diameters of 0.5-15 microns; then, preparing graphene on the graphite sheet plated with the nickel catalyst layer by using a chemical vapor deposition method; soaking the graphite sheet coated with a grapheme film in a catalyst solution ferric nitrate or ferric chloride or iron acetate aqueous solution for 10 minutes to 2 hours, taking out the graphite sheet, drying the graphite sheet at 120 DEG C, and putting the graphite sheet in a chemical vapor deposition system to grow a carbon nanotube; and finally, pressing the graphite sheet through a hydraulic press to obtain the graphite paper with high thermal conductivity. The graphite paper prepared by the method disclosed by the invention not only has high thermal conductivity, but also has excellent mechanical strength and cracking resistance, so that the graphite paper can be produced in a large area and can be widely applied to the field of heat conduction.


The U.S. Geological
Survey was requested in 1967 to locate areas that would most likely
yield the greatest quantities of the best quality water to satisfy the
projected municipal needs of western Collier County.
The investigation included the following phases: (1) evaluation
of existing data; (2) determination of the hydrologic and geologic
characteristics of the subsurface materials; (3) collection of miscellaneous
discharge data in the inland canal complex and interpretation
of the data; and (4) determination of the quality of water. (PDF has 40 pages)


The Lake St Lucia Estuarine System, South Africa, has been under pressure due to recent drought conditions, which led to extreme low lake levels, hypersaline conditions and closure of the mouth. The estuary mouth closed in June 2002 and has remained so for more than two-and-a-half years. A lack of information on biotic responses during extended closed-mouth conditions prompted a study to ascertain the current status of the fish fauna in the system. Fish were sampled with seine and gill-nets at six sites spread throughout the system. At the time of sampling in December 2004, the system had become partitioned into four isolated compartments. A total of 4 475 fish comprising 30 species were recorded during the survey. The CPUEs were generally low, except for those of Oreochromis mossambicus, Liza dumerili and Ambassis ambassis. The freshwater cichlid O. mossambicus made up 45% of the total catch. The species composition in each of the four compartments of the system were very different. Historical data indicated a loss of about 40% of the commonly-occurring species from the lake since mouth closure, reflecting a substantial change in species composition from that which occurs under 'normal' conditions. It is expected that the decline in the number of species and the abundance of remaining taxa will continue if drought conditions persist and the mouth remains closed.


. Let P,Q be longest paths in a simple graph. We analyze the possible connections between the components of P ∪ Q \ ( V ( P ) ∩ V ( Q )) and introduce the notion of a bi-traceable graph. We use the results for all the possible configurations of the intersection points when # V ( P ) ∩ V ( Q ) ≤ 5 in order to prove that if the intersection of three longest paths P,Q,R is empty, then #( V ( P ) ∩ V ( Q )) ≥ 6. We also prove Hippchen's conjecture for k ≤ 6: If a graph G is k -connected for k ≤ 6, and P and Q are longest paths in G , then #( V ( P ∩ V ( Q ≥ 6.


Edutainment can simply be defined as a learning designed by combining educational content with entertainment. This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the physics concepts contained in several rides at the Batu Night Spectacular (BNS) amusement park. This research uses a qualitative approach and is a case study. The data collection technique used is documentation in the form of images or articles on online media. There are three rides analyzed, namely Flying Swinger, Megamix, and Gravitron. From the data and the results of the analysis that has been done, it can be concluded that, Flying Swinger, Megamix, and Gravitron work based on the concept of force or having the concept of force on them. The forces that were analyzed on the three rides were centripetal force, centrifugal force, gravitational force, frictional force, and string tension force


The utility model relates to an operating device of a multipole miniature circuit breaker, which comprises a handle, a rotating plate, two pairs of contacts, two electromagnetic tripping devices and two thermal tripping devices, wherein the rotating plate is pivoted on a shell through a mandrel, the two pairs of contacts are in closing/opening matching, the two electromagnetic tripping devices are arranged side by side, and the two thermal tripping devices are arranged side by side. The operating device further comprises a tripping connecting rod, a tripping rod, a U-shaped rod, two short-circuit short columns and two overload short columns, wherein the tripping connecting rod is provided with a lock hook and pivoted on the rotating plate through a first hinge shaft; the tripping rod is pivoted on the rotating plate through a second hinge shaft and provided with a lock tooth, a manipulating element and an actuating rod, the manipulating element can be matched with the electromagnetic tripping devices of circuit breakers at two adjacent poles, the actuating rod can be matched with bimetallic strips of the thermal tripping devices of circuit breakers at two adjacent poles, two ends of the U-shaped rod are in hinged connection with the handle and the tripping connecting rod, the two short-circuit short columns are arranged on the manipulating element side by side and respectively in touch cooperation with the actuating ejector rods of the two electromagnetic tripping devices, and the two overload short columns are arranged on the actuating rod side by side and respectively in touch cooperation with the bimetallic strips of the two thermal tripping devices. The tripping rod can be controlled by the adjacent two groups of independent tripping devices, the size is small, the structure is compact, and the action is more reliable.


Hexagonal gallium nitride (GaN) films are grown on aluminum nitride ceramic substrates in gallium and nitrogen plasmas excited by microwaves. The band-edge photoluminescence properties of the GaN films are investigated at 77 K and at room temperature. A strong ultraviolet (UV) emission, consisting of two components with different decay characteristics, is observed. The fast decay component is due to free exciton recombination and the slow one is ascribed to recombination of localized excitons.


In information and service products such as open source software, increasing returns occur on the production or supply side, as well as network externalities on the demand side. For open source software, the social community element needs to be integrated with the framework of increasing returns. This paper attempts to show that social conventions, and social herding behaviour are fundamental to the growth of the open source software. Such social conventions legitimise value and provide identification in the global online community and have important implications for service industries in general.